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Eroarea Moralitatii de Ce Cultivarea Virtutilor Morale Este Gresita
Eroarea Moralitatii de Ce Cultivarea Virtutilor Morale Este Gresita
9a*angdui 4Fversiunea 4E
4: >CA A ?DEF #$B&%
.P. $e4tul in versiunea Ruo $ian & GH Fuodian' datat inainte de "OO i.e.n.
U>: >2C3IJ2I2I?32DC3
F GH Uu diNn 6; T ;/
(;Q2)E
vede i semni/ica ia /iec rui caracter in dic ionarul situat dup note
".1. $raducerea analitic &convergent ' / 9nal6tical &convergent' translation/
$raduction anal6ti+ue &convergente'/ 9nal6tische &Bonvergenten'
S-erset%ung / $raducciTn anal*tica &convergente' /$radu%ione analitici
&convergente'/ the le/t -rain/cere-ral hemisphere is ver-al linear and
processes in/ormation in an anal6tical and se+uential wa6
1(.O1. 0 E
tUi shUng 4iU %h 6 u %h E
taiN shangN 0 4iaN %hi1 6ou" %hi1 D
#n epoca cea mai inalta F tai0 shang0E , os FGia0E (os; referire la: pamanteni;
subiecti; oameni; popor) se stia F E ceea ce este FE Foamenii vedeau; aveau
comunicare directa si perceptie nemilocitaE;
#n epoca cea mai inalta Fin vechime maestrul conducea discret poporul prin TaoE aici
os (poporul) %tia Fsimplu sa fie unul cuE eGistenta F de abia %tia de eGistenta unui
suveran care era cu des v&r%ire ignorat de popor E.
A >ans la plus haute antiMuitO, en bas, on savait (simplement) Mu\il ) en avait. C
5rom the best at the top ...do*n here )ou Jno* P the) eGist=
@on den Urbcten oben ...unten *eic man bloc P es gibt sie=
1(.O. 0 0
+* c) 0 + n Vr 6W %h 0
+i ciN 0 +in1 er 6uN %hi1 D
#n epoca urmatoare'mai t&rziu FMid ci0E Fpierzandu-se ancorarea in TaoE au venit
cei pe care poporul ii iubea FMin;: iubire; care inspirau iubirea, ata%areaE si venera
F)u0: a lauda, a elogia; glorifica, cinstea, a slaviE.
F+i au condus poporul prin bunatate'omenie %i dreptate iar poporul ?i iubea %i
veneraF?i asculta %i ?i slueaE.
>ans l\&ge suivant, on les aimait et les louait.
The follo*ing ones are loved and praised,
>ie danach sind geliebt und gepriesen,
1(.O". 0 0
+* c)0 wXi %h 0
+i ciN0 weiN %hi1 D
>upa aceeaFMid ci0E, au venit cei de care poporul s-a temut F*ei0: groaza;
teama, frica; spaima; care inspirau uraE (%i pe care i-a ur&t) (+i au condus poporul
prin cugetare (inteligenta, prudenta) %i cunoa%tere (erudi ie, eGperien a,
in elepciune); acestia au guvernat prin dreptate, usti ie si morala impun&nd legi,
norme, restric ii (pacate, culpabilizari) %i pedepse; pe care poporul i-a uratE.
>ans l\&ge suivant, on les craignait.
the follo*ing ones are feared,
die danach geferchtet,
1(.ON. 3
+* c)0 w %h .
+i ciN 0 wu" %hi1.
>upa aceeaFMid ci0E au venit cei dispretuiti F*uf: desconsiderati, dispre uiti;
insultatiE;
F#n final au venit cei pe care poporul i-a dispretuit din cauza incorectitudinii, coruptiei
si egoismului lor; ei au guvernat m&nati de ambitie (dib cie, abilitate, s&rguint ) %i de
dorinta de $a avea$ profit (c&%tig, folos)E.
>ans l\&ge suivant, on les mOprisait.
the follo*ing ones are despised.
die danach verachtet.
1(.OP. 0
4)n -W %Y 6Ln
4inN -uN %u0
>aca suveranul nu este capabil de FzudE incredere FGin0 : credinta
fidelitate,loialitateE F>ac suveranul nu are ?ncredere suficient ?n poporul s u; dac
nu actioneaz dezinteresat %i nu-%i ?nsote%te cuvintele frumoase (promisiunile) de
fapteE,
,orsMue la bonne foi (du prince envers le peuple) n\est pas suffisante,
Trust not enough, eh8
@ertraut man nicht genug, *ie8
1(.OM. 3
6 u -W 4)n 6 n
6ou" -uN 4inN 6an1
>e unde F)ang : cum8de ce8 unde8; nu se poate astepta E sa trezeasca F)ouf a
avea; a eGista; a se manifestaE increderea F Gin0 : credinta fidelitatea, loialitateaE
Fpoporului in suveran; sa obtina ordinea si pacea socialaE.
F"u se poate a%teptaE s trezeasc ?ncrederea poporului ?n el Fs obtin ordinea %i
pacea social E.
) il a manMue de bonne foi (du peuple envers le prince).
)ou get no trust, eh8
+rfhhrt man Jein @ertrauen, *as8
1(.O(. !" #$:
6 u 4* +* gu) 6Ln:
6ou1 4i1 +i guiN 6an 0
>e aceea maestrul eminent din vechime FantichitateE apreciaF # gui0 scump; aprecia;
onoraE masura F ! )oug: chibzuit; prevazator, cuprinzator; vast t cut; a (se) g&ndi, a
fi meditativE la vorba F$)ind : vorbire, cuv&nt, limba; limb ; comunicare verbal E
Fera m surat la vorb se abtinea sa vorbeasca si sa se manifeste; era grav si
rezervatE.
6omme (les princes sages) Otaient pensifs et prisaient leurs mots =
6areful, oh, their precious *ords:
4esonnen, ach, ihre geschhtzten Zorte:
1(.O,. %& '(0
g ng chVng sh) su)
gong1 cheng shiN suiN 0
#ar cand opera sa F gongg E era implinit F chengd : complet , terminat ,
des v&r%it ; dus la cap t; gata; perfect , ?ntreag ) si sarcina sa F ' shi0: afacerea;
treaba; desfasurarea activit tii; progresulE era ?ncheiat F (sui0E
_uand le travail Otait accompli et Mue tout marchait bien,
_uand son juvre est accomplie +t sa t&che remplie.
the tasJs accomplished, the affairs finished Q
die Aufgaben vollbracht, die Angelegenheiten erledigt Q
1(.OJ. )*+,: -./E
- i 4)ng ji wXi: w %) rLnE
-ai" 4ingN jie1 weiN: wo" %iN ran .
F#n consecin E poporulF )*. baif Ging0 mul imea familiilorE ?mpreun F +iegE
spunea'g&ndea F,*ei0E: $"oiF - *ofE insine am f ptuit asta firesc$ F . / %) rLn t%u-
jen t%u jan :: $natura in ea ins%i$; natural; firesc; spontan; vedei: 1(.N"-1(.NND
F#n consecint E poporul g&ndea: $aceasta vine natural, de la sine$ Fsupu%ii imperiului
c&%tigau merite %i foloase (satisfac ii) imagin&ndu-%i c ei au f ptuit totul, din propria
lor voin , in mod natural, firesc, de la sine; acum c&%tig frust riE
Fen conseMuenceE le peuple disait : A "ous l\avons fait de nous-m^mes = C
,e peuple dit : A 6ela vient de moi-m^me. C
the other people, all of them sa): *e are self-determined=
die anderen ,eute, sie alle sagen: *ir sind selbst-bestimmt=
8ote/8otes /8oten 1(
3. , comp. .:.;2X;<=;
6 n 6Ln 6an10 6en : :: el; aici; acolo; atunci; cum8 de ce8 c&nd8 unde8
vedei: .MND
( %& g ng chVng :: a termina munca sa, a termina lucrarea, fapte implinite; a
atinge (a realiza; a implini) performan e (merite); +: to finish oneYs *orJ, to achieve
(accomplish) performances (merits); 1: terminer son travail, N atteindre (accomplir);
service accompli; performance (le mOrite); F: die Arbeit beenden, ,eistungen
vollbringen; ..//-/2;
2. )* $hundreds of clans$ T (all) other (people) ' $aberhundert !ippen$ T (alle)
anderen (,eute).
1(. #ista caracterelor din capitolul 1( al Dao De Zing 5$ao $e ChingD $ao $e
Ring7 inso it de transcrip ie =i semni/ica ie
d) diN ti: :: prefiG numere de ordine; secven , categorie; clas ; grad vedei:
capitolul 1
shi. Mi;: (: %aptesprezece;
%h ng %hang1 chang tchang (: capitol; seciune; paragraf; vedei:
Dic ionarul capitolului 1
;/.;: tUi taiN t[ai cantonez : taai" :: foarte mare, suprem, eminent; eGtrem,
eGcesiv,prea mult, prea;caracter pentru: K Ftai0tai sigur;pa%nic;cel mai
(mult);eGtrem de; Tailanda; principal, cel mai ?nsemnat; grandios, magnific; splendidE
%i > daN ta mare; uria%;larg; mai mare, mai ?nsemnat; maor..E D E: highest,
greatest, remotest, eGcessivel), too, over, eGtreml), in negative sentences: ver); 5:
trop; trks; supr^me ,e tNia L ( pin)in : tNi a, Zade-Uiles: tYai-chi; aponais :
taiJ)oJu,), Mue lYon pourrait traduire en franlais par A fa?te supr^me C reprOsente
aussi la poutre fa?tikre dYune habitation et lYidOe dYultime. 6Yest un des principauG
s)mboles tao]stes. #l est reprOsentO graphiMuement par le diagramme de taii ou
taiitu, et est dans la philosophie tao]ste trks liO au s)mbole du vide ou non-eGistant
(M, pin)in : *`), un cercle vide, et au s)mbole du tao ( N dNo); ,e taii est aussi le
nom donnO au s)mbole du )in-)ang. F: grbcte, hbchste,Br-,sehr, hucerst, zu sehr,
zu, erhaben, @or*ort vieler Titel und RbflichJeitsbezeichnungen, gebraucht ; groce
fer (!3<D. Ktai, erhaben und rt:/ T (!32./ > ta groc; TNia oder Tai 6hi (chin.
L ' O, TNia, Z.-U. T\ai-chi V>as sehr groce mucerste$, auch >ie grocen
Uegenshtze) bezeichnet das hbchste -rinzip des Kosmos. >er Terminus findet so*ohl
im >aoismus als auch im Konfuzianismus @er*endung. 1(.1D
;/..: shUng shangN shang schang: (: sus; deasupra, pe, v&rf, culme, vedei: ,.1D
;/.:: 4iU 4iaN hsia hia :: os, sub; cobor&re; dedesubt; mic; a cobor?; a
mic%ora; vedei: .D
;/.0: -W -uN pu p\u :: nu; non; f r ; nici; nega ie; prefiG negativ: a-; ne-; non-;
vedei: .1JD
zhig a cunoa%te ;a ?ntelege;a percepe ;
;/.3: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
;/.1: %h %hi1 chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui (ei; lor); semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
;/./: +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
;/.2: ci0 tse : (: secunda;clip , moment; (numeral ordinal) al doilea;inferior;unul
dup celalalt;ordonare ?n serie;vreme,ocazie, prile;r&nd; (a face o plimbare: )
%edere;loc de %edere;a ram&ne (o perioada de timp) undeva, cu cineva; +: order,
seMuence, second, neGt, second-rate, inferior, -times; U: der z*eite,nhchste,
folgende, z*eitens, geringer, z*eitJlassig, folgen, alsdann, ferner, (eihe, (eihenfolge,
der (eihe nach, Urad, (ang, 9al, >auer, L*ischenraum, !trecJe, *hhrend, Ort, -latz,
*ohnen, sich aufhalten, erreichen;
;/.<: 57 + n +in1 +)ng +ingN tsin :: p rin i; rude; inrudit; a fi intim cu;
rela ii de rudenie; drag; intim; ata%at de, iubire; mai apropiat de inima cuiva; se
apropia de; atingere; contact; s rut; acces; avansuri; propuneri; abordare (a unui
subiect); a rude, al s u, personal, sine; P lin M n: cele %ase rude: tat l, mama,
fratele mai mare, fratele mai mic, so , so ie(;2); E: closel) related relatives, parents;
parent, relatives; related b) blood, intimate, close, nearer (closer), dearer, more
important; nearer to oneYs heart ' approach; marriage; dear, relation, be intimate
*ith, attached to, love; approach, touch, Jiss; one\s o*n, personal, self; P lin M n:
siG relatives: father, mother, older brother, )ounger brother, husband, *ife; 5:
parents; intime, proches, lYamour, embrasser; le mariage, chkre, approche; P lin
M n: siG proches: pkre, mkre, frkre a?nO, le frkre cadet, mari, femme; F:
blutsver*andt, +ltern, selbst, persbnlich, Reirat, lieben, nahe, nhhern; *ichtiger;
nhher am Rerzen; gern haben, lieb, vertraut, innig, P lin M n: sechs @er*andte:
@ater, 9utter, hlterer 4ruder, engerer 4ruder, Uatte, Uattin; ;/.<;
;/.;D: Vr ]r erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
;/.;;: )u0 )e : (: a lauda, a elogia; a glorifica, a slavi, a flata, a celebra; caracter
format din: Q5R7 6 /6Y/6W 6^ 6u (: a da cuiva; a d rui; a participa la; ?mpreun cu,
asociat cu; vede i: ,.JD
+: reputation, fame, praise, eulog); U: be*undern, loben, feiern, schmeicheln;
(!2<<. )e, Qgeben;
;/.;.: %h %hi1 chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui (ei; lor); semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
;/.;:: +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
;/.;0: ci0 secunda;clip , moment; (numeral ordinal) al doilea;inferior;unul dup
celalalt;ordonare ?n serie;vreme,ocazie, prile;r&nd; (a face o plimbare: )%edere;loc de
%edere;a ram&ne (o perioada de timp) undeva, cu cineva;.
;/.;3: *ei0 groaza ?mbinata cu respect; a inspira veneratie (cuiva); a ?ngrozi, a se
teme, a-i fi frica; spaima, groaza; a-i fi groaza de; temut, ?nspaim&ntator,
?nfiorator;respect.
;/.;1: %h %hi1 chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui (ei; lor); semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
;/.;/: +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
;/.;2: ci0 secunda;clip , moment; (numeral ordinal) al doilea;inferior;unul dup
celalalt;ordonare ?n serie;vreme,ocazie, prile;r&nd; (a face o plimbare: )%edere;loc de
%edere;a ram&ne (o perioada de timp) undeva, cu cineva;.
;/.;<: *uf *u : (: insult ;a desconsidera,a dispretui;a
zeflemi,neglia;superficial,vag; +: insult, bull), picture: human being inside of the
sea; U: beschimpfen, verhbhnen, sich lustig machen, verspotten 4ild: ein 9ensch der
im 9eer ist;
;/..D: %h %hi1 chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui (ei; lor); semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
;/..;: 4)n hsin hin :: sinceritate; ?ncredere; dovad ; adev r; autentic; fidelitate;
vedei: ,."ND
;/...: -W -uN pu p\u :: nu; non; f r ; nici; nega ie; prefiG negativ: a-; ne-;
non-; vedei: .1JD
;/..:: %Y %utsu juN: :: picior; pas; a atinge, a satisface, suficient; destul;
complet; zh z` multumit cu situatia; a cunoaste multumirea (de aici fericirea) a fi
satisfacut; in lb. sJrt.: $santosha$; S fn z`: bogat; indestulat; capabil de, care
merit (s ), care e demn(de); (metal) de puritate standard; trebuie s ?ndeplineasc ;
: inadecvat, deficient; +: foot, step; attain, satisf), enough; satisf), enough
ample, sufficient; complete; zh z` content *ith oneYs situation; to Jno*
contentment (hence happiness); S fn z` rich, plentiful; : in-adeMuate, de-
ficient; 1: pied; pas; suffisante; zh z` se contenter de; ^tre satisfait; U: 5uc,
4ein, (eines Tisches us*.),!chritt, !tufe,Urad,genug, reichlich, befriedigen, zufrieden,
geeignet, dazu angetan,dac -; genegend, um zu (veranlassen, dac-); vollsthndig,
durchaus; unverfhlscht, voll*ertig; : un-genegend, un-zulhnglich; apare prima
data in: ;/..:;
;/..0: 6 n 6Ln 6an10 6en : :: el; aici; acolo; atunci; cum8 de ce8 c&nd8 unde8
vedei: .MND
;/..3: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
;/..1: -W -uN pu p\u :: nu; non; f r ; nici; nega ie; prefiG negativ: a-; ne-; non-;
vedei: .1JD
;/../: 4)n hsin hin :: sinceritate; ?ncredere; dovad ; adev r; autentic; fidelitate;
vedei: ,."ND
;/...: -W -uN pu p\u :: nu; non; f r ; nici; nega ie; prefiG negativ: a-; ne-; non-;
vedei: .1JD
;/..2: 6 n 6Ln 6an10 6en : :: el; aici; acolo; atunci; cum8 de ce8 c&nd8 unde8
vedei: .MND
;/..<: ! )oug )u: (: trist; t cut;a (se) g&ndi, a medita,a chibzui;a crede;a prevedea,
a ?ntrezari,cuprinzator; vast; departe; ?ndepartat; +: distressed, saddened, Muiet, far,
remote in time, leisurel); U: betrebt, leise, *eit, entfernt, geruhsam, vor langer Leit;
;/.:D: " 4 4i1 hi : :: indic o pauz ; particul final ; interectie de admiratie;
vedei: N.1OD
;/.:;: +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
;/.:.: #57 gu) Buei Boue (: scump, valoros, a pre ui, drag; numele t u; onoruri;
vedei: ".JD
;/.::: $ 6Ln 6an 6en jenD :: cuv&nt, limb ; vorbire; grai; a zice; a vorbi; vedei:
.P,D
;/.:0: % g ng gong1 Bung :: merit; realizare; abilitate;activitate, munc; fapt ;
efort;v.: .(MD
;/.:3: & chVng tscheng: (: complet, perfect, ?ntreg; a ?mplini, a des v&r%i; a
reu%i; v.: ."OD
;/.:1: 'sh) shih che :: afacere, treab ; lucru; ceva;
materie,circumstan ,activitate; vedei: .PPD
;/.:/: (su) su* sui souei :: a ?mplini; a ?ndeplini; a reu%i; a urma; a se conforma;
vedei: J."ND
;/.:2: ) -a -ai" pai: :: o sut ; sute, mul i, numero%i, tot; to i; toate felurile de;
vedei: P.1MD
;/.:<: * 4)ng 4ingN sing : :: prenume, nume de familie; clan; trib, oameni;
vede i: P.1(D
;/.0D: + ji Bie : (: to i; toate, fiecare, toat lumea; ?n toate cazurile; integral;
vedei: ..:;
;/.0;: ,57 wXi weiN wei: :: a se adresa, a spune, a zice; a se chema; chemare
v.: 1.NJD
;/.0.: -* *o: (: eu, mea, mine, sine,noi;nou ;al nostru; +: #, me, m), self; *e,
us; 5: e; moi; me ; soi ; nous;U: ich, mein, *ir, unser; ;/.0.;
;/.0:: . %) %iN t%u tse : :: sine; personal; ?nsu%i, propria persoan ; natural;
vedei: (.1(D
;/.00: / rLn ran jen jan: :: da (este a%a); corect; drept, a%a, astfel; de aceea;
a%a ca; ca %i; la fel; egal; cu siguran ; a pleda; a promite; %i mai; %i ?nc ; a coace; a
pr i; a calcina; a frige, fript; a ridiculiza, a persifla; a arde; sufiG adverbial; o stare;
natur ; in acela%i timp;. / z[ rin zi0 ran.: natural; firesc; spontan; de la sine insusi;
propria natur ; rest; %pan; bucat, pies de'din; E: )es, correct; right; so; thus; liJe
this'that, an adversative particle suffiG indicating the state of affairs; is used as a
suffiG $-ran$ marJing adectives or adverbs , roughl) corresponding to +nglish: -l);
certainl); pledge, promise , but, ho*ever, nevertheless, to burn, to blaze; certainl),
reall), still, although, on the other hand; at the same time; scrap or rest, piece of; 5:
oui, ainsi, mettre N feu, broler, prOparer, cuisiner, se comportent, de sorte Mue, - de
m^me, certes, tout N fait raison, autoriser, admettre, promettent-obet, dYadverbes,
mais seul, mais, cependant, pourtant, mais N cet Ogard, et puis, bien Mue, dYautre
part; mais; cependant; uste; correct; ^tre ainsi, agir ainsi ,mettre le feu, allumer,
broler, repondre par lYaffirmative, appropriO, conforme au movement naturel , voir les
choses comme elles sont, conna?tre rOellement accorder; ./ z[ rin zi0 ran.:
naturel ; aisO; de par son ^tre propre, de soi m^me, naturellement, spontanOment;
F: ja, ge*ic, ganz recht, allerdings, so, so sein, so sein *ie, beahen, anzenden,
brennen, zubereiten, Jochen ,sich so verhalten, - gleich, -artig, be*illigen,
zugestehen, versprechen, bildet Adverbien, aber allein, edoch, indessen, dennoch,
und doch, und dabei, und dann, obgleich, andererseits; zugleich; Abfall; (est, !tecJ;
1(.NN
;/.0:-;/.00: . / %) rLn %iN ran ; t%u-jen; t%u jan :: lit.: $natura in ea ins%i;
propria fire$; natural; firesc; spontan; de la sine; auto-devenire; instinctiv; automat;
autodeterminat; necondiionat; din propria lor voina; in mod natural, propria natur ;
in armonie cu sine; fora imanent spontan (AJira Ohama); el i%i urmeaz propria sa
natur (Tzu Ian; Liran) $Tao nu are alt model dec&t pe el insu%i$ (cap..3); termen ce
indic ?n taoism ( NT dUo ji tao-chia : taoism filosofic; NU dUo jiUo daoN jiaoN tao-
chiao : taoism religios) tot ce se produce spontan, in afara oricrei voin e umane %i a
tuturor influen elor eGterioare; ziran este un concept central in taoism, intim legat de
practica *u*ei a non-aciunii, nefptuirii ori a aciunii fr efort 'effortless action; +:
self-evident; b) itself so; spontaneous (-l)) spontaneit); $naturalness$; naturall), (to)
its o*n nature; self-becoming; of their o*n volition. self-determined; A Taoist term for
spontaneous and therefore natural or Reavenl) inclinations; unconditioned and totall)
itself. Tao is characterized b) ./ z[rin tzu-an and is a Je) concept in taoism that
literall) means $self so; self-liJe; so of its o*n; so of itself$ and thus $naturall);
natural; spontaneousl); freel); in the course of events; of course; doubtlessl)$
(!lingerland .DD:, p. </; ,ai, p. <1). The *ord YziranY first occurs in the Tao Te 6hing
(;/, .:, .3, 3;); http: ''en.*iJipedia.org'*iJi'Liran; 1: naturel; naturellement,
spontanOment; aisO; de par son ^tre propre, de soi m^me; fait de nous-m^mes; ,e
naturel (ziran) ou d)namisme naturel, lYinnocence et la simplicitO (chun), le sans
savoir et le sans dOsirs; ,es mouvements doivent ^tre simples. -uisMue mon esprit
logiMue est hors dYOtat dYagir, le naturel du mouvement oue un rple crucial. +n fin de
compte, rien ne peut fonctionner sans OMuilibre (zhong). F: selbst-versthndlich; sich
selbst gleich; nach seiner eigenen "atur; selbst-bestimmt; von selbst so$; spontan (-
er*eise); !elbst-Zerdung; vedeti 1(.N"-1(.NND apare in capitolele: 1(D "D PD
P1D MND
$raducerea analitica & convergenta' si analogic &divergent ' a
capitolului 1,
1,. Capitolul 1,. d) sh* - %h ng
$itlu/$itle /$itre /$itel/ $*tulo /$itolo: C derea - etapele =i e/ectele
de%r d cin rii din $ao
$itlul chine%esc/$itlul lui #egge /$itlul lui <usuBi /$itlul lui Foddard/
Chinese $itle/ #egge[s $itle/ <usuBi[s $itle/ Foddard[s $itle/
VWs` bq The >eca) of 9anners The -alliation of @ulgarit) The -alliation of the
#nferior
$itluri date de al i traduc tori =i comentatori :
The Omen of >eca)'Leichen des @erfalls (Rilmar Klaus)
V s` su. social customs; vulgar, unrefined VX s` huN common sa)ing, proverb
W bq bo. bao. bo0 bu0 mean, slight, thin, slight, *eaJ; poor, sting)
$e4t in l-. chine%a $e4t KLng .) transliterat in > n6 n
;2. (d[ sha b zh ng di0 shi. ba; zhang; )
>NY, da0 dao0 fei0, )ou: ren. )i0 ;
Z[,>\; hui0 zhi0 chu; , )ou: da0 *ei: ;
P],^_; liu0 Min; bu0 he. , )ou: Giao0 ci. ;
`Tab,cd. guo. ia; hun; luan0 , )ou: zhong; chen..
. 3ariante antice/9ncient 3ersions/ #es versions anti+ues /9ntiguo
versiones /9lte 3ersionen/ #e antiche versioni
.1. $e4tul in l-. chine%a in versiunea lui Kang .i &01' &M A NJ e.n' :
Z4: >NYZ[>\P]^_`Tabcd3
.. $e4tul in l-. chine%a in versiunea lui Heshang Fong &45' &O-1P(
i.e.n.':
>NY23Z[2>\3P]2^_3`Tab2cd3
.". $e4tul in l-. chine%a in versiunea 1u Qi &78' &PPP - M"J e.n.'
>NY3Z[>e3P]^_3`Tabfd3
.N. $e4tul in l-. chine%a in versiunea Ma Kang $ui & <0= M wLngdu ' din
anul 1M, i.e.n..
9a*angdui A Fversiunea AE
A: 9>NY @g[h@>\P]@ijkTabh@fd
9a*angdui 4Fversiunea 4E
4: 9>NYDZ[DAAP]DC^j`TabDfd
.P. $e4tul in l-. chine%a in versiunea Ruo $ian & GH Fuodian' datat inainte
de "OO i.e.n.
U4: l>NY2DmPJ]2D^_mkTab2DCndm
GH Uu diNn 6;rT;2 (<Q;;)
vede i semni/ica ia /iec rui caracter in dic ionarul situat dup note
".1. $raducerea analitic &convergent ' / 9nal6tical &convergent' translation/
$raduction anal6ti+ue &convergente'/ 9nal6tische &Bonvergenten'
S-erset%ung / $raducciTn anal*tica &convergente' /$radu%ione analitici
&convergente'/ the le/t -rain/cere-ral hemisphere is ver-al linear and
processes in/ormation in an anal6tical and se+uential wa6
a D;-D0 (ighteousness, R)pocris), Obedience, -atriotism' (echtschaffenheit,
Reuchelei, Uehorsam, -atriotismus
1,.O1. >NY dU dUo /Xi
6&nd marele Tao a fost p r sitFc&nd omenirea a c zut ?n realitatea secund s-a
pierdut ancorarea in Tao %i a pierit ac iunea direct (virtutea; puterea adev rat )E,
Zhen the Ureat >No is abandoned,
Zird das groce >No verlassen,
,N on le grand Tao est en ruine
1,.. D 6 u rVn 6)D
Atunci s-au n scut (virtu ile) omeniei %i drept ii Fca s ?nlocuiasc aceast pierdere
oamenii au inceput s pre uiasc rOn (iubirea; omenia; bun tatea) %i )[
(dreptatea; usti ia; dreapta udecat )E;
there are humanit) and righteousness;
gibt es 9enschlichJeit und (echtschaffenheit;
,N se prOsente lYhumanitO et la ustice
1,.O". Z[ hu) %h) ch
FBlterior dup ceE au ie%it la suprafa Z hu[ (cugetarea; inteligen a; pruden a;
iste imea) %i
zh[ (cunoa%terea; eGperien a; ?n elepciunea; erudi ia; ascu imea de minte)
*hen shre*dness and sophistr) arise,
*enn !charfsinn und !pitzfindigJeit aufJommen,
,N on l\intelligence Oclairante surgit,
1,.N. >\3 6 u dU w i.
A ?nceput artificialul !* i (falsul, contrafacerea, ipocrizia; ruperea de realitate;
f rnicia; viclenia; in%el toria; viciileE;
there is great h)pocris).
gibt es groce Reuchelei.
,N se prOsente le grand artifice.
1,.P. P ] liW + n -W hV
6&nd Fdup aceeaE ?ntre cele %ase ?nrudiriF P lin M n : $%ase p rin i'rude$: tat ,
mam , frate mai mare, frate mai mic, so , so ieE a domnit discordia F ] bn hO:
lipsa armonieiE
Zhen the siG blood relatives are not at one F*ith each otherE,
!ind die sechs 4lutsver*andten nicht einig,
,N on les siG parents ne s\entendent plus,
1,.M.^_D 6 u 4iUo c*D
Au devenit virtu i apreciate ^ GiNo (pietatea filial ; dragostea %i ascultarea, respectul
copiilor fa de p rin i) %i _ ca (dragostea matern 'autoritatea patern )Err
there are filialit) and parental authorit);
gibt es Kindesgehorsam und +lternautoritht;
,N se prOsente la piOtO filiale +t l\amour paternel.
1,.O(. `T ab 3 guT ji h n luUn
6&nd ?n imperiuF `T guq i : ar si oameniE s-a instalat F a b&ntuitE ?ntunericul %i
dezordinea F ab h n luNn: confuzia si haosul; ?ntunericul %i dezordinea (anarhia)E,
*hen realm and people are in confusion and chaos,
sind ,and und ,eute in @er*irrung und 6haos,
,N on la famille du prince +st dans la nuit et le dOsordre,
1,.O,. cd 6 u %h ng chVn.
Apar %i loialii supu%i
there are lo)al patriots.
gibt es gesetzestreue -atrioten.
,N se prOsentent des ministres fidkles.
".. $raducerea analogic &divergent ' / 9nalogic &divergent' $ranslation/#a
traduction analogi+ue &divergente'/ 9nalogisch
&divergent'S-erset%ung/$raducciTn analTgica &divergente' /$radu%ione
analogico &divergente'/the right -rain/right-hemisphere is analogic0 non-
linear0 creative0 simultaneous and intuitiveD
;2.;. 6&nd marele Tao a fost p r sit Fc&nd omenirea a c zut ?n realitatea secund s-a
pierdut ancorarea in Tao %i a pierit ac iunea direct (virtutea; puterea adev rat )E,
;2... Atunci s-au n scut (virtu ile) omeniei %i drept ii Fca s ?nlocuiasc aceast
pierdere oamenii au inceput s pre uiasc rOn (iubirea; omenia; bun tatea) %i )[
(dreptatea; usti ia; dreapta udecat )E;
;2.:. FBlterior dup ceE au ie%it la suprafa Z hu[ (cugetarea; inteligen a; pruden a;
iste imea) %i zh[ (cunoa%terea; eGperien a; ?n elepciunea; erudi ia; ascu imea de
minte)
;2.0. A ?nceput artificialul !* i (falsul, contrafacerea, ipocrizia; ruperea de realitate;
f rnicia; viclenia; in%el toria; viciileE;
;2.3. 6&nd Fdup aceeaE discordiaF ] bn hO: f r armonieE a domnit oameni F?ntre
cele %ase ?nrudiri: P liu0 Min;: $%ase p rin i'rude$: tat , mam , frate mai mare,
frate mai mic, so , so ieE r
;2.1. Au devenit virtu i apreciate ^ GiNo (pietatea filial ; ascultarea copiilor fa de
p rin i) %i _ ca (dragostea matern 'autoritatea patern )Err
;2./. 6&nd ?n imperiuF `T guq i : ar si oameniE s-a instalat F a b&ntuitE ?ntunericul
%i dezordinea F ab h n luNn: confuzia si haosul; ?ntunericul %i dezordinea (anarhia)E,
;2.2. Au ap rut %i supu%ii credincio%i (loiali) Fa devenit o virtute pre uit czh ng
(loialitatea) %i "chOn (supu%i; mini%tri; vasali;)Errr
analogous 1, $he !men o/ Deca6
As soon as one gives up the big >No, humaneness and righteousness emerge; *hen
shre*dness and sophistr) appear, there is big h)pocris). 4ecause the relatives do not
harmonise spontaneousl), the) need obedience and parental dut). Zhen countr) and
people are in a mess, there *ill be lo)al patriots.
8ote/8otes /8oten
vede i comentariul capitolului 1( despre /a%ele c derii si instr in rii omului
de adev rata sa identitate
0. referire la tNi shNng
3. #n aceast afirma ie ( P lin M n: %ase rude'p rin i: tat l, mama, fratele mai mare,
fratele mai mic, so , so ie) se face simultan referire la dezordinile psihosomatice,
sociale %i cosmice datorit faptului c ?n # 6hing $cei %ase p rin i$ desemneaz %i
nivelele energetice ori informa ionale ce guverneaz echilibrul psihosomatic, social %i
cosmic.
P lin M n: siG close relatives, namel): father o Ffu0E, mother ?Fmu:E, older
brothers pFGiong;E, )ounger brothers q Fdi0E, *ife r FMi;E, male children s ' Fzi:E
P lin M n les siG relations de parentO (pkre, mkre, frkres plus &gOs, frkres moins
&gOs, femme, et enfants)
rr Atunci a ?nceput s fie apreciat echilibrul, s n tatea %i via a (s fie ur&t moartea
%i temut boala) ceea ce nu a contribuit la p strarea acestora, ci la agravarea
dezechilibrului: $la pierderea s n t ii %i a vie ii$ (vedeti cap. .., 3D, /3)
rrr Atunci ordinea a fost impus din eGterior prin porunci (cap. 3;) %i legi (cap. :.,
3/) adic prin constr&ngere (cap.:2); ineficien a guvern rii %i neputin a controlului
activ este pe larg evocat de c tre ,ao Tseu (cap. :1, 02, /<), care sus ine calea
ac iunii paradoGale de dincolo de ac iune si inac iune etichetat drept nonac iune
(cap. :1, :/) a vechii c i a ac iunii nemilocite din milocul repausului ori a pasivit ii
feminine (Win) Fcap. 3<, 10, 11, /:, /3, /2E, care ?ntotdeauna controleaz %i triumf
asupra activit ii %i masculinului (Wang) %i for ei (la fel cum valea comand curgerea
apei) F.1E (-rincipiul drumului minim).
1,. #ista caracterelor din capitolul 1, al Dao De Zing 5$ao $e ChingD $ao $e
Ring7 inso it de transcrip ie =i semni/ica ie
d) diN ti: :: prefiG numere de ordine; secven , categorie; clas ; grad vedei:
capitolul 1
shi. ba;: (: optsprezece;
%h ng %hang1 chang tchang (: capitol; seciune; paragraf; vedei:
Dic ionarul capitolului 1
;2.;: > dU da) dUi ta) daN ta ta A. mare ; larg, masiv; ?nalt, ad&nc; foarte mare;
vedei: 1".MD
;2..: N dUo daoN0" tao tao (: calea direct %i destinaia (realitatea
vertical ) ;vedeti: 1.1D
;2.:: Y5#7 /e) /eiN /ei :: a abandona; a ?nceta; a pieri; a pierde; a p r si; a
renun a la, a aboli, a anula, a desfiinta, a se opri; a elimina; a respinge; a suspenda, a
?ntrerupe; a lua sf&r%it; a neglia; a se l sa ?n voia; a uita; lips de aten ie; a trata cu
indiferen ; a nu b ga ?n seam ; a renun a; a degrada; a ruina; distrus; uzur ;
nefolositor, inutil, zadarnic; ab tut, deprimat; a risipi, cheltui; ruin; dezmembrare,
dezintegrare (radioactiv); pierderea fermitii, tierea (maionezei); spargerea
coagulrii (impr % tiere; dezintegrare); E: give up, abolish, abrogate, *aste,
terminate, discard; eGpire; useless, disused; to end; to stop; ruins; (nuclear)
desintegration; crippled; 1: abandonner; perdre; pOrir; pOrissent; depOrissement;
gaspiller retirer; suspendre; interrompre; usure, eGpirer; , dOpenser, vide, anuller;
Oliminer; inutile,cesser, arr^ter; abolition; stop, abolir; F: beseitigen, aufgeben,
aufheben, absetzen, abnutzen, verbrauchen, verfallen; vergeuden, versch*enden,
verausgaben, nichtig, unbrauchbar, ungeltig, anhalten, abschaffen; ;2.:;
;2.0: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
;2.3: rVn ren jen :: omenie; fraternitate; identificare, prtinire; preferin ;
vedei: P.ND
;2.1: 5$7 6) 6iN i : (: ust(i ie), drept(ate); datorie c tre ceilal i; usti ia
FdreptateaE este virtutea moral pus pe primul loc de 9eng Li'9encius, :/.-.2<
i.e.n) si este al turi de ren. FomenieE o norm fundamental de conduit ?n
cofucianism; bun; patriot; loialitate fa de binele comun; public; sim ul corectitudinii,
semnifica ie; ideograma )i0 include - F*o: eu; noi; mine; nou ; al nostruE; 5:
ustice; ustesse, OMuitO; droiture; vOritO; devoir; lYesprit de lo)autO envers les amis; $
t )i0 li:; ,a vOritO de la vie : la philosophie et la science; la pudeur (l\origine de
l\OMuitO); 5aute de se rOgler sur le rituel li , la politesse devient la droiture intolOrante.
+: ustice, righteousness, right conduct, dut), sense of dut); $% )[ *n volunteer,
voluntar), obligation, human relationship, meaning, significance, adopted, adoptive;
U: Kardinaltugend des Konfuzius: -flicht, -flichtgefehl, (echtschaffenheit,
UerechtigJeit, gerechte !ache, Uemeinsinn, vaterlandstreu, treu, redlich, folgsam, fer
das bffentliche Zohl, bffentlich, allgmein, frei Adoptiv-, !tief-, 4edeutung, !inn; ;2.1;
;2./: Z hu) huiN hui : :: inteligent, de%tept, ?n elept; caracterul Z include: uFvE
f ng feng; abundent; ?mbel%ugat; mare; important gratios; frumos'abundant, lush,
bountiful, plent)EX w 4 n 4in1 hsin hin :: s&n; inim ; minte; entitatea minte-inim
(psiho-afectiv ); vedei: :..3; +: intelligent; bright; intelligence; U: scharfsinnig,
*eise, Jlug, +insicht, +rJenntnis (!../ feng v schbn, anmutig, gebraucht fer (!..:
feng ureiche +rnte;
;2.2: %h) %h %hiN tschi tchi :: a cunoa%te; a percepe; a %ti; a in elege;
prezen vedei: ".PPD
;2.<: [ ch chu1 ch\uD tschu (: a ie%i; a se ivi; a apare; a deveni vizibil; vedei:
1.NND
;2.;D: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
;2.;;: > da0 ta ta vedeti 1,.1D
;2.;.: \5&7 we wei" wei (: fals; a se preface; a simula; in%el torie; artificial; a
contraface; rupt de realitate; a imita; ipocrizia; f rnicia; viclenia; viciile; vedei:
11."OD
;2.;:: P liW liuN liu: (: %ase; 1; al %aselea; P lin M n: cele %ase rude: tat l,
mama, fratele mai mare, fratele mai mic, so , so ie(;2); Px lin )n: cele %ase dorin e;
cele %ase dorin ele sunt declan%ate de cele %ase pl ceri senzoriale provenite de la
ochi, urechi, nas, limba, trup %i minte; Py lin M[: cele %ase sufluri, energii sau cei
%ase factori climatici (Lhuangzi ;: ;D; vede i note cap ;3) #n 9edicina Tradi ional
6hinez F T69; in chineza: z{Fz|E zh ng ) E maladiile sunt provocate de Py lin M[
(cele %ase energii'sufluri'cei %ase factori climatici ) numite %i P} lin )an (cei %ase
factori patogeni'cele %ase eGcese) , P~ lin GiO (cele %ase influen e nes n toase): 1.
v@nt e4cesiv _ / ng /eng1 (rapid onset of s)mptoms, *andering location of
s)mptoms, itching, nasal congestion, $floating$ pulse; tremor, paral)sis, convulsion);
. rece hUn han (cold sensations, aversion to cold, relief of s)mptoms b)
*armth, *ater)'clear eGcreta, severe pain, abdominal pain, contracture'h)pertonicit)
of muscles, (slim)) *hite tongue fur, $deep$'$hidden$ or $string-liJe$ pulse, or slo*
pulse), ". c ldur 5sh shu" (summerheat; either heat or miGed damp-heat
s)mptoms), N. ume%eal _sh shi1 (sensation of heaviness, sensation of
fullness, s)mptoms of !pleen d)sfunction, greas) tongue fur, $slipper)$ pulse), P.
usc ciune %a` %aoN (dr) cough, dr) mouth, dr) throat, dr) lips, nosebleeds, dr)
sJin, dr) stools) %i M. /oc hu huo" (aversion to heat, high fever, thirst,
concentrated urine, red face, red tongue, )ello* tongue fur, rapid pulse; 5ire and heat
are basicall) seen to be the same); +: siG; P lin M n: siG relatives: father, mother,
older brother, )ounger brother, husband, *ife; Py lin M[: siG breaths or siG energies;
5: siG, P lin M n: siG proches: pkre, mkre, frkre a?nO, le frkre cadet, mari, femme;
U: sechs; P lin M n: sechs @er*andte: @ater, 9utter, hlterer 4ruder, engerer
4ruder, Uatte, Uattin;
;2.;0: 57 + n +in1 tsin :: p rin i; rude; ata%at de, drag; contact; al s u; sine;
vedei: 1(.JD
;2.;:-;0: P liW + n liuN +in1 :: cele %ase rude: tat l, mama, fratele mai mare,
fratele mai mic, so , so ie (;2); E: siG relatives: father, mother, older brother,
)ounger brother, husband, *ife; 5: : siG proches: pkre, mkre, frkre a?nO, le frkre
cadet, mari, femme; U: sechs @er*andte: @ater, 9utter, hlterer 4ruder, engerer
4ruder, Uatte, Uattin;
;2.;3: -W -uN pu p\u :: nu; non; f r ; nici; nega ie; prefiG negativ: a-; ne-; non-;
vedei:.1JD
;2.;1: ] hVD hXD heDND ho hounn: :: armonie; uniune; coeren ; im pcare;
pa%nic;vedei: .ND
;2.;/: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
;2.;2: ^ 4iUo 4iaoN hiao :: pietatea filial ; ascultarea de p rin i; ?ndeplinirea
obliga iilor filiale; respectul copiilor fa de p rin i; supunere; obedien ; respect;
?ncredere; doliu; E: filial piet); obedience to parents; fulfill filial dut); obedience;
esteem; respect; deep respect; confidence; mourning, 1: piOtO filiale; lYobOissance auG
parents; le devoir filial N remplir; deuil; F: Uehorsam gegen die +ltern, Kindespflicht
erfellen, Rochachtung, TrauerJleidung, trauern, Lutrauen; ;2.;2;
;2.;<: _ c* ci tse (: afec iune matern ; empatie; compasiune; binevoitor,
?ng duin ; amabil, bun; mil ; caritate; iubire p rinteasc ; bl&nde e; blain;
fleGibilitatea; vidul; iubirea aproapelui; omenia; nonagresivitatea; indulgent,
dragostea matern ( complementar la autoritatea patern ); pozitiv in ;<.;1.
(reintoarcere) %i 1/.:1; negativ in ;2.;< (c dere; faz de degradare); _ ca este
prima din cele trei comori s n b o (in capitolul 1/); caracter omofon cu y FE M[
(respira ie, suflu, energia vital ; man cereasc ; vedei: ;D.;;) prima din $6ele trei
comori umane$ ( s n b o): energia ( y M[), esen a fiin ei ( ing) %i spiritul (
shen); +: Jind, charitable, (maternal) love, care, goodness, merc); charit), empath)
(compassion); benevolent; compassionate; gentle; merciful; humane; loving as
po*er, *hich completes in an) case compassion, to open oneYs heart to; 5: bon;
indulgent; compatissant; pieuG; U: metterliche ,iebe, Uete, 9itgefehl, ,iebe, (4esitz
der in edem 5all erghnzenden Kraft), 4armherzigJeit, 9itleid, herzlich lieben, ein
Rerz haben fer, -, getig, sanft, nachsichtig, 9utter; 5ersorglichJeit, 4armherzigJeit;
"hchstenliebe;;2.;<;
;2..D: `5'(7 guT guo Buo :: ar ; stat; regat; imperiu; na iune; dinastie;
vedei: 1O.JD
;2..;: T ji jia1 chia Bia D :: familie; cas ; locuin , domiciliu; acas ; toat casa; to i
locatarii; domestic; clan, clas (de oameni); categorie; educa ie; a dresa; a ?mbl&nzi;
construc ie comercial , formarea substantivelor terminate in: $-er$; nume de familie;
?mbl&nzit; eGpresie curent , cunoscut de toat lumea; specialist; om de %tiint ;
?nv at, savant, erudit; %coal de g&ndire; NTdNo i tao-chia: taoism filosofic; `T
guq i : ara %i poporul; naiune; naional; T i z`: o familie; TMuin i : toat
familia; E: famil); home; house; household, residence; clan; class (of people), education;
to tame; commercial building; formation of nouns ending in: -er; surname; a person or
famil) engaged in a certain profession; a specialist in a certain field; a school of
thought; school; NTdNo i tao-chia: philosophical Taoism; `T guq i : realm and
people; nation; national; 1: famille, accueil, maison, domicile; clan; classe (de personnes),
Oducation; dompter; apprivoiser; b&timent commercial; formation des noms se terminant par:
-er; nom de famille; Ocole; Ocole philosophiMue; NT tao Jia: tao]sme philosophiMue;
$famille de la @oie$ ou $enseignement de la @oie$; http: ''fr.eJopedia.org'Tao
s6:sA5sme; F: 5amilie. Reim, Reimat, Raus, @er*andte, sippe, Klasse (von
9enschen), Raupt*brterbildung +ndung -er, Ueschhftshaus, zahm, 5amilienname; `
T guq i : ,and und ,eute; ;2..;;
;2...: ah n hun; hun : (: a. a pierde cunostinta; a lesina; sumbru; obscur; amurg,
crepuscul; crepuscular; a se ?nsera, amurg, zorii zilei; lumina slaba, umbra; ?ntuneric;
tulbure; confuz, prost, tont; insensibil; stupid; 4. a lua ?n casatorie; o sotie; +: dusJ,
darJ, dim, confused, muddled, lose consciousness, faint; 5: perdre connaissance;
sYOvanouir; sombre; obscur; troublO; U: Abenddhmmerung, dunJel, unJlar, trebe,
dumm, ver*irrt, bethubt, be*uctlos, sch*indlig; ;2...;
;2..:: bluan0 a desc tu%a; a l muri;a aduce ordinea;confuzie, ?nc&lcit; rebeliune;
implicat, ?ncurcat; amestecat.
;2..0: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
;2..3a: c %h ng %hong1 tschung :: loial; fidel; sincer; deschis; onest;
credincios; bun credin ; loialitate; devotament; credin ; sincer, deschis; cinstit;
integru; patriot; generos; caracter format din: z %h ng : miloc; centru; interior;
ust, drept; eGact; vedei: 3.03X w 4 n : s&n; inim ; minte; entitatea minte-inim
(psiho-afectiv ); vedei: :..3; E: lo)al, devoted; lo)alt), devotion, fidelit); 1: lo)al;
fidkle; la lo)autO; fidOlitO; lo)auG envers lY+tat, uste; honn^te, franc, ouvert; I: la
lealtN; F: treu, gesetzestreue; staatstreu, rechtschaffen, bieder, offenherzig, offen;
;2..3b: in MKD: f 5)7 %h n %hen1 chen tchen tschen: :: bun, pur; loial;
credincios; fidel; curat, nep tat; virtuos; cast, virgin; solid, compact; stabil, fiG,
neclintit; a conduce; a guverna; a sonda viitorul folosind prezicerea, prorocirea,
ghicirea, divina ia; divin; de bun augur; favorabil, propice; E: to rule, to govern;
virtuous, chaste, pure; lo)al; chastit) or virginit) of *omen, lo)al, faithful, divination
in ancient times; $divination, divine; test; verif); faithful; lo)al$. Lh n. invariable and
determination of _[; primal force; lo)al; faithful; 1: fidkle, lo)al, chaste; droit, honn^te;
gouverner; F: Beusch0 tugendhaft, unbeflecJt, rein, feststehend, unerschetterlich,
glecJverheicend, *eissagen, der ,etzte einer (eihe von vieren; vedei: ;2..3; :<.0D;
;2..1: d chVn chen tschen ; :: (om umilit, ?nosit: ) supus; servitor al unui prin ;
vasal, dependent, inrobit, subugat; supus; om de stat, ministru; preot, pastor;
eGecutor (al voin ei, al ordinelor, etc.) cuiva; a slui (la); a se supune; a asculta; +:
subect, servant of a prince, vassal, enslaved, subugated, submitted, a statesman, minister,
priest, pastor, eGecutors (of the *ill, orders, etc); to serve someone; to obe); patriots;
statesman, courtier; official under a feudal ruler; 5: serviteur dYun prince, vassal; asservi,
subuguO, soumis, ministre, un homme dY+tat, pr^tre, pasteur, eGOcuteurs (de la volontO,
commandes, etc) ; servir N MuelMuYun; obOir; (clO ;:;); F: unterliegen; >iener; >iener
eines 5ersten, @asall, abhhngig, versJlavt, unterocht, eingereicht, ein !taatsmann, 9inister,
4eamter, Bntertan, -riester, -farrer; vollstrecJer (des Zillens, der 4estellungen, etc.) emand,
um zu dienen (to), gehorchen; -atrioten; ;2..1;
$raducerea analitica& convergenta' si analogic &divergent ' a
capitolului ",
",. Capitolul ",. d) s n sh* - %h ng
$itlu/$itle /$itre /$itel/ $*tulo /$itolo: !mul cu adev rat virtuos nu caut s
/ac /apte -uneD
$itlul chine%esc/$itlul lui /$itlul lui #egge /$itlul lui Foddard/
l`n dO >espre caracteristicile lui Tao'>iscurs despre putere(virtute)'O discutie
despre putere(virtute)'
Chinese $itle/ #egge[s $itle/ <usuBi[s $itle/ Foddard[s $itle/
l`n dO About the Attributes of the Tao' >iscourse on -o*er(@irtue)' A >iscussion
About -o*er(@irtue)
5*7 l`n lun0 lun. dezbatere; discurs; discutie; Analectele (lui 6onfucius)
'debate; discuss; discourse; the Analects (of 6onfucius)
dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti: 1O.MJD
$itluri date de al i traduc tori =i comentatori :
-uterea non-intentionalitatii' The -o*er of Bnintentionalit)'Kraft der AbsichtslosigJeit
(Rilmar Klaus)
$e4t in l-. chine%a $e4t KLng .) transliterat in > n6 n
:2. (d[ s n sha b zh ng'di0 san; shi. ba; zhang;) r
, 3 shang0 de. bu0 de. , shi0 )i: )ou: de. .
, 3 Gia0 de. bu0 shi; de. , shi0 )i: *u. de. .
, 3 shang0 de. *u. *ei. , er. *u. )i: *ei. .
, 3 Gia0 de. *u. *ei. zhi; , er. )ou: )i: *ei. .
, 3 shang0 ren. *ei. zhi; , er. *u. )i: *ei. .
, 3 shang0 )i0 *ei. zhi; , er. )ou: )i: *ei. .
, 2 shang0 li: *ei. zhi; , er. mo0 zhi; )ing; ,
3 ze. rang: bi0 er. reng; zhi; .
9N2 gu0 shi; dao0 er. hou0 de. ,
2 shi; de. er. hou0 ren. ,
, shi; ren. er. hou0 )i0 ,
3 shi; )i0 er. hou0 li: .
,cW, fu; li: zhe: , zhong; Gin0 zhi; bo.,
bFE er. luan0 zhi; shou:Fman:E .
2 Mian. shi. zhe: ,
N, 3 dao0 zhi; hua. , er. )u. zhi; shi: .
>2 shi0 )i: da0 zhang0 fu; chu0 Mi. hou0 ,
W bu0 u; Mi. bo. ;
F+E, 3 chu0 Mi. shi. , bu0 u; Mi. hua. .
93 gu0 Mu0 bi: Mu: ci: .
r"umerele folosite dup termenii transliterati ?n pin)in au rol de tonuri:
a;T ; a.T i; a:T ; a0TN;aDTa3TaFton neutralE
+:-in)in tones should be indicated b) numbers ;-3, as follo*s:
;Tlevel tone, .Trising tone, :Tmid-rising tone, 0Tfalling tone, 3Tneutral tone
. 3ariante antice/9ncient 3ersions/ #es versions anti+ues /9ntiguo
versiones /9lte 3ersionen/ #e antiche versioni
.1. $e4tul in l-. chine%a in versiunea lui Kang >i Kang .i &01'&M A NJ
e.n':
333
333
239N3
333cWb3
2N3>22W3
2393
.. 3ersiunea lui Ho-shang Rung Heshang Fong &45'&O-1P( i.e.n.':
R!U: 2323 2
3 2 3 2
39N222
32cW b32N 3
>2W22393
.". $e4tul in l-. chine%a in versiunea 1u Qi &78'&PPP - M"J e.n.'
2323-2-3
-2-3-2-3-2-3
-2239N2
223cW2b3
N2B3>2W3
2393
.N. $e4tul in versiunea Ma Kang $ui & <0= M wLngdu ' din anul 1M,
i.e.n..
MKD 9 <0= 9 *ingdu version A (T $Iiaben$ )
AABAABBA
9 N AAAAAAAAAAA , ,
bBA
NBB> 9
MKD . <0= 9 *ingdu version 4 (T $Wiben$ )
BB
BB9Nh
cBbBNBB>AAA
-.-/0-123456
.P. $e4tul in versiunea Ruo $ian & GH Fuodian' datat inainte de "OO i.e.n.
6apitolul :2 nu eGist in versiunea pe f&%ii de bambus descoperit la Uuodian '
6hapter :2 is not present in the bamboo slips version discoveded at Uuodian' ,e
chapitre :2 nYest pas prOsent dans la version sur les fiches lamelles de bambou
dOcouvertes N Uuodian ' Kapitel nicht vorhanden
vede i semni/ica ia /iec rui caracter in dic ionarul situat dup note
".1. $raducerea analitic &convergent ' / 9nal6tical &convergent' translation/
$raduction anal6ti+ue&convergente'/ 9nal6tische &Bonvergenten'
S-erset%ung / $raducciTn anal*tica &convergente' /$radu%ione analitici
&convergente'/ the le/t -rain/cere-ral hemisphere is ver-al linear and
processes in/ormation in an anal6tical and se+uential wa6
A. #nner -o*er, Rumanit), Iustice, 9oralit)
",.1. : 0 shUng dV: -W dV0
@irtutea'-uterea(Te) superioar : pare f r @irtute'-utere (lumeasc ) F6ine are inalta
-utere se arat f r -utere; omul cu adev rat virtuos nu caut s fac fapte buneE;
Righest @irtue'-o*er(Te): liJe not @irtue'-o*er(Te),
:2.. 3sh) 6 6 u dV.
>in aceast cauz ea este @irtute'-utere Fde aceea are finantare din izvorul
omniprezent (nediferentiat; profund) de @irtute'-utereE.
therefore it is'has @irtue'-o*er(Te);
",.". 0 4iU dV -W sh dV0
@irtutea'-uterea(Te) inferioar nu d drumul la @irtute'-utere Fomul inferior este
ata%at de faptele bune; 6ine are mica -utere nu-%i pierde din vedere -utereaE
,o*er @irtue'-o*er(Te) cannot let go of its @irtue'-o*er(Te),
:2.N.3sh) 6 wY dV.
>in aceast cauz ea este f r @irtute' -utere Fde aceea nu este cu adev rat
virtuos'puternic; %i astfel nu are -utereE .
therefore it is *ithout @irtue'-o*er(Te)
:2.P.: D shUng dV wY wVi Vr wY 6 wViD
@irtutea'-uterea(Te) superioar practic nonac iunea'nef ptuirea FZu-Zei; non-
interven ia; non-interferen aE dar nu are un scop Fac ioneaz f r inten ie; motiva ie
subiectiv ; f r g&nd de f ptuire; f r efort, fiindc nu ?nt&mpin opozi ii; marea
putere nu faptuie%te %i nimeni nu-i vede putereaE :
Righest @irtue'-o*er(Te): non-interfering action, and *ithout FintentionalE doing;
",.M. : 3 4iU dV wY wVi0 Vr 6 u 6 wVi.
@irtutea inferioar : practic nonac iunea'nef ptuirea FZu-Zei; non-interven ia; non-
interferen aE dar are inc ac iuneFinten ionalitate; scop; ac ioneaz cu motiva ie
subiectiv , g&nd de f ptuire; ac ioneaz cu efort fiindc este localizat , in loc s fie
delocalizat %i atunci int&mpin rezisten , reac ii inverseE; 0
lo*er @irtue'-o*er(Te): non-interfering action, )et *ith FintentionalE doing.
:2.(. : D shUng rVn: wVi %h 0 Vr wY 6 wViD
Omenia Fbun tateaE superioar : ac ioneaz Ff ptuie%teE, dar f r ac iune
inten ional Fnu are scop, inten ie; motiva ie subiectiv ; g&nd de f ptuire; este f r
efortE
Righest humanit): action, )et *ithout Fintentional; subectiveE doing;
:2.,. : 3shUng 6) : wVi %h Vr 6 u 6 wVi.
Iusti iaFechitatea; dreptatea; dreapta udecat E superioar : ac ioneaz Ff ptuie%teE
c ci are o ac iune Finten ional ; cu scop motiva ie subiectiv ; cu g&nd de f ptuire;
ac ioneaz cu efort fiindc ?nt&mpin opozi iiE
highest ustice: action, )et *ith Fintentional; subectiveE doing.
:2.J. : A shUng l : wVi %h 0 Vr m` %h 6 6 ng A
9oralitatea Fnormele; riturile; regulile de polite e sau de bun purtare; buna-cuviin E
superioar : ac ioneaz Ff ptuie%teE dar dac nimeni nu r spunde Frespect ; ascult ;
eGist ?ntotdeauna iner ie, rezisten ; nesupunere, declin, dec dere)E; 3
Righest moralit): action, )et if no one responds
F 7 E ) ng ought to, should, must; )[ng (surname), to ans*er, to respond
:2.1O. 3%V r ng -) Vr rVng %h .
Atunci ?%i suflec m&necile %i o impune prin for F respectarea, conformarea sau
ascultarea oamenilor, ca o necesitate, regul 'lege'cerin obligatorie; apeleaz la
silire, constr&ngere, for ; lupt cu gre%elile oamenilor %i sf&r%e%te ?n ac iuni violente;
impunerea prin lupt nu este eficient fiindc int re%te sau finan eaz atitudinea pe
care dorim s o elimin m)E 1
then the) raise their arms and enforce it.
Tao, Te- -o*er, Iustice, 9oralit), -rophecies
:2.11. 9:N0 0 gW sh dUo Vr h`u dV0
>e aceea Fdup E: pierderea lui Tao, FvineE umbra'masca @irtu ii'-uteriiFTeE Fdup
uitarea propriei naturi cu instincte naturale, s n toase, vine htu dO -virtutea
simulat 'mimat 'interpretat ; masca virtu iiE; principiile artificiale; se cultiva masca,
imaginea, efectul in loc de cauza virtu ilor autentice; se aleg solu ii de moment,
provizorii de circumstan ; pre uirea virtu ilor morale a aparut dupa pierderea celor
autentice si este prima etap de eGteriorizare %i de dec dereE. /
Rence: lose Tao, and itYs follo*ed b) @irtue'-o*er(Te)
htu dO (:2) Fvirtutea simulat 'mimat 'interpretat ; masca virtu iiE
teGtul mai poate fi tradus: dup pierderea lui tao urmea% virtutea &/iindc / r
r d cin virtutea e moart 0 /als simulat '
:2.1. 0 0 sh dV0 Vr h`u rVn0
F>up E pierderea @irtutii '-uterii FTeE a urmat omenia F a fost pre uit rVn omenia;
bun tatea, iubirea aproapelui; a doua etap de eGteriorizare %i dec dere; se pierde
unitatea primordial ?n favoarea multiplicit ii; se pre uiesc efectele in locul
izvorului'cauzeiE.
lose @irtue'-o*er(Te), and itYs follo*ed b) humanit),
",.1". 0 0 sh rVn0 Vr h`u 6)0
F>up E pierderea omeniei Fbun t ii; iubirii aproapeluiE a venit usti ia Fa fost pre uit
6) usti ia, dreptatea; echitatea; dreapta udecat E
lose humanit), and itYs follo*ed b) ustice,
",.1N. 0 3 sh 6)0 Vr h`u l .
F>up E pierderea usti iei Fechit ii; drept ii; dreptei udec iE a venit moralitatea
Fau fost pre uite l riturile, legile, normele morale, buna-cuviin E
lose ustice, and itYs follo*ed b) moralit).
:2.1P.:0 cW / : l 0 %h %h ng 4)n %h -T
6u adev rat: moralitatea(ritul; buna-cuviin ) este doar o scoar a sub ire 2 a loialit ii
( c zh ng loialitate, devotament, fidelitate; credin ) %i sincerit ii ( G[n: sinceritate
?ncredere mutual ) <
Trul): moralit), lets faith and sincerit) thin out
:2.1M. b3Vr luUn %h sh u.
>ar %i ?nceputul dezordinii Fconfuziei; tulbur rilorE
and confusion *ill begin.
:2.1(. N +iLn sh* %h dUo %h huL
6el ce caut trecutul'viitorul Fin locul prezentului si al cauzeiE priveste
floarea'ornamentul'periferia'efectul lui Tao ;D
the one *ho looJs'Jno*s in front: >NoYs flo*er'adornment,
:2.1,. 3 Vr 6Y %h sh .
>ar %i ?nceputul prostiei Fnebuniei; r t cirii; ignoran ei; ?ntunericuluiE
)et the beginning of foll).
Alege profunzimea iar nu suprafata; Alege miezul(centru, cauza) iar nu
decora ia(periferia, efectul, proiec ia)' >epth, not !urface; 6ore, not >ecoration
:2.1J. : > sh) 6 : dU %hUng /
>e aceea: marii %i respecta ii mae%trii
Therefore: great and respected masters
:2.O. 2chW +* h`u0
!e in ?n profunzime Fpre uiesc miezul (esen a, profunzimea, centrul, cauza,
prezentul)E ;;
d*ell in its depth,
:2.1. W3-W j +* -T.
%i nu stau la suprafa sa F nu aleg floarea ( superficialul, periferia, efectele, iluzoriul,
ne?nsemnatul; trec torul, viitorul)E;
not sta)ing on its surface(flo*er);
:2.. 0 chW +* sh*0
+i se in ?n miezul lor Fs&mbure; nucleu; miloc; centru; in cauz ; ?n prezent; pre uiesc
firescul, naturalul, spontanul %i adev rata natur %i dispre uiesc principiile artificialeE
the) d*ell in their cores Fseed, nucleus, middle, center, in the cause, in no*E
:2.". 3-W j +* huL.
not sta)ing in its blossoms.
FHi E nu stau in floare (in lumea efectelor, in viitor, dorin e, eGpecta ii)
:2.N. 9 E gW +W - + c E
>e aceea el p r se%te'refuz aceasta Ffloarea; aparen a; periferia; eGteriorizareaE %i
?mbr i%eaz pe acela FTao; centrul; milocul; miezul roditor; lumea cauzal E ;.
Rence the) avoid the one and choose the other.
".. $raducerea analogic &divergent ' / 9nalogic &divergent' $ranslation/#a
traduction analogi+ue&divergente'/ 9nalogisch
&divergent'S-erset%ung/$raducciTn analTgica &divergente' /$radu%ione
analogico &divergente'/the right -rain/right-hemisphere is analogic0 non-
linear0 creative0 simultaneous and intuitiveD
;. @irtutea'-uterea(Te) superioar : pare f r @irtute'-utere (lumeasc ) F6ine are
inalta -utere se arat f r -utere; omul cu adev rat virtuos nu caut s fac fapte
buneE;
.. >in aceast cauz ea este @irtute'-utere Fde aceea are finantare din izvorul
omniprezent (nediferentiat; profund) de @irtute'-utereE.
:. @irtutea'-uterea(Te) inferioar nu d drumul la @irtute'-utere Fomul inferior este
ata%at de faptele bune; 6ine are mica -utere nu-%i pierde din vedere -utereaE
0. >in aceast cauz ea este f r @irtute' -utere Fde aceea nu este cu adev rat
virtuos'puternic; %i astfel nu are -utereE .
3. @irtutea'-uterea(Te) superioar practic nonac iunea'nef ptuirea FZu-Zei; non-
interven ia; non-interferen aE dar nu are un scop Factioneaz fara inten ie; motiva ie
subiectiv ; f r g&nd de f ptuire; f r efort, fiindc nu ?nt&mpin opozi ii; marea
putere nu faptuieste si nimeni nu-i vede putereaE :
1. @irtutea inferioar : practic nonac iunea'nef ptuirea FZu-Zei; non-interven ia;
non-interferen aE dar are inc ac iuneFinten ionalitate; scop; ac ioneaz cu motiva ie
subiectiv , g&nd de f ptuire; ac ioneaz cu efort fiindc este localizat , in loc s fie
delocalizat %i atunci int&mpin rezisten , reac ii inverseE; 0
/. Omenia Fbun tateaE superioar : ac ioneaz Ff ptuie%teE, dar f r ac iune
inten ional Fnu are scop, inten ie; motiva ie subiectiv ; g&nd de f ptuire; este f r
efortE
2. Iusti iaFechitatea; dreptatea; dreapta udecat E superioar : ac ioneaz Ff ptuie%teE
c ci are o ac iune Finten ional ; cu scop motiva ie subiectiv ; cu g&nd de f ptuire;
ac ioneaz cu efort fiindc ?nt&mpin opozi iiE
<. 9oralitatea Fnormele; riturile; regulile de polite e sau de bun purtare; buna-
cuviin E superioar : ac ioneaz Ff ptuie%teE dar dac nimeni nu r spunde Frespect ;
ascult ; eGist ?ntotdeauna iner ie, rezisten ; nesupunere, declin, dec dere)E; 3
;D. Atunci ?%i suflec m&necile %i o impune prin for F respectarea, conformarea sau
ascultarea oamenilor, ca o necesitate, regul 'lege'cerin obligatorie; apeleaz la
silire, constr&ngere, for ; lupt cu gre%elile oamenilor %i sf&r%e%te ?n ac iuni violente;
impunerea prin lupt nu este eficient fiindc int re%te sau finan eaz atitudinea pe
care dorim s o elimin m)E 1
;;. >e aceea Fdup E: pierderea lui Tao, vine masca @irtu ii'-uteriiFTeE Fdup uitarea
propriei naturi cu instincte naturale, s n toase, vine htu dO -virtutea
simulat 'mimat 'interpretat ; masca virtu iiE; principiile artificiale; se cultiv masca,
imaginea, efectul in loc de cauza virtu ilor autentice; se aleg solu ii de moment,
provizorii de circumstan ; pre uirea virtu ilor morale a aparut dup pierderea celor
autentice si este prima etap de eGteriorizare %i de dec dereE. /
;.. F>up E pierderea @irtutii '-uterii FTeE a urmat omenia F a fost pre uit
omeniaF4un tatea, iubirea aproapelui; a doua etap de eGteriorizare %i dec dere; se
pierde unitatea primordial ?n favoarea multiplicit ii; se pre uiesc efectele in locul
izvorului'cauzeiE.
;:. F>up E pierderea omeniei Fbun t ii; iubirii aproapeluiE a venit usti ia Fa fost
pre uit dreptatea; echitatea; dreapta udecat E
;0. F>up E pierderea usti iei Fechit ii; drept ii; dreptei udec iE a venit
moralitatea Fau fost pre uite riturile, legile, normele morale, buna-cuviin E
;3. 6u adev rat: moralitatea(ritul; buna- cuviin ) este doar o scoar a sub ire 2 a
loialit ii (fidelit ii; credin ei ) %i sincerit ii (?ncrederii mutuale) <
;1. >ar %i ?nceputul dezordinii Fconfuziei; tulbur rilorE
;/. 6el ce caut viitorul Fin locul prezentului si al cauzeiE contacteaz
floarea'ornamentul'periferia'efectul lui Tao ;D
;2. >ar %i ?nceputul prostiei Fnebuniei; r t cirii; ignoran ei; ?ntunericuluiE
)et the beginning of foll).
;<. >e aceea: marii %i respecta ii mae%trii
.D. !e in ?n profunzime Fpre uiesc miezul (esen a, profunzimea, centrul, cauza,
prezentul)E ;;
.;. %i nu stau la suprafa sa F nu aleg floarea( superficialul, efectele, iluzoriul,
ne?nsemnatul; trec torul, viitorul; pre uiesc firescul, naturalul, spontanul %i adev rata
natur %i dispre uiesc principiile artificialeE
... +i se in ?n miezul lor Fs&mbure; nucleu; miloc; centru; in cauz ; ?n prezentE
the) d*ell in their cores Fseed, nucleus, middle, center, in the cause, in no*E
.:. FHi E nu stau in floare (in lumea efectelor, in viitor, dorin e, eGpecta ii)
.0. >e aceea el refuz aceasta Ffloarea; aparen a; periferia; eGteriorizareaE %i
?mbr i%eaz pe acela FTao; centrul; milocul; miezul roditor; lumea cauzal E ;.
8ote/8otes /8oten
6u acest capitol incepe partea a doua a c r ii intitulat cartea despre putere ( Te
6hing; Te King; >e Iing)
;. Reshang gong puterea superioar a suveranilor din vechime era unit cu cerul %i
p mantul %i nev zut (nu era folosita pt instruirea poporului, ci pt hrani natura
originar a fiin elor umane, pt ca oamenii sa r mana intregi, necompartimenta i,
nep rtinitori; pt a sus ine curgerea fireasc a lucrurilor)
.. shi0: a pierde;
:. potrivit teGtului vechi g sit de Ran 5ei Li %i a comentariului sau avem urm toarea
lectur : cine are mare putere nu ac ioneaz , dar nu eGist (ceva asupra c ruia ) s nu
ac ionezeF adic structura din capitolul 02E
0. lectura in care lipse%te caracterul *u: cine are pu in -utere f ptuie%te c ci are %i
g&nd de f ptuire;
3 -rin moralitate am tradus caracterul FEl obiceiuri'norme sociale de
etica'comportament; maniere; polite e; buna-cuviin ; ce se cade; ce este cuvenit;
rituri; ritualuri; obiceiuri sociale; social custom; manners; courtes); rites
1. ridicarea bra elor 'dezgolirea bra elor'suflecarea manecilor urmata de
ac iune(trage; arunca; apel la for ); F8E 3zO r ng b[ Or rOng zh .
then the) raise their arms and enforce it.
apoi ?%i ridic bratele %i se slue%te de for Farunca cu pietreE
587 %V %e tse :: atunci, deci; de aceea; lege; regul , tipar; model; vedei:
".MND
r ng apuca; a lua cu forta; a respinge; anima(bratele ); to seize, taJe b) force;
repel; thro* into confusion; b[ brat; arm; rOng arunca; thro*, hurl; thro* a*a),
cast
/. seria care indic degradarea/degenerarea individual %i
social/pierderea/indeprtarea de $ao apare %i in capitolul 1(
2. am tradus coa 'poghit subtire; W bq sub ire, putin, slab, thin, slight, *eaJ; poor,
sting)
J. 4)n 4inN sin: (: sinceritateD ?ncredereD dovad D adev rD autenticD
/idelitateD vede i: 2.:0;
4)n 4inN sin: :: sinceritate; ?ncredere; dovad ; adev r; autentic; fidelitate;
vedei: ,."ND
unii au tradus credinta, dar aceasta e altceva decat loialitatea ori devotamentul unui
sluitor fata de stapan; c zh ng loialitatea, fidelitatea, credinta, devotiunea fata de
stapan, suveran lo)alt), devotion, fidelit), faithful sinceritatea ca respect fata de
adevar (in lb. sansJrita sat)a) e diferita de increderea mutuala din confucianism;
G[n sinceritatea, increderea, trust, believe; letter; G[n f` : to convince; confide,
trust; .w z[ G[n G n : incredere in sine' self-confidence respectul impus din eGterior
prin norme este semnul lipsei de devotament %i de ?ncredere; riturile nu sunt dec&t
miloace (m suri) neputincioase pentru a suplini pierderea drept tii %i a sincerit tii
(libertatii; spontaneitatii; independentei; invulnerabilit tii) originare; riturile sunt cel
mai adesea o surs de dezordini %i de tulbur ri, dec&t de ordine (se cultiva efectele
in locul cauzei lor; apare preocuparea pt etichete, imagine; este incuraat
mimetismul, falsitatea, simularea, viclenia).
;D. >esi mul i comentatori considera ca aici este vorba despre o condamnare a
capacita ii de premoni ieF ceea ce este eronat fiindca predic ia este utila individual si
social, dar nu aduce eliberarea de orbire(trecerea la cunoastere directa) si de
neputin a( depasirea stadiului puterii milocite sau magice si trecerea la puterea
directa sau divina)E in realitate este vorba de ancorarea in acum si despre eroarea de
a cauta efecte FviitorulE in locul cauzei Frealitatea sursa atemporala, care este
accesibila doar utilizand poarta prezentului; ancorarea in acumE; a cauta in viitor, in
loc de prezent, inseamna a privi efectele (periferia, floarea, proiec ia si a neglia
cauza) si este inceputul instrainarii, nebuniei si prostiei. >e aceea omul cu-adevarat
mare cauta centrul (profunzimea; cauza) iar nu periferia(suprafa a; proiec ia; efectul)
lui Tao;
6el care F %h %he" tsche cha :: cel'cea care face o anumit ac iune; vedei:
1.NE cunoa%te F597 sh* shi schi ::: a recunoa%te, prive%te, cunoa%te, %tie, a
?n elege; intui ie; con%tien ; vedei: 1P.1NE in fa F +iLn +ian tsien :: ?nainte
(in timp %i spa iu); dinainte; ?n fa ; anterior; precedent; trecutul'viitorul; vedei:
.N" E contacteaz floarea F 1 hua .,;,0 lumea efectelor, ?nflorirea; ornamentul;
aparen a; periferiaE lui Tao.
#n cazul in care se relateaza despre puterea de a %ti dinainteFcapacitatea de
premonitie dobandita prin practici divinatorii si samanice ( vedeti unificarea inimii in
,ie Li capitolul ..1 si postul inimii in Lhuang Li capitolul 0.;-.) ori prin cultivarea
virtutilor confucianiste uurmand calea sinceritatii absolute poti obtine capacitati de
premonitiev se afirma in canonul confucianist !i !hu(6ele -atru 6arti) , in Lhong)ong
(9ilocul) .0E se pastreaza semnificatia anterioara fiindca aceasta capacitate de
cunoastere este orientata catre lumea efectelor, iar nu a cauzelor(prezent), asa ca
mentine starea de ignoranta, orbire si neputinta.
;;. floarea(vorbele, proiectiile) care simbolizeaza aici periferia (suprafata, trecatorul,
iluzoriul, superficialul) este pusa in opozitie cu miezul sau fructul( care are
consistenta), cu centrul real, cu miezul realitatii(esenta, samburele lui Tao este
ancorarea in cauza iar nu in efecte, in virtuti morale: loialitate'credinta si incredere
mutuala'sinceritate )
;.. fraza finala u>e aceea pe una o lasa si-o ia pe cealaltav apare in capitolele ;. si
/.
;. or: high(-er, -est); superior, supreme ' oder: hohFeE, hbherFeE, hbchstFeE;
souverhn (T eberlegen), oberst(e).
3. : in Rinf iz bn instead of ) ' im Rinf iz bn statt ) FU o 9ang ;<<1 !.
0; Iacobs !. ;;2E.
<. (moralit) ' 9oralitht) or: propriet), rituals, rules of behavior ' oder: Anstand,
(ituale, @erhaltensregeln.
;D. or: the) roll up their sleeves ' oder: Jrempeln sie die mrmel auf.
;3. W or: ruin ' oder: @erderben.
;1. b lit.: confusionYs beginning ' @er*irrungs-4eginn.
;/. or: prophec), foretelling, fortune-telling ' oder: -rophezeihung, Zeissagung,
Zahrsagung.
;/.X;2. N and not ' und nicht:: second (missrouted) interpretation: u+arl)
insight is >NoYs blossom Fand hence simplicit)Ys originEv(=) ' z*eite (fehlgeleitete)
>eutung: Vfrehe +insicht ist des >NoYs 4lete Fund so der !chlichtheit BrsprungEu; but
1 negative pole in *)= (Vformal Jno*ledgeu) ' aber 1 negativer -ol in .:.)=
(Vhucerliches Zissenu) F@. von !traucE.
.D.X.;. T its (of >No) ' seinen (des >No) F N in ;/.E;
:X W or: T u(inner) being and (outer) appearancev ' oder: V(inneres) !ein und
(hucerer). !cheinu; lit.: thicJ(-ness) vs. thin(-ness) ' >icJe vs. >ennheit.
#lustrare in Lhuang Li cap ;: 6alea 6erului(notat pe carte :2 p ;00-;01)
traducerea #iou Ria-hwa60 $ao-t] Ring0 Fallimard0 1JMJ
,a vertu supOrieure est sans vertu,
cYest pourMuoi elle est la vertu.
,a vertu infOrieure ne sYOcarte pas des vertus,
cYest pourMuoi elle nYest pas la vertu.
,a vertu supOrieure nYagit pas et nYa pas de but.
,a vertu infOrieure agit et a un but.
,YhumanitO supOrieure agit mais nYa pas de but.
,a ustice supOrieure agit et a un but.
la politesse supOrieure agit et eGige MuYon ) rOponde,
sinon elle retrousse ses manches et insiste.
Ainsi, aprks la perte du Tao vient la vertu;
aprks la perte de la vertu vient lYhumanitO;
aprks la perte de lYhumanitO vient la ustice;
aprks la perte de la ustice vient la politesse;
la politesse est lYOcorce de la lo)autO et de la confiance,
mais aussi le commencement de la b^tise.
Aussi le grand homme sYen tient au fond et non N la surface.
#l sYen tient au no)au et non N la fleur.
#l reette ceci et accepte cela
Compo%i ia caracterului dV de te 1O.MJD
>e $po*er; virtue$ is *ritten *ith the 6hinese character in both Traditional 6hinese
and !implified 6hinese. This character combines the chi $footstep; go$ radical
for 4*ng (recurring graphic elements that suggest meaning) *ith zhi $straight;
vertical$ and Gin w $heart; mind$. >e has rare variant characters of (*ithout the
horizontal line) and or (*ithout the $footstep$ radical). The earliest *ritten
forms of de are oracle script from the !hang >)nast) (ca. ;1DD-;D01 46+) and
bronze*are script and seal script from the Lhou >)nast) (;D03-.31 46+). Oracle
characters *rote de *ith $footstep; go$ and $straight$, later bronze characters
added the w $heart; mind$ element. The oracle script for zhi $straight; vertical$
ideographicall) depicted shu $vertical line (in a character)$ above mu $e)e$, the
bronze script elaborated the line into shi $ten$Y, and the seal script separated the
e)e and heart *ith a horizontal line.
Etimologiile caracterului dV de te 1O.MJD
4oodberg (;</<:::-0) undertooJ a $graphophonetic anal)sis$ of de. 4ased on the
phonetic element zhi $upright; erect$ and the radical 4*ng suggesting
movement, he translates de as +nglish arrect $set upright; direct up*ard$ (from ,atin
ad- $to$) or insititious $ingrafted; inserted$ potenc) (from ,atin insitio $to implant; to
graft$). #nterpreting the w $heart; mind$ to connote $innerness$, he taJes the prefiG
from ,atin indoles $innate Mualit); natural disposition$ to further neologize indarrect.
4oodberg concludes that the noun de is best translated enrective in the passive
sense of po*er, or arrective in the active sense of influencing others. Re sa)s the
6hinese understood de as potent but not coercive, and as arrective rather than
corrective. !ince earl) teGts describe de as an acMuired Mualit), he proposes it is a
paron)m of de $to acMuire; to obtain$, *hich is a common definition of de $po*er;
virtue$. ,astl), he notes a possible et)molog) of $see straight; looJing straight at
things; intuition$ because earl) zhi graphs depicted a straight line over an $e)e$
(horizontall) *ritten in ).
@ictor R. 9air proposes a -roto-#ndo-+uropean et)molog) for de.
Te *as pronounced approGimatel) dugh during the earl) 6hou period (about ;;DD to
1DD 4.6.). The meanings it conve)s in teGts from that era are $character,$ $Fgood or
badE intentions,$ $Mualit),$ $disposition,$ $personalit),$ $personhood,$ $personal
strength,$ and $*orth.$ There is a ver) close correlation bet*een these meanings and
*ords deriving from -roto-#ndo-+uropean dugh (to be fit, of use, proper; acceptable;
achieve). And there is a *hole series of *ords derived from the related Teutonic
verbal root dugan. There are Old Righ Uerman tugan, 9iddle Righ Uerman tugen, and
modern Uerman taugen, all of *hich mean $to be good, fit, of use.$ There is another
cognate group of *ords relating to modern +nglish $dought)$ (meaning *orth),
valiant, stouthearted) that also contribute to our understanding of te. The) are 9iddle
+nglish douhti, dohti, of dehti ($valiant$). (;<<D:;:0)
According to AGel !chuesslerYs ne* et)mological dictionar) of Old 6hinese
(.DD/:.D2), de w rt J $moral force, virtue, character; Mualit), nature$ is probabl) in
the same *ord famil) as de w rt J $to get$ and perhaps zhi w rdr J $straight;
right$. #t Muotes the proposal of +d*in U. -ulle)blanJ that de and de are cognate
*ith Tibetan language thub $a might) one, one having po*er and authorit)$.
Translating de into +nglish is problematic and controversial. Arthur Zale) believed
that de *as better translated $po*er$ than $virtue$, and eGplained *ith a $banJ of
fortune$ metaphor.
#t is usuall) translated YvirtueY, and this often seems to *orJ Muite *ell; though *here
the *ord occurs in earl), pre-moralistic teGts such a translation is in realit) Muite
false. 4ut if *e stud) the usage of the *ord carefull) *e find that de can be bad as
*ell as good. Zhat is a Ybad virtueY8 6learl) YvirtueY is not a satisfactor) eMuivalent.
#ndeed on eGamining the histor) of the *ord *e find that it means something much
more liJe the #ndian Jarma, save that the fruits of te are generall) manifested here
and no*; *hereas Jarma is bound up *ith a theor) of transmigration, and its effects
are usuall) not seen in this life, but in a subseMuent incarnation. Te is an)thing that
happens to one or that one does of a Jind indicating that, as a conseMuence, one is
going to meet *ith good or bad lucJ. #t means, so to speaJ, the stocJ of credit (or the
deficit) that at an) given moment a man has at the banJ of fortune. !uch a stocJ is of
course built up partl) b) the correct carr)ing out of ritual; but primaril) b) securing
favourable omens; for unless the omens are favourable, no rite can be carried out at
all. (;<32::;)
4ased on the cognate relation bet*een de and zhi $to plant$, Zale) further noted the
earl) 6hinese regarded planting seeds as a de, hence it $means a latent po*er, a
YvirtueY inherent in something.$
@ictor 9air eGplains that the difficult) of accuratel) translating de,
Pis evident from the astonishing s*eep of thoughtful renderings of its meaning:
po*er, action, life, inner potenc), inner rectitude (inner uprightness), charisma, mana
(impersonal supernatural force inherent in gods and sacred obects), sinderesis
(conscience as the directive force of oneYs actions), and virtue, to name onl) a fe* of
the brave attempts to conve) the meaning of te in +nglish. Of these, the last is b) far
the most freMuentl) encountered. Bnfortunatel), it is also probabl) the least
appropriate of all to serve as an accurate translation of te in the Tao Te 6hing.
(;<<D:;::-0)
9air (;<<D:;:3) concludes that >aoist de is best translated $integrit)$, *hich $means
no more than the *holeness or completeness of a given entit),$ and liJe de, $it
represents the selfhood of ever) being in the universe.$
The linguist -eter A. 4oodberg investigated the semantics and et)molog) of de ,
*hich he called $perhaps the most significant *ord, neGt to tao N, in ancient 6hinese
macro- and microcosmolog).$
The standard translation for it is $virtue,$ both in the sense of inherent Mualit) and in
that of moral eGcellence, but *ith the validit) of the traditional rendering some*hat
shaJen b) Arthur Zale)Ys insistence on interpreting it as $po*er.$ #ndeed, it is
believed b) man) scholars that the term originated in the m)tho-magical period of
6hinese speculation *hen t^ *as conceived as a Jind of mana-liJe potenc) inherent
in substances, things, and human beings, a potenc) *hich, on the one hand, made
them true to their essence, and on the other, made possible their influencing of other
entities. #t appears often as if it had been imagined as a Jind of electric charge
permeating the thing in Muestion, *aGing or *aning in accordance *ith some
m)sterious la*, and capable of being transmitted, in the case of living beings, from
one generation to another. 6ontrar)-minded students of ancient 6hinese philosoph)
dispute this interpretation as rather narro* and possibl) anachronistic, and point to
the fact that t^ had earl) acMuired, at least in 6onfucian literature, ethical
connotations close to our $virtue,$ that is, as moral, and onl) rarel) amoral or
immoral, efficac). The) find, therefore, no Muarrel *ith rendering t^, almost
invariabl), as $virtue.$ -hilologists are, ho*ever, troubled b) the absence in the
6hinese term of an) connotations reminiscent of the ,atin et)mon vir, such as
manliness and virilit). The) remind us that t^ is free from an) contamination *ith
seGual associations and differs in that from its great counterpart, tao, the Za), *hich,
in one or t*o eGpressions, such as ^n tao N, $the *a) of men and *omen,$ is
suggestive of seGual activit). Other recommended translation, such as $energ)$ and
essential Mualit),$ seem also inadeMuate from the et)mological point of vie*.
(;</<::.)
The Lhuangzi is famous for *ordpla) and *itticism. !everal passages maJe puns
bet*een dV $obtain$ and dV $integrit); virtue$ (see Zatson ;<12:;2:, .;0). The
$Autumn 5loods$ chapter Muotes a $perfect de does not de$ ( zh[ dO bn dO)
proverb($the highest virtue *ins no gain$) from: $# have heard it said, YThe 9an of the
Za) *ins no fame, the highest virtue *ins no gain, the Ureat 9an has no self.Y To the
most perfect degree, he goes along *ith *hat has been allotted to him.$ (;/, tr.
Zatson ;<12:;/2-<). >e derogatoril) means $virtue; moralit)$ in some conteGts
mocJing the 6onfucians, 9ohists, and !chool of "ames. 5or instance, this derision of
their sophistr): $There is left, there is right, there are theories, there are debates,
there are divisions, there are discriminations, there are emulations, and there are
contentions. These are called the +ight @irtues.$ (., tr. Zatson ;<12:00). Translating
the *itt) *ords of Lhuangzi can be highl) compleG. A final instance mentions five
t)pes of Giongde ( $bad'fiendish'terrible de$), but onl) lists the first one zhongde
( z $center'middle de$). 6ompare these de translations b) Zatson ($virtue$) and
9air ($integrit)$).
$i and 6ong (literall) Ybod)Y or YsubstanceY and YuseY or YfunctionY) are technical terms
in 6hinese philosoph). Ti often is used to denote the essence or fundamental nature
of a given thing, for eGample, Ythe substance'true essence of the Za)Y. As a verb, it
can also mean to Yembod)Y or YinstantiateY a given characteristic or virtue, for
eGample Yto embod)'full) realize humanit)Y. A thingYs )ong is its characteristic activit)
in accordance *ith its nature.
$Ti $ is the opposite of $)ong$ in traditional 6hinese philosoph). #t also has a lot of
implications; it implies not onl) $substance$ and $support$ but also $*hole$ and
$abstract.$ The multipleG and mutuall) related implications embodied in one concept
give eGpression to the special features of traditional 6hinese philosoph) and its level
of development
The first occurrence of ti and )ong as a conceptual pair occurs in Zang 4iYs
commentar) on the thirt)-eighth chapter of the >aodeing, *here he uses it to
discuss the ti (essence) of things and their )ong (characteristic functions). Rere, and
in other passages, the )ong of a thing is not simpl) *hat a given thing happens to be
doing; there is a normative aspect to the notion. #t is thus not *holl) unliJe AristotleYs
use of the term ergon (see Aristotle x..). #t is *hat that thing *ill do according to its
particular ti (essence) *hen allo*ed to operate freel) in an environment conducive to
its natural functioning. Thus, in the passage from the -latform !utra Muoted above,
the )ong of a lighted lamp is to emit light; or as 6hen 6hun sa)s, YThat *hich is one
*hole *ithin is the substance; its response *hen stimulated is the functionY (Uraham
;<<.: 0D).
http:''***.teGttribe.com'routledge'T'Tis.Dands.D)ong.html
The craft of a 6hinese commentator: Zang 4i on the ,aozi, @olume ; 4) (udolf U.
Zagner
http:''booJs.google.com'booJs8
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Xlaozi;;ysourceTblyotsTp>-
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",. #ista caracterelor din capitolul ", al Dao De Zing 5$ao $e ChingD $ao $e
Ring7 inso it de transcrip ie =i semni/ica ie
(:?n lb.rom&n ;+:?n lb.englez ;U:?n lb.german ;
d) diN ti: :: prefiG numere de ordine; secven , categorie; clas ; grad vedei:
capitolul 1
sang shi. bag:(: treizeci %i opt;
%h ng %hang1 tschang:(:capitol; seciune;paragraf; vedei: capitolul 1
:2.;: shUng shangN shang schang: (: sus; deasupra, pe, v&rf, culme, vedei: ,.1D
:2..: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2.:: -W -uN pu p\u: :: nu; non; f r ; nici; nega ie; prefiG negativ: a-; ne-; non-;
vedei: .1JD
:2.0: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2.3: sh) shiN shih che (: desigur, da, drept, a fi; acesta; sh[ ): de aceea;
, sh[ *ki aceasta se cheam ; asta e numit ; vedei: .N(D
:2.1: 6 6i" i 6i (: la fel; cu; a folosi; folos, ?n acord cu; pt.ca s ; de, de ctre,de la;
v.: 1.JD
:2./: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
:2.2: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2.<: 4iU 4iaN hsia hia :: os, sub; cobor&re; dedesubt; mic; a cobor?; a mic%ora;
vedei: .D
:2.;D: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2.;;: -W -uN pu p\u: :: nu; non; f r ; nici; nega ie; prefiG negativ: a-; ne-; non-;
v.: .1JD
:2.;.: sh shi1 schi :: a pierde; a l sa; a da drumul; a sc pa, a r t ci; a neglia;
vedei: 1"."D
:2.;:: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2.;0: sh) shiN shih che (: desigur, da, drept, a fi; acesta; sh[ ): de aceea;
, sh[ *ki aceasta se cheam ; asta e numit ; vedei: .N(D
:2.;3: 6 6i" i 6i (: la fel; cu; a folosi; folos, ?n acord cu; pt.ca s ; de, de ctre,de
la; v.: 1.JD
:2.;1: 5M7 wY wu mo mouN wu (: nu eGist , nu are; f r ; nu; gol; vid; vedei:
1.1"D
:2.;/: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2.;2: shUng shangN shang schang: (: sus; deasupra, pe, v&rf, culme, vedei: ,.1D
:2.;<: ded te te :virtute;calitate;merite;abilitate;putere;succes;comportare;a
aprecia;
:2..D: 5M7 wY wu mo mouN wu (: nu eGist , nu are; f r ; nu; gol; vid; vedei:
1.1"D
:2..;: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2...: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2..:: 5M7 wY wu mo mouN wu (: nu eGist , nu are; f r ; nu; gol; vid; vedei:
1.1"D
:2..0: 6 6i" i 6i (: la fel; cu; a folosi; folos, ?n acord cu; pt.ca s ; de, de ctre,de
la; v.: 1.JD
:2..3: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2..1:4iU 4iaN hsia hia :: os, sub; cobor&re; dedesubt; mic; a cobor?; a mic%ora;
vedei: .D
:2../: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2..2: 5M7 wY wu mo mouN wu (: nu eGist , nu are; f r ; nu; gol; vid; vedei:
1.1"D
:2..<: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; v.: 1.1(D
:2.:D: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.:;: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
:2.:.: 6 6i" i 6i (: la fel; cu; a folosi; folos, ?n acord cu; pt.ca s ; de, de ctre,de
la; v.: 1.JD
:2.::: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2.:0: shUng shangN shang schang: (: sus; deasupra, pe, v&rf, culme, vedei: ,.1D
:2.:3: rVn ren jen :: omenie; fraternitate; identificare, prtinire; preferin ;
vedei: P.ND
:2.:1: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2.:/: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv;v.: 1.1(D
:2.:2: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs;
sufiG;vedei: 1.NPD
:2.:<: 5M7 wY wu mo mouN wu (: nu eGist , nu are; f r ; nu; gol; vid; vedei:
1.1"D
:2.0D: 6 6i" i 6i (: la fel; cu; a folosi; folos, ?n acord cu; pt.ca s ; de, de ctre,de
la;v.: 1.JD
:2.0;: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2.0.: shUng shangN shang schang: (: sus; deasupra, pe, v&rf, culme, vedei: ,.1D
:2.0:: 5$7 6) 6iN i :(: ust(i ie), drept(ate); norm de conduit ?n cofucianism;
vedei: 1,.MD
:2.00: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2.03: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.01: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.0/: 6 u 6ou" 6u (: a avea; a eGista; plin; vedei: 1.1JD
:2.02: 6 6i" i 6i (: la fel; cu; a folosi; folos, ?n acord cu; pt.ca s ; de, de ctre,de
la; vedei: 1.JD
:2.0<: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2.3D: shUng shangN shang schang: (: sus; deasupra, pe, v&rf, culme, vedei: ,.1D
:2.3;: 57 l li" li ::: ritual, etichet , norme morale, modestie; polite e; vedei:
"1.JJD
:2.3.: 5;7 wViD wXi wei0N wei: (: a face, a ac iona, a f ptui; a cauza; motiv;
vedei: ../;
:2.3:: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.30: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.33: m` mo mo :: A. nu eGist , nu, nimic; nici un; nimeni; 4. sear , t&rziu;
vedei: J.1D
:2.31: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.3/: )ing;,0 )ing A.dispus s ;a consimti la;acceptabil;convenabil;potrivit (cu,
pentru)corespunz|tor; oportun; ar trebui, s-ar uveni;, trebuie;a fi dator;4.a r|spunde;a
deschide;ecou;a r|suna;a acorda;o garnitur|;
+:ans*er, respond, agree, promise, accept, should, ought; messen, sollen,
erforderlich, sich schicJen, passen, passend, recht, gehbrig, zutreffend,
z*ecJentsprechend, demgemhc, entsprechen, 5olge leisten, erfellen, erhbren,
er*idern, vergelten, +r*iderung, Ant*ort, +cho, 5amilienname;
:2.32: 587 %V %e tse :: atunci, deci; de aceea; lege; regul , tipar; model;
vedei: ".MND
:2.3<: rang: ang a arunca ?n confuzie; a apuca, a lua,a fura;a(-%i) scoate;a obtine
(un premiu);a c&%tiga; a pierde;a respinge; rs3003Giangg a asista +: ( *u ingrong):
reect, resist, seize, grab;thro* into confusion; stehlen, ent*enden, fortnehmen,
entfernen, entblbcen, ab*eisen, ab*enden, vertreiben ablehnen, *iderstehen
ver*irren;
:2.1D: bi0 pei antebrat, brat; rs01.< p[ b[ bi0: a opri; a evita; a ?mpr|%tia, a risipi
deschis, sincer; pe fat ; a desteleni (un teren); FE p[ g b[ g pi Ju: a se ab ine
de la consumul de cereale (practic taoist ); a posti; inedia; +: Jing ' monarch ' to
enlist ' to repel ' to avoid arm *u ingrong: monarch, sovereign, *ard off, Jeep a*a);
FE p[ g to abstain from eating cereals (Taoist practice); to fast #nedia Arm,
Rerrscher, !ouverhn, bestrafen;
:2.1;: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.1.: rengg eng a arunca;a se scurge alene; a l&ncezi,a decurge monoton; a fi
interpretat| ?n mod monoton, plictisitor; a se t|r|g|na; a(se)t&r?; (d.o ancor|)a se t&r?
pe fundul apei;a ?mpinge, a ?mbr&nci; impuls;lovitur ;a ?ndemna,a sf|tui;a instiga;a
arunca,a azv&rli;(d. %arpe)a(-%i) lep|da (pielea);(d.iepuri)a face (pui);a pierde; rs0DD:
n i nai" nai: :: conduce la; a fi; a%a; prin urmare; atunci,?ndat; tu; al t u;
vedei:1M.POD
:2.1:: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.10: 9 gW guN Bu BoW Bu (: baz, temelie, cauz , motiv, deci, prin urmare;
a%adar; vedei: 1.PD
:2.13: sh shi1 schi :: a pierde; a l sa; a da drumul; a sc pa, a r t ci; a neglia;
vedei: 1"."D
:2.11: N dUo daoN0" tao tao (: calea direct %i destinaia (realitatea
vertical ) ;vedeti: 1.1D
:2.1/: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.12: 57 hoW houN :: dup ( in timp %i spa iu); spate; ?n urm ; viitor; ulterior;
vedei: .NND
:2.1<: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2.12-1<: h`u dV -virtutea simulat 'mimat 'interpretat ; masca virtu ii;
:2./D: sh shi1 schi :: a pierde; a l sa; a da drumul; a sc pa, a r t ci; a neglia;
vedei: 1"."D
:2./;: dV de te teD t]D teh: :: virtute; putere; de la sansJrit $vir)a$; vedeti:
1O.MJD
:2./.: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2./:: 57 hoW houN :: dup ( in timp si spa iu); spate; ?n urm ; viitor; ulterior;
vedei: .NND
:2./0: rVn ren jen :: omenie; fraternitate; identificare, prtinire; preferin ;
vedei: P.ND
:2./3: sh shi1 schi :: a pierde; a l sa; a da drumul; a sc pa, a r t ci; a neglia;
vedei: 1"."D
:2./1: rVn ren jen :: omenie; fraternitate; identificare, prtinire; preferin ;
vedei: P.ND
:2.//: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2./2: 57 hoW houN :: dup ( in timp si spa iu); spate; ?n urm ; viitor; ulterior;
vedei: .NND
:2./<: 5$7 6) 6iN i :(: ust(i ie), drept(ate); norm de conduit ?n cofucianism;
vedei: 1,.MD
:2.2D: sh shi1 schi :: a pierde; a l sa; a da drumul; a sc pa, a r t ci; a neglia;
vedei: 1"."D
:2.2;: 5$7 6) 6iN i :(: ust(i ie), drept(ate); norm de conduit ?n cofucianism;
vedei: 1,.MD
:2.2.: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.2:: 57 hoW houN :: dup ( in timp si spa iu); spate; ?n urm ; viitor; ulterior;
vedei: .NND
:2.20: 57 l li" li ::: ritual, etichet , norme morale, modestie; polite e; vedei:
"1.JJD
:2.23: / /Y /u10 /u /ou :: b rbat, so ; masculin; acela; aceia; pentru c; fiindc;
vedei: .,1D
:2.21: 57 l li" li ::: ritual, etichet , norme morale, modestie; polite e; vedei:
"1.JJD
:2.2/: %h %he" tsche cha :: cel'cea care face o anumit ac iune; vedei: 1.ND
:2.22: c %h ng %hong1 tschung :: loial; fidel; sincer; deschis; onest; credincios;
vedei: 1,.PD
:2.2<: 4)n hsin hin :: sinceritate; ?ncredere; dovad ; adev r; autentic; fidelitate;
vedei: ,."ND
:2.<D: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.<;:Wbod po subtire;fin,delicat;sensibil;slab,(p|r)rar;( sal|) goal|;( lichid) diluat;
( gaz) rarefiat; (d.scuze) str&mt;mic,ne?nsemnat;mediocru,zg&rcit, inferior;a considera
mic:)a neglia;a nep|s|tor; +: slight, meagre, small, ungenerous, unJind, mean,
frivolous surname; denn, sphrlich, gering, mhcig, leicht, Jnapp, *enig, ein *enig,
hrmlich, schlecht, verhchtlich, geizig, nachlhssig, achtlos, verachten, geringschhtzen,
-fefferminz, 5amilienname;
:2.<.: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.<:: bluan0 a desc tu%a;a l muri;a aduce
ordinea;confuzie,?nc&lcit;rebeliune;?ncurcat;amestecat;
:2.<0: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.<3: <shouf cap;lider;un %ef; origine, ?nceput, primul dintre...
:2.<1: +iLn +ian tsien :: ?nainte; ?n fa ; anterior; precedent; trecut; vedei:
.N"D
:2.</: 597 sh* shi schi ::: a recunoa%te, %tie, a ?n elege; intui ie; con%tien ;
vedei: 1P.1ND
:2.<2: %h %he" tsche cha :: cel'cea care face o anumit ac iune; vedei:
1.ND
:2.<<: N dUo daoN0" tao tao (: calea direct %i destinaia (realitatea
vertical ) ;vedeti: 1.1D
:2.;DD: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.;D;: 1hua. hua?nflorit;(stil)?mpodobit,frumos,briliant;sc&nteietor ; (d. oameni,
idei) str lucit;6hina; floare; +:flo*er, blossom, bloom, pattern, design, multicoloured,
variegated, blurred, dim , fanc); 4lume, blumig, 5iguren, @erzierungen, bunt, schbn,
prhchtig, lebhaft, Ulanz, Uedeihen, (uhm, berehmt, 6hina, chinesisch, !ie, #hr
:2.;D.: Vr er erh eul :: astfel; apoi; atunci, %i dar, ?ns ; ?nc , tu;dvs; sufiG;
vedei: 1.NPD
:2.;D:: =)u. simplu, stupid, prost; greu de cap, ?ncet de minte; ignorant.
:2.;D0: %h chih tchi :: el; ea; acesta; a lui; a ei; a lor; semn pt. genitiv %i
atributiv; vedei: 1.1(D
:2.;D3: sh shi" schi shih (: a ?ncepe; ?nceput; origine; vedei: 1.1,D
:2.;D1: sh) shiN shih che (: desigur, da, drept, a fi; acesta; sh[ ): de aceea;
, sh[ *ki aceasta se cheam ; asta e numit ; vedei: .N(D
:2.;D/: 6 6i" i 6i (: la fel; cu; a folosi; folos, ?n acord cu; pt.ca s ; de, de ctre;
vedei: 1.JD
:2.;D2: > dU da) dUi ta) daN ta ta A. mare ; larg, masiv; ?nalt, ad&nc; foarte mare;
vedei: 1".MD
:2.;D<: >zhang0 tschang o m|sur|;m|sur| de;D;om ?n v&rst ,senior;om
respectabil,>omnule;a m|sura,a sonda (ad&ncimile);a p|trunde cu mintea; +:unit of
length(T:,3 m) a form of address for certain male relatives; 9ac von zehn 5uc,
Klafter, vermessen, alt, ehr*erdig, angesehen;
:2.;;D: / /Y /u10 /u /ou :: b rbat, so ; masculin; acela; aceia; pentru c;
fiindc; vedei: .,1D
:2.;;;: 5?7 ch chW ch[u tch[ou :: a sta; a locui; re%edin ; loc de %edere; loc;
vedei: .P1D
:2.;;.: +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
:2.;;:: :hou0 hougros;des,stufos;dens,v&scos;miloc,parte
dens ;consistent,substantial;generos;sincer; +:thicJ, deep, profound, Jind,
magnanimous, large, generous, rich or strong in flavour, favour, stress; dicJ,
reichlich, Jrhftig, fruchtbar, grocmetig, aufrichtig, treu, tugendhaft, getig;
:2.;;0: bn0 nu ;non;f r ; negatie;
:2.;;3: j ju1 chu Biu :: a locui; a ocupa; a sta; a se a%eza; a se ata%a; a ine;
vede i: .,OD
:2.;;1 +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
:2.;;/: Wbod subtire;fin,delicat;sensibil;slab,(p|r)rar;( sal|) goal|;( lichid) diluat;
( gaz) rarefiat; (d.scuze) str&mt;mic,ne?nsemnat;mediocru,zg&rcit, inferior;a considera
mic:)a neglia;a nep|s|tor;
:2.;;2: 5?7 ch chW ch[u tch[ou :: a sta; a locui; re%edin ; loc de %edere; loc;
vedei: .P1D
:2.;;<: +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
:2.;.D: 5@7 sh* shi shih che :: plin; umplere; complet, substan ial; solid; real;
vedei:, "."(D
:2.;.;: bn0 nu ;non;f r ; negatie;
:2.;..: j ju1 chu Biu :: a locui; a ocupa; a sta; a se a%eza; a se ata%a; a ine;
vede i: .,OD
:2.;.:: +* +i ch\i B[i :: a ei,a lui,lor; acela; particul modal ; vedei: 1."1D
:2.;.0: 1 hua. A.?nflorit;?mpodobit, frumos,briliant;sc&nteietor;(d.oameni,
idei)str|lucit; 6hina; 4.floare;
:2.;.3: 9 gW guN Bu BoW Bu (: baz, cauz , motiv, deci, prin urmare; a%adar;
vedei: 1.PD
:2.;.1: +W +uN B^ : :: a pleca, a p r si; a pierde; a dispare; a fi luat (furat );
vedei: .,,D
:2.;./: bi:acela;
:2.;.2: + +u" ts^ ::: a apuca; a lua; a ob ine; a ?mbr i%a; a accepta; nevoie;
vedei: 1.N,D
vedeti: duo
:2.;.<: c ci" t%\u tse :: acesta; acestea; aci; acum; a opri; stop; ?n acest loc;
vedei: 1.NOD
.i-liogra/ie
#ista documentelor privind traditia taoista de trecere la /unctionarea
directa
&:EFIMG# H!#!F:91IC <9G DI3I8 DE 1G8C$I!89:E'
http:''reteaualiterara.ning.com'group'tao'page'lista-documentelor
#ista documentelor pt instruire online
Calea $re%irii/ $he Ka6 o/ 9waBening
http:''***.danmirahorian.ro'relaGare.html
http:''***.psi-sciences.com',ista>ocumente.html
http:''reteaualiterara.ning.com'group'caleaeliberarii'page'lista-documentelor
!sho- Moralitatea in traditia shivaita e4pusa in 3. 5 3ijnana .hairava $antra
& 3ig6an .hairav $antra'7
1. 4hag*an !hree (aneesh (Osho), The 4ooJ of !ecrets. >iscourses on $@ig)ana
4hairava Tantra$ ( @inana 4hairava Tantra), -oona: (aneesh 5oundation, ;</0
http:''***.living*orJshop.net'ob-booJofsec-comp.html
->5 format 6omplete +nglish teGt
http:''***.living*orJshop.net'->5-files'booJofthesecretszcomp.pdf
Audio mp:Ys Q >iscourses complete from The 4ooJ of !ecrets (4O!)
http:''***.living*orJshop.net'ob-booJofsec;.html
@ig)an 4hairav Tantra : An introduction b) Osho
http:''***.meditationiseas).com'm6orner'techniMues'@ig)anzbhairavztantra'introdu
ction.htm
#ndeG of ;;. 9editation techniMues of @ig)an 4hairav Tantra
http:''***.meditationiseas).com'm6orner'techniMues'@ig)anzbhairavztantra'9editat
ionztechniMueszindeG.htm
http:''en.*iJipedia.org'*iJi'@ig)anz4hairavzTantra
http:''***.osho*orld.com'discourses'audiozeng.asp8catTAll
@ig)an 4hairav Tantra @ol ; D;-0D
http:''***.osho*orld.com'discourses'audiozeng.asp8albumzidT:2
@ig)an 4hairav Tantra @ol . D;-0D
http:''***.osho*orld.com'discourses'audiozeng.asp8albumzidT:<
Fhttp:''***.bergfiles.com'i'bf0b/D0e/.h:.iDYEvig)anzbhairavztantraz.zD/.mp:
@ig)anz4hairavzTantraz.zD1.mp:
. 4hag*an !hree (aneesh, $,e livre des secrets$ par, +ditions Albin 9ichel !.A.,
;<2:, tradusa din lb. engleza de !*ami !hantideva et 9artine Zitnitzer
". Osho @inana 4hairava Tantra, 6artea secreta esentiala a caii tantrice, +ditura
(A9, ;<</ traducere realizata de !orin @oinea ( adaptarea teGtului Angela 9a)er si
9arius -etre); Titlu original: $,e livre des secrets$ (par 4hag*an !hree (aneesh,
+ditions Albin 9ichel !.A., ;<2:),
N. 6artea secretelor- o abordare contemporan a celor ;;. medita ii descrise ?n
@ig)an 4hairav Tantra de Osho; +ditura -ro-+ditura, 6olec ia Osho, octombrie .D;;,
traduc tor: ,aura Kivu; Alice Ra egan;Titlu original: The 4ooJ of !ecrets ((anesh
5oundation, -oona, #ndia,;</0).;.<1 pagini ; http:''***.eusunt.ro'carte-6artea-
secretelor}..3;'
P. -aul (eps, ")ogen !enzaJi, Len 5lesh, Len 4ones: A 6ollection of Len and -re-Len
Zritings, Turtle -ublishing, ;<3/, ;<23, ;<<2; >oubleda), ;<2<; (6entering, a 0,DDD
)ear-old teaching from #ndia that some consider to be the roots of Len)
http:''***.spiritual-learning.com'centering-reps.html
http:''***.isalovearagon.com'*ritings'shiva-)oga.html
M. -aul (eps, ")ogen !enzaJi, ,e Len en chair et en os. TeGtes rassemblOs par -aul
(eps. Traduit de lYanglais par 6. 9allerin et -.-A. >uat. 6hez Albin 9ichel - +spaces
libres, ;<<:
-ages ;2;-;</: Y,Yatteinte du centreY. #l sYagit pratiMuement dYune mOditation guidOe,
pas N pas. +n voici MuelMues eGtraits:
http:''***.eG-premie.org'papers-fr'biblio-fr.htm
http:''shivadevi.blogspot.com'
(. ;D; povestiri Len Traducere de ,iviu (adu. +ditur : 6oncept -ublishing, 6olectia:
6ogito, 4ucure%ti,;<<., #!4": </:-<3120-D-2.
,. Len - cele mai frumoase scrieri de -aul (eps, ")ogen !enzaJi, traducere din lb.
englez de >ana ,igia #lin, 4ucure%ti : Rumanitas, .DD<. ;<2 p.
http:''***.eusunt.ro'carte-Len---cele-mai-frumoase-scrieri};130'
J. ,a adresa de mai os se atribuie eronat calugarului Len numit 6.9. 6hen scrierea
unor precepte pentru intelegerea starilor spirituale incercate de discipolii ce practica
contemplarea
( vedeti diferenta intre contemplatie, meditatie si concentrare in capitolul ;D)
#n teGtul de mai sus se foloseste culoarea albastru pt aceste precepte, care sunt
traduceri ale @inana 4hairava; http:''forum.ioanistrate.ro'sho*thread.php80D<-
+soteric'page:2
1O. ,ilian !ilburn , ,e @inana 4hairava Tantra, teGte traduit et commentO par ,ilian
!ilburn >irectrice de recherche au 6"(!, +diteur 6ollege de 5rance, -ublications de
l\#nstitut de 6ivilisation #ndienne, serie in 2, fascicule ;3, -aris, ;<1;, +ditions +. de
4occard, ;<2:.
11. Zaideva <ingh (!*ami ,aJshmana IooYs disciple) Q @inana 4hairava or >ivine
6onsciousness, A Treasur) of ;;. T)pes of )oga, !ansJrit teGt *ith +nglish
Translation, +Gpositor) "ote, #ntroduction and Ulossar) of technical Terms -rinted in
#ndia, 9otilal 4anarsidass, ;/: pages 5irst +dition: >elhi, ;</< (eprint: >elhi, ;<2;,
;<<;, ;<<:, ;<<2, ;<<<, .DD;, .DD:, .DD1
http:''***.abhidharma.ru'A'!imvol'#nd)izm'6adG)'Iaidevas.D!ingh'DDD0.pdf
http:''mandhataglobal.com'*p-content'custom'articles'@inanabhairava.pdf
http:''***.scribd.com'doc'<;<00DDD'@inanabhairava
1. <wami #aBshmanjoo, @inana 4hairava Tantra, The 9anual for !elf (ealization
revealed b) !*ami ,aJshmaoo; introduction b) Iohn Rughes; ;;. different spiritual
practices for entering in the transcendental state of consciousness; 5irst #ndia (Third
(evised) 9unshiram 9anoharlal -ublishers, +dition, .D;;, .D;.;
http:''universalshaivafello*ship.org'usf'vinanazbhairavaD.html
<wami #aBshman Zoo, @inana 4hairava: The -ractice of 6entring A*areness
b) 6ommentar) 4): !*ami ,aJshman Ioo, -aperbacJ (+dition: .DD.), #ndica 4ooJs
#!4" 2;2131<:3<, -ages: ...
1". <wami <araswati <at6asangananda Q !ri @inana 4hairava Tantra: The
Ascent, Woga -ublications Trust: 4ihar !chool of Woga, #ndia, .DD:, $Wou do not have
to bring the light from outside.ZorJ hard and purif) )ourself:the light *ill unfold from
*ithin.$
1N. Dmitri <emenov, @inanabhairava or TechniMues for +ntering ,iminal
6onsciousness ,
!attarJa -ublications, .D;D , ;<2 pagini F This booJ gives ;;. recipes for attaining
special, liminal state of consciousness. #t is a translation of an ancient teGt -@inana
4hairavaE