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dm3
- Cilindreea totala :
Vt 1.600
- Raportul de comprimare :
10.5
- Cursa pistonului :
S 86
( mm )
- Alezajul :
D 81
( mm )
1.01
- Numarul de cilindrii :
i 4
- Turatia nominala :
n 6000
-Numarul de timpi:
rot
min
1.Parametrii constructivi:
1.1. Cilindreea unitara :
Vs 10
1.2.Cilindreea totala :
1.3.Volumul camerei de ardere :
1.4.Volumul cilindrului :
1.5.Viteza medie a pistonului :
2
6 D
Vt i Vs
Vs
Vc
1
Va Vs Vc
w p
S n 10
30
Vs 0.443
dm3
Vt 1.773
dm3
Vc 0.047
dm3
Va 0.49
dm3
w p 17.2
0 293
( K)
pr 1.15 p0
pr 1.15
( bari)
r 900 1000
r 970 ( K)
r
fp
fp
r 0.08
T 0 20
( K)
-atunci: pa p0 p a
p a 0.15 p0
pa 0.85
p a 0.15
( bari)
( bari)
Cpr
Cpfp
Cpr
-capacitatea calorica specifica la presiune constanta a
gazelor restante
Cpfp
-capacitatea calorica specifica la presiune constanta a fluidului motor
-deci:
0 r r
1 r
a 347.778
( K)
2.7.Gradul de umplere v
Gradul de umplere se defineste prin raportul dintre cantitatea (masica,
gravifica,molara,volumica) de fluid proaspat retinuta in cilindru la sfirsitul admisiei si
V
cantitatea posibila de a fi introdusa in cilindrea s ,in conditiile de temperatura de la intrarea
in motor.
daca pu este gradul de postumplere,reprezentind raportul dintre numarul de
kmoli de fluid proaspat care patrunde in cilindru dupa p.m.e. si numarul total
de kmoli de fluid proaspat retinut in cilindru
Pentru motoarele in patru timpi:
atunci:
pu 0.08 0.025
pa 0
1
p0 a 1 1 pu r
pu 0.08
v 0.791
3.CALCULUL COMPRIMARII
mc 1.32 1.34
pc pa
mc 1.33
mc
c a
pc 19.391
mc1
( bari)
c 755.604
( K)
, se deduce din :
c 1
log ( )
a
log
c 1.344
( kg)
mH 0.142 ( kg)
mO 0.004 ( kg)
-daca:
MT
=masa moleculara (kg/kmol)
HI
=puterea calorica inferioara a combustibilului (kcal/kg)
L0
=cantitate de aer teoretica necesara arderii
kg
kmol
MT 110 120
HI 10500
kcal
kg
kg
kmol
MT 110
DIFERA CALC Hs de Hi
merge mai departe Hi
Hs
1 m C m H m O mS
L0
0.21 12
4
32
kmolaer
L0 0.507
kgcomb
M1 0.522
kmoli
kg
comb
kmoli
kmoli
kmoli
kmoli
kmoli
MCO2 0.071
kg
comb
MH2O 0.071
MO2 0.21 L0 ( 1)
MO2 1.065 10
MN2 0.79 L0
MN2 0.405
mC mH
M2
( 0.21) L0
12
2
1.01
kg
comb
3
M2 0.548
kg
comb
kg
comb
kg
comb
6.Coeficientul variatiei molare a amestecului proaspat, 0:
0
M2
M1
0 1.051
0 r
R 1.047
1 r
z 0.80 0.95
z 0.85
Hs 11167
kcal
kg
comb
mC'' VTz
1
M2
3
3
3
3
z
z
HI
mC' VTc c 298
1
L0
1 r
MT
HI
2707.5497080419644866
mC' VTc c 298 solve z
1
12688.66746702936962
L0
1 r
MT
z 2709.84
( K)
p
12.Calculul presiunii z la sfarsitul arderii.
pz 72.819
z
R
c
3.755
( bari)
la
z 2709.84 ( K)
3
3
mCCO2VTz 11.368
mCH2OVTz 8.952
mCO2VTz 6.584
mCN2VTz 6.184
kcal
kcal
kmol K
kcal
kmol K
kcal
kmolK
kmolK
1
M2
kcal
kmolK
md 1.23 1.30
md 1.28
kcal
kmol K
5.2. Relatiile de calcul pentru presiunea si temperatura la sfarsitul cursei de destindere, pentru
motoarele cu aprindere prin scanteie sunt:
pz
pd
pd 3.59
md
T d
( bari)
T d 1402.848
md 1
( K)
T
6. Verificarea valorii adoptate pentru temperatura r
Cunoscand presiunea si temperatura la sfarsitul cursei de destindere , se poate
T
verifica temperatura gazelor reziduale r admise.
Eroarea adimisibila intre valoarea temperaturii gazelor reziduale adoptata anterior, la
calculul procesului de admisie si cea care se obtine prin calcul cu ajutorul relatiei de mai jos, nu
trebuie sa fie mai mare de 10 %.
r1
Td
3
pd
pr
r1 959.849
( K)
p' i
pc
1 1 1 1 1
md 1
mc1
1 md 1
mc 1
p' i 9.865
( bari)
si
r 0.94 0.97
r 0.95
0 0.75 1.00
0 1
p i 0 pa pr
p i 0.3
( bari)
Atunci presiunea medie indicata a ciclului de calcul rotunjit este data de relatia:
pi r p' i p i
pi 9.072
( bari)
Li
Hi
sau altfel
i 8.315
pi M1 0
p0 v Hi
i 0.335
Hi 43500
kJ
kg
daca: R 29.27
gi 27000
0 v
Log pi
Log ma L0
gi 185.165
p0
4
10
R 0
CP h
m 0.9
pe m pi
pe 8.165
( bari)
Vt pe n
900
Ne 96.486
( CP )
gi
m
kg
Gt 19.851
Nl 54.431
CP h
ge 205.739
CP
l
Pe 71.94 ( kW)
Pex nx Pe 1
n
n
n
nx
P n
4 ex x
Mex nx 3 10
nx
( kW)
( N m)
2
nx nx
kW h
kg
Mex n x
g ex n x
Gtx n x
200
Pex n x
100
0
3
2 10
3 10
4 10
5 10
nx
6 10
nx
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500
5600
5700
5800
5900
6000
6100
6200
6300
6400
6500
rot
min
Pex nx
Mex nx
29.309
30.907
32.504
34.096
35.682
37.261
38.829
40.385
41.928
43.454
44.963
46.451
47.917
49.36
50.776
52.165
53.523
54.85
56.143
57.399
58.618
59.797
60.933
62.026
63.073
64.072
65.021
65.917
66.76
67.547
68.276
68.946
69.553
70.096
70.573
70.983
71.322
71.589
71.783
71.9
71.94
71.9
71.778
71.571
71.279
70.899
139.94
140.544
141.085
141.562
141.975
142.325
142.611
142.834
142.993
143.088
143.12
143.088
142.993
142.834
142.611
142.325
141.975
141.562
141.085
140.544
139.94
139.272
138.54
137.745
136.887
135.964
134.978
133.929
132.816
131.639
130.398
129.094
127.727
126.296
124.801
123.242
121.62
119.935
118.186
116.373
114.496
112.556
110.552
108.485
106.354
104.16
( kW)
gex nx
( N m)
187.451
185.679
184.022
182.479
181.05
179.736
178.535
177.45
176.478
175.621
174.878
174.249
173.735
173.335
173.049
172.878
172.82
172.878
173.049
173.335
173.735
174.249
174.878
175.621
176.478
177.45
178.535
179.736
181.05
182.479
184.022
185.679
187.451
189.337
191.337
193.451
195.68
198.023
200.481
203.053
205.739
208.539
211.454
214.483
217.626
220.883
Gtx nx
kW h
5.494
5.739
5.981
6.222
6.46
6.697
6.932
7.166
7.399
7.631
7.863
8.094
8.325
8.556
8.787
9.018
9.25
9.482
9.715
9.949
10.184
10.419
10.656
10.893
11.131
11.369
11.608
11.848
12.087
12.326
12.564
12.802
13.038
13.272
13.503
13.732
13.956
14.176
14.391
14.6
14.801
14.994
15.178
15.351
15.512
15.66
kg
mc
px Vx
mc
Va
mc
px Vx pa
Vx
Vx
px Vx
0.0466
0.0910
0.1353
0.1796
0.2239
0.2682
0.3125
0.3569
0.4012
0.4455
0.4898
19.391
7.977
4.706
3.228
2.407
1.893
1.545
1.295
1.108
0.964
0.85
Vd Va
Vz Vc
pz
pmax
pz
ln
pd
md
md 1.28
Vd
ln
Vz
Vs
Vy Vc Vc
Vc Vs
10
pz Vz
md
py Vy
md
Vz
py Vy pz
Vy
md
Vy
py Vy
0.047
0.091
0.135
0.18
0.224
0.268
0.313
0.357
0.401
0.445
0.49
Vc
72.819
30.974
18.637
12.967
9.778
7.76
6.381
5.385
4.635
4.054
3.59
dm3
padm
dm
pard
Vc
dm3
p0
Vc
Vr
Va
dm3
Vadm
Vard
V0
Va
Vc
Vc
Va
Va 0.49
pr
pa
pa
px Vc
py Vc
( MPa)
( MPa)
p0
( MPa)
pr
( MPa)
p0
pr
Vc 0.047
p adm
p x Vx
p y Vy
p ard
p0
pr
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4
Vadm Vy VxVard V0
S
1
s 9.053
( mm )
' 0.322
0 15 720
x ( ) S
pa 0.85
Ss
pcx ( ) pa
x( ) s
mc
( bari)
pdx ( ) pz
x
(
md
( bari)
In aceste relatii:
pcx-presiunea corespunzatoare deplasarii x a pistonului in timpul cursei de comprimare
pdx-presiunea corespunzatoare deplasarii x a pistonului in timpul cursei de destindere
pa-presiunea la sfirsitul cursei de admisie
pz-presiunae teoretica la sfirsitul procesului de ardere
x-cursa pistonului, masurata din P.M.I.
-unghiul de rotatie al arborelui cotit, considerat zero la inceputul ciclului motor.
`-raportul dintre lungimea bielei si lungimea bratului arborelui cotit
s-inaltimea cilindrului de diametru D (alezajul) si acelasi volum cu camera de ardere
In timpul unui ciclu de functionare, arborele cotit efectueaza doua rotatii complete, deci
variaza intre 0 si 720 grade. Legatura dintre variatia unghiului de rotatie a arborelui motor si
procesele de lucru este data in tabelul de mai jos.
1 0 15 180
pa 1 0.85
pr 2 1.15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
690
705
720
x( )
0
1.929
7.492
16.056
26.692
38.33
49.923
60.588
69.692
76.867
81.97
84.999
86
84.999
81.97
76.867
69.692
60.588
49.923
38.33
26.692
16.056
7.492
1.929
0
1.929
7.492
16.056
26.692
38.33
49.923
60.588
69.692
76.867
81.97
84.999
86
84.999
81.97
76.867
69.692
60.588
49.923
38.33
26.692
16.056
7.492
1.929
0
pa 1
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
...
cos ( deg)
pcx ( )
19.391
14.998
8.696
4.993
3.121
2.146
1.604
1.286
1.092
0.972
0.9
...
pr 2
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
pdx ( )
72.819
56.867
33.655
19.731
12.555
8.752
6.614
5.346
4.568
4.086
3.795
...
1
0.966
0.866
0.707
0.5
0.259
0
-0.259
-0.5
-0.707
-0.866
-0.966
-1
-0.966
-0.866
-0.707
-0.5
-0.259
0
0.259
0.5
0.707
0.866
0.966
1
0.966
0.866
0.707
0.5
0.259
0
-0.259
-0.5
-0.707
-0.866
-0.966
-1
-0.966
-0.866
-0.707
-0.5
-0.259
0
0.259
0.5
0.707
0.866
0.966
1
b) Rotunjirea diagramei
Pentru a putea trece la rotunjirea diagramei indicate trebuiesc adoptate cotele de reglaj ale
motorului.Se adopta urmatoarele cote de reglaj:
-Pavans
c la aprindere =200 inainte de P.M.S.
0
1
0
0
0.95
-avans la deschiderea supapei de admisie =150 inainte de P.M.S.
1 la
15inchiderea
0.95
-intarziere
supapei de admisie dupa P.M.S.
2 30 0.95
-avans 3la deschiderea
supapei de evacuare =450 inainte de P.M.S.
45 0.95
4 60 0.95
-intarziere
la inchiderea supapei de evacuare =150 dupa P.M.S.
5 75 0.95
6 90 0.95
Se adopta coeficientul de rotunjire al diagramei indicate:
7 105 0.95
8 120 0.95
p' c 1.3 pc
9 135
0.95
0.85 0.9
0.85
10 150 0.95
11 165
p' z 0.95
pz
p' z 61.896
p' c 25.208
12 180
1
13 195 1.1
Diagrama
BRIKS
14 210
1.15
15 225 1.5
Cu240
ajutorul
16
1.9 diagramei Briks se determina presiunile in functie
cu verticala.
17 255 2.1
18 270 2.7
r
19 285 3.9
OO1
OO1 12.3 ( mm )
2
20 300 6.3
21 315 10.8
22 330 19
(vezi diagrama)
23 345 63
24 360 62.9
25 375 45.3
26 390 24
27 405 15.9
28 420 11
29 435 8.5
30 450
7
31 465 6.2
32 480 5.8
33 495
5
34 510 3.5
35 525 2.8
36 540
2
37 555 1.7
38 570 1.1
39 585
1
40 600 0.95
41 615 0.95
42 630 0.95
43 645 0.95
44 660 0.95
45 675 0.95
46 690 0.95
47 705 0.95
48 720 0.95
1
pcil Pc
0
Pc
p cil
65
62.292
59.583
56.875
54.167
51.458
48.75
46.042
43.333
40.625
37.917
35.208
32.5
29.792
27.083
24.375
21.667
18.958
16.25
13.542
10.833
8.125
5.417
2.708
0
0 46.87593.75
140.625
187.5
234.375
281.25
328.125375421.875
468.75
515.625
562.5
609.375
656.25
703.125750
2 n
60
rad
628.319
Toate punctele manivelei sint supuse unei acceleratii centripete, care pentru cazul
particular al manetonului este: aM= r
r
r 43
aM r
( mm )
aM 1.698 10
mm
aM 1.393 10
2
s
2
s
Cilindreea unitara :
Cilindreea totala :
S 64 ( mm )
1 1
5 3
r
Vs
2
D
Vt i Vs
S
2
r 32 ( mm )
0.3
2 r
L 106.667
( mm )
Vs 3.298 10
Vt 1.319 10
Vs
Vc
1
mm3
mm3
Vc 3.471 10
mm3
Va 3.645 10
Volumul cilindrului :
Va Vs Vc
Inaltimea pistonului:
Inaltimea cilindrului:
H S h
mm3
h 48.96 ( mm )
H 112.96 ( mm )
Pistonul efectueaza o miscare de translatie alternativa intre cele doua punti motoare. Deplasarea
pistonului S se masoara in raport cu PMI .
0 10 360
S1=armonica de ordin I
S1 ( ) r ( 1 cos ( deg) )
S2=armonica de ordin II
S2 ( ) r ( 1 cos ( 2 deg) )
4
S ( ) S1 ( ) S2 ( )
( mm )
( mm )
S1 ( )
S2 ( )
0
0
1
0
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
6
7
S( )
0
0.486
0
1
0
0.145
1.93
0.561
4.287
1.2
7.487
1.983
11.431
2.817
60
16
3.6
70
21.055
4.239
80
26.443
4.655
90
32
( deg)
( mm )
4.8
10
100
10
37.557
10
4.655
11
110
11
42.945
11
4.239
12
120
12
48
12
3.6
13
130
13
52.569
13
2.817
14
140
14
56.513
14
1.983
15
150
15
59.713
15
1.2
16
160
16
62.07
16
0.561
17
170
17
63.514
17
0.145
18
180
18
64
18
19
190
19
63.514
19
0.145
20
200
20
62.07
20
0.561
21
210
21
59.713
21
1.2
22
220
22
56.513
22
1.983
23
230
23
52.569
23
2.817
24
240
24
48
24
3.6
25
250
25
42.945
25
4.239
26
260
26
37.557
26
4.655
27
270
27
32
27
4.8
28
280
28
26.443
28
4.655
29
290
29
21.055
29
4.239
30
300
30
16
30
3.6
31
310
31
11.431
31
2.817
32
320
32
7.487
32
1.983
33
330
33
4.287
33
1.2
34
340
34
1.93
34
0.561
35
350
35
0.486
35
0.145
36
360
36
36
( mm )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
0 ( mm )
0.631
2.491
5.487
9.47
14.248
19.6
25.294
31.099
36.8
42.212
47.183
51.6
55.386
58.497
60.913
62.632
63.659
64
63.659
62.632
60.913
58.497
55.386
51.6
47.183
42.212
36.8
31.099
25.294
19.6
14.248
9.47
5.487
2.491
0.631
0
180
S1
S2
S
20
40
60
80
64
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Viteza pistonului
Viteza pistonului se obtine prin derivarea expresiei deplasarii pistonului in raport cu timpul:
w
dx
d
dx d
d d
dx
n 6000
Astfel:
30
0 10 360
628.319
rad
s
rot
min
w 1 ( ) 10
w 2 ( )
10
r
sin ( deg)
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
RAC
0
0
0
1 3.491
2 6.877
310.053
412.924
515.402
617.412
718.894
819.801
920.106
1019.801
1118.894
1217.412
1315.402
1412.924
1510.053
16 6.877
17 3.491
18
0
19-3.491
20-6.877
21
-10.053
22
-12.924
23
-15.402
24
-17.412
25
-18.894
26
-19.801
27
-20.106
28
-19.801
29
-18.894
30
-17.412
31
-15.402
32
-12.924
33
-10.053
34-6.877
35-3.491
36
-0
w1( )
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
w ( ) w 1 ( ) w 2 ( )
r sin ( deg)
w2( )
w ( )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
0
0.524
1.032
1.508
1.939
2.31
2.612
2.834
2.97
3.016
2.97
2.834
2.612
2.31
1.939
1.508
1.032
0.524
0
-0.524
-1.032
-1.508
-1.939
-2.31
-2.612
-2.834
-2.97
-3.016
-2.97
-2.834
-2.612
-2.31
-1.939
-1.508
-1.032
-0.524
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
0
4.015
7.908
11.561
14.863
17.713
20.024
21.728
22.771
23.122
22.771
21.728
20.024
17.713
14.863
11.561
7.908
4.015
0
-4.015
-7.908
-11.561
-14.863
-17.713
-20.024
-21.728
-22.771
-23.122
-22.771
-21.728
-20.024
-17.713
-14.863
-11.561
-7.908
-4.015
-0
25
90
270
24.616
20.833
16.667
12.5
8.333
w1 ( )
4.167
w2 ( )
w ( )
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
4.167
8.333
12.5
16.667
w1
w2
w
20.833
24.616
25
Acceleratia pistonului a se stabileste prin derivarea functiei care exprima viteza lui in raport cu
timpul .
a
dw
d
dw d
d d
dw
d
a2 ( ) 10
r cos ( deg)
2
s
r cos ( 2 deg)
a ( ) a1 ( ) a2 ( )
2
s
2
s
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
a1 ( )
a2 ( )
a( )
0
012633.094
112441.169
211871.225
3 10940.58
4 9677.511
5 8120.396
6 6316.547
7 4320.772
8 2193.714
9
0
10-2193.714
11-4320.772
12-6316.547
13-8120.396
14-9677.511
15-10940.58
16
-11871.225
17
-12441.169
18
-12633.094
19
-12441.169
20
-11871.225
21-10940.58
22-9677.511
23-8120.396
24-6316.547
25-4320.772
26-2193.714
27
-0
282193.714
294320.772
306316.547
318120.396
329677.511
3310940.58
34
11871.225
35
12441.169
36
12633.094
0
0 3789.928
1 3561.367
2 2903.253
3 1894.964
4 658.114
5 -658.114
6-1894.964
7-2903.253
8-3561.367
9-3789.928
10
-3561.367
11
-2903.253
12
-1894.964
13 -658.114
14 658.114
151894.964
162903.253
173561.367
183789.928
193561.367
202903.253
211894.964
22 658.114
23 -658.114
24
-1894.964
25
-2903.253
26
-3561.367
27
-3789.928
28
-3561.367
29
-2903.253
30
-1894.964
31 -658.114
32 658.114
331894.964
342903.253
353561.367
363789.928
0
0
16423.022
1
16002.536
2
14774.478
3
12835.544
4
10335.625
5 7462.282
6 4421.583
7 1417.519
8-1367.654
9-3789.928
10
-5755.081
11
-7224.026
12
-8211.511
13 -8778.51
14
-9019.397
15
-9045.616
16
-8967.972
17
-8879.801
18
-8843.166
19
-8879.801
20
-8967.972
21
-9045.616
22
-9019.397
23 -8778.51
24
-8211.511
25
-7224.026
26
-5755.081
27
-3789.928
28
-1367.654
291417.519
304421.583
317462.282
32
10335.625
33
12835.544
34
14774.478
35
16002.536
36
16423.022
2 10
140
220
1.75 10
1.5 10
1.25 10
1 10
7.5 10
a1( )
5 10
a2( )
2.5 10
3
3
a( )
3
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
2.5 10
5 10
7.5 10
1 10
1.25 10
a1
a2
a
9866.5
1.5 10
2.Cinematica bielei
Deplasarea unghiulara a bielei
Biela descrie o miscare plan paralela , axa ei fiind permanent situata intr-un plan
perpendicular pe axa de rotatie a arborelui cotit . Aceasta miscare este studiata considerand-o drept
o miscare complexa , in raport cu un punct fix .
0.3
0 5 360
( ) asin ( sin ( deg) )
180
20
17.5
15
12.5
10
7.5
5
2.5
( )
2.5
0 18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 360
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
200
rad
s
180
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
b( )
20
0 18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 360
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.5 10
1.2 10
9 10
6 10
3 10
b( )
0 18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 360
4
3 10
6 10
9 10
1.2 10
1.5 10
2
D
Ap 5152.997
mm2
Ap 0.00528
m2
pcarter
-presiunea gazelor:
pg pcil pcarter
Fp 10 pg Ap
0
Pc
( N)
p0
patmosferica
Fp
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
0
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
0
52.8
79.2
264
475.2
580.8
897.6
1531.2
2798.4
5174.4
9504
32736
32683.2
23390.4
12144
7867.2
5280
3960
3168
2745.6
2534.4
2112
1320
950.4
528
369.6
52.8
0
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
-26.4
...
( N)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
0 RAC
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
690
...
pg
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
0
0.1
0.15
0.5
0.9
1.1
1.7
2.9
5.3
9.8
18
62
61.9
44.3
23
14.9
10
7.5
6
5.2
4.8
4
2.5
1.8
1
0.7
0.1
0
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
...
pcil
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
0
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1
1.1
1.15
1.5
1.9
2.1
2.7
3.9
6.3
10.8
19
63
62.9
45.3
24
15.9
11
8.5
7
6.2
5.8
5
3.5
2.8
2
1.7
1.1
1
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
...
3.5 10
3.214 10
2.929 10
2.643 10
2.357 10
2.071 10
1.786 10
Fp
1.5 10
1.214 10
9.286 10
6.429 10
3.571 10
714.286
3 0 46.87593.75140.625187.5234.375281.25328.125 375 421.875468.75515.625562.5609.375656.25703.125 750
2.143 10
5 10
l2
mb
l1
mb
m2
Masa bielei mb se adopta pornind de la masa raportata a bielei care este in functie de tipul motorului
(in acest caz M.A.S.) :
D 8.2 ( cm)
( 25 30)
mb
2
D
mb 30
( g)
mb 1584.305( g)
( 0.2 0.3) mb
frecvent,
m1 0.275 mb
m1 435.684
( g)
m1 kg
( 0.435
)
m2
( 0.7 0.8) mb
frecvent,
m2 0.725 mb
m2 1148.621
( g)
)
m2 ( kg
1.148
mp mbolt mseg
se poate aproxima:
k 15 30
k 30
mgp k Ap
ma mgp m1
mgp 0.158
ma 0.593
( kg)
( kg)
mc m2
mc
mM 2 mbM
mc 20 Ap
mc 0.106 ( kg)
mr 1.254 ( kg)
ma a
ma r ( cos ( ) cos ( 2 ) )
Fit ( ) ma a ( )
3
6 10
4.4 10
2.8 10
1.2 10
400 0
Fit( )
60
120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
2 10
3.6 10
5.2 10
6.8 10
8.4 10
1 10
Fr mr r
Fr 15836.846
( N)
( N)
2 10
1.667 10
1.333 10
1 10
6.667 10
Frx
Fry
3.333 10
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
360
405
450
495
540
585
630
675
720
3.333 10
6.667 10
1 10
1.333 10
1.667 10
2 10
( N)
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
690
...
Fit ( )
Fp
F( )
0
0 -9745.421
1 -9188.684
2 -7616.612
3 -5300.81
4 -2623.767
5
7.411
6 2248.943
7 3887.873
8 4872.711
9 5300.81
10 5367.669
11 5293.399
12 5247.534
13 5293.399
14 5367.669
15 5300.81
16 4872.711
17 3887.873
18 2248.943
19
7.411
20-2623.767
21 -5300.81
22-7616.612
23-9188.684
24-9745.421
25-9188.684
26-7616.612
27 -5300.81
28-2623.767
29
7.411
30 2248.943
31 3887.873
32 4872.711
33 5300.81
34 5367.669
35 5293.399
36 5247.534
37 5293.399
38 5367.669
39 5300.81
40 4872.711
41 3887.873
42 2248.943
43
7.411
44-2623.767
45 -5300.81
46-7616.612
47
...
0
0
-26.4
1
-26.4
2
-26.4
3
-26.4
4
-26.4
5
-26.4
6
-26.4
7
-26.4
8
-26.4
9
-26.4
10
-26.4
11
-26.4
12
0
13
52.8
14
79.2
15
264
16
475.2
17
580.8
18
897.6
19 1531.2
20 2798.4
21 5174.4
22
9504
23 32736
24 32683.2
25 23390.4
26 12144
27 7867.2
28
5280
29
3960
30
3168
31 2745.6
32 2534.4
33
2112
34
1320
35
950.4
36
528
37
369.6
38
52.8
39
0
40
-26.4
41
-26.4
42
-26.4
43
-26.4
44
-26.4
45
-26.4
46
-26.4
47
...
0
0( N
-9771.821
)
1 -9215.084
2 -7643.012
3 -5327.21
4 -2650.167
5
-18.989
6 2222.543
7 3861.473
8 4846.311
9
5274.41
10 5341.269
11 5266.999
12 5247.534
13 5346.199
14 5446.869
15 5564.81
16 5347.911
17 4468.673
18 3146.543
19 1538.611
20 174.633
21
-126.41
22 1887.388
2323547.316
2422937.779
2514201.716
26 4527.388
27 2566.39
28 2656.233
29 3967.411
30 5416.943
31 6633.473
32 7407.111
33 7412.81
34 6687.669
35 6243.799
36 5775.534
37 5662.999
38 5420.469
39 5300.81
40 4846.311
41 3861.473
42 2222.543
43
-18.989
44 -2650.167
45 -5327.21
46 -7643.012
47
...
( N)
( N)
3.5 10
F' 3.05 10
0
4
4
0 -1.10910
2.6 10
1 -1.04410 4
3
2 -8.60910
4
2.15
10
3 -5.92310 3
4 -2.8410 3
4
Fit( ) 5 1.7 10
158.013
6 2.66510 3
4
Fp
3
10
71.254.43610
8 5.42510 3
F( )
3
3
9 85.76510
10
10 5.70610 3
3
3
11 5.52810
c 1
Fit
Fp
F
0
1
1 0.997
2 0.987
3 0.974
4
0.96
5
0.95
6 0.947
7
0.95
8
0.96
9 0.974
10 0.987
11 0.997
3.5 10
3
12 5.44210
12
1
3
13 5.53310
13 0.997
3
1 10 0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
14 5.73310 3
14 0.987
3
15 5.84410
15 0.974
3
5.55.55710
10
3
16
16
0.96
3
17 4.67410
17
0.95
4
10
3
18 13.06110
18 0.947
19
818.013
19
0.95
20 -1.70410 3
20
0.96
21 -3.83810 3
21 0.974
3
22 -4.67510
22 0.987
r
L
r
sin ( )
sin ( )
23unghiului
-2.80910 3rezulta din teorema
23 0.997
Valorile
sinusurilor:
sin ( )
sin ( )
L
4
24 1.87710
24
1
25 1.77310 4
25 0.997
180
3 ( sin ( deg26
( ) asin
) ) 0.987
26 8.15510
27 3.87110 3
27 0.974
28 3.28510 3
28
0.96
3
29
4.30310
29
0.95
Forta rezultanta aplicata asupra pistonului
se descompune in componentele:
30 5.70110 3
30 0.947
31 6.81210
31
0.95
- dirijata
dupa 3axa bielei:
32 7.37910 3
32
0.96
F
(
)
3
33 7.45510
33 0.974
B
( N)
cos ( ( ) deg) c 1
cos34
( ( 0.987
) deg)
34 7.13210 3
35 6.71610 3
35 0.997
36 6.20710 3
36
1
37 6.08210 3
37 0.997
38 5.91810 3
38 0.987
39 5.92310 3
39 0.974
40 5.58410 3
40
0.96
41 4.59510 3
41
0.95
42 2.82310 3
42 0.947
43
316.413
43
0.95
3
44 -2.68110
44
0.96
45 -5.76510 3
45 0.974
46 -8.4510 3
46 0.987
47 -1.02810 4
47 0.997
48 -1.09310 4
48
1
( N)
F'
B
c1
F( )
B
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
F'
0
-11090 ( N )
-10471.4142
-8722.3911
-6081.1088
-2958.3333
166.3295
2814.1499
4669.4737
5651.0417
5918.8912
5781.155
5544.6339
5442
5549.6489
5808.5106
6000
5788.5417
4920
3232.3126
861.0663
-1775
-3940.4517
-4736.5755
-2817.4524
18770
17783.3501
8262.4113
3974.3326
3421.875
4529.4737
6020.0634
7170.5263
7686.4583
7654.0041
7225.9372
6736.2086
6207
6100.3009
5995.9473
6081.1088
5816.6667
4836.8421
2980.9926
333.0663
-2792.7083
-5918.8912
-8561.2969
...
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
690
...
2 10
1.75 10
1.5 10
1.25 10
1 10
7.5 10
5 10
B
2.5 10
45
90
135
180
225 270
315
360
405
450 495
540
585
2.5 10
5 10
7.5 10
1 10
1.25 10
1.5 10
F ( ) tan ( ( ) deg)
F( )
F'
tan ( ( ) deg)
630
675
720
F'
0
0 -11090
1 -10440
2
-8609
3
-5923
4
-2840
5 158.013
6
2665
7
4436
8
5425
9
5765
10
5706
11
5528
12
5442
13
5533
14
5733
15
...
( N)
tg
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
N ( F' tg)
0
0.084
0.163
0.234
0.29
0.327
0.34
0.327
0.29
0.234
0.163
0.084
0
-0.084
-0.163
-0.234
( N)
0
0
1
-876.96
2 -1.40310 3
3 -1.38610 3
4
-823.6
5
51.67
6
906.1
7 1.45110 3
8 1.57310 3
9 1.34910 3
10 930.078
11 464.352
12
0
13 -464.772
14 -934.479
15
...
2.5 10
2.179 10
1.857 10
1.536 10
1.214 10
892.857
571.429
N
250
71.429 0
45
90
135 180 225 270 315 360 405 450 495 540 585 630 675 720
392.857
714.286
3
1.036 10
1.357 10
1.679 10
2 10
c 2
0
0
-11090
1 -10471.414
2 -8722.391
3 -6081.109
4 -2958.333
5
166.329
6
2814.15
7 4669.474
8 5651.042
9 5918.891
10 5781.155
11 5544.634
12
5442
13 5549.649
14 5808.511
15
...
Z B c 2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
c2
1
0.941
0.774
0.528
0.239
-0.054
-0.322
-0.546
-0.722
-0.85
-0.935
-0.984
-1
-0.984
-0.935
-0.85
0
0
-11090
1 -9853.601
2 -6751.131
3 -3210.825
4 -707.042
5
-8.982
6 -906.156
7 -2549.533
8 -4080.052
9 -5031.057
10 -5405.38
11 -5455.92
12
-5442
13 -5460.855
14 -5430.957
15
...
2 10
1.75 10
1.5 10
1.25 10
1 10
7.5 10
5 10
Z
2.5 10
45
90
135 180 225 270 315 360 405 450 495 540
2.5 10
5 10
7.5 10
1 10
1.25 10
1.5 10
0
0
1
4.453
2
8.627
3 12.247
4 15.059
5 16.845
6 17.458
( ) 7 16.845
8 15.059
9 12.247
10 8.627
585 630 675 720
11 4.453
12
0
13 -4.453
14 -8.627
15
...
-dirijata dupa tangenta la circumferinta descrisa de raza manivelei si numita forta tangentiala
T
0
0 -1.10910 4
1 -1.04710 4
2 -8.72210 3
3 -6.08110 3
4 -2.95810 3
5
166.329
6 2.81410 3
7 4.66910 3
8 5.65110 3
9 5.91910 3
10 5.78110 3
11 5.54510 3
12 5.44210 3
13 5.5510 3
14 5.80910 3
15
...
s
T ( B s )
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
0.338
0.633
0.85
0.971
0.999
0.947
0.838
0.692
0.528
0.354
0.177
0
-0.177
-0.354
-0.528
0
0
0
1 -3.53910 3
2 -5.52110 3
3 -5.16910 3
4 -2.87310 3
5
166.163
6 2.66510 3
7 3.91310 3
8 3.91110 3
9 3.12510 3
10 2.04710 3
11
981.4
12
0
13 -982.288
14 -2.05610 3
15
...
8 10
6.6 10
5.2 10
3.8 10
2.4 10
T
1 10
400 0
45
90
135 180 225 270 315 360 405 450 495 540 585 630 675 720
1.8 10
3.2 10
4.6 10
6 10
sin ( )
cos ( )
T r
r 0.032
M ( T r)
( m)
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
M
25
45
90
135
180
225 270
315
360
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
405
450 495
540
585
630
675
720
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
...
0
0
0
1 -113.259
2 -176.681
3 -165.406
4 -91.921
5
5.317
6
85.28
7 125.217
8 125.137
9 100.006
10 65.489
11 31.405
12
0
13 -31.433
14 -65.799
15 -101.376
16 -128.181
17 -131.935
18 -97.952
19 -27.527
20 55.153
21 107.18
22 95.944
23 30.474
24
0
25 192.345
26 167.363
27 108.102
28 106.325
29 144.798
30 182.432
31 192.285
32 170.209
33 129.322
34 81.855
35 38.154
36
0
37 -34.552
38 -67.922
39 -102.746
40 -128.804
41 -129.705
42 -90.336
43 -10.647
44 86.775
45 160.994
46
...
rez
Madmisie
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Mcompresie
0
-111.198
-173.561
-162.502
-90.335
5.175
83.712
122.958
122.876
98.201
64.307
30.837
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
-30.865
-64.617
-99.572
-125.921
-129.648
-96.384
-27.385
53.567
104.276
92.825
28.477
0
Mdestindere
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
194.297
170.483
111.006
107.91
144.664
180.864
190.027
167.948
127.518
80.673
37.586
0
Mevacuare
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
-33.984
-66.74
-100.942
-126.544
-127.418
-88.768
-10.505
85.189
158.09
170.319
109.57
0
Mrezultant
180
Mrezm
i 4
180
0
Mrezultant d
0
0
0
1
18.25
2 -134.435
3 -252.01
4 -234.89
5 -107.227
6 79.424
7 275.095
8 429.58
9 488.085
10 408.124
11 206.47
12
0
n 0 12
i 15
Mrezm
180
Mrezultantn
n
Mrezm 392.155
Mrezm
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
392.155
600
400
Madmisie
Mcompresie
200
Mdestindere
Mevacuare
Mrezultant
0
Mrezm
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
200
400
rez