Formule de analiz matematic

Asimptote
Asimptote orizontale
Pentru a studia existena asimptotei orizontale spre +la graficul unei funcii se
calculeaz
lim ( )
x
f x
+
.
Cazul 1. Dac aceast limit nu exist sau este infinit atunci graficul nu are asimptot
orizontal spre +.
Cazul 2. Dac aceast limit exist i este finit,egal cu un numr real l ,atunci graficul
are asimptot orizontal spre +dreapta de ecuaie y= l .
Analog se studiaz existena asimptotei orizontale spre

Asimptote oblice
Asimptota olic spre + (dac exist) are ecuaia y=mx!n unde m i n se calculeaz cu
formulele"
[ ]
( )
lim
lim ( )
x
x
f x
m
x
n f x m x
+
+
=
=
Analog se studiaz existena asimptotei olice spre

Asimptote verticale
#e calculeaz
$
$
lim ( )
x x
x x
f x

<
i
$
$
lim ( )
x x
x x
f x

>
.
Dac una din aceste limite este infinit atunci graficul are asimptot %ertical dreapta de
ecuaie
$
x x =
.
Derivata unei funcii intr-un punct:
$
$
$
$
( ) ( )
( )
lim
x x
f x f x
f x
x x

Tanenta la raficul unei funcii in punctul de abscis !

"
:
$ $ $
( ) ( )( ) y f x f x x x =
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%euli de derivare:

&
( )
( )
( )
( )
f g f g
f g f g
c f c f
f g f g f g
f f g f g
g g
+ = +
=
=
= +

=


Tabel cu derivatele unor funcii uzuale Tabel cu derivatele funciilor compuse
( )
( )
( )
( )
&
' &
( '
)
&
$
)
( ) &
( ) '
( ) (
( )
) )
)
&
ln
n n
x x
x x
x x
c
x
x x
x x
x x
x n x
x x
x
x
e e
e e
a a a

=
=
=
=
=
=

=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
&
&
&
&
&
&
)
ln
)
log
ln
sin cos
cos sin
)
cos
)
sin
)
arcsin
)
)
arccos
)
)
)
)
)
a
x
x
x
x a
x x
x x
tgx
x
ctgx
x
x
x
x
x
arctgx
x
arcctgx
x

=
+

=
+
( )
( )
( )
( )
&
' &
( '
)
&
( ) &
( ) '
( ) (
( )
)
&
ln
n n
u u
u u
u u
u u u
u u u
u u u
u n u u
u
u u
u
u
u
e e u
e e u
a a a u

=
=
=
=

=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
&
&
&
&
&
&
ln
log
ln
sin cos
cos sin
cos
sin
arcsin
)
arccos
)
)
)
a
u
u
u
u
u
u a
u u u
u u u
u
tgu
u
u
ctgu
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
arctgu
u
u
arcctgu
u

=
+

=
+
Tabel cu interale nedefinite
#ttp:$$bacalaureat.noads.biz
#ttp:$$bacalaureat.noads.biz
&
'
&
(
'
)
)
&
'
(
)
)
ln
ln
n
n
x x
x x
x
x
dx x C
x
xdx C
x
x dx C
x
x dx C
x
x dx C
n
dx x C
x
e dx e C
e dx e C
a
a dx C
a
+

= +
= +
= +
= +
= +
+
= +
= +
= +
= +

( )
&
&
& &
& &
& &
& &
& &
& &
& &
sin cos
cos sin
)
cos
)
sin
) )
) )
ln
&
)
ln
)
ln
)
arcsin
xdx x C
xdx x C
dx tgx C
x
dx ctgx C
x
x
dx arctg C
x a a a
x a
dx C
x a a x a
dx x x a C
x a
dx x x a C
x a
x
dx C
a
a x
= +
= +
= +
= +
= +
+

= +
+
= + + +
+
= + +

= +

Formula de interare prin pri pentru interale nedefinite este:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x dx f x g x f x g x dx =

Formula de interare prin pri pentru interale definite este:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b b
b
a
a a
f x g x dx f x g x f x g x dx =

Aplicaii ale interalei definite
Aria subraficului unei funcii
Dac
" * , + f a b
este o funcie continu poziti% atunci a%em"
( ) ( )
b
f
a
A f x dx =

&olumul unui corp de rotaie

Dac
" * , + f a b
este o funcie continu atunci a%em"
&
( ) ( )
b
f
a
V C f x dx =

&
'
&
(
'
)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
&
( )
( ) ( )
'
( )
( ) ( )
(
( )
( ) ( )
)
( )
ln ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
ln
n
n
u x u x
u x u x
u x
u x
u x dx u x C
u x
u x u x dx C
u x
u x u x dx C
u x
u x u x dx C
u x
u x u x dx C
n
u x
dx u x C
u x
e u x dx e C
e u x dx e C
a
a u x dx C
a
+

= +
= +
= +
= +
= +
+

= +
= +
= +
= +

&
&
& &
& &
&
& &
sin ( ) ( ) cos ( )
cos ( ) ( ) sin ( )
( )
( )
cos ( )
( )
( )
sin ( )
( ) ) ( )
( )
( ) ) ( )
ln
( ) & ( )
( )
ln ( ) (
( )
u x u x dx u x C
u x u x dx u x C
u x
dx tgu x C
u x
u x
dx ctgu x C
u x
u x u x
dx arctg C
u x a a a
u x u x a
dx C
u x a a u x a
u x
dx u x u x
u x a
= +
= +

= +

= +

= +
+

= +
+

= +
+

( )
&
& &
& &
& &
)
( )
ln ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
arcsin
( )
a C
u x
dx u x u x a C
u x a
u x u x
dx C
a
a u x
+ +

= + +

= +

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