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BIODIVERSITATEACIUPERCILOR DE MICORIZA LA
GORUN iN NNBORETE AFECTATE $I NEAFECTATE DE
USCARE DIN NORD-VESTUL ROMANIEI
EcnroRrluFouon
[JuiversitatcaclinOraclca.Iracultatca
de l)ri)tectiaMcdiLrlui
Rt:ztnt.tt'
Articolul prczintirrezultatelcunci monitorizdride trei ani a liuctificatiilor'
epigceale ciupercilorectomicoriticcasociategorunului[Quercuspetraea(Matt)
Liebll. in cAtevaarborclcrnixte.sdndtoase sauatbctatede uscarc.din zonelc
dcluroasedin nord-vcstulRomdnici.Indicii de divcrsitate(de dorninantd, Plti pi
Shartnon-Wicner) au lost f'olositipentruir cstirnadivcrsitatcaspeciilorrnicorilicc.
pe datccumulatctlin dif'critcstatiuni.
Incliccledc sirnilaritate Sorcnsena firstcalculalpentrucompararcn clintreconru-
nitltilc de cir.rpcrci
5i dc arborctc.Semnificafiadisimilaritirtilor a lirst evaluatirprin
testtrlMaltn-Whitner'. Ilxistao tcnclintiin cccace privcptcdiversitatea mar.ca
speciilorruicoritice.cu pulinespcciiclomingrntc carelunctioncaza dreptspcciichcic
alc comuttitirtiinticorizatc.caracte rizatcprin nrarcrnobilitatcin conclitiilef irctor.ilor
dc strcs.cLlltlsulltbaltitorirea solului.I}a-ernentarca saupoluarca.
habitatr.rlui
l. INrnooucERE
ull dezideratpentrLlasigurarea
unor strategiidurabilede gestionare
a resurselorpadurii.
2. MnrEnrAL St METoDA
Antanitabattarac t0 l,actiiriusacccrintus 5
llolctus rultellr-rs l0 Russulaclarollava
Lactariusvellcreus t0 RussulaniE icans 5
Lcccirruurcluercinun't l0 Russulap scuclointcjra 5
I{ussulalia-silis t0 Russulasublbctens 5
Xcroconrtrssubtomentosus 'l-r'icholonta
l0 sejurrctun.r 5
IIr rlnrrnrrcpenclunt 9 Boletusapendiculates 4
I llgrrpolus cburneus I Ilolctus clucleti 4
llussulahctcroplrylla () Corl irrariushirrnuleus
I(ussulavclcnor.skl, i 9 Cortirrariuslargus 4
x*leroclcnnacitri nurtr 9 Corl inariussplcnclcns 4
Ilolcttrscthrlisr ur. claripcs ll Clortinariustraganus I
Canthalclluscibarius 8
136
I:tttlrlr
'Iabclul
l. (continuare) T a b e l u ll . ( c o n t i n u a r c )
l:rccvcnta lrrccvcnta
curnulatir cultlulatar
Spccii Sprtii
pc l()atc pc t()atc
Ioculiziirilc Iocaliziirile
Inocl bc sp. I Anranitaccltinttcphalir 2
l.actariuslolclr.urs Suilh-rs
granulatus 2
I{ussulalauroccrasiM clz Xcnrcoltttrslanattrs 2
Ilussulavcsca llolctuspuh crrtlcntus 2
'l'richolonra
sp. I lJolctusrcticulatus l
Lactaliussp. lJt-rletus
satanlls l
I lctrclornacrustul ilbrnrc Xcroulrrnrs spacliccLrs 2
Anranitl lir idopallescors (iortirrarius
sp. 2 2
Anrlnita rluscrria ( i r r t i r r a r i ussp . . l l
Arranilr porphr ria (irrlinariLrssp. 5 2
A n r a n i t as p i s s a Iirtolornaliviclunr 2
Anrarritavilosa I :ntolonrap lrrnukricles 2
llolclus cn tlrrtrpus Irntolomasilluirtl-il11 7
llolctussp. I I l c b c l o n us p . I l
f'or(iualiusp [rniccus Inoo lrc hvstrix 2
(rrlt inariustlir illis [,actariusl]clrosus 2
l.actaritrs
clclcn'inrus l,actarius
torrninosus ?
l.actaliusstr()biculat
us l.cccirruur
crocipocliunr 2
Lcccirlrnrscabcr' l,eccinurn lunr
clrrriuscu 2
l)isolithus irrrlrizus l)arilluslilanrcrrtosus 2
I{rrssrrllurrrcir llussulabnrrrrerlviolacca 2
[{ussulaconsobrina Ilussulacr arxrvurtha
r ar'.pcltcraui 2
Rttssulaclccrrlorarrs
I{Lrssula
lcpitla
Ilussulaiorxrchkrra 2
llussulapLrlchclla 2
Xcrocorlrrssp. 2
( i r r l i n a r i u ss p . 8 ll.rrssularontclli 2
fi.ussularubra 2
l lcbckrnra
sp. 2
Il"ussulasororir 2
l ] o l e t u ss p . 'l'richokrna
Ilussulaolll()cn()lens
tcrrcunl 2
'l
l l o l c t u si r r r p o l i t u s
richokrrnavirgaturn 2
llussrrlirp ctilloidcs
Xct'ocontussp. .i 2
(irrtirrariussp. (r 2
[]olctus lurirlus
Cirrlinariussp.7 2
Arnauitacccilii-rc 'l'riclrokrnra
sulphurcunr 2
l,actaliusglr ciosn-urs 2
\31
A n a l e1 . C . A . S . . 4 5
T a b e l u ll . ( c o n t i n u a r e )
speciilemediuabundente au fost notatecu 2,
[]recvcnta
(c) speciileabundente (peste30 de carpofori)
cunrulati
Spccii notatecu 3.
pe toate
S-a recurs la acestartificiu in estinrarea
localizirrile
I{ussulaolivacea 2 abLrnflenfeidin cauzadeformdrii datelor in
Allanita gcnlrnata 2 unna colectdriispeciilorcornestibilede cdtre
Russulaf'ellea
popula{ie.Pentruprezentarea graficda abun-
2
den{elor curnulate a tuturor speciilorgi a
lLussulapelalgrrnia 2
genurilordateleiniliale au fost transformate
Lactaliusblennius 2
in log (n+l). Reprezentarea graficda abun-
lrntolornasp. 2
den[ei speciilor genurilor importantes-a
Corlinariusr.'arius 2
licut prin diagramaPeyronel,pentru loca-
Cortinariusvitellinus 2
lizdrile cu numdrul cel mai nrarede specii
Sarcoctlr inrbricaturn 2
(Hoia,$uncuiug).
Russulaillota I
Conrpararea datelor obtinute prirr calcu-
larea indicilor de sinrilartitatepe diferite
combina{iide arboretes-a lbcut prin testul Mann-Wlritneyfolosindu-seprogramul
INSTAT.
3. Rrzulrarp
|.o
t4
I
t2
I
o
I 08
.L
i 06
z
a!
J
0.4
138
l ; o do r
l.+
tl
0lJ
06 g-
0,l
0.:
40 5()
\trnrir & orditre
. abundcnltliccvcntl speciihtr
nricoriu:rnte
dc nracromicctt
30
= 25 22
20
n
to
14 t5 f*t
nl
15 12
tt
7.
10
5
tl
tl 6 tl
tl
n
tl
0 tl tl
ll ltll tl tl
1 z 6 78
Ilcalizarr
l - O r a d c a l : 2 - O r a d e a2 : 3 - l l u t e n i :4 - S t a n a .: 5 - B a i aM l r e l: (>llaiaMare2:
7 - t r i l d u :8 - l f t r i a :9 _ $ u n c u i u g
139
A n a l cl . ( ' . n . S . . 4 5
o
q-
f
ill
MI MJi
<o N n* fl
ffirllRll H&'
4
0
Oradea 1 Cxadea2 $uncurus
il xl
1 Baia l\,4a.e2 Fersig
2.5
+
{ 1.5
u.3
1
0 NNNWNNNNNN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
G en u r i
l.Russu/a,2.Boletus+Xerocomus,3.Amanita,4.Cortinarius,5.Lactaius.6.Tricholoma
T . E n t o l o m a : S . l t l o c y b e , 9 H e b e l o m a , l O . C a n t h a r e l l L t s + C r a t e r e l l L t s ,Hl ly g r o p h o r u s . l 2
Lacca n a : 13. P a xi llLts; 14. Sclerod e rm a, 15. plso/llhus: l 6. Sarcodon
IJoletr.rs+
Itussula
Xcrocorlus*[,cccirrurr.r
---o- $uncuiLr5
Maxitnrttnde sirrrilaritate
la Hoia estede 0.59careesteo valoarelnatecoresprrnzeud
l-lllorsrlprafete
cu listede speciiaseninatoare, in tintp ce ntaxilnutnde sinrilaritateIa
$uncuitr; atinge valoarea de 0.46. Cornpararea celol doua giruri de datc prin testul
Mann-Whitl.ley co-resputtzdtoare sinrilaritatilor
calculate pe diferiteconrbina{iide loca-
l4l
A n a l el . ( ' . A . S . l.5
Comparatii lnclicc
tl.l' V O.S Clu.jarborctcLtcarpen /arboretclegorun 0.4|
Vl O.S Clui (cumulat)carpcrr/gorun
I..J.l' 0.67
O.S Zaliruarborctcu gorun/arboret cu carpcn;;i gorun 0.63
O.S llaia Mare arborctcu gorLrn100dc ani/arborctcu sorun 50 dc ani 0.52
4. DrscuTu
chiar gi la o singurdvizitil
Arboreteleaflate sub inciden(afactorilorpoluanlicum sunt cele de la Baia Mare,
prezintlaceleaqispeciidin nucleulde speciidorninante careprezintdo amplitudineeco-
logicarnare.Carpoforiiciupercilorau proprietatea de a concetrtra metalegreleceeace
le face improprii pentrucorlsum(pot devenitgxice speciitradilionalculeseca avAnd
valoareeconomicbmarecum estegi B. edulis).
Indicelede sirnilaritate sugereazd o variabilitate Inarein U.P.V O.S.Aleqd,cu 4
cornpara{iinule din 16. Disimilaritetiatat de mari intre suprafefeleaceluiaqiarboret
confirntdipotezacd distribu{iaacestorspeciidepindede gradienliai factorilorde rnediu
(umiditateasolului,tipuri de sol diferite pe arii restrAnse) gi heterogenitatea terenului
(Sastad,1995).Acestediferen{edevin cu atAtrnai sernnificative prin compararea simi-
laritAlilor calculate in diferitearborete, ipotezafiind confinnatd de testulde semnifica{ie
a diferenlelorMann-Whitney.Aceeagispeciedominant[ de arboregenereazdcomu-
nit51irelativ diferite sau distribuitespafialin petecu compozi{iispecificediferite in
cadrulaceluiagiarboret.Cu toateacestea, sirnilaritililecalculatepe diferitecornbinalii
suntrnariceeace inseamndcd existdun fond comunde speciipentrutipurile de pdduri
de foioasecaracteristice gleaurilor.Distribufialor spa{iald(mozaicarea)gi distribulia
abundentelor difera.
Inspecliiepisodiceale rddacinilormicorizatepe probecalitativedin suprafelelecer-
cetateau evideu(iatprezen{aconstantda speciei(loenoccocunt geophilun, carear tre-
bui consideratd printreceledominanteprin numdrulmarede apexurirnicoriticepe care
a fost iderrtificatd.La speciilede Quercus,C. g?ophilum poatesa delina pondereaape-
xurilor rnicorizate,pdna la 75o/o(datenepublicateale autoarei):de altfel. studii ante-
rioareale autoareiau identificat29de tipuri rnorfologicede micorizela cer gi gdrnila.
parfiafregdsitela gorun.S-acorrstatat o abundenlagi diversitatemai mare la bazaver-
san{ilorin locuri cu o diversitatecrescutdgi rnai rnicdpe platouqi in afaraarboretului.
Regimulspeciilorraredin carefac partespeciileaccidentale depindede arboreteleadi-
acente.De exemplrr,\uillul;luteusasociatcrrpirrii ,siTricholonta:;uphureunasociaticr.r
fagul migreazagi in gorun.
Din categoriaspeciilorraredatoritdprezen(eiin margineaarealelorfac parteAnruni-
ta cuesoreeSi Boletussqtonas.Semnifica{iararitalii pentrualte speciiestegi restrArr-
gereaacestoradin arealelenaturaledin motive legatede activitdtiunrane,speciicare
figureazdpe lista roqiea macromicetelor amenin(ate (Lizon, 1993).Speciidin aceastd
f istd au fost relativ frecvent irrt6lrritein arboretelecercetate:Leccinum duriusculum,
(-ratarellus cornucopioides, Cortinarius traganus, Boletus queletii, Boletus impolitus,
Boletu,sappendiculatus, (lortinarius splendens, Hygrophorus russula gi altele. S-au
identificatspecii termofile in arboreteledin judeful Bihor, prezenfalor fiind o con-
secirr[5a influen(elorclirnaticeatlanto-meditelaneene. Astfel, apar speciirlicorizarrte
ca PisolithusurrhizusSiAmanitacaesurea. Nurndrulde speciiin cadrulunui gerrnu se
suprapune cu ponderea abundenfelor speciilorin cadrulgenului.Un gen cu un uurnir
marede speciicurn esteCortinetriusareo ponderea abunden[elor comparabil6cu genul
Luccaria cu nurnai2 specii.Cortinariuseste un gen ce se instaleazdin perioadade
maturitatea arboretelorirr tirnp ce Laccariufructificdabundentin perioadelede tinere(e
145
A n a l eI . C . A . S . . 4 5
Brst,tocn.\rtg
ARCHIIIALD. R. P F.. wtLTSHtRE It. pF'..MORRIS..D. M.. BAfcHELOR. Il. D.. 1997.F.orest
ma-
nagcnlentguidelinesfbr the protectionofthe phl,sicalcnvironment(internetlile).
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comlnon oak (Quercusrobur L.) in l)renthe.Netherlands.Mycorrhiza,4: 149-159
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C.. 1999.co-
lllmonnessand rarity: theory and applicationof a nelv model to Mediterranean mountaingrasslancl.
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guide. Collins,London.
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t46
Fodor
ABSTRACT
llloDIVuRSl'l'YoF MYCORIIIllZAl.F'LJN(;tASSOCIATED1'OSI'ONEOAK [QLlt]RCtUS
Pli l'l{AtiA(MAlr') LIUBI-llN Dtjcl-lNlNCAND HUALT'HySTANDSIrROMNOKf il-WI:SI'ti.RN
ROMANIA
'l-hc
papcrpresents theresults
ol'three)'earssurvcyon abovegroundfiuctitication
ofgctont)'cor-
rhizaltirn-eiassociatedto sessile
oakQuercus petraea(Matt)Licblin several
mixecl,cleclining or lrealthl,
stands itl thehilly landscape
of north-rvcstern
R.onrania.
Diversity
indices(donrinance.PIt-larrcl
Shannon-
147
A n a l eI . C . A . S . . 4 5
Key words:ectomycorrhizal
f'ungi.diversityindices,dominancc.sirnilarity.abundance.
key species.
148