Unghiul a dou` drepte [n spa\iu

Probleme
 Problema 1
Fie cubul ABCDEFGH.
S` se determine:
a) m<(BG, AD); m<(BG, AE);
b) m<(BG, DC);
c) m<(AH, GD);
d) tg<(BH, DC);
e) m<(BH, AF);
f) m<(AH, FC);
g) sin<(FD, EC).
1.a1)

m<(BG, AD) = ?
 1.a1)

AD | | BC

m<(BG, AD) = m<(BG, BC) = m<(CBG)

1.a1)

m<(BG, AD) = m<(CBG) = 45o

1.a2)

m<(BG, AE) = ?
 1.a2)

AE | | BF

m<(BG, AE) = m<(BG, BF) = m<(FBG)

1.a2)

m<(BG, AE) = m<(FBG) = 45o

1.b)

m<(BG, DC) = ?
 1.b)

DC | | AB

m<(BG, DC) = m<(BG, AB) = m<(ABG)

1.b)

m<(BG, DC) = m<(ABG) = 90o

1.c)

m<(AH, GD) = ?
 1.c)

AH | | BG

m<(AH, GD) = m<(BG, GD) = m<(BGD)

1.c)

m<(AH, GD) = m<(BGD) = 60o

1.d)

tg<(BH, DC) = ?
 1.d)

DC | | AB

tg<(BH, DC) = tg<(BH, AB) = tg<(ABH)

 1.d)

tg<(BH, DC) = tg<(ABH) = AH/AB = 2

1.e)

m<(BH, AF) = ?
 1.e)

AF | | BI

m<(BH, AF) = m<(BH, BI) = m<(HBI)

 1.e)

5 BI2+BH2=HI2
BI=a 2; BH=a ; 3HI=a ; =>

m<(BH, AF) = m<(HBI) = 90o

1.f)

m<(AH, FC) = ?
 1.f)

AH | | BG

m<(AH, FC) = m<(BG, FC) = m<(FOG)

1.f)

m<(AH, FC) = m<(FOG) = 90o

1.g)

sin<(FD, EC) = ?
1.g)

sin<(FD, EC) = sin(EOF)

 1.g)

a 2 1 a2 2
A(EOF) = EF . OM/2 = a
2

2

4
2 A ( EOF ) 2 2
sin<(FD,EC)=sin<(EOF)= 
EO  OF 3
 Problema 2
Fie paralelipipedul dreptunghic ABCDEFGH cu AB
= a, BC = a , AE = a. 2
Determina\i:
a) m<(HC, AD);
b) m<(HC, AB);
c) m<(HC, AE);
d) tg<(HB, AE);
e) m<(HB, AD).
2.a)

m<(HC, AD) = ?
 2.a)

AD | | EH

m<(HC, AD) = m<(HC, EH) = m<(CHE)

2.a)

m<(HC, AD) = m<(CHE) = 90o

2.b)

m<(HC, AB) = ?
 2.b)

AB | | CD

m<(HC, AB) = m<(HC, CD) = m<(HCD)

2.b)

m<(HC, AB) = m<(DCH) = 45o

2.c)

m<(HC, AE) = ?
 2.c)

AE | | DH

m<(HC, AE) = m<(HC, DH) = m<(DHC)

2.c)

m<(HC, AE) = m<(DHC) = 45o

2.d)

tg<(HB, AE) = ?
 2.d)

AE | | DH

tg<(HB, AE) = tg<(HB, DH) = tg<(DHB)

 2.d)

DBAD, m(<A) = 90o => BD = a 3

tg<(HB, AE) = tg<(DHB) = BD/DH = 3

2.e)

tg<(HB, AD) = ?
 2.e)

AD | | BC

m<(HB, AD) = m<(HB, BC) = m<(HBC)

2.e)

m<(HB, AD) = m<(HBC) = 45o

 Problema 3
Fie tetraedrul regulat (piramida triunghiular`
cu toate fe\ele triunghiuri echilaterale)
VABC ]i M mijlocul lui AC.
Determina\i:
a) sin<(VM, BC);
b) m<(VC, AB).
3.a)

sin<(VM, BC) = ?
 3.a)

MN | | BC

sin<(VM,BC) = sin<(VM,MN)= sin<(VMN)

 3.a)

a 11
VP2 = VM2 – MP2 => VP =
4

sin<(VM,BC)=sin<(VMP)=VP/VM= a 33
6
3.b)

m<(VC, AB) = ?
 3.b)

AB | | MQ ; VC | | MR

m<(VC, AB) = m<(MR, MQ) = m<(RMQ)

3.b)

RQ2 = VQ2 – VR2 => RQ2 = VQ2 – VR2

m<(VC, AB) = m<(RMQ) = 90o

 Problema 4
{n piramida patrulater` regulat` VABCD se
]tie c` VB = AB = a cm ]i M, N sunt
mijloacele lui BC, AD. Determina\i:
a) m<(VB, DC);
b) b) m<(VA, VC);
c) c) sin<(VM, AC);
d) d) sin<(VM, VN).
4.a)

m<(VB, DC) = ?
 4.a)

CD | | AB

m<(VB, DC) = m<(VB,AB)= m<(VBA)

4.a)

DVAB = echilateral

m<(VB, DC) = m<(VBA) = 60o

4.b)

m<(VA, VC) = ?
4.b)

m<(VA, VC) = m<(AVC)

4.b)

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 => AC2 = VA2 + VC2

m<(VA, VC) = m<(AVC) = 90o

4.c)

sin<(VM, AC) = ?
 4.c)

AC | | MP

sin<(VM,AC) = sin<(VM,MP)= sin<(VMP)

 4.c)

30
sin<(VM,AC) =sin<(VMQ) =VQ/VM=
6
4.d)

sin<(VM, VN) = ?
4.d)

sin<(VM, VN) = sin<(MVN)

 4.d)

2 A (MVN )2 2
sin<(VM,VN)=sin<(MVN)= 
VM  VN 3
 Problema 5
{n prisma triunghiular` regulat` ABCA'B'C' se
cunosc AB = 10 cm, AA' = 10 cm.
2
S` se afle m<(AC', CB').
5.

m<(AC’, CB’) = ?
 5.

CB’ | | C’D

m<(AC’,CB’) = m<(AC’,C’D) = m<(AC’D)

5.

AC’2 = AC2 + CC’2 => AC’ = DC’ = 10 3

AD2 = BD2 - AB2 => AD=AC’=DC’= 10 3
=> m<(AC’,CB’) = m<(AC’D) = 60o
 Problema 6
Fie ABC, (AB)  (AC), m<(A) = 72 ]i
EBCD un p`trat astfel [nc@t E  (ABC).
S` se determine:
a) m<(AB, ED);
b) m<(MN, DC), unde M ]i N sunt mijloacele
laturilor AB ]i AC;
c) m<(MN,EC).
6.a)

m<(AB, ED) = ?
 6.a)

ED | | BC

m<(AB,ED) = m<(AB,BC) = m<(ABC)

 6.a)

m<(AB,ED)=m<(ABC)=(180o-72o)/2= 54o
6.b)

m<(MN, DC) = ?
 6.b)

MN | | BC

m<(MN,DC) = m<(BC,DC) = m<(BCD)

6.b)

EBCD = p`trat

m<(MN,DC) = m<(BCD) = 90o

6.c)

m<(MN, EC) = ?
 6.c)

MN | | BC

m<(MN,EC) = m<(BC,EC) = m<(BCE)

6.c)

ABCD = p`trat

m<(MN,EC) = m<(BCE) = 45o

 Problema 7
Fie romburile ABCD ]i ABFE situate [n plane
diferite astfel [nc@t m<(ABC) = 50,
m<(ABF) = 30 ]i CF = AD. Determina\i:
a) m<(EF, BC);
b) m<(EA,DC);
c) m<(FB, AD);
d) m,(ED, BC);
e) m<(ED, FC);
f) m<(AF, DC).
7.a)

m<(EF, BC) = ?
 7.a)

EF | | AB

m<(EF,BC) = m<(AB,BC)= m<(ABC)=50o

7.b)

m<(EA, DC) = ?
 7.b)

DC | | AB; EA | | FB

m<(EA,DC) = m<(AB,FB)= m<(ABF)

Aten\ie: m(<(EA, DC) trebuie s` fie m`sur` de unghi ascu\it !
7.b)

m<(EA,DC) = m<(ABF) = 30o

7.c)

m<(FB, AD) = ?
 7.c)

AD | | BC

m<(FB,AD) = m<(FB,BC)= m<(FBC)

7.c)

BC = FB = CF => DBCF = echilateral

m<(FB,AD) = m<(FBC) = 60o

7.d)

m<(ED, BC) = ?
 7.d)

ED | | FC

m<(ED,BC) = m<(FC,BC)= m<(FCB)

7.d)

BC = FC = BF => DBCF = echilateral

m<(ED,BC) = m<(FCB) = 60o

7.e)

m<(ED, FC) = ?
 7.e)

EF || DC ]i EF = DC => CDEF = paralelogram

ED || FC => m<(ED,FC) = 0o
7.f)

m<(AF, DC) = ?
 7.f)

DC | | AB

m<(AF,DC) = m<(AF,AB)= m<(FAB)

 7.f)

AB = BF => m<(FAB) = (180o-m<(ABF))/2

m<(AF,DC) = m<(FAB) = 75o