Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
de la
adrenalina panicii, furtuna citokinica
la
ghidul Societatii Europene de
Endocrinologie din aprilie 2020
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
4. Aspecte actuale
Agenda: COVID-19 si practica endocrina
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
4. Aspecte actuale
Introducere
Infectia cu coronavirus (COVID-19)
• cauzata de SARS-COV2
• potential letal
• impact global (pandemie)
• start: Wuhan, China
• origine zoonotica dar infectie persoana-persoana
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
4. Aspecte actuale
Scop
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
4. Aspecte actuale
Metoda
Cuvinte-cheie: “coronavirus CCOVID-19”
PubMed
Metoda
Nivelul de evidenta statistica
Pyramid of EBD (Evidence-based medicine)
Metoda
EBD: aplicatii in pandemie
Agenda: COVID-19 si practica endocrina
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
Intro 4. Aspecte actuale
Intro
Adrenaline rush
Intro
“Lupta sau fugi”
Intro
Implicarea sistemului endocrin in raspunsul “fight or flight”
Intro
It’s all about brain!
Intro
Raspunsul de panica…
= o reactie adaptativa
• integreza un anumit pattern comportamental &
raspuns endocrin & cardio-respirator
• aria hipotalamica posterioara = a panicii
– dorsal (hipotalamus perifornical)
– dorsomedial spre fornix
= aceeasi responsabila de ritmul circadian
= sintetizeaza orexina/hipocretina (=wake promoting
neuropeptide)
– moduleaza raspunsul adaptativ la panica
– ORX hipoactiv → narcolepsie
– ORX hiperativ → status de panica patologic/anxietate
Johnson P. et al. Orexin, Stress, and Anxiety/Panic States. Prog Brain Res. 2012;198:133-61
Agenda: COVID-19 si practica endocrina
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
4. Aspecte actuale
Agenda: COVID-19 si practica endocrina
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
Ce urmarim:
• patologii la risc pentru COVID-19 4. Aspecte actuale
• pattern de evolutie al bolii
endocrine modificat
• aspecte organizatorice in practica
medicala
Agenda
Aspecte practice actuale
1. Ghidul Societatii Europene de Endocrinologie
COVID-19
Aprilie 2020: statement ESE
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID-19 si bolile endocrine:
statement ESE 2020
Populatii la risc cu:
• diabet zaharat
±
• obezitate
• insuficienta CSR
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID-19 & bolile endocrine: ESE 2020
Interferentele cauzate de diabet zaharat:
• hiperglicemia cronica → anomalii imune
• pandemia de gripa A (H1N1): X3 risc de spitalzare
• COVID-19 Wuhan: mortalitate ↑ asociata cu:
– HTA 53.8%
– DZ 42.3%
– BCI 19.2%
– AVC 15.4%
– mortalitate 2.3% (la cei fara comorbiditati: 0.9%
• in orice gripa: un anumit grad de miocardita
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID-19 & bolile endocrine: ESE 2020
Rata mortalitatii in functie de comorbiditati
• 10.5% boala
cardiovascular
a preexistenta
• 7.3% DZ
• 6% boala
respiratorie
cronica
• 6% HTA
• 6% cancer
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID-19 & bolile endocrine: ESE 2020
Rata mortalitatii in functie de comorbiditati
• 14.8% > 80 ani
• 8% intre 70-79 ani > 60 ani
• 3.6% intre 60-69 ani
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
CORONADO: primul studiu pe DZ
• 10% mor in primele 7 zile de spitalizare
• 2/3 ♂
Diabetologia 2020
CO-vid … CO-morbiditati
• Prevalenta comorbiditatilor vs. risc asociat mortalitatii
CO-vid … CO-morbiditati
• Datele initiale din China
COVID-19 & DZ
• Proiectii asupra urmatorilor 2 ani
COVID-19 & DZ
• Intrebari
COVID-19 & bolile endocrine: ESE 2020
Obezitatea
• date limitate la momentul
publicarii
• risc de alveolita distructiva
→ insuficienta respiratorie
→ deces
Mecanisme potentiale:
• asocierea cu sleep apneea
• disfunctie de surfactant
• profil glicemic alterat (DZ2)
• disfunctie ventilatorie
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID-19 & bolile endocrine: ESE 2020
Obezitatea
• date limitate la momentul
publicarii
• risc de alveolita distructiva
→ insuficienta respiratorie
→ deces
Mecanisme potentiale:
• asocierea cu sleep apneea
• disfunctie de surfactant
• profil glicemic alterat (DZ2)
• disfunctie ventilatorie
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID-19 si obezitatea
COVID-19 & bolile endocrine: ESE 2020
Malnutritia
• cauzata de COVID (status inflamator acut) = stare
hiporexica
• necesar 25-30 kcal/kgc
• 1.5 g proteine/kg/zi
• → 2-3 g/proteine/kg/zi la spitalizati
• suplimente VD • insuficienta CSR
• hipertiroidism
• anorexia nervosa
• tumori neuroendocrine
• osteomalacie
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID-19 & bolile endocrine: ESE 2020
Insuficienta CSR
• in general Boala Addison & HAC: risc ↑ de infectii
• NU sunt date specifice
Puig-Domingo M. et al. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European
Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. April 2020.
COVID & insuficienta CSR
infectie → doza!
diaree → doza!
Deficitul de VD
• NU administrarea preventiva la cei cu 25OHD normala
• DA doze zilnice la cei cu deficit
• NU doze mari in bolus
ACM
• NU creste riscul de infectie
• posibil forme mai severe prin DZ, sleep apneea
American College of Radiology -
statement
Agenda
Aspecte practice actuale
1. Ghidul Societatii Europene de Endocrinologie
2. Pozitia oficiala a Comisiei de Endocrinologie a
Ministerului Sanatatii
3. Editorial sub egida Endocrine Society
Piramida EBD
Endocrinologii in fata COVID-19
Editorial: Endocrine Society 31 March 2020
ICSR
• “sick day rules”
• dubleaza doza la orice febra, tuse
5% din populatie sub corticoterapie
• risc aditiv pentru DZ, boli pulmonare, varsta
Substitutie parenterala
• doze fiziologice de stres, nu farmacologice
❑ ”guidance” OMS: cei cu sindrom de distres respirator acut datorat SARS/
MERS - corticoterapia fara beneficiu sau cu risc > de necesitate de
ventilatie/mortalitate
Dezechilibru hidro-electrolitic
• pierdere volemica prin febra, tahipnee/imposibilitate hidratare
• risc ↗ in DI, NET
Endocrinologii in fata COVID-19
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
• enzima de conversie a
angiotensinei 2 functioneaza ca
receptor pentru SARS-CoV-2
= mecanismul de intrare a
virusului in celula
Glucocorticoizii atenueaza
expresia angiotensinei 1-7 si
expresia receptorului Mas → rolul
redus in infectia SARS-CoV
Bornstein S. et al. Nature Review. Endocrinology. 2020 Apr
Endocrinologii in fata COVID-19
Rolul IECA si al blocantilor de receptori AG
N=5270
15 studii
NU de hipocalcemie, hiperglicemie
Gittos N. et al. Management of calcium metabolic disorders and osteoporosis. EJE. 2020 11 May
ESE - II
COVID-19 & bolile metabolice osoase
Hipercalcemia acuta:
• anorexia, astenia, mialgiile = comune cu COVID
• deshidratarea din infectie → agraveaza hipercalcemia
Gittos N. et al. Management of calcium metabolic disorders and osteoporosis. EJE. 2020 11 May
ESE - III
COVID-19 & bolile metabolice osoase
Hipercalcemia acuta non-PTH dependenta:
Gittos N. et al. Management of calcium metabolic disorders and osteoporosis. EJE. 2020 11 May
ESE - IV
COVID-19 & bolile metabolice osoase
Hipocalcemia acuta:
• potential letal
• se agraveaza in infectii sincrone
• poate evolua si asimptomatic
Gittos N. et al. Management of calcium metabolic disorders and osteoporosis. EJE. 2020 11 May
Hipocalcemie post-tiroidectomie agravata
de COVID-19?
• 72 ani
• ca T = 4.7 mg/dL
• PTH = 10 pg/mL
• 25OHD = 8 ng/mL
Mesaje cheie ESE
• “new model of working” , “digital health solutions”
• urgente: hiper/hipocalcemia
• in pandemie: acidul zolendronic poate fi amanat 6-9
luni
• denosumab, teriparatide, abaloparatide – uzual
• STOP temporar TPT/APT (“many weeks”): safe
• STOP DEN: ↑ rapid riscul de fractura
• denosumab – asigurarea necesarului VD pre-injectie
(25.000-50.000 UI stat)
Gittos N. et al. Management of calcium metabolic disorders and osteoporosis. EJE. 2020 11 May
Proiectul ECHO
Proiectul ECHO & COVID-19
Girgis CM. et al. Osteoporosis in the age of COVID-19. Osteoporosis International. 2020 April
IOF & NOF
• fractura de sold:
mortalitate 20% in I an
• 1/3 din ♀, 1/5 din ♂ =
fractura osteoporotica pe
parcursul vietii
• reactie flu-like la 50% din
bifosfonati IV
• DE EVITAT oprirea DEN!
• DE EVITAT imobilizarea
Girgis CM. et al. Osteoporosis in the age of COVID-19. Osteoporosis International. 2020 April
ASBMR (American Society for Bone and Mineral Research)
Managementul osteoporozei
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
4. Aspecte actuale
De la endocrinologie
la…virusologie
Agenda: COVID-19 si practica endocrina
1. Introducere
2. Scop
3. Metoda
4. Aspecte actuale
De la endocrinologie
la…virusologie
De la endocrinologie la…virusologie
• ?
• supraproductia vs.normal: CXCL10, CXCL8, TNF alfa,
IFN gama
• exces de IL-6, IL-10
• numar ↓ de limfocite T, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell
• up-regulation gena ce codifica CXCL10
De la endocrinologie la…virusologie
414
articole
Panelul de biomarkeri in COVID-19
Proteina C reactiva
• produsa de ficat
• marker de inflamatie (reactant de faza acuta)
• similar IL-6 (+VSH, fibrinogen)
≈ severitatea bolii
LDH
• stimulata de necroza membranara
• marker predictiv de severitate
D-dimeri
• provin din liza fibrinogenului (virusul are actiune
fibrinololitica) → ≈ anomalii hemostatice
Troponina cardiaca
• marker de progresie & mortalitate
≈ injuria miocardica