Nr.

16 Ianuarie 2012
Anul 2 Nr. 4

CORINA ANDREI
mediator
Medierea, alternativ viabil la justiia statal
Mediation, viable alternative to state justice 4 Conflictul nate caracter
Conflict creates characters 24
Fora acordului de mediere
The force of mediation agreement 5 Mediatorul liant social
The mediator as social link 28
De ce medierea
Why mediation 11 Nevoia justitiabilului roman
The need of Romanian justice seekers 31
Medierea, comunicarea i natura uman
Mediation, communication and human nature 19 Ghidul mediatorului profesionist
The guide book of professional mediator 35

La momentul acesta, revista lunar bilingv
Medierea Tehnic i Artse distribuie n peste 70 de locaii
n Romnia (organizaii profesionale de mediatori,
instane de judecat, INM, CSM, M.J., universiti, primrii
etc), precum i npeste 10 locaii din Europa i USA
(organizaii internaionale n ADR).
Personal, mulumesc celor care au ajutat la creterea
calitii materialelor publicate i doresc s v anun c
din luna martie revista a fostnregistrat n catalogul
revistelor de specialitateale Bibliotecii Centrale
Universitare Bucureti.
coala de formare n mediere
mugur mitroi
coala de Formare n Mediere Mugur
Mitroi v asigur, alturi de suportul
de curs, necesarul dobndirii
cunotinelor de baz pentru a deveni
mediator i cele dou lucrri ce privesc
procedura i conflictul - anume: Ghidul
Mediatorului Profesionist i Mediere i
Conflict, iar mediatorilor care se vor
autoriza le asigur promovare gratuit
pe o perioad de 90 de zile n cadrul
saiturilor afiliate FMMM:
www.portalmediere.ro, www.medieretv.ro,
mediereatehnicasiarta.ro.
At this moment, the monthly bilingual magazine Mediation
Technique and Art is distributed in over 70 locations in
Romania (professional organizations of mediators, courts,
National Institute of Magistracy, Superior Council of
Magistracy, Ministry of Justice, universities, mayors halls,
etc), and also in over 10 location form Europe and USA
(international organizations in ADR).
I wish to thank personally to all those who helped
increase the quality of published articles and I wish to
announce that as of March 2011, the magazine has been
registered in the specialized journals Catalogue of Central
Universitary Library of Bucharest.
www.fmmm.ro
office@fmmm.ro
+40 753 103 613
The Mugur Mitroi Mediation Training
School provides, together with the
course manual, needed in acquiring
basic knowledge to become a mediator,
the two works concerning procedure
and conflict, namely: The Guide of Pro-
fessional Mediator and Mediation and
Conflict, while the mediators that will
be authorized will be provided with
free advertising for a period of 90 days
on the websites affiliated to FMMM:
www.portalmediere.ro, www.medieretv.ro,
mediereatehnicasiarta.ro.
 medierea, tehnic i art

cuprins

MEDIEREA, ALTERNATIV VIABIL LA JUSTIIA STATAL.....................4
Corina Andrei
FORA ACORDULUI DE MEDIERE.........................................................5
Eugenia Poiana
MICA JUSTIIE PLNGEREA PREALABIL & MEDIEREA
O ALTERNATIVA VIABIL!..................................................................7
Venera Laurenia Rducu
De ce medierea............................................................................. 11
Liliana Holostencu
AGENDA CONFERINEI MEDIEREA APROAPE DE TINE!......................12
Un nou model de gestionare a Conflictelor de Munc
Management cu intervenia timpurie a unei tere pri........13
George Cohen
Medierea, comunicarea i natura uman.................................19
Bogdan Ficeac
Conflictul nate caracter........................................................24
Cristina Stihi
Identitatea profesiei de mediator............................................25
Constantin-Adi Gavril
MEDIATORUL LIANT SOCIAL..........................................................28
Ioan-Luca Vlad
MEDIEREA INTERNAIONAL MEDIEREA N AFRICA.......................30
Nadjet Karabenrou Paduret
Nevoia justitiabilului roman.................................................... 31
Valeria Ciupitu
Medierea n viaa social-politic..............................................32
Liviu-Petru Zpran
NEGOCIERILE N VIAA SOCIAL-POLITIC..........................................34
Diana-Ionela Anche
Ghidul mediatorului profesionist...........................................35
Mugur Mitroi
MEDIATION, VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO STATE JUSTICE..........................4
Corina Andrei
THE FORCE OF MEDIATION AGREEMENT..............................................5
Eugenia Poiana
SMALL JUSTICE Prior complaint & Mediation
A viable alternative!....................................................................7
Venera Laurenia Rducu
Why mediation ............................................................................ 11
Liliana Holostencu
AGENDA OF THE CONFERENCE MEDIATION CLOSE TO YOU! ...............12
A NEw MODEL fOR MANAgINg LAbOR MANAgEMENT cONfLIcTs
wITh EARLy ThIRD PARTy INTERvENTION.......................................13
George Cohen
Mediation, communication and human nature........................19
Bogdan Ficeac
Conflict creates characters.....................................................24
Cristina Stihi
The identity of the mediator profession..................................25
Constantin-Adi Gavril
THE MEDIATOR AS SOCIAL LINK....................................................28
Ioan-Luca Vlad
INTERNATIONAL MEDIATION MEDIATION IN AFRICA......................30
Nadjet Karabernou Paduret
The need of Romanian justice seekers ...................................... 31
Valeria Ciupitu
Mediation in social-political life ............................................32
Liviu-Petru Zpran
NEGOTIATIONS IN SOCIO-POLITICAL LIFE.........................................34
Diana-Ionela Anche
The guide book of professional mediator................................35
Mugur Mitroi

www.MediereaTehnicaSiArta.ro | www.PortalMediere.ro | www.MediereTV.ro

C ol e ct i v u l de r e dac i e :
Mugur Mitroi coordonator, Mdlina Calcan redactor ef
Lucia Ana Maria Zaharia magistrat, coordonator seciunea Magistraii despre mediere
Elena Necula traductor
Valentin Rdulescu layout i tehnoredactare
Tipar: Euro Print Company S.R.L. Buzu | 0338.101.253 | europrint2006@yahoo.com
3
S.C. FMMM S.R.L.
 medierea, tehnic i art

MEDIEREA, ALTERNATIV VIABIL MEDIATION, VIABLE ALTERNATIVE

LA JUSTIIA STATAL TO STATE JUSTICE

M M
edierea, concept nou implemen- legitimitatea drepturilor pe care se vede ediation, a new concept the dispute and to induce a reposi-
tat si institutionalizat in societateanevoita sa si le apere. Un prim pas in acest implemented and institu- tioning of the disadvantaged party
romaneasca, este unica institutie sens ar fi chiar sugerarea ideii de inter- tionalized in the Romanian by strengthening its confidence in
(in afara instantei de judecata), careia le- dependenta si inter-conditionalitate intre society is the only institution (apart the legitimacy of the rights it is con-
giuitorul ii atribuie in mod expres prin parti. Altfel spus, ambele parti trebuie sa from the court of law), to which the strained to defend. A first step in this
lege distinct (Legea nr. 192/2006, com- constientizeze rolul important pe care il legislature expressly (through distinct direction would be even suggesting
pletarile aduse de Legea nr. 370/2009) are fiecare dintre ele atat in solutionarea law 192/2006, plus additions brought the idea of inter-dependence and in-
competenta impacarii partilor. conflictului, cat si in respectarea si imple- by law 370/2009) assigns the "com- ter-conditionality between the par-
Prin mediere ca mijloc ADR, partile mentarea ulterioara a solutiei. petence" of reconciling the parties. ties. In other words, both sides must
implicate in disputa pot ele insele sa-si Intr-o astfel de disputa, aparent in- Through mediation as a means of realize the important role that each
gestioneze litigiul, mediatorul creand egala, dar si axata pe teme vitale asupra ADR, the parties in dispute are able has both in settling, and complying
doar cadrul optim de dezbatere, asigu- carora nu se poate negocia cu prea mare to manage their dispute themselves, with and implementing the solution.
rand un echilibru intre parti, incurajand usurinta, e bine a se apela si la asa-numita the mediator creating only the best In such a dispute, apparently un-
prin mijloace specifice comunicarea, ne- abordare de tipul leverage-ului norma- debate framework, ensuring a bal- equal, and focusing on vital issues
gocierea in cadrul procesului de mediare, tiv. Prin aceasta se face apel sau trimitere ance between the parties, by specific that cannot be negotiated too eas-
incurajand partile sa-si gaseasca solutii la adevaruri axiomatice sau norme uni- means encouraging communica- ily, it is better to use the so-called
creative, avantajoase, solutii pe care nu versal valabile, statuate in mod stiintific, tion, negotiation in the mediation approach as normative "leverage."'
le-ar putea obtine in instanta. de care niciuna din parti si cu atat mai process, encouraging the parties to This means use of axiomatic truths
Acest mijloc alternativ de solutiona- putin mediatorul nu pot face abstractie. find creative, advantageous solutions or universal rules, scientifically stat-
re a disputelor nu va putea ocupa locul Tot astfel, se pot invoca inalte principii they could not get in a court of law. ed, that none of the parties much
cuvenit in societatea romaneasca fara morale , de la care partile si cu atat mai This alternative dispute resolution less the mediator can not ignore.
implicarea mediatorului profesionist, mult mediatorul nu ar trebui sa se abata. will not occupy its rightful place in Likewise, there can be claimed high
investit cu increderea acordata de catre 2. Stilul principial se bazeaza pe tota- the Romanian society without the moral principles, that the parties
parti, folosindu-se de empatia cu care la reciprocitate, care se poate manifesta involvement of professional media- and more than that the mediator
este inzestrat, de abilitatile si tehnicile mai mult sau mai putin cordial, insa cat tors, invested with trust from parties, should not disregard.
insusite, pentru a atenua radacinile unui se poate de constructiv, pe calea deo- using empathy, skills and techniques 2. The principled style is based
conflict, iar intr-un conflict deja iscat sa potriva asumata a gasirii unei solutii learned in order to mitigate the roots on full reciprocity principle, which
ajute partile sa ajunga la solutii eficiente comune, profund multumitoare pentru of a conflict and to help the parties can occur more or less cordial, but
si durabile. toate partile implicate. make effective and sustainable solu- as constructive as possible, on the
Cred ca, pentru a garanta succesul unui In ambele situatii se poate aplica asa- tions in a conflict arose already. path of finding a common solu-
proces de mediere, mediatorul ar trebui sa numita tehnica de reframing, adica a I believe that, in order to guarantee tion, deeply satisfying for all parties.
faca uz de cateva din stilurile si tehnicile reformularii problematicii ce sta la baza the success of a mediation process, the In both situations the so-called re-
descrise mai jos: conflictului sau punerii acesteia intr-o mediator must use some of the styles framing technique can be used, i.e.
alta lumina. (Se poate marsa si pe o usoa- and techniques described below: rephrasing the issues generating the
Negociere facilitata (deblo- ra deviere de la tema centrala a disputei conflict or putting it in another light
cata) de un tert (mediator) si concentrarea pe un aspect secundar Negotiation facilitated (a slight deviation from the central
Atat negocierea, cat si medierea, re- sau colateral, aparent neimportant sau (unblocked) by a third party theme can even be used, focusing on
prezinta una sau mai multe combinatii ignorat de parti, dar care, pus intr-o alta (mediator) a secondary or collateral issue, ap-
de stiluri si tehnici. lumina, reevaluat, poate starni interesul Both negotiation and mediation parently unimportant or ignored by
coala Americana definete vreo cinci acestora.) represent one or more combinations the parties, but which, put in a dif-
stiluri de negociere, dintre care doar cate- In folosirea acestei tehnici mediatorul of styles and techniques. The Ameri- ferent light, can arouse their interest).
va sunt adecvate medierii. va tine seama de (se va adapta la) nivelul can school defines around five styles When using this technique, the me-
1. Dintre acestea, ar fi de retinut stilul si tipul de educatie identificate la fiecare of negotiation, of which only few are diator will take into account (will
competitiv, caruia i se poate contrapune dintre interlocutori/parti aflate in con- adequate for mediation. be adapted to) the level and type of
asa-numita tehnica de leverage, prin flict/litigiu. 1. Its worth mentioning the com- education identified in each of the
care se incearca atenuarea dezechilibru- Specialistii in comunicare vorbesc petitive style, which is matched the speakers / parties in conflict / dispute.
lui existent intre partile aflate in conflict. de societati dar se poate aplica si la leverage technique, by which the Communication specialists speak
2. Mult mai specific medierii ar fi indivizi cu o cultura comunicatio- imbalance between the conflicting about society but it can also apply
stilul cooperant, care, odata manifestat nala mai sofisticata (aluziva; indirec- parties is being leveraged. to individuals, with a more sophisti-
reciproc de ambele parti (toate partile) ta) sau altele, caracterizate de un tip 2. Much more specific for media- cated communication culture (hint,
aflate in litigiu, se transforma usor in de limbaj si fel de a comunica mult tion is the cooperation style, which, indirect communication) and others,
ceea ce unii experti numesc stilul princi- mai simplu si mai direct (engl. high- when showed by both parties in liti- characterized by a much simpler and
pial, numit astfel intrucat, la interventia context sau low-context society). gation, easily transforms into what more direct kind of language and
si sugestia mediatorului, partile decid sa Consider ca, oricare a fi contextul de some experts call the principled communication ("high-context "or"
gaseasca impreuna o solutie pe deplin high-context sau low-context society, style. At mediators intervention and low-context "society).
multumitoare pentru toti cei aflati in metodele ADR de rezolvare a conflicte- suggestion, the parties decide to find I believe that, regardless of the
conflict (litigiu). lor ce au drept scop armonizarea relati- together a solution that is fully satis- high-context or low-context so-
1. Stilul competitiv se impune intr-un ilor inter-umane intr-o societate pe care factory for everyone involved in the ciety, ADR methods, whose purpose
proces de negociere (si chiar mediere) in ne-o dorim a fi toleranta, educata si fle- conflict. is the harmonization of inter-human
care se dezbat/se ating teme vitale, precum xibila ar trebui , in mod firesc, sa inlocu- 1. Competitive style is required in relations in a society that we want
ar fi suveranitatea unui stat sau demnitatea iasca in mare parte justitia statala, iar noi a negotiation process (and even me- to be tolerant, educated and flexible,
unei persoane. mediatorii sa reusim sa schimbam acest diation) when debating /approach- should naturally replace the state jus-
In aceasta situatie mediatorul nu va sistem rigid. ing vital topics, such as the sover- tice, and us, the lawyers, should be
trebui sa incurajeze o solutie de compro- Pentru toate acestea Trebuie sa eignty of a state or a person's dignity. the ones to change this rigid system.
mis, intrucat ea nu se va dovedi a fi viabila ai incredere in abilitatile tale si apoi In this case the mediator will not For all these, you must trust in your
si mai ales durabila. Sesizand un dezechi- sa fii destul de puternic sa le urmezi encourage a compromise solution, abilities and then be strong enough to
libru intre parti, mediatorul va fi nevoit (Rosalynn Carter). because it will not prove to be viable follow them. (Rosalynn Carter).
sa descurajeze excesul de zel al partii ce Cu cele mai bune ganduri, and sustainable. Sensing an imbal- Best thoughts,
se considera avantajata in disputa si sa ance between parties, the mediator
4 induca o repozitionare a partii dezavan- Corina Andrei will have to discourage overzealous Corina Andrei
tajate, prin intarirea increderii acesteia in Mediator party that sees itself advantaged in Mediator

FORA ACORDULUI DE MEDIERE
V T
remea cand relatiile intre Astfel, potrivit art. 58 alin. (1)
membrii societatii se bazau cand partile aflate in conflict au
exclusiv pe incredere si res- ajuns la o intelegere, se poate redac-
pect reciproc iar intelegerile si con- ta un acord scris, care va cuprinde
tractele se semnau printr-o sim- toate clauzele consimtite de acestea
pla strangere de mana au devenit si care are valoarea unui inscris
legenda. Suntem cu totii suspiciosi sub semnatura privata. De regula,
si vedem inselatorii si capcane la tot acordul este redactat de catre me-
pasul, iar experienta zilnica nu ne diator, cu exceptia situatiilor in care
incurajeaza sa fim altfel. S-a ajuns partile si mediatorul convin altfel.
acolo unde orice conflict sau sim- Legea prevede ca intelegerea par-
plu diferend trebuie in mod obliga- tilor poate fi supusa autentificarii
toriu sa fie transat de instanta jude- notarului public ori, dupa caz, in-
catoreasca si abia hotararea acesteia cuviintarii instantei de judecata, in
are forta necesara de a-l determina conditiile prevazute la art. 63.
pe cetatean sa isi asume si sa isi in- Dupa cum se poate observa,
deplinesca obligatiile. acordul de mediere nu trebuie in
In acest context este firesc ca mod obligatoriu sa fie ratificat de
oamenii sa se intrebe ce e cu pro- catre instanta ori notarul public.
cedura aceasta a medierii! In ce fel Partile pot alege sa respecte cu
partile pot dispune asupra neinte- buna credinta obligatiile asumate
legerilor dintre ele si cum se fina- de comun acord. Cu toate acestea,
lizeaza o mediere? Ce se intampla pentru a evita neintelegerile ulte-
daca in urma intelegerii dintre par- rioare generate de interpretarea
ti in cadrul medierii, acestea nu vor clauzelor acordului sau reaprinderii
respecta ulterior intelegerea si care conflictului si incalcarea prevederi-
este pana la urma forta acordului lor acordului, partile pot apela la ca-
de mediere? teva variante pentru a da acordului
Iata ce ne raspunde legea: o mai mare forta. Acestea sunt:
Potrivit art. 56 legea 192/2006 Autentificarea acordului de me-
privind medierea si organizarea diere la notarul public
profesiei de mediator, Incuviintarea acordului de catre
(1) Procedura de mediere se in- instanta
chide, dupa caz: In unele cazuri incuviintarea este
a) prin incheierea unei intelegeri obligatorie. Astfel, potrivit art. 58
intre parti in urma solutionarii con- din legea 192/2006: in cazul in
flictului; care conflictul mediat vizeaza tran-
b) prin constatarea de catre me- sferul dreptului de proprietate pri-
diator a esuarii medierii; vata privind bunurile imobile, par-
c) prin depunerea contractului tile vor prezenta acordul redactat
de mediere de catre una dintre parti. de catre mediator notarului public
(2) in cazul in care partile au in- sau instantei de judecata pentru in-
cheiat numai o intelegere partiala, deplinirea conditiilor de fond si de
precum si in cazurile prevazute la forma impuse de lege, sub sanctiu-
alin. (1) lit. b) si c), orice parte se nea nulitatii absolute.
poate adresa instantei judecatoresti In cazul in care legea prevede
sau arbitrale competente. indeplinirea unor conditii de for-
Asadar, din continutul reglemen- ma, este necesara indeplinirea unor
tarii reiese ca rezultatul medierii formalitati pentru ca acordul de
poate fi diferit, in functie de succe- mediere incuviintat de instanta sau
sul sau esecul pe care l-a inregistrat autentificat de notar, sa aiba efecte.
procedura. In cazul in care nu se in- In cazul in care legea impune in-
teleg pe calea negocierii, partile pot deplinirea conditiilor de publicitate,
apela ulterior la instanta de judeca- notarul public sau instanta de jude-
ta pentru solutionarea diferendului. cata va solicita inscrierea contractu-
In oricare dintre variantele de lui autentificat, respectiv a hotararii
mai sus, mediatorul va intocmi un judecatoresti in Cartea Funciara.
proces verbal care se semneaza de
catre parti, personal sau prin repre- a) Procedura de autentifi-
zentant, si de mediator. Partile pri- care a acordului de mediere
mesc cate un exemplar original al la notar
procesului-verbal (art. 57 din legea Potrivit Legii nr. 36/19952 activi-
192/2006). tatea notarial asigur persoanelor
Daca partile asistate de mediator fizice i juridice constatarea rapor-
gasesc o solutie reciproc convenabila, turilor juridice civile sau comercia-
partile vor incheia un acord numit le nelitigioase, precum i exerciiul
acord de mediere. Acesta poate con-
tine o achiesare la pretentiile celeilal- native de solutionare a litigiilor comerciale-
te parti, (recunoasterea pretentiilor internationale Medierea in Romania, Uni-
celeilalte parti), o desistare (renun- ve5rsul Juridic, Bucuresti, 2010, pag. 304
tare la insusi dreptul litigios) sau se 2Legea nr. 36 din 12 mai 1995 a notarilor
poate materialize intr-o tranzactie.1 publici i a activitii notariale, cu modific-
rile i completrile ulterioare. Textul iniial a
1 Angelica Rosu, Medierea, mijloc alter- fost publicat n M.Of. nr. 92 din 16 mai 1995.
medierea, tehnic i art
THE FORCE OF MEDIATION AGREEMENT
he times when relations be- Thus, according to art. 58 para-
tween society members were graph (1) when the conflicting
based solely on trust and mu- parties have reached a deal, a writ-
tual respect and the agreements ten agreement may be drawn up,
and contracts were signed by a containing all clauses consented
simple handshake have become by them and which is equivalent
legend. We are all suspicious and to a written document under pri-
see scams and traps everywhere vate signature. Usually, the agree-
and everyday experience does not ment is drafted by the mediator,
encourage us to be different. We except when the parties and the
even reached the times when any mediator agree otherwise.
conflict or simple disputes must The law provides that the parties
necessarily be settled in a court agreement may be subject to au-
and only its decision has the force thentication of the notary public
required to induce the citizen to or, as appropriate, to the consent
assume and fulfill their obliga- of the court, as provided in art. 63.
tions. As can be noticed, the mediation
In this context it is natural for agreement does not necessarily
people to wonder whats with need to be ratified by the court
this mediation procedure! How or notary public. The parties may
can the parties decide over their choose to comply with the obliga-
disagreements and how does a tions assumed by mutual agree-
mediation finish? What happens ment in good faith. However, to
if, after an agreement reached by avoid further misunderstandings
the parties during mediation, they regarding the interpretation of the
will not meet that agreement and agreements clauses or repetition
eventually what is the force of the of the conflict and violation of the
mediation agreement? Here what agreement, the parties may turn
the law says: to some variants to give the agree-
According to art. 56 of Law ment a greater force. These are:
192/2006 on mediation and organ- validation of the mediation
ization of the mediator profession: agreement with the notary pub-
(1) The mediation procedure is lic
closed, as appropriate: the consent on the agreement
a) by signing an agreement be- issued by the court
tween the parties after the settle- In some cases, the consent is re-
ment of the conflict; quired. Thus, according to art. 58
b) by mediators admitting the of law 192/2006: if the conflict
failure of mediation; mediated refers to the transfer of
c)by submitting the mediation private property right on fixed as-
agreement by one of the parties. sets, the parties shall submit the
(2) if the parties have signed written agreement drafted by the
only a partial agreement, and in mediator to the notary public or
cases provided in par. (1). letters the court to meet the substantive
b) and c), any party may address and formal conditions imposed by
the competent court or arbitration. law, under the sanction of abso-
Therefore, the content of regula- lute nullity.
tion shows that the result of me- If the law provides for the ful-
diation may vary depending on fillment of formal conditions, it
the success or failure registered by is necessary to fulfill formalities
the procedure. If no agreement is for the mediation agreement ap-
reached through negotiation, the proved by the court or certified by
parties then may go to the court to a notary, in order to have effect.
resolve the dispute. If the law requires the ful-
In either of the above variants, fillment of registration con-
the mediator will prepare a report ditions, the public notary or
to be signed by the parties, per- the court will require the regis-
sonally or by representatives, and tration of authenticated contract,
the mediator. Each of the parties namely the court ruling, in the
receives an original copy of this Land Book.
report (article 57 of law 192/2006).
If the parties assisted by a me- a) Authentication of the
diator mutually agree upon a so- mediation agreement with
lution, the parties will conclude the notary public
a mediation agreement. It may According to Law no. 36/19952
contain an acknowledgment of the notary activity provides to indi-
other partys claims (recognition viduals and legal entities recog-
of the claims made by the other
party), a divestment (giving up internationale Medierea in Romania, Uni-
the litigation right itself) or may ve5rsul Juridic, Bucuresti, 2010, pag. 304
materialize into a transaction.1 2Legea nr. 36 din 12 mai 1995 a notarilor
publici i a activitii notariale, cu modific- 5
1 Angelica Rosu, Medierea, mijloc alter- rile i completrile ulterioare. Textul iniial a
native de solutionare a litigiilor comerciale- fost publicat n M.Of. nr. 92 din 16 mai 1995.
 medierea, tehnic i art

drepturilor i ocrotirea intereselor, ra in mod automat forta executorie nition of the civil or commercial diation out of court, voluntarily
n conformitate cu legea (art. 1). acordului de mediere, iar legea nu non-litigious relations and ex- chosen by the parties, the parties
Printre atribuiile notarilor este vorbeste in mod expres despre cum ercise of the rights and interests agreement does not automati-
prevzut n art. 8 lit. b i autentifi- trebuie procedat in vederea obtine- protection, in accordance with the cally confer enforceable power
carea nscrisurilor redactate de no- rii unei hotarari judecatoresti care law (art. 1). Among the duties of to the mediation agreement and
tarul public, personal de catre parte sa il consfiinteasca. Partile trebu- notaries public, art. 8 paragraph b the law does not speak explicitly
sau de avocat. Procedura de auten- ie, dupa incheierea unui acord, sa also stipulates the authentication about how to proceed in order
tificare este reglementat n art. 58- sesizeze instanta pentru a solicita of documents drafted by the nota- to obtain a court order to certify
67 din Legea nr. 36/1995, respectiv pronuntarea unei hotarari care sa le ry public, personally by the party it. The parties, after completion
n art. 66-71 din Regulamentul de consfiinteasca invoiala. Atat legea or by the lawyer. The authentica- of an agreement, must inform
aplicare a acestei legi.3 192/2006 cat si Codul de procedu- tion procedure is regulated in art. to court for a decision to certify
Notarul va emite ncheierea de ra civila nu arata care este instanta 58-67 of Law no. 36/1995, namely their deal. Both law 192/2006 and
declarare ca autentic a acordului de competenta si nu prevad o proce- in art. 66-71 of the Regulations re- the Civil Procedure Code do not
mediere (art. 65). nscrisul se va re- dura speciala. Prin urmare, cererea garding the application of this law.3 show who the competent court is
dacta n attea exemplare originale partilor solicita judecatorului ca, The notary will issue a declara- and do not stipulate a special pro-
cerute de pri, plus unul pentru printr-o procedura contencioasa, tion that authenticates the media- cedure. Therefore, the parties ask
arhiva notarului public i, dup caz, sa ia act de tranzactia incheiata, tion agreement (Article 65). The the judge to take note on their deal
unul pentru efectuarea lucrrilor avand de parcurs in acest caz o pro- document will be issued in as concluded, and in this case they
de publicitate (art. 62 alin. 1 din cedura care in mod normal nu s-ar many copies as the parties require, need to go through a procedure
Regulament). Actul autentificat de mai justifica: stabilirea unui termen, plus one for the archive of the no- that normally would not justify:
notarul public care constata o cre- prezentarea in fata judecatorului, tary public and, if necessary, one setting a hearing, presentation
ana cert i lichid are putere de pronuntarea publica a hotararii la for the registration activity (Arti- before the judges, public ruling of
titlu executoriu la data exigibilitii un nou termen. cle 62 paragraph 1 of the Regula- the decision during a new hearing.
acesteia (art. 66 din lege). Directiva 2008-52/CE a Parla- tion). The document certified by 2008-52/EC Directive of the
Dac notarul respinge cererea de mentului European si a Consiliului a notary public which observes a European Parliament and the Eu-
autentificare, se poate face plngere European, prevede la art. (19) ca true and liquid claim has enforce- ropean Council, provides in art.
la judectorie n termen de 10 zile, Medierea nu ar trebui considerat able power at the date when it be- (19) that Mediation should not
care se depune la sediul biroului o solutie inferioar procedurii judi- comes exigible (art. 66 of law). be considered a lower solution
notarului public ce o va nainta ciare din cauza faptului c respec- If the notary public rejects the to the legal procedure due to the
judectoriei competente mpreun tarea acordurilor rezultate n urma authentication request, a com- fact that fulfillment of the agree-
cu dosarul cauzei (art. 67 i art. 100). medierii ar depinde de bunvointa plaint may be done to court within ments resulting from mediation
prtilor. 10 days, which is submitted to the would depend on the goodwill of
b) Procedura de incuviin- Prin urmare, statele membre notary publics office, who will the parties.
tare a acordului de mediere ar trebui s asigure prtilor unui forward it to competent court, to- Therefore, Member States
la instanta acord scris rezultat n urma me- gether with the cases file (art. 67 should ensure the parties within a
Conform art. 63 din lege, dac dierii posibilitatea conferirii unui and art. 100). written mediation agreement the
medierea a avut succes i conflictul caracter executoriu continutului possibility to confer its content an
a fost solutionat, instanta va pro- acestuia. Un stat membru ar trebui b) Courts consent over the enforceable character. A Member
nunta, la cererea partilor, o hotara- s aib posibilitatea de a refuza re- mediation agreement State should be able to refuse rec-
re de expedient potrivit dispozitii- cunoasterea caracterului executo- According to art. 63 of the law, ognition of the enforceability of
lor art. 271 din Codul de procedur riu al unui acord numai n cazul n if mediation was successful and an agreement only if its terms are
civila. Potrivit acestor din urma care clauzele acestuia sunt contrare the conflict was settled, the court contrary to its law, including its
dispozitii, partile se pot nfaisa ori- dreptului su, inclusiv dreptului in- will rule, on the request of the private international law, or if its
cand in cursul judecatii, chiar fara ternational privat al acestuia, sau n parties, an expedient decision law does not provide for the con-
sa fi fost citate, pentru a cere sa se cazul n care legislatia acestuia nu according to art. 271 of the Civil tent of that agreement to acquire
dea o hotarare care sa consfinteasca prevede posibilitatea pentru conti- Procedure Code. Under these enforceable character. Such a case
invoiala lor. Daca partile se nfati- nutul acordului respectiv de a do- provisions, the parties can go at could be that of the agreement
seaz la ziua stabilit pentru judeca- bndi caracter executoriu. Un astfel any moment during the process, containing obligations which, by
t, cererea pentru darea hotrrii va de caz ar putea fi cel n care acordul even without being subpoenaed, their nature, can not be legally en-
putea fi primit, chiar de un singur cuprinde obligatii care, prin natura to the court to be issued a ruling forceable.
judector, urmnd ca hotrrea s lor, nu pot avea caracter executoriu. certifying their agreement. If the In some countries, France for
fie dat de instan n edin. Dac In unele state, Franta spre exem- parties come on the day fixed for example, the mediation agreement
ele se nfieaz ntr-o alt zi, in- plu, acordului de mediere ii poate trial, the request to issue the de- may be granted enforceable char-
stana va da hotrrea n camera de fi conferit caracter executoriu de cision will be received, even by a acter by the President of the tribu-
consiliu. catre Presedintele tribunalului de single judge, and the ruling will be nal, who is notified in a request by
Solutia oferita de art. 63 este va- mare instanta, sesizat de catre una given in open court. If they come one of the parties to a transaction.
labila pentru situatia cand acordul dintre partile tranzactiei printr-o in a different day, the court will Considering the provisions of
de mediere a fost incheiat in cadrul cerere. give the decision in closed session. Directive 2008/54/EC and the
unei medieri desfasurate in timpul Avand in vedere prevederile Di- The solution offered by art. 63 is legislation of other countries in
unui proces aflat pe rolul unei in- rectivei 2008/54/CE cat si legislatia valid for the situation when medi- Europe and in the world, we can
stante4. altor state europene si din lume, nu ation agreement was signed within only hope that in the near future,
Pentru situatia incheierii unui putem decat sa speram ca intr-un a mediation conducted during a the Romanian legislature will
acord in cadrul unei medieri extra- viitor cat mai apropiat, legiuitorul trail before a court.4 make the necessary adjustments
judiciare, aleasa de parti in mod be- roman va aduce modificarile ne- For the situation when an agree- to the norms in order to expressly
nevol, intelegerea partilor nu confe- cesare actelor normative incidente, ment is concluded within me- specify the procedure by which
3Ordinul nr. 710/C din 5 iulie 1995 pen-
pentru a preciza expres procedura 3Ordinul nr. 710/C din 5 iulie 1995 pen-
the parties will be able to obtain
tru adoptarea Regulamentului de punere n prin care partile vor putea obtine tru adoptarea Regulamentului de punere n consent over the mediation agree-
aplicare a Legii notarilor publici i a activit- de la instanta competenta incuvi- aplicare a Legii notarilor publici i a activit- ment from the competent court,
ii notariale nr. 36/1995, emis de Ministerul intarea acordului de mediere, ori, ii notariale nr. 36/1995, emis de Ministerul or, in happier circumstances, to
Justiiei i publicat n M. Of. nr. 176 din 8 au- intr-un caz mai fericit, sa recunoas- Justiiei i publicat n M. Of. nr. 176 din 8 au- recognize the enforceable char-
gust 1995, cu modificrile ulterioare. gust 1995, cu modificrile ulterioare.
ca acordului de mediere caracterul acter of the mediation agreement
4Art. 720(7) din Codul de procedu- 4Art. 720(7) din Codul de procedu-
ra civila prevede:alin.(1) In cursul jude- executoriu, prin lege, fara a mai fi ra civila prevede:alin.(1) In cursul jude- by law, without its consent being
catii asupra fondului procesului, instanta necesara incuviintarea acestuia. catii asupra fondului procesului, instanta necessary.
va starui pentru solutionarea lui, in tot sau va starui pentru solutionarea lui, in tot sau
6 in parte, prin intelegerea partilor. Alin.(4) Eugenia Poiana in parte, prin intelegerea partilor. Alin.(4) Eugenia Poiana
Intelegerea se constata prin hotarare irevo- Intelegerea se constata prin hotarare irevo-
cabila si executorie. Mediator cabila si executorie. Mediator

MICA JUSTIIE
PLNGEREA PREALABIL & MEDIE-
REA O ALTERNATIVA VIABIL!
ntr-un stat de drept, ordinea ju-
ridic se stabilete i se menine
cu ajutorul normelor de drept.
Aceste norme prevd reguli de con-
duit, pe care trebuie s le respecte
membrii colectivitii, precum i
sanciunile ce vor fi aplicate n ca-
zul nclcrii lor. Regulile de drept
n majoritatea lor sunt exprimate
ntr-o anume form: legea.
Stabilirea prin lege a faptelor
care constituie infraciuni, precum
si a cadrului de sanciuni penale,
are un dublu rol: n primul rnd s
arate membrilor societii care sunt
faptele interzise de legea penal i,
totodat, s-i avertizeze cu privire la
consecinele svririi unor astfel de
fapte, ndeplinind astfel funcia de
prevenire general, iar n al doilea
rnd s asigure corecta ncadrare a
faptelor prin care ar fi nclcat le-
gea penal, i o just sancionare a
celor care au svrit asemenea fap-
te, deci funcia de prevenire special.
Svrirea infraciunii, chiar
atunci cnd este descoperit i do-
vedit prin administrarea probelor,
reinut n sarcina unui fptuitor,
nu impune aplicarea automat a
pedepsei. Pentru a se ajunge la
sancionarea infractorului este ne-
voie de intervenia justiiei penale,
n sensul condamnrii acestuia de
ctre instana competent pe baza
unei judeci.
n cazul infraciunilor de o gra-
vitate redus sau al acelora care
privesc relatiile dintre persoane ori
viata personal a acestora, Codul
penal si alte legi cu dispoziii pe-
nale prevd c aciunea penal nu
poate fi pus n miscare sau exerci-
tat dect n cazul n care persoana
vtmat i-a exprimat voina de
tragere la rspundere penal a fp-
tuitorului prin introducerea unei
plngeri prealabile la autoritile
judiciare.
Plngerea prealabil constituie o
instituie de drept penal, lipsa ei repre-
zentnd o cauz de nlturare a rs-
punderii penale (art. 131 Cod penal).
Instituia are i un reflex proce-
sual, care se repercuteaz direct
asupra posibilitii exercitrii aci-
unii penale i deci implicit asupra
tragerii la rspundere penal.
Din punctul de vedere al dreptu-
lui penal plngerea prealabil con-
stituie o conditie de pedepsibilitate,
iar sub aspectul dreptului procesual
penal o conditie de procesibilitate.
Legea penal determin cazurile
cnd pentru exercitarea aciunii pe-
nale este necesar o plngere prea-
labil pornind de la mprejurarea c
infraciunile respective sunt dintre
acelea care prin natura lor privesc
relaiile sociale limitate ndeosebi la
interesele personale ale prilor.
Codul penal prevede c aciu-
nea penal se pune n micare la
plngerea prealabil n cazul unor
infraciuni privind: lovirea sau alte
violene (art. 180), vtmarea cor-
poral din culp (art. 181), violarea
de domiciliu (art. 192), amenina-
rea (art. 193), violarea secretului
corespondenei (art. 195), divul-
garea secretului profesional (art.
196), violul (art. 197 alin. 1), furtul
pedepsit la plngerea prealabil (art.
210), abuzul de ncredere (art. 213),
distrugerea (art. 217), abandonul
de familie (art. 305), nerespectarea
msurilor privind ncredinarea
minorului (art. 307), tulburarea fo-
losinei locuinei (art. 320) s. a.
Pentru faptele penale svrsite n
afara teritoriului rii, de strini sau
de o persoan fr cettenie care
nu domiciliaz pe teritoriul rii i
crora li se aplic principiul uni-
versalitii legii penale (art. 6 Cod
penal), trebuiesc avute n vedere i
dispoziiile legale strine cu privire
la plngerea prealabil. Astfel, po-
trivit excepiei nscrise n art. 6 alin.
3 Cod penal, fptuitorul nu poate fi
acionat n ara noastr dac, potri-
vit legii statului n care a svrit in-
fraciunea este necesar plngerea
prealabil i aceasta nu s-a produs.
ntruct suportul su juridic
aciunea penal se caracterizea-
z n acest caz prin disponibilitate,
organele judiciare nu pot exercita
atribuiunile lor din oficiu.
Referitor la continutul plngerii
prealabile, sunt situatii n care ne-
respectarea unor condiii generale
duc la nulitatea plngerii. Printre
elementele ce pot determina nuli-
tatea plngerii, amintim: descrie-
rea faptei, artarea fptuitorului, a
probelor ce consider c susin cele
afirmate, indicarea prii respon-
sabile civilmente, precum pentru
a cpta caracterul unei plngerii
prealabile se cere i manifestarea
de voin ca fptuitorul s fie tras la
rspundere penal.
Svrirea de infraciuni d
dreptul statului s trag la rspun-
dere penal pe infractor, activitate
ce se realizeaz ntr-un proces pe-
nal. n acelai timp, art. 1 prevede
c scopul procesului penal este
constatarea la timp i n mod com-
plet a faptelor penale. Rezult c
organele judiciare au dreptul, dar,
n acelai timp i obligaia de a des-
fura activitatea procesual ori de
cte ori s-a svrit o infraciune.
Putem defini plngerea preala-
bil, ca fiind actul procesual prin
care persoana vtmat printr-o
medierea, tehnic i art
SMALL JUSTICE
Prior complaint & Mediation
A viable alternative!
I
n a state of law, legal order is by negligence (Article 181), home
established and maintained by violation (art. 192), threat (art. 193),
the norms of law. These norms violation of secrecy of correspond-
provide rules of conduct, which the ence (Article 195), the disclosure of
community members must meet, professional secrecy (art. 196), rape
sanctions being imposed if violated. (Article 197 paragraph 1), theft
Rules of law most of them are ex- punished at prior complaint (Art.
pressed in a particular way: the law. 210), breach of trust (art. 213), de-
Establishing by law the facts con- struction (art. 217), abandonment
stituting felonies as well as criminal of family (art. 305), breach of cus-
sanctions framework, has a dual tody measures (art. 307), disturbing
role: first to show the members of the use of home (Article 320).
society which are the deeds pro- For criminal acts committed out-
hibited by criminal law and also to side the country, by foreigners or
warn them about the consequences stateless persons not residing in the
of committing such acts, thus ful- country and who are applied the
filling the function of general pre- principle of criminal law universal-
vention, and secondly to ensure ity (Criminal Code Article 6), there
proper classification of the facts must be considered also the foreign
which violate the criminal law and laws on the prior complaint. Thus,
a fair punishment for those who according to the exception from art.
commit such acts, so the special 6. paragraph 3 of Criminal Code,
prevention role. the offender can not be prosecuted
Committing the offense, even in our country if the law of the state
when discovered and proved by ev- where the offense was committed,
idence, does not require automatic stipulates that prior complaint is
application of punishment. To pun- mandatory and has not occurred.
ish the offender, there is need for Since its legal support criminal
the intervention of the criminal proceedings in this case is charac-
justice meaning the offenders con- terized by availability, the judiciary
viction by a competent court on the can not exercise their prerogatives
basis of judgments. ex officio.
In the case of less serious crimes Regarding the content of the pri-
or those regarding the relations be- or complaint, there are situations in
tween persons or their personal life, which failure to meet some general
the Criminal Code and other laws conditions lead to the nullity of the
with criminal provisions stipulate complaint. Among the elements
that criminal proceedings can only that can cause nullity I mention:
be instituted or exercised if the in- description of the offense, indica-
jured expressed willingness to make tion of the offender, of the evidence
the offender stand accountable, by supporting the allegations, indica-
introducing a prior criminal com- tion of the party responsible civilly,
plaint to the judicial authorities. will that the accused should be held
Prior complaint represents a criminally responsible.
criminal law institution, its lack Committing offenses gives the
being a cause for removing crimi- state the right to hold the offender
nal liability (Article 131 Criminal liable, an activity that takes place in
Code). a criminal trial. At the same time,
The institution also has a proce- Article 1 provides that the aim of
dural reflex, which is directly re- a trial is finding the crimes on time
flected on the possibility to exercise and completely. Consequently,
criminal action and implicitly on judicial bodies have the right, but
criminal responsibility. at the same time the obligation to
In terms of criminal law the prior hold the proceedings whenever a
complaint is a punishment condi- crime was committed.
tion and in terms of criminal law a We define the prior complaint as
condition of process. being the procedural act by which
Criminal law determines the cas- the person injured by a crime
es for which the exercise of criminal shows his willingness that the per-
action is required prior to the com- son committing the offense is held
plaint, as these crimes are among criminally liable, without which
those concerning limited social the criminal liability cannot occur,
relations, especially the personal therefore any criminal proceedings
interests of the parties. can not begin and continue.
The Criminal Code provides Lack of prior complaint or its
that criminal proceedings shall be withdrawal precludes the prosecu-
initiated after the prior complaint tion during the criminal investiga-
for crimes on: hitting or other vio- tion and during the trial. 7
lence (art. 180), personal injury There are however deeds pun-
 medierea, tehnic i art
infraciune i manifest vointa de a
fi tras la rspundere penal cel ce a
svrit-o, act fr de care nu poate
interveni rspunderea penal i, ca
urmare, nu poate ncepe si nici con-
tinua procesul penal.
Lipsa plngerii prealabile sau
retragerea ei mpiedic exercitarea
aciunii penale att n cursul urm-
ririi penale ct si n cursul judecii.
Sunt totui fapte incriminate de
legea penal care prezint un grad
redus de pericol social, prin aceea
c ele nu au aceea rezonan social
care s impun neaprat aplicarea
de sanciuni penale. Apoi, sunt alte
fapte care se petrec, de regul, n cer-
cul mai restrns al anumitor grupuri
sociale, cu o rezonan mai mult in-
dividual dect social. n astfel de
situaii, dac cei individual lezai nu
cred c e cazul s
sesizeze organele
penale, e mai po-
trivit ca societatea
s renune la tra-
gerea din oficiu la
rspundere penal
a fptuitorilor.
Plngerea pre-
alabil, pentru
a fi valabil i a
produce efecte ju-
ridice, trebuie in-
trodus la organul
competent ntr-un
anumit termen.
Prin urmare pe
drept cuvant este
de notorietate
faptul ca aglome-
rarea instanelor
de judecata din
Romania afectea-
za ntreg sistemul
judiciar, c proce-
sele aparent sim-
ple sunt ntarziate peste limitele
rezonabile iar deciziile, sentinele
instantelor vin adesea prea tarziu
pentru justiiabili.
Un paradox al timpului n care
traim, era a dezvoltrii fr precedent
a celor mai moderne mijloace de co-
municare, l constituie tocmai lipsa
comunicrii element esenial n ps-
trarea bunelor relaii dintre oamenii.
Astzi, conflictele devin tot mai
numeroase i tot mai complexe iar
clasica rezolvare a acestora nu ofera
soluiile compatibile cu gradul de
dezvoltare al societii. Rezolvarea
alternativ a conflictelor n afara
sistemului judiciar clasic a devenit
indispensabil tocmai datorit unui
formalism inevitabil ce caracteri-
zeaz dreptul procesual civil sau
penal, formalism ce impune respec-
tarea unor reguli tot mai complexe,
fapt ce nate mai multe inconveni-
ente pentru justiiabil precum cos-
turile de timp i/sau bani, ca efect
n timp, generator de stres.
Soluionarea clasic a diferende-
8 lor, soluii de tip catig pierdere,
nvingtor nvins. n acest context,
medierea modalitate alternativa ished by the criminal law, with a low mediation, alternative dispute reso-
de soluionare a conflictelor civile degree of social danger, i. e. they do lution of civil or criminal conflicts,
sau penale, poate fi o modalitate not have that social resonance that can be an efficient and effective re-
eficient si eficace de rspuns la di- necessarily impose criminal sanc- sponse to the difficulties mentioned
ficultile evocate mai sus, soluiile tions. Then there are other facts above, the solutions it offers are,
oferite de aceasta fiind, n cele mai that happen, usually, in smaller cir- in most cases, win-win solutions
multe cazuri, de tip ctig-ctig, cles of certain social groups with a found and adopted by both sides,
soluii gsite i adoptate de ambele more individual rather than social solutions that answer to all their
pri, soluii ce reprezint rspun- resonance. In such situations, if the needs.
surile la toate nevoile lor. individuals offended do not think Therefore, mediation is a pro-
Aadar medierea este o proce- they should notify the criminal cedure much faster than any trial
dur mult mai rapid dect orice authorities, is most appropriate for that has hearings, and which may
proces ce are termene de judecat, the society to stop the ex officio no- take months or even years. If until
proces ce se poate desfura pe par- tification on criminally liability. recently a divorce could even take
cursul la luni sau chiar ani de zile. The prior complaint, in order to years and participants get to hate
Dac pn nu demult un divor be valid and produce legal effect, each others, today through media-
putea dura ani de zile i participan- must be submitted to the compe- tion, a divorce can take a few weeks,
ii ajungeau s se urasc, azi prin tent body in a certain period of time. and during this time the parties
procedura medierii, divorul poate Therefore it is well known that communicate and find the best so-
dura doar cateva sptmni, timp the congestion of Romanian courts lution for themselves and their fam-
n care prile comunic i gsesc affects the entire judicial system, ily members, keeping in this case
continuity in their
relationship.
But lets see
what happens in
case of an injury
where the claim-
ant has made a
complaint to the
prosecutors of-
fice. From a legal
point of view, the
criminal investi-
gation body will
review the facts
and documents
that can provide
private conviction
that social rela-
tions have been
disturbed, the
values stipulated
in Article 1 of the
Criminal Code
were harmed, but
the investigator
can hardly weigh
soluia cea mai buna pentru ei i apparently simple trials are delayed emotional state of the parties in-
pentru membri familiei lor, ps- beyond reasonable limits and deci- volved in the process, to the detri-
trnd n aceasta situaie o continui- sions, court rulings often come too ment of the documents. What hap-
tate a relaiei dintre ei. late for litigants. pens in such cases in a mediation?
Dar s privim ce se ntampla n A paradox of the present time, The parties relive the emotions of
cazul unei vtmri, n care cel v- when noticing unprecedented de- the facts, and together they can find
tmat a facut o plngere la parchet. velopment of modern means of reasons for their occurrence. Find-
Din punct de vedere legal, organul communication, is precisely the ing explanations to their gestures
de cercetare penal, va analiza fap- lack of communication, an essen- and actions, this time the parties
tele i nscrisurile care i pot oferi tial element in maintaining good are seeking an amicably solution to
convingerea intim c n sfera rela- relations between people. meet their both material and spir-
iilor sociale s-a produs o tulburare, Today, conflicts are becoming itual needs. The role of mediator
o vtmare a valorilor stipulate n more numerous and more complex in this case is maximum. The me-
art. 1 Cod Penal, nsa cu greu an- and their classical resolution does diator is a person who knows and
chetatorul va putea cntri starea not offer solutions compatible with can find the path and how to cross
emoional a prilor implicate n the development of the society. Al- the same path of reconciliation be-
proces, n detrimentul nscrisurilor. ternative resolution of conflicts out- tween the two. After such a meeting
Ce se ntampl n aceast situaie la side the judicial system has become the parties may live together, may
o mediere? Prile retriesc emo- indispensable, precisely because of continue good relationship before
iile faptelor, i mpreun pot gsi inevitable formality characterizing the incident.
motivele producerii acestora. G- civil or criminal procedural law, a More than ever, in the context of
sind explicaii la gesturile i faptele formalism which requires compli- a market economy, the implemen-
lor, prile caut de data aceasta o ance of more complex rules, which tation of mediation institution is
soluie pe cale amiabil care s le lead to several inconveniences for required, providing trading part-
satisfac nevoile atat materiale ct litigants, as well as time and / or ners preservation of good relations,
i sufleteti. Rolul mediatorului in money costs, a generator of stress. acting either preventive or for set-
acest caz este maxim. Mediatorul The classical settlement of dis- tling disputes arising effectively,
este persoana care tie i poate s putes leads to win loss, winner- in order to avoid lawsuits in the
gseasc calea i modul de a strba- loser solutions. In this context, courts of law or arbitration, while

te aceeai cale a mpcrii de ctre
cei doi. Dupa o astfel de ntalnire
prile pot s convieuiasc, pot
continua relaia buna de dinainte
de incident.
Mai mult ca oricand, n contextul
unei economii de piata se impune
implementarea instituiei medierii,
care sa ofere partenerilor comerci-
ali meninerea bunelor relaii, ac-
ionnd fie preventiv, fie pentru
soluionarea disputelor aprute
n mod eficient, n scopul evitrii
unor procese n faa instanelor de
judecat sau arbitrale, contribuind
totodata la meninerea unui mediu
de afaceri sntos, ambiental.
Medierea se poate aplica orica-
rui tip de conflict, n condiiile n
care prile pot dispune cu privire
la drepturile ce fac obiectul medie-
rii. Se poate recurge la mediere att
in cazul conflictelor ce nu au fost
deduse judecaii ct i n cazul con-
flictelor ce se afla pe rolul instane-
lor de judecat. Exist ri n care
medierea este obligatorie (Canada,
Germania, etc).
De asemenea, la nivelul Uniunii
Europene, structur din care Ro-
mania face parte din ianuarie 2007,
se regsesc cteva instrumente im-
portante precum:
Recomandarea Comisiei din 30
Martie 1988(98/257/CE a Parla-
mentului European cu privire la
principiile aplicabile organelor
responsabile pentru soluionarea
extrajudiciara a litigiilor consu-
matorilor politica de protecia
consumatorilor.
Recomandarea 2001/310/CE/din
4 aprilie Sndarde i proceduri ;
Directiva 2008/52/CE a Parla-
mentului European si a Consiliu-
lui din 21 mai privind medierea
in materie civil si comercial ;
Codul de Conduit European
pentru mediatori adoptat la ni-
velul Comisiei Europene.
Bunaoara nca din anul 2006, Ro-
mania a adoptat legea medierii,
intrand n vigoare abia n anul
2008 Legea 192/2006 privind
medierea i organizarea profesiei
de mediator prima lege ca-
dru prin care sistemul legislativ
romanesc recunoate utilitatea
i reglementeaza coordonatele
generale ale acestei proceduri
medierea, modificat i com-
pletat prin legea 370/2009, Or-
donana Guvernului nr. 13/2010
i prin legea 202/2010 privind
unele msuri pentru accelerarea
soluionrii proceselor. 
Venera Laurenia Rducu
Mediator
BIBLIOGRAFIE
I. Tratate, cursuri, monografii,
articole
1. Antoniu G., Volonciu N., Zaha-
ria N., Dictionar de procedur
penal, Ed. Stiinific si Enciclo-
pedic, Bucuresti, 1988 helping to maintain a healthy busi-
2. Bulai C., Drept penal, Partea ge-
neral, vol. III, Bucuresti, 1982.
3. Dongoroz V. s. a., Explicaii teo-
retice ale Codului de procedur
penal, Ed. Academiei, Bucu-
resti, 1975
4. Dongoroz V., Drept penal, Bu-
curesti, 1939
5. Dongoroz V. s. a. Explicaii teo-
retice ale Codului penal romn,
Partea general, vol. II, Ed. Aca-
demiei, Bucuresti, 1970
6. Gotu P., Plngerea prealabil si
punerea n miscare a aciunii
penale, atunci cnd partea vt-
mat este un minor cu capacita-
te de exerciiu restrns, Revista
Romn de Drept nr. 11/1983
7. Giurgiu N., Cauzele de nulitate
n procesul penal, Ed. Stiinific
si Pedagogic, Bucuresti, 1974
8. Iliescu N., Explicatii teoretice
ale Codului de procedur pe-
nal, Partea special, vol. II, Ed.
Academiei, 1976
9. Lisnic N., Plngerea prealabil.
Condiii de valabilitate, Revis-
ta Romn de Drept Penalnr.
4/2004
10. Mateu G., Procedura penal,
Partea special, Ed. Lumina Lex,
Bucuresti, 1997
11. Neagu I, Drept procesual penal,
Partea special, vol. I, Ed. Oscar
Print, Bucuresti, 1994
12. Neagu I., Drept procesual penal.
Tratat, Ed. Global Lex, Bucures-
ti, 2002
13. Oancea I., Drept procesual pe-
nal, Bucuresti, 1994
14. Panurescu V, Not sub decizia
nr. 1671942 a Curii de Casatie,
Sectiuni Unite, n Pandectele
romne, 1944
15. Paraschiv Silvia Carmen s. a.,
Drept procesual penal, Editura
Lumina Lex, 2004
16. Papu G., Despre continutul
plngerii prealabile si efectele
neregularitilor n aceast pri-
vin, Revista Dreptul nr. 5/2001
17. Ptulea V., Plngerea prealabil
si punerea n miscare a aciunii
penale, atunci cnd partea vt-
mat este un minor cu capacita-
te de exerciiu restrns, Revista
Romn de Drept nr. 11/1983
18. Pvleanu M, I. Iacobut, M.
Covalciuc, Drept procesual pe-
nal, Editura Pamfilius, Iasi, 2005.
19. Popovici M., Plngerea preala-
bil n reglementarea actualului
Cod de procedur penal, Revis-
ta Romn de Drept nr. 9/1969
20. Soare D., Persoana juridic titu-
lar a plngerii prealabile, Revis-
ta Dreptul nr. 4/2007
21. Theodoru G., Drept procesual
penal, Partea special, Ed. Cu-
getarea Iasi, 1998.
22. Vizitiu G., Societtii comercia-
le. Aciune penal., Revista de
Drept Penal, Anul X nr. 2/2003
23. Volonciu N., Tratat de procedu-
r penal, Partea special, vol. II,
ness environment.
Mediation can be applied to any
type of conflict, as the parties may
decide on the rights that are object
of mediation. Mediation can be
used both when conflicts were not
sent to court yet and for conflicts
that are pending with the courts
of law. There are countries where
mediation is mandatory (Canada,
Germany, etc).
Also at EU level, the structure of
which Romania is part since Janu-
ary 2007, several important tools
can be found:
Commissions recommendation
dated March 30, 1988 (98/257/
EC of the European Parliament
regarding the principles applica-
ble to bodies in charge with the
resolution outside a court of con-
sumers litigations consumer
protection policy
Recommendation 2001/310/EC/
April 4 Standards and procedu-
res ;
Directive 2008/52/EC of the
European Parliament and the
Council dated May 21 on me-
diation in civil and commercial
cases ;
European Conduct Code for me-
diators adopted by the European
Commission.
Back in 2006, Romania adopted
the Law on mediation, but it
entered into force only in 2008,
Law 192/2006 on mediation and
the organization of the media-
tor profession first law fra-
mework by which the Romanian
legal system recognizes the be-
nefits and regulates the general
details of this procedure me-
diation, amended and supple-
mented by Law 370/2009, the
Government Ordinance 13/2010
and law 202/2010 on some mea-
sures to accelerate the settlement
process.
Venera Laurenia Rducu
Mediator
BIBLIOGRAFIE
I. Tratate, cursuri, monografii,
articole
1. Antoniu G., Volonciu N., Zaha-
ria N., Dictionar de procedur
penal, Ed. Stiinific si Enciclo- 23. 23. Volonciu N., Tratat de
pedic, Bucuresti, 1988
2. Bulai C., Drept penal, Partea ge-
neral, vol. III, Bucuresti, 1982.
3. Dongoroz V. s. a., Explicaii teo-
retice ale Codului de procedur
penal, Ed. Academiei, Bucu-
resti, 1975
4. Dongoroz V., Drept penal, Bu-
curesti, 1939
5. Dongoroz V. s. a. Explicaii teo-
retice ale Codului penal romn,
Partea general, vol. II, Ed. Aca-
demiei, Bucuresti, 1970
6. Gotu P., Plngerea prealabil si
punerea n miscare a aciunii
medierea, tehnic i art
penale, atunci cnd partea vt-
mat este un minor cu capacita-
te de exerciiu restrns, Revista
Romn de Drept nr. 11/1983
7. Giurgiu N., Cauzele de nulitate
n procesul penal, Ed. Stiinific
si Pedagogic, Bucuresti, 1974
8. Iliescu N., Explicatii teoretice
ale Codului de procedur pe-
nal, Partea special, vol. II, Ed.
Academiei, 1976
9. Lisnic N., Plngerea prealabil.
Condiii de valabilitate, Revis-
ta Romn de Drept Penalnr.
4/2004
10. Mateu G., Procedura penal,
Partea special, Ed. Lumina Lex,
Bucuresti, 1997
11. Neagu I, Drept procesual penal,
Partea special, vol. I, Ed. Oscar
Print, Bucuresti, 1994
12. Neagu I., Drept procesual penal.
Tratat, Ed. Global Lex, Bucures-
ti, 2002
13. Oancea I., Drept procesual pe-
nal, Bucuresti, 1994
14. Panurescu V, Not sub decizia
nr. 1671942 a Curii de Casatie,
Sectiuni Unite, n Pandectele
romne, 1944
15. Paraschiv Silvia Carmen s. a.,
Drept procesual penal, Editura
Lumina Lex, 2004
16. Papu G., Despre continutul
plngerii prealabile si efectele
neregularitilor n aceast pri-
vin, Revista Dreptul nr. 5/2001
17. Ptulea V., Plngerea prealabil
si punerea n miscare a aciunii
penale, atunci cnd partea vt-
mat este un minor cu capacita-
te de exerciiu restrns, Revista
Romn de Drept nr. 11/1983
18. Pvleanu M, I. Iacobut, M.
Covalciuc, Drept procesual pe-
nal, Editura Pamfilius, Iasi, 2005.
19. Popovici M., Plngerea prea-
labil n reglementarea actua-
lului Cod de procedur penal,
Revista Romn de Drept nr.
9/1969
20. Soare D., Persoana juridic titu-
lar a plngerii prealabile, Revis-
ta Dreptul nr. 4/2007
21. Theodoru G., Drept procesual
penal, Partea special, Ed. Cu-
getarea Iasi, 1998.
22. Vizitiu G., Societtii comercia-
le. Aciune penal., Revista de
Drept Penal, Anul X nr. 2/2003
procedur penal, Partea speci-
al, vol. II, Ed. Paideia, Bucures-
ti, 1994
24. Volonciu N., Tratat de procedu-
r penal, Editura Paideia, Bu-
curesti, 2003.
25. Fanuta Linsman, Medierea in
procesul civil, Editura Universi-
ara, 2011 Bucuresti.
26. Alina Gorghiu, Nicolae Bogdan,
Codrut Stefanescu, Manuela
Sarbu, Mihai Munteanu, Ion
Dedu Medierea Oxigen pen-
tru Afaceri, Editura Universul 9
Bucuresti 2011.
 medierea, tehnic i art
Ed. Paideia, Bucuresti, 1994
24. Volonciu N., Tratat de procedu-
r penal, Editura Paideia, Bu-
curesti, 2003.
25. Fanuta Linsman, Medierea in
procesul civil, Editura Universi-
ara, 2011 Bucuresti.
26. Alina Gorghiu, Nicolae Bogdan,
Codrut Stefanescu, Manuela
Sarbu, Mihai Munteanu, Ion
Dedu Medierea Oxigen pen-
tru Afaceri, Editura Universul
Bucuresti 2011.
27. Mugur Mitroi Mediere si Con-
flict, Editura Rotech Pro, Bucu-
resti 2010.
28. Ioan Les Tratat de drept proce-
sual civil editia 4, Editura C. H.
Beek Bucuresti 2008.
II. Acte normative
1. Constituia Romniei
2. Monitorul Oficial al Romniei
3. Codul de procedur penal,
Editura Lumina Lex, 1997
4. Codul de procedur penal,
Editura All Beck, 2005
5. Codul penal aprobat prin Legea
nr. 301/2004 a crei dat de in-
trare n vigoare a fost proroga-
t pn la data de 1 septembrie
2008, potrivit Ordonanei de ur-
gent a Guvernului nr. 50/2006,
publicat n Monitorul Oficial al
Romniei, Partea I, nr. 566 din
30 iunie 2006.
6. Codul penal, Editura Lumina
Lex 1997
7. Legea nr. 247/2005 privind refor-
ma n domeniile propriettii si
justiiei precum si unele msuri
adiacente Monitorul Oficial al
Romniei nr. 653/22. 07. 2005
8. Legea nr. 255/2004 pentru mo-
dificarea si completarea Legii nr.
51/1995 privind organizarea si
exercitarea profesiei de avocat
Monitorul Oficial al Romniei
nr. 559/23. 06. 2004
9. Legea nr. 281/2003 privind mo-
dificarea si completarea Codului
de procedur penal si a unor
legi speciale Monitorul Oficial
al Romniei nr. 468/1. 07. 2003.
10. Legea nr. 304/2004 privind or-
ganizarea judiciar republica-
t Monitorul Oficial al Rom-
niei nr. 827/3. 09. 2005
11. Legea nr. 356/2006 pentru mo-
dificarea si completarea Codului
de procedur penal, precum si
pentru modificarea altor legi.
12. Curtea Constitutional a Rom-
niei Decizia nr. 62 din 18 ianu-
arie 2007 referitoare la excepia
de neconstituionalitate a dispo-
ziiilor art. I pct. 56 din Legea nr.
278/2006 pentru modificarea
si completarea Codului penal,
precum si pentru modificarea si
completarea altor legii referitoa-
re la art. 205, 206 207 Cod penal,
Monitorul Oficial al Romniei
nr. 104 din 12 februarie 2007
III. Practic judiciar
10 1. nalta Curte de Casatie si Jus-
tiie, Sectiile Unite, Decizia nr.
XX/12. 06. 2006, Monitorul Ofi-
cial nr. 7/05. 01. 2007
2. nalta Curte de Casatie si Justiie,
Sectia penal, decizia nr. 1106/2004,
Revista de Drept nr. 5/2005
3. nalta Curte de Casatie si Justiie,
Sectia penal, decizia nr. 344/2005,
Buletinul Casatiei nr. 4/2005
4. Curtea Suprem de Justiie, Sec-
tia penal, decizia penal nr.
329/1995, Buletinul Jurispru-
dentei pe 1995
5. Curtea Suprem de Justiie, Sec-
tia penal, decizia penal nr.
1397/1992 Revista Dreptul nr.
3/1993
6. Tribunalul Suprem, Sectia pena-
l, decizia nr. 1248/1978, Revis-
ta de Drept nr. 1/1979
7. Tribunalul Suprem, Sectia pena-
l, decizia nr. 1020/1986, Cule-
gere de Decizii, 1986
8. Tribunalul Suprem, Sectia pena-
l, decizia nr. 1324/1981, Revis-
ta Romn de Drept nr. 1/1982
9. Curtea Suprem de Justiie
Sectia penal decizia penal nr.
1556/2000, Revista de Drept Pe-
nal nr. 8/2003
10. Curtea de Apel Bucuresti, s. a
II-a pen., dec. nr. 81/1999
11. Curtea de Apel Bucuresti, Sec-
tia a II a penal, decizia nr.
1668/2001, Revista Dreptul nr.
2/2002
12. Trib. Mun. Bucuresti, Sectia I-a
penal, decizia nr. 557/1996,
Culegere de pracic judiciar
a Tribunalului Bucuresti pe anii
1994-1997
13. Trib. Mun. Bucuresti, Sectia II-a
penal, decizia nr. 689/1985
14. Trib. Mun. Bucuresti, Sectia a
II-a penal, decizia nr. 474/1990
n Culegere de pracic judiciar
pe anul 1990, cu Note de Vasile
Papadopol
15. Trib. jud. Suceava, decizia pena-
l nr. 106/1982 Revista Romn
de Drept nr. 9/1982
16. Tribunalul Vrancea, decizia pe-
nal nr. 21/2005, Jurisprudenta
national 2004-2006, Editura
Brilliance, 2006.
17. Tribunalul Jud. Bacu, decizia
penal nr. 648/1981, Revista
Romn de Drept nr. 3/1982
18. Tribunalul Mures, decizia pe-
nal nr. 59/2005, Jurisprudenta
national 2004-2006, Editura
Brilliance, 2006.
DE CE AM AJUNS MEDIATOR, DE
CE CONTINUI SA PROMOVEZ
MEDIEREA?
mi amintesc i zmbesc cnd
m gndesc de ce am devenit
mediator. Cnd am aflat de
aceasta profesie noua (noua pentru
mine), complet fr int am hota-
rt s urmez aceste cursuri ca o al-
ternativ la mbuntirea bugetu-
lui propriu. Citeam si participam la
cursuri cu deosebit placere, graie
celui care mi-a fost profesor, fr sa
mi imaginez c m voi ndrgosti
27. Mugur Mitroi Mediere si Con- 329/1995, Buletinul Jurispru-
flict, Editura Rotech Pro, Bucu- dentei pe 1995
resti 2010. 5. Curtea Suprem de Justiie, Sec-
28. Ioan Les Tratat de drept proce- tia penal, decizia penal nr.
sual civil editia 4, Editura C. H. 1397/1992 Revista Dreptul nr.
Beek Bucuresti 2008. 3/1993
II. Acte normative 6. Tribunalul Suprem, Sectia pena-
1. Constituia Romniei l, decizia nr. 1248/1978, Revis-
2. Monitorul Oficial al Romniei ta de Drept nr. 1/1979
3. Codul de procedur penal, 7. Tribunalul Suprem, Sectia pena-
Editura Lumina Lex, 1997 l, decizia nr. 1020/1986, Cule-
4. Codul de procedur penal, gere de Decizii, 1986
Editura All Beck, 2005 8. Tribunalul Suprem, Sectia pena-
5. Codul penal aprobat prin Legea l, decizia nr. 1324/1981, Revis-
nr. 301/2004 a crei dat de in- ta Romn de Drept nr. 1/1982
trare n vigoare a fost proroga- 9. Curtea Suprem de Justiie
t pn la data de 1 septembrie Sectia penal decizia penal nr.
2008, potrivit Ordonanei de ur- 1556/2000, Revista de Drept Pe-
gent a Guvernului nr. 50/2006, nal nr. 8/2003
publicat n Monitorul Oficial al 10. Curtea de Apel Bucuresti, s. a
Romniei, Partea I, nr. 566 din II-a pen., dec. nr. 81/1999
30 iunie 2006. 11. Curtea de Apel Bucuresti, Sec-
6. Codul penal, Editura Lumina tia a II a penal, decizia nr.
Lex 1997 1668/2001, Revista Dreptul nr.
7. Legea nr. 247/2005 privind re- 2/2002
forma n domeniile propriettii 12. Trib. Mun. Bucuresti, Sectia I-a
si justiiei precum si unele m- penal, decizia nr. 557/1996,
suri adiacente Monitorul Ofi- Culegere de pracic judiciar
cial al Romniei nr. 653/22. 07. a Tribunalului Bucuresti pe anii
2005 1994-1997
8. Legea nr. 255/2004 pentru mo- 13. Trib. Mun. Bucuresti, Sectia II-a
dificarea si completarea Legii nr. penal, decizia nr. 689/1985
51/1995 privind organizarea si 14. Trib. Mun. Bucuresti, Sectia a
exercitarea profesiei de avocat II-a penal, decizia nr. 474/1990
Monitorul Oficial al Romniei n Culegere de pracic judiciar
nr. 559/23. 06. 2004 pe anul 1990, cu Note de Vasile
9. Legea nr. 281/2003 privind mo- Papadopol
dificarea si completarea Codului 15. Trib. jud. Suceava, decizia pena-
de procedur penal si a unor l nr. 106/1982 Revista Romn
legi speciale Monitorul Oficial de Drept nr. 9/1982
al Romniei nr. 468/1. 07. 2003. 16. Tribunalul Vrancea, decizia pe-
10. Legea nr. 304/2004 privind or- nal nr. 21/2005, Jurisprudenta
ganizarea judiciar republica- national 2004-2006, Editura
t Monitorul Oficial al Rom- Brilliance, 2006.
niei nr. 827/3. 09. 2005 17. Tribunalul Jud. Bacu, decizia
11. Legea nr. 356/2006 pentru mo- penal nr. 648/1981, Revista
dificarea si completarea Codului Romn de Drept nr. 3/1982
de procedur penal, precum si 18. Tribunalul Mures, decizia pe-
pentru modificarea altor legi. nal nr. 59/2005, Jurisprudenta
12. Curtea Constitutional a Rom- national 2004-2006, Editura
niei Decizia nr. 62 din 18 ianu- Brilliance, 2006.
arie 2007 referitoare la excepia
de neconstituionalitate a dispo- Why I became a mediator,
ziiilor art. I pct. 56 din Legea nr. why I continue to promote
278/2006 pentru modificarea mediation
I
si completarea Codului penal, remember and smile when
precum si pentru modificarea si thinking why I became a media-
completarea altor legii referitoa- tor. When I learned of this new
re la art. 205, 206 207 Cod penal, profession (new to me), completely
Monitorul Oficial al Romniei aimlessly I decided to follow these
nr. 104 din 12 februarie 2007 courses as an alternative to improve
III. Practic judiciar my own budget.
1. nalta Curte de Casatie si Jus- I was reading and attend-
tiie, Sectiile Unite, Decizia nr. ing classes with great pleas-
XX/12. 06. 2006, Monitorul Ofi- ure, thanks to the person who
cial nr. 7/05. 01. 2007 was my teacher, without imagining
2. nalta Curte de Casatie si Jus- that I would ever fall in love with
tiie, Sectia penal, decizia nr. this profession, given that I am such
1106/2004, Revista de Drept nr. a technical person. What made me
5/2005 finally perform this profession with
3. nalta Curte de Casatie si Jus- a special pleasure were the people.
tiie, Sectia penal, decizia nr. The people I met. People to whom
344/2005, Buletinul Casatiei nr. I was speaking about mediation,
4/2005 learning myself how beneficial
4. Curtea Suprem de Justiie, Sec- mediation is in resolving disputes,
tia penal, decizia penal nr. people who showed me later that
 medierea, tehnic i art

vreodat, eu o persoan tehnica Nu tiu ci dintre
pn in vrful prului, de aceast noi i asigur existen-
profesie. Ceea ce m-a determinat a doar din medieri,
sa fac ntr-un final cu o placere ns convingerea mea
special aceast profesie au fost oa- este c numai aceeia
menii. Oamenii cu care m-am intal- dintre noi care avem
nit. Oameni crora la nceputuri le darul iubirii, iubirii
vorbeam despre mediere nvnd dintre i pentru oa-
eu nsmi ct de benefic poate fi meni, pot promova i
medierea n rezolvarea dispute- face medieri. tiu c
lor, Oamenii care mi-au aratat mai toi profesorii notri
trziu c arta comunicarii poate ne spun i ne vorbesc
face minuni, oamenii ce au neles despre neutralita-
c orice problem se poate rezolva te, imparialitate i
cu ajutorul unei persoane neutre, confidenialitate, ns
care tie s pstreze confidenialita- niciunul nu ne spune
tea cazului i a discuiilor dintre ei. c adevratul motiv
Acest mediator are ca rol principal al acestei profesii de
s deschid drumuri intre cei ce au AUR, este iubirea pen-
o problem, prin intrebri iscusite tru Oameni. 
i bine plasate, acest mediator poa-
te s aduc linitea i nelegerea n Venera Laurenia Rducu
aproape orice conflict.
to maintain the confidentiality of
the art of communication can work
wonders, people who understood
Mediator that any problem can be solved
with a neutral person, who is able
the case and discussions between
them. This mediators main role is
to open roads between those who
have a problem, through skilled
and well-placed questions, this me-
diator can bring peace and under-
standing in almost any conflict.
I do not know how many of us
ensure their living only from me-
diation but I am confident that
only those who have the gift of love,
love for people, can promote and
perform mediation. I know that all
our teachers tell us and talk about
neutrality, impartiality and confi-
dentiality, but no one tells us that
the real reason for this wonderful
profession is love for people. 
Venera Laurenia Rducu
Mediator

De ce medierea Why mediation

S I
-a dovedit c de-a lungul vieii
fiecare om se ntlnete n
relaiile lui ceilali oameni, cu
instituii, organisme etc. cu proble-
me, conflicte, pe care nu le poate
rezolva pe cale amiabil sau dac
le rezolv pe aceast cale, aceste re-
zolvri nu au ntotdeauna caracter
oficial i putere de lege.
Atunci, de regul, se apeleaz la
instanele judectoreti. Instanele
apeleaz la normele legale n vigoa-
re, emit hotrri care devin obliga-
torii pentru toate prile implicate.
Dar, aceste hotrri judectoreti
nu mulumesc, aproape ntotdeau-
na, toate prile aflate n conflict.
Important este ns c, chiar i
persoana nemulumit trebuie s
respecte ntocmai hotrrea jude-
ctoreasc emis.
Instituia medierii, spre deosebi-
re de instanele de judecat, ofer
posibilitatea persoanelor aflate n
conflict, s-i rezolve acest conflict
hotrnd rezolvarea lui de comun
acord, prin stabilirea unei soluii
care n final mulumete ambele
pri.
Important este de asemenea
c aceast soluie este stabilit de
prile aflate n conflict, pe baza
dornelor fiecruia i nu de o per-
soana aflat n afara conflictului
care stabilete soluia n baza unor
norme legale i a modului per-
sonal n care aceasta interpreteaz
aceste norme.
Liliana Holostencu
Mediator
t turned out that during a life- satisfy, almost always, all parties to
time, every man meets in his the conflict. Importantly, however,
relations with other people, in- is that even the unhappy person
stitutions, bodies, etc.. problems, must comply strictly with the judi-
conflicts, that cannot be resolved cial decision issued.
amicably or Mediation institution, unlike
if resolved in courts, enables people in conflict
this way, such to resolve this conflict by acting
solutions do jointly to decide that resolution, by
not always establishing a solution that finally
have official satisfies both parties.
character and It is also important that this so-
force of law. lution is determined by the parties
Then, usu- to the conflict, based on everyones
ally, men re- wish and not by a person outside
sort to courts. the conflict, who issue a solution
Courts resort to legal norms in based on legal rules and personal
place, issuing decisions that are interpretation of those rules.
binding on all parties involved. Liliana Holostencu
But these court decisions do not Mediator

11
 medierea, tehnic i art

Uniunea Centrelor de Mediere din Romania Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service

AGENDA CONFERINEI AGENDA OF THE CONFERENCE

MEDIEREA APROAPE DE TINE! MEDIATION CLOSE TO YOU!
Duminica 4.12.2011, Bucuresti, 11,45 13,15 Sunday, 4.12.2011, Bucharest, missioner, Federal Mediation
in Palatul Parlamentului Dna. Eileen B. Hoffman, Com- Parliament Palace and Conciliation Service, Wa-
09.00 - 10.00 Inregistrare par- missioner, Federal Mediation 09.00 - 10.00 Registration of shington DC, USA., Promoting
ticipanti and Conciliation Service, Wa- participants innovation in mediation and
10.00 11,30 shington DC, S.U.A., Promova- 10.00 11,30 the message of Mr. George Co-
Dl. Mugur Mitroi, presedinte al rea inovatiei in mediere si mesa- Mr. Mugur Mitroi, president of hen director of Federal Media-
Uniunii Centrelor de Mediere jul dlui George Cohen director the Union of Mediation Centers tion and Conciliation Service
din Romania, Cuvant catre par- al Federal Mediation and Conci- from Romania, Opening state- Mrs. Linda I. Lazarus, Federal
ticipanti liation Service ment for participants Mediation and Conciliation
Dl. Radu Carp, director Institu- Dna. Linda I. Lazarus, Fede- Mr. Radu Carp, director Ro- Service, Washington DC, USA.,
tul Diplomatic Roman, Cuvant ral Mediation and Conciliation manian Diplomatic Institute, A Ethics in mediation in the US
catre participanti Service, Washington DC, S.U.A., word to participants and the Standard Conduct Rules
Dna. Cristina Chivulescu, pre- Etica in mediere in SUA si Stan- Mrs. Cristina Chivulescu, president for Mediators (2005) approved
sedinte Centrul de Mediere dardele de Conduita pentru of the Constanta Mediation Center, by the American Arbitration
Constanta, Prezentarea organi- Mediatori (2005) aprobate de Presentation of the organizer Me-
zatorului Centrul de Mediere Asociatia Americana de Arbitraj, diation Center from Constanta and Association, American Bar Asso-
Constanta si cuvant catre parti- Asociatia Barourilor Americane a word to the participants ciation and the Conflict Resoluti-
cipanti si Asociatia pentru Solutionarea Mrs. Camelia Gagu, president of on Association
Dna. Camelia Gagu, presedinte Conflictelor the Center of Professional Medi- Ceremony awarding the gradua-
Centrul Mediatorilor Profesio- Ceremonia de decernare a Cer- ators Bucharest, Presentation of tion certificates to the Romanian
nisti Bucuresti, Prezentarea orga- tificatelor de Absolvire catre the organizer Center of Profes- mediators attending the Course
nizatorului Centrul Mediatorilor mediatorii romani participanti sional Mediators from Bucharest on Advanced Techniques in Me-
Profesionisti Bucuresti si cuvant la Cursul de Tehnici Avansate and a word to the participants diation, organized by the Fede-
catre participanti in Mediere organizat de Fede- Mr. Ioan-Luca Vlad, lawyer and ral Mediation and Conciliation
Dl. Ioan-Luca Vlad, avocat si ral Mediation and Conciliation private advisor to the Royal Fa- Service and the Union of Medi-
consilier privat al Familei Regale Service si Uniunea Centrelor de mily of Romania, the mediator ation Centers in Romania
a Romaniei, Mediatorul liant Mediere din Romania social link
social Mrs. Elena Mitrea, senator, me- 13.15 14.15 Lunch break
Dna. Elena Mitrea, senator, me- diator, Mediation in politics 14.15 17.00
diator, Medierea in mediul po- 13.15 14.15 Pauza de pranz Mrs. Ana Maria Lucia Zaharia, Mrs. Alina Gorghiu, deputy,
litic 14.15 17.00 G.E.M.M.E. Romanian Section, mediator, Center of Mediator
Dna. Ana Maria Lucia Zaharia, Dna. Alina Gorghiu, deputat,
The courts role in mediation Lawyers Bucharest Mediation, a
G.E.M.M.E. Sectiunea Romana, mediator, Centrul Avocatilor procedure in national or cross life philosophy
Rolul instantelor in procedura Mediatori Bucuresti, Medierea, border litigations PhD Bogdan Ficeac, jurnalist,
medierii in litigiile nationale sau o filosofie de viata Mrs. Nadjet Karabernou, preBi- Romanian Diplomatic Institute,
transfrontaliere Dl. prof. drd. Bogdan Ficeac, jur- lateral Chamber of Commerce, Mediation, communication and
Dna. Nadjet Karabernou, prese- nalist, Institutul Diplomatic Ro- International mediation medi- human nature,
dinta Camerei de Comert Bilate- man, Medierea, comunicarea si ation in Africa Prof.. Nabarjoiu Neculae, Roma-
rale Romano-Algeriene, Medie- natura umana Mrs. Simona Valentina Malescu, nian Diplomatic Institute, Con-
rea internationala medierea in Dl. gen. prof. Nabarjoiu Neculae, Romanian Diplomatic Institute flict mediation through informa-
Africa Institutul Diplomatic Roman, Mrs. Adi Gavrila, Craiova Medi- tion management
Dna. Simona Valentina Malescu, Medierea conflictelor prin ma- ation Center, The identity of the Mrs. Gabriela Ichim, mediator,
Institutul Diplomatic Roman nagementul informatiilor mediator profession vice-president of U.C.M.R., pre-
Dl. Adi Gavrila, Centrul de Me- Dna. Gabriela Ichim, mediator, Mr. Vlad Rosca, mediator, Ex-
diere Craiova, Identitatea profe- vicepresedinte U.C.M.R., prese- perimental basis of the FMMM sident of the Bacau Mediation
siei de mediator dinte Centrul de Mediere Bacau, mediation method Center, Church and Mediati-
Dl. Vlad Rosca, mediator, Ba- Biserica si Medierea in sprijinul Mrs. Anca Simona Cinepa, on to the support of religious
zele experimentale ale metodei comunitatilor religioase U.N.M.R. Galati Branch, Trust communities
medierii FMMM Dna. Marina Ioana Alexandru, in mediator Mrs. Marina Ioana Alexandru,
Dna. Anca Simona Cinepa, presedinte Comisia Consultativa Mrs. Daniela Maria Sirbu, president of the Consultative
U.N.M.R. Filiala Galati, Incre- din cadrul Consiliului de Medi- U.N.M.R. Brasov Branch, Good Commission within the Mediati-
derea in mediator ere din Romania, Necesitatea practices in mediation on Council from Romania, The
Dna. Daniela Maria Sirbu, adoptarii unor practici unitare in Dl. Bogdan Stanescu, National need to adopt unitary practices
U.N.M.R. Filiala Brasov, Bune mediere in Romania Bank of Romania in mediation in Romania
practici in mediere Dna. Cristina Stihi, mediator, Mrs. Cristina Stihi, mediator,
Dl. Bogdan Stanescu, Banca Na- PR&Strategic Communication, 11,30 11,45 Coffee break PR&Strategic Communication,
12 tionala a Romaniei Conflictul naste caracter 11,45 13,15 Conflict creates character
11,30 11,45 Coffee break 17,00 Inchiderea lucrarilor Mrs. Eileen B. Hoffman, Com- 17,00 End of program

Un nou model de gestionare
a Conflictelor de Munc
Management cu intervenia
timpurie a unei tere pri
Intalnirea Agentiilor nationale Cardiff, Wales Septembrie, 2011
(partea a 2-a)
a. Rezolvarea provocarilor rajatoare
in domeniul asigurarilor de In acest context, FMCS a initiat
sanatate prin intermediul un nou model de interventie pro-
colaborarilor activa si de construire a relatiilor.
Beneficiile de pensii, siguranta lo-
cului de munca si costurile asistentei
medicale asigurate de angajator sunt
printre cele mai discutate probleme
din cadrul negocierilor din sectorul
public si privat.
Dupa recapitularea intregului sta-
diu al negocierilor colective in 2010,
a devenit clar faptul ca, costurile
in cazul asistentei medicale oferi-
te de angajator, erau singura si cea
mai persistenta cauza a disputelor
in cadrul negocierilor colective, in
randul intregii natiuni, indiferent
de industrie sau sector de fabricatie,
constructii, vanzari, divertisment,
tehnologie inalta, facilitati in dome-
niul sanatatii sau in sectorul public.
Schimbarile contractuale sau ale
planului, cerute printr-o noua si
controversata lege, Actul din 2010
asupra Protectiei pacientului si
ingrijirilor medicale suportabile ,
(Affordable Care Act), se adaugau
la ceea ce constituia deja un subiect
de conflict extrem de discutat (2).
Cadrul a fost astfel realizat pentru
un numar in crestere a conflictelor
majore ridicate de disputele asupra
costurilor de expediere, costurile de
izolare, gestionarea bolilor cronice,
prevenirea si bunastarea. Si, desigur,
aceste probleme nu au implicat doar
partea economica a asigurarilor de
sanatate, ci si subiectele incarcate
emotional a responsabilitatii per-
sonale, intimitatii, si schimbarii
comportamentale. De exemplu, noi
suntem constant avertizati ca in tara
noastra procentul persoanelor obe-
ze, in special al celor care muncesc,
se apropie de proportii epidemi-
ologice. Obezitatea a fost tot mai
des asociata cu boli ce ameninta
viata cum ar fi diabetul, hiperten-
siunea arteriala, si bolile de inima.
Intr-adevar, un raport al Centrului
de prevenire si controlare a boli-
lor, avertizeaza ca aproximativ 72,5
milioane de adulti din Statele Uni-
te sunt obezi, iar doar acest lucru
poate costa sistemul medica 145 de
miliarde de dolari anual (3). Meto-
dele de insanatosire inovative sau/
si programele de prevenire a bolilor
arata un mare potential de schimba-
re a acestor tendinte, insa schimba-
rile personale si din cadrul societatii,
necesare pentru larga raspandirea a
acestui comportament sunt descu-
Dupa consultarea cu experti in do-
meniul sanatatii in munca, furnizori
de servicii si profesionisti in realiza-
rea planurilor, a luat nastere un con-
sens amplu asupra a doi factori. In
primul rand negocierile asupra asi-
gurarilor de sanatate sunt prea com-
plicate si litigioase ca sa poata astep-
ta obisnuita perioada de 30-60 de
zile antemergatoare expirarii con-
tractului, atunci cand partile adesea
incep sa adreseze modificari con-
tractuale. In al doilea rand proble-
mele dificile si dureroase ale costu-
rilor de deplasare, costurile izolarii,
gestionarea bolilor si responsabi-
litatea personala pot fi adresate cu
succes doar daca partile au o relatie
si o procedura de luare a deciziilor
bazata pe incredere,transparenta si
un angajament de rezolvare comuna
a problemelor.
Aceste doua elemente cheie, am
invatat, ca au fost deja practicate si
au avut un succes notabil, in cazul
mai multor parteneri de negociere
colectiva. Aceste sindicate si compa-
nii au stabilit comisii comune si de
cooperare in cazul asigurarilor de
sanatate in munca, care se intalneau
regulat, intr-un cadru informal, cu
mult inainte de expirarea contracte-
lor. Ambele parti au demonstrat de
asemenea, prin comportamentul lor,
un angajament fundamental fata de
o relatie in care opiniile muncitori-
lor erau luate in seama si respectate,
schimbul de informatii era deschis
si liber, si un proces de colaborare in
rezolvarea problemelor a fost obser-
vat si onorat la cele mai inalte nivele
ale managementului sindicatului.
FMCS a ajuns la concluzia ca
aceste povesti de succes si bunele
practici ar trebui impartasite, cat de
mult se poate, cu comunitatea ma-
nagementului muncii. Am sponso-
rizat o serie de seminarii de trei zile,
cu titlul Lucrand Impreuna:Solutii in
managemetul muncii pentru provo-
carea asigurarilor de sanatate, spre
sfarsitul anului trecut, in Chicago,
New York si San Francisco. Semi-
narul a fost proiectat sa imprastie
vorba in randul lucratorilor, ca un
numar dintre colegii lor au creat
deja acest proces si au dezvoltat
relatiile necesare pentru a aduce
revizuiri anterioare si de neatins in
domeniul costurilor asigurarilor de
A NEw MODEL fOR MANAgINg
LAbOR MANAgEMENT cONfLIcTs
wITh EARLy ThIRD PARTy
INTERvENTION
International Agencies Meeting Cardiff, Wales September, 2011
(part 2)
A. Solving health care
benefit challenges through
labor-management col-
laboration
Pension benefits, job security,
and the costs of employer-pro-
vided health care remain among
the most contentious issues in
private and public sector negotia-
tions. After reviewing the overall
state of collective bargaining dur-
ing 2010, it became clear that the
costs of employer-provided health
care were the single most persis-
tent cause of collective bargaining
disputes throughout the nation,
irrespective of industry or sector
-manufacturing, construction,
retail, entertainment, high tech,
health care facilities or public sec-
tor. Contractual and plan changes
required by a comprehensive and
controversial new law, the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care
Act of 2010 (the Affordable Care
Act), added to what was already
an exceedingly conflict-ridden
subject of bargaining.2 The stage
was thus set for an increasing
number of major confrontations
arising out of disputes about cost
shifting, cost containment, chronic
disease management, prevention,
and wellness. And, of course, these
issues not only implicated the eco-
nomics of health care delivery, but
also the emotionally-charged sub-
jects of personal responsibility, pri-
vacy, and behavioral change. For
example, we are repeatedly warned
that in our country the percentage
of obese men and women, espe-
cially wage earners, is approaching
epidemic proportions. Obesity has
been increasingly associated with
such life-threatening illnesses as
diabetes, hypertension, and heart
disease. Indeed, a report of the
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention warns that an estimat-
ed 72.5 million adults in the U.S.
are obese and this fact alone may
cost the medical system as much
as $145 billion annually.3 Innova-
tive new wellness and/or disease
prevention programs show great
potential for reversing these trends,
but the personal and societal
changes needed for widespread be-
havioral change are daunting.
It was in this context that FMCS
initiated a new model of proac-
tive intervention and relationship
building. After conferring with
medierea, tehnic i art
labor and management health care
experts, service providers, and
plan design professionals, a broad
consensus emerged on two key fac-
tors. First, negotiations over health
care are simply too complicated
and contentious to wait until the
typical 30-60 days prior to contract
expiration when parties often be-
gin to address contract modifica-
tion. Second, the painfully difficult
issues of cost shifting, cost contain-
ment, disease management, well-
ness, and personal responsibility
can only be addressed successfully
if the parties have a relationship
and a process for decision-making
based on trust, transparency, and
a commitment to joint problem
solving.
These two key elements, we
learned, had already been prac-
ticed with noteworthy success by
a handful of collective bargain-
ing partners. These unions and
companies established joint labor-
management cooperative health
care committees which regularly
met in an informal setting far in
advance of contract expiration.
Both sides also demonstrated, by
their conduct, a fundamental com-
mitment to a relationship in which
the views of workers were valued
and respected, information was
freely and openly exchanged, and
a process for collaborative problem
solving was observed and honored
at the highest levels of manage-
ment and the union.
The FMCS concluded that these
success stories and best practices
should be shared to the maxi-
mum extent possible with the la-
bor management community. We
sponsored a series of three one-day
seminars, titled Working Together:
Labor-Management Solutions to
the Health Care Challenge, late last
year in Chicago, New York City
and San Francisco. The seminars
were designed to spread the word
to labor and management that a
number of their colleagues already
had created the processes and de-
veloped the relationships neces-
sary to bring about previously un-
attainable revisions in health care
costs and delivery. Hundreds of
attendees were exposed to remark-
able achievements grounded in
transparency, trust, and respectful
relationships. And, they learned 13
about FMCS programs and servic-
 medierea, tehnic i art
sanatate. Sute de cursanti au fost
expusi unor remarcabile realizari in
ceea ce priveste transparenta, incre-
derea si relatiile respectuoase. Si, au
invatat despre programele FMCS si
serviciile disponibile pentru a-i aju-
ta sa dobandeasca un succes similar.
Suntem optimisti ca acest model de
abordare proactiva si timpurie si de
construire a relatiilor vor ajuta co-
munitatea managementului muncii
sa faca fata provocarilor inerente
si continue din cadrul negocierilor
asupra beneficierii de asigurari de
sanatate asigurate de angajator.
B. Construirea relatiilor: un
bun de pret al industriei
otelului
Arcelor-Mittal si United Ste-
elworkers of America (USWA) au
furnizat un alt exemplu notabil al
modelului timpuriu FMCS, abor-
darea proactiva si interventia. Ar-
celor-Mittal este o corporatie inter-
nationala de profil inalt care este in
prezent singura si cea mai mare pro-
ducatore de otel din lume. In ultimii
zece ani, compania a dobandit sase
alte companii Americane bazate pe
Industria otelului, care erau in acel
moment concurente pe pietele na-
tionale si internationale ale otelului.
USWA era reprezentantul in cadrul
negocierilor de productie si asupra
pastrarii angajatilor pentru fiecare
dintre cele sase companii prede-
cesoare si a reusit sa dobandeasca
acest statut prin Arcelor. Atat Com-
pania cat si sindicatul au recunoscut
relatia extrem de disfunctionala si
14 competitionala ce a existat in pe-
rioada de la inceputul achizitiei de
catre Arcelor. In cele din urma, con-
ducatorii cei mai inalti ai Arcelor au
ajuns la concluzia ca situatia era ne-
favorabila productiei, nu era nevoie
de nimic altceva decat de o revolutie
culturala la fiecare nivel al organiza-
tiei pentru a rezolva acest lucru.
Ca rezultat, in Iulie 2009, si ca
element vital al unui acord de nego-
ciere colectiv cuprinzator, partile au
creat un parteneriat de munca cu un
program exceptional de ambitios;
pentru a imbunatati calitatea si efi-
cienta productiei; pentru a imbuna-
tati sanatatea si siguranta angajatilor
sai; pentru a le imbunatati calitatea
vietii in mediul in care lucreaza;
si, mai general, pentru a promova
implicarea angajatilor in rezolvarea
problemelor si pentru ca relatiile de
prietenie in cadrul organizatiei sa
avanseze.
Pentru a duce la indeplinire acest
obiectiv partile au apelat la FMCS
pentru asistenta. In plus, fata de
asigurarea sumelor de inceput prin
intermediul programelor de burse
in managementul muncii (4), oferi-
te de FMCS, mediatorii FMCS sunt
implicati activ intr-unul dintre cele
mai ample proiecte legate de mana-
gementul muncii din istoria noastra.
Coordonatorii parteneriatelor, alesi
de fiecare dintre parti, impreuna
cu mediatorii FMCS au condus la
o serie de intalniri cu comitetele
locale de management al muncii in
zece locatii in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Virginia
de Vest si Carolina de Sud toate
menite sa initieze managementul
muncii la nivelul uzinelor si sa le
prezinte reprezentantilor locali ai
es available to help them achieve
similar success. We are cautiously
optimistic that this model of early,
proactive outreach and relation-
ship building will help the labor-
management community meet the
continuing challenges inherent in
bargaining over employer-provid-
ed health care benefits.
B. Relationship building: a
major asset to the steel
industry
Arcelor-Mittal and the United
Steelworkers of America (USWA)
provide another noteworthy ex-
ample of the FMCS model of early,
proactive outreach and interven-
tion. Arcelor-Mittal is a high-
profile international corporation
that currently is the single largest
steel manufacturer in the world.
In the last decade, the company
acquired six U.S.-based steel com-
panies, which were then compet-
ing with each other in the national
and international steel markets.
The USWA was the bargaining
representative for production and
maintenance employees at each of
the six predecessor companies and
succeeded to that status with Arce-
lor. Both the company and union
have acknowledged the extremely
adversarial and dysfunctional re-
lationship that existed during the
early stages of Arcelors acquisi-
tion. Ultimately, Arcelors top lead-
ership concluded that the situation
was counter-productive and that
nothing less than a cultural revo-
lution at every level within its or-
ganization was necessary to fix it.
As a result, in July 2009, and as
a vital element of a comprehen-
sive collective bargaining agree-
ment, the parties created a labor-
management partnership with an
exceptionally ambitious agenda: to
improve product quality and pro-
duction efficiency; to improve the
health and safety of its employees;
to improve their quality of life in
their working environment; and,
more generally, to promote em-
ployee involvement in problem
solving and to advance company-
union relations throughout the or-
ganization.
To accomplish these expansive
goals, the parties turned to the
FMCS for assistance. In addition
to providing seed money through
the FMCSs labor-management
grants program,4 FMCS media-
tors are actively involved in one of
the most far-reaching labor-man-
agement projects in our history.
Partnership coordinators selected
by each party, together with FMCS
mediators, have conducted a series
of local labor-management com-
mittee meetings at ten individual
facilities in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Minnesota, Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, and South Carolinaall
designed to introduce plant-level
management and local union rep-
resentatives to the advantages of
conducting themselves in a joint,
problem-solving mode and to in-
troduce them to available FMCS
resources and services for solv-
ing day-to-day plant level issues.
The early signs of this undertak-
ing have been very positive and

sindicatelor avantajele de a se con-
duce singuri intr-un mod unit de
rezolvare a problemelor si sa ii in-
formeze cu privire la resursele si ser-
viciile oferite de FMCS in rezolvarea
problemelor de zi cu zi din uzine.
Semnele timpurii al acestui angaja-
ment au fost pozitive si sugereaza
puternic ca acest program va fi un
model pentru alte parti care doresc
crearea unor parteneriate proprii.
C. Avansarea realizarilor
studentilor prin interme-
diul colaborarii in manage-
mentul muncii
Pana in acest moment atentia
noastra a fost concentrata pe noul
model de interventie poactiva al
FMCS si pe dezvoltarea relatiilor in
sectorul privat.Exista o initiativa la
fel de importanta in sectorul public
care ofera un studiu de caz semnifi-
cativ si foarte instructiv in privinta
valorii construirii de relatii.
In Statele Unite, au fost trase
semnale de alarma in ceea ce pri-
veste calitatea educatiei publice
inca din momentul in care studiul
sponsorizat de guvern, din 1983, A
Nation at Risk (O Natiune in Pericol),
a declarat ca fundamentele educa-
tionale ale societatii Statelor Unite
sunt erodate in prezent de o alar-
manta crestere a mediocritatii care
ne ameninta viitorul ca Natiune si
popor.(5). Desi raportul a generat
un efort de zeci de ani de a reforma
educatia publica, realitatea aspra a
scolilor mediocre si a elevilor medi-
ocri persista.
Actualul Secretar al Educatiei
in Statele Unite, Arne Duncan, a
furnizat cea mai recenta si mai des-
curajatoare evaluare a educatiei pu-
blice din America: Aproape un sfert
dintre elevii de liceu renunta sau nu
reusesc sa absolveasca la timp (6).
Un raport din 2009, facut de liderii
militari americani in rezerva, cu
privire la recrutarea fortelor arma-
te arata ca mai mult de 20 % dintre
absolventii recenti de liceu nu s-au
putut inrola in armata pentru ca nu
stapaneau cunostintele necesare de
matematica, citire, stiinte si abilitati
de rezolvare a problemelor pentru a
promova Testul de Calificare in Ca-
drul Fortelor Armate (7). Realitatea
izbitoare este aceea ca in 2009 State-
le Unite se aflau pe locul 17 intre cele
65 de natiuni participante la OECD
Program for International Assess-
ment, pe baza rezultatelor unui test
international de citire, matematica,
si abilitati in stiinte, sustinut de co-
pii de 15 ani, la fiecare trei ani (8).
Ceea ce inseamna aceste statistici
descurajatoare, asa cum a declarat
Presedintele Obama, este faptul ca
cei care sunt mai educati decat noi
astazi, ne vor depasi maine (9).
Impotriva acestui fundal persis-
tent si descurajator, imbunatatirea
educatiei publice a devenit inca o
data o prioritate nationala. De data
aceasta dezbaterea a fost larg inca-
drata de catre critici, inarmati cu
rezultatele elevilor la testele stan-
dard, care afirma ca presupusa in-
competenta a profesorilor protejati
de sindicat ar fi cauza esecurilor stu-
dentilor. Atentia lor in momentul de
fata se concentreaza asupra a ceea
ce au dobandit sindicatele profeso-
rilor prin intermediul negocierilor
colective asupra protectiei locului
de munca si procedurilor de dis-
ponibilizare. Dupa spusele fostului
Cancelar al Scolilor din New York,
Joel Klein, un critic declarat al ace-
lor drepturi ale profesorilor, Eterna
sfanta treime din educatie postul
pe viata, vechimea si plata (urmata
de o pensie pe viata) incurajeaza
ramanerea in sistem mai degraba
decat sa faca un lucru bun. Va puteti
imagina ca, intr-un efort de a profe-
sionaliza invatamantul, asaltul aces-
tei structuri stabilite, disfunctionale,
sa fie unul viguros. (10).
Remediul pentru toate aces-
tea, expus de Kline si alti critici ce
gandesc la fel, este o reconstructie
sau o abolire completa a sistemului
de vechime al profesorilor si cel al
detinerii postului pe viata si imple-
mentarea sistemelor de evaluare a
profesorilor, bazate total sau partial
pe rezultatele elevilor. Deloc sur-
prinzator, profesorii si liderii lor de
sindicat au obiectat invinovatirii lor
pentru rezultatele slabe ale elevilor.
Ei sustin nu doar ideea ca vasta ma-
joritate a profesorilor isi fac treaba
satisfacator, dar si faptul ca o suita
de factori din afara salii de curs
au un impact substantial si direct
asupra performantelor elevilor, in-
clusiv diferentele socio-economice
si resursele inegale.
Mai mult decat atat, multi profesi-
onisti respectati ai comunitatii edu-
cationale au inteles pericolul real
in acordarea unui loc predominant
notelor la teste in evaluarea si com-
pensatiile profesorilor. Ei noteaza
faptul ca si daca rezultatele elevilor
devin un barometru in masurarea
performantei profesorilor va exista
stimulare suplimentara (in plus fata
de cea bugetara) de taiat din pro-
grama materii pentru care nu exista
teste standardizate dar care in mod
sigur sunt foarte importante pentru
o dezvoltare completa a elevului
materii cum ar fi poezia, arta si chiar
istoria (11). In plus nu este greu de
imaginat faptul ca profesorii vor ad-
opta mecanisme de apare impotriva
acestui gen de evaluari in regula,
fie asa, vom preda in functie de teste
in ciuda impactului negativ pe care
il va avea acest lucru asupra invatarii
propriu-zise. (12).
Implicarea FMCS in actualul
conflict asupra reformei in educa-
tie a fost declansata de o disputa de
proportii intre Scoala din Rhode Is-
land si sindicatul local al American
Federation of Teachers (AFT). In
Februarie 2010 Conducerea Central
medierea, tehnic i art
strongly suggest that this program bargained job protections and
will be a model for other parties lay-off procedures. In the words
contemplating the creation of their of former New York City Schools
own partnerships. Chancellor, Joel Klein, an outspo-
ken critic of those teacher rights,
C. Advancing student the long-standing holy trinity in
achievement through educationlife tenure, seniority,
labor-management col- and lock-step pay (followed by a
laboration lifetime pension)encourages
To this point, our focus has sticking around rather than doing
been on the FMCSs new model of well. You can expect that in an ef-
proactive early intervention and fort to truly professionalize teach-
relationship development in the ing, the assault on this established,
private sector. There is an equally dysfunctional structure will be vig-
important public sector initiative orous.10
which provides a significant and The cure-all remedy espoused
highly instructive case study of the by Klein and other like-minded
value of relationship building. critics is an overhaul or complete
In the United States, alarm bells abolition of teacher seniority and
have been ringing about the qual- tenure systems and the implemen-
ity of public education since a 1983 tation of teacher evaluation sys-
landmark government-sponsored tems based in whole or in part on
study, A Nation at Risk, declared student test scores. Not surprising-
that the educational foundations ly, teachers and their union leaders
of [U.S.] society are presently be- strongly object to being vilified for
ing eroded by a rising tide of me- all underachieving students. They
diocrity that threatens our very maintain that not only do the vast
future as a Nation and a people.5 majority of teachers perform sat-
Although the report generated a isfactorily, but also that a host of
multi-decade effort to reform pub- factors outside the classroom
lic education, the harsh realities of directly and substantially impact
underperforming schools and un- student achievement, including
derachieving students persist. socio-economic disparities and
The current U.S. Secretary of uneven resources.
Education, Arne Duncan, provid- Moreover, many respected pro-
ed the most recent discouraging fessionals in the education com-
assessment of public education in munity have underscored the very
America: fully one quarter of all real danger of according test scores
high school students drop out or a preeminent place in teacher eval-
fail to graduate on time.6 A 2009 uations and compensation. They
report by retired U.S. military note that if student test scores be-
leaders concerning armed forces come the be-all and end-all barom-
recruitment found that more than eter of teacher performance, there
20% of recent high school gradu- will be a further incentive (in addi-
ates were unable to enlist in the tion to budgetary) to cut from cur-
military because they did not pos- ricula subjects for which there are
sess the necessary math, reading, no standardized tests but which
science and problem-solving skills assuredly are critical to the devel-
to pass the Armed Forces Quali- opment of a well-rounded student
fications Test.7 The stark reality subjects like poetry, art and even
is that in 2009 the United States history.11 In addition, it is not
ranked 17th among the 65 nations hard to imagine teachers adapting
participating in the (OECD) Pro- practical defense mechanisms to
gram for International Assessment, such evaluations okay, so be it,
based on the results of an interna- we will teach to the test despite the
tional sampling of reading, math negative impact this will have on
and science skills among 15-year- genuine learning.12
olds conducted every three years.8 The FMCSs involvement in the
What these discouraging statistics current conflict over education
mean, in the apt words of Presi- reform was triggered by a high-
dent Obama, is that whoever out- profile dispute between a Rhode Is-
educates us today is going to out- land school district and its Ameri-
compete us tomorrow.9 can Federation of Teachers (AFT)
It is against this persistent and local union. In February, 2010,
dispiriting background that im- the Superintendent of the Central
proving public education has once Falls School District notified all 89
again become a national prior- AFT-represented teachers that they
ity. This time, however, the debate would be dismissed at the end of
has largely been framed by critics, the school year and forced to reap-
armed with standardized student ply for their positions because of
test scores, who single out alleg- poor student performance, even
edly incompetent, union-protected though not one of these teach-
teachers, as the primary cause of ers had received an unsatisfac-
student failure. Their current fo- tory evaluation. This dramatic act
cus is on what teacher unions have sparked national media attention 15
achieved through their collectively and strong reactions, including an
 medierea, tehnic i art
Falls School District a anuntat toti eficient in ceea ce a fost odata un
cei 89 de profesori reprezentati de paragraf al sistemului scolar din
AFT ca vor fi eliberati din functie Florida, cel care a dus la imbuna-
la sfarsitul anului scolar si fortati sa tatiri considerabile in ceea ce pri-
concureze din nou pentru functiile veste performantele elevilor. Rata
lor, din cauza rezultatelor slabe ale anterioara a promovabilitaii in sco-
elevilor, chiar daca niciunul dintre lile publice din Charlotte County a
acest profesori nu a primit o evalu- crescut de la 68 % la 85 % anul tre-
are nesatisfacatoare. Aceasta masura cut. Rezultatele Testelor avansate de
a atras atentia mass-media si a de- plasare au crescut de la locul 12 in
clansat reactii puternice si inclusiv Florida in 2004 la primul loc in stat
un process intentat de AFT pentru conform rezultatelor recente. La fel
incetarea imediata a concedierilor. de impresionant, punctajele la tes-
Potrivit noului nostru model pro- tele scolare de aptitudini in ceea ce
activ, FMCS a oferit ajutor oficiali- priveste cititul au aratat o crestere
lor AFT si Departamentului De Stat cu 21% din 2004. (14)
pentru Educatie din Rhode Island. Inarmata cu aceste rezultate aca-
Acele ultime contacte informale au demice si cu dovezi clare, FMCS
avut succes in producerea unei ce- pune inca o data in practica mode-
reri formale, comune, de asistenta in lul sau proactiv timpuriu. Am aran-
Mediere. In decursul urmatoarelor jat discutii la nivel inalt cu oficiali ai
60 de zile, acele persoane, impreuna Departamentului Educatiei in ca-
cu Directorul, au explorat o paleta drul carora am oferit medierea, fa-
de posibile solutii in timp ce media- cilitarea si asistenta in formarea re-
torul desemnat de noi s-a intalnit in latiilor la fiecare nivel al procesului
mod regulat cu partile. Am fost cu de reforma in educatie. Accidental,
totii extrem de bucurosi atunci cand acele discutii au reglat intiativa Se-
medierea a avut succes in realiza- cretarului Duncan de a avansa per-
rea obiectivului de a atinge nevoile formantele elevilor prin intermediu
educationale ale elevilor in timp ce colaborarii in managementul mun-
a fost evitata initiativa extrem de cii. FMCS a fost onorata de cererea
inflamabila a concedierilor in masa. secretarului de a fi partenera cu
In urma rezolvarii disputei din Departamentul pentru Educatie, cu
Rhode Island, FMCS a inceput o cele doua sindicate majore ale pro-
intensa recapitulare a eforturilor fesorilor, AFT si National Education
anterioare de reformare si a strategi- Association (NEA) si cu organizati-
ilor de bune practici care au produs ile ce reprezinta administratorii de
reforme diseminate. Intr-un studiu scoli, consiliile scolare, si sisteme
intens laudat, de exemplu, autorii au majore din scolile urbane (Ameri-
examinat sase scoli de stat cu rezul- can Association of School Admi-
tate exemplare in cadrul reformelor nistrators, National School Boards
inovative. In fiecare dintre cazuri Association si Council of the Great
studiul a aratat ca era un parteneri- City Schools) (15).
at puternic intre scoala si sindicatul Pentru a lansa initiativa Secreta-
profesorilor care au imbunatatit rului, partenerii au fost de acord sa
performantele elevilor si calitatea co-sponsorizeze o Conferinta ma-
per-total a scolilor. (13). jora in Denver ,Colorado pe 15-16
Experienta dobandita in urma Februarie 2011, numita Advancing
programului de burse al FMCS a Student Achievement through La-
furnizat mai multe perspective. In bor-Management Collaboration.
2008, confruntandu-se cu criza fi- (16) Secretarul Duncan a stabilit
naciara, refuzand inscrierea elevilor, tema acestui efort vizionar de refor-
cererea publica de imbunatatire a mare a sistemului nostru de invata-
performantelor, valorile scazute mant public atunci cand a anuntat
ale proprietatilor si un numar de ca Am vazut ce conditii bune pot
elevi in scadere, scoala publica din crea relatiile in Mangementul mun-
Charlotte County (Florida) a fost cii pentru a conduce succesul elevi-
implicata in negocierea litigioasa a lor asa ca vrem sa aducem impreuna
contractelor de munca ale profeso- liderii din munca si management, li-
rilor cu sindicatul acestora. Din feri- deri care sunt devotati colaborarii si
cire medierea si sprijinul in formare reformelor indraznete. A continuat
acordat de FMCS in anii precedenti, pentru a accentua faptul ca sindi-
inclusiv bursa FMCS acordata pen- catele districtelor si ale profesorilor
tru finantarea stabilirii unui consiliu trebuie sa faureasca noi intelegeri
al managementului muncii, Consi- intelegeri in care toate partile isi
liul Director al Scolii din Charlot- recunosc responsabilitatile comune
te, Asociatia pentru Educatie din de a stabili un mediu de invatare
Charlotte Florida si Asociatia pen- puternic si stabil, si vor da educato-
tru Sprijinul Personalului Charlotte rilor resurse si instrumente pentru a
County au dezvoltat un parteneriat transforma scolile astfel incat elevii
extrem de eficient. Prin stabilirea sa aiba sansa reala de a obtine o edu-
acestei relatii productive cu ajutorul catie de calitate (17).
unui mediator FMCS, partile au re- La Conferinta au luat parte 150 de
zolvat cu succes provocarile negoci- districte scolare (reprezentand zona
16 erilor din 2008. urbana, suburbana si zone rurale de
Notabil, a fost acest parteneriat marimi si pozitii geografice diferi-
AFT lawsuit for immediate injunc- lic Schools has increased from
tive relief. 68 percent to 85 percent last year.
Consistent with our new pro- Advanced Placement Test scores
active model, FMCS reached out rose from 12th in Florida in 2004
to top officials from the AFT, the to first place in the state in recent
Department of Education, and the results. Equally impressive, Scho-
Rhode Island State Department lastic Aptitude Test scores in read-
of Education. Those behind-the- ing, math and writing for Charlotte
scenes contacts ultimately suc- County students have shown a 21
ceeded in producing a joint formal percent increase since 2004.14
request for mediator assistance. Armed with this academic re-
Over the course of the next 60 days, search and empirical evidence,
those individuals, in conjunction FMCS once again put its early
with the Director, explored an ar- proactive outreach model into ac-
ray of possible solutions while our tion. We arranged for discussions
assigned senior mediator met reg- with high-level Department of
ularly with the parties. We were all Education officials in which we of-
extremely gratified when the me- fered mediation, facilitation, and
diation succeeded in achieving the relationship training assistance at
goal of accommodating the educa- every level of the education reform
tional needs of the students while process. Fortuitously, those discus-
avoiding the highly inflammatory, sions dovetailed with Secretary
legally suspect mass dismissal ini- Duncans initiative to advance stu-
tiative. dent achievement through labor-
Following the resolution of the management collaboration. The
Rhode Island dispute, FMCS be- FMCS was honored to be asked
gan an intensive review of previ- by the Secretary to partner with
ous school reform efforts and the the Department of Education, the
strategies and best practices that two major teachers unions, AFT
produced meaningful reforms. In and the National Education Asso-
one highly acclaimed study, for ciation (NEA), and the organiza-
example, the authors examined six tions representing school admin-
school districts with exemplary istrators, school boards, and major
track records of innovative reform. urban school systems (American
In each case, the study revealed Association of School Administra-
that it was a strong partnership tors, the National School Boards
between the school district and its Association and the Council of the
teachers union that demonstra- Great City Schools).15 To launch
tively improved student perfor- the Secretarys initiative, the part-
mance and the overall quality of ners agreed to co-sponsor a major
the schools.13 Conference in Denver, Colorado
Experience acquired from the on February 15-16, 2011, called
FMCS grant program provided Advancing Student Achievement
further insights. In 2008, faced through Labor-Management Col-
with a financial crisis, declining laboration.16
student enrollment, public de- Secretary Duncan set the theme
mand for performance improve- for this visionary effort to reform
ments, decreased property val- our public school systems when he
ues and a diminishing student announced that [w]e have seen
population, the Charlotte County how good LM relations can create
(Florida) school district was em- the conditions that drive student
broiled in contentious contract ne- success so we want to bring to-
gotiations with its teacher unions. gether leaders in labor and man-
Fortunately, with mediation and agement who are committed to
training support from FMCS in collaboration and bold reforms.
previous years, including an FMCS He went on to stress that [d]is-
grant to fund the establishment of tricts and teachers unions must
a labor-management council, the forge new compactscompacts
Charlotte County School Board, in which [all the parties] acknowl-
Charlotte Florida Education Asso- edge their shared responsibility to
ciation, and the Charlotte County establish a strong and stable school
Support Personnel Association environment, and give educators
had developed a highly effective resources and tools to transform
partnership. Re-establishing this all schools so that all students re-
productive relationship with the ceive a genuine opportunity to ob-
renewed help of an assigned FMCS tain a high quality education.17
mediator, the parties then success- The conference was attended by
fully worked through the challeng- 150 school districts (representing
es of their 2008 negotiation. urban, suburban, and rural areas
Notably, it was this effective of varying sizes and geographical
partnership in what once had been locations) that applied to and were
a subpar Florida school system that accepted by the Department of
brought about marked improve- Education only if the superinten-
ments in student performance. dent, together with the local union
The previously dismal graduation president and school board chair-
rate in the Charlotte County Pub- man agreed to attend as a team and

te) care au aplicat si au fost accep- lity for the Twenty-first Century: A
tate de Departamentul de Educatie Collaborative Effort of the American
doar daca Directorul, impreuna cu Association of School Administrators
presedintele uniunii locale si prese- and the American Federation of Tea-
dintele consiliului profesoral erau chers (AFT-AASA Framework).(18)
de acord sa ia parte ca si o echipa si Cadrul oferit de AFT-AASA evi-
depuneau un juramant, in scris, de dentiaza principalul prag pe care
a avansa performantele elevilor prin partile il considera critic in reforma-
intermediul intelegerilor de negoci- rea sistemului nostru actual de edu-
ere colectiva orientate spre reforma. catie in special sprijinul si dezvol-
Punctul cheie al conferintei a fost tarea fortei de munca a educatorului.
furnizat de catre reprezentantii a 13 Ca un prim pas concret trebuie sa
scoli alese si de catre sindicatele lor recrutam ,sa dezvoltam sistematic
locale care au impartasit detalii de si sa pastram buni educatori am
bune practici in rezolvarea comuna adoptat un cadru pentru continua
a problemelor dintr-o serie de pro- imbunatatire a fortei de educare
bleme de baza ale reformei. a natiunii, intretinerea dezvoltarii
Dupa Conferinta de la Denver, profesorilor si a sistemelor de eva-
FMCS a avut privilegiul de a facili- luare, si asigurare pentru profesori
ta un efort dintre AFT si American si scoli a uneltelor necesare (19)
Association of School Administra- Largimea cadrului AFT-AASA da
tors (AASA) indreptat spre asigura- sperante ca, colaborarile in manage-
rea pentru circumscriptiile respec- mentul muncii in cadrul scolilor din
tive a unui cadru de munca asupra intreaga tara, vor deveni modelul
caruia sa se inteleaga pentru imple- care va da nastere unor reforme du-
mentarea reformelor de baza din rabile si pozitive a educatiei publice.
educatie. FMCS a facilitat o serie In timp ce mai ramane multa mun-
de intalniri comune, la care au luat ca de facut, FMCS a mentionat clar
parte liderii de top ai organizatiilor, faptul ca facand parte din modelul
lucru care a rezultat intr-un docu- sau timpuriu de interventie proactiv,
ment inovator si cuprinzator, de 25 vom fi in postura de a suporta aceste
de pagini, numit Educator Qua- eforturi de reformare.
(2) Pub.L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 penalitati pentru angajatorii privati care nu
(2010), modificat de actul din 2010 Health platesc asigurari de sanatate; si (5)expansi-
Care and Education Reconciliation Act unea eligibilitatii si subventionarii Medicaid.
amended by Health Care and Education Florida v. U.S. Dept of Health and Human
Reconciliation Act, Pub.L. No. 111-152, 124 Services, Nos. 11-11021,11-11067, _ F.3d _,
Stat. 1029 (2010). The Affordable Care Act 2011 WL 3519178, * at 10 (11th Cir. Aug. 12,
cauta sa reduca numarul americanilor fara 2011). Pana acum doua tribunale ale Curtii
asigurare de sanatate in primul rand prin de Apel a Statelor Unite au dezaprobat consti-
modificarea furnizarii serviciilor medicale tutionalitatea ordinului individual. Id. (indi-
private si a asigurarilor. Cele cinci reforme vidualmandate is unconstitutional); Thomas
majore ale Actului sunt: (1) reglementarea More Law Center v. Obama, No. 10-2388,
practicilor asiguratorilor privati inclusiv asi- _F.3d _, 2011 WL 2556039 (6th Cir. June 29,
gurarea garantata de acoperire a costurilor 2011)(ordinal individual este partial consti-
pachetelor minime de beneficii; (2)mize de tutional conform Clauzei Comertului dar
asigurare conduse de catre stat, Health Be- nu si conform Puterii de Taxare). Din cauza
nefit Exchanges, pentru o anumita categorie acestei divideri a problemei, unii cred ca este
de cumparatori; (3)un ordin guvernamen- posibil ca, Curtea Suprema a Statelor Unite sa
tal prin care toti indivizii sun obligati fie sa revizuiasca problema curand. Michael Coo-
achizitioneze si sa mentina plata asigurarilor per, Health Law is Dealt Blow by a Court on
de sanatate, in caz contar sunt amendati; (4) Mandate, N.Y. Times, Aug. 13, 2011, at A11.
medierea, tehnic i art
pledged, in writing, to advancing American Federation of Teachers
student achievement through ne- (AFT-AASA Framework).18
gotiating reform-oriented collec- The AFT-AASA Framework pin-
tive bargaining agreements. The pointed the threshold principle the
highlight of that conference was parties deemed critical to reform-
provided by representatives of 13 ing our current educational system
selected school districts and their namely, the support and develop-
local unions who shared the details ment of the educator workforce.
of their best practices in joint As a first concrete step we need to
problem solving on a host of core systemically recruit, develop and
reform issues. retain great educators [we] have
Following the Denver confer- adopted a framework to continu-
ence, FMCS had the distinct privi- ously improve the nations teaching
lege of facilitating a pioneering force, revamp teacher develop-
effort between the AFT and the ment and evaluations systems, and
American Association of School provide teachers and schools the
Administrators (AASA) aimed at tools and support they need.19
providing their respective con- The sheer breadth of the AFT
stituencies an agreed-upon gen- AASA Framework provides hope
eral framework for addressing core that labor-management collabora-
education reform issues. FMCS tion in school districts throughout
facilitated a series of joint meet- the country will become the model
ings, attended by the organizations that finally will engender positive
top leadership, that resulted in a and long lasting public education
groundbreaking and comprehen- reform. While much work remains
sive 25-page document captioned to be done, the FMCS has made
Educator Quality for the Twenty- clear that, as part of its proactive,
first Century: A Collaborative Ef- early outreach and intervention
fort of the American Association model, we will be poised to sup-
of School Administrators and the port these reform efforts.
2 Pub.L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 and Human Services, Nos. 11-11021, 11-
(2010), amended by Health Care and Edu- 11067, _ F.3d _, 2011 WL 3519178, * at 10
cation Reconciliation Act of 2010, Pub.L. (11th Cir. Aug. 12, 2011). So far, two circuit
No. 111-152, 124 Stat. 1029 (2010). The courts of the U.S. Court of Appeals have
Affordable Care Act seeks to reduce the disagreed as to the constitutionality of the
number of Americans without healthcare individual mandate. Id. (individual man-
coverage, mostly by altering the provision date is unconstitutional); Thomas More
of private health care delivery and health Law Center v. Obama, No. 10-2388, _F.3d
insurance. The Acts five major reforms _, 2011 WL 2556039 (6th Cir. June 29, 2011)
are: (1) the regulation of private insurers (individual mandate is facially constitution-
underwriting practices including guar- al under Commerce Clause, but not under
anteed insurance of coverage and a mini- the Taxing Power). Because of the circuit
mum package of benefits; (2) creation of split on this issue, some consider it likely
state-run insurance pools, Health Benefit that the United States Supreme Court will
Exchanges, for certain classes of purchas- grant certiorari and review the issue soon.
ers; (3) a government mandate that all indi- Michael Cooper, Health Law is Dealt Blow
viduals must either purchase and maintain by a Court on Mandate, N.Y. Times, Aug.
insurance coverage or pay fines; (4) penal- 13, 2011, at A11.
ties on private employers who do not offer 3 National Center for Chronic Disease
their employees health coverage; and (5) Prevention and Health Promotion, Center
the expansion of Medicaid eligibility and for Disease Control, At a Glance: Obesity 17
subsidies. Florida v. U.S. Dept of Health Halting the Epidemic by Making Health
 medierea, tehnic i art

(3) National Center for Chronic Disease tamentul pentru Educatie si cu sindicatele Easier (2011). to advance student achievement through
Prevention and Health Promotion, Center for profesorilor. Prin urmare, FMCS a produs 4 Congress recognized the desirabil- more cooperative labor-management rela-
Disease Control, At a Glance: Obesity Halting un set de bune practici pentru a creste re- ity of joint labor-management cooperative tionships. Among the core issues identified
the Epidemic by Making Health Easier (2011). zultatele elevilor cu ajutorul unor relatii de ventures years ago when it passed the La- by FMCS mediators were: the need to es-
(4) Congresul a recunoscut ca este de do- cooperare in managemetul muncii. Printre bor Management Cooperation Act of 1978. tablish objective, fair, and rigorous teacher
rit o cooperare unita intre cei ce se ocupa de problemele de baza identificate de mediato- Pub.L. No. 95-524, 92 Stat. 1909 (1978).It evaluation processes designed to identify
managementul muncii inca de acum cativa rii FMCS au fost: nevoia de stabilirea a unor authorizes and directs the FMCS to encour- and remedy individual teacher deficiencies;
ani cand a adoptat Labor Management Coo- obiective, corectitudinea, si procesul riguros age and support joint labor-management tutoring of underachieving students after
peration Act of 1978. Pub.L. No. 95-524, 92 de evaluare a profesorilor destinat sa identifi- committees . . . established for the purpose school hours and the related compensation
Stat. 1909 (1978). Acesta autorizeaza si indru- ce si sa remedieze deficiente individuale ale of improving labor management relation- issues; exploring the possibility of extend-
ma FMCS sa incurajeze si sa sprijine comite- profesorilor; meditarea elevilor cu rezultate ships, job security, organizational effective- ing the length of the school day and/or the
tele de management al muncii stabilite cu slabe dupa orele de curs si problemele com- ness, enhancing economic development or length of the school calendar and its atten-
scopul de a imbunatati relatiile in manage- pensatorii aferente; explorarea posibilitatii de involving workers in decisions affecting dant cost implications; the relationship, if
mentul muncii, securitatea locului de munca, extindere a timpului petrecut la scoala sau/si their jobs including improving communi- any, between student test scores and teacher
eficienta organizationala, facilitarea dezvol- durata anului scolar si implicatiile economice cation with respect to subjects of mutual evaluations and/or compensation; the merit
tarii economice si a implicarii lucratorilor in aferente; relatia, daca exista, intre rezultatele interest and concern. Id. at 6(c)(2)(B). pay issue; and the relationship between pro-
deciziile ce le afecteaza munca si inclusiv in de la teste ale elevilor si evaluarea si/sau com- Congress funds this initiative in the FMCSs viding high-quality education and teacher
imbunatatirea comunicarii respectuoase in pensatiile profesorilor; si relatia dintre oferi- annual appropriations, and grants are dis- tenure and seniority rights.
cadrul subiectelor de interes comun. Id. at rea unei educatii de calitate si drepturile de tributed to encourage labor-management 17 Statement of Purpose, Labor-Man-
6(c)(2)(B).Congresul finanteaza aceasta initi- vechime si pastrare a postului pe viata. committees to develop innovative joint agement Collaboration Conference, U.S.
ativa a FMCS de acordarea de credite si burse (17) Statement of Purpose, Labor-Ma- approaches to workplace problems. In FY Department of Education, Denver, Colo-
ce sunt distribuite pentru a incuraja dezvol- nagement Collaboration Conference, U.S. 2010 and 2011, the FMCS awarded 10 new rado, February 15, 2011.
tarea abordarilor comune a problemelor la Department of Education,Denver, Colorado, competitive grants at a cost of $750,000 an- 18 Available at http://www.aft.org/pdfs/
locul de munca de catre comitetele de mana- February 15, 2011. nually. These grants are supporting labor- teachers/AFTAASA062811.pdf. A list of
gement al muncii .In FY 2010 SI 2011, FMCS (18) Disponibila la http://www.aft.org/ management committees tackling a wide what is envisioned by this agreed-upon
a acordat burse in valoare de $750,000, anual. pdfs/teachers/AFTAASA062811.pdf.O lista variety of important issues concerning, for framework offers an insight into the chal-
Aceste burse sustin comisiile de management a ceea ce prevede un cadru asupra carui s-a example, health care, job safety, work-life lenges that lie ahead for the thousands of
al muncii in abordarea unei mari varietati de cazut de acord ofera o idee asupra provoca- balance, and the flexibility needed to pur- our school districts and their leaders: (1)
probleme ce privesc, spre exemplu asigura- rilor care cu care se pot confrunta mii dintre sue new worthwhile business opportunities establishing professional teaching stand-
rile de sanatate, siguranta locului de munca, scolile noastre, districtele si liderii lor: (1) such as green jobs. ards; (2) creating a fair, objective, and com-
echilibrul dintre viata si munca, si flexibilita- stabilirea standardelor profesionale de pre- 5 National Commission on Excellence in prehensive system for evaluating teacher
tea necesara pentru a dezvolta posibilitati de dare; (2) crearea unui sistem corect, obiectiv Education, A Nation at Risk: The Impera- performance that accords due process; (3)
afaceri cum ar fi green jobs. si cuprinzator de evaluare a performantelor tive for Educational Reform, at 9. a procedure that includes regular observa-
(5) Comisia Nationala pentru Excelenta profesorilor care este in acord cu procesul; 6 Thomas L. Friedman, Teaching for tions of teachers by administrators and
in Educatie , A Nation at Risk: The Impera- (3) o procedura care include observarea re- America, NY Times, November 21, 2010. other qualified persons (master teachers,
tive for Educational Reform, at 9. gulata a profesorilor de catre administrator 7 The Education Trust, Shut Out of the for example); (4) identifying specific teach-
(6) Thomas L. Friedman, Teaching for sau alte persoane calificate (profesori la mas- Military (Washington, D.C., December 20, er deficiencies and promptly advising the
America, NY Times, November 21, 2010. ter, de exemplu);(4)Identificarea deficientelor 2010). teacher of them, both orally and in writing;
(7) The Education Trust, Shut Out of the Mi- specifice si sfatuirea prompta a profesorului 8. Organization for Economic Coopera- (5) an improvement team (preferably peer
litary (Washington, D.C., December 20, 2010). in legatura cu acestea, atat oral cat si in scris; tion and Development, Program for Inter- instructional experts) reviews the evalua-
(8) Organization for Economic Coopera- (5) o echipa pentru imbunatatire (de preferat national Student Assessment (2009). tion and conducts its own observations to
tion and Development, Program for Interna- o pereche de experti in instruire) analizeaza 9 President Barack Obama, transcript confirm the unsatisfactory performance.
tional Student Assessment (2009). evaluarea si conduc o serie de observatii pen- of remarks at an event for Senator Barbara A program for improving the teacher per-
(9) Presedintele Barack Obama, transcrie- tru a confirma performanta nesatisfacatoare. Boxer, Los Angeles, CA, the White House, formancethe improvement plan is
rea remarcilorde la un eveniment pentru Se- Un program pentru imbunatatirea perfor- October 22, 2010. established after input from the teacher,
natorul Barbara Boxer, Los Angeles, CA, the mantelor profesorilor--planul de imbunan- 10 Joel I. Klein, The New Reformers, the evaluator, and the improvement team;
White House, October 22, 2010. tire--este stabilit dupa adunarea observatiilor The New York Times, June 12, 2011 (6) the improvement plan provides clearly
(10) Joel I. Klein, The New Reformers, de la professor, evaluator si echipa de imbu- 11 Carol Burris and Kevin Weiner, Five articulated measures of success, neces-
The New York Times, June 12, 2011 natatire; (6)planul de imbunatatire prevede Reasons Parents Should Oppose Evaluating sary timelines, and resources and support
(11) Carol Burris si Kevin Weiner, Five masuri clare si articulate pentru dobandirea Teachers on Test Scores, The Answer Sheet, to meet the teachers particular needs. All
Reasons Parents Should Oppose Evaluating succesului; timpul necesar, resursele si spri- The Washington Post online, June 5, 2011. parties should sign off on the plan; (7)
Teachers on Test Scores, The Answer Sheet, jinul pentru a intruni nevoile profesorului. 12 Ibid. follow-up observations are conducted to
The Washington Post online, 5 Iunie , 2011. Toate partile trebuie sa fie de acord cu acest 13 American Rights at Work, Partner- assess whether the teacher has progressed
(12) Ibid. plan; (7) observatiile ulterioare sunt conduse ships in Education: How Labor-Manage- consistent with the improvement plan, in-
(13) American Rights at Work, Partners- pentru a determina daca profesorul a evoluat ment Collaboration Is Transforming Public cluding regular and timely feedback to the
hips in Education: How Labor-Management consistent, odata cu planul de imbunatatire; Schools (2011). teacher; (8) no improvement plan should
Collaboration Is Transforming Public Scho- (8)niciun plan de imbunatatire nu ar trebui 14 Charlotte County Public Schools, continue for more than the equivalent of
ols (2011). sa continue mai mult decat timpul echiva- Collaborating for Student Success (2011). one school year; (9) at the conclusion of
(14) Charlotte County Public Schools, lent unui an scolar; (9) la incheierea acestei 15 The American Association of School that period, the administrator makes a rec-
Collaborating for Student Success (2011). perioade administratorul face recomandari Administrators has a membership of 13,000 ommendation to the school district which
(15) The American Association of School scolii ce vor fi analizate de o terta parte, ne- educational leaders from the United States is to be reviewed by a neutral third party
Administrators are 13,000 de lideri educati- utra (ex:comisia de management comun al and around the world; the National School (e.g., joint labor-management committee).
onali din Statele Unite si din intreaga lume; muncii). Standardul analizelor este acela de Boards Association represents its State As- The standard of review is whether the dis-
The National School Boards Association isi a stabili daca districtul a respectat intregul sociation members and their more than trict complied with the entire agreed upon
reprezinta reprezinta membrii Asociatiilor proces de evalure asupra caraora s-a cazut de 90,000 local school board members; the evaluation process described above.
din fiecare stat si cei peste 90,000 de mem- acord, dupa cum a fost descris mai sus. Council of Great City Schools is a coalition 19 AFT and AASA, Groundbreaking
bri ai consiliilor scolare; Council of Great (19) AFT and AASA, Groundbreaking of 66 of the largest urban public school sys- Partnership Will Revamp Teacher Work-
CitySchools este o coalitie a 66 dintre cele Partnership Will Revamp Teacher Workfor- tems in the United States. force, June 29, 2010, available at: http://www.
mei mari scoli urbane din sistemul public ce, 29 Iunie 2010, disponibil la : http://www. 16 In advance of the Denver conference, aft.org/newspubs/press/2011/062911.cfm. 
din Statele Unite aft.org/newspubs/press/2011/062911.cfm. FMCS senior managers and mediators with
(16) Inaintea Conferintei de la Denver, experience in public school bargaining held To be continued
Senior Managerii FMCS si mediatorii cu Continuarea in numarul urmator a brainstorming session in which they
experienta in negocierile din invatamantul shared the Agencys real world perspective George Cohen
public au avut o sesiune de notare a ideilor George Cohen with officials from the Department of Edu- Director Federal Mediation
18 in care au impartasit adevarata perspectiva Director Serviciul Federal De Me- cation and the teacher unions. Thereafter, and Conciliation Service
asupra lumii a Agentiei cu oficiali din Depar- diere si Conciliere Washington, DC the FMCS produced a set of best practices Washington, DC

Medierea, comunicarea
i natura uman
Prezentare sustinuta in cadrul conferintei Medierea aproape de tine
organizata de Uniunea Centrelor de Mediere din Romania, partener al Fe-
deral Mediation and Conciliation Service U.S.A., impreuna cu Institutul
Diplomatic Roman, Bucuresti, 4 decembrie 2011
n esen, medierea poate fi pri-
vit drept arta de a deschide un
canal de comunicare interper-
sonal ntre prile aflate n conflict
pentru a obine soluii de tip win-
win. Pentru succesul unui astfel de
proces, mediatorul trebuie s fie n
primul rnd un perfect comunica-
tor, rolul su fiind att cel de creator
al respectivului canal de comunica-
re, ct i de principal suport i ad-
ministrator al acestuia, pe deplin
ncreztor n faptul c, indiferent
de cauzele conflictelor, acestea pot
fi rezolvate prin comunicare. Rolul
crucial al comunicrii merit a fi
evideniat n cadrul unei perspec-
tive etologice asupra naturii umane.
Comunicarea, n cazul speciei
umane, este un nou i unic princi-
piu evolutiv. Dac n cazul tuturor
celorlalte specii de animale, infor-
maia caracteristic comportamen-
tului speciei este codat n genom
i transmis de la o generaie la
alta preponderent pe cale genetic,
doar anumite abiliti fiind nv-
ate pe parcurul vieii individului
(spre exemplu, vntoarea la ani-
malele de prad), n cazul omului,
o fiin prin excelen social, in-
formaia privind comportamentul
speciei este codat preponderent
n creier, la nivelul neocortexului,
dar i, dup inventarea scrisului,
n biblioteci, mai nou n memoria
computerelor, fiind transmis de
la o generaie la alta prin comuni-
care, n procesul de nvare soci-
al. Doar caracteristicile biologice
vor fi transmise prin intermediul
genelor. Diferena esenial dintre
om i restul animalelor superioare
este relevat de cazurile rare dar tot
att de bizare ale copiilor slbatici,
crescui de la cea mai fraged vr-
st de animale sau n total izolare.
Dac un pui de cine este crescut de
orice alt animal, fr a fi vreodat n
contact cu alt cine, el va avea com-
portamentul caracteristic speciei
sale, pentru c acesta este transmis
pe cale genetic. Dac un copil, de
la cea mai fraged vrst, este cres-
cut de un animal, fr a avea con-
tact cu alt fiin uman, el se va
comporta aidoma animalului care
l-a crescut, nicidecum ca un om,
i, dac revine n rndul oamenilor
dup perioada de formare a perso-
nalitii modale (care se ncheie n
jurul vrstei de 11-12 ani), nici nu
va mai putea fi vreodat reinserat n
societate. Va rmne o fiin stranie,
caracterizat doar de nevoi elemen-
tare, incapabil s nvee mai mult
de cteva zeci de cuvinte, dar fr a
le asocia sau utiliza conform celor
mai elementare reguli ale sintaxei,
nu va avea nici un fel de abiliti
sociale. Va prea c aparine unei
cu totul alte specii dect homo sa-
piens, dup cum observa printele
taxonomiei Carl von Linne. Rezu-
mnd putem spune c, fiind un nou
i unic pricipiu evolutiv n lumea
animal, comunicarea l-a creat pe
om. Astfel am putea reinterpreta
i vechi texte precum Evanghelia
dup Ioan unde se spune: La n-
ceput era Cuvntul i Cuvntul era
la Dumnezeu i Dumenezeu era
Cuvntul. Dumnezeu, n sensul de
creator al speciei umane a fost ntr-
adevr cuvntul, comunicarea.
Pe de alt parte, conform para-
digmei postmoderne, realitatea nu
exist n sensul viziunii clasice sau
moderne, adic exterioar nou i
independent de noi. n paradigma
postmodern, realitatea este de fapt
o vast reea de constructe sociale,
de convenii ce au un neles comun,
acceptat de toat lumea, i un ne-
les ascuns, accesibil fiecrui individ
n parte i numai lui. nelesul co-
mun al fiecrui construct social din
care este alctuit realitatea din care
noi nine facem parte, este obinut
exclusiv prin comunicare. Altfel
spus, comunicarea nu numai c a
creat specia uman, dar prin co-
municare oamenii creeaz i neleg
realitatea n care triesc i, implicit,
se creeaz i se neleg pe ei nii, characteristics are transmitted
ca obiecte ale acestei realiti.
Un alt aspect ce merit a fi men-
ionat pentru a nelege natura
uman i, n ultim instan, rai- by the rare but equally bizarre
unile intime ale oricror tehnici de
negociere i mediere, este acela c,
dei ne place s credem c suntem
n primul rnd fiine raionale, ra-
iunea fiind ceea ce ne deosebete
de restul lumii animale, omul este
n primul rnd o fiin emoional.
Orice reacie la un stimul exterior,
indiferent de ce natur ar fi aces-
ta, este n primul rnd de natur
emoional i apoi, dac e cazul, de
natur raional. Un banal exem-
plu: cnd vedem o figur ce ni se
pare cunoscut pe strad, n mul-
ime, prima reacie este aceea de a
ne bucura c ne putem ntlni cu o
veche cunotin. Abia dup ce re-
spectiva informaie este procesat
la nivelul neocortexului, ne putem
da seama c individului respectiv
i datorm eventual nite bani i unable to learn more than a few
este cazul s ne facem nevzui. n
general, n procesele de influen
medierea, tehnic i art
Mediation, communication
and human nature
Presentation held within the conference Mediation close to you organ-
ized by the Union of Mediation Centers from Romania, partner of Federal
Mediation and Conciliation Service Washington DC, U.S.A., together with
the Romanian Diplomatic Institute, Bucharest, december 4, 2011
I
n essence, mediation can be seen ing to the most elementary rules
as the art of opening an inter- of syntax, will not have any social
personal communication chan- skills. He will seem to belong to a
nel between the conflicting parties completely different species than
to obtain win-win solutions. For Homo sapiens, as Carl von Linne,
the success of such a process, the the father of taxonomy observed.
mediator must be primarily a per- Summarizing, we can say that,
fect communicator, creator of that being a new and unique evolu-
communication channel and also tion principle in the animal world,
the main support and administra- communication created man.
tor of it, fully confident that, re- Consequently we can reinterpret
gardless of the conflict causes, they ancient texts such as the Gospel of
can be resolved through commu- John where it says: In the begin-
nication. The crucial role of com- ning there was the Word and the
munication is worth to be revealed Word was with God and the God
in an ethological perspective on was Word. God, in the sense of
human nature. creator of the human species was
Communication, for human indeed the word, communication.
species, is a new and unique evo- On the other hand, according
lutionary principle. As compared to postmodern paradigm, the
to all other species of animals, reality does not exist in relation
where the information specific to to classical or modern vision, i.e.
their behavior is encoded in the outside us and independent of us.
genome and transmitted from In the postmodern paradigm, the
generation to generation mainly reality is actually a vast network
by genetics, only certain skills be- of social constructs, of conven-
ing learned during the life of an tions that have common sense,
individual (for example, preda- accepted by everyone, and hid-
tors hunting), for man, a social den meaning, accessible to each
being par excellence, the infor- individual and only to him. The
mation on species behavior is common understanding of each
coded mainly in the brain, in the social construct that makes up
neocortex, but after the invention reality we are part of, is achieved
of writing, also in libraries, com- only through communication. In
puter memory, being transmitted other words, communication has
from one generation to another not only created the human spe-
through communication, in social cies, but through communication
learning process. Only biological people create and understand the
reality in which they live and thus
through the genes. The essential create and understand themselves
difference between man and the as objects of this reality. Another
rest of higher animals is revealed aspect worth mentioning in order
to understand human nature and,
case of wild children, raised from ultimately, private reasons of any
the earliest age by animals or in negotiation and mediation tech-
total isolation. niques, is that, although we like to
If a puppy is raised by any other think we are rational beings first,
animal, without ever being in reason being that thing separat-
contact with another dog, it will ing us from the rest of the animal
have a conduct that is character- world, man is primarily an emo-
istic to its species because it is tional being. Any response to ex-
transmitted genetically. If a child ternal stimuli, no matter its nature,
from infancy is raised by an ani- is primarily emotional and then, if
mal, without contact with another necessary, rational. A simple ex-
human being, he will behave like ample: when we see on the street,
animals who raised him, not as in the crowd, a figure that seems
a man, and if he returns among to be familiar, our first reaction is
people after the phase of modal to be happy that we can meet with
personality formation (which an old acquaintance. Only after
ends around the age of 11-12), he that information is processed in
could never be inserted into soci- the neocortex, we realize that we
ety. He will remain a strange being, owe some money to that person
characterized only by basic needs, and perhaps we would be better
to disappear. In general, in social
dozen words, but without link- influence processes, because, after 19
ing them or using them accord- all, the role of the mediator is to
 medierea, tehnic i art
social, pentru c, la urma urmei,
rolul mediatorului este acela de a
influena prile ctre gsirea unei
soluii reciproc avantajoase pentru
soluionarea conflictului dintre ele,
emoiile sunt mult mai puternice
dect raiunea. Totui, pentru apla-
narea conflictelor, important este
raiunea, acordul final urmnd a fi
obinut pe baz de argumente fac-
tuale, logice, raionale, spre a fi mul-
umitor pentru ambele pri, dar
mai ales pentru a rezista n timp. n
acest sens, mediatorul, n calitatea
sa de virtuoz al comunicrii, trebu-
ie s fie i un fin psiholog, un abil
juctor n arena emoional unde se
confrunt prile, astfel nct s reu- de intersecie pozitiv al intereselor
easc atenuarea emoiilor negative,
eventual s le utilizeze n creionarea
unui viitor neplcut, poate chiar
sumbru pentru ambele pri, ce ar
putea rezulta din euarea medierii
i s le creeze, s le poteneze pe cele
pozitive, din perspectiva unui viitor
succes pentru toat lumea. Nu tre-
buie uitat faptul c, n procesul co-
municrii, doar 7% din informaii
sunt transmise prin cuvinte, restul
fiind transmis prin limbajul para-
lingvistic i nonverbal, puternic
marcat de latura emoional a fie-
cruia dintre partenerii de discuie.
Altfel spus, tonul face muzica, iar
mediatorul trebuie s aib o solid
pregtire n descifrarea i utilizarea
limbajului paralingvistic i nonver-
bal, att pentru a fora eficient spre
a nelege exact esena conflictului,
poziiile, frustrrile, profilul psiho-
logic, istoricul, vulnerabilitile i
atuurile fiecrei pri n parte, ct
i pentru a-l utiliza n deschiderea
unui canal ct mai larg de comuni-
care interpersonal, n prevenirea
animozitilor i iritrilor, n cre-
area unei atmosfere destinse, care
s permit ajungerea la o soluie
de comun acceptat; explorarea i
descifrarea trecutului conflictual
este esenial n orientarea pozi-
tiv ctre viitor. n acest sens, spre
exemplu, nc nainte de ntlnirea
cu prile, mediatorul trebuie s fie
atent ca mediul ambiental n care
se vor desfura discuiile s fie ct
mai relaxant, s nu conin elemen-
te sau simboluri ce ar putea irita
vreuna dintre pri; dispunerea sca-
unelor n jurul mesei, de preferin
rotund, s nu creeze locuri privi-
legiate, prile s nu fie aezate fa este esenial pentru detensionarea
n fa, n poziii ce vor fi percepute
subliminal ca fiind conflictuale, ci
n vrfurile unui triunghi imaginar
care s-l cuprind i pe mediator n
calitatea sa de receptor al emoiilor
negative, dar i ca participant activ
i imparial la gsirea soluiilor. Un
alt exemplu: mediatorul poate va-
loriza pozitiv comportamentul sau
backgound-ul uneia sau ambelor
pri, chiar flatndu-le, dac sesi-
zeaz c sunt sensibile la acest lucru,
22 astfel nct s le orienteze ctre uti-
lizarea raiunii, ctre un comporta-
ment elegant, generos chiar, pentru influence the parties to find mutu- even generous conduct, to solve
rezolvarea problemelor pe cale ami- ally beneficial solutions to solve a problems amicably; on the other
abil; n contrepondere, poate fi la conflict between them, emotions hand, the mediator may skillfully
fel de util exploatarea cu abilitate are more powerful than reason. exploit the fear, the most power-
a fricii, cea mai puternic emoie, n However, when solving con- ful emotion, in suggesting nega-
sugerarea efectelor negative, exas- flicts, important is the reason, the tive, exasperating, costly effects
perante, costisitoare ale meninerii final agreement will be obtained of keeping rigid positions or even
rigide pe poziii conflictuale sau ale based on factual, logical, rational turning to the court of law.
apelrii la instana de judecat. arguments, in order to be satisfac- Interpersonal communication,
Comunicarea interpersonal, ca tory for both parties but especially as the essence of mediation, in-
esen a medierii, presupune dez- to last in time. In this sense, the volves the development of inter-
voltarea unei relaii interpersonale mediator, as a virtuoso of com- personal relationships based on
bazate pe ncredere, pe cunoatere munication, must also be a fine trust, on mutual knowledge. This
reciproc. Aceast relaie se creea- psychologist, a skilful player in relationship is created at first be-
z iniial ntre mediator i fiecare the emotional arena where par- tween the mediator and each of
dintre pri, pentru ca astfel medi- ties face each others, in order to the parties, so that the mediator
atorul s poat identifica domeniul succeed in mitigating the negative can identify the positive intersec-
emotions, possibly to use them in tion area of the two parties in-
celor dou pri, s-l poat asana shaping up an unpleasant perhaps terests, to be able to clean up the
de emoiile negative, perturbatoare even bleak future for both par- negative, disturbing emotions and
i s-l poat pregti pentru cultiva- ties, that may result from failed prepare it for seeding the solution,
rea soluiei prin rennodarea unui mediation and create, highlight by reinstatement of a direct, ef-
canal de comunicare direct, efi- the positive ones, from the per- fective, positive, pragmatic com-
cient, pozitiv, pragmatic ntre spective of a successful future for munication channel between par-
pri. Aplanarea i chiar asanarea everyone. We should not forget ties. Settlement and even cleaning
emoiilor negative, ns, nu trebuie that in the process of communi- up negative emotions, however,
fcut la modul imperativ pentru cation, only 7% of information is should not be imperative as it
c ar risca nchiderea oricrei puni transmitted through words, the would risk closing any bridge of
de comunicare; ele trebuie relevate, rest being transmitted through communication; they must be
nelese, analizate, reinterpretate paralinguistic and nonverbal lan- revealed, understood, analyzed,
ntr-o cheie mai puin grav dect guage, strongly influenced by the reinterpreted in a key less serious
cea care a dus la acutizarea conflic- emotional side of each of the part- than that which led to the deepen-
tului, rediscutate din perspectiva ners concerned. In other words, ing of the conflict, discussed again
pur personal a celui frustrat sau tone makes music and the me- from the personal perspective of
suprat, nu ca generaliti, eventual diator must have a solid training party angry or frustrated, not as
redirecionate astfel nct partea n in deciphering and using paralin- generalities, eventually diverted
cauz s ajung singur la conclu- guistic and nonverbal language, so that the party reaches the con-
zia c frustrrile sau suprrile sale to understand the very essence clusion that its frustration or an-
nu vor disprea prin continuarea of the conflict, positions, frustra- ger will not disappear by continu-
conflictului, ci se vor amplifica; n tions, psychological profile, his- ing the conflict, but will increase,
schimb, satisfaciile sau compens- tory, weaknesses and strengths of in turn, satisfaction or compensa-
rile dorite pot fi obinute mult mai each party, and also to use them in tion desired can be obtained more
simplu n urma medierii. opening a wide channel of inter- simply from mediation.
Avnd n vedere faptul c mintea personal communication in pre- Given that the human mind
omului funcioneaz pe baza sche- venting animosity and irritation, works on the cognitive schemes,
melor cognitive, fapt ce conduce in creating a relaxed atmosphere, which lead to stereotypes, preju-
la apariia stereotipurilor, a pre- allowing a mutually acceptable so- dices, rigid thinking, it is very
judecilor, a gndirii rigide, este lution; exploring and deciphering important for the mediator to
foarte important ca mediatorul s past conflict is essential for a posi- call more often to changes in per-
apeleze ct mai des la schimbrile tive orientation towards the future. spective, the reinterpretation of
de perspectiv, la reinterpretarea In this respect, for example, problems in different situations
problemelor n registre diferite i even before meeting with the par- and more less severe in appear-
mult mai puin grave n aparen, ties, the mediator must be careful ance, to avoid fixing on patterns.
pentru a evita fixarea n abloane. that the ambience of the talks to Equally important is the pres-
La fel de important este prezen- be held is as relaxing as possible, entation of alternative to give
tarea de alternative pentru a crea does not contain elements or sym- the parties the feeling they are
prilor senzaia c nu sunt forate bols that could irritate any of the not forced to choose a solution
s aleag o soluie din exterior, ci, parties; seating around the table from the outside, but on the con-
dimpotriv, c i pstreaz deplina arrangement, preferably round, trary, they preserve full decision
putere de decizie. Puterea de deci- does nor create favored seats, par- power. Power to decide or at least
zie sau mcar senzaia deinerii ei ties should not be placed face to the feeling of possessing it is es-
face, in positions that sublimi- sential to loosen relations since
relaiilor avnd n vedere c omul nally are perceived as conflicting, man has two basic needs, that is
are dou nevoi fundamentale, ace- but at the top of an imaginative to maintain self-respect and to be
ea de a-i pstra respectul de sine i triangle to include also the media- respected by others. However, the
aceea de a fi respectat de ctre cei- tor as receptor of negative emo- posture of obedience to the deci-
lali. Or, postura de obedient fa de tions, but also as an active and sions made by others affect these
deciziile altora afecteaz aceste sim- impartial participant in finding senses as long as those decisions
uri ct vreme deciziile n cauz nu solutions. Another example: the do not come from the authorities,
vin din partea autoritilor, fa de mediator may value positively to which, under the commonly
care, n virtutea contractului social the behavior or the background accepted social contract, all citi-
de comun acceptat, toi cetenii of either or both the parties, even zens must show obedience.
trebuie s manifeste supunere. flattering them, if he becomes Nevertheless, because media-
Nu n ultimul rnd, pentru c aware that they are sensitive to tion is a true art, the mediator
medierea este o veritabil art, this, therefore he focuses on the must be creative, even if the act
mediatorul trebuie s dea dovad use of reason towards an elegant, of creation involves the accumu-

de creativitate; chiar dac actul de
creaie presupune acumularea de
foarte multe cunotine i de expe-
rien. Este bine cunoscut istorioa-
ra cu eicul care avea 19 cmile i
a lsat prin testament ca acestea s
fie mprite astfel: o jumtate fiului
cel mare, un sfert fiului mijlociu i
o cincime fiului cel mic. Cum dup
moartea eicului cei trei fii n-au
putut mpri cmilele conform
ultimei dorine a tatlui, inevitabil
a izbucnit conflictul. A fost chemat
btrnul nelept al comunitii timp, mediatorul trebuie s se asi-
care a rezolvat problema imediat
dndu-le celor trei o cmil de-a sa.
Astfel cele douzeci de cmile au
putut fi mprite: biatul cel mare
a luat jumtate zece, mijlociul a
luat un sfert cinci, iar mezinul o
cincime patru. n final, cum b-
ieii au luat n total 19 cmile, b-
trnul nelept i-a recuperat i el
cmila. Importana istorioare nu
st doar n ingeniozitatea soluiei.
n majoritatea situaiilor, conflictele
pornesc de la anumite nenelegeri,
de la interpretri false ori judeci
greite, astfel c o cunoatere exac-
t a situaiei i a contextului ce a
generat conflictul poate releva dis-
continuitile, sincopele de gndire
sau greelile i, cu puin imagina-
ie, dar i cu mult experien, cu
profesionalism i cu tact se pot gsi
soluii surprinztor de simple i de
acceptabile pentru toate prile.
O meniune aparte se cuvine a fi
fcut referitor la medierea n care
prile aparin unor culturi diferi-
te. Aici trebuie respectate cu foarte
mare rigoare i atenie regulile fun-
damentale ale comunicrii inter-
culturale, adic nu doar persoanele
care sunt pri trebuie cunoscute i
nelese ct mai clar, ci i culturile
din care provin ele. Astfel cadrul
medierii poate fi adaptat normelor
de comun acceptate spre a nu pro-
voca radicalizarea pe poziii negati-
ve a vreuneia dintre pri. n acelai
gure c are competen lingvistic
i paralingvistic actualizat pentru
a nelege ambele pri i pentru a
facilita astfel comunicarea ntre ele.
Reinterpretarea i nelegerea
diverselor tehnici de mediere ntr-
o abordare multidisciplinar, prin
perspectiva etologiei, a psihologiei,
a sociopsihologiei, chiar a neurolo-
giei, chiar dac ar prea un demers
exotic, este, credem cu convingere,
deosebit de important, nu doar
pentru a oferi explicaii suplimen-
tare, de profunzime, respectivelor
tehnici, ci mai ales pentru a incita
la o reflecie asupra naturii umane
i a esenei acestei veritabile arte a
comunicrii, reflecie ce poate ge-
nera la rndul ei noi ci de soluio-
nare a conflictelor, noi abordri sau
chiar soluii suprinztoare n cazuri
aparent fr ieire.
Bogdan Ficeac
medierea, tehnic i art
lation of a lot of knowledge and made on the mediation where
experience. It is well known the parties belong to different cul-
short story of the Sheikh who had tures. Fundamental rules of in-
19 camels and willed them to be tercultural communication must
divided as follows: a half to eldest be followed very carefully, i.e. not
son, a fourth to the second son only parties in mediation need to
and a fifth to his youngest son. be known and understood more
After the death of the Sheikh, his clearly, but also their cultural
three sons could not share the backgrounds. Thus the media-
camels according to their fathers tion framework can be adapted to
wish, thus the conflict was inevi- commonly accepted rules, in or-
table. The communitys wise old der not to radicalize any of the
man was called, who immediately parties. At the same time, the me-
solved the problem by giving the diator must ensure that he has up-
three one of his camels. Thus the dated linguistic and paralinguistic
twenty camels could be divided: competence so as to understand
the eldest son took half ten, the both sides and thus facilitate com-
middle took a fourth five and munication between them.
the youngest boy took a fifth We strongly believe that rein-
four. Finally, as the boys took a terpretation and understanding of
total of 19 camels, the wise old various mediation techniques in a
man recovered his camel. The multidisciplinary approach, from
importance of this short history the perspective of etiology, psy-
does not rely only on the ingen- chology, socio-psychology, even
ious solution. In most situations, neuroscience, even if it seems
conflicts start from some misun- an exotic approach, is extremely
derstandings, false interpretations important, not only to provide
or wrong judgments, so an exact further, deep explanation to these
knowledge of the situation and techniques, but rather to incite
the context that generated the reflection on human nature and
conflict may reveal discontinui- essence of the true art of commu-
ties, gaps or errors of thought and nication, reflection which in turn
with a little imagination, but also can generate new ways of solving
with a rich experience, with pro- conflicts, new approaches or sur-
fessionalism and tact surprisingly prising solutions in apparently
simple solutions acceptable to all hopeless cases.
parties can be reached.
A special mention is due to be Bogdan Ficeac
23
 medierea, tehnic i art

Conflictul nate caracter Conflict creates characters

Prezentare sustinuta in cadrul conferintei Medierea aproape de tine Presentation held within the conference Mediation close to you organ-
organizata de Uniunea Centrelor de Mediere din Romania, partener al Fe- ized by the Union of Mediation Centers from Romania, partner of Federal
deral Mediation and Conciliation Service U.S.A., impreuna cu Institutul Mediation and Conciliation Service Washington DC, U.S.A., together with
Diplomatic Roman, Bucuresti, 4 decembrie 2011 the Romanian Diplomatic Institute, Bucharest, december 4, 2011

S I
int o persoana urbana si cred rese si ideologie pierd orice sens. am an urban person and I be- ples belong also to high me-
in civilzatie. De acord ca bene- Asa se obtine durabilitatea pentru lieve in civilization. I agree that diation, very close to diplomacy.
ficiile civilizatiei pot fi discuta- nume si brand, iar medierea este o the benefits of civilization are Taking into account the way the
bile (unul dintre efectele nedorite ar metoda care antreneaza si cultura- debatable (one of the undesirable world changes now, the high com-
fi alienarea omului fata de natura), lizeaza in comunicare, negociere si effects is human alienation from mandment is listening (and less
dar eu sint dintre cei care sustin ca, rezolvarea eficienta a diferendelor nature), but I am one of those who long speeches). By listening, we can
in concept, civilizatia este totusi un toate, atribute ale civilizatiei. argues that, in concept, civiliza- learn and discern from the plenty of
lucru bun. Cita vreme nu se despar- Regretabil, aceste lucruri sint tion is still a good thing. As long avatars that appear, the groups and
te de cultura si nu se incorporeaza prea rar pomenite si exersate in fa- as it is not separated from culture enemies that we have to negotiate
doar in consumerism trivial, civili- milie, scoala, universitati, comuni- and does not incorporate itself in with. With them should confronta-
zatia este profitabila. tati urbane comunitati, in general, trivial consumerism, civilization is tion take place, being mandatory to
Comunicarea strategica, atunci desi sint notiuni absolut necesare in profitable. respect cultural differences. These
cind este performanta, contine pu- supravietuire, depasirea obstacole- Strategic communication, when opponents will have to be given all
terea de a avea dialog intr-o forma lor si evolutia scopurilor. it has good results, contains the the recognition in full conflict, to
civilizata. Aici am gasit apropierea Sistemele juridice functioneaza power to have dialogue in a civi- reach the essence of things, where
dintre ceea ce fac eu, ca relationist, din ce in ce mai greoi, legile sint lized manner. Here I found connec- differences of agenda, interests and
si mediere. tot complicate (nu neaparat mai tion between what I do as PR, and ideology lose any meaning. This
Marea arta a conducerii, a men- logice), tribunalele sint arhipline mediation. is the way to obtain durability for
tinerii reputatiei si a cantonarii in de procese lungi, media din ce in The great art of leadership, of name and brand and mediation is
civilizatie este evitarea razboaielor ce mai vigilenta, dar mai putin in- maintaining reputation and con- a method that trains and enlighten
deschise, publice, lungi si pagu- formata si analitica. Aici, caile de nections in civilization is to avoid in communication, negotiation and
boase. Persoanele cu care lucrez comunicare au mult de rezolvat. open, public, long and damaging efficient dispute resolution - all at-
sint in pozitii de conducere, iar asta Fara discutie ca strategiile se vor wars. People I am working with tributes of civilization.
presupune ca au o intelegere su- Unfortunately, these things are
perioara asupra conflictului. Eu le very rarely mentioned and prac-
reamintesc un lucru banal, atunci ticed inside family, school, univer-
cind reputatia companiei sau a lor sity, urban communities - com-
personala este in pericol: conflic- munities in general, although they
tul este inevitabil; bataliile nu sint represent notions absolutely neces-
obligatorii. sary for survival, overcoming ob-
William Jones, filozoful ame- stacles and evolution of goals.
rican pragmatic (1842-1910), se Legal systems are working in-
exprima asa: Ori de cite ori te afli creasingly difficult, laws are becom-
intr-un conflict cu cineva, exista un ing more complicated (not neces-
factor care te poate diferentia. Acel sarily more logical), the courts are
factor este atitudinea. Situatiile de crammed with long processes, me-
criza in comunicarea publica presu- dia is increasingly vigilant, but less
pun citeva norme elementare, din- informed and analytical. Here ways
tre care patru sint cheia, pentru ca of communication need to resolve
reprezinta dovada intelegerii partii plenty. Without question, strate-
adverse si integrarea conflictului in multiplica si rafina, iar ideologiile hold management positions, and gies will multiply and refine and
evolutia proprie: vor ascuti conflicte cu nemiluita. this means they have a higher un- ideologies will sharpen conflicts.
Confrunta-te cu problema fara Medierea este sigur capabila, in ori- derstanding over conflict. I remind Mediation is the only capable, in
eschivari si aminari. ce situatie, sa propuna cooperarea. them one basic thing, when their any situation, to propose coopera-
Adopta o pozitie clara, un prin- In loc de demonizarea adversarului, personal or companys reputation tion. Instead of demonizing the op-
cipiu. alianta profitabila. In loc de blocaj, is at risk: conflict is inevitable, bat- ponent, profitable alliance. Instead
Lucreaza cu concurenta si dez- constructia principiala. In loc de tles are not mandatory. of blockage, principle construction.
volta aliante. ambitia primitiva si galagioasa, so- William Jones, the American Instead of primitive and noisy am-
Opreste justificarile, construieste lutia eleganta si sobra a avantajului pragmatic philosopher (1842- bition, elegant and sober solution
solutii. reciproc. Chiar daca nu in toate ca- 1910), says the following: Each to mutual benefit. Even if it can-
Am descoperit ca aceste principii zurile se poate aplica, medierea este time you are in conflict with some- not be applied in all cases, media-
sint si ale medierii inalte, apropiate capabila sa intervina si extraga, din body, there is a factor that may tion is able to intervene and extract
diplomatiei. conflictul perpetuu, o foarte mare differentiate you. This factor is at- from the perpetual conflict, a great
Tinind cont de felul in care lu- parte a frictiunilor dintre oameni, titude. The crisis situations in part of the frictions between peo-
mea se modifica acum, marele co- companii, tari, comunitati econo- public communication entail few ple, companies, countries and eco-
mandament este ascultarea (mai mice. Ceea ce inseamna o scoatere basic norms, of which four are the nomic communities. This means
putin, etalarea discursiva). Prin din abrutizare, cu transfer spre ci- key ones, because they represent a removal of brutalization, with
ascultare se pot afla si discerne, din vilizatie. the proof of understanding the op- transfer to civilization.
abundenta avatarurilor care ni se Asa am ajuns eu la ideea de me- posite and integration of the con- This is how I got to the idea of
prezinta, grupurile si inamicii cu diere: cautind forme aplicate de flict in its own evolution. mediation: searching applied forms
care avem de negociat. Cu acestia cultura si civilizatie. Ma amestec Face the problem no shirking of culture and civilization. I get in-
ar trebui sa aiba loc confruntarea, in aceasta profesie, considerind ca and no delaying. volved in this profession, consider-
obligatoriu respectind diferentele este pasul progresiv pe care trebuie Take a clear stand, a principle. ing that it is the progressive step I
culturale. Acestor opozanti va tre- sa-l fac, dupa 20 de ani de comuni- Work with competition and de- must take, after 20 years of public
bui sa li se acorde toata recunoas- care publica. velop alliances. communication.
terea, in plin conflict, pentru a se Stop justifications, build soluti-
24 ajunge la esenta lucrurilor, acolo Cristina Stihi ons. Cristina Stihi
unde diferentele de agenda, inte- Comunicare strategica si PR I found that these princi- Strategic Communication and PR
 medierea, tehnic i art

Identitatea profesiei de mediator Theidentityofthemediatorprofession

Prezentare sustinuta in cadrul conferintei Medierea aproape de tine Presentation held within the conference Mediation close to you organ-
organizata de Uniunea Centrelor de Mediere din Romania, partener al Fe- ized by the Union of Mediation Centers from Romania, partner of Federal
deral Mediation and Conciliation Service U.S.A., impreuna cu Institutul Mediation and Conciliation Service Washington DC, U.S.A., together with
Diplomatic Roman, Bucuresti, 4 decembrie 2011 the Romanian Diplomatic Institute, Bucharest, december 4, 2011

INTRODUCERE
Putem afirma c medierea este n
Romnia o profesie situat nc la
nivelul de experiment socio-profe-
sional. Experimentul a devenit pro-
fesie, ns nu a ncetat s fie experi-
ment atta vreme ct exist judee
n care nu s-a solicitat pn n acest
moment ncuvinarea unui acord
de mediere n instanele de judeca-
t. n acelai timp, chiar i din ace-
le judee se nregistreaz suficient
de multe cereri pentru pregtirea
iniial sau pentru primirea n pro-
fesia de mediator. Iat c succesul
experimentului poate fi evaluat n
mod diferit, n funcie de perspec-
tiva din care privim sau n funcie
de indicatorul pe care l msurm.
Oricum ar fi, un lucru este sigur.
Percepiile n legtur cu medierea
au suferit, n timp, transformri
semnificative. Dac n urm cu
10-15 ani medierea se gsea n ara
noastr n fazele incipiente de pro-
iecte pilot, fiind perceput dinspre
exterior, i nu numai, ca o activitate
nesemnificativ i fr prea multe
anse de implementare, acum, n
anul 2011, medierea este vzut
ca un pericol, pe de o parte, ca o
soluie salvatoare.
Identitatea profesiei de mediator
poate fi definit ca fiind un ansam-
blu de atribute, convingeri, valori,
motive i experiene prin care se
definesc mediatorii i medierea.
n Romnia anului 2011 sunt
3000 de mediatori autorizai dintre
aproximativ 10.000 de mediatori
care au urmat cursurile. n prima
parte a acestui an, n mod natural,
fr motivaii artificiale-electorale,
doar 200-300 de mediatori efectu-
aser demersuri n sensul nregis-
trrii fiscale, ceea ce a demonstrat
c doar acetia au urmrit s devi-
n practicieni, cel puin pe termen
scurt. Putem estima astfel c unul
din doi-trei mediatori formai se
autorizeaz, unul din zece media-
tori autorizai este interesat s de-
vin dendat practician i nu mai
tim ci reuesc cu adevrat s dez- interesele financiare.
volte o minim experien.
Aceti mediatori autorizai sunt
mediatorii practicieni, full time sau
part time. Ceilali, cei muli, sunt
mediatori autorizai, susintori ai
medierii, fr ndoial, promotori
principali ai profesiei, bineneles,
ns n viaa profesional sunt, de cadrul legislativ, de numrul de
n primul rnd, avocai, oameni
de afaceri, profesori, ingineri,
economiti, militari, doctori, preoi,
judectori, poliiti, sociologi, psi-
hologi, arhiteci, oameni politici,
ageni de vnzri, bancheri i aa medierea intr n contact. Oferta
mai departe. Iat c vorbim despre
att de multe prime identiti ma-
joritare n interiorul profesiei de
mediator care la rndul ei, nc i
caut identitatea.
MATURIZAREA PIAEI SERVICI-
ILOR DE MEDIERE
Este fundamental faptul c un
numr semnificativ, chiar majoritar,
dintre mediatorii autorizai sunt
interesai s dezvolte o carier n
profesia de mediator. Pentru atin-
gerea acestui obiectiv este nevoie
ca piaa serviciilor de mediere s
se maturizeze. Din anumite puncte
de vedere s-ar putea spune c piaa
este chiar inexistent.
Datele despre piaa serviciilor
de mediere din Romnia demon-
streaz c oferta depete cu mult tion, suffered, in time, significant
cererea. n prima jumtate a anului
2011 au fost ncuviinate aproxima-
tiv 500 de acorduri de mediere, de
dou ori mai multe fa de tot anul
2010, ceea ce sugereaz o optimist
cretere cu 400% a cererii pentru
serviciile de mediere judiciar. n
ceea ce privete disputele nelitigi-
oase care sunt mediate, nu exist
sisteme de contorizare. Cu att mai
puin, nu exist date despre calita-
tea servicilor furnizate.
Chiar dac numrul de cazuri
mediate este n cretere, piaa ser-
viciilor de mediere este nc mi-
croscopic. Cauzele discutate ale
stadiului actual se refer, de regul,
mai mult sau mai puin justificat,
la lipsa de informare a publicului
n legtur cu avantajele folosirii
medierii, la lipsa de ncredere a
magistrailor n calitatea serviciilor
de mediere, la calitatea actului ma-
nagerial al Consiliului de Mediere,
la lipsa de organizare a mediatorilor
ntr-o asociaie profesional unic, therefore estimate that one of two
la lipsa obligativitii justiiabililor
de a apela la mediere sau la aa-zisa
atitudine adversarial fa de medi-
ere a avocailor, care ar dori s ps-
treze controlul asupra soluionrii
disputei i crora le-ar fi afectate
Piaa serviciilor de mediere
funcioneaz ca orice alt pia, n The others, the majority, are certi-
funcie de cererea i oferta servi-
ciilor de mediere. Cererea pentru
servicii de mediere depinde de
veniturile potenialilor clieni, de
costurile unui proces n instan,
poteniali clieni, de experiena la zi
a mediatorilor, de ncrederea publi-
cului larg bazat de furnizarea unui
serviciu de calitate i pe construcia
unui dialog real cu profesiile cu care
INTRODUCTION that mediators, in their turn, are
We can say that mediation in still searching for identity.
Romania is a profession still in the
socio-professional experimental MEDIATION SERVICES MARKET
phase. The experiment has become GROWING UP
a profession, but has continued to It is fundamental that a sig-
be an experiment as long as there nificant number, even majority of
are counties where no mediation certified mediators are interested
agreement was submitted to a to develop a career in this profes-
court for consent. At the same time, sion. To achieve this objective the
precisely from those counties, we mediation services market needs
register many requests for initial to grow up. From certain points of
training in the mediator profession. view, we may say that the market is
Therefore, the success of the experi- non-existent.
ment can be assessed differently de- Data about the mediation ser-
pending on the perspective we see vices market in Romania proves
things or depending on the indica- that offer highly exceeds demand.
tor that we measure. In the first half of 2011, there were
Anyway, one thing is certain. Per- consented approximately 500 me-
ceptions in connection with media- diation agreements, twice more
than the whole year 2010, which
changes. If 10-15 years ago media- suggests an optimistic increase by
tion was in the pilot incipient stage 400% in the demand for judicial
in our country, being perceived mediation. For non-litigious dis-
from the outside and only as a non- putes that are mediated, there are
significant activity, without too no metering systems. More than
many implementation opportuni- that, we hold no data about the
ties, now, in 2011, mediation is seen quality of service provided.
as a threat on one hand, and as a Even if the number of mediated
saving solution. cases is increasing, the market of
The identity of the mediator pro- mediation services is still micro-
fession can be defined as a set of scopic. The causes of the current
attributes, beliefs, values, reasons, state refer, usually, more or less jus-
experiences that define the media- tified, to the lack of public aware-
tors and mediation. ness about the benefits of using
In 2011s Romania there were mediation, to the lack of judges
3,000 certified mediators, out of confidence in the quality of me-
about 10,000 mediators who at- diation, to the quality of manage-
tended trainings. In the first half rial performance by the Mediation
of this year, naturally, without elec- Council, to the lack of mediators
toral artificial motivation, only 200- organization in a unique profes-
300 mediators had taken the steps sional association, to the lack of liti-
to become fiscally registered, which gants obligation to resort to media-
showed that only those people re- tion or to the so-called adversarial
ally wanted to become practition- attitude of lawyers about mediation,
ers, at least on the short term. We who would like to keep control on
dispute resolution and whose finan-
or three trained mediators become cial interests would be affected.
authorized, one in ten is interested Mediation services market func-
in becoming practitioners imme- tions as any other market, depend-
diately and we do not know how ing on the offer and demand. The
many really manage to gain some demand for mediation services
experience. depends on the income of potential
These certified mediators are clients, on the costs of lawsuits, on
practitioners, full time or part time. the legislative framework, on the
number of potential clients, on the
fied mediators, supporters of me- mediators experience, on the pub-
diation, no doubt, main promoters lic confidence based on supplying
of the profession, of course, but qualitative services and on the con-
in their professional life they are struction of a real dialogue with the
primarily lawyers, businessmen, professions that mediation comes
teachers, engineers, economists, into contact. The offer of mediation
military, doctors, priests, judges, services depends on the training
policemen, sociologists, psycholo- costs, on the number of profession-
gists, architects, politicians, sales als, on the legislative framework
agents, bankers and so on. Here we and stability of the profession.
talk about so many primary identi- Therefore, some voices said that 25
ties inside the mediator profession the profession should only receive
 medierea, tehnic i art
serviciilor de mediere depinde de
costurile cu formarea, numrul de
profesioniti, cadrul legislativ i sta-
bilitatea profesiei.
Rezult de aici i alte cauze care
au determinat dimensiunile actuale
reduse ale pieei serviciilor de me-
diere, precum lipsa de experien a
mediatorilor sau interpretarea in-
corect a rolului mediatorului, care
izvorte din promovarea insuficien-
t sau incorect a profesiei. Au fost
vehiculate, astfel, opinii exprimate
n favoarea condiionrii primirii n
profesie de absolvirea de studii uni-
versitare juridice, opinii exprimate
n sensul deposedrii mediatorului
de anumite drepturi legale sau opinii
exprimate pentru acordarea media-
torilor de valene care interfereaz
cu diferite profesii, precum profesi-
ile de avocat sau notar.
Pe scurt, este posibil ca mesajul
de promovare a profesiei s nu fi
fost cel mai eficient att din punct
de vedere calitativ ct i cantitativ.
EXERCITAREA PROFESIEI DE
MEDIATOR
Pe de alt parte, piaa este in-
undat de mediatori excesiv de
optimiti, care nc intr foarte
uor n profesie, aspirnd la o cari-
er viabil. Mediatorii care de-abia
s-au autorizat nu pot oferi clienilor
tot ceea ce acetia caut, i anume
abiliti, experien i reputaie. re se face prin exercitarea profesiei,
Experiena i reputaia nu se pot
cumpra i nici nu se pot nva n redus, capt valene superioare
timpul cursurilor. Din pcate, nu se
observ nici prea multe oportuniti
de mentorat create de organizaiile
profesionale ale mediatorilor.
Ca efect, mediatorii rmn sin-
guri n demersul lor i cei mai muli
rmn doar cu calitatea de medi-
ator, ntorcndu-se la activitatea
profesional de baz. Puini sunt
cei care i permit sau care risc
s ctige experien de la un caz
la altul, client cu client, ca i cnd
ai pune crmid peste crmid alitate sau pentru facilitarea unui
pentru a face un zid i dup aceea
o cas. n primul rnd lor, profesia
trebuie s le fie recunosctoare.
Profesia pregtete cu siguran
mult mai muli mediatori fa de
cte servicii solicit piaa. Pe de
alt parte, numrul considerabil
de mediatori formai a determinat
apariia din interior a unei presi-
uni pozitive n sensul implemen-
trii profesiei. Aceast situaie are
implicaii importante pentru cei
care doresc s fie mediatori care
trebuie s se specializeze pentru
a avea anse viabile, pentru pro-
gramele de formare care trebuie
s prezinte cursanilor realitile
practicii reduse a medierii i pentru
Consiliul de Mediere care trebuie
s priveasc cu mai mult atenie
la calitatea formrii mediatorilor
i s reacioneze fa de primirea
26 prea facil n profesie. Cadrul legal
i organizatoric al profesiei de me-
diator existent n Romnia este din
punct de vedere teoretic unul mo-
dern i de natur s conduc spre
o dezvoltare mai lent dar stabil
i durabil. Profesia va trebui ns
s-i stabileasc o strategie real
de dezvoltare i un plan concret de
msuri care s produc schimbri
de sus n jos i care s susin dez-
voltarea strategic regional, local
i individual a mediatorilor. Fr
un asemenea plan, va fi mai greu ca
exercitarea profesiei s produc un
impact semnificativ.
Din diferite motive, unele expuse
mai sus, corpul profesional nu este
organizat i se gsete n imposi-
bilitatea de a-i exprima voina cu
privire la chestiunile fundamenta-
le precum strategia i organizarea
profesiei. Lipsa de implicare a me-
diatorilor, care se nate i din lipsa
unei stabiliti financiare asigurate
de exercitarea profesiei, face ca
membii Consiliului de mediere s
fie alei prin exprimarea voinei de
doar cteva sute de mediatori; o alt
problem de identitate.
PROMOVAREA MEDIERII I A
PROFESIEI DE MEDIATOR
Un aspect deosebit de important
este dat de nivelul insuficient sau
de modalitatea inadecvat de pro-
movare a profesiei. Cea mai bun
promovare a serviciului de medie-
dar cum aceasta este nc foarte
foresee too many mentoring oppor- given by the insufficient or inade-
mesajul public transmis prin diferi-
tele evenimente profesionale care se
organizeaz n Romnia.
Un numr limitat de asociaii
profesionale organizeaz frecvent
congrese i conferine care au ca
scop transportarea n spaiul public
a mesajelor de promovare a medi-
erii. Pe de alt parte, civa media-
tori i cteva organizaii fac eforturi
considerabile i ludabile pentru
realizarea de publicaii de speci-
dialog profesional n spaiul virtual.
Mesajul transmis nu este de fie-
care dat unul care s ia n consi-
derare principiile fundamentale ale
medierii sau care s se raporteze
cu reveren la profesiile de a cror
deschidere depinde implementarea
medierii, precum profesiile de avo-
cat, magistrat sau notar. Spre exem-
plu, Medierea economisete bani
prin faptul c la mediere prile
nu mai cheltuiesc bani pe [...] i
pe onorariul de avocat, Medierea
este mai bun dect instana de ju-
decat ... sau La mediere este mai
ieftin dect la notar ... sunt mesaje
incorecte i adversariale care fac
ru profesiei de mediator. Mesajele
sunt periculoase pentru c sunt de
natur s creeze percepia c medi-
atorul este o alternativ mai ieftin
a avocatului iar medierea este o
justiie privatizat, ieftin i rapid,
sau un birou notarial cu taxe foarte
people who graduated from law tainable growth. But the profession
schools, there were also voices say- will have to establish a real develop-
ing that the mediator should be ment strategy and a concrete plan
deprived of certain legal rights or of measures to produce changes
voices saying that mediators should from top to bottom and support
be given skills which interfere with strategic regional, local and indi-
different professions, such as pro- vidual development of mediators.
fession of lawyer or notary. Without such a plan it will be more
In short, it may be that the mes- difficult for the profession to pro-
sage promoting the profession was duce a significant impact.
not the most effective both in terms For various reasons, some men-
of qualitative and quantity. tioned above, the professional body
is not organized and is unable to
PERFORMING THE MEDIATOR express its willingness on funda-
PROFESSION mental issues such as strategy and
On the other hand, the market is organization of this profession. Me-
flooded with excessively optimistic diators lack of involvement, which
mediators, who still enter the pro- results from a lack of financial sta-
fession too easily, aspiring to a via- bility provided by the profession,
ble career. Mediators who have just makes the members of the Media-
been authorized can not provide tion Council be elected by only a
their clients everything they seek few hundreds mediators another
for, namely skills, experience and identity problem.
reputation. Experience and reputa-
tion cannot be bought and either PROMOTING MEDIATION AND
can they be learned during training THE MEDIATOR PROFESSION
classes. Unfortunately, we cannot An extremely important aspect is
tunities created by the professional quate means to promote the profes-
organizations of mediators. As a re- sion. The best promotion of media-
sult, mediators are left alone in their tion services is by performing the
approach and most remain only profession, but given it is still very
with the quality of mediator, re- low, the public message becomes
turning to their main professional more important, being sent by the
activity. Few are those who can af- various professional events organ-
ford or take risks to win experience ized in Romania.
from one case to another, from one A limited number of professional
client to the other, as if one puts one associations frequently organize
brick after the other, to make a wall congresses and conferences aimed
and then a house. First, the profes- at spreading the messages promot-
sion should be grateful to them. ing mediation to the general public.
The profession indeed prepares On the other hand, some mediators
more mediators than the services and organizations make significant
requested on the market. On the and laudable efforts to issue special-
other hand, the considerable num- ized magazines or to facilitate pro-
ber of trained mediators deter- fessional dialogue in online space.
mined the appearance in the inside The message sent does not
of a positive pressure in the sense always take into account the
of implementing the profession. basic principles of mediation or put
This has important implications for in relation to the professions whose
those who want to be mediators, openness depends on the imple-
who must specialize to have viable mentation of mediation, such as
chances, for the training programs, the lawyer, judge or notary profes-
that must present the attendants sions. For example, Mediation
the realities of the mediation prac- saves money given that in media-
tice and for the Mediation Council, tion the parties no longer spend
which has to look more careful at money on ...attorneys, Mediation
the quality of mediators training is better than the court of law ... or
and react to the way too easy ac- mediation is cheaper than the no-
ceptance inside the profession. tary ... all these are incorrect and
The legal and organization adversary messages that harm the
framework of the mediator profes- mediator profession. Messages are
sion existing in Romania is theo- dangerous because they are likely
retically a modern one and likely to to create the perception that the
lead to a slower but steady and sus- mediator is a cheaper alternative
 medierea, tehnic i art

mici. Existena unor asemenea me- n profesie n contextul unei doze to a lawyer and that mediation is a people show their attention for the
saje, face ca apariia mecanismelor excesive de optimism i a unui nivel privatized, cheap and fast alterna- mediator profession, with great op-
de autoaprare din partea altor pro- sczut de selecie. tive, or a notarys office with very portunities to enter the profession
fesii s nu fie surprinztoare. Profesia are o problem de iden- low fees. in the context of excessive doses of
Un coleg propunea organizarea titate i mediatorii sunt cei care au The existence of such messages optimism and a low selection level.
unui curs de pregtire profesional puterea de a rezolva aceast proble- makes the appearance of self-de- The profession has an identity
continu, cu tema Ce este medierea. m, atitudinea public neadversa- fense mechanisms from other pro- problem and mediators are those
Sperm c nu vom ajunge pn acolo. rial n promovarea medierii fiind fessions not surprising. who have the power to solve this is-
Medierea trebuie promovat n fundamental. A colleague suggested organizing sue, while the public non-adversary
mod onest i realist. Mediatorul tre- Dezvoltarea de strategii de sis- a continuous training course with attitude is fundamental in promot-
buie prezentat n mod corect ca un tem i de strategii individuale n the theme What is mediation. We ing mediation. Development of
profesionist neutru i imparial care vederea stimulrii gradului de ape- hope we wont get there. Mediation system and individual strategies
faciliteaz o negociere ntr-un cadru lare la mediatori pentru furnizarea should be promoted honestly and to boost the demand of mediators
confidenial, ambele pri disputan- serviciilor de mediere n condiii realistically. The mediator must be to provide mediation services in
te fiindu-i clieni. Avocaii trebuie de calitate, este cheia ctre creterea properly presented as a neutral, im- qualitative conditions is the key
ncurajai s apeleze la mediatori ncrederii publice n mediere, cu partial professional, who facilitates to public confidence in mediation
i s participe la mediere alturi de efect imediat asupra dezvoltrii ce- negotiation in a confidential frame- with immediate effect on the devel-
clienii lor pe care i pot influena rerii pentru mediere i asupra unei work, both conflicting parties being opment of demand for mediation
pozitiv prin opiniile realiste pe care piee a serviciilor de mediere. their clients. Lawyers must be en- and in a market providing media-
le exprim, iar medierea trebuie Dezvoltarea pieei va determina couraged to resort to mediators and tion services.
vzut ca o posibil soluie de c- creterea numrului de mediatori participate in mediation together Market development will deter-
tre magistratul sau de notarul care practicieni, rezolvndu-se n bun with their clients, whom they can mine the increase in the number
tiu ct de important este s acorde parte i problema actual de iden- positively influence through their of practitioners, thus solving the
anse realizrii unui acord de voin, titate a profesiei. realistic opinions, and mediation current issue regarding the profes-
acolo unde acesta nu exist. n final, putem spune c s-au should be seen as a possible solu- sional identity.
De asemenea, opiniile radicale fcut progrese remarcabile n pro- tion by the judge or the notary who In the end, we can say that re-
din interiorul profesiei, exprimate cesul de implementare a medierii, know how important it is to give markable progress was made in the
n spaiul public, aduc deservicii ns mai avem de parcurs o bun chances to achieve an agreement of implementation of mediation, but
mediatorilor i creeaz percepia c bucat de drum. will, where it does not exist. we still have a long path to cross.
medierea are o problem major de Also, radical opinions within
stabilitate moral i deontologic, Constantin-Adi Gavril the profession, expressed in public Constantin-Adi Gavril
cu efecte negative asupra pieei ser- space, bring disadvantages to medi-
viciilor de mediere. Biografie ators and create the perception that Biography
Constantin-Adi Gavril, liceniat mediation has a major problem re- Constantin-Adi Gavrila, bach-
ACCEPTAREA CULTURAL A n tiina sistemelor i a calculatoarelor lated to the moral and deontologi- elor degree in system and computer
MEDIERII i n tiinele juridice, a fost format ca science and in law sciences, was
cal stability, with negative effects on
Serviciul de mediere este foarte mediator n anul 2003 la Washington the mediation services market. trained as mediator in 2003 in
personal i orientat spre oameni i D.C., S.U.A., lucrnd n tipuri variate Washington D.C., USA, working in
unamitate. Clienii actuali ai me- de cazuri: comercial, civil, familie sau CULTURAL ACCEPTANCE OF different types of cases: commercial,
dierii i avocaii lor nu caut doar penal. Este unul dintre membrii fon- MEDIATION civil, family or criminal. He is one of
un mediator care poate s-i ajute s datori i director general al Centrului Mediation service is very per- the founding members and general
identifice o soluie, ci i pe cineva de Mediere Craiova nc de la nfiin- sonal and oriented to people. Cur- manager of the Craiova Mediation
fa de care s se raporteze la un area acestuia ca centru pilot de ctre rent clients of mediation and their Center right from its establishment
nivel personal. Clienii i avocaii Ministerul Justiiei cu sprijinul Amba- lawyers do not search only a me- as pilot center by the Ministry of
care vin la mediere pentru prima sadei SUA n Romnia. A fost pree- diator who can help them identify a Justice, with the support of the US
dat i formeaz i o prim impre- dintele Uniunii Centrelor de Mediere solution but someone to relate with Embassy to Romania. He was the
sie n legtur cu eficiena medierii, din Romnia n perioada 2005-2009, on a personal level. Clients and the president of the Union of Media-
impresie pe care, de regul, o gene- vicepreedintele primului Consiliu de lawyers who come to mediation for tion Centers from Romania between
ralizeaz. n cazul n care, la final, Mediere i ncepnd cu anul 2008 este the first time get a first impression 2005-2009, vice-president of the
apreciaz ca pozitiv medierea, este membru al Independent Standards about the efficiency of mediation, first Mediation Council and mem-
posibil ca i pe viitor s ncerce Commission de pe lng International an impression that, usually, is gen- ber, starting 2008, of the Independ-
aceast soluie, sau chiar s apeleze Mediation Institute, Olanda. ncepnd eralized. If, finally, they consider ent Standards Commission with
la acelai mediator. cu anul 2009 este membru n Consiliul mediation positive, it is likely for International Mediation Institute,
Din punct de vedere al acceptrii Consultativ al Lord Slynn of Hadley them to try this solution in the fu- Holland. Starting 2009 he is mem-
culturale a medierii, persoanele se European Law Foundation i din anul ture also or even resort to the same ber in the Consultative Council of
mpart n trei tipologii: conservato- 2010 a obinut certificarea IMI (IMI mediator. Lord Slynn of Hadley European Law
rii, inovatorii i indiferenii. Certified Mediator). Din anul 2010 In terms of cultural acceptance Foundation and in 2012 he obtained
Cu fiecare mediere reuit, nu- este panelist JAMS International i of mediation, people fall into three the IMI certification (IMI Certified
mrul inovatorilor va crete n mod ncepnd cu septembrie 2011 este types: conservative, innovators and Mediator). Since 2010, he is listed
natural i autentic. Aceasta trebuie contributor kluwermediationblog. indifferent. on the Panel of JAMS International
s fie strategia principal pentru ac- com. nc din anul 2002 Adi Gavril a With each successful media- and stating September 2011 he is a
ceptarea cultural a medierii. participat la organizarea i construcia tion, the number of innovators will contributor for kluwermediationblog.
de sisteme ADR n Romnia i str- grow naturally and genuinely. This com. As early as 2002 Adi Gavrila
CONCLUZII intate, participnd ca organizator should be the main strategy for cul- participated oin the organization
Cu toate c medierea a crescut sau invitat la numeroase conferine i tural acceptance of mediation. and construction of ADR systems in
foarte mult n ultimii 10 ani, un nu- congrese organizate n Romnia, Slo- Romania and abroad, participating
mr extrem de redus de mediatori, vacia, Croaia, Austria, Marea Brita- CONCLUSIONS as organizer or guest in numerous
care de regul au i calitatea de for- nie, Italia, Frana sau Statele Unite ale Although mediation has grown conferences and congresses organ-
matori, a putut beneficia financiar Americii. n octombrie 2009 a obinut quite a lot in the last 10 years, an ized in Romania, Slovakia, Croatia,
de aceast dezvoltare. Premiul pentru Leadership Remarca- extremely low number of me- Austria, Great Britain, Italy, France
Cu toate c oferta de servicii de bil (Outstanding Leadership Award) diators, who usually have a trainer or the US. In October 2009, he ob-
mediere depete cu mult cere- din partea seciunii internaionale a quality, could benefit financially tained the Outstanding Leadership
rea pentru aceste servicii, un nu- Asociaiei pentru Soluionarea Con- from this development. Although Award from the International Sec-
mr considerabil de persoane i flictelor, SUA (Association for Conflict the offer of mediation services ex- tion of the Association for Conflict
ndreapt atenia spre profesia de Resolution, SUA) n cadrul Conferinei ceeds much the demand for these Resolution, USA, within the Annual 27
mediator, cu anse mari de intrare Anuale care a avut loc la Atlanta, SUA. services, a considerable number of conference held in Atlanta, US.
 medierea, tehnic i art

MEDIATORUL LIANT SOCIAL THE MEDIATOR AS SOCIAL LINK

Prezentare sustinuta in cadrul conferintei Medierea aproape de tine Presentation held within the conference Mediation close to you organ-
organizata de Uniunea Centrelor de Mediere din Romania, partener al Fe- ized by the Union of Mediation Centers from Romania, partner of Federal
deral Mediation and Conciliation Service U.S.A., impreuna cu Institutul Mediation and Conciliation Service Washington DC, U.S.A., together with
Diplomatic Roman, Bucuresti, 4 decembrie 2011 the Romanian Diplomatic Institute, Bucharest, december 4, 2011

Blessed are the peacemakers: for lor clientului su. Mediatorul nu ia Blessed are the peacemakers: for through the eyes of both parties, of-
they shall be called the children of partea nimnui, ci ncearc s vad, they shall be called the children of fering them a mutually acceptable
God (Matthew 5:9) pe rnd, prin ochii ambelor pri, God (Matthew 5:9) solution. He is somewhat close to

i cu adevr mediatorii sunt f-
ctori de pace i au fost din cele
mai vechi timpuri. Tnr ca
organizare i reglementare, medi-
erea ca activitate a fost crucial n
ntreaga istorie a omenirii. De la
primii tlmaci ntre triburile care
se ntlneau din ntmplare, i pn
la giganii diplomaiei moderne
(Martti Ahtisaari1, Desmond Tutu2)
mediatorul este traductorul, lian-
tul dintre prile aflate n disput,
punndu-i tactul n slujba unei
soluionri panice pentru cele mai
variate nenelegeri.
ntr-un fel, cu toii suntem me-
diatori, atunci cnd inspiraia i
gndul bun ne ndeamn s apli-
cm fora raiunii n loc de raiunea se pot identifica, i deci pe care o
forei. De la printele grijuliu care
i explic lui Tom c poate ar tre-
bui s mpart prjiturile cu Tina,
n schimbul unor jucrii, pn la
agentul de poliie care aplaneaz
un conflict ntre grupuri violente,
i pn la diplomatul care propune
soluia unui conflict transfrontalier
aparent intractabil, cu toii nde-
plinesc aceeai misiune aceea de
a transforma confruntarea ntr-o
oportunitate reciproc.
Diferena dintre astfel de per-
soane i mediatorul profesionist
este dat de dedicaie i pregtire.
Oricine poate ncerca, cu instinct i
bun sim, s soluioneze o situaie
ncordat, dar numai un mediator
profesionist are capacitatea de a se
detaa de problem, de a o privi
dintr-un punct de vedere neutru,
i de a vedea acele propuneri care
le-ar putea avantaja pe ambele pri.
Pe de o parte, cere har; iar pe de alt
parte, cere tiin, simul dorinelor
i caracterelor umane.
Mediatorul se afl ntr-o poziie
foarte dificil, undeva ntre jude-
ctor i consilierul marital. Nu este
judector, pentru c soluiile lui
nu au putere de lege. Oamenii se
adreseaz lui tocmai pentru c nu
doresc s se supun unui edict care
s-ar putea s-i nemulumeasc, i
nici s parcurg procedurile greoa-
ie ale justiiei. El nu este un avocat
pentru c avocatul are o misiune
clar i evident aprarea, prin
toate mijloacele legale a interese-
1 Fost preedinte al Finlandei, actual- lui i nelegerea comun (sau nu) a
mente mediator de conflict, cu reuite n Ko- termenului d msura caracterului
sovo.
2 Arhiepiscop al Africii de Sud, a avut mizrii i individualizrii societii
28 un rol important n demascarea crimelor noastre faptul c doi oameni cad
apartheid-ului, promovnd mesajul pcii
pentru toi cei implicai.
A
propunndu-le o soluie reciproc nd indeed mediators are marriage counselor, because par-
acceptabil. El este oarecum apro- peacemakers and have been ties come to him (or should come)
piat de consilierul marital, deoare- since ancient times. Young with an open heart, expressing their
ce la el prile vin (sau ar trebui s as organization and regulation, me- wishes in natural, real, not formal,
vin) cu inima deschis, exprimn- diation as an activity was crucial legal terms.
du-i dorinele n termeni naturali, in the history of mankind. From Heres how the mediator is in the
reali, i nu formali, juridici. the first interpreter among tribes midst of conflict, without holding
Iat cum mediatorul se afl n who met by chance, to the giants in his hands the sword of Justice, or
mijlocul conflictului, fr a avea of modern diplomacy (Martti the shield of a lawyer. What weapon
n mn sabia Justiiei i nici scu- Ahtisaari1, Desmond Tutu2), the does he have? Basically, the very
tul avocatului. Ce arm are el? n mediator is the translator, the link desire of the parties. Expressing his
principal, nsi dorinele prilor. between the parties in dispute, views on the issue, the parties en-
Exprimndu-i viziunea asupra putting his tact in the service of a trust the mediator with their ideal.
problemei, prile i ncredineaz peaceful settlement for most vari- By giving them a solution that com-
mediatorului idealul lor. Oferindu- ous misunderstandings. bines their ideals, as much as pos-
le o soluie care mbin idealurile, Somehow, we are all media- sible, the mediator offers a proposal
pe ct de mult posibil, mediatorul tors, when inspiration and good in which the parties can identify,
ofer o propunere n care prile thoughts force us to apply the force therefore they can accept. Assum-
of reason instead of reason of force. ing the solution by the parties rep-
pot accepta. Asumarea soluiei de From the carrying father, who ex- resents the mediators weapon, and
ctre pri este arma mediatorului, plains Tom that maybe he should given its highly intellectual nature,
i, prin natura sa nalt intelectual, share cakes with Tina in exchange it is a weapon as powerful as it is
este o arm pe ct de puternic pe for toys, to the police officer who difficult to use.
att de greu de folosit. solves conflicts between violent
groups, and to the diplomat who ****
**** proposes solutions to an apparently All we like sheep have gone
All we like sheep have gone as- unsolvable cross-border conflict, all astray; we have turned every one
tray; we have turned every one to fulfill the same mission to trans- to his own way; and the Lord hath
his own way; and the Lord hath form confrontation into a mutual laid on him the iniquity of us all
laid on him the iniquity of us all opportunity. (Isaiah 53:6)
(Isaiah 53:6) The difference between such per- Modern society is in an almost
Societatea modern este ntr- sons and professional mediator is irreversibly atomization process.
un proces, aproape ireversibil, de given by dedication and training. We become more sedentary, more
atomizare. Devenim mai sedentari, Anyone can try, with instinct and solitary, more selfish at the ex-
mai solitari, mai egoiti, n dauna common sense, to resolve a tense pense of others. At the same time,
celorlali. n acelai timp, prin dez- situation, but only a professional by developing trade, crowded me-
voltarea comerului, a metropolelor mediator has the ability to sepa- tropolises, social networks, but also
aglomerate, a reelelor sociale, dar rate the problem, seeing it from a because of scarcer resources, we are
i din cauza mpuinrii resurselor, neutral point of view, and see those increasingly entering into relation-
intrm din ce n ce mai mult n ra- proposals that could be beneficial ships with conflict potential. From
porturi cu potenial de conflict. De for both parties. On the one hand, the complaints between block
la nemulumirile dintre vecinii din- it requires grace, and on the other, neighbors to strategic moves to
tr-un bloc, pn la micrile strate- it requires knowledge, sense of de- grab a resource or another, comple-
gice destinate a acapara o resurs sires and human character. mentary of ideas and actions leaves
sau alta, complementaritatea ideilor The mediator is in a very difficult room for contradiction.
i aciunilor las loc contradiciei. position, somewhere between a The mediator is the one who, by
Mediatorul este cel care, apelnd judge and marriage counselor. He appealing to our common human-
la umanitatea noastr comun, ne is not a judge, because his solution ity, helps us rediscover that working
ajut s redescoperim c lucrul n does not have the force of law. Peo- together is more productive for all
comun este mai productiv pentru ple address him precisely because parties than working separately.
toate prile dect lucrul separat. they do not wish to submit to a rul- The mediator has also the role
Mediatorul are i rolul de a cris- ing that might displease them, or to crystallize concepts that have
taliza noiuni care au fost uitate. to go through harsh procedures of been forgotten. Studying the New
Cercetnd Noul Cod Civil, aflm justice. He is not a lawyer because Civil Code, we find that the term
c termenul rezonabil (termen the lawyer has a clear mission to reasonable (reasonable term,
rezonabil, pre rezonabil, mod defend his clients interests, by reasonable price, etc.) appears 51
rezonabil etc.) apare de 51 de ori. all lawful means. The mediator times. There are as many oppor-
Sunt tot attea ocazii de conflict. does not take sides but tries to see tunities for conflict. Reasonable
Rezonabil este culmea subiectivu- is the height of subjectivity and
1 Former president of Finland, cur- common understanding (or not)
rently conflict mediator, with successes in of the term gives the measure of
unei societi. Este un semn al ato- Kosovo a societys character. The fact that
2 Archiepiscopate of South Africa, with two people hardly agree on what
an important role in unrevealing the crimes is reasonable in a given situation
of apartheid, promoting peace message for
greu de acord asupra a ce este re- all involved represents a sign of atomization
 medierea, tehnic i art

zonabil ntr-o situaie dat. **** and individualization of our society. damental social bonding in mod-
Aici intervine mediatorul, cel Iat cum mediatorul este un liant This is where the mediator inter- ern society. But there are obstacles
care ascultnd, explicnd, mode- social fundamental n societatea mo- venes, who by listening, explain- in his work, and I will refer specifi-
rnd, are rolul de a evita litigiile i dern. ns exist i piedici n activi- ing, moderating, has the role to cally to the situation in Romania.
de a crea o nou nelegere social tatea lui, dintre care m voi referi n avoid litigation and create a new His Majesty King Michael I of
n diferite situaii: n interpretarea mod special la situaia din Romnia. social understanding in different Romania said in one of his in-
contractelor, n repararea daunelor, Majestatea Sa Regele Mihai I al situations: the interpretation of terviews regarding the damage
n relaiile dintre soi, n relaiile Romniei spunea, ntr-unul dintre contracts, damage repair, relations brought by communism, that per-
dintre administraie i administrai. interviurile sale referitoare la dau- between spouses, relations between haps the greatest crime of the re-
Numai sptmna aceasta, mari, nele produse de comunism, c poa- the administration and subjects. gime was the destruction of trust
29 noiembrie Comisia European te cea mai mare crim a regimului On November 29, 2011 the Euro- between people. It was a crime
a prezentat proiectul unui pachet a fost distrugerea ncrederii dintre pean Commission presented a leg- whose effects are seen even today
legislativ pentru evitarea procedu- oameni. Este o crim ale crei efec- islative package draft to avoid legal and take long to heal. People today
rilor judiciare dintre consumatorii te se vd i astzi i mai au mult proceedings between consumers do not come to mediation because
i comercianii angajai n comerul pn se vor vindeca. Oamenii nu and traders engaged in cross-bor- they do not have confidence. They
electronic transfrontalier, pachet le- vin la mediator astzi pentru c nu der electronic trade, a legislative dont trust the mediator, or the op-
gislativ care acord cel mai impor- au ncredere. Nu au ncredere nici package providing the most im- ponent or the idea they could reach
tant loc unui nou serviciu european n el, nici n adversar i nici n ideea portant place for a new European a compromise not imposed by a
de mediere, care va avea rolul de c s-ar putea ajunge la un compro- mediation service, whose role is to higher authority. They seek justice,
soluionare amiabil a disputelor, la mis care s nu fie impus de o autori- settle disputes amiably, at low costs. not compromise. They find abso-
costuri reduse. tate superioar. Ei caut justiie, nu Therefore, the saving of social lute solutions rather than negoti-
Pe umerii mediatorului st, deci, compromis. Caut soluii absolute resources lies in the hands of the ated agreements.
economisirea resurselor sociale, n loc de nelegeri negociate. mediator, as well as avoidance of There are many ways the pro-
prin evitarea conflictelor i coo- Sunt multe moduri n care pro- conflicts and cooperation between fession can overcome this barrier.
perarea dintre actorii economici i fesia poate depi aceast barier. economic and political actors. Perhaps the most important and
politici. Poate cel mai important i eficient effective is linked to professional
**** ine de identitatea profesiei, unul **** identity, one of todays confer-
Activitatea de mediere ia o form dintre subiectele conferinei de Mediation activity takes specific, ence topics. The very fact that you
specific, specializat, n diferite astzi. nsi faptul c dorii s specialized form in different social want to access the best practices
raporturi sociale. Personal, sunt accedei la cele mai bune practici relations. Personally, I am closer and knowledge is laudable and will
mai apropiat de lumea protocolu- i cunotine este meritoriu, i va to the world of protocol and diplo- serve to create a professional work-
lui i a diplomaiei. Coordonatorul avea rolul crerii unui mediu pro- macy. Protocol coordinators, just ing environment. Another way to
protocolului, ca i diplomatul, sunt fesionist de lucru. Un alt mod de a like diplomats, represent mediators give prestige to the profession is its
mediatori ntre persoane, persona- da prestigiu profesiei este speciali- between the people, personalities, specialization. Apart from judicial
liti, egouri, interese i ri. Din zarea acesteia. Pe lng mediatorii egos, interests and countries. From mediators and diplomat mediators,
experiena proprie, cel mai greu de judiciari i mediatorii diplomai ar own experience, the hardest to beat there should be mediators special-
ntrecut sunt primele personalit- trebui s existe mediatori pe dome- are the first ones personalities ized on different areas, even more
ile i egourile lor. La orice nivel al nii, chiar mai tehnice, n faa crora and their egos. At any level of so- technical, so that the parties ex-
societii, oamenii, prin natura lor, prile specialiti sau avocaii lor ciety, people, by their nature, want perts or their lawyers come and
i doresc ca locul lor n ierarhia so- s vin, i s discute la nivel tehnic their place in the social hierarchy discuss at technical level, in order
cial s le fie recunoscut. Cei care pentru a ajunge la o soluie simpl to be recognized. Those who hold to reach a simple solution to com-
dein puterea real, doresc s accea- la probleme complexe. real power want to access that so- plex problems.
d la acel statut social unde ea s le De asemenea, profesia are nevo- cial status where it is recognized. Also, the profession needs hu-
fie recunoscut. i rile sunt la fel. ie de ancore umane n mentalul Countries are the same. The iden- man anchors in collective mind.
Identitatea unei ri este construit colectiv. Aici avei un mare avan- tity of a country is built on the self- Here you have a great advantage.
pe poziia auto-perceput n socie- taj. Nu exist mediatori cunoscui perceived position in the League of There is no mediator with a nega-
tatea naiunilor. public n mod negativ. Avei deci Nations. tive image. Take the opportunity to
Cheia mediatorului-ofier de oportunitatea ca din interiorul pro- The key of the mediator pro- raise within the profession few up-
protocol i a mediatorului-diplo- fesiei s se ridice cteva persoane tocol officer and the mediator right individuals, with a high social
mat este s aplaneze egourile, l- integre, cu o nalt statur social diplomat is to settle egos, leaving stature, with whom the profession
snd liber calea dialogului pe fond. cu care, prin ricoeu, s fie asociat room for dialogue on the merits. It will be associated. Through them,
Este uimitor ct de minore pot fi profesia. Prin ei, prin aceti amba- is amazing how small gestures can through these ambassadors of me-
gesturile care determin o persona- sadori ai medierii, v vei atrage n- make a person or representative of diation, you will attract peoples
litate sau reprezentantul unui stat s crederea oamenilor i i vei deter- a State accept constructive dialogue. confidence and will make them
accepte dialogul constructiv. Poate mina s acorde o ans metodelor It may be the acceptance of being in give a chance to alternative meth-
fi vorba de precedena la plecarea alternative de rezolvare a disputelor. the second line in an official convey, ods of dispute resolution.
ntr-o coloan; poate fi vorba de Dar mai ales, pentru ca profesia it may be better seats at a show or But above all, for your profession
asigurarea unor locuri mai bune la dumneavoastr s aib un viitor, at a dinner, it may even be a ridicu- to have a future, you must cultivate
un spectacol sau la un dineu; poa- trebuie s cultivai ncrederea n so- lous topic, but on which the parties trust in society and among profes-
te fi chiar un subiect derizoriu, dar cietate i ntre profesioniti. Trebuie may agree. sionals. You should promote ex-
asupra cruia prile pot cdea de s promovai exemplele de bune The mediator is the fly on the wall amples of good practice, situations
acord. practici, situaiile n care partenerii that observes, proposes, greases the when business partners had confi-
Mediatorul este musca de pe pe- de afaceri au avut ncredere i au wheels of the system and, once it dence and won together, when con-
rete care observ, propune, unge ctigat mpreun, n care vecinii sees the parties begin to discuss, flicting neighbors have rediscov-
roile sistemului i, odat ce a vzut vrjmai i-au redescoperit un mo- takes notes and crystallizes the so- ered an acceptable modus vivendi,
c prile au nceput s discute, ia dus vivendi acceptabil, n care co- lutions they reach. Of course, in the when the community has entrusted
notie i cristalizeaz soluiile la munitatea i-a acordat ncrederea end, the credit belongs to them, not its confidence to leaders, who paid
care ele ajung. Desigur c, la sfr- unor lideri, care au rspltit-o prin to the diplomat. It is a feature of the it back with integrity and profes-
it, meritul le aparine lor, i nu integritate i profesionalism. profession, and the reason why dip- sionalism.
diplomatului. Este o caracteristic lomats are among the most inter-
a profesiei, i motivul pentru care Av. Ioan-Luca Vlad esting discussion partners: always Lawyer Ioan-Luca Vlad
diplomaii sunt printre cei mai Avocat n Baroul Bucureti, the so-called fly on the wall has Lawyer with the Bucharest Bar,
interesani parteneri de discuie: Consilier Privat Onorific al Familiei a more complete picture of history. Honorific Private Adviser to Royal
ntotdeauna aa-zisa musc de pe Regale a Romniei, Cancelarul De- Family of Romania, the Chancellor
perete are o imagine mai complet coraiilor Regale, fost coordonator al **** of the Royal Decorations, former 29
asupra istoriei. Protocolului Regal Heres how the mediator is a fun- coordinator of the Royal Protocol.
 medierea, tehnic i art
MEDIEREA INTERNAIONAL
MEDIEREA N AFRICA
Prezentare sustinuta in cadrul conferintei Medierea aproape de tine
organizata de Uniunea Centrelor de Mediere din Romania, partener al Fe-
deral Mediation and Conciliation Service U.S.A., impreuna cu Institutul
Diplomatic Roman, Bucuresti, 4 decembrie 2011
Onorabila Asistenta cand liderii tradiionali au abdicat
Doamnelor si domnilor, n favoarea autoritea colonista.
As dori in primul rand sa ii mul- Este evident regretabil faptul c in
tumesc d-lui Mugur Mitroi pentru cautarea consensului, totusi, simbo-
invitatia lui la aceasta conferinta si lul fundamental de a discuta urmea-
a-mi acorda privilegiul de a vorbi in z s fie stins treptat iar, n cele din
fata acestei honorabile adunari. urm dispare n cadrul rigid i eu-
Ceea ce este important cand sun- ropenizat a statului african, modern.
tem mediatori, este in primul rand
formarea pe care am primit-o dupa Conflictele...
aceea vine predispozitie mediato- Astazi Africa este scena unui nu-
rului, pozitionarea sa, conceptia mr tot mai mare de crize. Mai mult
sa al omului, toate aceste aspecte de douzeci de ri triesc una sau
sunt fundamentale pentru a insotii mai multe situaii de conflict sau de
schimbarile si transformarile con- rzboi civil.
flictuale. n ciuda eforturilor depuse de
Fiecare persoana poate fi in ca- organizaii sub-regionale, Uniunea
uza in consideratiile discutate. Dar Africana i comunitatea internai-
mediatorul care intervine in situatii onal, Africa rmne continentul
si situatii considerate dificile sau conflictelor. Principala caracteristi-
delicate, acest profesional al acom- c a acestor conflicte este c acestea
paniamentul gandiri, trebuie sa sunt intra-statale, astfel ca sa limi-
aiba mare grija atitudini si compor- teaz la interiorul unui singur stat.
tamentul lui si in final retorica sa. Ele au adesea un caracter de violen-
Mediatorul trebuie sa aiba bine rar, cu acte de brutalitate i de
ancorate distancierea sa pentru a genocid, aa cum gasim n Rwanda,
nu se aprinde intr-un conflic care Liberia i Sierra Leone.
nu il priveste. Impartial si neutru, Aceste conflicte, deschise sau
trebuie sa stie sa argumenteze, in el latente endemice, sunt principala
aceasta pozitionare nefireasca tre- surs de instabilitate i de srcie
buie sa fie ferm instalata. Sa se absti- n Africa.
na in sinea lui de orice comentariu.
Scurt, dupa formarea lui, medi- Selecia mediatorilor...
atorul sa reintoarce intotdeauna nu O echip de mediatori ar trebui
pentru a urmari calea lui, dar pen- s fie formata, ori de cte ori este
tru a intretine si dezvolta constant posibil, de personalitati cu calitati
aceasta cale, cum am facut in ulti- incontestabile, att n termeni
de
mile trei zile. moralitate i n termeni de etic i
Dar, exista o intrebare care ma n plus, cu o experien suficient
framanta aceea, daca mediatorul n negocieri diplomatice.
poate fi influentat de cultura sa, Cat despre mediator, pentru a
educatia sa, poate gestiona conflic- crete ansele lui de succes trebuie
te in afara culturi lui, teritoriul si neaprat sa fie impregnat de cultu-
limba sa. Doresc sa abordez astazi ra i istoria protagonitilor. Acesta
exemplul Africi continent unde o trebuie s se asigure, n perspectiva
tara poate sa aiba mai multe limbi africana, pstrararea onoarea tutu-
exemplu Cameroun (279), sau Ni- ror.
geria (521), si despre medierea in Numai n acest fel se poate sa re-
Africa, continent recunoscut pen- aduca armonia si pacea.
tru excelenta diplomatilor lui.
Medierea find un mecanism Probleme actuale n
pentru rezolvarea conflictelor este domeniul medierii n Africa ...
inerenta culturi africane unde dis- Ele sunt numeroase i de natur
cutiile au favorizat intotdeauna idea diferit. Un exemplu este alegerea
de conciliere si de buna intelegere, unor personaliti, care este uneori
permitand organizarea si prezerva- discutabil.
rea pacii. O alt problem este neconfor-
Pe acest continent, ambasade mitatea i punerea n aplicare a
mobile si proceduri de acest gen au acordurilor prin care protagonistul
existat intotdeauna. pare c detine puine anse s ias kind have always existed. Inter- nist seems to have little chance to
Intermediari poligloti care fa- victorioas n conflict.
ceau parte din aceste structuri erau n plus, nu este neobinuit, dar
considerati intodeauna pacificatori. exist probleme de leadership.
Agentii diplomatiei oralitati, erau Medierea africana, de asemenea,
30 numii de ctre conductorii din sufer de o lips de respect i cre- the rulers of Africa. They have fers from a lack of respect and
Africa. Ei i-au pierdut legitimitatea dibilitate.
INTERNATIONAL MEDIATION
MEDIATION IN AFRICA
Presentation held within the conference Mediation close to you organ-
ized by the Union of Mediation Centers from Romania, partner of Federal
Mediation and Conciliation Service Washington DC, U.S.A., together with
the Romanian Diplomatic Institute, Bucharest, december 4, 2011
Honourable Assistance tional leaders have abdicated their
Ladies and Gentlemen, authority in favor of the colon. It
I want to thank first of all Mr. is obviously regrettable that this
Mugur Mitroi for having invited consensus, however, fundamental
me to this conference and thus symbol of palaver, to be gradually
granted me the privilege to speak faded and finally disappear in the
before this honorable assembly. rigid frame and Europeanization
What is important when we are of the African state, the so-called
mediators, is first the training we modern.
received, then the disposition of
the mediator, its positioning, its The conflicts...
conception of humanity, all the Today Africa is the scene of an
fundamental aspects to accompa- increasing number of crises. More
ny the changes of the inseparable than twenty countries live one or
conflict transformation. more situations of conflict or civil
Each person can be affected by war.
the considerations discussed. But Despite the best efforts of the
the mediator who intervenes in sub-regional organizations, the
situations known as difficult or African Union and the interna-
sensitive, the professional sup- tional community, Africa remains
port of reflection, should par- the continent of conflicts. The
ticularly pay attention to these main feature of these conflicts
attitudes and behaviors and finely is that they are intra-state, thus
its rhetoric. confined within a single state.
The mediator must be securely They are often a character of rare
anchored his distance so as not violence with acts of brutality and
to ignite the conflict, which does genocide as in Rwanda, Liberia
not concern him. Impartial and and Sierra Leone.
neutral, he must know the argu- These conflicts, open or latent
ments for it in the unusual posi- endemic, are the main source of
tion that is firmly installed. He instability and poverty in Africa.
must know to silence him from
commenting. The selection of media-
Short time after its formation, tors...
the mediator comes down not to A team of mediators should be
pursue the path, but tomaintain incorporated, wherever possible,
and develop constantly as we figures adorned with indisput-
have to do these days. able qualities, both in terms of
But there is one question that morality and in terms of ethics
arises if the mediator can be in- and that furthermore, sufficient
fluenced by culture,education experience in diplomatic nego-
and if he does manage conflicts tiations. Back to the mediator; it
outside its culture, language and to increase its chances of success
territory, thats why I want to must necessarily absorb the cul-
touch today the example of Af- ture and history of the protago-
rica continent or country which nists. It must ensure, in the Afri-
can have several languages such can perspective, to preservation
as Cameroon (279), and Nigeria of honor of all. Only by doing so
(521), and mediation in Africa, it can restore harmony and peace.
a continent known for the excel-
lence of its diplomats. Current issues in media-
Mediation is a dispute resolu- tion in Africa...
tion mechanism is inherent in They are numerous and of dif-
African culture where palaver has ferent nature. An example is the
always favored the idea of recon- choice of personalities, which is
ciliation and harmony, allowing sometimes questionable. Another
to organize and preserve peace. problem is the non-compliance
On the continent, mobile em- and the implementation of the
bassies and procedures of this agreements by which the protago-
mediaries component polyglot emerge victorious in the conflict.
these structures were often peace- In addition, it is not uncommon
makers. Agents of diplomacy of for there are problems of leader-
orality, they were appointed by ship. African mediation also suf-
lost their legitimacy when tradi- credibility. There is reason to be-

Exist motive s credem c Afri- cheiat cu acordul de la Alger in 1975.
ca este exclusa atunci cnd este
vorba de solutionarea conflictelor
proprii. De exemplu Libia.
n ciuda acestui fapt, optimismul
este present, deoarece, naintea tu-
turor conflictelor , Africa este n
primul rnd un tarm de dezbatere.
Exemple de ri care
exceleaz n domeniul
medierii...
Unele ri din Africa par s str- data in favoarea Romniei.
luceasc n domeniul medierii pre-
cum Africa de Sud, Algeria, Gabon,
Senegal si multe altele ...
n Africa de Sud a existat trauma
apartheidului, n Senegal, mai sunt
i continu s aib probleme pe te- tam c medierea nu este numai un
ritoriul su.
Este necesar s precizam faptul
c, dac Senegal nu are aceeai pu- lucru, oermite sa fi prezent pentru
tere materiala, ca Africa de Sud, este
totusi o ara ce afieaza o ofensiv sau cultura.
diplomatic ce duce, n prezena ce-
tenilor si, in instante decizionale
ale organizaiilor internaionale.
Pentru Algeria, diplomaia, are la
activ, soluionarea conflictului teri-
torial dintre Irak i Iran, care s-a n-
Nevoia justitiabilului roman
D F
e ceva timp ma gandesc, caut
si ma intreb de ce ar avea
nevoie justitiabilul roman
pentru a apela la o cale alternativa
de rezolvare a disputelor, in speta
MEDIERE?
M-am pus in papucii unui ceta-
tean oarecare, care este trimis, care-
si doreste, sau care a auzit de medie-
re ca si cale alternativa de rezolvare
amiabila a conflictelor.
Ce trebuie sa faca un
justitiabil?
Primul lucru care trebuie sa-l
faca un cetatean care cauta mediere
este sa deschida Tabloul Mediatori-
lor de pe internet din site-ul Consi-
liului de Mediere sau al Ministeru-
lui de Justitie. Daca nu are internet
si nu stie sa caute, atunci trebuie
sa mearga numai la judecatoriile
unde acest Tablou este afisat. Care
sunt acestea? Normal, ar fi oricare
dintre ele. Practic, lucrurile nu stau
tocmai asa.
Poate daca l-ar ajuta si Prima-
ria, Consiliul local, Politia, Scoala
sau Spitalul, afisand la sediile lor
acest Tablou, cetateanul ar fi mult
mai avantajat. Pana la urma, aces-
te institutii ale statului nu trebuie
sa vina in ajutorul cetatenilor? Nu
sunt ei in slujba contribuabililor?
Nu ar trebui sa-l ajute sa-i fie mai
usor atunci cand are probleme?
Cum alegem un mediator?
Dar sa mergem mai departe.
Presupunand ca acest Tablou a
De asemenea a solutionat criza di-
ficila iraniano-americana, numita
si criza ostaticilor de la Ambasada
SUA din Teheran, iar negocierile au
fost conduse de Ministrul de Exter-
ne algerian. Semnarea tratatului de
pace dintre Etiopia i Eritreea, n
2000, sub patronajul Preediniei
algeriane, sau a oferit sprijin Rom-
niaei n disputa cu Ucraina pentru
insula Serpilor, hotrrea CIJ fiind
South AfricaAlgeria and Gabon, on the Serpent Island, the ICJ rul-
Noi trebuie s inem cont cu
siguran de natura i evoluia di-
feritelor tipuri de conflicte pentru
a preveni crizele si rezolvarea lor
n mod corespunztor, i sa nu ui-
on its territory. It is necessary to erly on one side and did not for-
mijloc de a preveni i rezolva con-
flictelor, ci sa fi format pentru acest
tine si pentru altii orcat ar fi limba
Africa ne il arata atat bine.
Nadjet Karabenrou Paduret
Presedinta a Camerei de Comert
Bilaterale romano-algeriene,
mediator
fost gasit, justitiabilul trebuie sa-si
aleaga un mediator. Care ar putea fi
criteriile de alegere ale unui medi-
ator, o persoana necunoscuta, care
are un nume si un numar de telefon
trecute intr-un tabel?
Criterii de baza ar fi:
1. Locatia sa fie in acelasi judet/
oras/sector cat mai aproape
si cat mai comod pentru cei ce
doresc mediere
2. Activ sa functioneze practic,
conform legilor privind proce-
sul de mediere autorizat, avi-
zat, inregistrat la fisc, etc.
3. Prompt sa raspunda in timp
util apelului telefonic sau e-
mail-ului de solicitare, max. 1 zi
4. Eficace sa stabileasca un prim
contact in max. 3 zile privind se-
dinta de mediere
5. Cost redus sa aiba un onorariu
realist si multumitor, conform
cazului adus in mediere
Alte criterii de dorit ar fi:
1. Profesionalism pregatire te-
meinica in domeniul medierii
2. Competenta specializare in
alte diverse domenii decat me-
diere
3. Eficienta indrumare abila
pentru gasirea solutiilor prin
mediere
4. Perseverenta rabdare, tact si
implicare in multumirea parti-
lor prin mediere
Pe langa obligatiile mediatorului,
din lege, aceste criterii pot cantari
greu in luarea deciziilor justitiabi-
lilor.
medierea, tehnic i art
lieve that Africa is ruled out when Agreement in 1975. The Algerian
the settlement of its own conflicts. diplomacy has succeeded in solv-
Example of Libya. ing the difficult crisis Iranian-
Despite this, optimism is still American, called hostage crisis
required because, prior to land of the U.S. embassy in Tehran
conflicts, Africa is first and fore- negotiations led by the Algerian
most land of debate. Foreign Ministry. Signing of the
peace treaty between Ethiopia
Examples of countries and Eritrea in 2000 under the
that excels in mediation... auspices of the Algerian presi-
Some countries in Africa seem dency, or the support to Romania
to shine in the field of mediation, during the dispute with Ukraine
Senegal and much more... In ing in for Romania.
South Africa there was the trau- We must certainly keep in
ma of apartheid, as in Senegal, mind the nature and evolution
this country has experienced and of different types of conflict to
continues to experience problems prevent and resolve crises prop-
clarify that if Senegal did not have get that mediation does not only
the same physical power asSouth means to prevent and resolve
Africa, however, the country dis- conflicts, but is also important to
played a diplomatic offensive will be formed and get to know more
result in thepresence of its citi- about language or culture, Africa
zens in the decision-making of shows us well.
international organizations. For
Algeria, its diplomacy, has to his Nadjet Karabernou Paduret
credit the settlement of the ter- President of bilateral Chamber of
ritorial conflict between Iraq and Commerce Romanian-Alegerian,
Iran that ended with the Algiers Mediator
The need of Romanian justice seekers
or some time I have been must choose a mediator. Which are
thinking, searching and won- the criteria for picking a mediator,
dering about what the justice a person not known, who only has
seekers would need to turn to alter- a name and a phone number filled
native means of dispute resolution, in the Panel?
namely mediation? The main criteria:
I put myself into a regular citi- 1. location to be in the same
zens shoes, who is sent to, wants, or county/city/district, in order to
has heard about mediation as an al- be as close and as comfortable
ternative way of resolving conflicts possible for those who seek me-
amicably. diation
2. active to function practically,
What should a justice seeker according to laws on mediation
do? process to be authorized, regis-
The first thing a citizen seeking tered with the fiscal authority etc.
mediation should do is to navigate 3. prompt to answer promptly
on the internet and open the Panel to the phone or email, in maxi-
of Mediators listed on the Media- mum 1 day
tion Councils or the Ministry of 4. efficient to settle a contact in
Justices website. If that person maximum 3 days regarding the
does not have access to Internet mediation session
or does not know to search for it, 5. low cost to have a realistic and
then he/she should go to the only satisfying charge, according to
courts where this Panel is displayed. the case brought to mediation
Which are these courts? Normally, Other desirable criteria:
it should be any of them. However, 1. Professionalism significant
in practice things are not like this. training in mediation field
Maybe if helped by the city hall, 2. Competence specialization in
by the local council, police, school other different areas than me-
or hospital, displaying this Panel, diation
the citizen would be much better. 3. efficiency skillful guidance to
Eventually, these state institutions find solutions through media-
should help the citizens, shouldnt tion
they? Arent they serving the tax- 4. perseverance patience, tact
payers? Shouldnt these authorities and involvement in satisfying
help them when having problems? parties through mediation
Besides the mediators obliga-
How do we choose a mediator? tions stipulated by the law, these
But lets move on. Supposing this criteria may weigh heavily in justice 31
Panel was found, the justice seeker seekers decisions.
 medierea, tehnic i art

Important este ca justitiabilul
sa gaseasca acest mediator. Sa i se
faciliteze calea spre el/ea. Sa stie ca
acest mediator exista si sa mearga
sa-l apeleze atunci cand are nevoie.
Cu cat isi vor rezolva problemele
mai simplu, cu incredere, mai re-
pede, mai bine si cu costuri reduse,
fara a fi obligati sa alerge prin hati-
sul birocratic, cu atat justitiabilii vor
apela mai mult la MEDIERE.
In acest sens, ca prime nevoi ar fi:
1. Tabloul Mediatorilor trebuie sa
fie bine structurat si actualizat
periodic;
2. Tabloul Mediatorilor trebuie sa
fie raspandit in toate colturile
tarii si in toate institutiile pu-
blice;
3. Legislatia sa ajute si sa motiveze
cetateanul sa se inteleaga pe cale
amiabila, civilizat, fara stres si
fara costuri mari, in biroul unui
mediator.
Cateva lucruri simple care ar aju-
ta justitia, cetatenii si pacea sociala.
Credeti ca aceste masuri sunt nece-
sare pentru ca mai multi justitiabili
sa apeleze la mediere? Le putem
privi ca punte de plecare eficiente
venite in intampinarea nevoilor oa-
menilor?
Valeria Ciupitu
Mediator
Important is for the litigants to
find this mediator. To be facilitated
the path to him/her. To know this
mediator exists and turn to him/her
when needed.
The more they solve problems
easier, with confidence, faster, bet-
ter and at low cost, avoiding the
bureaucracy, the more the justice
seekers will use mediation.
In this respect, the main needs
are:
1. The Panel of Mediators should
be well structured and periodi-
cally updated;
2. The Panel of Mediators needs to
be spread all around the country,
in all public institutions;
3. Legislation should help and mo-
tivate the citizens in conciliating
amicably, in a civilized manner,
without stress and high costs, in
the office of a mediator.
Few simple things that might
help justice, citizens and social
peace. Do you consider these meas-
ures necessary so that as many
litigants as possible turn to media-
tion? Can we see them as efficient
starting point to meet the peoples
needs? 
Valeria Ciupitu
Mediator

Medierea n viaa social-politic Mediation in social-political life

Cuvnt nainte
de Prof. Univ. Dr. Liviu-Petru
Zpran - Profesor universitar la
Universitatea Babe-Bolyai, Cluj-
Napoca, ex-raportor academic al
Comisiei Europene pe probleme de
dezvoltare regional i ambasador al
Romniei la Luxemburg
Lucrarea Medierea n viaa so-
cial-politic este consacrat unei
teme cu bogate ramificaii n disci-
plinele socio-umane, dar i cu un
loc din ce n ce mai semnificativ n
structurarea relaiilor dintre oameni
i dintre comunitile umane. Este
evident pentru cel ce parcurge lu-
crarea faptul c medierea, ca un tip
distinct de relaie uman, face obiec-
tul unei abordri pluridisciplinare,
reinnd atenia filosofiei, sociologi-
ei, pedagogiei, dreptului i tiinelor
politice nct a trebuit s opereze att
pe un plan analitic, desluind meca-
nismele medierii n diverse domenii
ale vieii oamenilor ct i pe un plan
sintetic, subsumnd varietatea situa-
iilor n care intervine medierea unui
model teoretic, unei viziuni de natu-
r cuprinztoare.
Din aceast perspectiv medierea
este aezat n cuplu cu conflictul, ca
stare a relaiilor interumane izvor-
t din procesele de identificare ale
actorilor, care, ntr-o situaie dat,
n legtura cu un anumit domeniu
al vieii lor laolalt, adopt, n mod
obiectiv sau subiectiv poziii diferi-
te. ntruct aceast difereniere are
grade de intensitate variate se pune
problema modului de a soluiona
diferendul pentru a asigura relaiei
andurana. Fiind vorba de viaa so-
cial a oamenilor soluionarea con-
flictelor devine imperativ pentru c
este greu de imaginat disoluia unei
societi datorat tensiunilor care o
macin. Cauzalitatea conflictului fi-
ind bogat este fireasc multitudinea
teoriilor care vor s-l explice, dar i a
soluiilor propuse: de la cele pentru
care conflictul ine de natura uma-
n la cele care consider conflictul
32 form de patologie a vieii sociale.
Dar, de la analiza conflictului ca re-
laie trebuie trecut cu necesitate la
analiza subiecilor conflictului care
se determin social i istoric. Nume-
roase teorii s-au construit pornind
de la aceast dimensiune a actorilor
care face ca acelai tip de conflict s
mbrace forme de manifestare dife-
rite, de la o epoc la alta sau de la
o comunitate la alta. Avem cel mai
limpede exemplu n conflictul legat
de controlul i distribuia resurselor
att de diferit astzi fa de epocile
precedente, dar a crui schem ide-
atic se pstreaz.
Lucrarea procedeaz la o tipolo-
gizare a conflictelor pentru a dega-
ja ceea ce am numit o morfologie
a conflictului sau, n terminologia
autoarei, harta lui pe baza creia s
urmreasc prevenirea i soluiona-
rea lui. Rezolvarea conflictelor con-
stituie n zilele noastre un subiect
fierbinte pentru manageri, pentru
educatori, pentru diplomai, pentru
strategii politico-militari, cu toii
fiind convini c alternativele pa-
nice pe care le ofer negocierea i
medierea la conflict aduc economii
nsemnate de energie, de costuri, de
inteligen i resurse materiale, aduc
o valoare adugat relaiilor sociale
dintr-o comunitate i i asigur func-
ionalitatea n opoziie cu conflictul
deschis, cu rzboiul care risipesc bu-
nurile unei comuniti.
ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolu-
tion) se impune n
lumea contempo-
ran ca o expresie
a capacitii aces-
teia de a-i nele-
ge mai bine pro-
blemele, de a-i
raionaliza con-
duitele, de a cuta
s exploateze mai
bine resursele ma-
teriale i umane.
Umbra viitorului,
ca exprimare plas-
tic a cerinei de
a ne construi pre-
zentul n raport
de consecinele pe
FOREWORD resolution becomes imperative
By Liviu-Petru Zpran because it is hard to imagine disso-
professor at the Babe-Bolyai lution of a society due to tensions.
University, Cluj-Napoca, former As the conflict causality is rich, it
academic rapporteur of the Euro- is natural to have many theories
pean Commission on regional af- that try to explain it, but also a
fairs and Romanias Ambassador to multitude of solutions: from those
Luxemburg considering the human nature of
The Mediation in social-po- the conflict to those that consider
litical life paper is dedicated to a conflict as a form of social life pa-
theme with rich ramifications in thology.
socio-human subjects, but also But the analysis of conflict as re-
with a place increasingly more sig- lationship must be followed by the
nificant in structuring the relation- analysis of conflict subjects, which
ship between people and human are determined socially and his-
communities. It is obvious for a torically. Numerous theories have
person who goes through the paper been built on this dimension of
that mediation, as a distinct type of actors who make the same type of
human relationship, is the subject conflict have different manifesta-
of a multidisciplinary approach, re- tions, from one era to another or
taining the attention of philosophy, from one community to another.
sociology, pedagogy, law and polit- We have the clearest example in
ical science that it has to operate at the conflict over the control and
an analytical level, unraveling the distribution of resources, which is
mechanisms of mediation in vari- today so different from previous
ous areas of human life and also at eras, but whose conceptual scheme
a synthetic plan, subsuming the va- is preserved.
riety of situations when mediation The work makes a typology of
occurs to a theoretical model, to a conflicts for releasing what I called
comprehensive vision. a morphology of the conflict or, in
From this perspective, media- the authors words, the map of the
tion is placed in a couple with con- conflict aimed at preventing and
flict, as state of human relations solving it. Conflict resolution is
stemming from the identification nowadays a hot topic for managers,
of the process actors, who, in a for educators, for diplomats, for
given situation, in relation to a political-military strategists, all of
particular area of them being convinced that peace-
their life together, ful alternatives offered by nego-
take different ob- tiation and mediation bring signifi-
jective or subjec- cant energy, cost, intelligence and
tive positions. resources savings, add value to so-
Since this dif- cial relations within a community
ferentiation has and ensure its functionality as op-
various degrees posed to open conflict, war, which
of intensity, there waste community assets.
appears the ques- ADR (Alternative Dispute Reso-
tion of how to re- lution) is required in the contem-
solve the dispute porary world as an expression of
so as to ensure its capacity to better understand its
the relationship problems, to rationalize conduct,
endurance. As we to seek to better exploit material
are talking about and human resources. Shadow of
the social life of the future, as fine expression of the
people, conflict requirement to build our present

care el le are pentru ziua de mine,
impune o raionalizare a conduitelor
chiar dac nu ajungem la a susine
o viziune tehnocratic. Discuiile
din filosofia politic de astzi insist
tocmai asupra acestui aspect al in-
terveniei tot mai ample a raiunii n
organizarea i conducerea social, a
comunicrii (cum este cazul lui Ha-
bermas), a dialogului i negocierii
(Chr. Dupont), pe baza unor reguli
acceptate de ctre actori (morale, ju-
ridice, politice).
Viaa dovedete c acele societi te social pe care ar merita-o i nu
care au tiut s-i gestioneze sursele
de tensiune i conflict au atins pa-
rametrii nali n dezvoltarea econo-
mic i social, n gestionarea demo-
cratic a treburilor publice. Avem
un exemplu clar n succesul SUA i
al Europei Unite, unde dialogul, ne-
gocierea, medierea conflictelor au
permis actuala prosperitate, practici-
le unei democraii autentice care s
pun n valoare fora solidaritii i tolul consacrat medierii n relaiile
comunicrii.
Locul medierii ntre mijloacele
de soluionare a conflictelor este n
continu cretere. n ultimii ani, n
numeroase ri, profesia de mediator
i a ctigat un loc n nomenclatorul
profesiilor, acestui trend nscriindu-
se i Romnia, care pstreaz ca de
obicei, o serie de particulariti n
materie. Complexitatea medierii r-
mne ns n atenia cercettorilor n zilele noastre, este uurat desigur
i practicienilor pentru c ea este o
soluie elegant, a aduga specific
european, la conflict cu inflexiuni
filosofice, dar i cu rezultate reale n
viaa oamenilor. Succesul medierii
este dat de faptul c i atunci cnd
este instituionalizat ea nseamn
un raport ntre dou pri n con- de soluionare panic a diferendelor
flict n care intervine a treia parte
pentru a gsi punctele comune de
dialog, de comunicare, de nelegere
i acord ndeprtnd nu numai fora, evitarea rzboiului.
violena ci chiar i intervenia unei
instane. Medierea recurge la raiune,
la cumpnirea argumentelor, la echi-
librarea judecilor i atitudinilor
ntr-un cmp infinit de situaii - cum
se exprim autoarea - cuprinznd
toate sectoarele de activitate uman,
din sfera public i privat. Teoriile
despre mediere, bine structurate i
nuanat prezentate n lucrare au n
vedere dimensiunea filosofic, poli-
tic, juridic, moral dar toate sunt
concordante n a susine c medie-
rea este un instrument al reducerii
costurilor unei relaii conflictuale, o
surs de satisfacie pentru pri, dar
mai ales o cale de atingere a unor in-
terese comune, printr-o organizare
mai bun a conduitelor.
Am apreciat, n acest context, re-
cursul la discuia filosofic asupra
medierii pentru c a pus n relief o
serie de poziii puin cunoscute la
noi, cum este cea a lui G. Calogero,
sau deja vehiculate din alte perspec-
tive cum sunt cele ale lui M. Buber
i A. Levinas, conturnd un univers
spiritual n care relaia panic, echi-
librat dintre oameni, structureaz in relation to the consequences
un umanism cotidian. for tomorrow, calls for a rationali-
Cea mai nsemnat parte a lucrrii zation of behaviors, even if we do
este alocat - cum este firesc - cerce- not come to support a technocratic
trii medierii n diverse sisteme de vision. Discussions of today politi-
via social i n diverse ri care cal philosophy insist precisely on
au acumulat o experien pozitiv this aspect related to the higher
n promovarea medierii. Sunt pagini intervention of reasoning in social
pline de interes asupra medierii n organization and leadership, com-
familie, n coal, n viaa diferitelor munication (such as Habermas),
grupuri din societate, n raporturile dialogue and negotiation (Chr.
de munc i desigur n viaa politic. Dupont), based on rules accepted
Nu peste tot medierea are o greuta- by actors (moral, legal, political).
Life proves that those societies
n toate societile ea se bucur de able to manage their sources of
aceeai atenie. Relevarea diversitii tension and conflict reached high
situaiilor n care este prezent me- parameters in economic and social
dierea permite autoarei s degaje o development, in democratic man-
schem general a acesteia pentru agement of public affairs. We have
a-i reliefa semnificaia social pozi- a clear example of the U.S. and
tiv i pentru a pleda n favoarea ex- United Europe success, where dia-
tinderii ei ca un mijloc alternativ de logue, negotiation, conflict media-
soluionare a conflictelor. tion allowed the current prosperity,
De un interes aparte este capi- practices of a genuine democracy
to enhance the strength of solidar-
internaionale. Specie a negocierii, ity and communication.
aceasta este structurat de norme The place of mediation among
ale dreptului internaional i are o the means of resolving conflicts is
cazuistic bogat, care incit la re- continuously growing. In recent
flexie. Lucrarea se construiete pe o years, in many countries, the pro-
plaj larg de situaii istorice i con- fession of mediator won a place in
chide asupra utilitii medierii att the list of professions, this trend
n prevenirea conflictelor, ct i n also comprising Romania, which
gestionarea resurselor de criz i a holds as usual, a number of pecu-
crizelor nsele. Practicarea medierii, liarities in the matter. Complexity
of mediation remains however in
de mijloacele de transport (ele i-au the researchers and practitioners
permis lui Kissinger s dezvolte me- attention because it is an elegant
toda navetei diplomatice) i de cele solution, I would add specifically
legate de comunicaii (telefoanele cu European, to a conflict with philo-
fir direct ntre conductorii politici). sophical inflexions, but also with
Consacrat de ctre dreptul interna- real results in peoples lives. The
ional, alturi de celelalte mijloace success of mediation is given also
by the fact that even institutional-
dintre state, medierea devine o cale ized it represents a relationship
tot mai frecventat de comunitatea between two parties in conflict,
internaional de a interveni pentru where a third party intervenes to
find common points for dialogue,
Lucrarea se impune prin bogia communication, understanding
de idei pe care le pune n discuie, and agreement, thus removing
legat desigur i de amploarea su- not only force, violence but also
biectului, dar i de efortul de a avea intervention of a court. Mediation
o cuprindere ct mai ampl a cazu- resorts to reason, to weighing argu-
isticii medierii. n acelai timp, pe ments, to balance judgments and
baza acestui material, construiete attitudes in an infinite field of situa-
imaginea general a medierii ca re- tions as the author says - covering
laie social care i gsete n vari- all sectors of human activity, both
ate domenii utilizarea. A meniona in public and private areas. Theo-
bibliografia ampl (sunt aproape 30 ries on mediation, well-structured
de pagini de titluri) care susine n- and presented in the work, focus
treaga lucrare i i d o consisten on philosophical, political, legal,
suplimentar. moral dimension, but all are con-
innd seama de parametrii sistent in holding that mediation
ridicai la care este elaborat, n is an instrument for cost savings
coninut i form, n data de 25 sep- in a conflict relationship, a source
tembrie 2010 s-a propus acceptarea of satisfaction for the parties, but
lucrrii Medierea n viaa social- mostly a path to achieve common
politic drept tez de doctorat, iar interests, through a better organi-
pe baza susinerii publice a aceste- zation of conducts.
ia s-a propus i susinut acordarea I appreciated in this context, the
titlului de doctor n filosofie d-rei recourse to philosophical discus-
Diana Ionela Anche. sion on mediation because it has
raised a number of positions lit-
Cluj Napoca, tle known to us, such as that of G.
25.11.2010 Calogero, or already spread from
Prof. univ. dr. Liviu-Petru Zpran other perspectives such as those of
medierea, tehnic i art
M. Buber and A.Levinas, drawing a
spiritual universe in which peaceful,
balanced relationship between peo-
ple, structures a daily humanism.
The most important part of the
work is allocated - as normal to
the research of mediation in vari-
ous systems of social life and in
various countries that have ac-
cumulated positive experience in
promoting mediation. There are
pages of interest on family media-
tion, school, life of different groups
in society, on labor relations and
of course politics. Not everywhere
mediation has a social weigh that it
really deserves and not all societies
enjoy the same attention. High-
lighting the diversity of situations
in which mediation is present al-
lows the author to emanate a gener-
al scheme to emphasize its positive
social significance and to advocate
for its expansion as an alternative
means of conflict resolution.
Of particular interest is the chap-
ter on mediation in international
relations. Species of negotiation, it
is structured by rules of interna-
tional law and has numerous cases,
inciting to reflection. This paper is
built on a wide range of historical
situations and concludes on the
usefulness of mediation both in
conflict prevention and manage-
ment of crisis resources and the
crisis itself. Mediation practice,
today, is certainly facilitated by
the transport means (they allowed
Kissinger to develop diplomatic
shuttle method) and those related
to communications (direct wireless
phones between political leaders).
Made popular by international law,
along with other means of peace-
ful settlement of disputes between
states, mediation is an increasingly
common way for international
community to intervene as to avoid
war.
The paper is preeminent by the
affluence of ideas it approaches, re-
lated of course to the complexity of
the subject, but also to the effort to
have a wide coverage of mediation
cases. At the same time, based on
this material, it builds the general
image of mediation as social rela-
tionship which finds use in various
fields. I mention the extensive bib-
liography (almost 30 pages of titles)
that supports the entire work and
gives additional consistency.
Given its high parameters, both
in content and form, on September
25, 2010 the paper Mediation in
socio-political life was proposed
as doctoral thesis and based on its
public presentation, the granting
of the Doctor of Philosophy Title
to Mrs. Diana Ionela Anches was
proposed and supported.
Cluj Napoca,
25.11.2010 33
PhD Liviu- Petru Zpran
 medierea, tehnic i art
NEGOCIERILE N VIAA
SOCIAL-POLITIC
Liviu-Petru Zpran n urmtoarele trei capitole
Cunoscut ca dascl al (Morfologia negocierilor, Por-
Universitii Babe-Bolyai, profe- tretizarea negociatorului i Stra-
sorul Liviu-Petru Zpran este n tegie, tactic i stil de negociere),
acelai timp autor a numeroase lu- profesorul Liviu-Petru Zpran a
crri de filosofie a politicii, de doc- cumulat toate elementele necesare
trine politice i, n ultimii ani, de bunei definiri i nelegeri a ceea ce
studiere a relaiilor internaionale, presupune un proces de negociere
geopolitice, a problematicii ncheiat cu succes.
construciei europene, n care i Penultimul capitol Negocieri
susine convingerile legate de na- diplomatice aduce un plus de va-
tura politicii, de rolul ei n viaa loare textului crii, demonstrnd
societilor, de valorile care se crea- esena artei compromisului n
z n acest domeniu i de formele n relaiile diplomatice internaionale.
care se materializeaz. Capitolul final intitulat sugestiv
Ca activitate universal, reg- Negocierea o cale pentru rede-
sibil n viaa de familie, de grup finirea identitilor, reprezint de
social, politic, economic pentru fapt o constatare personal a auto-
realizarea pcii sociale, de via rului la care acesta a ajuns att n
internaional, negocierea apa- urma experienei dobndite ca am-
re ca un mod de a tri laolalt al basador, ct i a studierii bogatului
oamenilor, ca o cale a structurrii material care st la baza scrierii
relaiilor sociale pe un anumit sis- acestei lucrri.
tem de valori, prin care se gsesc Astfel, lucrarea informeaz
soluiile dezvoltrii, ale funcionrii cititorul asupra proceselor de
i pstrrii identitii unui actor so- autocunoatere, autoeducare i de
cial individual sau colectiv. n ne- autoredefinire a eului interior, par-
gociere, el nva valoarea ideii i a curse n cadrul negocierii. Meritul
cuvntului rostit, deprinde un mod autorului se concretizeaz n faptul
de a gndi logic, argumentativ, de a c, datorit bogatei experiene per-
cuta mpreun cu ceilali, pe baza sonale, dar mai ales profesionale, a
cunoaterii de sine, a competenelor reuit cu succes teoretizarea i sis-
proprii i ale celuilalt, o soluie care tematizarea negocierilor n viaa
s-i mbogeasc reciproc. social-politic actual, att la nivel
Din aceste raiuni, autorul a fost naional, ct i la nivel internaional,
preocupat de a descoperi elemente- astfel nct acest volum se constitu-
le unui model al negocierii ca tip ie ntr-o veritabil oper de filosofie
distinct de raport social peconizat a politicii.
de ctre gnditorii din antichitate
i asimilat astfel ca o dimensiune Cluj-Napoca,
a spiritului european. De aceea 09.01.2008
cartea profesorului Liviu-Petru Lect. univ. dr.
Zpran reprezint detaliat com- Diana-Ionela Anche
ponentele negocierii (obiectul, con-
textul, mizele, raporturile de for
dintre prile participante, negocia-
torii), modul n care se structureaz
un proces de negociere (de la pre-
gtirea ei, la etapele prin care trece
pn se ajunge la un acord, pe o pla-
j de negociere, ntr-o dinamic pe
care o cerceteaz diverse discipline,
cu metode proprii, dar i cu unele
preluate dintr-o interdisciplinarita-
te n msur s ofere un neles ge-
neral al negocierii care are infinite
modaliti concrete de realizare.
Aici se afl explicaia faptului c
autorul a fcut apel la teoria jocului,
la analiza tranzacional, la plani-
ficarea neurolingvistic, la datele
psihologiei, istoriei, dreptului, soci-
ologiei, capabile s-i susin demer-
sul de cunoatere i interpretare a
negocierii.
Astfel, teoretizarea procesului de
negociere a presupus trecerea n re-
vist, n cadrul celor ase capitole ale
crii, a ntregii proceduri a negoci-
34 erilor. Lucrarea debuteaz cu un ca-
pitol intitulat Ce sunt negocierile?.
NEGOTIATIONS
IN SOCIO-POLITICAL LIFE
Liviu-Petru Zpran of negotiations in details (object,
Known as a professor with the context, stake, force relation be-
Babe-Bolyai University, Liviu- tween the participants, negotiators),
Petru Zpran is at the same time the way in which a negotiation pro-
the author of numerous works cess is structured (starting with its
dedicated to politics philosophy, preparation, then going through
political doctrines and, in the past the stages prior to an agreement,
few years, study of international on a range of negotiation, in a dy-
relations, i.e. geopolitical, Europe- namic that is investigated by differ-
an construction issues, supporting ent disciplines, with own methods,
his convictions related to the na- but also with some taken over from
ture of politics, its role in the life other disciplines, in order to offer
of societies, the values created in a general meaning of negotiation,
this field and the forms it material- which has infinite concrete ways to
izes into. materialize.
As universal activity, that can be Here is the explanation for why
found in the family, social group, the author turned to game theory,
political, economic life for social transactional analysis, neuro-lin-
peace, in international life, nego- guistic programming, psychology,
tiation appears as a way of people history, law, sociology data, capable
living together, as a way of struc- to support his attempt to know and
turing social relations on a certain interpret negotiation.
system of values, which leads to so- Thus, creating a theory on ne-
lutions for developing, functioning gotiation process entailed review-
and maintaining the identity of an ing, in the six chapters of the book,
individual or collective social actor. the entire procedure of negotiation.
In negotiation, he/she learns the The book begins with the chapter
value of the outspoken ideas and What are negotiations?
words, learns how to think logically, In the following three chapters
with arguments, how to search to- (Morphology of negotiations,
gether with other people, based on Making the portrait of negotiating
own and the others skills, a solu- and Strategy, tactics and negotia-
tion that enriches them both. tion style), professor Liviu-Petru
Due to this rationale, the author Zpran cumulated all the ele-
was concerned to discover the ele- ments necessary for a good defini-
ments of a negotiation pattern as tion and understanding of what a
a distinct type of social relation successful negotiation process re-
foreseen by the ancient thinkers ally means.
and assimilated as a dimension The last but one chapter Dip-
of the European spirit. Therefore, lomatic negotiations brings an
the book by professor Liviu-Petru added value to the book, proving
Zpran presents the components the essence of the art of compro-
mise in international diplomatic
relations. The final chapter, with a
suggestive title, Negotiation a
way to redefine identities is in fact
the authors personal findings, giv-
en by his experience gained as am-
bassador, but also by the study of
the heavy material that is the base
of this book.
Therefore, the book informs
the reader about the self-knowing
processes, self-education and self-
redefinition of inner throughout a
negotiation. The authors merit is
materialized in the fact that due
to his rich personal, but espe-
cially professional experience, he
successfully managed to issue a
theory and systemize negotiations
in nowadays socio-political life,
both at national and international
level, consequently this volume
becomes a true work of politics
philosophy.
Cluj-Napoca,
09.01.2008
Lecturer
Diana-Ionela Anche

Ghidul mediatorului profesionist
Medierea facilitativ
Tehnica ascultrii active*
*Craiova, Editura Consensus, 2010, ISBN 978-973-88401-3-3
(partea 1)
Experientia docet Nu mai departe de ceva timp, ati-
tudinea de tipul ca noi sau nimic,
Arta, Artitii i Medierea n condiiile de strict reglementare
n principiu, arta se obine cu legislativ, a fost expus i susinut
sacrificii, de cele mai multe ori in- prin combaterea cu vehemen a
telectuale, dar nu exclude i jertfe. unei ncercri de a orndui profesia
Istorie, tradiii, prezent, certitu- care se dorete a avea caracter so-
dini, viitor, tendine. cial, refuznd dialogul i ncercnd
Am auzit tot felul de afirmaii s schimbe percepia despre n li-
care susineau c medierea a tre- tera i spiritul legii cu o atitudine
cut de etapa de nceput i c acum de nc o revoluie, n opinia mea tainty, future, trends.
trebuie doar s dezvoltm, s spriji- fiind o abordare care accentueaz
nim, s motivm, pentru ca aceast discrepanele n abordare, prin ri-
nou profesie s i gseasc efici- posta: argument-contra-argument-
ena i utilitatea. i nu argument-justificare.
Dar, mergnd pe ipoteza de lucru Persoane inteligente, mediatorii
enunat anterior, ar trebui s reg- au czut n acelai pcat al ntregu- to find efficiency and usefulness.
sim cele trei coordonate care conso- lui social, i anume: criticm, dup
lideaz un concept, i anume trecut, care vedem dac a fost bine.
prezent i viitor. Este uor s dai cu piatra att
Trecut: ce tradiie avem noi n timp ct nu pori responsabilitatea
stingerea disputelor? Suntem un locului unde nimerete aceasta i
popor conflictual i e cunoscut este facil s adopi o fals tehnic
atitudinea s moar i capra ve- de kamikaze, crend impresia c
cinului. Dac nu putem schimba, accepi sacrificiul suprem doar de
ar trebui s adaptm, i anume s dragul de a-i promova imaginea.
nelegem dac este bine sau ru s Finalitatea actului o reprezint o
moar i capra vecinului, i n ce consolidare a relaiilor dintre medi-
condiii. atori i, fr s vreau, m gndesc
Plecnd de la aceast atitudine la alt principiu, i anume: ce nu te
n soluionarea conflictelor, n cele omoar te face mai puternic.
din urm nelegem ct este de jus- Trebuie s fim convini c noi
tificat, iar spiritul competitiv poate construim istoria medierii aici i c,
fi gestionat n mod optim Transfor- inevitabil, suntem supui acelorai
mm competiia distructiv prin greeli, pentru c nu poi nva din destructive competition into posi-
pozitivarea rezultatului privim greelile altora.
jumatatea plin a paharului. M bucur c am trecut cu toii
medierea, tehnic i art
The guide book
of professional mediator
Facilitative mediation
Active listening technique*
*Craiova, Consensus Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-973-88401-3-3
(part 1)
Experientia docet Not long ago, the as we want or
nothing attitude, in terms of strict
Art, Artists and Mediation legislative regulation, was exposed
In principle, art is obtained by and supported by fighting vehe-
sacrifices, most of the time intel- mently against attempts to put in
lectual, but does not exclude offer- order a profession intended to be
ings also. a social one, refusing dialogue and
History, traditions, present, cer- trying to change the letter and
spirit of the law perception with
I heard all kinds of statements an another revolution attitude, in
claiming that mediation has passed my opinion being an approach that
the beginning stage and now we emphasizes the discrepancies in the
only need to develop it, support it, outlook, through response: argu-
motivate it, for this new profession ment-counter-argument, instead of
argument-justification.
But, going on the hypothesis stated Intelligent people, mediators,
above, you should find the three co- have fallen into the same sin of the
ordinates which reinforce a concept, social whole, ie we criticize, then
namely past, present and future. see if it was beneficial.
Past: what tradition do we have Its easy to throw a stone as long
in dispute settlement? We are a as you do not bear the responsi-
conflicting people and the saying bility of the place where the stone
if I go down, Ill take you with me falls, and is easy to adopt a false
is well known. If we cannot change, suicide technique, creating the
we should adapt, ie to understand impression that you accept final
whether is good or bad to take sacrifice only for the sake of pro-
down the other person. moting your image.
Starting from this approach in The purpose of the act repre-
conflict resolution, we finally un- sents a strengthening of relations
derstand how justifiable it really is between mediators and, without
and how competitive spirit can be wanting it, I think of another prin-
best managed. We transform the ciple, namely: What does not kill
you makes you stronger.
tive results look at the half full We must be confident that we
glass. build history of mediation and
35
 medierea, tehnic i art
i prin momente inedite, tocmai Cuprins
pentru a privi cum mediatorii de- 1. Medierea: Concept/instituie
vin solidari, crescnd ca oameni i 2. De ce trebuie s urmezi cele 80
profesioniti, construind tradiii. de ore de curs n mediere
Prezent: nc nu am nceput s-l 3. Piaa-mediere-sisteme integrate
identificm, pentru c nu am termi- 4. Stiluri de mediere
nat cu trecutul, dar vreau, i nu mi 5. Analiza conflictului
doresc, s artm c vremea n care 6. Analiza conflictului relaii de
am fost surprini a trecut, i c, aa interdependen
cum am nvat i ne-am deprins ca 7. Noiuni introductive n comu-
profesioniti, tim s gestionm att nicare
disputa la nivel individual, ct i la 8. Medierea procedur
nivelul categoriei profesionale care 9. Sesiunea comun
se dorete a fi una de elit, asigu- 10. Sesiunile separate
rnd un flux informaional multidi- 11. Structura sesiunii comune
recional care poate acoperi necesa- 12. Structura sesiunilor separate
rul de necunoscute n care, trebuie 13. Sesiunile separate: Structur
s recunoatem, se afl mediatorii prima sesiune separat
fr a li se imputa acestora. 14. Sesiunile separate: Structur
Transparena decizional trebuie prima sesiune separat cu a
aplicat fr a rmne la nivel de doua parte
slogan i, n acelai timp, lipsa aces- 15. Structura sesiunii comune fi-
teia trebuie sancionat prin atitu- nale
dini publice i nu prin construcii 16. nchiderea sesiunilor de medi-
machiavelice care pot denatura ere
sensul critic constructiv. 17. Tehnici aplicate de mediere
Mediatorului trebuie s i se 18. Verificarea realitii
confere certitudinea ctigului sau, 19. Construirea ncrederii
prin stimularea eficienei sale, de- 20. Tehnica reformulrii
grevndu-l de sarcina de a-i cuta 21. Tehnica brainstorming
permanent o surs de venit, rolul 22. Tehnica formulrii ntrebrilor
fiind preluat chiar de forul tutelar 23. Recadrarea
care trebuie s i fac un scop exis- 24. Parafrazarea
tenial din a crea cadrul optim de 25. Rezumatul
desfurare al activitii mediatoru- 26. Structura rezumatului
lui, i nu din a ncerca s devin o 27. Oferta
piedic prin impunerea de pseudo- 28. Negocierea: Noiuni introduc-
obstacole care consum energie n tive
mod nejustificat. 29. Etica mediatorului
Consiliul de Mediere are obliga- 30. Strategiile mediatorului
ia s elimine toate eventualele ob- 31. Dicionar cu termeni uzuali n
stacole care intervin n desfurarea procedura medierii
activitii mediatorului, protejn- 32. Ce s-ar fi ntmplat dac ...
du-l de factorii externi.
Viitor: dac primul Consiliu de Medierea:
Mediere reprezint trecutul, actu- Concept/instituie
alul-prezentul, n viitor, i mai de- Societatea romneasc, aseme-
parte, al treilea Consiliu de Mediere nea oricrei societi n ansamblul
va avea oportunitatea de a funda- ei, este datoare s priveasc noul
menta i de a trasa o real strategie dintr-o perspectiv ambivalent.
de dezvoltare a profesiei pentru ur- Colectivitile care compun so-
mtorii ani. cietatea urmeaz acelai trend i nu
Se poate spune c sunt pesimist, fac excepie n a analiza progresul
pentru c strategia exist i acum, sau prin poziia dubl pentru noi -
c sunt optimist, pentru c ne trebuie pentru alii. Rezultatul firesc al
ani s nvm ce este medierea. acestui raionament duce la o scin-
Iar eu pot spune c ambele opinii dare a societii n noi sau voi.
sunt pertinente i a putea s gsesc Consecina direct a atitudinii o re-
personal argumente pentru una sau prezint scindarea artificial a produ-
cealalt. sului care se dorete a fi implementat.
Pentru moment, suntem n pre- Se ntmpl i n mediere i astfel
zent i cred c este mult prea devre- auzim de:
me s ncercm s avem o strategie medierea n domeniul asigur-
ferm pentru profesia de mediator, rilor, prin instruirea n cadrul
avnd n vedere faptul c medierea, societilor de asigurare a unor
ca i procedur, tocmai se imple- persoane care o s constituie o
menteaz. Flexibilitatea presupune comisie de mediatori;
pruden, dar i fermitate, intuiie, medierea n domeniul medical,
dar i certitudini, tradiii i istorie. va lua natere mediatorul ca re-
i, pentru c un punct este rela- zultat al instruirii de ctre Cole-
tiv fix doar atunci cnd este prins giul Medicilor a unor persoane
n minim trei ancore, adresez ru- care sunt pregtite s practice;
gmintea tuturor mediatorilor s medierea bancar, n acelai sens.
avem rbdarea necesar construirii Uitm cu toii ce reprezint medie-
36 celor trei: trecut, prezent i viitor. rea i mediatorul sau nu ne informm,
Pictorul i aeaz evaletul pe un trepied. aspect i mai pgubos, iar rezultatul
that inevitably we are subject to the mediators to have the patience to
same mistakes, because you cannot build the three: past, present and
learn from others mistakes. future.
Im glad we all went through A painter puts his easel sit on a tripod.
unique moments, precisely to see
how mediators become united, Content
growing as people and profession- 1. Mediation: Concept / institution
als, building traditions. 2. Why should we attend the 80-
Present: we have not yet started hour course in mediation
to identify it, because were not 3. Market-media-integrated systems
done with the past, but I want, not 4. Styles of Mediation
I wish to show that the time when 5. Conflict analysis
we were surprised has passed, and 6. Conflict analysis interdepen-
that, as we learned as profession- dency relationships
als, we know how to handle the 7. Introductive notions in commu-
dispute both at individual level and nication
at the level of professional category, 8. Mediation Procedure
which is intended to be an elite one, 9. Joint session
providing a multidirectional infor- 10. Separate session
mation flow that can cover the un- 11. Structure of joint session
known as we must admit that me- 12. Structure of separate session
diators face, without being however 13. Separate sessions: Structure
their fault. first separate session
Transparency of decision should 14. Separate sessions: Structure
be applied, instead of only being a first separate session with the
slogan and at the same time, its lack second party
must be sanctioned through pub- 15. Structure of the final joint session
lic attitudes rather than through 16. Closing the mediation sessions
Machiavellian constructions which 17. Applied mediation techniques
may distort the constructive criti- 18. Checking reality
cism meaning. 19. Building confidence
The mediator should be given 20. Reformulation technique
certainty of his gain, stimulating 21. Brainstorming technique
his effectiveness, unburdening him 22. Formulating questions tech-
from permanently seeking a source nique
of income, his role being taken over 23. Reframing
by the very founding forum whose 24. Paraphrasing
goal should be that of creating the 25. Summary
proper framework for deployment 26. Structure of summary
of mediators activity, and not try- 27. Offer
ing to become an obstacle by im- 28. Negotiation: introductive noti-
posing energy-consuming pseudo ons
obstacles unduly. 29. Mediators ethics
The Mediation Council is re- 30. Mediators strategies
quired to remove all possible obsta- 31. Dictionary of usual terms in
cles that interfere in the mediators mediation procedure
activity, protecting them from ex- 32. What happened if
ternal factors.
Future: if the first Mediation Mediation:
Council represents the past, the cur- Concept/institution
rent one the present, in the future Romanian society, like any so-
and beyond, the third Mediation ciety as a whole, is obliged to look
Council will have the opportunity at novelty from an ambivalent per-
to base and to draw a real strategy spective.
concerning the professional devel- Communities that make up
opment for the coming years. the society follow the same trend
You could say Im pessimistic, and are not exception to review
because the strategy exists now too, progress by double position for
or that I am optimistic, because we us for others. Natural result
need years to learn what media- of this reasoning leads to a split-
tion is really about. ting of society into us or you.
And I can say that both views are Direct consequence of the attitude
relevant and I could personally find is the artificial division of the prod-
evidence for one or the other. uct intended to be implemented.
For now, we are in the present It also happens in mediation and
and I think it is too early to try to we hear about:
have a firm strategy for the media- Mediation in the insurance sec-
tor profession, given the fact that tor, by training inside insurance
mediation, as procedure, is just companies of persons who con-
being implemented. Flexibility re- stitute a panel of mediators;
quires prudence but also firmness, Mediation in the medical fi-
intuition, and certainties, traditions eld, where the mediator will be
and history. incurred as a result of training
And because a point is relatively provided by the College of Phy-
fixed only when it is caught in at sicians to people who are trained
least three anchors, I kindly ask all to practice it;

este cel ateptat, i anume o confuzie
total n ceea ce privete conceptul -
instituie: mediere-mediator.
Cred c este momentul s ncer-
cm s informm aceste instituii
care i doresc proprii mediatori, c
exist coli autorizate care au rolul
de a crea i de a specializa media-
tori i nu trebuie s fac un efort su-
plimentar prin consum de resurse
pentru a-i crea propriii mediatori.
Interpretarea tendenioas a legii
sau chiar lipsa de interpretare duce
la astfel de anomalii profesionale
care au ca efect final pierderea iden-
titii mediatorului.
Cu toii (mediatorii) tim ce n-
seamn a fi mediator i lansez invita-
ia de a informa toate instituiile care
au identificat nevoia existenei unei
persoane care se intituleaz medi-
ator s colaboreze cu toate organi-
zaiile profesionale ale mediatorilor
pentru a-i satisface aceast nevoie.
Nu trebuie s uitm c a fi medi-
ator nseamn a-i pstra o poziie
neutr i imparial, condiii eseni-
ale pentru o reuit n mediere.
n condiiile n care bncile i
creeaz propriii mediatori sau ori-
care alt instituie, iar acetia pre-
steaz o activitate de acest gen n
cadrul acestor instituii, am mari
ndoieli n ceea ce privete neutra-
litatea i imparialitatea procedurii
sau a mediatorului.
Am lsat n mod intenionat con-
fidenialitatea ca argument final
n pledoaria mea pentru pstrarea
independenei mediatorului pentru
c n raporturile de prepuenie (re-
laia angajat-angajator), confideni-
alitatea este n mod obiectiv unidi-
recional, informaia fiind stopat
de regul la angajator.
Nu doresc s par c m opun dez-
voltrii profesiei, dar a vrea s ne-
legem c mediatorul este mediator
doar dac i pstreaz rolul pentru
care a fost creat i nu se ncearc o
compilaie care n final va demon-
stra c medierea este ineficient.
Sunt un susintor al procedurii
n sine i acord un vot favorabil ten-
dinei de a se implementa medierea
n fiecare structur organizaional,
dar colile de formare profesional
din Romnia au capacitatea necesa-
r pentru a specializa mediatorii pe
domenii de activitate i dezaprob
tendina nfiinrii unei structuri
paralele de mediatori .
Exist capacitatea profesional
care se poate compatibiliza cu ne-
voia fireasc a societaii n ansam-
blu pentru diminuarea tensiunilor
create de dispute i cred c toate
aceste aspecte semnalate sunt dato-
rate doar lipsei de informare i din-
tr-un exces de zel n ceea ce privete
dinamica social.
De ce trebuie s urmezi cele
80 de ore de curs n mediere continuarea in numarul urmator
Poate c ncercarea de a rspun-
de la o astfel de ntrebare tocmai eu,
care am calitatea de formator n do-
meniul medierii, ar suna ca o justi-
ficare ieftin i o ncercare deplasat
de a promova aceste cursuri.
Cu riscul asumat de a fi acuzat de
cele menionate anterior, ncerc s pre-
zint de ce exist o astfel de necesitate.
Nu vreau s fac o clasificare, dar
a ncerca s prioritizez oarecum
argumentele care determin o per-
soan s parcurg cursul.
Evident, finalitatea majoritii o
reprezint autorizarea ca mediator,
dar sunt i persoane care au absol-
vit acest curs doar pentru o nevoie
fireasc de a deveni un mai bun co-
municator, un mai bun negociator,
un mai bun analist al fenomenului
numit conflict, un atent observator
al reaciilor partenerilor de discuii,
un mai bun asculttor, empatic prin
definiie, un transparent al strilor
emoionale, dar i un personaj re-
flexiv.
Cursul folosete tehnici de comu-
nicare aplicate, tehnici de negociere
aplicate, limbajul transformaional,
construcii verbale care pozitiveaz
mesajul i nu numai, folosete co- We must not forget that being a me-
municarea verbal, cea nonverbal,
i cea paraverbal.
Se dezvolt abiliti personale,
se construiesc discursuri motivai-
onale, se analizeaz atitudini com-
portamentale, tipuri de rspuns la
conflict, moduri de rspuns.
Se identific soluii de compa-
tibilizare a relaiilor conflictuale,
se cuantific consumul de resurse,
indiferent de natur, n vederea op-
timizrii comportamentelor subiec-
ilor parte n conflict.
Se analizeaz dinamica con-
flictului, dar i dinamica social a
grupului, se identific componenta
emoional, istoricul, identitatea,
valorile personale, dar i cele de
grup, finalizndu-se cu evidenie-
rea necesitilor, mascate uneori de
poziii care denatureaz realitatea.
Cursul dezvolt abiliti proprii
i estompeaz neajunsurile caracte-
ristice fiecrui individ.
La ce bun?
Societatea prezent se confrunt
cu o lips de comunicare acut da-
torat n primul rnd abundenei
de informaii care o bombardeaz
fr ca personal s poi stabili att
codul de decriptare, ct i valoarea
efectiv pe care o comport aceast
informaie, liberul arbitru fiind cel
care realizeaz selecia i, uneori,
acioneaz n detrimentul personal.
Cursul te ajut s-i dezvoli ca-
pacitatea de selecie, trasnd trei
coordonate de care te poi folosi:
temperament, identitate, timp.
Un aflux puternic de informaii poa-
te duce chiar la blocaj n comunicare.
S ncercm s devenim experi
n seleciile informaionale.
Mugur Mitroi
Banking mediation, in the same
direction.
We all forget what mediation
and mediators are or we do not get
informed, even more damaging as-
pect, and the result is the expected
one, ie a total confusion regarding
the concept institution: media-
tion-mediator.
I think it is time to try to inform
those institutions which want their
own mediators on the fact there
are authorized schools designed
to create and specialize mediators
and they must not make an extra
effort consuming their resources
to create their own mediators.
Tendentious interpretation of the
law or lack of interpretation leads
to such professional anomalies
whose final effect is the loss of me-
diators identity. We all (mediators)
know what it means to be a media-
tor and I invite everybody to inform
all institutions that have identified
the need for a mediator to work
with all professional organizations
of mediators to meet this need.
language, verbal construction that
diator means keeping your neutral
and impartial position, essential con-
ditions for a successful mediation.
Given that banks create their
own mediators or any other in-
stitution, and they provide such
an activity in these institutions, I
have great doubts about the neu-
trality and impartiality of the
procedure or of the mediator.
I intentionally left confidentiality
as final argument of my plea on the
mediators independence, because
in the employer-employee relations,
privacy is an one-way objective, in-
formation being usually hampered
by the employer.
I do not want to seem to oppose
development of the profession, but
I would like to understand that the
mediator is a mediator only if he
maintains the role for which it was
created, not attempting a compila-
tion which will eventually show
that mediation is ineffective.
I am a supporter of the proce-
dure itself and I cast a favorable
vote for the trend to implement
mediation in each organizational
structure, but professional train-
ing schools in Romania have the
capacity to specialize mediators on
different areas of activity and I dis-
approve the tend to set up a parallel
structure of mediators.
There is professional capacity
that can be made compatible
with
the natural need of the society as a
whole to ease tensions created by the
dispute and I believe that all these as-
pects signaled are due only to the lack
of information and to an excess of
zeal concerning the social dynamics.
Why should we follow the
80-hour course in mediation?
Perhaps precisely me trying to
medierea, tehnic i art
answer this question, as a trainer
in mediation field, might sound a
cheap justification and an improper
attempt to promote these courses.
Assuming this risk of being ac-
cused of the things mentioned
above, I try to explain why there is
such a need.
I do not want to make a classifi-
cation, but somehow I try to prior-
itize the arguments that determine
a person to go through the course.
Obviously, the purpose of many
is to become authorized as a media-
tor, but there are people who have
graduated from this course only for
a natural need to become a better
communicator, a better negotiator,
a better analyst of the phenomenon
best known as conflict, a keen ob-
server of the discussion partners
reactions, a better listener, empa-
thetic by definition, a transparent of
emotional states, but also a reflec-
tive character.
The course uses applied commu-
nication techniques, applied nego-
tiation techniques transformational
makes the message positive and not
only, verbal, nonverbal, and para-
verbal communication.
People develop personal skills,
build motivational speeches, analyze
attitudes of behavior, types of re-
sponse to conflict, modes of response.
People identify solutions to
make the conflicting relationship
compatible, quantify the resource
consumption of any kind, in order
to optimize the behavior of subjects
that are parties to the conflict.
We analyze the dynamics of con-
flict, but also the social dynamics
of the group, identifying emotional
component, history, identity, per-
sonal values, and also the groups,
highlighting needs, sometimes
concealed by positions that distort
reality.
The course develops skills and
blurs the shortcomings specific to
each individual.
What for?
The society currently faces a
severe lack of communication
due primarily to the abundance
of information that bombards us
without being able to establish the
decryption code and the actual
value that this information carries,
free will being the one who makes
the selection and sometimes acts
against own interests.
The course helps you develop
your selection ability, drawing
three coordinates that you can use:
temperament, identity, time.
A strong inflow of information may
lead to blockage in communication.
Try to become experts in infor-
mational selections.
to be continued
37
Mugur Mitroi
Iunie 2011 Bucureti Iulie 2011 Brila August 2011 Braov
Septembrie 2011 Constana Octombrie 2011 Bacu
Noiembrie 2011 Cluj-Napoca Decembrie 2011 Ploieti
Ianuarie 2012 Tulcea Februarie 2012 Galai Martie 2012 Iai
Aprilie 2012 Baia Mare Mai 2012 Bucureti Iunie 2012 Arad
 medierea, tehnic i art

Uniunea Centrelor de Mediere

din Romnia
str. Dimitrie Marinescu, nr. 1, sector 2, Bucureti
www.ucmro.ro
office@ucmro.ro
39
 1. Frande Claudia-Alina
telefon mobil: 0722.266.686; 0742.594.558
email: claudia_frandes@yahoo.com
2. Holotenco Liliana
telefon mobil: 0757.014.080
email: mediator_tulcea@yahoo.com
3. Lefter Iuliana
telefon mobil: 0740.154.296
email: an02li73ad73@yahoo.com
4. Pisic Tudor-Leonard
telefon mobil: 0740.857.978
email: leoman732002@yahoo.com
5. Poian Eugenia
telefon mobil: 0723.287.631
email: eugeniapoiana@yahoo.com
6. Poponete Doru
telefon mobil: 0744.557.623
email: presedinte@cciatl.ro
7. Rducu Laurenia-Venera
telefon mobil: 0742.133.005
email: mediator.raducu@yahoo.com
8. Selaru Adrian
telefon mobil: 0742.358.784; 0732.423.001
9. Vasile Marin
telefon mobil: 0746.344.028;
email: avocat_marin_vasile@yahoo.com

ISSN 2069-1378  10,00 lei