' .'1tli\.

li'\ilar

. ,,/-\a, tt i;li-t.t, Ion TIJDOR

: ..-,lJirile Comisieri
''..'r .{eeasta si-a

ffife otfcd
olgebr6, geometrie
. Modslitfiti de lucru dif erenfiote
. Pregdtire suplimentord prin plonuri individu qlizate

CcrieL de lucru
Fartea X

Editio o V-o,
revizuitd

I -
ultji c[ pentnr re e N, c e n Qfl.
n <BAC :- <B CA, de unde rezult[ Cuprins
CD - AB aD
rr. urin unnare
2 - 2' .

= 30'.'2
deci AE : 49. prin urmare
TESTE DE EVA-LUARE TNTTTALA ...............5
C: 180', deci <AtsC : 60' (5p);
AI,GEBR;.
'lB : 30", deci <ACts : 90o, prin
Caprrorur, I. Mur,'Inml NLMERELoR RL{L
l: +, rearlti cdAc:-EC, prin Leclia l. R[d[cina pltratE a p[tratului unui numir tratural. Estimarea ridacinii pltrate
2 dintr-un numEr ra1ional......... .....................8
Lec\ia2. Scoaterea factorilor de zub radical. Introduceta farronior srrh radiut; .-......- -.-.- ....I l
u (5p). 5. 90" (5p). 6. x:30 (5p). Leclia 3. Numere iralionale. Mullimea numerelor reale ..----.-.... - ---- -.. -. .... . i 5
Lec\ia 4. Modulul unui numdr rea1............... " .i
d.a.il, = -f (5p); b) x : Lec{ia5.Comparareagiordonareanumerelorreale.............
Lec\ia 6. Reprezentarea numerelor reaie pe axa numerelor prin aproximiri lo
:90"
Teste de evaluare sttrmativd .--.------,--.----iO
lBO: <ACO (2p); <BAC + Fi;d pentru portofoliul elevului........ .....-......-.....-.-..--lI

): 2R (2p); AD = : R (tp);
Do
Lec\ial. reaIe.............
Adunarea qi sc[derea nurnerelor .-.---.-.-...33
Leclia 8" inmuliirea numerelor reaie................ ...........................37
DA,pnnurmareR -- tu: 2Ji cm Lectia 9 . Puterea cu exponent numbr inheg a numerelor reale .......".... ............42
ha: doco, deci rR ' AE : R . DF, Lecfia i0. impS4irea numerelor reale................ ...........................46
)F,pin ummf,e <AOB + <COD: Lecfiall.Rafioralizareanumitoruluideforma oJi;o,6eQ, a*0,b>0........................51
Teste de evaluare sumativd ......,....."....56
Me OB qiDlf I OA,Ne OAqi
Fi;d pentru portofoliul elevului........ .........,..............58
)- Lec\ia 12. Media aritrnetic6 qi media aritmetic[ ponderatd a /, numere reale, n>2 ............"..6A
Lec(ia 13. Media geometric[ a doud numere reale pozitive
5- EF : 12 cm (5p). 6" 25 an (5p). ......"...64
Lec\ial4. Ecualia de formax2: a, unde a e IR...."....... .............""..67

- -5 e Zl:D.4.r = 4J;1 Teste de evaluare.sumatittd ......"..........10

h-i;dpentru porto|oliul elevului....,... ... . .',')
l Probleme din reolitutr:tt coticlictnd.... ...... ^.1.i
- = 0.28, prin urmate rotunjind la
GEOME'f,RIE
BF: 90' (3p); +IBF. -- 180' (2p); Caprrolur. L PATRULATERT-iL
= 9 darn (2p) Si BF: 5 dam (2p); Lec{ia I" Patnrlaterul convex......... ..... ............. ..76
t )p) 2. a) <GAP:90o
- 67o30' : 2. Paralelogramui .................
T-,ectria .........80
I-ec1ia 3. Linia nrillocic in triunghi. ... ... . ....,a,4
CG AF, prin urmaro punctul G
- Lea1ra4. Centrul rle greutate al tliunghiului............... .... .......... . .88
G r-?); c) BG : BF (2p); MBG = 'feste de et'aluare sumtrli,,d . ........92
Fiqd pentn.t portofoliul clewlui........ .94
Leclia 5. Dreptunghiul .. . ......,.9()
Lcelia 6. Rombu1."...... ." ".. ...1i)0
Lec[iai. Patr:atul ..... 1():-t
l-este de eyatluale surruiivd. " .1U8
Figii pentru Ttorlo.folit.rl el.etttlui..,..... .. . lilr)
Lec{ia tl. Trapezul. Trapezul isoscel.......... ....". ... ......1 1 i
t-ec{ia 9. Linia mijlocie in trapez.... IIi
ZLI "" " ""' ""' RrirsN|rdsYr{ Is uiv3IoNI
89I """""'Y'[VTtrrSsr lfs fluvn1Y^fl flo srsuJ,
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a9 t "'"""""""
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Igt
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'""" p^tlokttls ilonlD^a ap als'a,I
691""""" ""'
'"""'""""lnlntsip t?tre tAmlrtr,r;r rrerut8unl'91 e(ce-1
991""""""'
aS i
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i"n1 """"""" "Jrcr un ?l .IolJolxe louud un*llulp cprs8ue3, 'y1 u{ce1
itl ""-"""""' ll-rcc tit cr:a tA apluo;-y 'g1 etfco'1
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f ET""'
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r_)t 1
a: l """ "
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Ii I """"""" ltlrleurlra;
 6 I8 il i-d[=Ef = a[,0 =2N rc\
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I I :--- =. .--.--11 {P
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o(
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: ("
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or- nl
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'q:T rcunls'N =q'7Q:D ?cBtr'I
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mrd eldeds 1ieteldruo3 .g 'tI : lIt-l: .fit-)A :6t: ,6Y :9: ,91 :elduexs
IA € :"""": gq_tl G 'lll : urgtoN'lgl 1eryeu In-Igrrmu
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r(e) 7E
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7Q
: o pc eeleleudord nc g- 16 g r8e4ul ererrmu
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_J
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r 1nleurpJec rfuuruueleg .g
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 3. Determinafi cardinalul mulfimii A: {n e N|5. Ji < A}.
Salulie:
5< J;
< 6, deci 25 <n< 36, deunderezultd A: t2G,27,2g,29,30,31,32,33,
34, 35, 36), prin unnare card A trL. :
BEALE
g gtiu sE rezolv
unui
de dificultote minimd
trate
1 . Ar[tati c[ urrndtoarele numere naturale sunt pitrate perfecte:
a) i5 == ............;t) 36: .........,; c) 49: ..........; d) 64: ; e) 8l :

0iti{i urn:Stoarele propozi{ii:

I :lst6 un numdr naturatr b. a) J1i =,5; tl JGE l:; == ct dicr =,tq: of JriT --q.
Stabili{i valoarea de ailev6r a unnltoarelor propozilii:

:ertect. aturlci exista doua a) 6fi"=,0' L] b) v[-et=rq; =a1; L]L_] *1 ,/+r-

,r) i(-.3)' =l-31 ==3 ;l__] *l Jcr:tt= -13 ;f---l 0 .F'r=|.-sl =s .n
Calculaii:
rri.cr (a: b2, b (= z) este
,7
u) rTo b) .JE c) v5o .t) J-+q :......; q JA:.......;

CorlrpletaJi spafiile punctate cu r[spunsul corect:

")
.iA lf -= . i b) J?-zil .) -F5e,' o J-l?f
T)eterminali mullirlile:
/-1-
:t! { = lx e Zl Vx' =7 } :...............: b)B: lx e Zl J7=8) :... .. ........;

(:) (- =.= l.t' eZ| ,? = 29 ) --.. ....... .; .t)D: {xeZl {-f:=67):

L-alcula{i:
a) vTr, + j55 ; b) ,tE4 -.,144 ; ")
.,66 + {Bt ; 0 .iA +Jx; H
(,
I

")JBr rT6 ...... .; DJiZ-J-a+:

l{
(,
Calculati: o
=r9- =9. to
(,
,) (jr5-J*) t) ,[j,^,(rE-Jrs6); c) 1144,(J4,-Jioe); \)
"/ino;
.a

: ,t) vTG UA-Jloo) : l<i

.9
F
o
r E
q!
Statrilili valoarea de adevar a propoziliilor:
g
!
l
_
\\ r<
16

-J
4
_:
)
ut
!
l-{-=?(),
8l
i-i
'- o,
lfr=l, r ,,,
JH
= , L:l ,, J-f =} n €
9
 .0011\-t[,. OI
!!I-_Qf[,, ,]:1l,\-I'\,p
2! J - 18 6J 18/ :l 6r, o
=
+
'i--1itd EI rtllmUoH :s (dt) li1\ tr,[ ,q 1t \ ,r, o
,{[o u. 'lii- '-o-l*
rl r' 3
o
-.r' :tLlr riEurtujals(J(dt) L --!J -!l ! -i-/ L
:riepo1e3 o
o(
;,\-!!f : , c)
,f iu q,64=x (p (c (Q o
f_:yt =r t_qt = \ (? (A
:{u1nc1e3 'r (d€) '4121_.-1 :IJnZes als.lEol o
o
-guxn uI 'b > r-> 11 e:ec ru1uad b r$ d e,trlncoslroJ olcJnlr]rJ o[oJOtuIIt.! tfeutuuele6 (tt
:i.tLt tsttttd I DpJoJD ast H
'L6l="(p :t1r^=r(r :1gl=r(q iE;1=x(e HI
a
:eir.rnzus urLl eJureu
urlD^a ap +saa Lr!'u > r > ru oru: nrlued tt tl ur elllricosllol -l[t]-rl1+€u sl.Jeulnu deutrtuela6l (l
d+uau P+ou a2 '{s> :;7(c
Il >tli'.1 )u\ ==il(.P :{r, g'>tIU =r,il
r 'p > )qDtLl\ pBC 'gZ :1r, lf >zlzu=r)-s(q :12,, !!l' >tlX tu'r--yr(u
: e utturela6
lturt | 1nu-i tie
psnpord IlrolceJ e4urp 1nrm
(:g1r -g!q^) yyl:u(F :nJy'tWSt+6s5|):a(c
ilpsnpord ?reprsuoo eS 'tZ
:(%!'- yqP, y7g' .= a (q :qqf , (2sel + e1E1) =. a 1e
'.ttnzei oia.Ipolptutfl rII '/l lulnleu tninJQtunu u g1e4pd suI'JqF,pJ rfu1nc1u3
'_21r;"q + a,v u (.P :qqrrn,m-ligft:u1c
.>\ ,- l?Z I
____r. (u
['- wqt :
,, .llJ -' -:, (q - Ip!,n u Lt^. --. r/ (u
'q2r gl\ + l9/' '!ry.
:'.',i ltiu 1a: riuurruraleg :ttrrzvx elr)Juorplrun oI 'tl [Plnleu Inltt-l1?u]1ttt u prerlqd ulIlsEpPJ llu1no1u3
-t :X; u'Eg,vr (q :g tz'l'ff (e
:L i I

"N 31_g!,t (p lg rr'gf (c

= = =
- '-- j'0:(8)t'rl i (P :eruc niluad u lnuau IuJl-l;xu .lquJnu 3IIII tetl.t 1ec ttculuualeg
:rf u1nc1e;-t
'(s)!'r :plz'g_t_C tr :(r)tl_._tgA ("
tl tu :(i)e'o g'El (3 (*
: qllJi'rf (p :
@ (q
: (ql 0_2[_04 oll$
-:::At vv'11 :u(e \r)J_1_91 '-(e)
:l!e1nc1u;;
,.i
-': r,l )uvl 4elpiv
,
.LJ![ ,, 4[ t, ,41[ rp [z-,[ t, 4l tq llf , 1,
:r(e svi ' '
tll " 2q :a _t! l3
:rfelnclee tode t$
elrrqcr3riduls Iglui deqoe;g teru
',:', ir! .r pc
I rielqry au a+D+Jnf!,!P aP au?lqoJo !s
=
'rU/\--18 1\l
r1\ L!rr-'- al )"
a \ 6'l\
_ :/\'1, ?J ,/\ 1, :----l'(q
ni LIIi )tl
,)
!1 !
:r)e1nc1u3
 Calcula{i:
T ( li f4s-(*.J'
tq--t .o' lf r /roo ,E /t\
")Vt;'lVo*r/; V;t 'i i/ o - il l; - V;*.,J '
( l22s l----
fnt I/,:+s )l. ( F(,q tst tei't tl
o'.
,-r
"lVsr !-lo Vlo.,/ !t
nl I /-- !
*illi
l{td-liloo )"1;;
l Ar6ta{i c6.x e Ql in unnhtoarele cazuri:

I I-'c /s r /.s i. /l: r /. /.

--
\+h
--
A
r--==
Il /)
I
a)y:
1/r.,/i;'Vu-[,
0,,:,/fr ,j,-i _; . c) i V;'i.*r/,*|
Ir+q

" !s?z
= Ar[ta1i c5" n e N in urmdtoarele
: 1TC rl-zii+f-:,;:
cazun:
at, br,,: y2Jn+1o.zo-.,7.r?
-l , ar f ;s.rLat ,

6 ,. Calculafi:
h) {4,5.1,3(8) .

.h) [-=- t4o-l

-ri i-il, jo +,
J0"8(3) : t.z
= -:. a) Jao'rr e x" |

:a,,lat.-1e caztrri: Detcrminati cel mai rnic nun.riir tahrral nenul n, pentru care :

l-.'-+JT6s: fL; € a;
fs6
b) ,/-:'- g t0.
;-..Iq--.r/lfi.
a)
{ri V z' 7.5

:-i -.r,.ti'ele cazut|. me de,dif icultote

- , ,., :S6 - "lt9( y Seconsiderdprodusuip -L'2 '3'4'5 6 7' 8.9. l0. Estcposibiica?nlocuincl
- ,., ls9 -Jrxl Lrnul dintre factr:rii proclusuluip cu o cifrS sd avem
Jp e N'"/ Justifica{i rispunsutr.
t _ r___=_

= -,
:< ji.sl; Dr"i ./z-ra.6r, e N. ar'Irair ca ,lJ7; - j; + b"; .!..b - e ) l. uridc \). tt .9.
r-
= l-l(Vrt <5i. Ce notd merit?
:Jninr cat,-" m <- x <- n, i11
Test de evoluore stodiold
(t
' d),r=/o+. Se acordd I puncl din ttficht"
I
l-{
H
ffincarep 1x17,inurm[- g
,3p) Calculafi: o
vt
i ; d) x=fi9,8
") (JioT
+
"la+\,
js ; r,) Ge
-",,t-oo); ") v147,(f r -,t21).
(J'o
q
qJ
rcj
r3p) Determina(itnullintea E-= I,n e N l:5. Jir .:tr) siprecizali carclinaigl ei. .9
{-
o
t.1p) Rot*nji1i Ia prirna
^.',1iy,,r,ffi,,'
E
q)
+o
friT.r 5
': tia '{ i; - i *a i:ir'2'o'8(3)

il
 :!^s :,,rrS 91y :r(c : (p : sg-l/\ (, :ggN (q : (e
!!l\ !tl\ 'g
:lscrper qns ep ruotceg tiePocg
'- a
ltE : tt* gte :x (e =
. :""""""""" (" :""""""""" 8zlf (P
ar eleJorunu rieredulo3 g1 oE/'G !l,N =
(. :""""""'"""' gIA @ =
i
(q :""""""""" 4f
lf =qIAe 0 til '2
:Iecrp€r qns ep rut lcgl Pceoog =
1!T=!lr (e
[ s" (c 1e
1" i ,= tu (e l
lruqrunu 4euuruetreg .71 E _,-78 = .El jl,!f A, tz: €..21 :
iyfa=wf ..rolltNra<ielord u rp.tepe ep seJeolE.\ Iill1q'J-i :
@
-t
H
igfo=Wf@
tr In-rprunu rieuruuelog . ps n!+S
11 q,
: (e
^lozar
G orVt
: Z'_Af - = " -= (9
(q :FW @ r 1!r - < r.l9- irop 's4-l- =, !__g-1'."- -L^
t- ilf'^ -[19--
qns ep ilrotosJ 4elrocg .g1 "_Q.?.Jn='ll-flt== 9l (e
: .f.i";, i._l/^f l)rp'111="J,_94-- f
.-[f ::: I,[!- :9u='51,t2
0 :gg1n (e :allnpg
'€rr5:- t$ gr9- (q : rlr r* (B
(q : qglr (e !1Az
.5 : elcloLUnu rft: udurol;
rqns ep Jlroto?.1 rfotruorg
== = t AE - (o
G :yr_ (e !|l- - =_{y/t - _[_,,!t-
: == 51g (u
[q :grr (e _8Il ='i'e]l = |:tl = qN, (q ' !.if = l.'61, = l_r.l
r qns qrotcuf riecnpo4ul :;tlln11og
'g
" t trc-(t : Elu (q : sAt (0
G :g^s (e
:lu)Ip?J qns tlrolc€J tfscnPo4ul '7
[q :ys @
@:!lt=9']!l @
r qns rlrotoe.I {eonpo.r1u1 .2 '[i'1r:[.7tU'.=f 'e['rZt= 80lA (3:-S/Z= t el'=Wf
E 'EOr (' I {l_(:l (q ("
' I_i!l
!""" = ZA0I (€ :[uJlpul qns ap ttJ()t.1u.I 11r]uoc{
i ::i irinlcrU ri;ronporlul
4pa;$o as un?
=,= qr[e (p O
'0;a V tS g > L, prelr "
-- tn yf- =.:!i\r) .
: Jfrs iuolJEJ lislnptulul
!l; '0 ( q '0 ?a n nlgp' q^'n '
:!{_l'=
='1-l,r\h it :xaJlst? oseJ es ll;illpBr qlts r In[nJo]JEI BaIaJnporluJ
!-"-i . (i < ,/
ifi :p u.-1ruoltn illltluiS ']y i r i .= _li,r/' :lo+ls1r )'")ilj .Js [ErIpBJ qns ap ,, rnlnro]rEJ u.urlBoJs
u!$a"r ;S osal;2
O
{x?OrIpt3"r qns #oIr"frol|cBJ Ea.racnporlul
: ii A (a "{r?,.}rpB.r qns op r()[{rt}lcBJ Ea.ralBocs 'z Br}caT
dic;r1. r') V /-) i 0 Jao; s) J%; h) Jt8.
d)

h)

' = -; l, , /,r ,1 {^t. Stabilili valoarc:a de adevdr a unndtoarelor propoziqii:

; U
'7
a) a.,iiJ .= Gr r 5; [__j b) --5vT = 'l_o ; c) -5rD =-n'5t; []
Inlt:duceli factorii sub radical:
at 1.'5 ........., b) 3r/2 "........; c) 216 =

<j; n",[j .".,....; e) a",'-5 ,."..."...; 0 5,[ :

Inlr'oducr:fi flactrri i sutr radical:
ct lOvB d) l0{? :

Intrr:drmeli f.actor ii suh radical:

. -r:
AJ filJ: b) 5",G; c) eJ2 d) aJ7:
;
'/v5; . -t=
e) 5 V'{r I I 8l ovl; h) 5J7.
lntrtrtluccti tactorii sub radical:
n ,1 -4 ,"[j; b) -s!rt; c1 -2{i: cl)-3.,5;
. -- l-:'
c) -. /Vlt rr -vJ6; gt -'s.'/B'; h) -6J7
9. Snoateti factorii de sutr r:adical:
a) il{rg; u) Jru; o) Jui; d,r J2E;
e) .itstl ; f) v-iz:; s) ,[80 ; t') Jiqz
10" Sconteti f'act<lrii de sub radical:
a1 .,fi+5; b) J:oo;
")
+:ZO; a;) Jxi;
e) J/20; fl v388; s) J5?5; h) vGas-.
f)cternrina{i ntuulirul natural cr, ;tiind cd:
t=: r:
= oJi ;
I
a) J"l{) =rV) . b) c) J45=a16; l+
"163 l{
d) ./i-o,i =,rrft I e) nq,tl = nJi ; O .,Il:a =uJi. r5

c) .6'; = sJ7.E L)etr:mirruli nnrn&nll naturol n din urmltoarele egalitdli:

-. _ t': F-
vt
(,
a) a.6 =Ji; b) :VO =Vr i c) 7"{i =.[, ; G
)c'
qJu: )
d) 6./io =Jn; e) :./r.s ='[i; D z'tn =J;. "!)
#
q
Cornpalafi numerreJe reaie x y in urmdtoarele cazuri: E
0Jso: qi
#o
rj
at.r"= ?J3 rr.y,.= lJL; l>).v: Z.,tT $y= -lr5; €
il lii; c ).r: -- { vF 9i r, ,. S16 I d).o -- q..6 li y -- s.,tq .
 rJ:reoep ls .
VT
tl ./ .v - g\
'llAf = ?!:y! pc pur4S '0 < q < o' qD lBtnTcu [nrEIUnu tiuutuuelac @t) B
l,t!':
-t\-l -.t-.t A:r)
t!t- u(Ll o
+
' yt!t ea1u1t1u3o tiuriturale(l
3oI3.t8 erec rulued a Iurrl]?rl trlLlElrrnu @t) o
:a$nps LtSl=
(r o
-+
: irr (q :91's @
- r7 Illrgurnu PJeprsuoc 3s
2Aot C)
:lEOrpB"r qns rr.loiruJ {ecnporrul (11
o(
@ : silz (q :951' @ o-
(A
lll =."t4 = "Ltl !l-i^- ('
:atfn1og :leorper qns ep ruolcp,J yiaieocs 1t. (dt) o
(e
H
:0 e,49r H!
'np1/b utp tctrnd
I Dpro)D aS o
:pc .Z
ielpry
ocereoep'(y; (P
'G)!,| PrD'PD+s':l,'ffi
;:"f:j €)
=I!_ql oceruoep'(g) (c
'()<r.:qaoAD+)+q+t)
[sa nu Lereruoep '(y) (q
' + q + D) = Dr * ,_1+ utf rpuoc e3$rra^ arex )-tlo IruEuInu tfeutuueleg
lt: i9l ecer€oep ,(g) (e ?lQ !-_lZ
:a1In7og rr'yrr = yl lo* r'!!\: s (q : 'Lrr =_ry/ l0 * r'?_} =. V Qz
{o {U =,
ili y9,'r (u : ruuriinru irll€rrrpruo riuururela6l
=
r+E ep eereolel limquts .t
4arpo as uln, '.qgll_r.r+r (, : ie+" 1q1;+r (q :$+'_r!1^!jr (n
4uf1nu e4u1 :erfulresqg :rJTlz€J DIeJ€olErrrJn ur I€orpeJ qns op rrJolJp,J 1i.'ltuoog
!)'e[ear JoloJerrmu eeurdpu :-'9t (3 '. (r.,c7 cN(r
l-4 " il
lExrnu eeunfynur puFme1 -c+.-cN (J
: u:---- ('t :: ,-z+' ,,zl\ Q
'gl' :etrduaxs
''J '_t!__u7 :i9*':4f ft
-_____::.-)
:'Igl 'tf :leorpeJ qns ap rrJoloeJ lietuocg
p FqgJ qlurzetdu eo'u leu
';|YZ= : (.a :
6'aluuo{er orerunu elem8 Y:,t'Z{rIt G Zt'lZ=.u !-ylt t'^OZ -- ir"00qA (p
I
: Lj\ZI= u.ZLf {t : t_lrZt'= (q :
lO Dgre1:e$u,rresqg .1:!tA !A0 t = !_:!il, $
= :uetelrlu8e col ilJs o.reo rulued L! letnleu inJgrunu {zurmloleg
fu es apuorfen JoleJorrmu
' prDf + qDl\ rielnclec 'LLlg= qrrt!_f pc purrl$ (q
'6a luuofurl InrprunN
' p.tQoft Ec purrts (r
lr.rlr- r(/r2l tlnJnJlB)'6lfg=
--t
e$at 13 csa1l2 -
-
'q|g-.=f 1/.q- -rqp : : r (c
'r* :J" LtV_ : drS gle-
oIBAr :.( IS
: SA[_- -- ]'(q
l/'9.- : glL-:{rs yfv-:x(e
1 - :_t'
araErnNI'g erfcal :IJnze3 eloJuolqu.Lm u1 ,,t rS x elueJ ele.Iorunu tfe:edruo3
 Lectia
,)t
3. Numere irationale. Multimea numerelor
= :. : -r;
--lr,/). reale
=- : : -r:
-h./\
Citesc gi retin
Num[rul ira{ional este o liacfie zecimalfl iniinit[ gi neperiodicX. ivlullimea
numerelor irafionale se notcaz-A cu litera ]i.

Observagie: Daczi a e Q* gi a * b'l,unde D e Q, atunci J" e l. Acestea nu sunt sin-

,, ,-72., =nt[i ;
gtrrele nurnere iralionale. De cxemplu, in capitolul Cercul vorn intAlni numdrul ilalio-
-, .' 19'2 * =24.,[i .
nal fi, ce reprezint[ cAtr-rl dinlre lungimea cercuJui gi lungirnea diametrului ac!-stl]ie.
Exernple: Jr, Ji, rt[r, Jr1:j , n.
d)
'[l* -lE ; Retrnind mulliLnea nurnerelor ira{ionaie gi rnulliriea nurnerelor ra{ionale se ,.rbl,ine

h) nullimea numereior realc, cale se noteazd cu lR. Prin unnrire, 1R : Q u.r il, : fl ', {(}}.
iar R.'

Obsenvafie: tntre mullinrile N,Z, Q ;i R are loc trip.iziucluziunc: ii lI c Q cR .

Cum se oplic6?
1, Stabilili valoarea de adevdr a propozi{iilor:
n) e I; b) e e n,
") Vb,0l
V-6a lL;
"F
4a*01.1ab =rJ3, re N] . Solulie:
a) (F), deoarece JA =,[st: a
=
q'
.t,-br+i=(a+b+dJi, b) (A), deoarece 7 nu este p;itrat perfect;
T--:-

c)(F). dcorrecc ./o.or = i-I- =t/,c

= l-1-- = -l
*e [J:
'=\/*to
d)(A). dcoarecc ,r-1(4) =,E = jf =
r,T
=1. *
-{rlta{i o[:
o
u) .,f:Jt. Q; ir) ,lZS;. Q. H
H
Solu(ie: o
iti. \/17-'=V.17'
f" -r" ,f;,,, --- . i--:- f r. ,- - o
., -.rf1 12 . =r/(.rz't)'=-tz''e Qrb) V25t'={(s')'' =y(-5:) :5tte u. S
Se consi<lerd numdrul o: ^!l'n -1" . .{rirali cd o e L.
rci
.g
- r 10./o . +(J
Solulie: E
iitrirratr'a J,4i.; =$Jl q)

., :'fin-t'; -
vqp{l : ntzTco-rr
J . I +o
: -: r, *t,o =3Jil. ui(2" )' +x 7o v/4' 3 :. 7o . 4 .

€
"n
. : = + ]u Ji 5i cieoarece ..6 e tr, reztiltacS a e II.
15