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Pentru semnificatii diferite sau intre grupe diferite se utilizeaza simboluri diferite (#, ^ sau litere mici) si se
poate preciza intre ce grupuri este facuta comparatia
TABEL in .ppt: folosirea culorilor pt atragerea atentiei
Patients characteristics
SSA primary therapy SSA after surgery
N = 11 N = 62
Age at dg (mean, range) 41 (21 – 62) 40 (21 – 68)
Sex 4M:7F 22 M : 40 F
10 macro 1 57 macro
Tumor size at diagnosis
micro (<1 cm) 4 micro, 1 unknown
10 macro
Tumor size at treatment initiation 42 macro 20 micro
1 micro
0.8 ± 0.6/ 0.9 ± 0.8
Median tumor diameter (cm) 1.95 ± 0.7 / 2.18 ± 1
(p<0.01)
Median nadir GH (ng/mL) 16 ± 45.9 4.5 ± 6.5 (p=0.054)
Pituitary
incidentaloma 97 162 126 95 34 16
NFA 13 27 67 96 79 38
Cushing's disease 9 24 23 9 2 2
ACM 21 111 145 127 82 25
PRM 102 139 52 28 17 8
100%
tumors
60%
Cushing
40% NFA
20% Pituitary
incidentaloma
0%
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 >75
age
Reprezentarea figurilor in alb-negru
Prevalenta tumorilor hipofizare cu varsta
he value of one variable is plotted against the value of another. Each subject is represented by a point in the display.
Grafic de puncte (dotplot)
Media grupului
Dot plots (dot density displays) of a single response show each data value individually. They are most effective for
small to medium sized data sets, that is, any data set where there aren't too many values to display. They are
particularly effective at showing how one group's values compare to another's.
Boxplot (pt valori multe)
The top and bottom of the box are defined by the 75-th and 25-th percentiles of the data. A line through the middle
of the box denotes the 50-th percentile (median). Limitele extreme sunt 99% si 1%.
When data sets contain hundreds of observations at most, it is easy to display them in dot plots. However, the box
plots make it easy to compare medians and quartiles, and they are indispensible when displaying large data sets.
Boxploturile pot sa nu ilustreze perfect
repartitii bimodale
Combinatie de nor de puncte si boxplot
Corelatie
• Coeficientul de corelatie (r, R, or Pearson's r), este o masura a puterii si directiei relatiei
liniare dintre 2 variabile
• Coef de corelatie Spearman ( = corelatia dintre rangurile a 2 variabile)
Reprezentarea rezultatelor mai multor interventii asupra aceluiasi
pacient, intr-un grup de pacienti
Efficacy of SSA analogs after dose increase(n=29)
= before SSA = low-dose SSA = high-dose SSA
Random GH IGF-1
200 7
100
6
50
40
5
30
20
4
10
3
5
4
3
serum IGF 1 x ULN
2
2
1 1
.5 0
.4
Radiotherapy (RT) in prolactinomas
(n = 41, treated with DA>4 years)
99
99
00
01
02
04
05
06
07
al
it i
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
in
Curbe multiple (evolutia mai multor pacienti)
Mean serum GH levels after conventional fractionated RT in 40 patients with acromegaly. Each
point represents the mean, and the vertical lines refer to the standard error.
Logaritmarea este o transformare non-lineara a datelor, care reduce variabilitatea mare a datelor:
apropie valorile mari si le distanteaza intre ele pe cele f. mici
De exemplu, corelatia dintre homocisteina si folat care pare non-linera in graficul 1, este lineara dupa
logaritmarea celor 2 variabile.
Coloane
• Pe axa orizontala este reprezentata valoarea variabilei statistice, pe
axa verticala este reprezentata frecventa absoluta (numarul) sau
relativa (procentul)
40%
12A
20%
n=103 n=22 out of 99
D. IGF-1 and glucose metabolism according to therapeutic strategy. In the surgical group, 24 [47.1%] of cases with normal
and 17 [33.3%] cases with abnormal glucose metabolism normalized IGF-1 vs. 6 [11.8%] normal and 4 [7.8%] abnormal who
remained with
elevated IGF-1 (NS). In the surgical+medical group, 29 [36.2%] normal and 34 [42.5%] abnormal normalized IGF-1 vs. 6
[7.5%] normal and 11 [13.8%] abnormal who did not reach IGF-1 normalization [N = 148] (NS).
Benzi/coloane orizontale
Succes rate 57%
Serum GH in ACM after surgery and / or RT N=68
Cured 16%
Tumor size in ACM after surgery and /or RT
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Este un cerc, a carui arie reprezinta efectivul total al populatiei statistice (100%).
Valorile variabilei se reprezinta prin sectoare de cerc ale caror arii sunt proportionale cu frecventele
relative ale valorilor variabile.
Diagrama circulara
Rezultate Da Nu
DA
Frecventa absoluta 315 441 NU 42%
58%
Frecventa relativa 42% 58%
E X E M P L U
Exercitiu
• Din 100 de pacienti cu ulcer duodenal, 40 sunt femei.
• 50% din barbatii cu ulcer si 20% din femeile cu ulcer consuma alcool
• Reprezentati grafic rezultatele
Exercitiu
100%
90%
80%
30
70%
60%
36
50% ulcer fara alcool
40% ulcer alcool
30%
30
20%
10%
4
0%
Femei Barbati
Curba Kaplan Meyer
• Variabilele de supravietuire corespund timpului scurs între includerea unui subiect într-un studiu şi
apariţia unui eveniment predefinit al studiului:
• •decesul,
• •apariţia unei boli sau a unei complicaţii,
• •apariţia unui simptom, semn,
• •apariţia unei metastaze, recăderea din remisiune,
• •dispariţia unui simptom, semn
• •remisiunea
• •vindecarea
Curba de supravietuire Kaplan Meyer
Supravietuirea in acromegalie
Serum GH Serum IGF-1
p <0.0001 p <0.001
Holdaway IM, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:667-674. Copyright © 2004 The Endocrine Society.
Curba de supravieţuire: - scalariformă:
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
Gr. A: no remnants
.3
Surgery + RT (36) .3
Group B
.2 .2
Gr. B: remnants1 cm
.1 .1
0.0 0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Cumulative incidence of >25% re-growth after surgery in patients with remnants = 23% at 3 years (31% at 4 years) in pt.with
remnants and RT = 7% at 3 and 4 years (p < 0.05)
Figuri complexe
Survival curve and multi-fraction of radiotherapy
PRL
362
200
ng/m
l female, 19 y
91
10 0
35
25
8.4 4.3 6.07 12 10 4.4 6.3
25 0.5 2.6
0
1/8 1/8 1/8 2/3 1/10 1/2 1/8 2/3 1/8 2/3 1/10 2/3 1/10 2/3
Visual
acuity
LVRT
BRC 10
10
30 mg/d 7.5 5 7.5 5 5
2.5 2.5
Preg
Amenorrhea M Amenorrhea Menses nancy
MP A MP M
1978-80 81 1982 1983 1984 1985 1988 89 93 ‘94-99 ‘05
In figura nu trebuie sa fie vizibile date de identificare a pacientului