Comparison degrees (comparative, superlative)

- Grade de comparatie (comparativ, superlativ)

Gradele de comparaie exprim n general raportul unui adjectiv fa de
ceva sau starea maxim a acestuia.
De exemplu: mai cald, mai rapid, cel mai bun. Exist trei grade de
comparaie ale adjectivelor:

pozitiv
(sau simplu) - frumos, senin
comparativ - mai frumos, mai senin

superlativ - cel mai frumos, cel mai senin

1. Formarea comparativului

n limba englez, comparativul (comparative) se poate forma n dou

moduri, n funcie de cte silabe are adjectivul.

a) Adjective cu o silab.

Adjectivele formate dintr-o silab formeaz comparativul adugnd

,,-er la forma simpl, [adjectiv_simplu + -er].

Ex.: tall - taller (mai nalt), blue - bluer (mai albastru)

Adjectivele simple, formate din [consoan + o vocal + consoan] vor

dubla consoana final.
Ex.: fat - fatter (mai gras),
big - bigger (mai mare),
hot - hotter (mai fierbinte)

b) Adjective cu dou silabe

Adjectivele formate din dou silabe formeaz comparativul

adaugnd ,,-er la forma simpl, [adjectiv_simplu + -er] sau
cuvntul ,,more n fa, [more + adjectiv_simplu].
,,- er se adaug doar la adjectivele care se termin n: -y, -ly, -ow,
-le, -er, -ure sau la adjectivele: handsome, polite, pleasant,
common, quiet.
 n rest, pentru celelalte, dar i pentru acestea, se poate
aduga ,,more n fa.

Exemple: yellow - yellower /more yellow (mai galben)

simple - simpler /more simple (mai simplu)
tender - tenderer /more tender (mai tandru)

Adjectivele terminate n ,,-y vor inlocui "y" cu "i" nainte de "-er".

Ex.: happy - happier /more happy (mai fericit)
pretty - prettier /more pretty (mai drgu)

c) Adjective cu trei sau mai multe silabe

Adjectivele formate din trei sau mai multe silabe formeaz comparativul
adugnd cuvntul ,,more n fa, [more + adjectiv_simplu].
Ex.: important - more important (mai important)
expensive - more expensive (mai scump)

2. Formarea superlativului

Ca i comparativul, superlativul (superlative) n limba englez se

poate forma diferit, n funcie de cte silabe are adjectivul.

a) Adjective cu o silab

Adjectivele formate dintr-o silab formeaz superlativul adugnd

,,-est la forma simpl, [adjectiv_simplu + -est].
Ex.: tall - tallest (cel mai nalt), blue - bluest (cel mai albastru)

- Adjectivele simple, formate din [consoan + o vocal + consoan] vor

dubla consoana final.
Ex.: fat - fattest (cel mai gras),
big - biggest (cel mai mare),
hot - hottest (cel mai fierbinte)

b) Adjective cu doua silabe

Adjectivele formate din dou silabe formeaz superlativul adugnd

,,-est la forma simpl, [adjectiv_simplu + -est] sau cuvntul ,,most n
fa, [most + adjectiv_simplu].
,,- est se adaug doar la adjectivele care se termin n: -y, -ly, -ow,
-le, -er, -ure sau la adjectivele: handsome, polite, pleasant,
common, quiet.
n rest, pentru celelalte, dar i pentru acestea, se poate
aduga ,,most n fa.
Exemple: yellow - yellowest /most yellow (cel mai galben)
simple - simplest /most simple (cel mai simplu)
tender - tenderest /most tender (cel mai tandru)

- Adjectivele terminate n ,,-y vor nlocui "y" cu "i" nainte de "-est".

Ex.: happy - happiest /most happy (cel mai fericit)
pretty - prettiest /most pretty (cel mai drgu)

c) Adjective cu trei sau mai multe silabe

Adjectivele formate din trei sau mai multe silabe formeaz superlativul
adugnd cuvntul ,,most n fa, [most + adjectiv_simplu].
Ex.: important - most important (cel mai important)
expensive - most expensive (cel mai scump)

3. Forme neregulate

Urmtoarele adjective au forme de comparativ i superlativ total

neregulate (trebuie memorate aa cum sunt):

Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ

good (bun) better (mai bun) best (cel mai bun)
bad (ru) worse (mai rau) worst (cel mai rau)
less (mai mic, mai
little (mic, putin) least (cel mai putin)
putin)
old (batran, in older /elder (mai oldest /eldest (cel mai
varsta) batran) batran)
much /many more (mai mult most (cel mai mult
(mult /multe) /multe) /multe)
further /farther (mai furthest /farthest (cel mai
far (departe)
departe) departe)
 4. Comparaia adjectivelor

Comparaia adjectivelor fa de altceva (lucru, obiect, fiin , eveniment,

loc, etc) se poate forma n mai multe feluri.
- the + superlative
Ex.: This is the oldest theater in London.
- Acesta este cel mai vechi (btrn) teatru din Londra.

- comparative + than - Pentru a compara diferenele dintre dou

obiecte, evenimente sau fiine:
Ex.:He makes fewer mistakes than you do.
- El face mai puine greeli dect faci tu.
Thailand is sunnier than Norway.
- Tailanda e mai nsorit dect Norvegia.
Albert is more humbly than Arthur.
- Albert e mai smerit dect Arthur.

- as + adjective + as - Comparative de egalitate. Construcie folosit

pentru a compara oameni, locuri, fiine, evenimete sau obiecte, ntre care
nu exist diferene:
Ex.: Peter is 28 years old. John is 28 years old. Peter is as old as John.
- Peter are 28 de ani. John are 28 de ani. Peter e la fel de n vrst ca
John.
Ramona is as happy as Raphael. - Ramona e la fel de fericit ca Rafael.
A tiger is as dangerous as a lion. - Un tigru e la fel de periculos ca un leu.

- not as + adjective + as - Se poate arta diferenele dintre dou

substantive folosind contrucia not so/as ...as:
Ex.: Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest.
- Muntele Blanc nu e la fel de nalt ca muntele Everest.
Norway is not as sunny as Thailand.
- Norvegia nu e la fel de nsorit ca Tailanda.
 Adjective - Exerciii i teste englez

- Identificai cuvintele ce reprezint adjective n urmtoarele propozi ii:

(nivel nceptor)
1. This is an easy test._____________________________________
2. He was fat. __________________________________________
3. You are a good boy. ____________________________________
4. This is a wonderful day.__________________________________
5. She likes yellow apples. _________________________________
6. The tomatoes are red.___________________________________
7. They saw a very big elephant.______________________________
8. You seem happy. ______________________________________
9. This is the main purpose of the meeting. ______________________
10. She is asleep. _______________________________________
11. His father is Canadian.__________________________________
12. My brother is a young man. ______________________________
13. Her hair is black. _____________________________________
14. The teacher has a round desk._____________________________

- Trecei adjectivele de mai jos la gradul de compara ie specifcat la fiecare,

ntre paranteze. (nivel mediu)
De exemplu: "big (comparativ)" - bigger
1. big (comparativ) ______________________________________
2. small (superlativ)______________________________________
3. tall (superlativ) _______________________________________
4. blue (comparativ) _____________________________________
5. happy (comparativ) ____________________________________
6. pretty (superlativ) _____________________________________
7. good (comparativ) _____________________________________
8. good (superlativ) ______________________________________
9. little (superlativ) ______________________________________
10. little (comparativ)_____________________________________
11. much (superlativ) _____________________________________
12. many (comparativ) ____________________________________
13. few (comparativ) _____________________________________
14. fat (comparativ) ______________________________________
15. old (superlativ)_______________________________________
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- Traducei urmtoarele adjective, la genul masculin ( ine i cont de gradul
de comparaie). Pentru cele care sunt n limba romn scrie i traducerea n
englez, iar pentru cele n limba englez scriei traducerea n romn.
(nivel avansat)
1. beautiful____________________________________________
2. clean ______________________________________________
3. better______________________________________________
4. cel mai bun__________________________________________
5. cel mai puin_________________________________________
6. more important_______________________________________
7. departe_____________________________________________
8. bluer ______________________________________________
9. cel mai dulce_________________________________________
10. cel mai mare ________________________________________
11. taller _____________________________________________
12. simpler ____________________________________________
13. easy ______________________________________________
14. advanced___________________________________________
15. englezesc___________________________________________
16. round_____________________________________________
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