Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
remodelarii creierului
pentru rezilien\a,
creativitate �i bucurie
r;rll·-t
Dr Dawson Church
CREIERUL
TN EXTAZ
Bliss Brain
Copyright © 2020 by Dawson Church
CREIERUL
TN EXTAZ
Neuro$tiin1a remodelarii creierului pentru rezilien1a.
creativitate $i bucurie
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8 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
,,Cand, in opera lui Dawson, The Secret se intalne�te
cu ornul de �tiinta, granitele a ceea ce credeai posibil vor
fi strarnutate rnult dincolo de irnaginea actuala a realitatii."
Jack Canfield, coautor al seriei Chicken Soup®
�i unul dintre rnae�trii din The Secret
•••
FOC!
- Ceva nu e 1n regula!
Sotia mea, Christine, ma zgiiltiiie de umar, strigiin
du-ma pe nume ca sa ma trezesc din somnul meu profund.
Ma uit ametit pe fereastra dormitorului, catre ceea ce
imi arata ea pe cerul noptii. La orizont se vede o aura porto
calie, care contureaza limpede crestele din fata casei noas
tre. Ceasul arata ora 00.45.
Ma dau jos din pat impleticindu-ma, deschid u�a gli
santa ce da pe terasa �i ies afara. Un foe masiv se ridica
deasupra dealurilor din fata �i lllcepe sa coboare repede la
vale catre noi.
Urlu la Christine:
- Plecam de-aici chiar acum!
Apuc un tricou, pantaloni �i o geaca de puf.
Curentul electric pica �i toate luminile se sting.
Pantofi sau ciorapi? Nu e timp de amiindoua... Pantofi.
Alerg in bucatarie �i orbecai in intuneric dupa cheile de
la ma�ina.
- Luam Honda! strig la Christine.
intr-un ocol rapid, tii�nesc prin living sa-mi iau lapto
pul. �i eu, �i Christine ie�im in fuga din casa.
20 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
inchidem u�a? 0 incuiem? Nu e timp. Fiecare secunda
conteaza.
Ma�inile sunt parcate langa anexa noastra din curtea
din spate. Nori de cenu�a alba incinsa se rostogolesc pe alee,
ca ni�te fulgi intr-o furtuna de zapada suprarealista.
Ma intreb: ,,Reactionez exagerat?"
O pata imensa de limbi de foe se aprinde chiar in spate
le anexei. Are forma unei flacari de lumanare, dar este inalta
de9m.
Nu, nu reactionez exagerat.
Scaparea
Bilantul mortilor
1
Creieru/ ln extaz 25
trimis un mesaj lui Heather, geniala femeie care ne conduce
organizatia �i care locuie�te langa Mark West. Luase legatura
cu toti membrii echipei �i aflase ca sunt cu totii in siguranta,
de�i fusesera evacuati. Ea m-a ajutat sa compun un mesaj pen
tru blogul meu de la Huffington Post, ca sa anunt comunitatea
intemationala ca am supravietuit. in urmatoareie cateva sap
tamani, ea a postat regulat actualizari ale informatiilor.
Dupa-amiaza, cerul s-a innegrit inainte de apusul soare
lui. Cenu�a de la incendii acoperea zona ca o ceata gri. Soa
rele stralucea ro�u �i imens, ca un apus tropical. Catre seara,
a devenit purpuriu �i s-a scufundat sub orizont, iar primele
cateva stele au stralucit prin obscuritate. in acea noapte, am
stat in camera de hotel a lui Bill �i Jane, cu o cina improvizata,
uitandu-ne la �tiri. Din cand in cand, Christine se cutremura
de plans. Ne-am intins impreuna in pat �i am luat-o in brate.
Am facut cuno�tinta cu cativa dintre tovara�ii no�tri
refugiati din calea focului de la hotel, inclusiv cu unii cu
patru picioare. Hotelul i�i relaxase politica ,,Fara animale de
companie". 0 doamna ducea la plimbare in lesa doua pisici
indaratnice. Nu le facea placere ...
in dimineata urmatoare, eu �i Christine am luat tarziu mi
cul dejun, impreuna cu un grup din statiune. Arn aflat ca peste
noapte focul sarise peste Autostrada 101 �i distrusese partea
de vest a localitatii Coffey Park, pompierii nu 1-au putut opri.
Parea putin probabil ca locuinta noastra sa fi supravietuit...
Am abandonat pisicile
17.10.2017, ora 15.58 ET" - Huffington Post - Santa Rosa
Fire Blog Post 4..
Acolo i$i petreceau noaptea cele doua pisici ale noastre siameze,
Pierre $i Apple. Erau gemene $i le aveam de cand erau ni$te piso·
ia$i pufo�i.
in timp ce alergam, mintea mea lucra frenetic: ,,Avem timp
sa luam pisicile?" 0 minge de foe inalta de 10 m a erupt in spatele
cladirii de birouri. N-aveam timp sa facem nimic altceva, decat sa
sarim in ma$ina �i sa ne salvam pe noi.
Am incetinit doar dupa vreo 3 km de mers. Nu ziceam niciu·
nul nimic, dar ne gandeam amandoi la acela�i lucru: pisicile.
II
Christine a zis:
- Poate ca focul a ocolit casa. Uneori se intampla a�a. Poate
ca vor gasi o cale sa iasa din garaj. Animalele salbatice sunt inte·
ligente in caz de incendiu.
- E posibil, am reasigurat-o eu, �tiind in sinea mea ca nimic
nu putea supravietui infernului din care abia fugisera cu ma�ina.
Cand am vazut a doua zi fotografiile cu ruinele casei noastre,
am �tiut ca pisicile nu puteau sa supravietuiasca. Un reportaj din
Wall Street Journal spunea ca la fiecare 3 secunde focul se intindea
cu lungimea unui teren de fotbal, probabil ca focul le-a inghitit rapid.
Rezervoarele ma�inilor au explodat in jurul lor; una dintre ma�inile
mele de epoca a fost aruncata de explozie la 6 m in aer. Cel mai
lini�titor gand pe care ii puteam avea era ca murisera repede.
Creierul in extaz 27
in zilele de dupa incendiu, am varsat de o suta de ori mai
multe lacrimi pentru pisici decat pentru toate lucrurile materiale �i
casa noastra la un loc. Am repetat scena in minte de nenumarate
ori: fugeam catre ma�ina, pe langa garaj, intrebandu-ma daca pot
sa le salvez.
Ori de cate ori revad filmul in mintea mea, ma intreb daca
puteam face ceva diferit in acea cumplita noapte, ca sa le salvez.
Stiu ca raspunsul este "Nu", dar continui sa caut o fisura in reali
tate care sa-mi permita sa rescriu trecutul.
Logic, �tiu ca, daca mi-a� ti abatut atentia de la a ne scoate
pe Christine �i pe mine din calea focului �i m-a� ti oprit sa bajbai
prin garajul intunecat incercand sa prind pisicile inspaimantate, n-a�
mai ti acum aici sa-ti spun povestea. Nici Christine, nici eu nu am ti
supravietuit. insa aceasta analiza nu ma ajuta sa ma simt mai bine...
Culoarea cenu�ii
Containerul misionarului
72 de ore
17 .10.2017, ora 15.23 ET - Huffington Post - Santa Rosa
Fire Blog Post 2
Nu-mi lipse$te nimic din toate acestea. Viala este infinit mai
pretioasa.
Chiar daca incendiile inca tac ravagii in unele parti din regi·
une, vedem cum oamenii se ridica $i o iau de la capat. Vecinii de
langa apartamentul in care stam au inceput un proiect de recon
struclie ieri.
Ma gandesc uneori la lucrurile pe care le-am pierdut. Editia
din 1861 a operelor complete ale lui Sir Walter Scott, publicata de
Adam & Charles Black, la Edinburgh. Toate cele 12 volume. Foto·
grafiile de epoca cu strabunicul meu, din 1864. Toate pastelurile pe
care le pictasem. Cele 1 200 de dosare cu cursuri de arta, puse in
ordine, care constituiau afacerea cu arta a tui Christine. Ma�ina mea
rD$ie Jensen-Healey din 1974.
lnima mea este plina de recuno�tinla in dimineata aceas·
ta. Am supravieluit unuia dintre cele mai cumplite dezastre din
regiunea in care locuim. Christine �i cu mine am fugit cu cateva
secunde inainte sa ia foe totul. Am o so1ie minunata $i o famitie
minunata. Ma trezesc in iubire in fiecare zi. Ma simt indrumat de
Marele Spirit in fiece clipa. A doua zi dupa incendiu, impreuna cu
Christine, am meditat o ora in plus $i am revizualizat incendiul ca
pe o deschidere a Universului pentru a ne aduce noi lucruri minuna
te in viala noastra. Viata este pretioasa �i. cu sau fara incendiu,
putem alege sa·i descoperim incantarea in fiecare zi.
Barnett Bain, producatorul filmului What Dreams May
Come, premiat cu Oscar, este unul dintre sutele de oameni care
mi-au scris e·mailuri de incurajare. I-am raspuns �i i-am multumit:
.,Suntem intregi in Spirit, care este realitatea suprema."
Vocea
Ora 00.45
1 3.11 .2017, ora 17.31 ET - Huffington Post - Santa Rosa
Fire Blog Post 11
Universul creator
Cafea cu unt
07.12.2017, ora 15 ET - Huffington Post - Santa Rosa Fire
Blog Post 12
Munca se tripleaza
prin iaz cand a atins cu mainile ceva rotund. $i-a ridicat mainile �i
a scos din apa neagra ... testoasa noastra! Cumva, supravietuise
timp de doua saptamani in zeama aceea toxica.
Mandala vindecatoare
Cre!jlterea posttraumatica
De la 50 de ani la 50 de secunde
Dupaunan
Apoi, s-a intamplat ceva, iar dupa aceea totul a fast diferit. Eu
�i sotia mea, Christine, ne-am trezit in Fort Ross, la hotelul unde cii·
utaseram refugiu dupa ce scapaseram din incendiul care ne mistuise
casa. Cu o seara inainte, soarele apusese pe un cer colorat in ro�u
de cenu�a �i foe. Noaptea aceea a fast ingrozitoare, eram bantuiti
de co�maruri in care fugeam cu ma�ina printre flacari.
Dimineata, i-am zis lui Christine:
- Trebuie sa facem ceva urgent.
M-a privit cu interes �i curiozitate.
- Trebuie sa meditam
Ne-am a�ezat pe pat �i am incercat sa intram in acel spatiu.
Era greu. lmi tot apareau in minte imaginile cerului insangerat din
ziua anterioara. Mi-am dat seama cat de scazuta imi era energia.
lncendiul arsese funia ce tinea legata barca vietii mele la ancora
practicii mele spirituale. Pluteam in deriva in frica �i incertitudine,
de ore fara sfar�it. Era timpul sa ma reconectez, sa intru in rezo
nanta cu Universul, cu acel maret post de radio etern care trans·
mite pace �i seninatate 24 de ore din 24, 7 zile pe saptamana.
Respirand �i centrandu-ne in noi in�ine, ne-a cuprins energia
familiara de pace �i calm. Eram din nou in inima Marelui Spirit, ca
minul care niciodata nu poate fi daramat sau distrus. Am stat a�a
aproape o ora intreaga, bucurandu-ne de profunzimea conectarii.
Apoi, ne-am intors unul catre celalalt �i am inceput sa ne imparta
�im gandurile. Da, se petrecuse un incendiu. Da, ne arsese casa.
Dar suntem aici, in siguranta, centrati in inima fiintei.
Am inceput sa ne gandim la lucrurile pierdute. Dar acum,
privindu-le din lnima Spiritului, le vedeam diferit. Mi-am amintit de
cele patru cutii cu fotografii ale mamei mele, depozitate in garaj.
Cand a murit, cu 20 de ani in urma, a lasat in urma ei munti de
lucruri pe care a trebuit sa le sortam. Cele mai mari fusesera date
imediat. Dar cine are timp sa ia la mana miile de fotografii din anii
1960, cele mai multe spalacite �i cu oameni pe care nici nu-i cuno�
team? Cele patru cutii ocupau un intreg raft din garaj. Fotografiile
sunt grele �i apasau marginile cutiilor. Cartonul se curba cate putin
in fiecare an. Silueta deformata a cutiilor dezintegrandu-se oglindea
lipsa de bucurie a neplacutei sarcini de a le sorta. Acum, cele patru
Creierul ln extaz 69
cutii nu mai existau ca sa-mi repro�eze nefericirea lor de cate ori
treceam pe langa ele. Erau scrum. Ce u�urare!
lntr-un alt garaj aveam un scaun de masaj. Cumparaseram
unul nou cu un an inainte �i ii depozitaseram pe eel vechi in garaj.
Pe lista mea de lucruri de facut era trecut: ,,Vinde pe internet sca
unul vechi de masaj." Oar trecuse un an �i nu gasisem niciodata
timp sa o tac. Acum, scaunul era scrum �i obligatia mea disparuse
intr-un mod miraculos.
Aveam un frumos Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit clasic. Oar bloca
sem atat de multi bani in el, incat nu-mi permiteam o ma�ina noua
mai practica. Facusem ocazional cate o incercare de a-I vinde, dar
acum era ars, redus la o coaja. Banii de la asigurare puteau plati
acum ma�ina aceea noua.
Vorbeam de ani de zile cu Christine sa ne mutam in Petalu
ma. Oar toate economiile noastre de-o viata erau bagate in casa din
Mark West, a�a ca ramasese doar un vis neimplinit. Acum, nemai
avand nimic la care sa ne intoarcem, mutarea devenise inevitabila.
Am inceput sa facem o lista cu binecuvantarile aduse de
incendiu. in psihologie, aceasta procedura se nume�te ,,transfor
mare cognitiva": aceea�i imagine, dar cu un cadru diferit. Acela�i
incendiu, dar o semnificatie diferita.
Cand ne recitam binecuvantarile dupa meditatie, starea
noastra de spirit se schimba. Celebram faptul ca suntem in viata,
cu posibilitati infinite deschise in fata noastra. Am inceput sa ne
simtim binedispu�i �i fericiti. Glumeam unul cu celalalt - la doar
48 de ore dupa ce ,,pierduseram" totul!
Oupa ce meditam, incendiul nu mai insemna pierdere, ci
libertate. insemna ca arsese tot ce era vechi, nu ca pierdusem
comori adunate intr-o viata intreaga. insemna deschidere catre
o viata noua �i mai buna, nu scufundarea in tragedia celei vechi.
Meditatia schimba totul.
in ziua aceea, la mai putin de 48 de ore dupa incendiu, medi
tatia mi-a schimbat intreaga perspectiva asupra vietii. Am trecut
de la pierdut �i confuz la increzator �i fericit, de la fara directie �i
inspaimantat la echilibrat �i bucuros. M-am reconectat cu versiu
nea mea vibranta, plina de resurse.
70 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
EXERCIJII DE APROFUNDARE
STAREA DE CURGERE
Ancorat in extaz
Ciclul meditatiei
J
Creieru/ 1n extaz 83
patru faze distincte al ciclului: concentrare, ratacirea min
tii, con�tientizare �i schimbare. In concentrare, atentia ti-e
centrata in starea meditativa. Apoi, intervine mintea rataci
toare: devenim con�tienti ca mintea ne ratace�te, dupa care
o aducem inapoi in starea de concentrare.
Daca privim meditatia ca pe un ciclu cu aceste patru
stadii, nu ca pe o stare ideala unica, obtinem o imagine mai
realista a ceea ce ne putem a�tepta de la �edintele noastre
de meditatie. Cercetatorii de la Emory subliniaza ca faza de
,,concentrare este inevitabil intrerupta de mintea ratacitoa
re". Apoi, devenim con�tienti ca atentia ne-a fost rapita �i
aplicam schimbarea. Ne concentram atentia din nou pe sta
rea meditativa. Si ciclul se reia astfel de fiecare data.
r Concentrare �
Schimbare Mintea
riitiicitoare
ConJtientizare
Printul ,i demonul
Spectacolul Eu
Centrarea pe sine
EXERCIJII DE APROFUNDARE
• Eliberarea de sinele suferind e tema meditatiei ce insote�te
acest capitol. Acceseaza linkul ce urmeaza pentru a asculta in fiecare
dimineata aceasta meditatie gratuita de 15 minute.
• Joaca ,,Nume,te·li demonul". Da·i o porecla caraghioasa
paqii din tine centrate in sine sau intreab-o cum o cheama $i noteaza
raspunsul. 0 femeie �i-a botezat sinele local ,,Lipiciosul': 0 alta l·a numit
,,Youggo': Acest exercitiu te separa de identificarea cu demonul $i iti
reaminte$te ca tu detii controlul.
• Fa schimbarea subiect-obiect. De ciite ori iti observi mintea
ratacind in timpul meditatiei, doar multume$te·i retelei tale implicite
(.,Multumesc, Yuggo!"), apoi muta·ti atentia din nou pe punctul de con
centrare.
• Aplicatie pentru mindfulness. Pentru a intra in starea de
prezenta, participa la sondajul facut de Harvard pentru studiul mintii ra·
tacitoare accesand linkul ce urmeaza pentru a descarca aplicatia pentru
telefonul mobil.
• Timp in natura. Petrece timp in natura eel putin de 3 ori pe
saptamana. Programeaza-ti aceste ore in agenda �i trateaza-le la fel de
serios ca pe o programare la medic. Acest exercitiu de ingrijire de sine
este un mod de a-ti centra mintea �i de a te ingriji de tine.
110 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
• Tine un jurnal. Noteaza-ti revelatiile pe care le-ai avut sapta
miina aceasta. Observa modul cum lucreaza mintea ta in timpul medita
tiei �i descrie-1 in jurnal. Doar ciiteva cuvinte sunt suficiente ( ,,Mi-a fost
greu sa intru intr-o stare buna in dimineata aceasta. Mi-a tot ratacit
mintea, dar am reu�it dupa 15 minute").
EXTAZUL OBISNUIT
J
11
• Concentrare • Dislexie
• Memorie
• Creativitate
• Comunicare intre emisferele dreapta �i stanga
• lntuiJie
• Claritate perceptiva
• Fericire
• AbilitaJi muzicale
• Coordonare
• lntegrarea informaJiei
• Ambidexteritate
• Vedere profunda
124 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
�i Albert Einstein a avut un corp calos pronuntat. Cer
cetatorii i-au comparat creierul cu al altor 15 barbati, toti
avand varsta de 76 de ani, la care a murit Einstein, precum
�i cu 52 de tineri sanato�i. La el, corpul calos era o supe
rautostrada de conectivitate, ,,mai gros in vasta majoritate a
subregiunilor", comparativ cu ceilalti. 47
• Memorie • Depresie
• invatare • Hiperactivitate
• Control emotional • Amnezie
• Deprinderea de abilitati • Boala Alzheimer
• Orientare in spatiu
• Senzatia de directie
• Serotonina
• Coordonarea regiunilor cerebrale
Creierul in extaz 129
• Calm • Frica
• lmunitate • Stres
• Relaxare • ,,Lupta, fuga sau inghef'
• Longevitate • Anxietate
• Oepresie
• Cortizol
• ingrijorare
• Furie
• Oependente
• Nervozitate
• Fobii
• Modificari ale dispozitiei
132 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
J
Creierul Tn extaz 137
Activand acest nod al inteligentei emotionale, medita
tia actualizeaza o intreaga gama de calitati pozitive, inclusiv
altruismul, adaptabilitatea, empatia, abilitatile lingvistice,
con�tienta de sine, con�tiinciozitatea �i echilibrul emotional.
:I·
emotiile negative, procesul devine automat, ca mersul pe bi
cicleta, ceea ce ii ajuta sa fie rezilienti in fata stresului.
Ne-am intalnit in Capitolul 2 cu nucleus accumbens,
,1;
o alta portiune importanta a corpilor striati. El e asociat cu
experientele de recompensa �i intarirea pe care o produce
recompensa in creier. E activat de experiente placute, in
'
'._: timpul carora secreta cantitati mari de dopamina, principa
lul neurotransmitator al recompensei din creier. Sistemul
,it recompensei e important in dependente. Droguri precum
--
Creierul in extaz 145
alcoolul, heroina �i cocaina declan�eaza eliberarea de do
pamina din nucleus accumbens. El se activeaza cand gase�ti
bani pe jos, cand ai orgasm sau c�and te rasplate�ti cu o pof!ie
generoasa de placinta cu cire�e. Insa cand persoana care me
diteaza contempla altruismul, nucleul accumbens se aprinde
in creierul ei. Are loc aceea�i descarcare de dopamina de
care se bucura amatorul de ciocolata sau dependentul care
trage pe nas o linie de cocaina.
Meditatia ii ajuta pe practicanti sa se simta bine folosind
exact aceia$i neurotransmifatori $i acelea$i regiuni din creier
ca fn cazul dependenfelor, a�a cum vom vedea in Capitolul 5.
Acest sistem al recompensei explica de ce initiatii au o practi
ca regulata: sunt dependenti de aceste senzatii minunate!
EXERCITII DE APROFUNDARE
CEl1%
Pa;;ii initierii
beta
Creierul in extaz 163
- theta
delta
4.8. Nervul vag se conecteaza cu toate sistemele de organe majore din corp
Experimentul de 30 de zile
de Marie-Beth Stuckley
�;,
�: E;: ;;zs:J
M
�
�� :�
a
���:�1
Unde
beta��
u u u u u u
Unde
gamma � �
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 /",.. 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
incepe
Amplitudine sciizuta gamma Amplitudine inalta gamma
medita1ia
profunda
4.11. Amplitudinea undelor cerebrale
Extaz in 5 secunde
7.34
0.00 0.00
-8.14 .S.14
z=4 z=4
Alpha sustinuta
Gamma
--
sporite. 99
• •
l gamma l
Puterea numerelor
Regulile compasiunii
I
1. incepatorii au experienta beneficiilor rapid. Regla
rea amigdalei �i a retelei modului implicit se observa la me
ditatorii incepatori doar dupa 30 de ore de practica realizate
pe durata a 8 saptamani. 124 Medita/ia bazata pe compasiu
l
ne produce schimbari mai mari; in doar 7 ore in total, pe
parcursul a doua saptamani, a fost constatata conectivitatea
crescuta a circuitelor creierului pentru emotii pozitive �i em
patie. Chiar �i 7 minute de bunatate iubitoare pot cre�te dis
pozitia pozitiva �i conexiunea sociala. 125
2. Cei cu 1000 pana la 10000 de ore de meditatie sunt
meditatori de lunga durata, cu practica zilnica, sustinuta
�i probabil ca participa la retreaturi sau cursuri de medita
tie. Ei i�i pot controla atentia, iar mintea ratacitoare a retelei
modului implicit scade. Circuitele creierului pentru reglarea
emotionala sunt intarite, iar hormonii stresului, precum cor
tizolul, scad.
3. Adepfii sunt cei cu peste IO 000 de ore de meditatie
pe durata intregii vieti. Pentru ace�ti 1%, meditatia e lipsita
de orice efort. La ei, controlul atentiei e complet. lnima �i
creierul sunt legate in rezonanta. Functia �i structura cre
ierului continua sa evolueze, iar starile cerebrate specifice
meditatiei le impregneaza viata cotidiana. Starea normala a
creierului devine la ei starea meditativa.
lntensitatea
L ._________ ------,,1
200 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
Caderea pe scara
De vreo 40 de ani sunt prieten cu dr. Andrew Vidich. El medi·
teaza de ciind avea 17 ani �i este unul dintre cei mai inspirationali
mae�tri pe care ii cunosc. A scris doua carti: Love Is a Secret e
despre starile psihologice prin care tree initiatii in calatoria lor catre
uniunea extatica cu divinul, iar Light upon Light descrie lluminarea
pe care ne-o ofera pildele de viata �i cuvintele mae�trilor spirituali re·
numi\i, de la Rumi pana la misticul Sant Kirpal Singh, din secolul XX.
De fiecare data ciind tree prin New York, ma intalnesc cu Andrew �i
petrecem ore in �ir reflectiind la experienta spirituala.
Creierul rn extaz 201
La o superba cea�ca de cafea turceasca la cafeneaua Blank
Slate, I-am intrebat:
- Andrew, cum poti sa intri rapid in cea mai profunda stare
meditativa?
Raspunsul lui m-a surprins:
- Nu ce faci in ora de meditatie conteaza, ci ce faci in cele·
lalte 23 de ore in care nu meditezi.
- Cum a�a?
- Cand e�ti in meditatie, te afli la un nivel de vibratie inalt.
Daca iti pastrezi acel nivel de vibratie sau e�ti cat mai aproape
de el in restul zilei, cand iti incepi urmatoarea meditatie, a doua
zi, e�ti aproape de starea initiala. Dar daca in timpul zilei cobori
mai multe niveluri de vibratie, atunci ai mai multe de urcat ca sa
ajungi din nou la experienta de varf. Ca pe o scara: cu cat cazi mai
jos pe scara, cu atat e mai scazuta rezonanta vibratiei de la care
incepi sa urci din nou cand inchizi ochii sa meditezi a doua zi. Daca
vrei ca a doua zi sa intri in starea de varf imediat dupa ce incepi
meditatia, secretul e sa ramai sus pe scara toata ziua anterioara.
EXERCIJII DE APROFUNDARE
MOLECULA EXTAZULUI
Creierul electrochimic
Moleculele emotiilor
Neurotransmitatorii �i feminismul
in 1952, biochimista Betty Twarog, pe atunci in varsta de
numai 25 de ani, a facut o descoperire uimitoare intr·un laborator
de la Harvard. Nu �tia ca avea sa modifice cursul medicinei �i sa
devina .,punctul de pornire al revolutiei antidepresive" 139•
Twarog incerca sa rezolve una dintre enigmele �tiintifice for
mulate de Ivan Pavlov (faimos pentru cainele care saliveaza) in dis
cursul sau de acceptare a Premiului Nobel din 1904. 140 El specula
cu privire la ce ar putea cauza contractiile musculare ale tractului
digestiv. Twarog a descoperit neurotransmitatorul serotonina. La
vremea aceea, teoria �tiintifica sustinea ca exista doar doi neuro
transmitatori in corpul uman: acetilcolina �i epinefrina.
Nu cu mult timp inainte, Abbott Pharmaceuticals sintetiza
se o molecula denumita 5-hidroxitriptamina. Au fost trimise probe
mai multor oameni de �tiinta, printre care �i mentorului lui Twarog,
John Welsh, cu speranta ca oamenii de �tiinta sa-i gaseasca o
intrebuintare. Serotonina, forma in care se gase�te in natura 5-hi
droxitriptamina, fusese anterior identificata in alte parti ale corpu
lui uman: in intestin (in 1935141 ) �i in sange (in 1948).
212 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
Serotonina: neurotransmitatorul
sentimentului de bine
HO
OH
HO NH2
�
H04
Creierul orgasmic
N==o
5.18. Singurul mod pentru a obtine cele mai placute substante neurochimice
care iti umbla prin creier toate in acela�i timp este starea de curgere extatica
pe care o atingi in meditatia profunda
Cu cocktailul la pachet
La fel ca drogurile
Hamlet pe ha�i�
Era oare William Shakespeare drogat ciind �i-a scris nemuri·
toarele piese �i sonete?
De ciind un studiu publicat in South African Journal of
Science a pus problema acestei posibilitati, au tot aparut �i dispa
rut controverse de-a lungul timpului cu privire la aceasta intrebare.
Antropologa Francis Thackeray, de la Universitatea Witwaters·
rand, �i colegii ei au folosit o tehnica de investigare medico-le
gala, spectrometrie de masa cu cromatografie pe gaz, pentru a
analiza fragmentele a 24 de pipe de tabac din secolul al XVII-lea
din Stratford-upon-Avon, inclusiv ciiteva gasite in gradina lui
Shakespeare.212 Cercetatorii au descoperit canabis in 8 dintre pro·
be, in eel putin 1 au gasit nicotina, iar in 2 probe, cocaina peruvi·
ana. Profesorul Thackeray a constatat ca ,,patru dintre pipele cu
canabis proveneau din gradina lui Shakespeare".
246 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
Forta dependentei
Dependenta de fericire
EXERCIJII DE APROFUNOARE
6.1. ldeea ca fiziologia (exercitiul fizic) poate deveni anatomie (mui,chi mari)
a fost inteleasi cu mii de ani in urmi.
Prapastia translationala
Progresia starilor
Trasaturi modificate
Hipocampul
Talamusul
mai mult eram tentat sa vad daca are vreun efect. A�a ca o voi
incerca eu insumi timp de doua luni... Ca sa iau in serios meditatia,
am nevoie de dovezi solide ca imi schimba in bine creierul''.
in acest scop, Phillips a contactat o echipa de la Universitatea
Monash, condusa de dr. Neil Bailey, profesor de psihologie biologica,
�i dr. Richard Chambers, psiholog clinician, pentru a realiza o serie
de testari ca sa-i evalueze memoria, timpii de reactie �i capacitatea
de concentrare. Pe baza imaginilor RMN, ei au masurat �i volumul
fiecarei regiuni din creierul lui, mai ales zonele implicate in memorie
�i invatare, controlul motor �i reglarea emotiei.
Dupa 2 saptamani de la inceperea noii rutine, Phillips s·a simtit
mai capabil sa faca fata provocarilor profesionale �i celor din viata
personala. Dupa 8 saptamani, spunea ca ,,observa stresul, dar nu e
absorbit de el''. Rezultatele obiective demonstrate de a doua runda
de teste au aratat ca a devenit mai bun in sarcinile comportamen·
tale, de�i creierul lui prezenta mai putina activitate. Cercetatorii au
explicat cum creierul ii devenise mai eficient, facand o treaba mai
buna cu un consum mai mic de energie. Testele de memorie i s-au
imbunatatit. T impul de reactie i se redusese aproape la jumatate
de secunda - imbunatatire ce poate face diferenta dintre viata �i
moarte cand un pieton pa�e�te in fata ma�inii tale!
Cercetatorii au fost deosebit de interesati de girusul lui din·
tat, deoarece acesta ajuta la reglarea emotiei din alte paqi ale
creierului �i exercita controlul asupra retelei neregulate a modului
implicit. Volumul celulelor nervoase din girusul lui dintat crescuse
cu un uimitor procent de 22,8%.
Aceasta modificare produsa in creierul lui Phillips indica o
cre�tere dramatica a capacitatii lui de a-�i regla emotiile. Testele
psihologice au demonstrat ca abilitatile cognitive ale lui Phillips
crescusera �i ele cu cateva ordine de marime.
Un sceptic mai putin? La sfar�itul testului sau de meditatie,
Phillips a spus: ,,Hei, sunt impresionat �i cu certitudine ma simt
mai fericit cu creierul meu mai tanar �i mai mare!"
Creierul in extaz 275
Amigdala
Reteaua
' atentiei
'
Plierea creierului
de Achmed Habibi
,;j
__J
Creierul in extaz 281
Joe sa sustina comportamentul imediat. Conectivitatea cres
cuta din aceste regiuni ale creierului ii permit practicantului
sa reduca la tacere vorbaria neincetata a retelei centrarii pe
sine, sa calmeze reteaua modului implicit �i sa obtina spa
tiul mental necesar pentru pacea interioara, ceea ce dimi
nueaza mintea de maimuta, care il scoate pe incepator din
starea meditativa.
Reteaua empatiei
EXERCIJII DE APROFUNDARE
CREIERUL REZILIENT
Cre�terea posttraumatica
_J
\i
Creierul in extaz 293
oamenii care traiesc un eveniment traumatic, dar apoi sunt
capabili sa proceseze �i sa integreze experienta, sunt mai
rezilienti decat cei care nu au experienta unui astfel de eve
niment. Ace�ti oameni sunt chiar mai bine pregatiti pentru
adversitati viitoare.
Cand e�ti expus la un factor de stres �Hi reglezi cu suc
ces reactia de lupta sau fuga a creierului, iti cre�ti conexiu
nile neurale asociate cu gestionarea traumelor, a�a cum am
vazut in CapitoJul 6. Plasticitatea neurala functioneaza in fa
voarea ta. fti mare�ti dimensiunea cailor de semnalizare din
sistemul nervos ce gestioneaza recuperarea dupa stres. Ele te
echipeaza sa faci fata mai bine stresului in viitor, devenind
mai rezilient in fata supararilor �i problemelor vietii.
Timpul vindecarii
perete abdominal
intestin subtire
Oglinda focului
de Christine Church
EXERCIJII DE APROFUNDARE
• Exercitiul de cre,tere posttraumatica 1. Serie in jurnal
numele celor mai rezilienti oameni pe care ii cuno�ti personal. Pot ti in
j
.�
Creierul in extaz 311
viata sau decedati. Sunt oameni care au trecut prin tragedii �i au ie�it
din ele intregi. Trece-ti in program sa petreci timp in luna urmatoare cu
eel putin doi dintre cei aflati in viata. Asculta pove�tile lor �i permite-i
inspiratiei sa te umple.
• Exercitiu de reconsolidare neurala. Saptamana aceasta,
dupa o meditatie deosebit de profunda, savureaza experienta. Seteaza
un cronometru �i lasa-ti suticient timp, 15-30 de minute. Vizualizeaza-ti
sinapsele cum se cupleaza in timp ce tu le stimulezi deliberat reamintin
du-ti starea de deliciu din meditatie.
• Exersarea alegerilor. Fa 10 fotocopii ale ilustratiei 7.4, cea
cu cele doua u�i. Apoi, analizeaza in ce domenii din viata ta faci adese
ori alegeri negative: in intalnirile online cu un coleg enervant de la ser
viciu, in alegerile alimentare, filmele la care te uiti etc. Lipe�te o copie
a ilustratiei cu cele doua u�i pe monitor, pe frigider, televizor. Ea te va
ajuta sa-ti reaminte�ti, cand e�ti stresat, ca ai puterea sa alegi.
• Exercitiul pentru cre,tere posttraumatica 2. Noteaza in
jurnal un eveniment din trecut care te-a facut sa suferi profund. Acum,
scrie o lista de moduri in care acel eveniment te-a ajutat. Nu e nevoie
de multe detalii; doar cateva cuvinte sunt suficiente. De pilda, sub titlul
,,Divort ingrozitor" poti sa treci ,,(al m-a facut sa con�tientizez valoarea
economiilor bane�ti, (bl am devenit mai bun la identificarea dezastrelor
potentiale, (cl am gasit un terapeut minunat care ma sustine de atunci,
(dl am descoperit cine sunt prietenii mei adevarati" etc.
De la supravie\uire la extaz
Atentia selectiva
J
Creierul Tn extaz 315
l.
Am sfar�it prin a-mi cumpara o casuta veche in satul Soreze,
la marginea ora�ului Toulouse. Era cea mai ieftina casa din sat.
Dar era inconjurata de floarea-soarelui. Era ca o bijuterie frumoasa
I care-mi cazuse in mana dupa toata experienta urata a bolii Lyme.
Cand stateam in mijlocul campului, pictand floarea-soarelui, sim
team ca o infuzie de lumina galbena imi impregneaza corpul. Mi-am
i plinit viziunea din copilarie. M-am vindecat.
__ : �
Superputerea ta de fiecare zi
8.3 . ... dar se diferenJiaza de-a lungul anilor ;;i mulJi arata chiar diferit
la viirsta de 60 de ani. De;;i cronologic au aceea;;i viirsta, unii gemeni
sunt biologic la 11 ani distanJa unul de altul.
J
Creierul in extaz 325
• Din 1909, coeficientul de inteligenta (IQ) a inregis
trat cre�teri in toate regiunile lumii, in medie cu 3
puncte pe deceniu.
• Din 1960 �i pana azi, rata saraciei din America, ma
surata ca nivel de venit, a scazut la aproape jumata
te. 302 Masurata in functie de ceea ce consuma oamenii,
a scazut la 90%.
• Emisiile de carbon raportate la produsul intern brut
au scazut cu peste 50% in ultimii 50 de ani.
• Munca minorilor, mortalitatea infantila, mortalitatea
matema �i violenta domestica au scazut toate la nivel
global.
• Proportia la nivel mondial a oamenilor fara acces la
aer �i apa curate aproape s-a injumatatit in ultimul
deceniu.
Speranta de viata
Oceania
Europa
70 ani it:_ Americile
Asia
Global
60 ani
50 ani
40 ani
20 ani
10 ani
O ani
1770 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2018
OurWorldData.rog/life-expectancy • CC BY-SA
Sursa: Reily 12005), Clio infra 12015) �i Divizia pentru Popula\ie, DNU 12019)
Nota: Arata perioada speran\ei de viata la na�tere, numarul mediu de ani ai duratei de viata a unui
nou-nascut daca tiparul mortalitatii din anul na�terii ar ramilne constant pe toata durata vietii lui.
8.6. Speranta de viata pe regiuni ale lumii din 1770 pana in 2018
7 miliarde
6 miliarde Numarul
de oa-
5 miliarde meni care
nu sunt
4 miliarde -in saracie
extrema
3 miliarde
Numarul
2 miliarde de oa-
meni care
traiesc in
1 miliard saracie
-extrema
1900 1950 2000 2015
OurWorldData.org/extreme-poverty • CC BY-SA
Sursa: World Poverty in Absolute Numbers OWID - bazat pe rapoartele Bancii Mondiale (2016)
�i Bourguignon & Morisson (2002)
8.7. Nivelul de saracie la nivel mondial din 1820 pana in 2015
Creierul in extaz 327
...-����----!,20%
20%-1---������������.- ..
............ ...
.
8.8. Rata analfabetismului la nivel mondial, injumatatita din 1970 piina in 2015
I
_J
Creierul in extaz 329
omului, din 1871, el scria: ,,Compasiunea va cre�te prin se
lectie naturala; comunitatile in care membrii au eel mai mare
grad de compasiune vor prospera eel mai mult..."303
O cercetare �tiintifica la scara larga a identificat mai
multe moduri in care compasiunea a jucat un rol in evolutie:
dintre stramo�ii no�tri indepartati, ,,probabil ca mai multi
preferau sa se imperecheze cu parteneri capabili de com
pasiune - proces care cu timpul avea sa duca la cre�terea
tendintelor catre compasiune la nivelul bagajului genetic";
sentimentul de compasiune confera un avantaj evolutionist
unei societati pentru ca ,,permite relatii de cooperare cu
altii, care nu sunt asemanatori". 304 Societatile care valorizea
za compasiunea prospera mai mult. Procesul s-ar putea sa fi
dus la accelerarea evolutiei inca din vremurile preistorice.
Nu ne aflam doar intr-un salt in timp. Cu creierul nos
tru nou, care simte compasiunea, s-ar putea chiar sa cream
noi saltul in timp. in urmatoarea mea carte �i intr-o serie de
articole �tiintifice, voi explora implicatiile acestei ipoteze pe
fiecare fafeta a eforturilor umane, de la educatie pana la me
dicina, legislatie, �tiinta, afaceri, tehnologie �i arta.
80
t- -
60
·;;;
··�= 40 -+ i-
''........
·! 20
�
8.12. Schimbari ale nivelului oceanului planetar intre 1993 �i 2019
, 1'
j
Creierul in extaz 335
in Capitolul 4, am observat cre�terea cu 490% a capacitatii
de rezolvare a problemelor pe care o produce creierul in ex
taz. Specia noastra are �anse mult mai mari de supravietuire
daca ne folosim de aceasta capacitate, de 5 ori mai mare
fata de cadrul mental al creierului omului primitiv, care ne-a
adus in pragul extinctiei.
In cartea mea De la minte la materie dedic aproape un
intreg capitol ramurii �tiintei numite ,,emergenta", modul
spontan in care apare ordinea in sistemele complexe.
Contagiunea emotionala
Efecte de camp
°N 7.S 40
·e.=
6.S
s.s
"'
u
"'
'"'
i' I I I ll
I
3.S
.l!!
--
Creierul in extaz 341
globale, deschidem calea pentru un viitor complet diferit pen
tru planetii.
EXERCITII DE APROFUNOARE
•'
Postfata
'
·,
Creierul in extaz 345
Motivele suferintei
9.2. Cand e�ti in mintea locala, atat de multe lucruri par importante...
Transmiterea rezonantei
Deblocarea poten\ialului
Capitolul I
I Studies of Tibetan monks with tens ofthousands of hours of practice: Brewer,
J.A., Worhunsky, P.O., Gray, J.R., Tang, Y.Y., Weber, J., Kober, H. (2011),
,,Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode ne
twork activity and connectivity", Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 108(50), pp. 20254-20259.
Capitolul 2
2 Rinpoche, T.D. (2008), Great perfection, volume JI: Separation and break
through, Ithaca, NY, Snow Lion.
3 Newberg, A. Waldman, M.R. (2017), How enlightenment changes your brain:
The new science of transformation, New York, NY, Penguin.
4 Greeley, A. (1974), Ecstasy: A way of knowing, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
5 Greeley, A. (1975), The sociology of the paranormal: A reconnaissance,
Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.
6 Spilka, 8., Brown, G.A., Cassidy, S.A. (I 992), ,,The structure of religious
mystical experience in relation to pre- and postexperience lifestyles", Inter
national Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2(4), pp. 241-257.
7 Huxley, A. (1954), The doors of perception, Londra, Chatto Windus.
8 Newberg, A., Waldman, M.R. (2017), How enlightenment changes your brain:
The new science of transformation, New York, NY, Penguin.
9 James, W. (1902), The varieties of religious experience, NY, Longman.
10 Hasenkamp, W., Barsalou, L.W. (2012), ,,Effects of meditation experience
on functional connectivity of distributed brain networks", Frontiers in Hu
man Neuroscience, 6, p. 38.
11 Huxley, A. (1947), The perennial philosophy (p. 285), New York, NY, Har
per Row.
12 Massad, S. (2001), ,,An Interview with Byron Katie", Realization, extras
I decembrie 2018, https://realization.org/p/byron-katie/massad.byron-ka
tie-interview/massad.byron-katie-interview.1.htrnl.
13 Newberg, A., Waldman, M.R.(2017), How enlightenment changes your brain:
The new science of transformation, New York, NY, Penguin.
356 DR. DAWSON CHURCH
14 Mulders, P.C., van Eijndhoven, P.F., Beckmann, C.F. (2016), ,,Identifying
large-scale neural networks using fMRI", Systems neuroscience in depres
sion, pp. 209-237, Academic Press.
15 Raichle, M.E. (2014), ,,The restless brain: how intrinsic activity organizes
brain function", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Lon
don. Series B, Biological Sciences, 370 (1668), 20140172, doi:10.1098/
rstb.2014.0172.
16 Dav anger, S. (9 martie 2015), The brains default mode network-what does
it mean to us? The Meditation Blog, accesat in 13 noiembrie 2018, https://
www.themeditationblog.com/the-brains-default-mode-network-whatdo
es-it-mean-to-us.
17 Hughes, Y. (6 octombrie 20I 0), The brains dark energy. National Geogra
phic, accesat in 13 noiembrie 2018, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/
science/phenomena/20I 0/l 0/06/brain-default-mode.
18 Mason, M.F., Norton, M.I., Van Hom, J.D., Wegner, D.M., Grafton, S.T.,
Macrae, C.N. (2007), ,,Wandering minds: T he default network and stimu
lus-independent thought", Science, 315 (5810), pp. 393-395
19 Fox, K.C., Spreng, R.N., Ellamil, M., Andrews-Hanna, J.R., Christoff, K.
(2015), ,,The wandering brain: Meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging
studies of mind-wandering and related spontaneous thought processes",
Neuroimages, 111, pp.611-621.
20 Vatansever, D., Manktelow, A.E., Sahakian, B.J., Menon, D.K., Stamatakis,
E.A.(2017), ,,Angular default mode network connectivity across working me
mory load", Human Brain Mapping, 38(1), pp. 41-52.
21 Gyatso, K. (2008), Introduction to Buddhism: An explanation of the Bud
dhist way of life, Glen Spey, NY, Tharpa.
22 Froeliger, B., Garland, E.L., Kozink, R.Y., Modlin, L.A., Chen, N.K.,
McCJernon, F.J. et al. (2012), ,,Meditation-state functional connectivity
(msFC): strengthening of the dorsal attention network and beyond", Evi
dence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, l- l 0,
doi:IO. l 155/2012/680407.
23 Holze), B.K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S.M.,
Gard, T., Lazar, S.W. (2011), ,,Mindfulness practice leads to increases in
regional brain gray matter density", Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging,
191(1), pp. 36-43.
24 Bradt, S. (2010), ,,Wandering mind not a happy mind", Harvard Gazette, ac
cesat in 15 noiembrie 2018, https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/201Oil I/
wandering-mind-not-a-happy-mind.
25 Killingsworth, M.A., Gilbert, D.T. (2010), ,,A wandering mind is an unhappy
mind", Science, 330 (6006), p. 932, doi:IO. l 126/science.1192439.
26 Leary, M.R. (2007), The curse of the self Self-awareness, egotism, and the
quality of human life, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
27 Sormaz, M., Murphy, C., Wang, H.T., Hymers, M., Karapanagiotidis, T.,
Poerio, G. et al. (2018), ,,Default mode network can support the level of
detail in experience during active task states", Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 115 (37), pp. 9318-9323.
28 Kegan, R. (1994), In over our heads: The mental demands of modern life,
Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
29 Newberg, A. Waldman, M.R. (2017), How enlightenment changes your brain:
The new science of transformation, New York, NY, Penguin.
J
Creierul 1n extaz 357
30 Goleman, D. Davidson, R.J. (2018), Altered traits: Science reveals how me
ditation changes your mind, brain, and body, New York, Avery.
31 Midgette, G., Davenport, S., Caulkins, J.P., Kilmer, B. (2019), What Ameri
ca:� Users Spend on Illegal Drugs, 2006--2016, Santa Monica, CA, RAND.
32 Kotler, S. W heal, J. (2017), Stealing fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy
SEALs, and maverick scientists are revolutionizing the way we live and
work, p. 28, New York, NY, HarperCollins
33 Siegel, R.K. (1998), Intoxication: The universal drive for mind-altering sub
stances, p. 11, Rochester, V T: Park Street.
34 Van Lutterveld, R., Houlihan, S.D., Pal, P., Sacchet, M.D., Mcfarlane-Blake,
C., Patel, P.R. et al. (2017), ,,Source-space EEG neurofeedback links subjec
tive experience with brain activity during effortless awareness meditation",
Neurolmage, 151, pp. 117-127.
35 Tang, Y.Y., Holze!, B.K. Posner, M.I. (2015), ,,The neuroscience of mindful
ness meditation'', Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(4), p. 213.
36 Kotler, S., Wheal, J. (2017), Stealing fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy
SEALs, and maverick scientists are revolutionizing the way we live and
work, New York, NY, HarperCollins.
Capitolul 3
37 Corballis, M.C. (2014), ,,Left brain, right brain: Facts and fantasies", PLoS
Biology, 12(1), doi:I0.1371/joumal.pbio.1001767.
38 Audesirk, T., Audesirk, G. Byers, B.E. (2008), Biology: Life on earth with
physiology, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Pearson Prentice Hall.
39 Newberg, A. Waldman, M.R. (2017), How enlightenment changes your brain:
The new science of transformation, New York, NY, Penguin.
40 Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B. Layton, J.B. (2010), ,,Social relationships and
mortality risk: A meta-analytic review", PLoS Medicine, 7(7), eI000316.
41 Rudd, M., Vohs, K. Aakers, J. (2011), Awe expands people's perception of
time, alters decision-making, and enhances well-being, Psychological Scien
ce, 23( I0), pp. 1130-1136.
42 Newberg, A. Waldman, M.R. (2017), How enlightenment changes your brain:
The new science of transformation. New York, NY, Penguin.
43 Koontz, K. (2018), Listening in with Jill Bolte Taylor, Unity, ianuarie/fe
bruarie, accesat in 9 decembrie 2019, http://www.unity.org/publications/
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