Prof.

Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale
1


Funcii raionale simple:
( )
,
n
A
n
x a
-
e

;
( )
2
2
, , 4 0
n
Ax B
n b ac
ax bx c
-
+
e A = <
+ +


Integrarea funciilor raionale simple:





Exemple:
1
ln 3
3
dx x C
x
= + +
+
}
;
5 1
5 5ln 3
3 3
dx dx x C
x x
= = +

} }

Exerciii propuse:
1)
1
1
dx
x +
}
; 2)
1
8
dx
x
}
; 3)
2
1
dx
x
}
; 4)
9
11
dx
x
}
; 5)
3
2
dx
x +
}







Exemple:
( )
( )
( )
2 1
2
2
1
1 1
1
2 1 1
1
x
dx x dx C C
x
x
+

= = + = +
+

} }

( )
( )
( )
( )
5 1
5
5 4
3
7 7 1
7 3 7
5 1 4
3 3
x
dx x dx C C
x x
+

+
= + = + = +
+
+ +
} }


Exerciii propuse:
6)
( )
3
1
1
dx
x +
}
; 7)
( )
2
1
8
dx
x
}
; 8)
( )
7
2
1
dx
x
}
; 9)
( )
3
9
11
dx
x
}
; 10)
( )
9
3
2
dx
x +
}












1
ln dx x a C
x a
= +

}

( )
( )
1
1
1 1 1
, 2
( ) 1 1 ( )
n
n
n n
x a
dx x a dx C n
x a n n x a
+

= = + = >
+
} }

2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
2 2 2 4 2 4
1 2 2 2 2
;... .. 0
b
x
a
dx dx dx arctg C
ax bx c a a
b b
a x x
a a a a a a
a ax b ax b
arctg C arctg C unde
a
+
= = = +
+ + A A A A | | | |
+ + + +
| |
\ . \ .
+ +
= + = + A <
A A A A
} } }

Prof. Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale
2

s-a folosit faptul c dac notm
( ) ( )
( )
1
2
1
b
u x x t u x
a
u x dx dt dx dt
| |
' = + = =
|
\ .
' = =
i atunci
2
2
2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
4
4 4 2 4
1 1
2 2
t
dx dt arctg C
a a a
b
t
x
a
a a a a
t
arctg C
a
a a
= +
A
A A A | |
+
+ +
|
\ .
= +
A A
} }

Exemple:
2 2
2
1
5 1 1 10 2 1
2
5 5
3 11 11 11 11 1 11
4 4 2 4
4 1 12 11
11
x
x
dx dx arctg C arctg C
x x
x
b ac
+
+
= = + = +
+ +
| |
+ +
|
\ .
A = = =
A =
} }


2 2 2
2
1
7 1 7 1 7 1
3
7
3 2 2 3 3 5 5 2 20 1
3 5
6 4 3
7 3 1
3 5 3 5
4 4 24 20
20
x
dx dx arctg C
x x
x x
x
arctg C
b ac

= = = +
+
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .

= +
A = = =
A =
} } }

Exerciii propuse:
11)
2
1
1
dx
x x + +
}
; 12)
2
1
2
dx
x x +
}
; 13)
2
3
2 3 2
dx
x x +
}
; 14)
2
4
5 2 3
dx
x x + +
}








s-a folosit descompunerea
( )( )
1 A B
x a x b x a x b
= +

i pentru a afla A i B folosim metoda
coeficienilor nedeterminai (aducem la acelai numitor i folosim faptul c dac dou fracii egale au
numitorii egali atunci au i numrtorii egali):
( )( )
1 1 1
ln ln
A B
dx dx A dx B dx A x a B x b C
x a x b x a x b x a x b
| |
= + = + = + +
|

\ .
} } } }

Prof. Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale
3

( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 0 1
1
0
1
1 1 1
A B
A x b B x a x x A B bA aB
x a x b x a x b
A B A
A B A B
b a
bA aB bB aB B
B
b a
b a
= + = + + = + +

= =

+ = =



= = =


=




Exemplu:
( )( )
1 1
2 2 1 2 1 1 1
4 4
2 ln 1 ln 3
1 3 1 3 4 1 4 3 2 2
dx dx dx dx x x C
x x x x x x
| |

|
= + = = + +
|
+ + +
|
\ .
} } } }


( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 3 1 0 1 3
1 3
1
0
4
1
3 1 3 1 1
4
4
A B
A x B x x x A B A B
x a x b x x
A B A
A B A B
A B B B B
B
= + = + + + = + +
+

= =

+ = =



= = =


=

Exerciii propuse:
15)
( )( )
1
2 3
dx
x x
}
; 16)
( )( )
1
2 5
dx
x x +
}
; 17)
( )( )
3
4 1
dx
x x +
}
; 18)
( )( )
6
3 7
dx
x x + +
}
























( )( )
( )( )
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1 1
ln ln
4 0 ;
2 2
A B A B
dx dx dx dx dx
ax bx c a x x x x a x x x x a x x a x x
A B
x x x x C
a a
b b
b ac x x ax bx c a x x x x
a a
| |
= = + = +
|
+ +
\ .
= + +
A + A
A = > = = + + =
} } } } }

Prof. Mestecan Cornelia
Clasa a XII-a lic tehnologic Fi de lucru Integrarea funciilor raionale
4


Exemplu:
2
2
2
1 2
2 1 2 1 1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 1 6 3
6
3 2
3 2 3 2
6 5 1 0
5 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 1 1
25 24 1 ; 6 5 1 6
12 12 3 12 12 2 3 2
A B
dx dx dx dx
x x
x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x
| |
|
= = = +
|
+ | || | | || |
|

| | | |
\ .
\ .\ . \ .\ .
+ =
+ | || |
A = = = = = = = = + =
| |
\ .\ .
} } } }

s-a folosit descompunerea
( )( )
1 A B
x a x b x a x b
= +

i pentru a afla A i B folosim metoda
coeficienilor nedeterminai:
1
1 1
1 1
3 2 3 2
A B
x x
x x
= +
| || |


| |
\ .\ .
aducem la acelai numitor i folosim faptul c dac dou fracii
egale au numitorii egali atunci au i numrtorii egali

Deci
( )
3) 2)
1 1
1 1 0 1
2 3 2 3 2 3
0
6
6 6 1 1 1
2 3 6 2 3
A B A B
A x B x Ax Bx x x A B
A B A B A B
A B A
A B B B B
B B
| | | | | |
= + = + + = + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
= + = =
= =



= = = = =




Prin urmare :
1 1 6 6 1 6 1 6 1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
1 1
2ln 2ln
3 2
A B
dx dx dx dx dx dx
x x x x x x x x
x x C
| | | |
| |

+ = + = + = +
| |
| |

\ . \ .
= + +
} } } } } }


Exerciii propuse:
19)
2
1
3 2
dx
x x + +
}
; 20)
2
1
4 3
dx
x x +
}
; 21)
2
3
2 3 2
dx
x x
}
; 22)
2
4
5 6 1
dx
x x + +
}