Timpurile verbelor in engleza

Asa cum ne asteptam exista 3 timpuri de desfasurare a unei actiuni: prezent(present), trecut(past) si
viitor(future).

Explicatii generale pentru timpurile verbului in engleza

 Timp simplu - verbul reprezinta o actiune prezenta, trecuta sau viitoare nelimitata in timp.
 Timp continuu - verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat prezent, trecut sau
viitor care in momentul acela se petrece simultan cu o alta actiune.
 Timp perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat prezent, trecut
sau viitor
 Timp continuu perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat prezent,
trecut sau viitor si continuind sau nu in acel moment

Infinitive – Past Simple – Past Participle

Present Tense

pt toate verbele cu exceptia celor auxiliare este urmatorul

Se ia forma verbului la infinitivul scurt (fara to) care se pune la toate persoanele.
La persoana a treia sigular se adauga s

Prezentul simplu:

- Este ceva teoretic

- De zi cu zi
- In mod regulat
Ex: - apa fierbe la 100 de grade;
Pamantul e rotund.
- Chesti care nu se repata in mod constat
- Se foloseste pt actiuni obisnuite, care se intampla in present sau in mod regulat, dar nu neaparat
in momentul exact al vorbiri.

Se foloseste:

1. Atunci cand actiunea e in derulare pe termen nelimitat (chiar daca pe termen nelimitat ea nu se
intampla niciodata vezi mai jos)

I sometimes, talk to my cousin on the phone - Cateodata vorbesc cu varul meu (verisoara mea) la
telefon
I see my sister everyday - O vad oe sora mea zilnic
I only see my cousin on weekends - Il vad pe varul meu numai in weekend
I never see my uncle - Nu-l vad niciodata pe unchiul meu

2. Atunci cand ni se prezinta un adevar absolut

The sun heats the earth - Soarele incalzeste pamantul
We breathe oxygen - Noi respiram oxigen
At night, dogs bark at the moon - Noaptea cainii latra la luna

3. Ca viitor

The train arrives at nine - Trenul soseste la 9

I leave in an hour - Plec intr-o ora

4. Dupa: after (dupa), before (inainte), when (cand), as soon as (deindata ce), while (in timp ce) daca
reprezinta o actiune viitoare
Aceata regula e valabila si cu Timpul Prezent din romaneste

When I grow up, I'll be rich and famous. - Cand ma fac mare voi fi bogat si celebru.
I will tell her as soon as I see her. - Am sa-i spun de indata ce o vad

Present Continuous

pentru toate verbele care primesc acest timp.

Se foloseste prezentul verbul auxiliar to be si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului de
conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ing.

Prezentul Continu exprima in general o actiune in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii sau o actiune care
nu a fost terminate la momentul vorbirii.

I am walking - Eu ma plimb
you are walking - Tu te plimbi
He is walking - El se plimba
she is walking - Ea se plimba
it is walking - Se plimba
we are walking - Noi ne plimbam
you are walking - Voi va plimbati
they are walking - Ei se plimba

Se foloseste:

1.Cand reprezinta o actiune care se desfasoara in prezent si care are o perioada limitata de desfasurare.

I am reading Gone with the wind - Citesc Pe aripile vantului

They are watching TV. - Ei se uita la televizor

2.Verbul descrie o actiune generala dar simultana cu alta actiune:

I always get to the bus station when the bus is leaving. - Totdeauna ajung in statie cand pleaca
autobuzul
OBS:

Verbul to be la prezent se foloseste foarte mult (inclusiv ca auxiliar) intr-o forma contractata

Verbele care nu au forma continua se numesc verbe statice.

Ele sunt verbe care nu sunt verbe de actiune.
De exemplu: to be, to belong, to love, to hate, to like, to know, to understand.

De exemplu nu se poate zice ca inteleg ceva acum dar stiu ca peste un timp n-am sa mai inteleg acel
lucru.

Present Perfect

Modul de formare al lui Present Perfect pentru toate verbele regulate.

Se foloseste prezentul verbului auxiliar to have
si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ed.

Prezentul perfect exprima o actiune terminata in trecut sau o actiune din trecut ce continua si in momentul
prezent.

al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:

I have talked - Eu am vorbit

You have talked - Tu ai vorbit
He has talked - El a vorbit
She has talked - Ea a vorbit
We have talked - Noi am vorbit
You have talked - Voi ati vorbit
They have talked - Ei, Ele au vorbit

I have finished the paper for my History class - Am terminat lucrarea. You have won the race

Verbul to have a avea e de multe ori deasemeni contractat ca si verbul to be.

Spre deosebire de acest verb insa care poate fi contractat si ca verb de sine statator, to have se contracta
aproape numai in cazurile cand e verb auxiliar
I have a dog - Am un caine, nu se contracta.

I have - I've
You have - You've
He has - He's
We have - We've
You have - You've
They have - They've

pentru verbele neregulate se formeaza in modul urmator:

Se ia din lista a treia forma a verbului si se foloseste la toate peroanele:
De exemplu pentru to eat - a manca forma a treia e eaten.
I've eaten - Eu am mancat
You've eaten - Tu ai mancat
He's eaten - El a mancat
She's eaten - Ea a mancat
We've eaten - Noi am mancat
You've eaten - Voi ati mancat
They've eaten - Ei, Ele au mancat

Se foloseste:

1. Cand exprimam o actiune inceputa anterior momentului prezent si care are consecinte in prezent.
Aceste consecinte nu sunt neaparat exprimate
De exemplu: Am mancat (deci nu mi-e foame).

No, thank you, I have eaten - Nu multumesc am mancat

2.Daca actiunea din trecut e inca in desfasurare sau daca efectul ei se vede in prezent.

I have painted the house blue - Am vopsit casa in albastru

I have graduated from university last year - Am absolvit facultatea anul trecut.

3.Daca verbul e insotit de un adverb often (mereu), sometimes (cateodata), never (niciodata) etc.
In aceste cazuri adverbul se pune de regula intre auxiliar si verbul respectiv.

I have never been to Oslo - Nu am fost niciodata la Oslo -

She has always helped me.- Ea totdeauna ea m-a ajutat

Present Perfect Continuous

Modul de formare al lui Present Perfect Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si neregulate:
Se foloseste verbul auxiliar to have care se conjuga la present la fiecare persoana.
Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma a treia a verbului auxiliar to be
Se adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la care se adauga terminatia ing

Si aceasta forma verbala apartine timpului prezent si se raporteaza la momentul prezent.

Prezentul perfect continuu (Present perfect continuous) se foloseste pentru actiuni, stari, sentimente începute
în trecut si care se desfasoara si în prezent, poate si în viitor.
Este adesea folosit cu expresii adverbiale ca: for ages (de multă vreme), for three hours (de trei ore), since 19...
(din anul 19...), since last year (de anul trecut), recently (recent), lately (in ultimul timp)

For five years, for 20 minutes, for six weeks, for hours, for two days, since 2 o’clock, since 2003, since Friday,
since last December, since Valentine’s Day, since last July, since many years, since breakfast, since 2 months

al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:

I have been talking

You have been talking
He has been talking
She has been talking
We have been talking
You have been talking
They have been talking

I have been waiting by the phone since 10 a.m - Am asteptat langa telefon de la 10 dimineata.

Prezentul Perfect Continuu se foloseste atunci cand verbul reprezinta o actiune care s-a desfasurat
pana acum, si va continua probabil si in viitor

I've been working on the railroad all live long day - Am muncit la calea ferata cat e ziua de lunga

Present Tense Present Present Perfect Present Perfect

Continuous Continuous
Always= mereu now
Often= adesea right now
Usually= de obicei Listen!
Sometimes = uneori Look!
Seldom= rareori in the morning
Never = niciodata in the afternoon
At night= noaptea in the evening
In the morning= dimineata at noon
In the afternoon= dupa amiaza tonight
In the evening= seara tomorrow
Every day= in fiecare zi next ...
Every week= in fiecare saptamana
Every month= in fiecare luna at the moment
Every night = in fiecaare noapte at present
Every morning = in fiecare dimineata today
Every year this Monday
All the time thisTuesday
Rarely this Wendsday
Every this Friday
on Fridays (Monday, Tuesday) this Saturday
regularly this Sunday
normally this morning
occasionally this evening
once day this month
twice a week this week
this year
Past Tense

to talk - a vorbi e:

I talked - Eu am vorbit
You talked - Tu ai vorbit
He talked - El a vorbit
She talked - Ea a vorbit
We talked - Noi am vorbit
You talked - Voi ati vorbit
They talked - Ei, Ele au vorbit

Pentru toate verbele regulate este prin adaugarea terminatiei ed infinitivului scurt (fara to) al verbului.

pentru verbele neregulate se formeaza in modul urmator:

Se ia din lista a doua forma a verbului si se foloseste la toate peroanele:
De exemplu pentru to eat - a manca forma a doua e ate.

I ate - Eu am mancat
You ate - Tu ai mancat
He ate - El a mancat
She ate - Ea a mancat
We ate - Noi am mancat
You ate - Voi ati mancat
They ate - Ei, Ele au mancat

Verbul to be - a fi are forma la Past Tense was

Totusi acest verb este singurul care nu respecta regula.
Conjugarea o vedeti mai jos.

I was - Eu am fost
You were - Tu ai fost
He was - El a fost
She was - Ea a fost
We were - Noi am fost
You were - Voi ati fost
They were - Ei, Ele au fost

Verbul to have - a avea are forma la Past Tense had:

I had - Eu am avut
You had - Tu ai avut
He had - El a avut
She had - Ea a avut
We had - Noi am avut
You had - Voi ati avut
They had - Ei, Ele au avut

Verbul to do - a face are forma la Past Tense did:

I did - Eu am facut
You did - Tu ai facut
He did - El a facut
She did - Ea a facut
We did - Noi am facut
You did - Voi ati facut
They did - Ei, Ele au facut

Past Tense reprezinta o actiune care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.

E timpul folosit in povestiri

Apelati la el daca actiunea e la trecut si aveti indoieli ce timp sa folositi.

Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ Interogativ negativ

I talked I did not talk Did I talk? Did I not talk?
You talked You did not talk Did you talk? Did you not talk?
He talked He did not talk Did he talk? Did he not talk?
She talked She did not talk Did she talk? Did she not talk?
It talked It did not talk Did it talk? Did it not talk?
We talked We did not talk Did we talk? Did we not talk?
You talked You did not talk Did you talk? Did you not talk?
They talked They did not talk Did they talk? Did they not talk?
Past Continuous

Past Continuous al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:

I was talking - Eu vorbeam

You were talking - Tu vorbeai
He was talking - El vorbea
She was talking - Ea vorbea
We were talking - Noi vorbeam
You were talking - Voi vorbeati
They were talking - Ei, Ele vorbeau

Modul de formare al lui Past Continuous Pentru toate verbele si regulate si neregulate timpul se
formeaza prin conjugarea la past tense a verbului auxiliar to be si adaugarea terminatiei ing
infinitivului scurt (fara to) al verbului.
I was writing him a letter when he knocked on my door - Ii scriam o scrisoare cand mi-a batut la usa
He was sleeping when the earthquake started - El dormea cand a inceput cutremurul

Past Continuous se refera la:

Un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut care se petrece simultan cu un alt eveniment.
De multe ori acest timp e echivalent cu imperfectul din limba romana
(mancam) - Atunci cand verbul exprima o actiune in trecut care a fost intrerupta de altceva.

I was eating when the lights went off -Mancam cand s-a intrerupt lumina.
To work = A munci (verb regulat)

Present Tense Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect

I work I am working I have worked Continuous

You work You are working You have worked I have been working

He works He is working He has worked You have been working

She works She is working She has worked He has been working

We work We are working We have worked She has been working

You work You are working You have worked We have been working

They work They are working They have worked You have been working

They have been working

Past Tense Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous

I worked I was working I had worked I had been working

You worked You were working You had worked You had been working

He worked He was working He had worked He had been working

She worked She was working She had worked She had been working

We worked We were working We had worked We had been working

You worked You were working You had worked You had been working

They worked They were working They had worked They had been working

Future Tense Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect

I will work I will be working I will have worked Continuous

You will work You will be working You will have worked I will have been working

He will work He will be working He will have worked You will have been working

She will work She will be working She will have worked He will have been working

We will work We will be working We will have worked She will have been working

We will have been working

You will work You will be working You will have worked You will have been working

They will work They will be working They will have worked They will have been

working
 Prezentul simplu:

- Este ceva teoretic

- De zi cu zi
- In mod regulat
Ex: - apa fierbe la 100 de grade;
Pamantul e rotund.
- Chesti care nu se repata in mod constat

Se foloseste pt actiuni obisnuite, care se intampla in present sau in mod regulat, dar nu neaparat in
momentul exact al vorbiri.

Prezentul Continu exprima in general o actiune in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii sau o actiune care
nu a fost terminate la momentul vorbirii.

Prezentul perfect exprima o actiune terminata in trecut sau o actiune din trecut ce continua si in momentul
prezent.

Si aceasta forma verbala apartine timpului prezent si se raporteaza la momentul prezent.

Prezentul perfect continuu (Present perfect continuous) se foloseste pentru actiuni, stari, sentimente începute
în trecut si care se desfasoara si în prezent, poate si în viitor.
Este adesea folosit cu expresii adverbiale ca: for ages (de multă vreme), for three hours (de trei ore), since 19...
(din anul 19...), since last year (de anul trecut), recently (recent), lately (in ultimul timp)

Past Tense reprezinta o actiune care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.

Past Continuous se refera la:

Un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut care se petrece simultan cu un alt eveniment.
De multe ori acest timp e echivalent cu imperfectul din limba romana

What = ce

What…for =

When = cand
Where = unde

Which = care, pe care

Who = cine

Whom =

Whose = al cui, a cui, ai cui, ale cui/al carui, a carui, ai carui, ale carui

Why =

Why don’t =

How = cum

How far =

How long =

How many =

How much = cat

How old =

I –sg I me my mine = al meu myself

II-sg you you your yours = al tau yourself
III-sg he him his his = al lui himself
III-sg she her her Hers = al ei herself
III=sg it it its (not userd) itself
I-pl we us our ours = al nostru ourselves
II-pl you you your yours = al vostru yourselves
III-pl they them Their theirs = al lor themselves