Conditional IF n Limba Englez

Fraze Condiionale
Exist trei tipuri de fraze condiionale cu IF ("Dac") n limba englez. n
toate, propoziia condiional (cea cu "if") este o propozi ie secundar ce
depinde de una principal.
Propoziia principal poate fi la nceput, sau poate s urmeze dup cea
secundar (condiional cu "if").
Conditional 1
Condiionalul de tip 1 exprim o condiie real i posibil .
n acest tip, n propoziia secundar predicatul st la present, iar n cea
principal avem will + infinitiv scurt.
Ex.: I will go to the seaside if the weather is fine.
- Voi merge la mare dac vremea va fi bun.
If I leave now, I will get home at 8 o'clock.
- Dac plec acum, voi ajunge acas la ora 8.
I will stay at home if it rains.
- Voi sta acas dac va ploua.

n loc de "will" putem avea alte verbe modale, precum can, may,
etc.
Ex.: If you want to, you can borrow my book.
- Dac vrei, poi s mprumui cartea mea.
If it is cloudy, it may rain.
- Dac este nnourat, e posibil s plou.

IF poate fi nlocuit de provided (that), providing, supposing,

suppose, in case.
Ex.: What shall we do, if he is late?
- Ce vom face dac el ntrzie?
What shall we do, supposing he is late?
- Ce vom face presupunnd c el ntrzie?

n loc de Present Simple se poate folosi should + infinitiv, atunci

cnd aciunea din secundar (condiional) este posibil, dar improbabil.
Acest tip de secundar este adesea combinat cu imperativul.
n acest caz, "should" se traduce cu: n caz c, dac s-ar ntmpla c.
Ex.: If she ring up, tell her I am out.
- Dac telefoneaz, spune-i c nu sunt acas.
If she should ring up, tell her I am out.
- n caz c telefoneaz, spune-i c nu sunt acas.
 Conditional 2
Condiionalul de tip 2 exprim o condiie pu in probabil i
se refer la o situaie ipotetic.
n propoziia secundar predicatul st la timpul trecut simplu, iar n
cea principal avem construcia would + infinitiv.
Ex.: I would go to the seaside if the weather were fine.
- A merge la mare dac vremea ar fi bun.
If he came home, his mother would be very happy.
- Dac ar veni acas, mama lui ar fi foarte fericit.
I would stay at home if it rained.
- A sta acas dac ar ploua.

Dei forma de trecut simplu a verbului "to be" (a fi) pentru persoana
I i persoana a III-a singular este "was" , n cazul condiionalei se
folosete forma "were" la toate persoanele.
Ex.: If I were you, I would be more peaceful.
- Dac a fi n locul tu, a fi mai linitit.
He would buy this house if he were rich.
- El ar cumpra casa aceasta dac ar fi bogat.

n loc de "would" , putem avea alte verbe modale, precum "might"

sau "could" .
Ex.: If you worked with more gain, you could buy that car.
- Dac ai munci cu mai mult ctig, ai putea cumpra acea
main.
He might get in trouble, if he did not pay attention.
- Ar putea avea probleme, dac nu ar fi atent.

Conditional 3
Condiionalul de tip 3 exprim o aciune din trecut (care nu s-
a ntmplat) ce ar fi putut fi posibil, dac s-ar fi ndeplinit o
anumit condiie.
n propoziia secundar predicatul st la timpul past perfect, iar n
cea principal avem construcia would + have + participiul (a treia
form a verbului).
Ex.: I would have gone to the seaside if the weather had been fine.
- A fi mers la mare dac vremea ar fi fost bun.
If he had known the truth, he would have done things differently.
- Dac ar fi tiut adevrul, ar fi procedat altfel.
I would have stayed at home if it had rained.
- A fi stat acas dac ar fi plouat.
 n loc de "would" , putem avea alte verbe modale, precum "might"
sau "could" , astfel avem construciile: might + have + participiu
sau could + have + participiu.
Ex.: If he had gone to the garden, he might have met Mary.
- Dac s-ar fi dus n grdin, poate ar fi ntlnit-o pe Mary.
If he had graduated high school, he could have gone to college.
- Dac ar fi absolvit liceul, el ar fi putut merge la colegiu.

Alte particularit i ale condi ionalelor IF

n afar de cele trei tipuri de condiional n englez, mai putem ntlni
condiionala 0 (prezent + prezent) i condiionale mixte (o combinaie
ntre condiionala de tip 2 si 3).
Ex.: If the temperature is below 0 degrees, the water freezes.
- Dac temperatura scade sub 0 grade, apa nghea. (lucru cert)
If she had taken my advice, today she would be happily married.
- Dac mi-ar fi urmat sfatul, astzi ar avea o csnicie fericit.
If he were not so amiable, she wouldnt have been friends with him.
- Dac el nu ar fi aa de amiabil, ea nu s-ar fi mprietenit cu el.

"if not" poate fi nlocuit cu "unless" .

Ex.: I wont go shopping unless you come with me.
(I wont go shopping if you dont come with me.)
- Nu merg la cumprturi dac nu vii cu mine.
I wouldnt have come unless you had invited me.
(I wouldnt have come if you not had invited me.)
- Nu a fi venit dac nu mai fi invitat.

Propoziia circumstanial condiional poate fi nlocuit de un

complement circumstanial condiional, ce poate fi introdus de "but for" .
Ex.: But for her help, he would have been in other country.
(If it had not been for her help, he would have been in other
country.).
- Dac nu l-ar fi ajutat ea, el ar fi fost n alt ar.

De obicei, n propoziia principal care este regent unei condi ionale

ntlnim verbul modal "will" la diverse timpuri (will / would / would
have), acesta poate fi nlocuit de alte verbe modale. Aceste verbe modale
aduc nuane diferite fa de "will".

- "Will" arat gradul de posibilitate cel mai ridicat dintre verbele modale.
Ex.: If her brother is good, she will be very happy.
- Dac fratele ei e bun ea va fi foarte fericit.
(un fapt aproape sigur)
- "May / might" arat tot posibilitate, dar la un grad mai sczut dect will.
Ex.: If it were cloudy, it might rain.
- Dac ar fi nnorat, s-ar putea s plou.
(dar nu este foarte sigur ca va ploua)
- "Can / could" arat abilitatea.
Ex.: If he had been there, he could have helped them.
- Dac ar fi fost acolo, i-ar fi putut ajuta. (dar nu tim sigur dac ar fi
vrut, tim doar c ar fi avut abilitatea de a-i ajuta)

Pe lng exprimarea unei condiii, condiionala se poate referi i la o

promisiune sau o avertizare, n special n cazul condiionalei de tip 1.
Ex.: If you behave yourself, I will buy you a toy.
- Dac te pori frumos, i voi cumpra o jucrie.
If you dont work hard, you will get fired.
- Dac nu munceti din greu, vei fi concediat.

Conditional IF - Exerciii i teste englez

- Scriei verbul din parantez la forma corect pentru condi ional de tip 1,
n acord cu traducerea. (nivel nceptor)
1. If I _____________ (to study) I will pass the exams.
(Dac studiez voi trece examenele.)
2. If the sun shines , we will _____________ (to walk) into garden.
?
(Dac soarele strlucete ne vom plimba n grdin.)
3. If we travel to London, we ____________ (to visit) the museums.
?
(Dac ne deplasm la Londra, vom vizita muzeele.)
4. If my friend ___________ (to come) , I will be very happy.
?
(Dac prietenul meu vine, voi fi foarte fericit.)
5. She ____________ (to sing) with me, if I want.
?
(Ea va cnta cu mine dac vreau.)
6. If he _____________ (to ring up), tell him I am at home.
?
(n caz c telefoneaz, spune-i c sunt acas.)
7. Will you ____________ (to read) this book if she buys it?
?
(Vei citi aceast carte dac ea o cumpr?)
8. I will not come if he ______________ (to leave).
?
(Nu voi veni dac el pleac.)
9. Will you make a salad if we ______________ (to pick) some fruits?
?
(Vei face o salat, dac culegem nite fructe?)
10. If I leave the garden, I ____________ (to plant) flowers.
?
(Dac plec din grdin, nu voi planta flori.)
11. If we take the bus, we _____________ (to arrive) in time.
?
(Dac vom lua autobuzul, nu vom ajunge la timp.)
12. If you wait a minute, I _____________ (to ask) my parents.
?
(Dac atepi un minut, mi voi ntreba prinii.)
13. If it ____________ (to rain) , I will stay at home.
?
(Dac plou, voi sta acas.)
14. If they ___________ (to hurry), they will not catch the train.
?
(Dac nu se grbesc, nu vor prinde trenul.)
15. If you come with me, I ____________ (to do) the shopping with you.
?
(Dac vii cu mine, voi face cumprturile cu tine.)
16. If I am in Venice, I ______________ (to rent) a boat.
?
(Dac sunt n Veneia, voi nchiria o barc.)

- Formati condiionalul de tip 1 sau 2 cu verbul din parantez, n acord cu

traducerea. (nivel mediu)
1. If I ____________ (to come) home earlier, I would prepare dinner.
(Dac a veni acas mai devreme, a pregti cina.)
2. I _____________ (to stay) at home if it snowed.
(A sta acasa dac ar ninge.)
3. I _____________ (to stay) at home, if it rains.
(Voi sta acas, dac plou.)
4. The teacher ___________ (to be) happy if we learn the poem by heart.
(Profesorul va fi fericit dac nvm poezia din inima.)
5. If they __________ (to have) enough money, they would buy a new car.
(Dac ar avea bani suficieni, ar cumpra o main.)
6. If we ____________ (to study), we would pass the exam.
(Dac am studia, am trece examenul.)
7. If Oliver found money, he ___________ (to keep) it.
(Dac Oliver ar gsi bani nu i-ar pstra.)
8. If I __________ (to be) you, I would not go to the party.
(Dac a fi n locul tu, nu a merge la petrecere.)
9. If he _________ (to read), she will go to play.
(Dac el nu citete, ea va pleca s se joace.)
10. Would you __________ (to come) to work if he increased your salary?
(Ai veni s munceti dac i-ar crete salariu?)
11. If you eat fruits and vegetables, you _______ (to have) healthy body.
(Dac mnnci fructe i legume, vei avea corpul sntos.)
12. If Tony ___ (to know) her phone number, he would not give it to others.
(Dac Tony ar ti numrul ei de telefon, el nu l-ar da altora.)
13. If I ___________ (to fly), I would go in the sky.
(Daca a zbura, m-a duce n cer.)
14. If I ___________ (to be) light, I enlightened the world.
(Dac a fi lumin, a lumina lumea.)
15. I ____________ (to give) miracles, if I were holy.
(A drui miracole, dac a fi sfnt.)
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- Formai condiionalul de tip 1, 2 sau 3 cu verbul din parantez, n acord
cu traducerea. (nivel avansat)
1. If we lived in Rome, Francesco ________ (to visit) us.
 (Dac am locui n Roma, Francesco ne-ar vizita.)
2. If he ____________ (to come), tell him I am in the garden.
(n caz c el vine, spune-i c sunt n grdin.)
3. If the teacher ________________ (to explain) the homework, I would
have done it. (Dac profesorul ar fi explicat tema, a fi fcut-o.)
4. If it ______________ (to rain), the children would have played
outside. (Dac nu ar fi plouat, copii s-ar fi jucat afar.)
5. If it were a bird, it _____________ (to fly).
(Dac ar fi pasre, ar putea zbura.)
6. She wouldnt have come unless we ____________ (to invite) her.
(Ea nu ar fi venit dac nu am fi invitat-o.)
7. If it were cold, it ______________ (to snow).
(Dac ar fi frig, s-ar putea s ninga.)
8. If the weather had been nice, they ____________ (to play) football.
(Dac vremea ar fi fost frumoas, ei ar fi jucat fotbal.)
9. If you behave yourself, I ___________ (to give) you a toy.
(Dac te pori frumos, i voi da o jucarie.)
10. If the boys had taken the bus, they ___________ (to arrive) on time.
(Dac bieii ar fi luat autobuzul, ar fi ajuns la timp.)
11. I would have talked, if he ____________ (to ask) me.
(A fi vorbit, dac m-ar fi ntrebat.)
12. If he had come earlier, he ______________ (to meet) Tina.
(Dac el ar fi venit mai devreme, ar fi ntlnit-o pe Tina.)
13. If he _____________ (to see) you, he would have talked to you.
(Dac el te-ar fi vzut, ar fi vorbit cu tine.)
14. If I _____________ (to realize) the truth, I would have stopped.
(Dac a fi realizat adevrul, m-a fi oprit.)
15. Andrew ______________ (to water) the flowers if he stayed at home.
(Andrew ar uda florile, dac ar sta acas.)
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