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The cost is the most important control instrument The time is an important control instrument
Proiectarea conceptuală
a unui nou produs
Da Lansarea în
fabricaţie
Why do we need DFMA software
packages?
When evaluating the role, cost and
importance of one part or another in an
assembly, many times we need to answer to
questions such as follows:
What is it?
What does it cost?
What does it do?
What else would do the job?
What would that cost?
3. Obiective si principii de proiectare
pentru montaj
minimizarea timpului de
asamblare
AEM Hitachi
DFA Lucas
IPA Stuttgart
DFMA Boothroyd&Dewhurst
LUCAS DFA Method
The LUCAS methodology resulted from a collaboration
between Lucas Engineering & Systems (now part of CSC)
and the University Of Hull
Only the DFA procedures are considered here
Three indices are used to measure the assemblability of a
design
1) Design efficiency - concerned with part count
2) Feeding ratio - assesses difficulty of part feeding
3) Fitting ratio - assess part insertion
Hitachi Assembly Evaluation
Method (AEM)
The Hitachi method uses 2 indices to assess
assemblability:
• Assemblability evaluation score 'E', used to
assess design quality or the difficulty of
assembly operations
• Estimated assembly cost ratio 'K', used to
estimate assembly cost improvements
Boothroyd-Dewhurst DFMA
Procedure
Determine assembly system type
– manual assembly
– high speed automatic assembly
– robotic assembly
The selection is based on analysis of:
– anticipated production volume
– payback period required
– number of parts in the assembly
– equipment costs
Benefits of B&D DFMA software compiled
from 88 published case studies include:
Esenţa comună a metodelor DFA.
Obiective şi criterii
Simplificarea produsului
Utilizarea de materiale şi componente STAS
Gruparea în familii de produse şi module
Se folososc toleranţe cât mai larg admisibile
Alegerea materialului adecvat funcţionalităţii
Minimizarea operaţiilor necesare
Proiectarea pentru proces
5. Proiectarea pentru asamblare
(DFA)
Part Design
– Eliminate/minimize tangling between parts in feeders
– Use symmetry to reduce the orientation time during
handling
– If symmetry is not possible, use obvious features to
speed orientation
Product Design
– Reduce the number of parts when possible
– Use chamfers and fillets to ease mating of parts
– Use snap-fits, and other quick fasteners, avoid screws,
glue, etc.
6. Elementele sistemului B&D –
DFMA şi modul de utilizare
Elementele sistemului DFMA
– Proceduri si baze de date
Editarea bazelor de date şi a operaţiilor speciale
– Permite adaptarea la specificul firmei
Selectarea sistemului adecvat de asamblare
– In functie de datele de productie specifice
Analiza unui produs cu DFMA
– Analizele DFA si DFM
Reproiectarea produselor industriale cu DFMA
Assembly Personnel Costs
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦ PERSONNEL AND PRODUCTION DATA ¦
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Personnel costs ¦ Production conditions ¦
+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Labor rates (dollars/hour): ¦ equipment payback period ¦
¦ manual assembly worker ...... 30.00¦ (months) ....................... 36 ¦
¦ technician for automatic ¦ ¦
¦ or robot assembly system ... 40.00+-----------------------------------------------------¦
¦ supervisory technician for ¦ Basic robot speed ¦
¦ manual assembly stations ... 50.00+-----------------------------------------------------¦
¦ ¦ basic time for robot arm to ¦
+-------------------------------------------¦ pick, place and return (sec)... 3.0 ¦
¦ Levels of supervision ¦ additional time for final ¦
+-------------------------------------------¦ part orientation by robot(sec). 2.0 ¦
¦ Number of stations attended ¦ ¦
¦ by one technician for: +------------------------------------------- ---------¦
¦ multi-station auto or robot ¦ Part quality & workhead down-time ¦
¦ assembly...................... 12 +----------------------------------------------------¦
¦ multi-station manual assembly.. 20 ¦ average number of parts per thousand ¦
¦ single-station robot assembly.. 4 ¦ causing workhead stoppage ..... 10 ¦
¦ single-station manual (bench) ¦ average down-time/stoppage(sec). 30 ¦
¦ assembly...................... 20 ¦ ¦
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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Assembly Equipment Costs
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦ ASSEMBLY EQUIPMENT COSTS (thousands of dollars) ¦
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ Single-station systems ¦ Special-purpose assembly equipment ¦
+-------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------¦
¦ workstation and fixture for: ¦ workhead with gripper ¦
¦ manual assembly .............. 2.0 ¦ or tool ..................... 10.0 ¦
¦ robot assembly ............... 12.0 ¦ interchangeable robot ¦
+--------------------------------------------¦ gripper or tool ............. 4.0 ¦
¦ Multi-station systems +----------------------------------------------------¦
+--------------------------------------------¦ General-purpose assembly equipment ¦
¦ Costs per workstation including +---------------------------------------------------¦
¦ transfer device and controls, for: ¦Robot arms, inc. gripper and controls: ¦
¦ manual assembly (non-synch)*.. 5.0 ¦ one 4-degree of freedom arm... 80.0 ¦
¦ auto assembly (synchronous) .. 10.0 ¦ two 4-degree of freedom arm... 150.0 ¦
¦ auto/robot assy (non-synch)*.. 12.0 ¦ one 6-degree of freedom arm... 140.0 ¦
¦ each additional buffer space for +---------------------------------------------------¦
¦ auto/robot non-synch machine . 1.0 ¦ Parts presentation equipment ¦
¦ one workcarrier for auto or +--------------------------------------------------¦
¦ robot assembly (non-synch) ... 0.5 ¦ automatic parts feeder ¦
+---------------------------------------------¦ basic drive unit ............ 2.0 ¦
¦ * includes up to 5 buffer spaces ¦ tooling for 1 part type ...... 3.0 ¦
¦ associated with each station ¦ mags. or pallets for 1 part... 1.5 ¦
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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DFM - Machine tool database
Simularea performanţelor
diferitelor sisteme de montaj
Informaţii
suplimentare
Alegerea sistemului
optim de montaj
dimensiunile de gabarit;
tipul materialului;
posibilităţile de manipulare;
simetria piesei respective, în raport cu direcţia şi cu axa de
inserare;
DFA - Handling difficulties
Avoid nesting
Date privind inserarea (îmbinarea)