To work = A munci (verb regulat)

1.1. I work - Present Tense - Timpul Present

I work
You work
He works
She works
We work
You work
They work
Verbul exprima o actiune prezenta nelimitata in timp.
1. Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane este echivalent cu Present Tense din engleza
O actiune prezenta in derulare (mereu, cateodata sau niciodata)
What do you do? I work at a bank. Cu ce te ocupi? Lucrez la o banca.
She never works so late Ea niciodata nu lucreaza atat de tarziu.
Un adevar absolut, chiar daca se desfasoara si in clipa asta
The earth spins around the sun. Pamantul se invarteste in jurul soarelui.

Se poate folosi pe post de viitor


The store closes at 9:00 pm. Magazinul se inchide la 9:00pm.
Viitorul din limba romana se traduce cu Present Tense in limba engleza dupa: after, before, when, as
soon as, while etc daca exprima o actiune viitoare
Someday when I am big and strong. Candva, cand voi fi mare si puternic.
2. Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu Present Tense din engleza

Atunci cand verbul descrie o actiune care se desfasoara acum (in clipa dialogului) - atunci se
foloseste Prezentul Continuu.
I am working in the garden Lucrez in gradina
Folosind verbul in engleza la prezentul continuu indica faptul ca te referi la clipa asta.
I work in the garden - inseamna ca asta e ocupatia ta. De exemplu ca esti gradinar.










1.2. I am working - Present Continuous - Prezent Continuu
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Verbul exprima o actiune in derulare in prezent care se petrece simultan cu o alta actiune. Este legat
de actiuni concrete.
1. Situatii in care timpul prezent din romana este echivalent cu Present Continuous din engleza
Verbul reprezinta o actiune ce se petrece in clipa asta (simultana cu momentul in care se
vorbeste)
I am working on my new book. Lucrez la noua mea carte.

Verbul descrie o actiune generala dar simultana cu o alta actiune
By the time the alarm goes off I am already
working.
Cand suna ceasul eu deja lucrez (am inceput
lucrul)
2. Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu Present Continuous din
engleza




1.3. I have worked - Present Perfect - Prezent Perfect
I have worked
You have worked
He has worked
She has worked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked
Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat prezent
1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present
Perfect al limbii engleze
Daca actiunea a inceput inaintea momentului prezent si e inca in desfasurare sau daca efectul
ei se vede in prezent
I have worked all my adult life. Am muncit toata viata mea adulta (si inca mai muncesc).

Daca verbul e insotit de un adverb (mereu, cateodata, niciodata etc):
I have never worked so late before. Niciodata nu am mai lucrat atat de tarziu (pana acum).
Atentie: Fata de 1.1. exista urmatoarea diferenta:
I never work so late. inseamna: Nu lucrez atat de tarziu (ca si in romana) adica refuzi ideea pentru ca
nu lucrezi niciodata atat de tarziu, pe cand I never have worked so late before inseamna ca desi nu ai
mai lucrat atat de tarziu, acum lucrezi (atat de tarziu).
2. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus al limbii romana NU este echivalent cu Present Perfect din
limba engleza


1. Cand se foloseste Present Perfect Continuous 1.4 I have been working
2. Cand se foloseste Past Tense 1.5 I worked




1.4. I have been working - Present Perfect Continuous - Prezent Perfect Continuu
I have been working
You have been working
He has been working
She has been working
We have been working
You have been working
They have been working

O actiune care s-a desfasurat pana acum, si va continua probabil si in viitor.
1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present
Perfect Continuous din limba engleza

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa in trecut, continuata in prezent, si care poate continua si
in viitor


I have been working on the railroad
All live long day
I've been working on the railroad
Just to while my time away.
Am muncit la calea ferata
Cat e ziua de lunga
Am muncit la calea ferata
Ca sa mai treaca timpul.
E un binecunoscut cantec englezesc. Am muncit la calea ferata toata ziua si o voi face probabil si in
viitor.
2. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu
Present Perfect Continuous din engleza

Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.3. I have worked
Vezi cazurile timpului Past Tense 1.5. I worked


1.5. I worked - Past Tense - Timpul Trecut
I worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
Past Tense reprezinta actiunea care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.


1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past
Tense din engleza
Verbul reprezinta o actiune trecuta ce nu a fost intrerupta, nu e concomitenta cu alta actiune,
nu se continua in prezent.
I worked till my hands hurt Am muncit pana ma dureau palmele.
Asta e usor de inteles, Am muncit dar acum m-am oprit.
Deasemeni acest timp se foloseste foarte mult in povestiri (de exemplu vezi poeziile de la
Literatura)
2. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past
Tense din engleza
Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.3. I have worked
Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect Continuous 1.5. I have been working
Exista situatii in care Past Tense din limba engleza nu se traduce prin Perfectul Compus (am muncit)
din limba romana. Ca exemplu vedeti primul caz de mai sus sau binecunoscutul cantec pentru copii
de mai jos.
All around the cobbler's bench
The monkey chased the weasel
The monkey thought it was all in fun
Pop! goes the weasel
In jurul mesei cizmarului
Maimuta fugarea nevastuica
Maimuta credea ca se joaca
Bum! face nevastuica
Dupa cum vedeti verbul to chase cu Past Tense chased (e verb regulat la fel ca to work) se traduce
prin fugarea (Imperfect) sau fugari (considerat timpul folosit in povestiri in romaneste) iar
thought(Past Tense de la to think) se traduce tot prin Imperfect.
Atentie: Daca aveti indoieli ce timp trecut al verbului sa folositi in propozitii alegeti acest timp - Past
Tense. Va fi mai putin deranjanta greseala.


1.6. I was working - Past Continuous - Trecut Continuu
I was working
You were working
He was working
She was working
We were working
You were working
They were working
Past Continuous se refera la un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut care se petrece simultan
cu un alt eveniment.
1. Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past Continuous
din limba engleza
Verbul exprima o actiune in trecut care a fost intrerupta de alta actiune (ca si "munceam" pe
romaneste)
I was working when the meteorite fell/the
phone rang/you showed up.
Munceam cand meteoritul a cazut/a sunat
telefonul/ai aparut tu.
I was walking in the park one day
In the merry, merry month of May
I was taken by surprise
By a pair of pearly eyes
In the merry, merry month of May
Ma plimbam in parc intr-o zi
In vesela, vesela luna Mai
Am fost luat prin surprindere
De niste ochi perlati
In vesela, vesela luna Mai
Atentie: In cantecul de mai sus was walking este Past Continuous dar was taken nu este Past
Continuous. I was taken inseamna am fost luat (este la Diateza Pasiva). Daca vrei sa exprimi verbul
la Past Continuous zici I was taking.


2. Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past
Continuous din engleza
Verbul folosit nu are forma continua - atunci se foloseste deobicei Past Tense.
He wanted to come with us. El vroia sa vina cu noi. (was wanting e gresit)
Actiunea e de durata, e o rutina pe care nu o mai practicam - atunci se foloseste used to -
obisnuiam sa/obisnuiai sa etc.
As a boy, I used to wander through the woods Fiind baiet, paduri cutreieram
Verbul exprima o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat sau anterioara unei alte actiuni
tot in trecut - atunci se foloseste Past Perfect
I had worked as a goldminer for a long time
when I finally struck it rich.
Lucram de mult timp ca miner de aur cand
in sfarsit am dat de bogatii.
1.7. I had worked - Past Perfect - Trecut Perfect
I had worked
You had worked
He had worked
She had worked
We had worked
You had worked
They had worked

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment trecut sau anterioara unei actiuni
trecute.


1. Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) din limba romana este echivalent cu
Past Perfect din engleza
Verbul este o actiune ce s-a terminat in trecut fata de momentul/actiunea tot trecuta la care se
raporteaza
Emily a spus (trecut) ca lucrase in gradina (si mai vechi) in dimineata aceea
Emily said she had worked in her garden that morning.

Atentie: La fel ca in romaneste aceste timpuri nu sunt batute in cuie.
Emily a spus ca a lucrat in gradina in dimineata aceea
Emily a spus ca lucra in gradina in dimineata aceea
Emily a spus ca lucrase in gradina in dimineata aceea
Toate aceste forme sunt des folosite iar folosirea lor in romaneste depinde (oarecum) de context.
Traducerea acestor propozitii:
Emily said she worked in the garden that morning
Emily said she was working in the garden that morning
Emily said she had worked in the garden that morning
Emily said she had been working in the garden that morning
se folosesc deasemeni in limbajul curent in engleza depinzand si ele (oarecum) de context, dar fiind
interschimbabile de multe ori.

1.8. I had been working - Past Perfect Continuous - Trecut Perfect Continuu
I had been working
You had been working
He had been working
She had been working
We had been working


You had been working
They had been working
Verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost oprit de o alta actiune a
carui urmari continua si azi.
1. Situatii in care imperfectul (munceam, lucram) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Perfect
Continuous din engleza
Verbul exprima o actiune trecuta, ce se afla inca in desfasurare, in momentul cand s-a produs o
alta actiune tot din trecut.
They had been working on the new house before the
fire destroyed it
(Ei) lucrau la casa cea noua inainte sa fie
distrusa de foc
He had been working slowly before hearing of the
new deadline.
(El) muncea incet inainte sa afle de noul
termen limita.
Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past
Perfect Continuous din engleza
They had been working on the new house for many
months before the fire destroyed it
(Ei) lucrasera luni de zile la casa cea noua
inainte sa fie distrusa de foc
Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul si/sau imperfectul din limba romana NU este echivalent cu
Past Perfect Continuous din engleza
Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.6. I was working
Vezi cazurile timpului Past Continuous 1.7. I had worked





1.9. I will work - Future Tense (I am going to work) - Timpul Viitor
I will work
You will work
He will work
She will work
We will work
You will work
They will work

Verbul reprezinta o actiune viitoare nelimitata in timp.
1. Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana este echivalent cu Future Tense
din engleza
Daca verbul reprezinta o actiune in viitor si nu va fi intrerupta, nu e concomitenta cu alta actiune
folositi Future Tense.
I will work OK? Am sa muncesc, BINE?
Someday when I am big and strong
I will walk that road and sing a song
I will sing of roads so green and wide
That turn and bend from side to side
I will sing of roads that turn and bend
That go from town to rainbow's end
Intr-o zi cand voi fi mare si puternic
Voi merge pe acel drum si voi canta un cantec
Voi canta despre drumuri verzi si late
Care se indoaie si serpuiesc dintr-o parte in alta
Voi canta despre drumuri serpuitoare
Care merg din oras pana la capatul curcubeului
Atentie: vezi (1.1 I work) pentru primul vers din poezia de mai sus


Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Future Tense
din engleza
Cand verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor - atunci se foloseste
Future Continuous 1.10. I will be working
I will be working in Paris next year Voi lucra la Paris la anul
Un alt mod de a exprima viitorul e folosind to be going to - intentionez sa
I am going to wait for him at the station Il voi astepta la gara.

1.10. I will be working - Future Conntinuous - Viitor Continuu
I will be working
You will be working
He will be working
She will be working
We will be working
You will be working
They will be working

Verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor
She will be coming round the mountain when she comes Cand vine, (ea) va veni in jurul muntelui




1.11. I will have worked - Future Perfect - Viitor Perfect
I will have worked
You will have worked
He will have worked
She will have worked
We will have worked
You will have worked
They will have worked

Echivalentul lui voi fi lucrat
I will have worked for 20 years next month. Luna viitoare eu o sa fi lucrat de 20 de ani.


1.12. I will have been working - Future Perfect Continuous - Viitor Perfect Continuu
I will have been working
You will have been working
He will have been working
She will have been working
We will have been working
You will have been working
They will have been working



Acest timp nu prea se foloseste, pune mai mult accentul pe perioada lunga de timp decat 1.11 Future
Continuous
Se traduce tot prin voi fi lucrat, si ca toate formele de timpuri continue implica o actiune in derulare
By 2015 he will have been working for 40 years In 2015 el va fi lucrat de 40 de ani



VERBUL IN ENGLEZA LA DIATEZA PASIVA
Actiunea e suportata de subiect. Diateza pasiva exista si in limba romana
De exemplu verbul to wash - a spala (verb regulat: wash - washed - washed)

Eu spal rufele saptamanal (Diateza Activa) devine Rufele sunt spalate saptamanal (de mine)
2.1 I wash the laundry weekly - The laundry is washed weekly (by me).
2.2 I am washing laundry now - The laundry is being washed now (by me).
2.3 I have washed the laundry - The laundry has been washed (by me).
2.4 I have been washing the laundry - The laundry has been washed (by me).
2.5 I washed the laundry yesterday - The laundry was washed yesterday (by me).
2.6 I was washing the laundry - The laundry was being washed (by me).
2.7 I had washed the laundry- The laundry had been washed (by me).
2.8 I had been washing the laundry - The laundry had been washed (by me).
2.9 I will wash the laundry- The laundry will be washed (by me).
2.10 I will be washing the laundry - The laundry will be washed (by me).
2.11 I will have washed the laundry - The laundry will have been washed (by me).
2.12 I will have been washing the laundry - The laundry will have been washed (by me).