Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DELTA DUNRII
Mamifere
Plante
Psri
Peti
Atlas
Reptile
i amfibieni
Insecte
Habitate
Peisaje
specifice
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Proiect cofinanat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regional prin Programul Operaional Sectorial Mediu.
Cuvnt inainte
Foreword
Liviu Mihaiu
Preedinte
Asociaia Salvai Dunrea i Delta
Liviu Mihaiu
President
Save the Danube and the Delta Association
A.SPECII / SPECIES
Mamifere / Mammals
Plante / Plants
Otraelul de balt / Common Bladderwort .......................... 20
Floarea miresei / Babys Breath ....................................... 21
Trifoia de balt / Water Clover........................................ 22
Nufr galben / Yellow Waterlily........................................ 23
Nufr alb / White Waterlily............................................. 24
Volbura de nisip / Sand Bindweed..................................... 25
Peti / Fish
Vineele / Knapweed..................................................... 28
Avatul / Asp................................................................ 93
Vduvia / Ide............................................................. 96
Lin / Tench................................................................. 98
Psri / Birds
Reptile i amfibieni
Buhaiul de balt / European Fire-bellied Toad...................... 115
Broasca estoas de uscat / Spur-thighed Tortoise.................. 116
Broasca estoas de ap / European Pond Turtle.................... 119
Vipera de step / Meadow Viper....................................... 120
Triton dobrogean / Danube Crested Newt............................ 122
arpele ru / Caspian Whipsnake...................................... 123
Molute i crustacee
Mollusks and shellfish
Scoica mic de ru / Thick Shelled River Mussel.................... 124
Racul / Danube Crayfish................................................. 125
Insecte / Insects
Vduva neagr / Mediterranean Black Widow....................... 126
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
Despre zonele strict protejate
About strictly protected areas.......................................... 173
Roca-Buhaiova............................................................ 178
Pdurea Letea / Letea Forest.......................................... 180
Lacul Nebunu / Lake Nebunu........................................... 182
Pdurea Caraorman / Caraorman Forest............................. 184
Srturi-Murighiol ........................................................ 185
Ariniul Erenciuc / Erenciuc Alder Grove............................. 187
Sacalin Ztoane .......................................................... 188
Grindul Lupilor / Lupilor Levee......................................... 190
Grindul Chituc / Chituc Levee.......................................... 191
Lacul Rotundu / Lake Rotundu......................................... 194
Vtafu-Lungule........................................................... 197
Belciug...................................................................... 202
Periteaca-Leahova....................................................... 203
Capul Doloman........................................................... 204
B.Habitate / Habitats
(1110) Bancuri de nisip acoperite permanent de un strat mic de
ap de mare / Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water
all the time . ............................................................144
(1310) Comuniti cu Salicornia i alte specii anuale care
colonizeaz regiunile mltinoase i nisipoase / Salicornia and
other annuals colonizing mud and....................................146
(1410) Pajiti halofile mediteraneene / Mediterranean salt
meadows.................................................................148
Istria-Sinoie................................................................ 205
C.Tradiii. Obiceiuri.
Arhitectur specific
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Oamenii din Delta Dunrii / Inhabitants of the Danube Delta..... 218
Pictur de icoane pe lemn, sticl icoane lipoveneti/ Handpainted icons on wood, glass - lipovan icons ........................ 230
A.Specii
|A.Species|
Mamifere
Vidra
Lutra lutra
Vidra vneaz de cele mai multe ori n grup, noaptea
i doar foarte rar, ziua. St cufundat sub ap pn
la 6-7 minute. Se hrnete cu peti, broate, raci i
mamifere mici. Vidra este ntlnit n Europa, vestul
i centrul Asiei i n nordul Africii. n Romnia, vidra
se simte bine n Delt i n rurile montane n care
abund pstrvii. Vidra se regsete n anexa II a
Directivei Consiliului 92/43/CEE/Formularul standard
NATURA 2000 SCI 0065 de interes conservativ la
nivel european, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Mamifere
Nurca european
Mustela lutreola
Nurca i sap galeriile pe malul apelor. Poate s noate i s se scufunde
pentru a se hrni cu peti, insecte sau mormoloci. Este un vntor
nverunat, chiar i cnd ntlnete un adversar mai puternic. Se gsete
n jurul apelor stttoare i curgtoare, la es, la deal i munte. Nurca este
un animal monogam. Se regsete n anexa II a Directivei Consiliului 92/43/
CEE/Formularul standard NATURA 2000 SCI 0065 de interes conservativ
la nivel european, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
European Mink
Mustela lutreola
Minks dig their burrows by the waters edge. They
swim and dive in order to catch fish, insects and
tadpoles. Minks are ferocious predators, even when
fighting a more powerful opponent. Minks live along
lakes or rivers flowing through plains, hills or mountain
slopes. Minks are monogamous animals. The mink
is included in Annex II to Council Directive 92/43/
EEC/NATURA 2000 SCI 0065 as a vulnerable species
present in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve - a
site of community importance designated as a special
area of conservation.
Mamifere
Hermelina
Mustela erminea
Ermine or Stout
Mustela erminea
Mamifere
Pisica slbatic
Felis silvestris
n Romnia este o specie relativ comun, rspndit
n Carpai, Subcarpai, dar i la es, n pdurile
ntinse i ferite. Adpostul este reprezentat de
scorburi, peteri i vizuinile altor animale. Hrana
const n oareci, pui de cprioar sau cerb i
diferite psri. Este un animal care prefer traiul
Wildcat
Felis silvestris
Wildcats are common in Romania, with a broad
distribution that extends from the Carpathians and
Subcarpathians to lowland regions. They usually
live in large and quiet forests, finding shelter in
hollows, caverns and sometimes abandoned dens.
Their diet includes vertebrates: mice, the fawns of
red deer and roe deer and different types of birds.
10
Mamifere
acalul auriu
Canis aureus
Golden Jackal
Canis aureus
Mamifere
Dihorul de step
Mustela eversmanni
Dihorul nu are o vizuin proprie, obinuind s
le foloseasc pe cele prsite de alte animale.
Nu se preocup mult de vizuin pentru c nu
triete prea mult ntr-un singur loc. De aceea,
adpostul lui pare ntotdeauna improvizat i lipsit
de rezisten. Dihorul de step este mai activ pe
timp de iarn, cnd se deplaseaz aproximativ
12-18 km pe zi. n timpul ninsorilor, migreaz n
zone favorabile, cum ar fi de-a lungul pantelor ori
n apropierea aezrilor umane. n anotimpurile
Steppe Polecat
Mustela eversmanni
The steppe polecat does not usually dig its own
burrow, instead using those abandoned by other
animals. Their home is not properly cared for, as they
dont live in one place for too long. For this reason,
their burrow usually seems improvised and unstable.
In winter, the steppe polecat is more active, and will
move approximately 12-18 km a day. During snows,
the steppe polecat migrates to favourable areas, such
as along the slopes of steppe ravines or near human
settlements. During warm seasons, when there is
11
12
Mamifere
Dihor ptat
Vormela peregusna
Marbled Polecat
Vormela peregusna
Mamifere
Cinele enot
Nyctereutes procyonoides
Cunoscut i ca bursuc cu barb datorit favoriilor
de la baza gtului care l fac uor recognoscibil. Animal
oportunist, se adpostete n vizuini prsite de viezuri sau
vulpi i doar dac nu reuete s gseasc astfel de locuri,
i construiete singur adpostul. Este o specie monogam.
Inamicii lui sunt cinii, vulpea i lupul.
Racoon Dog
Nyctereutes procyonoides
Also known as the bearded badger due to the long whiskerlike hairs around its neck. The racoon dog is an opportunistic
animal, finding shelter in the abandoned dens of badgers or
foxes, digging its own burrow only when needed. Racoon
dogs are monogamous. Its main predators are dogs, wolves
and foxes.
13
Mamifere
Vulpea
Vulpes vulpes
Red Fox
Vulpes vulpes
FOTO
14
Mamifere
Mistreul
Sus scrofa
Wild Boar
Sus scrofa
15
Mamifere
European
Ground Squirrel
Popndul
Spermophilus citellus Spermophilus citellus
Este o specie relativ comun care aparine familiei
veverielor. Popndul s-a adaptat la mediu astfel
nct s aib un orizont larg de vedere, fr s ias
cu totul din galerie ochii si mari i distanai l
ajut. Triete n colonii, ns fiecare popndu i
sap propria galerie. Popndul i petrece cea mai
mare parte a timpului sub pmnt, n galeriile sale
ntortocheate.
16
Mamifere
Delfinul
Delphinus delphis
Triete n Marea Neagr, unde se hrnete cu
peti pelagici (hamsie, prot, etc.), crustacei i
cefalopode. Vara poate s vin foarte aproape de
coast, iar toamna are loc mperecherea. Dup
10 luni de gestaie, femela nate de obicei un
pui de care are mare grij. Delfinii triesc, n
medie, 30 ani. Delfinul este o specie de interes
conservativ, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Short-beaked
Common Dolphin
Delphinus delphis
Short-beak common dolphins can be found in the
Black Sea and they predominantly feed on pelagic
fish (particularly European anchovy, sprat, etc.),
crustaceans and cephalopods. They can be often
spotted approaching the coastline during summer
months. Mating season occurs in autumn. After a
gestation period of 10 months, the female gives birth
to one calf that is very carefully looked after. Average
lifespan of common dolphins is 30 years. The Shortbeaked common dolphin is a vulnerable species of
community importance present in the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve.
17
18
Mamifere
Porcul de mare
Phocoena phocoena
Harbour porpoise
Phocoena phocoena
Mamifere
Common
Bottlenose Dolphin Delfinul cu bot gros
Tursiops truncatus
Tursiops truncatus
Common bottlenose dolphins are highly sociable
animals. Dolphin groups often work as a team to
protect themselves. Dolphins are highly intelligent
creatures, often performing acrobatic figures above
the water surface, especially when storms are
approaching or during mating season.
Dolphins are seriously threatened by fishermen who
accidentally catch them in their nets. Should we give
up naturally occurring dolphin acrobatic shows for
just a few kilos of fish?
19
Plante
Otraelul de balt
Utricularia vulgaris
Plant carnivor, Otrelul de balt crete n ape
stttoare sau lin curgtoare. Are ntre 4 i 8 flori
galbene care plutesc deasupra apei la captul unei
tije. i completeaz necesarul de azot i fosfor
prin digerarea zooplanctonului (organisme foarte
mici de natur animal ce plutesc n masa apei).
Common Bladderwort
Utricularia vulgaris
A carnivorous plant, the common bladderwort is
typically found growing in the shallow standing water
of ponds and small streams. It produces between 4 to
8 yellow flowers, which are held together on stems
slightly above the waters surface. It captures and
digests the zooplankton (small organisms that float
freely in different bodies of water) to supplement its
nutritional need for nitrogen and phosphorus.
20
Plants
Babys Breath
Floarea miresei
Gipsophyla paniculata Gipsophyla paniculata
Triete n habitate de step, nisipoase i
stncoase, adesea pe soluri calcaroase. Este
o plant frumoas, adesea folosit n buchete
decorative, dar dac o ntlnii, fii cumsecade i
nu o rupei pentru c este o specie vulnerabil n
Delta Dunrii. Poate fi observat n Perior, C.A.
Roseti, Caraorman i Letea.
21
Plante
Trifoiaul de balt
Marsilea quadrifolia
Este o ferig care i-a primit numele ca urmare a
asemnrii cu un trifoi cu patru foi. Se ntlnete
n anuri, iazuri i bltoace cu ap limpede.
Trifoiaul i va purta noroc dac l lai la locul
lui! Este o specie de interes conservativ la nivel
european, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Water Clover
Marsilea quadrifolia
The water clover is an aquatic fern that got the
name from its resemblance to the four-leaf
clover. The plant can be found in small channels,
clearwater ponds and lakes.
Water clovers bring good luck to their finders,
especially if they remain untouched! The water
clover is a vulnerable species of European
community importance, present in the Delta
Danube Biosphere Reserve.
22
Plants
Nufr galben
Nuphar lutea
Yellow Waterlily
Nuphar lutea
23
24
Plante
Nufr alb
Nymphaea alba
White Waterlily
Nymphaea alba
Plants
Volbura de nisip
Convolvulus persicus
Plant rar care se gsete pe litoralul nisipos al
Mrii Negre. Este inclus n Lista Roie a speciilor
aflate pe cale de dispariie. Dei se presupune
c odinioar a format o bordur compact ntre
Sulina i Sfntu Gheorghe, n prezent se gsete
izolat, fragmentar i n continu scdere.
Sand Bindweed
Convolvulus persicus
The sand bindweed is a rare plant found on the
sandy Black Sea coast. It is included in the Red List of
critically endangered species. Although it is believed
that sand bindweeds once formed a border between
Sulina and Sf. Gheorghe canals, today they can only be
found in small fragmented patches, with a constantly
diminishing habitat.
25
Plante
Sea Rocket
Cakile maritima
The Sea Rocket is a plant in the moustard family
which grows in clumps on sandy soils. It is in bloom
during spring when the flowers are purple. It
contains an acid with toxic effects on some animals.
Ridichioara de nisip
Cakile maritima
Ridichioara de nisip este o plant din familia
mutarului care crete n smocuri pe soluri
nisipoase. Primvara nflorete n nuane
purpurii. Cakile maritima conine un acid care
poate s aib efecte toxice asupra unor animale.
26
Plants
27
Plante
Knapweed
Centaurea pontica
Knapweeds are robust plants with spiny leaves having
the role to protect their flowers and seeds. The
knapweed is very similar to a closely related genera
from the Asteraceae family that grows abundantly in
sandy littoral areas.
Vineele
Centaurea pontica
Este o plant robust, cu spini prin intermediul
crora i apr florile i seminele. Seamn cu o
rud a sa care crete din belug pe solurile nisipoase.
Este o plant foarte rar ntlnit (n zona Sulina i la
Ciotic, la sud de Sf. Gheorghe), de interes conservativ
la nivel european, n pericol de dispariie iminent
din Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
28
Plants
Capul
arpelui
Echium
russicum
Floarea acestei specii
se aseamn cu un cap
de arpe care i scoate
limba; la nceput florile
sunt roii, iar apoi i
schimb culoarea spre
albastru, pe msura ce
mbtrnesc. nflorete
ntre lunile iunie i
septembrie, iar fructele
sale au forma unor
nuci. Este o specie de
interes conservativ la
nivel european, rar
n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Vipers
Bugloss
Echium
russicum
The flowers of this plant
are pointed like the head of
a viper, hence its common
name; the flowers start
off as reddish when in
bud stage and they later
open to reveal bright blue
petals. It is in bloom from
June to September and
bears nut-shaped fruits. It
is a species of community
importance, rarely found
in the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve.
29
Plante
Bujori
Orchis laxiflora elegans
Este o specie de orhidee cu flori de culoare violet. Forma
florilor, ca la mai toate orhideele, imit femele insectelor
polenizatoare, atrgnd masculii acestora pentru
polenizare. Este o plant adaptat la condiiile mltinoase,
de interes conservativ, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Lax-Flowered Orchid
Orchis laxiflora elegans
It is a species from the Orchidaceae family, with blue-purple
flowers. The flowers appearance imitate the shape of female
pollinators, thus attracting male pollinators. The plant is
well adapted to swampy soils. The Lax-flowered Orchid is
designated as a species of comunity importance, vulnerable
in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.
30
Plants
Orhidee piramidal
Anacamptis pyramidalis
Orhidee ale crei flori violete sunt aezate n form de
piramid. Se gsete n zone uscate i este polenizat
de fluturi i molii de noapte. Orhideea piramidal este o
specie de interes conservativ, vulnerabil n Rezervaia
Biosferei Delta Dunriii.
Pyramidal
Orchid
Anacamptis
pyramidalis
The Pyramidal orchid has dark
red-purple flowers arranged
in a compact pyramidal shape.
Pyramidal orchids can be found
in dry areas, prefering to be
pollinated by butterflies and
moths. The Puramidal orchid
is designated as a species
of comunity importance,
vulnerable in the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve.
31
Plante
Liana
greceasc
Periploca
graeca
Plant agtoare, specific
zonei mediteraneene, cu
tulpini lungi care ajung pn
la 25-30 m, mpletite ca nite
sfori. Lianele dau pdurilor
Deltei un aspect tropical!
Silk Vine
Periploca
graeca
The silk vine is a climbing plant,
specific to the Mediterenean
area, with long twisted stems
growing up to 25-30 m. Silk
vines give the Danube Delta a
tropical feel!
32
Plants
Mltini sau
Spnzul regal
Epipactis
atrorubens
Este o orhidee cu flori mari, cu nuane
de rou-nchis spre violet. Triete
n zonele mltinoase, are parfum de
vanilie i este polenizat n general de
albine. Mltinia este o plant de interes
conservativ, rar n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Dark Red
Helleborine
or Royal
Helleborine
Epipactis
atrorubens
It is an orchid with large flowers that
sometimes vary in colour, but are generally
dark reddish-purple. Helleborines can be
found in swampy areas and emit a strong
vanilla scent, which makes them highly
attractive for bees. Helleborines are a
species of community importance, only
rarely found in the Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve.
33
34
Plante
Stupinia sau
Untul vacii mirositor
Platanthera
bifolia
Lesser
Butterfly-Orchid
Platanthera
bifolia
Plants
Brndua de nisip
Colchicum
Merendera sobolifera Merendera sobolifera
Este nrudit cu brndua de toamn i are
dimensiuni mici, cu flori roz deschis-violaceu, cu
petale lungi ce dau senzaia c ar crete dintre
frunze. Prefer solurile umede i locurile nsorite.
Brndua este o specie de interes conservativ,
vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Este ntlnit doar n zona litoral, iar florile sale
pot fi admirate primvara un anotimp foarte
potrivit pentru vizitarea Deltei.
35
Strcul purpuriu
Ardea purpurea
Purple Heron
Ardea purpurea
36
Psri
Birds
Strcul galben
Ardeola ralloides
Squacco Heron
Ardeola ralloides
Ca majoritatea strcilor, este o specie aflat sub Like most herons, this species is protected
protecie special.
under the law.
37
38
Psri
Raa roie
Aythya Nyroca
Ferruginous Duck
Aythya Nyroca
Birds
Buhaiul de balt
Botaurus stellaris
Este o pasre care prefer traiul singuratic, n stufriuri ferite de aezrile umane. Buhaiul de balt
poate fi recunoscut dup strigtul pronunat pe care masculul l produce, pe care l putei asculta mai
ales la apus i nainte de rsritul soarelui. Buhaiului are o tehnic proprie de camuflare n stufriul
n care triete, fiind ajutat de liniile verticale din penajul su.
Denumirea popular i se trage de la asemnarea glasului cu sunetul buhaiului tradiional romnesc,
cntat de Anul Nou.
Eurasian Bittern
or Great Bittern
Botaurus stellaris
Usually solitary, the Great Bittern nests in open
reedbeds, keeping away from human settlements.
It can be easily recognized by the deep call of the
male, typically occurring at dawn and dusk. Its
striped feathers provide an excellent camouflage in
reedbeds.
The name Botaurus is the Latin for bull, because the
bitterns call resembles the bellowing of a bull.
39
Psri
Gsca cu gt rou
Branta ruficollis
Specie gregar, zboar n stoluri mixte, mpreun
cu grlia mare, n cutare de culturi agricole n
care se gsesc cereale grul, orzul i rapia sunt
printre preferatele ei. Are un zbor energic i rapid.
Gsc nordic, cuibrete n tundra siberian. n
toamn, aproximativ 60% din populaia global de
gte cu gt rou ierneaz n Delta Dunrii.
Principala ameninare se trage din asocierea ei n
stoluri de grli mare, specie admis la vntoare.
Red-breasted Goose
Branta ruficollis
The Red-breasted Goose is highly gregarious and
occurs in mixed flocks, regularly in association with
the Greater White-fronted Goose, flying together
in search of cereal crops such as wheat, barley
and rapeseed its favourite feeding grounds. These
birds have an energetic and rapid flight.
40
Birds
Prundraul de
srtur
Charadrius
alexandrinus
Kentish Plover
or Snowy Plover
Charadrius
alexandrinus
The call of Kentish Plovers is generally a mellow kuwheet, becoming a sharp krut when restless.
To protect their eggs from potential predators,
adults cover them with sand. They usually nest in
a ground scrape or in loose stones, surrounded by
little vegetation. Kentish Plovers mainly feed on
insects and aquatic larvae. In autumn they migrate to
warmer regions like eastern Africa, Arabia and India.
41
Psri
42
Birds
Chirighia neagr
Chilidonias niger
Whiskered Tern
Chilidonias niger
43
Psri
Barza alb
Ciconia ciconia
Barza alb este o pasre sociabil, obinuit s
triasc n apropierea omului. Cuibul este refolosit
mai muli ani la rnd chiar i zeci de ani. Primul
mascul care ajunge la cuib devine stpnul lui,
ns dac mai apar i ali masculi, se pornesc lupte
pentru stabilirea proprietarului final. n Romnia,
barza sosete primvara, n luna martie.
White Stork
Ciconia ciconia
The White Stork is a gregarious bird, adapted to living
near humans. The pair may use the same nest for
several years sometimes even for 10 years. Usually,
the first male which arrives at the
nest-site becomes its owner, but if other white stork
males happen to come, they are fighting to decide the
final owner. White Storks migrate to Romania during
spring, in March.
44
Birds
Barza neagr
Ciconia nigra
Barza neagr are conformaia celei albe, ns este
ceva mai mic. Cea mai mare parte din penaj este de
culoare neagr doar abdomenul este alb, iar ciocul
i picioarele sunt roii. Barza neagr se distinge prin
schimbarea nuanelor din penaj odat cu trecerea
anilor: adulii sunt de culoare neagra, cu reflexii
violete i verzui, iar roul este mai pal dect la
berzele tinere.
Black Stork
Ciconia nigra
The Black Stork has the same structure as the
closely related White Stork, but it is slightly
smaller. The beak and legs are red, the plumage is
all black, except for the white lower breast. The
plumage of adults black storks changes gradually
over time: the area corresponding to the black
feathers acquires a purplish green sheen and the
red becomes less bright.
45
Psri
Ereta de stuf
Circus aeruginosus
Ereta de stuf este o pasre prdtoare care prefer
roztoarele, psrile i reptilele. Migreaz solitar,
nu n stoluri, i i petrece iarna n Africa. Spre
deosebire de alte specii de rpitoare, ereta i
construiete cuibul pe sol. Prefer zonele compacte
de stufri i plaurii. Femela construiete cuibul,
iar masculul ajut doar la transportul materialelor.
Perechea are cuiburi false pentru odihn.
Delta Dunrii este unul dintre siturile-cheie pentru
conservarea speciei pe termen lung i, de aceea,
pasrea se bucur de protecie.
Eurasian Marsh-harrier
Circus aeruginosus
The Eurasian Marsh-harrier is a large predatory bird which
feeds on rodents, birds and reptiles. It is a solitary migrating
bird that avoids flocks and spends winter in Africa. Unlike
other birds of prey, Eurasian Marsh-harriers nest at ground
surface. They prefer dense reedbeds and marshlands. The
female usually builds the nest, while the male only helps to
collect nesting materials. The pair uses fake nests to roost.
The Danube Delta is one of the key-sites for long-term
conservation of the species, being protected under the law.
46
Birds
Dumbrveanca
Coracias garrulus
European Roller
Coracias garrulus
47
Psri
Lebda de var
Cygnus olor
Este o specie cu rspndire larg n Europa. n Delta Dunrii, situaia ei este stabil, aproximndu-se un
numr de 1000 de perechi cuibritoare. Se bazeaz ndeosebi pe hrana din ap, putnd s se scufunde cu
gtul ei lung la mai mult de un metru.
Lebda de var necesit cel puin 10 m de ap liber pentru a-i pregti zborul. Sunetul din timpul acestuia
este produs de aripi. Dei iarna este o perioad destul de grea pentru lebede, unele dintre ele rmn,
retrase n zona lagunar unde apele salmastre nghea ceva mai greu.
Mute Swan
Cygnus olor
Mute Swans have a wide distribution in Europe. Their situation in the Danube Delta is stable, with a population
of approximately 1,000 breeding pairs. They mainly feed on submerged aquatic vegetation which they reach
by plunging their more than one-meter long necks in deep waters.
The flight of Mute Swans is spectacular, needing at least 10 m of clear water surface to be able to run
and take off. The humming or musical buzzing associated with the Mute Swan comes from the vibrant
throbbing of the wings in flight. Although the winter season is pretty harsh for Mute Swans, some birds choose
to not migrate, withdrawing to the brackish waters of lagoon areas, which have a lower freezing point.
48
Birds
Lebda de iarn
Cygnus Cygnus
Whooper Swan
Cygnus Cygnus
49
Psri
Egreta mare
Egretta alba
Egreta mare este o specie protejat, aflat pe
cale de dispariie. Omul a contribuit la scderea
dramatic a efectivelor prin modificarea
habitatului i prin obiceiul (din trecut!) de a
vna egrete pentru penele nupiale, folosite n
scopuri ornamentale. Egreta mare cuibrete
Great Egret
Egretta alba
The Great Egret is a critically endangered species
protected under the law. Human activities have
largely contributed to the dramatic decrease in
population, now close to extinction due to habitat
loss and excessive hunting (in the past!) for
breeding feathers, used for ornamental purposes.
50
Birds
Egreta mic
Egretta garzetta
Little Egret
Egretta garzetta
51
Psri
oimul dunrean
Falco cherrug
Este un animal de prad care se hrnete n special
cu popndi i psri pe care le captureaz n zborul
su rapid i energic. La noi este o prezen rar,
Saker Falcon
Falco cherrug
The Saker Falcon is a raptor that mainly feeds on ground
squirrels and birds, captured during his rapid flight, with a
vigorous flapping of wings. It is a rare presence on Romanian
territory that can be found sometimes in the steppe regions of
Dobrudja and the West Plain. The Saker Falcon is a mediumsized falcon which often lives in mixed colonies, usually
associated with herons.
52
Birds
53
Psri
Codalbul
Haliaeetus
albicilla
Este una dintre cele mai mari psri de prad
din Europa. Vneaz peti, psri mici, reptile
sau mici mamifere, precum roztoarele,
avnd rolul de a ine sub control anumite
populaii. Se aseamn unui vultur, dar este
o acvil (acvilele sunt animale de prad, pe
cnd vulturii se hrnesc cu hoituri).
Pna la 60-70% dintre puii care prsesc cuibul
nu reuesc s treac de prima iarn, fapt
ntlnit la multe dintre psrile prdtoare.
Din acest motiv, rata de nmulire este extrem
de scazut, specia fiind n prezent ameninat.
Specialiti n ornitologie spun c, dup pelican,
codalbul este a doua emblem a Deltei.
White-tailed
Eagle
Haliaeetus
albicilla
The white-tailed Eagle is one of the largest
predators in Europe. Prey specimens can
often include fish, small birds, reptiles or
small mammals, such as rodents, having
a significant role in keeping the size of
certain populations under control. The
While-tailed Eagle resembles the vulture,
but is in fact an eagle (eagles are predators,
while vultures are birds scavenging on
carcasses).
Up to 60-70% of the young dont survive
the first winter after fledging the nest, as it
usually occurs with most predators. For this
reason, the breeding rate is extremely low,
the species being classified as vulnerable.
Ornithologists consider the White-tailed
Eagle as the second symbol of the Danube
Delta, after the pelican.
54
Birds
Piciorongul
Himantopus
himantopus
Black-winged Stilt
Himantopus
himantopus
The Black-winged Stilt has very long and fine reddishpink legs and black wings, hence its common name.
It is easily recognizable when flying due to the long
legs projected beyond the tail.
55
56
Psri
Birds
Strcul pitic
Ixobrychus minutes
Denumit i btlan, este oaspete de var la noi n ar i poate fi rar observat
deoarece prefer zonele retrase n care se poate camufla printre stufriuri.
Este un animal de prad, cu un cioc puternic i un gt lung care-l ajut s prind
insecte, crustacei, broate i peti de mici dimensiuni. Strcul pitic este o pasre
static ce prefer s se ascund n stuf n caz de pericol, n loc s zboare. Dac
strcului nu i e bine cu oameni n preajm, s-i respectm dorina!
Little Bittern
Ixobrychus minutes
The Little Bittern comes to Romania in summer. They can be rarely seen because
they prefer isolated areas such as reed beds, providing good camouflage.
Little Bitterns are predatory birds, with a strong bill and a long neck that allows
them to feed on insects, crustaceans, frogs and small fish. It is mainly a static bird,
when in danger preferring to hide behind reedbeds than to fly. If Little Bitterns
would rather stay away from humans, lets not try to convince them otherwise!
57
Psri
Slender-billed Gull
Larus genei
It resembles the Black-headed Gull, but this species is slightly larger and
heavier. The call is more nasal and harsher compared to the sounds uttered
by the Black-headed Gull. Its plumage is predominantly white, with silver and
black on the back.
Slender-billed Gulls come to Romania in summer. During winter they can be
found in the northern-east of the Mediterranean Sea and the southern part of
the Caspian Sea.
58
Birds
59
Psri
Pescruul
Mediteranean Gull
cu cap negru
Larus melanocephalus Larus melanocephalus
Are un ciripit aparte care aduce a mieunat. Prefer The Mediteranean Gull is a noisy species, with a
nasal yeah call. They prefer insects to aquatic
insectele de uscat i nu vieuitoarele acvatice.
organisms as their primary food.
Cuibrete n colonii, alturi de alte specii de
balt, precum pescruul rztor, chira de balt, This gull breeds in colonies, along with other
piciorongul, ciocntors. Se remarc printr-un ritual species, such as the Black-headed Gull, the
nupial impresionant, cu deschideri ale ciocului, common tern, the Black-winged Stilt and the Pied
Avocet. It is characterized by impressive courtship
ale aripilor i micri specifice ale gtului.
displays, including bill-tossing, wing-spreading and
n urma colonizrii Dobrogei dup Rzboiul de typical movements of the neck.
Independen, densitatea acestor psri a sczut Following the colonization of Dobrudja after the
treptat, pentru c n prezent s se cunoasc o Romanian Independence War, the Mediteranean
singur colonie n toat ara, aflat din nefericire Gulls have suffered a significant decrease in
population to the extent that today there is
n apropierea unei osele i a unei localiti.
only one colony in the entire country, which
unfortunately is located near a highroad and a
human settlement.
60
Birds
61
62
Psri
Birds
Strcul de noapte
Nycticorax nycticorax
Este o pasre frumoas i elegant, cu 2-3 pene
lungi ornamentale. Prefer s pescuiasc n amurg,
de unde i se trage i numele. De obicei formeaz
colonii mixte, alturi de egrete mici i alte specii de
63
Pelicanul cre
Pelecanus crispus
Penele de pe ceaf sunt cree, iar aripile superioare sunt
albe, pe cnd la pelicanii comuni sunt negre. n perioada de
reproducere, culoarea penajului este deosebit plumburiul
devine argintiu strlucitor. Sunt psri foarte sensibile dac
o colonie a fost deranjat ntr-un an, exist riscul ca n anul
urmtor psrile s evite acel loc. Este o specie periclitat la
nivel mondial.
Dalmatian Pelican
Pelecanus crispus
The Dalmatian Pelican has long curply nape feathers and the
upper part of the wings coloured in white, comparing with Great
White Pelicans which is black. During breeding, it has silverygrey plumage. Dalmatian Pelicans are very sensitive birds if
a colony was disturbed, its very probably that the birds will
not return to it. Its an endangered species protected under
international conventions.
64
Psri
Birds
65
66
Psri
Birds
Pelicanul comun
Pelecanus onocrotalus
n Delta Dunrii se gsete cea mai mare populaie de pelicani
comuni din Europa. Pelicanul mannc doar pete, n jur de 1-2
kg pe zi. Este considerat un adevrat sanitar al blii deoarece
se hrnete i cu petii bolnavi care pot fi contagioi. Este o
pasre foarte mare, cu o anvergur de pn la 3.20 m. Gua
seamn cu un sac, aflat n spatele mandibulei inferioare. Se
crede c pelicanul depoziteaz petele n acea gu, ns n
realitate aceasta l ajut chiar s captureze petele.
Pelicanii cuibresc n zone de plauri sau pe insule, n spaii greu
accesibile. Pelicanul cre este i el foarte sensibil la prezena
uman, cunoscndu-se cazuri n care nu s-au mai ntors la
cuiburile lor odat ce acestea au fost deranjate de turiti.
Pelicanul este considerat emblema Deltei Dunrii.
67
Psri
Cormoranul mic
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
Triete n colonii mixte, mpreun cu egrete,
cormorani mari i strci. De obicei este un oaspete
de var care migreaz odat cu venirea frigului n
zone calde din Bulgaria i Grecia. Totui, n iernile
calde sute de cormorani rmn n Delta Dunrii.
Proliferarea speciei este afectat de turismul
haotic brcile care ajung n apropierea coloniilor
Pygmy Cormorant
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
Pygmy Cormorants come to Romania in summer. They
prefer nesting in in mixed colonies, along with other
species such as egrets, Great Cormorants and herons.
Only during warm winters they stay in Danube Delta.
Otherwhise Pigmy Cormants are migrating to warmer
areas from Bulgaria and Greece.
Proliferation of this species is affected by chaotic
tourism the boats floating near the colonies are
68
Birds
Strcul loptar
Platalea leucorodia
Este o pasre de rm, are nevoie de ape mici i
noat doar n cazuri extreme. i construiete
cuibul pe sol, n zona lagunar sau n arbori, n
interiorul Deltei. Cnd coloniile sunt aezate pe
terenuri sigure, acestea atrag an de an tot mai multe
exemplare. Hrana este prins cu ajutorul ciocului
su neobinuit, prin micri circulare laterale care
i-au atras porecla de cosa.
Strcul loptar este ameninat de turitii exagerat
de curioi care ptrund n colonii.
Eurasian Spoonbill
Platalea leucorodia
Eurasian Spoonbills needs shallow waters. They
can swim only in extreme cases and they usually
nest on the ground or in trees. When a colony is
formed in a safe place, it attracts more birds each
year. Eurasian Spoonbills use their atypical bill
to forage for food, by moving head and bill from
69
Psri
ignuul
Plegadis falcinellus
Are un cioc lung i curbat cu ajutorul cruia caut hran n nmol. Poate fi
recunoscut dup zborul frumos i elegant, cu momente de planare. Oaspete
de var, triete n aproape toate coloniile mixte, alturi de strci de tot
felul i cormorani mici.
Pe vremuri, ignuul a fost o pasre comun. n anii `70-`80, erau
nregistrate 12.000 de perechi, dar ntre timp numrul lor a sczut drastic,
ajungnd n prezent la doar 1.200 de perechi.
n timpul comunismului, s-a ncercat chiar producerea de conserve cu carne
de ignu. Ne trec fiorii i ne bucurm c ncercrile au euat! Azi nu mai
constituie obiectul vntorii, dar sufer din cauza turismului haotic, fiind pe
cale de dispariie.
Glossy Ibis
Plegadis falcinellus
It has a long hooked bill used to forage for food in muddy waters. They usually fly
in flocks, in large formations, with rapid wing-flaps interspersed with short glides.
A summer resident on Romanian territory, the Glossy Ibis lives in mixed colonies,
in association with different species of herons and Pygmy Cormorants.
The Glossy Ibis used to be a common bird in Romania. In the 70s and 80s, there
were reported 12,000 pairs, but meanwhile, their number has dramatically
decreased to only 1,200 pairs.
During the communist regime, there was a project to produce canned Glossy Ibis
meat. We are appalled at this initiative and extremely content that it has failed
in the end! Hunting is prohibited today, but this species is still threatened by the
chaotic turism in the area.
70
Birds
71
72
Psri
Birds
Criste cenuiu
Porzana parva
Iubete nmolul i vegetaia de mlatin, cu frunze plutitoare pe care poate
s mearg. Oaspete de var, este o pasre pe care des ntlnit la noi n
ar. Toamna migreaz spre sud.
Little Crake
Porzana parva
Little Crakes show a preference for muddy waters, dense reeds and marsh
vegetation, with floating leaves on which they often like to walk. A summer visitor
in Romania, this bird is relatively common throughout the country. In autumn
they migrate to the south.
73
Psri
Ciocntors
Recurvirostra avosetta
Pasre de rm, nrudit cu piciorongul. Are o
alur elegant i un cioc neobinuit, rsucit n
sus, folosit pentru a scurma n ape mici pentru
capturarea de viermiori, rcuori, larve acvatice
i insecte. Picioarele au culoarea cerului, rar
ntlnit la psrile de pe teritoriul Romniei.
i plac apele salmastre, unde i construiete un
cuib rudimentar, din cteva fire de iarb i scoici.
Pied Avocet
Recurvirosta avosetta
The Pied Avocet is a shorebird, related to the
Black-winged Stilt. It is a very elegant bird, that
shows a conspicuous upcurved long bill, used to
forage for food in shallow waters to capture little
worms, tiny crabs, aquatic larvae and insects.
It has long pale blue-grey legs, which is quite
uncommon for Romanian birds. The Pied Avocet
breeds in brackish waters, where it builds a
rudimentary nest, using grass stems and shells as
nesting material.
74
Birds
75
76
Psri
Birds
Chira mic
Sterna albifrons
Penajul su seamn cu cel al pescruului. Oaspete
de var, prefer ca loc de cuibrit Delta Dunrii. De
regul, triete n mici colonii. Toamna migreaz
spre vestul Africii, zona Mrii Roii i inuturile de
coast din sud-vestul Asiei pn n India.
Little tern
Sterna albifrons
The Little Tern closely resembles the gull in plumage.
A summer Romanian resident, the Little Tern usually
breeds in the Danube Delta. It prefers to live in
isolated pairs or small colonies. In autumn Little Terns
migrate to warmer climates such as western Africa,
Red Sea region and the south-western coasts of Asia.
77
Psri
Buha
Bubo bubo
Este un prdtor de noapte care zboar fr s
produc zgomot, pn la 15 km distan de cuib.
Hrana preferat const n mamifere mici (oareci,
Eurasian Eagle-owl
Bubo bubo
A noctural predator, the Eurasian Eagle-owl has
a silent flight, up to 15 km away from its nestsite. They mainly feed on small mammals (mice,
78
Birds
Gsca de var
Anser anser
Greylag Goose
Anser anser
79
80
Psri
Birds
Grlia mare
Anser albifrons
Formeaz cea mai numeroas populaie de gte
din Europa, n prezent nregistrndu-se peste
250.000 de exemplare. La noi este oaspete de
iarn, venind tocmai din tundra siberian. Sosete
n octombrie-noiembrie, formnd stoluri uriae
mpreun cu gsca cu gt rou.
Este o specie general acceptat la vntoare n
Europa, dar exist reglementri n ceea ce privete
sezoanele permise. Principalele ameninri sunt
81
82
Psri
Birds
Cufundac mare
Gavia immer
Cufundacul mare e o prezen rar n Delta Dunrii, care
poate fi vzut doar n sezonul rece. Poposete n general pe
apele nengheate. Cuibrete n Canada, Alaska, Groenlanda
i Islanda. n Romnia ajunge mai degrab accidental.
83
Psri
Corcodelul mic
Little Grebe
Tachybaptus ruficollis Tachybaptus ruficollis
Corcodelul este mai mic dect porumbelul i are
un corp rotunjor. Coloritul modest l face greu
de observat, ns prezena sa este trdat prin
strigte n triluri ascuite. Specie bine adaptat la
viaa acvatic, corcodelul este acoperit cu un strat
de puf impermeabil. i construiete cuibul n zone
cu vegetaie deas, lng coloniile de pescrui
sau liie. Cuibul este plutitor, construit din plante
acvatice. Uneori rmne la noi i pe timp de iarn,
atunci cnd gsete ape nengheate.
84
Birds
Califar rou
Tadorna feruginea
Ruddy Shelduck
Tadorna feruginea
Clifarul rou este caracteristic zonelor de ap i The Ruddy Shelduck usually breeds in wetland
step din Asia i Europa de Est. Numrul lui este n regions and steppe areas of Asia and Eastern Europe.
cretere n Delta Dunrii.
The population is increasing in the Danube Delta.
85
Psri
Califar alb
Tadorna tadorna
Clifarul alb este o pasre impozant i frumos colorat, de
mrimea gtei domestice. Este o pasre cltoare ce poposete
pe teritoriul romnesc ntre martie i octombrie. Iubete apele
mici din zonele costiere i cele cu ape salmastre. i construiete
cuibul pe sol, fie n malurile ravenelor i rpelor, fie ocup o
galerie gata fcut de o vulpe sau de un viezure.
Faptul c este o specie protejat, considerat Monument al
Naturii, ajut la mbuntirea numrului de clifari albi.
86
Birds
Common Shelduck
Tadorna tadorna
The Common Shelduck is a striking colorful bird,
resembling the domestic geese in size. It is a migratory
bird, settling on Romanian territory from March
to October. Common Shelduck breeds in shallow
coastal or brackish waters. The nest is usually built
on the ground, or on the slopes of steppe ravines,
87
88
Psri
Birds
Cormoranul mare
Phalacrocorax carbo
Are un cioc puternic, cu un fel de crlig n vrf care
este folositor la prinderea i nghiirea petelui.
Scufundtor excelent, st sub ap chiar pn la 70 de
secunde. Principalul adversar natural este codalbul
cormoranul este vnat imediat dup pescuit, cnd
nu poate zbura pentru c trebuie s i usuce penele.
Cormoranii mari i pelicanii sunt considerai duntori
de ctre localnici, crezndu-se c srcesc balta de
pete. Specialitii ne spun ns c nainte ei erau
prezeni n numr mult mai mare, iar petele tot
exista. Erau mai muli cormorani i pelicani pentru c
se gsea mai mult pete.
Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo
Great Cormorants have a strong bill, with a hooked
tip that helps them in catching and swallowing fish.
An excellent diver, the Great Cormorant can stay
submerged up to 70 seconds. Their main natural
predator is the White-tailed Eagle, which usually
hunts Cormorants immediately after they come out
of water, not being able to fly because their feathers
need to be dry.
89
Raa suliar
Anas acuta
Este denumit i raa ascuit sau raa cu coad de
frigare deoarece dou pene din mijlocul cozii sunt
mai lungi. Are o siluet lung ce o face recognoscibil
n timpul zborului. Raa suliar este o specie care
traverseaz teritoriul romnesc. Rar se ntlnesc
cteva exemplare care ierneaz aici.
Northern Pintail
Anas acuta
The males long central tail feathers give rise to
the species name. It can be easily recognized by
its elongated shape in flight. The Northern Pintail
only transits the Romanian territory. It rarely
winters in this region.
90
Psri
Birds
91
Peti
Porcuorul de es
Gobio albipinnatus
White-finned
Gudgeon
Gobio albipinnatus
92
Fish
Asp
Aspius aspius
Frequently found in most foothill and lowland large
rivers, in the Danube and its floodplains. A common
species of fish within the Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve, it can be found in most freshwaters, large
shallow inlets and even in the Black Sea at the mouths
of the Danube.
93
Peti
European Bitterling
Rhodeus sericeus amarus
The European Bitterling is found in most foothills and
lowlands, in stagnant freshwaters, as well as in the
slow-flow areas of many rivers and rivulets. It is a
frequent species in the Danube Delta. Being a very
small scale species with no culinary value, it has no
appeal for industrial fishing. In recreational fishing it
94
Fish
95
Peti
Vduvia
Leuciscus idus
Este ntlnit n general n rurile de cmpie, mai
puin primvara cnd se ndreapt spre bli ca
urmare a creterii nivelului apelor. Nu mai prezint
interes pentru pescuitul industrial deoarece este
Ide
Leuciscus idus
Generally found in lowland rivers, except during
spring, when it withdraws in ponds due to a raise in
water levels. It is of no interest to industrial fishing
anymore, as it became scarce. It is rarely captured
96
Fish
Zvrlugi, Cre
Cobitis danubialis,
C. tanaitica, C. megaspila
Are o form alungit, cu trei perechi de musti
n jurul gurii i un spin sub ochi. Este o specie
relativ frecvent n Dunre. Triete att n ape
curgtoare, ct i n cele stagnante. Ziua st pe
fundul apei, ngropat n ml sau nisip, iar noaptea
Spined Loach
Cobitis danubialis,
C. tanaitica, C. megaspila
It has a long, thin body, three pairs of barbels
around the mouth and a two-pointed spike under
the eyes. It is a relatively common species in the
Danube basin. It prefers both fresh and stagnant
waters. It spends the daylight hours on the
97
Peti
Lin
Tinca tinca
Povestea linului este pozitiv i ncurajatoare n
legtur cu viitorul Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta
Dunrii. Din cauza polurii i a eutrofizrii (polurii
cu nutrieni), numrul linilor se diminuaser
considerabil i de aceea pescuitul speciei a
Tench
Tinca tinca
The story of the tench is a positive, encouraging
one when it comes to the future of the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve. As a result of pollution
and eutrophication (polution due to nutrients), its
population had severely decreased, so fishing was
98
Fish
Fusarul
Zingel streber
Fusarul e o specie care prefer apele curgtoare
mai adnci, cu substrat solid, ndeosebi de nisip
i pietri. De obicei st pe fundul apei, fr s se
mite. Se reproduce n perioada martie-mai cnd
icrele sunt depuse pe pietre i crengi. n Romnia,
Streber
Zingel streber
The streber prefers deeper waters with hard bottoms
mainly consisting of sand and gravel. It usually lays
still on the bottom of the water. Breeding takes place
between March and May when the eggs are laid on
stones and tree branches. In Romania, strebers are
99
Ac de mare
Syngnathus typhle
n Romnia se ntlnete n Marea Neagr, iar pe
teritoriul Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta Dunrii se
gsete n dreptul localitii Gura Portiei. St de
obicei n apele bogate n vegetaie, dar pentru
c acestea s-au diminuat, se observ declinul
populaiilor. Nu prezint interes pentru pescuitul
industrial i nici pentru cel sportiv, dar asta nu
nseamn c nu trebuie s-i apreciem contribuia
la echilibrul natural.
100
Peti
Broadnosed
Pipefish
Syngnathus typhle
Can be found in the Black Sea and at Gura Portiei
in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. It usually
lurks in densely vegetated waters, so the population
declined once plants became scarce. It has no value
for industrial or recreational fishing, which doesnt
mean that we should not appreciate its contribution
to the ecosystem.
Fish
Cambula
Platichthys flesus
n Romnia este ntlnit de-a lungul litoralului
Mrii Negre. Odinioar se gsea n mod frecvent
n tot complexul lagunar Razim-Sinoie, nainte de
ndulcirea acestuia. Triete pe fundurile nisipoase
ale apelor, n preajma rmului, iar iarna se
European Flounder
Platichthys flesus
Present along the Romanian Black Sea coast.
Previously found all across the Razim-Sinoie Lake
Complex, before the waters turned fresh. The
European Flounder is usually found on sandy seabeds
101
Peti
Pltica
Abramis brama
Se ntlnete de-a lungul Dunrii, n canalele i
lacurile dulci din Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Masculii care sunt n perioada de reproducere pot
fi recunoscui dup butonii nupiali aezai pe cap.
Bream
Abramis brama
Found all along the Danube, in canals and freshwater
lakes in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. In the
spawning season, males can be easily identified as
102
Fish
Lufr
Pomatomus saltatrix
Se ntlnete de-a lungul litoralului Mrii Negre,
ns tot mai rar n ultimele zeci de ani. n luna mai
se apropie de rm ca urmare a nclzirii apei, iar
Bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix
Found along the Black Sea coast, unfortunately
more and more rarely over the last decades. When
the waters warm up in the month of May, they
103
Peti
Grass Carp
Ctenopharyngodon idella
This species was brought to Romania for intensive
stock pond breeding for commercial use. Its main
advantage is its usage of trophic resources otherwise
not consumed by other commercial fish species.
When it makes its way into natural environments, it
alters the ichthyofauna by competing for the same
104
Fish
Biban soare
Lepomis gibbosus
Specie ntlnit frecvent n apele dulci i stagnante
din Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii. Are o carne
gustoas, ns fiind de talie mic, se consum rar i
Pumpkinseed Sunfish
Lepomis gibbosus
Frequently found in the stagnant freshwaters of
the Danube Delta Bisphere Reserve. Its meat is
tasty but, given its small dimension, it is rarely
105
Peti
ignuul
Umbra krameri
n prezent specia se regsete n ape stttoare
din judeele Satu Mare, Bihor, Giurgiu, Ilfov i
Clrai. La secarea apelor se ngroap n ml,
unde rezist timp ndelungat. Pentru c are
dimensiuni foarte reduse, nu prezint importan
pentru pescuit.
European Mudminnow
Umbra krameri
Presently the European Mudminnow can be found
in several ponds in Satu Mare, Bihor, Giurgiu, Ilfov
and Clrai districts. When ponds dry out, loaches
lay down beneath the mud for a long time. It has no
fishing value, given its very small dimensions.
106
Fish
Somnul
Silurus glanis
Somnul triete n ape dulci, n zona de es, coline i
dealuri. Prefer rurile, dar n timpul reproducerii
se ndreapt i ctre apele stttoare. Cel mai
mare exemplar de somn a avut peste 5 m lungime
i aproximativ 400 kg. Somnul triete pn la
Wels catfish
Silurus glanis
Catfish can be found in lowland, foothill and hill
freshwater. It prefers rivers, but also withdraws in
stagnant waters in breeding season. The largest
catfish ever caught weighed around 400 kilos and
measured over 5 metres in length. It can live up
107
Peti
tiuca
Esox lucius
Pike
Esox lucius
Din 2005, tiuca este protejat, existnd o Pike has been under protection since 2005. Fishing is
prohibited during breeding season.
perioad de prohibiie n timpul reproducerii.
108
Fish
Morunul
Huso huso
Morunul este cea mai mare specie de ap dulce de
pe Terra. Morunul este o specie de sturion, putnd
fi considerat un veritabil dinozaur viu. n Romnia
au fost identificate dou zone de hrnire n care
grupuri diferite vin s se alimenteze. Morunii nu
au dini, dar pot s-i nghit prada. Longevitatea
109
Peti
Nisetrul
Acipenser guldenstaedtii
Nisetrul este o specie migratoare din Delta Dunrii,
din familia sturionilor. n ciuda frecvenei lor din
trecut, numrul lor s-a diminuat considerabil.
Migrator asemenea morunului, nisetrul este
dezavantajat deoarece are scuturi osoase vizibile
cu care se poate aga n firele plaselor.
Diamond/Danube Sturgeon
Acipenser guldenstaedtii
Diamond Sturgeons are migratory Danube Delta
fish belonging to the sturgeon family. Despite their
past frequency, their populations have diminished
considerably. Migratory like belugas, Diamond
Sturgeons have the disadvantage of having rows of
110
Fish
Pstruga
Acipenser stellatus
Cel mai frumos dintre sturionii marini din Romnia
este pstruga. Ziua st la adncimi mari, iar
noaptea urc la suprafa pentru hran. Pstruga
nu se reproduce n fiecare an.
Pstruga se ncrucieaz cu nisetrul, morunul,
Starry Sturgeon
Acipenser stellatus
The most beautiful of Romanian sea sturgeons is the
Starry Sturgeon. It spends the day in deep waters
and climbs to the surface at night to feed. Starry
Sturgeons dont breed every year. They sometimes
crossbreed with Diamond Sturgeons, Belugas, Thorn
111
Peti
Cega
Acipenser ruthenus
Sterlet
Acipenser ruthenus
Morunul se reproduce n aceleai locuri i n Belugas breed in the same season and places as
acelai timp cu cega, ceea ce determin uneori sterlets, which sometimes leads to beluga roe being
ca icrele de femel de morun s fie fertilizate de fertilized by sterlet males.
masculi de ceg.
A significant sterlet population decrease was recorded
n anii `80, s-a nregistrat un regres accentuat al in the 1980s, a fact ascribed to pollution. After 1989,
populaiilor de ceg, fapt pus pe seama polurii. once polluting industries were reduced, a gradual
Dup anul 1989, odat cu reducerea industriilor
rebuilding of ephemeridae populations was noticed,
poluante, s-a observat o refacere treptat a
populaiilor de efemeride, n 2004 existnd so in 2004 signs of a recovering sterlet population
were also recorded.
semnale c i populaia de ceg i revine.
112
Fish
Pisica de mare
Raja clavata
Se afl pe Lista roie a Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta
Dunrii pentru c se ntlnete doar n mod izolat,
de la Gura Portiei spre sud. n trecut, specia era
ntalnit frecvent de-a lungul ntregului litoral. n
Thornback Ray
Raja clavata
Placed on the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
Red List, it is found only occasionally, south of Gura
Portiei. Formerly, rays were frequently found along
113
114
reptile i amfibieni
Buhaiul de balt
Bombina bombina
European
Fire-bellied Toad
Bombina bombina
115
reptile i amfibieni
Broasca
estoas de uscat
Testudo graeca
Este o estoas mic, ajungnd la maxim 30 cm. n caz de
pericol, i retrage cu totul capul i picioarele n carapace.
Este o specie relativ vulnerabil, ntlnit n zona de
step, pe pajiti, n pduri i n vii expuse soarelui.
Broasca estoas de uscat intr ntr-un joc nupial
deosebit masculul urmrete femela, o muc uneori
de membrele posterioare, dup care urmeaz lovirea
repetat a carapacelor.
Spur-thighed
Tortoise
Testudo graeca
It is a small tortoise that can reach a maximum length of
30 cm. When the Spur-thighed Tortoise feels threatened, it
withdraws its head and limbs into its shell for protection. It
is a relatively vulnerable species that can be found mainly in
the steppe regions, but also in sunny meadows, forests and
vineyards.
The Spur-thighed Tortoise performs a very particular courtship
display the males follow the females, sometimes nipping
their limbs and repeatedly ramming their shells.
116
117
118
reptile i amfibieni
Broasca estoas
de ap
Emys orbicularis
Activ ziua, triete n ape dulci, lin curgtoare sau stttoare.
Preferatele ei sunt lacurile mrginite de vegetaie abundent.
Se adapteaz habitatelor nsorite, cu sol nisipos pe care i
depune oule.
Broasca estoas de ap se sperie uor, retrgndu-se n ap
atunci cnd simte un potenial pericol. Se hrnete n ap,
dar pe timp de zi st la soare, aproape de rm. n timpul
reproducerii, masculii devin teritoriali i agresivi. Degradarea
habitatelor naturale a afectat populaiile de broasc estoas,
din ce n ce mai rare i ameninate cu dispariia.
119
Vipera de step
Vipera ursinii
Vipera de step se hrnete cu
mamifere mici i oprle pe care le
nghite de vii, fr venin. Prefer
traiul n stepe, pduri, stufriuri i
cmpii mltinoase. Iarna hiberneaz
n adposturi de roztoare, iar n
martie-aprilie revine la suprafa.
Meadow Viper
Vipera ursinii
The Meadow Viper mainly feeds on small
mammals and lizards, swallowing the prey
alive, without injecting venom. They show
a preference for steppe areas, forests,
reeds and marshy meadows. They spend
winter hibernating in rodent tunnels,
coming back to life in March-April.
120
reptile i amfibieni
121
reptile i amfibieni
Triton dobrogean
Triturus dobrogicus
Tritonul se poate ntlni rar n Delta Dunrii, n
apropierea apelor. Intr n lacuri sau bli pentru
reproducere, n lunile aprilie-mai. n timpul
122
arpele ru
Coluber caspius
Caspian Whipsnake
Coluber caspius
123
Molute i crustacee
Scoica mic de ru
Unio crassus
La nivel european, numrul acestor scoici este n
continu scdere din cauza deteriorrii calitii apelor
i a fragmentrii habitatelor favorabile. Pradtorul
natural al scoicii de ru este vidra.
Thick Shelled
River Mussel
Unio crassus
At the European level, the population of Thick Shelled
River Mussel is decreasing because of water quality
degradation and habitat fragmentation. Its natural
predator is the European Otter.
124
Racul
Astacus leptodactylus
Triete n ape lin curgtoare, lacuri, iazuri i
canale. i construiete ascunztori n malurile sau n
vegetaia subacvatic. Este deopotriv activ ziua i
noaptea. Pentru c nu prea are preferine n legtur
cu hrana, este considerat un sanitar al blilor.
Asemeni altor specii de raci de la noi, este foarte
sensibil la poluarea chimic.
Danube Crayfish
Astacus leptodactylus
They live in small streams, lakes, ponds and canals. They
usually build hiding spots in the shore and the submerged
aquatic vegetation. Crayfish are active both during the
night and day and feed on almost any type of food. For
this reason, they are considered water sanitarians.
Like other species of crayfish from Romania, they are
highly sensitive to chemical pollution.
125
126
Insecte
Insects
Vduva neagr
Latrodectus tredecimgutattus
Vduva neagr este un pianjen
uor de identificat, avnd culoarea
neagr lucioas, cu pete roii,
contrastante. Vduva neagr nu
este o insect mortal. Totui, este
adevrat c dac sunt mucai de
acest pianjen, batrnii i cei care
sufer de probleme cu inima pot
127
Miriapodul gigant
Scolopendra cingulata
Acest miriapod este o nevertebrat rar, ntlnit pe
insula Popina din Delta Dunrii. Are un comportament
reinut i un venin slab, inofensiv pentru om. Dei este
mai blnd, sub nicio form, nu este recomandat s
o manipulai! Se hrnete cu gndaci, greieri, viermi
i lcuste, oprle i amfibieni, melci i psri mici.
128
Insecte
Insects
FOTO
129
130
Insecte
Insects
Cosaul
Isophya dobrogensis
Insula Popina din complexul lacustru Razelm-Sinoe
este singurul loc din lume unde gsim cosaul Isophya
dobrogensis. Aceast lcust este considerat o specie
unic, endemic i este protejat prin lege.
Romanian
Bush-cricket
Isophya dobrogensis
Popina Island from the Razelm-Sinoe Lagoon Complex
is the only place in the world where the Romanian
Bush-cricket Isophya dobrogensis can be found. This
bush-cricket is a unique, endemic species protected
under the law.
131
132
Insecte
Insects
Pianjenul viespe
Argiope bruennichi
Este o specie pigmentat cu dungi successive de
galben i negru. Seamna cu viespea, este confundat
cu aceasta i, prin urmare, este protejat de muli
prdtori. i ese pnza sferic i spiralat n amurg,
completnd-o cu dou benzi verticale al cror rol nu
este clar, dar care se presupune c ar contribui la
atragerea insectelor.
Wasp Spider
Argiope bruennichi
It shows striking yellow and black markings on its
abdomen. It is very similar to the wasp, being often
mistaken for one, and therefore protected by many
predators. The spider builds a spiral orb web usually at
dusk, featuring a prominent zigzag shape of uncertain
function, though it may be to attract insects.
133
134
Insecte
Insects
Clugria pitic
Ameles heldreichi
Este o specie din familia clugrielor (praying mantis),
denumit astfel datorit poziiei de rugciune n
care i ine membrele din fa. Se ntlnete mai des
n complexul lagunar Razim-Sinoie.
Dwarf mantis
Ameles heldreichi
Its a species of praying mantis, named so because of
its prayer-like posture. It can be found frequently in
Razim-Sinoie Complex Lagoon.
135
136
Insecte
Insects
Fluturele purpuriu
imperial al lui Freyer
Apatura metis
Triete n pduri, n preajma rurilor i prurilor.
Femela depune ou grupate pe crengi de salcie, iar
larvele eclozeaz dup aproximativ 6 zile. Pupele se
formeaz fie pe crengi, fie sau sub frunze.
Freyers
Purple Emperor
Apatura metis
Freyers Purple Emperors usually inhabit forests and are
often found nearby rivers and streams. The females lay
eggs in small batches on willow twigs and caterpillars
will grow quickly after approximately 6 days. They will
pupate suspended on twigs or under leaves.
137
138
Insecte
Insects
Molia-tigru ptat-crem
Arctia villica
Prefer apropierea de pduri i de alte zone
nsorite, bogate n vegetaie. n timpul zilei,
fluturii se gsesc pe sub frunze, odihnindu-se.
Omizile se hrnesc cu plante: ppdie, ptlagin,
urzic moart, coada oricelului, mur, urzic vie,
vineele i cpuni.
Cream-spot Tiger
Arctia villica
Cream-spot Tigers are often found nearby forests,
sunny areas abundant in vegetation. By day, these
moths can be found resting on leaves. Caterpillars
feed on a variety of herbaceous plants: dandelion,
plantains, deadnettles, yarrows, blackberries,
nettles, knapweeds and strawberries.
139
140
Insecte
Insects
Fluturele
de cupru mare
Thersamonia dispar
Aceast specie de fluture iris prefer cmpiile
joase i mlatinile, pajitile umede, lacurile,
rurile i izvoarele. Omizile se hrnesc cu mcri.
Reproducerea are loc de dou ori pe an.
Large Copper
Thersamonia dispar
This species inhabits lower flatlands and marshes,
wetlands, lakes, rivers and streams, located especially
in peat-rich soils. Caterpillars mainly feed on sorrrel.
There are usually two broods in a year.
141
142
B.HABITATE
*1
|b.habitats|
Numrul din parantez indic Codul Natura 2000 al Sitului de Importan comunitar Delta Dunrii R O S C I 0065
(The number in paranthesis indicates Natura 2000 Code for Site of Community Importance Danube Delta R O S C I 0065
143
Habitate
144
Habitats
145
Habitate
146
Habitats
147
Habitate
148
Habitats
149
Habitate
150
Habitats
151
Habitate
152
Habitats
153
Habitate
154
Habitats
155
156
Habitate
Habitats
157
Habitate
158
Habitats
159
160
Habitate
Habitats
161
Habitate
162
Habitats
163
Habitate
164
Habitats
165
Habitate
166
Habitats
167
Habitate
168
Habitats
169
170
C.PEISAJE
SPECIFICE
|C.landscapes|
171
172
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
Strictly protected
Zone strict protejate areas in the
Danube Delta
n Delta Dunarii
n Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii exist 20
de zone (reprezentnd 9% din teritoriu), care se
afl sub regim de protecie integral deoarece n
aceste spaii triesc n condiii naturale specii de
plante i animale rare, aflate pe cale de dispariie.
n acest fel se asigur conservarea habitatelor
specifice de care depind numeroase specii.
173
Peisaje specifice
174
oak and ash tree forests, sand dunes and sea shore
beaches that constitute optimal habitats for over
5,000 plant and animal species. Moreover, the
Reserve is remarkable by its large populations of
several species that nowadays are rare or have
completely disappeared from other areas on the
continent, where they once found favourable
habitats. Many of these rare species are especially
found in certain areas of the Delta and that is
precisely why those areas have been placed under
strict protection rules.
One of the most valuable treasures of the Reserve
fauna are the birds which are either feeding,
nesting and breeding in Danube Delta or they are
just making a stopover within its borders during
their migration period. 320 bird species can be
found in the Delta, among which 200 are protected
on a national and international level.
Landscapes
Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii n cifre:
peste 1800 de specii de plante se gsesc n Rezevaie (aproape o treime din numrul de
specii de plante care triesc n Romnia)
3.400 de specii de animale triesc pe teritoriul Rezervaiei
Cele mai multe specii de plante medicinale (195)
Cele mai mari suprafee compacte acoperite cu stuf de pe glob (~180.000 ha)
2 pduri unice n Europa, formate din stejari seculari
i liane mediteraneene (Pdurile Letea i Caraorman)
37 dintre acestea au fost gsite n Delta Dunrii pentru prima oar n lume: o specie de
vierme, 5 specii de paianjeni, 30 specii insecte i o specie de pete.
175
Peisaje specifice
Zone economice
Includ aezri umane, zone dedicate pisciculturii,
agriculturii i silviculturii. n aceste zone sunt
Economic areas
They include human dwellings, areas designed
for fish breeding, agriculture and silviculture. Any
activity that does not interfere with the natural,
176
Landscapes
177
Peisaje specifice
Roca-Buhaiova
Zona se afl n partea de nord a Deltei (n jurul
lacului Matita, ntre grindurile Letea i Chilia) i
este format dintr-un complex de lacuri i bli
ce includ o mare diversitate de biotopi (conform
DEX, biotop: mediu geografic n care triesc un
grup de plante i animale n condiii omogene)
specifici deltei fluviale, cum ar fi: plauri plutitori
i fixai, lacuri, grinduri fluviale, grle naturale,
terenuri inundabile, zvoaie de slcii, mlatini
stuficole etc.
Aceasta zon a primit pentru prima dat un
regim de protecie special n anul 1940, cnd a
178
Landscapes
Roca-Buhaiova
The area is in the Northern part of the Delta (it
stretches between Letea and Chilia levees, around
Lake Matia) and is formed by a string of lakes and
ponds which include a great variety of biotopes
(Oxford online dictionary - the region of a habitat
associated with a particular ecological community)
characteristic for river deltas, such as: fixed or
floating islets, lakes, river levees, natural creeks,
floodlands, willow groves, reed marshes etc.
This area was granted a special protection status ever
since 1940, when it was declared Natural Reserve,
179
Peisaje specifice
Pdurea Letea
180
Landscapes
Letea Forest
Letea Forest (2,825 ha) is situated in the Northern
part of the Delta, east of C.A. Rosetti. Only a
section of the forest has been classified as a strictly
protected area for preservation, since 1930. In 1938
it was granted the title of Natural Reserve.
181
Peisaje specifice
Lacul Nebunu
Lacul Nebunu face parte din complexul de
lacuri ontea-Fortuna. A fost pus sub regim de
protecie pentru c este un spaiu potrivit pentru
reproducerea speciilor de peti caracteristici
182
Landscapes
Lake Nebunu
Lake Nebunu belongs to the ontea-Fortuna lake
group. It was granted protection status because it
is the predilect breeding ground for fish species
183
Peisaje specifice
Pdurea Caraorman
Se afl n centrul grindului Caraorman, n partea
sudic a Braului Sulina. n interiorul zonei
protejate se afl cele mai dezvoltate dune de nisip
care ating pn la 7-9 m. Pdurea este format
din stejari (de peste 30 m nlime), frasini i
plopi printre care se gsesc tufe i vegetaie
agtoare, cum ar fi: via de vie slbatic, iedera,
hameiul i curpenul. Pdurea gzduiete cel mai
impuntor stejar din Delta Dunrii, de 400 de
ani i cu o circumferina de 4 m, stejar numit
Caraorman Forest
Situated in the centre of the Caraorman levee, in the
southern end of the Sulina Branch. The protected
area includes the most developed sand dunes,
reaching up to 7-9 metres in height. In 1940 it was
declared a natural monument. It comprises oaks
(over 30m high), ash trees and poplars among which
can be found shrubs and crawling vegetation such
as the Grape Ivy, Common Ivy, Hop and Old mans
beard. The largest oak tree in the Danube Delta
can be found here its 400 years old and 4 metres
184
Landscapes
Srturi-Murighiol
Lacul Sraturi-Murighiol este situat ntre localitile
Murighiol i Plopu.
Apele lacului Srturi-Murighiol sunt puternic
salinizate, de tip cloruro-sulfatic, fiind caracterizate
prin marea diversitate a zooplanctonului (conform
DEX, zooplancton: totalitatea organismelor vegetale
Lake Srturi-Murighiol
Lake Srturi-Murighiol lies between Murighiol
and Plopu.
185
186
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
Ariniul Erenciuc
Este situat de o parte i de alta a canalului de acces
n Lacul Erenciuc. Este singura zon forestier din
Delt n care arinul negru se dezvolt compact,
187
Peisaje specifice
Sacalin Ztoane
Const n complexul de lacuri, grle i grinduri
din sudul Deltei. Este format din grinduri marine
tinere, nisipoase i lacuri puin adnci sau izolate.
n acest spaiu migreaz aproximativ 100 specii de
188
Landscapes
SacalinZtoane
The area includes a series of lakes, brooks and
levees situated in the Southern part of the Delta.
It consists of young, sandy maritime levees,
alternating with shallow or isolated lakes.
During the spring/winter migration, approximately
189
Peisaje specifice
Grindul Lupilor
Este situat ntre lacurile Razim i Sinoe. Aici s-a
dezvoltat o vegetaie adaptat solurilor nisipoase,
iar zona prezint importan pentru reproducerea
190
Landscapes
191
Peisaje specifice
Grindul Chituc
Este poziionat n sudul Rezervaiei, fiind format
dintr-un mozaic de lacuri mici, dar foarte
importante pentru migraia i iernatul psrilor.
192
Landscapes
193
Peisaje specifice
Lacul Rotundu
Lacul Rotundu este un lac de lunc din complexul
lacustru Somova-Parche. Este ultima zon de
acest fel care nu a fost afectat de indiguiri.
Prezint interes deosebit pentru studiul i
conservarea biocenozelor (biocenoza este
Lake Rotundu
Lake Rotundu is a floodland lake belonging to the
Somova-Parche lake complex. It is the last of its
kind, still unaffected by damming.
It is of great interest for the study and preservation
194
Landscapes
195
Peisaje specifice
Lacul Potcoava
Zona cuprinde lacul Potcoava i aria dintre lacurile
Babinii Mari, Babinii Mici i Potcoav. Este locul
preferat pentru rae, liie, crstei, corcodei i
pentru colonii mixte de strci, ignui, egrete i
cormorani mici. Zona reprezint un important loc
Lake Potcoava
The area consists of Lake Potcoava and the space
between lakes Babinii Mari, Babinii mici and
Potcoava. It is the predilect nesting ground for
several aquatic species (ducks, rails, crakes,
grebes), as well as for mised colonies of strci,
ignui, egrete and cormorani mici. An isolated
196
Landscapes
Vtafu-Lungule
Zona se afl n complexul de lacuri Rou-Puiu
i a fost inclus pe lista zonelor strict protejate
pentru diversitatea formelor de relief: grinduri,
depresiuni, formaiuni de plauri plutitori sau
fixai i lacuri n care triesc specii remarcabile de
plante i animale.
Vtafu-Lungule
The area is situated in the Rou-Puiu lake
complex and was listed as a strictly protected
area in praise of the diversity of its relief: levees,
depressions, fixed or floating islets and lakes
sheltering outstanding plant and animal species.
197
Peisaje specifice
Lacul Rducu
Se ntinde ntr-o zon de protecie integral,
localizat n partea de sud-est a pdurii Letea.
Cuprinde lacuri cu ap dulce, nconjurate de grinduri
marine cu soluri srace, mobile sau slab fixate.
Lake Rducu
Situated in a fully protected area, South-East
of Letea forest. It consists of freshwater lakes,
surrounded by marine levees with poor, mobile
or poorly-fixed soil.
198
Landscapes
Insula Ceaplace
Se afl la nord de lacul Sinoe, aproape de Grindul
Lupilor. Insula Ceaplace se numr printre cele
Ceaplace Island
It is located in the northern part of Sinoe Lake, near
the Lupilor Levee (Grindul Lupilor). Ceaplace Island
199
Peisaje specifice
200
Landscapes
Insula Popina
Insula Popina reprezint un important loc de
popas pentru psrile migratoare i de cuibrit
pentru clifarul alb.
Popina Island
Popina Island is an important standing area for
migratory birds and breeding area for Common
Shelduck.
201
Peisaje specifice
Belciug
Pentru c este un lac izolat i adnc (aproximativ
7 m), mai multe specii de peti pe cale de
dispariie triesc i se reproduc aici: caracuda,
linul, vduvia.
Belciug
Because its a deep and remote lake, in Belciug a
number of endangered fish species find a proper
breeding area: Crucian Carp, Tench, Ide.
202
Landscapes
Periteaca-Leahova
n aceast zon s-au dezvoltat formaiuni de plante
adaptate la nisipurile uscate ale grindurilor, pe
cele inundate de apele mrii, ale lacului Razim i
formaiuni adaptate la variaii mari ale salinitii.
De asemenea, este refugiul preferat n timpul
migraiei diurne pentru populaia de gsc cu gt
rou (Branta ruficollis).
Periteaca-Leahova
This area is covered by plants adapted to dry levee
sands and to large salinity variations. Moreover, is
an important refuge area for Red-breasted Goose
daytime migration (Branta ruficollis).
203
Peisaje specifice
Capul Doloman
Zona este important pentru conservarea
vegetaiei adaptate mediilor uscate, pentru
cuibritul drepnelei negre (Apus apus), a
pietrarului negru (Oenanthe pleschanka), precum
i pentru protecia dihorului ptat (Vormela
peregusna), a arpelui ru (Coluber jugularis) i a
arpelui de ap (Natrix tesselata).
Capul Doloman
Its an important area for the preservation of
vegetation adapted to dry environments, for
Common Swift and Pied Wheatear breeding, as well
as for the Marbled polecat, Large Whip Snake and
Dice Snake protection.
204
Landscapes
Istria-Sinoie
Istria-Sinoie
205
Complex Fortuna
206
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
207
Enisala - Razim
208
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
209
Grindul Chituc
210
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
Insula Popina
211
Holbina
212
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
Plaja Sulina
213
Sulina
214
Peisaje specifice
Landscapes
Razelm-Sinoie
215
216
D.TRADITII, OBICEIURI,
ARHITECTURA SPECIFICA
|D.Customs, traditions
and rural architecture|
217
Oamenii din
Delta Dunrii
ndeletnicirile tradiionale ale localnicilor, n
armonie cu natura, sunt pescuitul, agricultura,
creterea animalelor, valorificarea stufului i
agroturismul. Ocupaia de baz i, totodat, cea
mai veche, rmne pescuitul.
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Inhabitants of the
Danube Delta
218
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
219
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
PORTURI TRADIIONALE
Portul lipovenesc
nc mai este purtat de srbtori, la biseric, n
special de femei. Costumul presupune un batic
floral, o bluz simpl, o fust floral i uneori un
pois, adic un cordon brodat cu alb i/sau roz cu
un ciucure la capt care atrn peste fust, avnd
rolul de a proteja de cele rele. Femeile mritate
poart n cap i o chicic. Barbaii au pantaloni
lungi, o cma i pois.
Lipovan Folk
Costumes
They preserved the traditional costume for
celebrations and church, especially the women.
The clothing includes a floral head scarf, a simple
blouse, a floral skirt and sometimes a pois, which
is a belt with white and/or pink embroideries and
a tassel attached to one end hanging over the
skirt, used for protection against evil forces. The
head of married women must be covered with a
chicika (a head scarf). Men wear long trousers and
a pois (a belt).
220
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
TRADITIONAL GARMENTS
Portul
rusesc-lipovenesc
Presupune sarafan, coroni i batist. Culorile
pot varia de la un loc la altul.
Russo-Lipovan
Folk Costumes
The costume includes a sarafan (a traditional
Russian long trapeze-shaped dress), a coronet and
a handkerchief. The colours may vary from one
place to another.
221
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Turism / Ecoturism
Turismul reprezint o surs de venituri relativ
recent, dezvoltat dup cderea comunismului.
Ecoturismul reprezint acea form de turism
potrivit pentru bunstarea comunitilor din
Delt, prin care se pun n valoare, pe termen lung,
resursele zonei speciale n care triesc.
Este tiut faptul c turismul are un impact pozitiv
asupra economiei i ntregii comuniti, nu
numai asupra celor direct implicai, prin taxele
i impozitele care se colecteaz, dar i prin
implicarea altor domenii conexe, precum industria
construciilor, textil, farmaceutic i alimentar.
Ecoturismul reprezint un alt mod de a privi
explorarea unui teritoriu de ctre turiti.
Ecoturismul i propune s ofere experiene i
amintiri deosebite oamenilor, innd cont de
nevoia de conservare a naturii.
Ecoturismul presupune investirea unei pri din
venituri n activiti de conservare a naturii.
Ecoturismul are un caracter educativ, ntruct
turistul vine s neleag locul respectiv, nu doar
222
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Tourism / Ecoturism
Tourism is a relatively new source of income in
the Danube Delta, developed after the fall of
communism. Ecotourism is a form of tourism that
improves the well-being of the local communities,
while promoting the specific natural resources of
the area they inhabit.
Tourism has a positive impact on local economy
and the entire community, not only on the people
directly involved, by the collection of taxes
and fees, but also by involving other related
commercial activities like building, textile,
pharmaceutical and food industries.
Ecotourism is a new approach to travelling.
Ecotourism provides travelers with special
experiences and memories, while ensuring the
conservation of the natural environment.
Ecotourism involves investing a part of the
generated income in ecological conservation.
Ecotourism also has an educative role, as it helps
tourists to understand the place they visit, besides
admiring its beauty.
223
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Traditional architecture
from the Danube Delta
Although it has severely decreased over the last
years, the utilization of reeds and bulrushes is
still an important occupation of the people living
in the Danube Delta. Reed is traditionally used as
energy source, while woven reeds are used for
carpets, interior decorations, separating walls,
fences and roofs.
224
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
225
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
226
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Traditional architecture
from the Danube Delta
The architecture of the Danube Delta varies
according to habitat, historical context and
predominant ethnic group.
From an urban planning perspective, the houses
did not have any layout plan and for this reason
they are not structurally organized.
A traditional household includes the main house
and different premises that vary according to the
familys day-to-day occupations: summer kitchen,
cattle shed, hay barn, the outdoor oven, etc.
The typical materials used for building a traditional
house in the Danube Delta are: twigs, adobe
227
228
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
229
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
230
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
esturi / custuri
231
232
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Olrit
Pottery
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
mpletituri din
rchit i papur
Wicker and
bulrush basketry
233
234
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Lotca
Lotca
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Apicultura
Apiculture
235
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Roea de tiuc
Pike stew
236
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Ciulama
de pui de balt
Blanquette
of frog legs
237
238
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Piure de
ciulini de balt
Mashed
Water-chestnut
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Raci cu mujdei
239
240
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Salat de burei
de salcie
Willow
mushroom salad
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
241
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
242
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
243
244
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specific
Buturi locale
Local beverages
Suc rece
din miez de rizomi
de trestie groas
Cold juice
of thick-stemmed
cane rhizomes
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Votc cu esen de
ment crea
(Izm de balt, Mentha aquatica)
Mint-flavoured
Vodka
O butur agreabil, uor de preparat n tabr, care It is a delightful drink, easy to make at camping
imit (pn la confundare) coniacul fin franuzesc.
sites, which imitates (and can even be taken for)
a fine French cognac. The common vodka, an
Votca banal, spaima narilor din Delt, poate fi eco-friendly mosquito repellent, can be easily
ameliorat i diluat simplu, n amestec cu ceai de tranformed into a mint-flavoured beverage by
ment preparat special. ntr-un ibric sau vas similar se dilution with a specially prepared mint tea. In a
fierbe un buchet mrior de ment de balt. Aproape teapot or a similar pot, boil a large bunch of water
peste tot n delt, la marginea canalelor linitite sau a mint. Found almost everywhere in the Danube
plaurilor, plutete i se nal din ap tulpini i frunze Delta, in the shallow margins of quiet channels
roiatice de ment. Rdcinile plantei sunt nfipte n or reedbeds, the water mint stems and red leaves
pmnt sau n buza plaurului, alturi de stuf (nu lng are floating and rising above the surface of the
papur). Ceaiul se fierbe pn cnd toate esenele water. The roots of the plant are imbedded in the
volatile dispar, iar culoarea lui devine brun-rocat. soil, always nearby reedbeds (not bulrushes). The
Astfel, n amestec cu votca, butura nu are miros tea must be boiled until all volatile oils evaporate
aromat, iar gustul ei este uor amrui i, la fel ca cel and the colour becomes brownish-red. Thus, when
al buturilor fine, nu poate fi descris dect poetic, mixed with vodka, the drink is not aromatic, and
avnd nevoie de companie plcut.
it acquires a sourish taste. Like all fine drinks, it
can be described only metaphorically, always in
good company.
245
mulumiri
Dei bogia i valoarea Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta Dunrii este confirmat la nivel internaional,
de multe ori atenia i grija care i revin nu i fac cinste i nu i asigur viitorul. Prin atlasul de
fa ne-am propus s ilustrm i s punem n lumin cteva fragmente din ntreaga diversitate
valoroas gzduit n acest spaiu, n sperana c astfel va fi neleas mai bine.
Au contribuit cu informaii tiinifice Eugen Petrescu (expert Societatea Ornitologic Romn),
Silviu Covaliov, Kiss Botond, Vasile Alexe, Torok Zsolt, Alexandru Doroenco, Radu Suciu, Aurel
Nstase, (experi la Institutul Naional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Delta Dunrii) i Administraia
Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Atlasul este o iniiativ a organizaiei Salvai Dunrea i Delta, coordonat de Roxana chiopu,
Laura Zaharia i Mihaela Marin.
Mulumim fotografilor care au surprins ntr-o manier spectaculoas aportul acestui spaiu la
biodiversitatea lumii: Daniel Petrescu, Sorin Onior i Helmut Ignat.
i mulumim, de asemenea, domnului Dr. Ing. Adrian Gagea pentru delicioasele reete culinare.
Atlasul a fost realizat de echipa K Consulting Management and Coordination, adic de Mircea
Nanc, Irina Georgescu i Dan Pastia & Goran Drenkov (design).
Acknowledgment
Although the great diversity and value of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is confirmed by
several international conventions, too often it is not adequately treated and for this reason its
future is vulnerable. Through this atlas we aim to illustrate and bring forward some pieces of
the great diversity hosted in this area in the hope that it will be better understood.
Eugen Petrescu (expert at Romanian Ornithological Society), Silviu Covaliov, Kiss Botond, Vasile
Alexe, Torok Zsolt, Alexandru Doroenco, Radu Suciu, Aurel Nstase, (experts at Danube Delta
Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development) and Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve Authority have helped us with scientific information.
The Atlas is a Save Danube and Delta Association initiative, coordinated by Roxana chiopu,
Laura Zaharia and Mihaela Marin.
We thank the photographers which have captured in a spectacular manner this great biodiversity:
Daniel Petrescu, Sorin Onior and Helmut Ignat.
We are thankful as well to Dr. Eng. Adrian Gagea for his delicious recipes.
The atlas was made by the K Consulting Management and Coordination team, compound of
Mircea Nanc, Irina Georgescu and Dan Pastia & Goran Drenkov (design).
246
INDEX FOTOGRAFII
Daniel Petrescu................................. pp 611, 13-16, 20, 22-77, 79-81, 84-91, 114-119,
122-125, 128-210, 213, 215
Sorin Onior...................................... pp 218-231, 233-235
Helmut Ignat..................................... pp 211, 212, 214,
Peter Pfeiffer.................................... pp 99
Flpa- Images.co.uk............................. pp 12, 94, 96, 98, 101-104, 106-109, 113
Canstockphoto.com............................ pp 17-19, 78, 82, 95, 97, 105, 110
Shutterstock.com............................... pp 21, 100, 111 , 112, 120, 121, 126, 132
Digitalnature.org ............................... pp 92, 93
Valeriu Leonov.................................. pp 232
George Clin..................................... pp 236-245
247
Delta Dunrii Paradisul aproape pierdut! Campanie de informare i contientizare cu privire la protejarea
biodiversitii Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta Dunrii este un proiect implementat de Asociaia Salvai Dunrea i Delta,
n parteneriat cu Administraia Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta Dunrii, confinanat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare
Regional prin Programul Operaional Sectorial Mediu.