Sunteți pe pagina 1din 402

ARV BELGELERNE GRE

KT'L-AMRE
ZAFER

stanbul 2016

Babakanlk Devlet Arivleri


Genel Mdrl

IK

T RK

UMHU
Y ET
R

C
YE

AKANL

T.C.
%$%$.$1/,.
'(9/(7$59/(5*(1(/0h'h5/hh
2VPDQO$UY'DUH%DNDQO
<D\Q1R

ARV BELGELERNE GRE

KT'L-AMRE
ZAFER

67$1%8/

T.C.
%$%$.$1/,.
'HYOHW$UYOHU*HQHO0GUO
3URMH<|QHWFV
'Ro'U8XUh1$/
'HYOHW$UYOHU*HQHO0GU
3URMH6RUXPOXODU
6HEDKDWWQ%$<5$0
*HQHO0GU<DUGPFV
gQGHU%$<,5
'DUH%DNDQ
.RRUGQDW|U
0PQ<,/',=7$
<D\QD+D]UOD\DQODU
5HVXO.g6(
0X]DIIHU$/%$<5$.
<OPD].$5$&$
'U(UVQ.,5&$
6HOPh07
.HPDO*858/.$1
)UDQV]FDdHYU
HYNHW.$&,5
)RWRUDI
2VPDQ)XUNDQ.(6.1
7XED72178
*UDIN7DVDUP
(VUD$.%85$.'(51
%DVN
6(d/2)6(7
<O0DWEDDFODU6WHV&DG1R%DFODU67$1%8/
7HO
ZZZVHFORIVHWFRP
,6%1

9DWDQP]POOHWP]YHGHHUOHUP]XUXQDIHGk\FDQH\OH\HQ
HKWOHUP]QYH.XWNDKUDPDQODUP]QD]]KDWUDVQD

6818

%UQF 'Q\D 6DYD E\N JoOHU DUDVQGDN DQODPD]ONODUQ GRUXD XODW YH
oDWPDODUQNUHVHOEUVDYDDG|QWQVDQONWDUKQQHQ|QHPONUOPDQRNWDODUQGDQ
EUGU%XE\NVDYD.XUWXOX6DYDOHEUONWHD\Q]DPDQGD2VPDQOPSDUDWRUOXX
QXQ
YDUROXPFDGHOHVQYH7UN\H&XPKXU\HW
QQGRXXQXVPJHOHU
6DYDVUDVQGDYHVRQUDVQGD\DSODQJ]OYHDoNDQODPDODUQSD\ODPDSODQODUQQ
KHGHI Ko SKHV] EDWD VWDQEXO ROPDN ]HUH (U]XUXP9DQ$GDQD '\DUEDNU 0XVXO
%DGDW DP .XGV JE 2VPDQO PSDUDWRUOXX
QXQ $QDGROX YH 2UWDGRX YOD\HWOHU
ROPXWXU %X YDUROX PFDGHOHVQGH QDVO dDQDNNDOH
GH EWQ 2VPDQO YDWDQGDODU7UN
$UDS .UW (UPHQ dHUNH] %RQDN $UQDYXW *UF GHPHGHQ RPX] RPX]D VWDQEXO
X
VDYXQPXODUVDEU\OVRQUDGD.W
O$PkUH
GH%DGDWoQWRSUDDGPOHUGU%XUDODUGD
VDYDDQYHHKWRODQ2VPDQOYDWDQGDODUQQGOOHUUNODUGQOHUYHPH]KHSOHUIDUNOROVD
GDKHGHHUYHONOHUEUG
\OER\XQFD\DSWNODUoHWOGHQ]YHNDUDWDDUUX]ODUQGDQVRQUDdDQDNNDOH
QQ
JHoOHPH\HFHQ DQOD\DQ QJO] GHYOHW DGDPODU 2VPDQO PSDUDWRUOXX
QX 2UWDGRX
FHSKHVQGHQYXUDUDNKHPDVNHURODUDN]DDIDXUDWPDNKHPGHV|PUJHOHUQGHN0VOPDQODU
QH]GQGHER]XODQSUHVWMOHUQG]HOWPHNKHGHI\OH6XU\HYH,UDNFHSKHOHUQGHOHUKDUHNDWD
JUPW.DVP
WH%DGDW
DGRUXWDDUUX]DJHoHQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGNRPXWDVQGDN
QJO] WPHQ %DGDW
Q KHPHQ JQH\QGHN 6HOPDQSDN
WD PDOXS RODUDN JHU oHNOUNHQ
.W
O$PkUH E|OJHVQGH NXDWOPWU <DNODN EH D\ VUHQ YH %DVUD
GDQ JHOHQ EWQ
NXUWDUPDWHHEEVOHUQHUDPHQNUODPD\DQNXDWPDVRQXQGDE\NoRXQOXXQXQJO]
V|PUJHGDUHVQGHN+QGVWDQ
GDQJHOHQDVNHUOHUQROXWXUGXXEQNONRUGXNRPXWD
NDGHPHV\OHEUONWH1VDQGDWHVOPROPXWXU
%XE\N]DIHUoQ2VPDQOFRUDI\DVQQKHUWDUDIQGDQJHOHQKHUUNWDQGQGHQYH
PH]KHSWHQPWHHNNODVNHUOHUGHQROXDQ2VPDQO2UGXVXFDQODEDODPFDGHOHHGHUNHQ

,UDNWDN$UDSDUHWOHUQGHQROXWXUXODQ\DNODNRQEQNONEUDUHWNXYYHWGH2VPDQO
RUGXVX\ODEUONWHVDYDPWU2G|QHPGH1HFHIYH.HUEHOD
GD\DD\DQ%\N$\HWXOODKODU
GDPH]KHEQHPHQVXSEWQ0VOPDQODUQ2VPDQO2UGXVX\ODEUONWHVDYDPDVoQ
IHWYDODU\D\QODPODUGU
%XE\N]DIHUGHQNKDIWDVRQUDX]XQSD]DUONODUQHWFHVP]DODQDQ2UWDGRX
QXQ
VQUODUQVXQEUEoPGHWD\QHGHQV\DVKkNP\HWYHQIX]DODQODUROXWXUDQDVUODUFD
EDUoQGHEUONWH\DDPKDONODUEUEUQGHQNRSDUPD\DoDODQ6\NHV3FRW$QWODPDV
JE G PGDKDOHOHU EWQ 2UWDGRX KDONODUQQ HPSHU\DO]PH NDU .W
O$PkUH
GH
VHUJOHQHQRUWDNXXUYHPFDGHOHDQOD\OHDQFDNHWNV]OHWUOHEOUgQP]GHN\OODUGD
EWQVDIKDODU\OD\OQGUDNHGHFHP].XUWXOX6DYDP]EXQXQHQE\NPVDOGU
<]\OVRQUDEXJQGH2UWDGRXWDUKVHOEUNUOPDQRNWDVQGDGU%|OJHP]QNDUODW
VRUXQODUo|]PHNoQJHUHNORODQ|QFHONOH.W
O$PkUHUXKXYHXXUXGXU
.W
O$PkUH ]DIHUQQ  \O YHVOHV\OH ,UDN 2UGXVX .RPXWDQ 0UOYD +DOO
.XW 3DD
QQDKVQGDJHUHN.W
O$PkUH
GHJHUHNVHEWQ,UDNFHSKHVQGHFDQODEDOD
PFDGHOHHGHQNDKUDPDQDVNHUOHUQD]]KDWUDODUQKUPHWOH\kGHG\RUXP.W
O$PkUH
UXKXQX DKVQGD HQ J]HO HNOGH WHFHVVP HWWUHQ %UQF 'Q\D 6DYD ER\XQFD ,UDN
WD
YH.XUWXOX6DYDP]VUDVQGD8UID
GDPFDGHOHHGHQ8FH\Pv6DGXQ3DD
\GDNUDQOD
DQ\RUXP *HUHN .W
O$PkUH
GH YH ,UDN &HSKHV
QGH JHUHNVH 6DUNDP YH dDQDNNDOH
EDWDROPDN]HUH%UQF'Q\D6DYD
QQEWQFHSKHOHUQGHPFDGHOHHGHQJD]OHUP]H
YHHKWOHUP]HUDKPHWGO\RUXP
 \OQGD .XW NDKUDPDQODUQD YH WP HKWOHUP]H WKDIHQ %DEDNDQON 'HYOHW
$UYOHU *HQHO 0GUOP] WDUDIQGDQ KD]UODQDQ EX GHHUO NWDEQ KD\UODUD YHVOH
ROPDVQWHPHQQHG\RUHPHJHoHQOHUHWHHNNUHG\RUXP
3URI'U$KPHW'$9872/8
7UN\H&XPKXU\HW%DEDNDQ

16=
%UQF'Q\D6DYDQVDQONWDUKQQJ|UPROGXXHQNDSVDPOVDYDODUGDQEUGU
6DYDQ DF YH VNQWODU GD D\Q RUDQGD E\N YH GHUQ ROPXWXU 7UN\H &XPKXU\HW
RODUDNEDN\\HVQGHYUDOGP]2VPDQO'HYOHWEXVDYDQDNW|UOHUQGHQEURODUDND\Q
]DPDQGD KDUEQ VRQXoODUQGDQ GD HQ ID]OD HWNOHQHQ ONHOHUQ EDQGD JHOPWU %UQF
'Q\D6DYD
QQGRUXGDQYH\DGROD\OHWNOHU\OQGDEOHKkOkKVVHGOPHNWHGU6DYD
ER\XQFD EUoRN FHSKHGH D\Q DQGD PFDGHOH YHUPHN GXUXPXQGD NDODQ 2VPDQO 'HYOHW
NP]DPDQ]RUOXPFDGHOHOHUVRQXQGDDFPDOXE\HWOHU|]QGH\DDPNP]DPDQGD
KHUWUO\RNOXDYHGRQDQPHNVNOQHUDPHQ\OD\DNQGHYDPHGHQVDYDVUHFQGH
WDUKHGHVWDQV]DIHUOHU\D]GUPWUdDQDNNDOHYH.W
O$PkUHEX]DIHUOHUQEDOFDODUGU
*HoWP] \O dDQDNNDOH =DIHU
QQ  \OQ GUDN HWWN %X \O GD .W
O$PkUH
]DIHUQQ  \OQ \kG HGHFH] .VD DG\OD .XW =DIHU RODUDN GD WDUK NWDSODUQGD
\HU DODQ EX ]DIHU dDQDNNDOH
QQ DNVQH X]XQ EU VUH DUND SODQGD NDOP YH NDKUDPDQODU
XQXWXOPD\D WHUNHGOPWU 2\VD ]DIHUQ EDNDKUDPDQ +DOO 3DD ]DIHU VRQUDV DVNHUOHUQH
\DSWWHEUNNRQXPDVQGDWDUKP]QEXE\N]DIHUQQKHU\ODQOPDVQEXYHVOH\OH
HKWOHUP]Q<DVQOHU7HEDUHNHOHUYH)DWKDODUOD\kGHGOPHVQVWHPWU
*HUHN .W
O$PkUH NXDWPDVQGD YH JHUHNVH NXDWPDGDNOHU NXUWDUPD\D JHOHQ
RUGXODUNDUVQGD2VPDQORUGXVXVXED\YHH\DNQQHIHUHKWYHUPWU%XQD
NDUON]DIHUOHEUONWHWHVOPDOQDQQJO]JHQHUDOVXED\YHHUQ\DQVUDEX
VUHoWH\DDQDQPXKDUHEHOHUGHQJO]NXYYHWOHUQQND\E
EXOPXWXU%XND\SODUQ
E\NHNVHU\HWNXDWPD\NUPDNoQKDUoWHQ\DSODQWDDUUX]ODUHVQDVQGDJHUoHNOHPWU
'HYOHW$UYOHU *HQHO 0GUO RODUDN KD]UODP ROGXXPX] $UY %HOJHOHUQH
*|UH.W
O$PkUH=DIHUDGOEXHVHUNXWOX]DIHUQ\OQGD.XW=DIHUNDKUDPDQODUQD
YH WP HKWOHUP]H WKDI HGOPWU .WDS 2VPDQO YH &XPKXU\HW $UYOHUP]GHQ
GHUOHGP] WRSODP  EHOJHGHQ ROXPDNWDGU %HOJHOHU VDYDQ JHQHO DNQ \DQVWDFDN
HNOGHVHoOPoHYU\D]ODUKD]UODQDUDN|]HWOHQPWU$\UFD.XW=DIHUNDKUDPDQODUQD
DW YH\D VDYD HVQDVQGD DOQP RODQ ED] IRWRUDDU GD HVHUGH NXOODQODUDN oDOPD
]HQJQOHWUOPH\H oDOOPWU 7DVDUP HVQDVQGD oHYUV \DSODQ EHOJHQQ ON VD\IDV
NRQXOPXGHUVD\IDODUNWDEQVRQXQDODYHHGOHQ'9'OHEUONWHYHUOPWU
$UY%HOJHOHUQH*|UH.W
O$PkUH=DIHUDGOEXoDOPDP]QKD]UODQPDVQGD
HPH JHoHQ WP SHUVRQHOPH WHHNNU HGHU OJOOHUH YH DUDWUPDFODUD ID\GDO ROPDVQ
WHPHQQHGHUP
'Ro'U8XUh1$/
'HYOHW$UYOHU*HQHO0GU

1'(./(5
6$<)$12
%(/*(12

.,6$/70$/$5 ......................................................................................................... 11


2VPDQO'HYOHW
QQWDUDIV]ONODQ ............................................................................ 



QJO]OHUQDWWODUDSE|OJHVQGH2VPDQONDUDVXODUQKODO ................................... 



DWWODUDS
DJUHFHN\DEDQFJHPOHUHDWHOHPXNDEHOHHGOHFH ............................... 18



DWWODUDS
WDNQJO]JHPOHUKXVXVXQGDQJO]+NPHWQQX\DUOPDV .............. 



QJO]OHUQ%DKUH\Q
HDVNHUoNDUPDODU ...................................................................... 



)DY%RD]
QGDNQJO]QDNO\HJHPVYHJDQERWODU .............................................. 



QJO]OHUQ%DVUD.|UIH]VDKOOHUQHDVNHUoNDUPD\DGHYDPHWPHOHU...................... 



$EDGDQ
GDNED]JD]GHSRODUQQDOHYDOPDV............................................................. 



QJO]OHUQ)DY
DoNDUPD\DSPDV .............................................................................. 



2VPDQO'HYOHW
QQUHVPvVDYDODQ ......................................................................... 



.DUDGHQ]
GHYHDWWODUDS
WDGGHWOoDUSPDODU ...................................................... 



XD\EH0XKDUHEHV
QGHDUHWEUONOHU ...................................................................... 



DWWODUDS
QEDODG\HURODQ.XUQD
QQHOGHQoNPDV ............................................ 



6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\
Q,UDNYH+DYDOV.XPDQGDQO
QDWD\Q ............................. 



.W
O$PkUH
GHGGHWOoDWPDODU ............................................................................ 



6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\
Q\DUDODQPDVYH%DGDW9DOV1D]I%H\
QRUGX
NXPDQGDQOQQNHQGVQHYHUOPHVWDOHE ................................................................ 



,UDNFHSKHVQGHHVUGHQ2VPDQODVNHUOHUQQ%XUPD
\DQDNO ............................... 



2VPDQORUGXVXQXQXD\EHPDOXE\HWYH6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\
QQWKDU ............ 



,UDNYH+DYDOV.RPXWDQO
QD0UDOD\1XUHGGQ%H\
QWD\Q ............................... 



XD\EHPDOXE\HWQHGDU%NUH(OoV6DID%H\
Q%NUHQJO](OoO
QGHQ
HGQGEOJOHU............................................................................................................ 



0UDOD\1XUHGGQ%H\
Q%DVUD9DOVRODUDNWD\Q .................................................... 



XD\EH0XKDUHEHV
QGHQJO]DVNHUOHUQQPNWDUYHND\SODU ............................... 



$UHWOHUQIHGDNDUONODUYH0QWHIN$UHWOHU5HV8FH\Pv%H\
QQJO]OHUH
NDUYHUGPFDGHOH ................................................................................................. 



$PkUH
QQGWYH%DGDW
QGPHVQQRODEOGQFHJHFNWUOPH\H
oDOODFD ................................................................................................................... 



9DQYH$PkUH
QQGPHVQQDUGQGDQHO&H]UHE|OJHVQGH\DDQDQDVD\
SUREOHPOHU................................................................................................................... 



0UDOD\1XUHGGQ%H\
Q%DGDW9DOO
QHWD\Q...................................................... 



$PkUH
QQGPHV]HUQH%DVUDYOD\HWPHUNH]QQ.W
O$PkUH
\HQDNO ............ 



,UDNFHSKHVQGHNEDDUODUQVYHoNDPXR\XQD\DQVPDV ......................................... 



0UDOD\+DOO%H\
Q%DGDW9DOO
QHWD\Q............................................................. 80



*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGNXPDQGDVQGDNQJO]EUONOHUQQ.W
O$PkUH
GH
PXKDVDUDHGOPHV ....................................................................................................... 



,UDN
WDNQJO]EUONOHUQQEDDUV]ONODUQDGDUED]\RUXPODU.............................. 



QJO]OHUQ.W
O$PkUH
GHN]RUJQOHU .................................................................. 88



.W
O$PkUH
\PXKDVDUDHGHQ7UNDVNHUOHUQHNDUQJO]RSHUDV\RQODUQQ
EDDUV]NDOG ........................................................................................................... 



QJO]OHUQPXKDVDUDDOWQGDNDVNHUOHUQH\DUGPWHHEEVOHU ................................ 



QJO]OHUQ$UDSDUHWVYDUOHUQGHQNRUNXODU ........................................................ 



0XKDVDUDDOWQGDN7RZQVKHQGYHQJO]DVNHUOHUQHGDU ........................................ 



9,2UGXNRPXWDQOQDWD\QROXQDQ$OPDQ*ROW]3DD
QQSDGDK
WDUDIQGDQNDEXO ......................................................................................................... 



,UDNQJO]RUGXVXQGD\DDQDQWEEvVNQWODU ............................................................ 



,UDNFHSKHVQGH\DUDODQDQQJO]DVNHUOHUQQN|WGXUXPX....................................... 110



,UDNFHSKHVQGHVYOHVUGHP............................................................................... 



)HODK\HYH.W
O$PkUHFYDUQJ|VWHUHQNURN ...................................................... 118



*ROW]3DD
QQYHIDW .................................................................................................... 



,UDNFHSKHVKDEHUOHUQQQJO]OHUoQoDoFROPDG ........................................... 



+DOO3DD
\DDOWQO\DNDWPDGDO\DV ........................................................................... 



0UOYD+DOO3DD
QQ9,2UGX.RPXWDQO
QDWD\Q ............................................... 



0XKDVDUDDOWQGDN7RZQVKHQGRUGXVXQXQWHVOPROPDV ........................................... 



.W
O$PkUH]DIHUQQPMGHV .................................................................................. 



.W
O$PkUH]DIHU
QQ%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO(QYHU3DDWDUDIQGDQ6DGDUHW
H
GX\XUXOPDVYH6DGDUHWQWHEUNWHOJUDI ..................................................................... 



.W
O$PkUHKXVXVXQGD$YXVWXU\D
GDQJHOHQWHEUN.................................................. 



$OPDQPSDUDWRUXQXQ.W
O$PkUH]DIHUWHEU ..................................................... 



(VUQJO]DVNHUOHUQQEUNVPQQdRUXP<R]JDWYH.UHKU
GHVNDQ ................ 



(VUQJO]DVNHUOHUQQEUNVPQQ(VNHKUYHdDQNU
GDVNDQ .......................... 



(VUQJO]DVNHUOHUQQEUNVPQQ.RQ\DYH$NVDUD\
GDVNDQ.............................. 



.W
O$PkUH
QQGPHVVHEHE\OH%XOJDUPDWEXDWQGD\HUDODQ
GHHUOHQGUPHOHU .......................................................................................................... 
7



7RZQVKHQG
QWHNOIHWWPO\RQDOWQ .................................................................... 



.W
O$PkUH=DIHU
QQ$OPDQODUQH]GQGHN\DQVPDV .......................................... 



6DNVRQ\D.UDO
QQWHEUN ........................................................................................... 



(VUQJO]DVNHUOHUQQVHYNOHU .................................................................................. 



(VUQJO]VXED\ODUQQHPQ\HWOHYOHUGHVNDQ ....................................................... 



(VUG|UWQJO]JHQHUDOQQVNDQ .............................................................................. 



$YXVWXU\D+NPHW
QQWHEUN................................................................................... 



%XOJDUDVNHUvPQHNNW$QJHORI
XQ.W
O$PkUH
\HGDUGHHUOHQGUPHOHU ............. 



=DIHUKDNNQGDWDO\DQEDVQQQGHHUOHQGUPHOHU .................................................... 



*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q+H\EHOGD
GDNDPHW .............................................................. 



.W
O$PkUHHVUOHUQH/DKH\PXNDYHOHVoHUoHYHVQGHNDUONOONONHVQHJ|UH
PXDPHOHHGOHFH ....................................................................................................... 



.W
O$PkUHEDDUVQGDQGROD\9\DQDHKUQQED\UDNODUODGRQDWOPDV .............. 180



+ROODQGDEDVQQGDoNDQKDEHUYH\RUXPODU .............................................................. 



QJO]7PHV*D]HWHV
QQPDOXE\HWVHEHE\OH+NPHWVXoOD\DQEDPDNDOHV.... 



.WPDOXE\HWVHEHE\OHED]QJO]YH)UDQV]JD]HWHOHUQQ\RUXPODU ................ 



%XUVD
GD(VUQJO]JHQHUDOOHUoQKD]UODQDQKDQH ................................................. 



*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q0XVXO
DJ|WUOPHV................................................................ 



QJO]OHU
Q.W
O$PkUHPDOXE\HWQHGDU+ROODQGDEDVQQGDoNDQED]
GHHUOHQGUPHOHU .......................................................................................................... 



QJO]$YDP.DPDUDV
QGD,UDNVHIHUKDNNQGD\DSODQRWXUXP ............................... 



$OPDQ)UDQNIXUWHU=HWXQJ*D]HWHV
QGHNGHHUOHQGUPHOHU ..................................... 



+DOO3DD
\D$YXVWXU\DPSDUDWRUXWDUDIQGDQ&RXURQQHGH)HUQDQYHUOPHV .. 



QJO]PDWEXDWQQ.W
O$PkUH\HQOJVQHVRUXPOXDUDPDV.................................. 



7PHV*D]HWHV
QQ.W
O$PkUHYH6HOPDQSDNVDYDQGD\DUDODQDQQJO]
DVNHUOHUQH\HWHUOVDONK]PHWYHUOPHGGGDODU ............................................... 



QJO]\DUDOODUQQJHPOHUOHQDNOQH]QYHUHQ7UNOHUGHQVYHoJD]HWHVQQ|YJ
OHEDKVHWW ................................................................................................................. 



.W
O$PkUH(VUOHUQGHQ2OXS<ROOHUQGHJ|QOORODUDNoDOPDNVWHPH\HQ
0VOPDQ+QWOHVUOHUQDHVNROD\\HUOHUHVHYNOHU .............................................. 



QJO]OHUQ.W
O$PkUH\HQOJVKDNNQGD$OPDQEDVQQGDoNDQ
GHHUOHQGUPHOHU .......................................................................................................... 



QJOWHUH+NPHW
QQ,UDNVHIHU\OHOJONDPXR\XQDoRND]EOJYHUG
GGDODU ........................................................................................................................ 



7UNOHUQHVUOHUHNDUVRQGHUHFHQVDQvGDYUDQGQQQJO]OHUWDUDIQGDQIDGH
HGOG ......................................................................................................................... 



*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QJD\UPHUXONVQH]QYHUOPHPHV ................................... 



*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q7UNOHUQNHQGVQHYHDVNHUOHUQH\PXDPHOHGH
EXOXQGXNODUQDGDUIDGHOHUQQVNDQGQDYEDVQQD\DQVPDV ................................ 



*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QNHQGVQHWDKVVHGOHQSDUDQQDUWUOPDVWDOHE .................... 



7UNYHQJO]OHUQHVUOHUH\|QHONPXDPHOHN\DV .................................................. 



%DGDW$PHUND.RQVRORVX
QXQQJO]HVUOHUQ]\DUHWWDOHE .................................. 



,UDN
WDNEDDUV]OKDNNQGDQJO]OHUQVRUXPOXDUD\ODU .................................. 



.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUDOQDQQJO]DVNHUOHUQVD\V ................................................... 



.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQ+QWO0VOPDQVXED\ODUQKDUHNHWVHUEHVWV .............. 



QJOWHUH+NPHWWDUDIQGDQQJO]YH+QWHVUOHUHJ|QGHUOHFHN\DUGPODU .......... 



.W
O$PkUHHVUOHUQGHQ*HQHUDO0HOOV
QFHEQGHQ\DSWKDUFDPDODUQ
NHQGVQH|GHQPHVWDOHE ............................................................................................ 



.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUDOQDQQJO]DVNHUOHUQQVHYN ................................................ 



.W
O$PkUHHVUOHUQGHQ<]ED0JHO0DWODQG:OVRQ
XQVDONGXUXPX .......... 



3UXV\DO3DXOZDQ
QEHVWHOHG.W
O$PkUH=DIHU0DU
QQPHPQXQ\HWOH
NDUODQGQQNHQGVQHEOGUOPHV ......................................................................... 



.W
O$PkUHHVUOHUQQQDNOQGHDOQDQWHGEUOHU ...................................................... 



.RQ\D
GDNQJO]HVUOHUQQ%XUVD
\DQDNOHGOPHVWDOHE ........................................ 



%DGDW
WDWHGDYHGOHQHVUQJO]DVNHUOHUQHJ|QGHUOHFHN\DUGP .......................... 



.W
O$PkUHHVUED]+QWOVXED\ODUQVWDQEXO
GDEXOXQGXNODUVUDGD$PHUNDQ
6HIDUHW
QGHQSDUDDOPDODU .......................................................................................... 

 ,UDN&HSKHV
QGHHVUDOQDQYH+QWYHdQ+QG
QHJ|QGHUOHQ2VPDQO
PHPXUODUQQKW\DoODUQQNDUODQPDVWDOHE .......................................................... 
 .W
O$PkUH
GHHVUDOQDQSDSD]ODUQYHGRNWRUODUQDGHHGOHPH\HFH ................ 
 .W
O$PkUH
GHJ|VWHUGVWQEDDUODUQGDQGROD\3\DGH$OD\
QD
PDGDO\DYHUOPHV ........................................................................................................ 
 6DYDHVUOHUQH\DSODFDN\DUGPODUQ.]OD\\DGDXPXPvNDUDUJkK]Q\OH
\DSOPDV ...................................................................................................................... 
 .W
O$PkUHHVUOHUQH\|QHONROXPVX]WXWXPVHUJOHQGGGDODUQQKDNV]YH
DVOV]ROGXX .............................................................................................................. 
 QJO]HVUOHUQGHQ0Ok]P9/R]HU
QYHIDW ........................................................... 
 (VUQJO]DVNHU$UFKEDOG(DUOH\KDNNQGDEOJWDOHE ........................................... 
 (VUQJO]VXED\+XJK6RXWKHUQKDNNQGDEOJWDOHE ............................................. 

 (VUQJO]VXED\-DPHV+RZDUG6WDEOHVKDNNQGDEOJWDOHE ................................. 


 (VUQJO]*HQHUDO0HOOV
QVDONGXUXPXQXQWDNE.............................................. 
 9HIDWHGHQQJO]HVUOHUKDNNQGDQJOWHUH
QQ|OPQHGHQOHUQHGDU
D\UQWWDOHE ................................................................................................................. 
 (VUQJO]&UD\\
QDOHVQQ%XUVD
\DJHOPHV .......................................................... 
 .W
O$PkUHHVUQJO]3\DGHdDYX0DWX3RODPVHQNYH$QDIDUWDODUHVU
QJO].GHPO<]ED'RQHV$UWKXU(GPQ
QOHNHOKXPPkGDQ|OP ................. 
 (VUUDKSOHUKDNNQGDEOJWDOHE ............................................................................... 
 *HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGYHPD\HWKDUFQGHNHVU]DEWOHUQVWDQEXO
GDGDKDID]OD
NDOPDODUQQX\JXQROPD\DFD................................................................................... 
 (VUQJO]DVNHUOHUQGHQXoDNPHNDQV\HQ6W-RKQKDNNQGDEOJWDOHE ............... 
 (VUOHUHPDD|GHQPHV ............................................................................................... 
 (VUQJO]*HQHUDO6U&KDUOHV0HOOVV
QVDONVHEHE\OH0XGDQ\D
\DQDNO .......... 
 *HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QDOHVQQVWDQEXO
DJHOPHV ..................................................... 
 (VUQJO]*HQHUDO$:(YDQV
QKDVWDNDUVQ]\DUHWoQQJOWHUH
\HJWPH
WDOHE ............................................................................................................................ 
 QJOWHUH+NPHWWDUDIQGDQ.W
O$PkUHHVUOHUKDNNQGD$YDP.DPDUDV
QQ
EOJOHQGUOPHV ........................................................................................................... 
 3DSD
QQHVUPEDGHOHVWDOHE .................................................................................... 
 .W
O$PkUHHVUQJO]6XED\(20RXVOH\
QWHGDYVQHQJOWHUH
GHGHYDP
HGOPHV ........................................................................................................................ 
 2VPDQO'HYOHW
QQWODI'HYOHWOHUQHVXQPXROGXXEDUWHNOIQHHVU
QJO]*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QGHNDWOPDV ................................................................ 
 1XVD\EQ
GHQ+DOHS
HQDNOHGOHQ+QWVDYDHVUOHU ................................................... 
 .W
O$PkUH
GHHVUDOQDQQJO]VXED\ODUQQNOoODU ........................................... 
 '|UW0VOPDQHVUQ2VPDQOWDE\HWQHNDEXO...................................................... 
 +QWHVUH\K$EGXOJDIIDUEQH\K6DGXOODK
Q2VPDQOWDE\HWQHNDEXO ............ 
 (VU6DI\XOODKROX=\DHGGQ
Q2VPDQOWDE\HWQHNDEXO .................................... 
 %XUVD
GD+QGvOHU'HUJkK
QGDPVDIURODUDNEXOXQDQQJO]HVU$EGXUUDKPDQ
ROX$EGXONHUP
QQIXVOHPOHU ............................................................................. 
 8FH\P3DD
\D8UID9OD\HWGDKOQGHDUD]WDKVV .................................................. 
 .W
O$PkUH
GHN7UNHKWO ................................................................................. 


'=1 .......................................................................................................................... 

10

.,6$/70$/$5
+FUv$\ODUQ5XPX]ODU
0XKDUUHP
6DIHU
5HEvOHYYHO
5HEvOkKU
&HPk]\HOHYYHO
&HPk]\HOkKU
5HFHE
DEDQ
5DPD]DQ
HYYkO
=ONDGH
=OKFFH

0
S.
5D
5
&D
&
%
S.
1
/
=D
=

$UY)RQ.RGODU
%(2
'+(80E
'+(80E
'+(80E
'+.06
'+)5
+5079
+56)5
+56<6
'87
+%
006





%kEOv(YUDN2GDV(YUDN
'DKO\H1H]DUHW(PQ\HW8PXP\H'|UGQFXEH(YUDN
'DKO\H1H]DUHW(PQ\HW8PXP\H%HQFXEH(YUDN
'DKO\H1H]DUHW(PQ\HW8PXP\H<HGQFXEH(YUDN
'DKO\H1H]DUHW.DOHP0DKVXV(YUDN
'DKO\H1H]DUHWIUH.DOHP(YUDN
+DUF\H1H]DUHW0WHQHYYD(YUDN
+DUF\H1H]DUHWIUH(YUDN
+DUF\H1H]DUHW6\DVv(YUDN
UDGH'RV\D8VXO(YUDN
UDGH+DUE\H(YUDN
UDGH0HFOV0DKVXV(YUDN
&XPKXU\HW $UY 7RSUDN VNDQ *HQHO 0GUO (YUDN
0XKDFUvQ)RQX
&XPKXU\HW $UY %DEDNDQON 0XDPHOkW *HQHO 0GUO
(YUDN
%DYHNDOHW .DQXQODU 9H .DUDUODU *HQHO 0GUO .DUDUODU
'DUH%DNDQO(YUDN
%DYHNDOHW .DQXQODU 9H .DUDUODU *HQHO 0GUO .DUDUODU
'DUH%DNDQO(YUDN

11

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

260$1/,'(9/(7
117$5$)6,=/,./$1,

$YUXSD
GDEDOD\DQVDYDNDUVQGD2VPDQO'HYOHWLnQLQWDUDIV]NDOPD\DNDUDU
YHUGLLQLQEWQYLOD\HWOHUHWHEOLLYHEXNRQXGD2VPDQO$MDQVND\QDNOKDEHU
OHULQGQGDNLELOJLOHUHLWLEDUHGLOPHPHVL

$XVWRV

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
0XKkEHUkW8PXPv\H'DUHV
NQFXEH

(GUQH(U]XUXP$GDQD$QNDUD$\GQ%WOV%DVUD%DGDG%H\UXW+FD] 0HGQH
GHQ 
+DOHE+GDYHQGJDU'\DUEDNU6XU\H6YDV7UDE]RQ.DVWDPRQX.RQ\D0DPXUHWOD]]0XVXO9DQ<HPHQ %H\UXW
GDQ YOk\HW>OHU@QH
8UID]PW%ROX&DQNdDWDOFD=RU$VU.DUHV.XGVHUI.DOD\6XOWDQ\H0HQWHH7HNH.D\VHUPXWDVDUUN>ODU@QD
0HGvQH0QHYYHUH0XKkI]O
QD
$YUXSDKDUEKk]UQGD+NPHW2VPDQ\HWDPDPHQPXKDID]DEvWDUDIv\HNDUDU
YHUPGU%QkEHUvQKHUNWDUDIQOHKYHDOH\KQGHDOHQvWH]kKUkWGDQFWQkEHGOPHVOk
]PJHOU+DUEQVXUHWFHUH\kQKDNNQGDEXUDFDGDGRUXYHNDWvPDOPkWVWKVkONkEO
RODPDPDNODEHUDEHU$MDQV2WWRPDQ
Q WHOJUDIQkPHOHUEDGHPk1H]kUHWFHYH0DWEkWGD
UHVQFHJ|UOHUHNoHNGUOHFHQGHQk\kQWPDGDGGROXQPDOGU2QGDQPkDGkQHU\kWYH
kkWDVXUHWNDW\\HGHWEDUHGOPHPHV
)v$XVWRV>@
1k]UQDPQD
>P]D@

'+)5

13

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+(80EB

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(51$77h/$5$3%g/*(61'(260$1/,
.$5$68/$5,1,+/$/

QJLOL]JDQERWODUYHKDUSJHPLOHULQLQDQODPDODUDD\NURODUDNDWWODUDSYH
)DYQOHULQGH2VPDQONDUDVXODUQLKODOHWPHOHUL

(\OO

0VWDFHOGU

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]DUHW
IUH.DOHP

%DVUD9Ok\HW
QGHQJHOHQIUH
&(\OOVHQH>@IUH0XKDPPHUH
GHNQJO]KDUEJHPVNXUXYD]|UROPD\S
2GQVPQGHEUJDQERWGXU0H]NUJHPOH/DYUDQFHJDQERWXN(\OOVDEDK)DY|QQGHQ
EOkWHKONHJHoGNGHQVRQUD\HYPPH]NUDNDP0XKDPPHUH
\HYDVOROPDGNODUDQOD
OQFDEOKDVVDE\YHWHOV]WHOJUDDPFHKKH]RODQ2GQJHPVQQQHUHGHEXOXQGXX
YH PGGHW PXD\\HQHGHQ ID]OD 2VPDQO VXODUQGD NDOPDPDV YH WHOV] WHOJUDIQ VWPkO
HWPHPHVKDNNQGDQJOWHUHNRQVRORVXQDYkNRODQPUDFDDW]HUQHVHIvQHQQEXOXQGXX
PDKDOO>EHOO@ROPDGFKHWOHKNPHWoHWDKNNHGOPHVQYHVYDUVQHEXEkEGDWDUDI
KNPHWGHQWHEOJkWFUDHGOPHVQGHUP\kQHWPHV]HUQHQJO]JDQERWXQXQEXOXQGXX
\HU DQODPDN YH VYDUVQH EvWDUDI EU GHYOHW VXODUQGD EXOXQGXXQX DQODWPDN ]HUH .R
PRGRUOXNoD2GLQJDQERWXQDPRWRUERWODEUEDKU\H\]EDVJ|QGHULOHUHN2GLQJDQERWXQD
.W
]]H\QQDP2VPDQONDUDNROKDQHVSvJDKQGDDWW]HUQGHGHPUORODUDNWHVDGIOH
WHUIDW PHU\\H\H WHYINDQ VHIvQH VYDUVQH Y]WH YHUHUHN NHPk \HQEHv JD\U PXKD
UEEXOXQDQEUGHYOHWVXODUQGDROGXXYHWHOV]WHOJUDIVWPkOHWPHPHVQD]NkQHEH\kQ
H\OHPHV ]HUQH JHP VYDUV WDUDIQGDQ FHYDEHQ EX KDYDO\H KNPHW WDUDIQGDQ DOG
HPU]HUQHJHOGQYHWHOV]WHOJUDIVWPkOHWPH\HFHKDNNQGDV|]YHUHPH\HFHIDGH
ROXQPX \]ED\ PPkOH\K PHUDVP PDKVXVD OH JHPGHQ oNDUDN DYGHW HWP YH RO
EkEGDNUDSRU%DKU\H.RPRGRUOXX
QDWHYGvH\OHPGU2GQJDQERWX2VPDQOVXODUQGD
VHNVHQG|UWVDDWNDOGNGDQVRQUD(\OOVHQH>@DNDPEXOXQGXX\HUGHQEUNDo\]
PHWUH X]DNGD EXOXQDQ YH \QH 2VPDQO VXODUQGDQ PDGG RODQ 0XKDPPHUH
\H JWP YH
/DYUDQFH JDQERWX VH DWW GDKOQGH$EDGDQ SvJkKQGD NDOPGU 6HIkLQL PH]NUH\H 
(\OO
GH'DOKRXVLHLVPLQGHELUJDQERWGDKDOkYHROXQPXGXU(\OOIUHOWHOJUDIQkPH
DF]vQKD\HWQGHGHUP\kQHGOGYHFKOHROEkEGDNNDYkGEH\QH
OPOHOHYH1H]kUHW

15

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

FHOvOHOHUQGHQ WDPvPHQ WHEO HGOHQ $XVWRV WDUKO HPU WHOJUDIv\H WHYINDQ GDKOQH
NXYYHPVHOODKDYD]Ok]PHGHQLVHGHWHOJUDIQkPHLDF]v\H\HGJQGHQEHUEUFHYDE
YH\HQGHQEUHPUYHWDOPkWDOQPDGFKHWOHKDUEVHIvQHVQHPVHOODKDVNHUNDPHVoQ
KHQ]KoEUWHHEEVFUDNOQPDPROGXXPDU]GXU
)v(\OOVHQH>@
9DO
6XEK

'+(80EB

***
%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
IUH.DOHP

%DVUD9Ok\HW
QGHQDOQDQIUH
$EDGDQ
GDEXOXQDQ'DOKRXVHJDQERWXGD0XKDPPHUHSvJkKQD2GQJDQERWX\DQQD
JHOPGU+HUNJHP]kKUHQ0XKDPPHUH|QQGHKDNNDWKkOGHDWW
O$UDE]HUQGH
YHDWW
VHGHWPHN]HUHVHIHUEHUONGHQVRQUDWHQVvEHGOHQ2VPDQOPHYNDVNHUvVQGHQ
G|UWNORPHWUHPHVDIHGHGU0DOXPVkPvOHUGUNDKvUHQWDKGGROXQXSQJOWHUHGHOHJHVQQ
KHQ]P]DVNXUXPD\DQWDKGGKXGXGSURWRNROQGHYHRQDPHUEWKDUWDODUGDDWW
O$UDE
NkPOHQ KXGXG 2VPDQ\\H GDKOQGH NDOPGU UDQ KXGXGX DWW
Q RUWDVQGDQ JHoPH\S
N\GDQPUUHWPHN]HUHNDEXOHGOPGU%XUNRQVRORVXQXQ\DWPHVkEHVQGHROXSPD
PDIKDOWNoNWRSOHPVHOODKEXOXQDQ/DYUDQFHJDQERWX$ED>GD@Q
GDQKDUHNHWOHEXJQ
JXUEGDQ HYYHO EODWHYDNNXI )DY |QQGHQ PUU YH PHFKO EU PDNVDGOD GHQ]H DoOP
ROGXXPDU]GXU

)v(\OOVHQH>@
9DO9HNO
6XEK

'+(80EB

16

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'LFOHN\VQGDNDWUODUODQDNOL\H
'U(UQVW%LHIHQHU
$GOHU'RSSHODDUXQGKDOEPRQG
'HXVWFKODQGgVWHUUHLFK8QJDUQ%XOJDULHQXQG7UNHL+DPEXUJV

,UDN\ROXQGDELUNRORUGX
+DUE0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

17

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+)5B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$77h/$5$3
$*5(&(.<$%$1&,*(0/(5(
$7(/(08.$%(/(('/(&(

6QUWHVSLWL\OHLOJLOL\DSODQVRQDQODPDJHUHLQFHDWWODUDS
Q2VPDQO'HY
OHWL
QLQ L VXODUQGDQ NDEXO HGLOGLLQGHQ EXUD\D JLUHFHN \DEDQF JHPLOHUH DWH
DODFDQDYHLHULGHNDOP\DEDQFJHPLOHULQGHVLODKODUQGDQDUQGUODUDN2V
PDQO'HYOHWL
QLQWDUDIV]ONJHUHLQLQ\HULQHJHWLULOHFHLQHGDLU%DVUD9LO\HWL
Q
GHQ'DKLOL\H1H]UHWL
QHJQGHULOHQ\D]

(NLP

*D\HWPVWDFHOGU

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF$DU
1XPDUD

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
DWW
GDN JDQERWODU KDNNQGD 'HUVDkGHW
GHQ WDOPkW JHOPHGNoH EU H\ \DSOPDPD
V KDNNQGDN kU kOvOHU  (\OO VHQH >@ YH KXOkVDV DWW
O$UDE GDKO VXODUGDQ
PDGGGXU6DKOGHQDOWPOHNDGDU2VPDQONDUDVXODUWEDUROXQXU+HUQHYHFQHEVHIkQ
KDUE\\HVoQNDUDVXODUQDYHGDKOVXODUDGXKOPHPQGXU%XPHPQ\HWGQOHPH\HQ
NPVHOHUH DWH HGOS EDWUODFDNWU 2ODQ HPU NDWv WHOJUDIvOHU NkP ROPDNOD YH )DY
GD
]kWHQOHK
OKDPGEUEDWDU\DWRSNRQXOGXXQGDQYHEXHPUQkPHGHQE
OVWIDGHEXUDQ
JOWHUHNRQVRORVXQDYHNRPRGRUOXNWDUDIQGDQGDKJDQERWODUDWHEOJkWOk]PHFUDYH
(\OOVHQH>@DNDPQDNDGDUJDQERWODUQoNPDODUKDNNQGDPVDDGHWkNDEvOQGHQ
GHUKDOQJOWHUHNRQVRORVXJHOHUHN/RQGUD
GD2VPDQOVHIUQH6U(GZDUG*UD\\
QYHUG
FHYDEGDQ EDKV YH %kE Ov OH QJOWHUH 6HIkUHW DUDVQGD P]kNHUkW FHUH\kQ HWGQ ]NU
HWG6U(GZDUG*UD\\NDGvP(U]XUXP0XkKHGHVPFHEQFHUDQVHIkQKDUE\\HV0X
KDPPHUH
\HNDGDUJHOHEOHFHQGHQYHQJOWHUHVHUDQ
WDNEHQKHUHJUPHGHROGXX
FKHWOH%DKU)DUV
GHNJHPOHUGH0XKDPPHUH
\HNDGDUJHOHEOUOHUP6UFHQkEODUNHQG
GHYOHWQQPXKDUEROGXXYHE]PEvWDUDIROGXXPX]XXQXWX\RU0H]NUHVNPXkKHGH\H
UQHHO\HYPWDKGvGKXGXGPXNkYHOHQkPHVNkPROGXXQGDQEvKDEHUJ|]N\RU+HQ]
FUDNOQDQVRQWDKGvGKXGXGEWQDWW
O$UDE
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H
\HEUDNP
YHUDQKXGXGXDWW
QVDKONHQDUQGDQJHoPHNGHEXOXQPXGXU%QkHQDOH\KDUWN\DSODFDN
EUH\NDOPDPROGXXQGDQEXdDUDPEDDNDPQGDQWEDUHQEQk\HW
OOkK7HkOkDWW
D
GDKO ROPDN VWH\HQ KDUE JHPOHUQH DWH FUD NOQDFD YH RO YDNWH NDGDU GDKOGH JDQERW
NDOPVHRQODUKDNNQGDGDKVODKODUoNDUOPDNVXUHW\OHEvWDUDDUk\HWHPHFEXUHG
OHFHNOHU
)v(\OOVHQH>@
%DVUD9DO9HNOYH.XPDQGDQ
6XEK

19

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+)5B
'
'+
+)
)5
5


B
B




'+(80E

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$77h/$5$3
7$.1*/=*(0/(5+868681'$
1*/=+h.h0(7
118<$5,/0$6,

DWWODUDS
WDEXOXQDQQJLOL]JHPLOHULQLQELUDQHYYHOX]DNODPDVDNVLWDNGLUGH
XOXVODUDUDV NDQXQODUGDQ GRDQ KDNODUQ YH WHGELUOHULQ X\JXODPD\D JHLULOHFH
LQH GDLU QJLOL] KNPHWLQLQ X\DUOPDV  0XKDULS GHYOHWOHULQ JHPLOHULQH NDU
2VPDQO'HYOHWL
QLQOLPDQYHNDUDVXODUQGDDODFDQOHPOHUOHLOJLOLKXVXVXQLOJLOL
GHYOHWOHULQHOLOLNOHULQHELOGLULOPHVL

(NLP

%kEOv
'DUH6DGkUHW
8PU0KPPH.DOHP
8PXPv
+XVXVv

>+XOkVD@DWW
O$UDEGDKOQHJUHQVHIkQKDNNQGD

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
 (\OO>@WDUKOYHYHPNHUUHUYHYHQXPDUDO
WH]kNUDO\\HOHUQHFHYDEGU
DWW
O$UDEGDKOQHJUHQQJO]JHPOHUKDNNQGD/RQGUD6HIU.HEvU7HYIvN3DD
KD]UHWOHUQH \D]ODQ WHOJUDIQkPHGH KWOkIkW Kk]UDGD EvWDUDI ROPDNOP] KDVHE\OH Q
JO]ED\UDQKkPOVHIkQKDUE\\HQQ2VPDQONDUDVXODUQGDEXOXQPDODUQDPVkPDKD
HGHPH\HFHP]GHQDWW
O$UDE
GDEXOXQDQQJO]JHPOHUQQEUDQHYYHORUDODUGDQWHEkG
HWPHOHUoQHPUWkVUFDROXQGXXQXQYHDNVWDNGUGHNDYkGEH\QH
OPOHOQYD]
H\OHGWHGkEvUQPH]NUQJO]JHPOHUKDNNQGDWWKk]QDPHFEXUL\HWKkVORODFDQQ
QJLOWHUH+NPHWL
QHWHEOO]XPXEOGUOPROGXXYHDOQDFDNFHYDEQ]EkUNOQD
FDOHGH
OPXKDEHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHWFHOvOHVQGHQFHYDEHQkUROXQPXYHPXKDUE
GHYOHWOHUVHIDQQHNDU2VPDQOOPDQYHNDUDVXODUQGDWWKk]PXNWH]vNDYkGYHDKNk
PPEH\\QRODUDNWDQ]PYHPQGHUFkWWHQVvEHGOHQP]HNNUHXPXPv\\HGYHO
PH]NUHVHIkUHWOHUQHWHEOROXQGXXJEEUVXUHWGH1H]kUHWFHOvOHOHUQHJ|QGHUOG
QH]kUHWPkUXQOH\KkGDQ]EkUNOQPDODPQGHUFDWQDWHYINDQNW]kHGHQOHUHID
\WHEOJkWYHYHVk\kEX\XUXOPDVPHQWKPHPDO\\HOHUEXOXQPXGXUHIHQGP

=ONDGH>@(\OO>@
6DGUD]DPQDPQD
0VWHDU
>P]D@

'+(80E
21

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+(80E

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(51%$+5(<1
($6.(5d,.$50$/$5,

%HELQ+LQWDVNHULQLQ%DKUH\Q
HJHOGLNOHULYH2VPDQO'HYOHWLEXQODUDVDOGUPD
\DFDQGDQGROD\QJLOWHUH
QLQEXNXYYHWL1HFLGVDKLOL\OH%DVUD
\DVHYNHGHFHL
KXVXVXQXQ%DVUD9DOLOLL
QGHQELOGLULOGLL

(NLP

0DKUHPPVWDFHO

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
7DUKWHE\v]7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@


2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKOWH]NUHDF]v\H]H\OGU
%HEQ+QGDVNHUQQ%DKUH\Q
HJHOGNOHUYH%DKUH\Q
H'HYOHW$O\\H
QQWDDUUX]
HWPH\HFHQH EQkHQ QJOWHUH
QQ EX NXYYHW 1HFG VDKOQH YH\DKXG .XYH\W OH %DVUD
\D
VHYNHGHFHQYHVDUED]IDGkW KkYv%DVUD 9Ok\HW
QGHQEXNHUHGHDOQDQ 7HUvQ

(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKOIUHWHOJUDIQkPHQQVXUHWOHIIHQVDYEkOvOHUQH UVkONOQPDOD
ol EkEGD
'+(80E

23

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+(80E

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

)$9%2$=,
1'$.1*/=1$./<(*(069(
*$1%27/$5,

)DY%RD]GQGDQJLOL]OHUHDLWDOWJDQERWYHELUQDNOL\HJHPLVLEXOXQGXXQXQ
%DVUD9DOLOLL
QGHQELOGLULOGLL

.DVP

0DKUHPYHPVWDFHOGU

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
7DUKWHE\v]7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@

>+XOkVD@)DY%RD]KDUFQGHEXOXQDQ2GQ
JDQERWXQDEHJDQERWODEUQDNO\HJHPVQQ
GDKDOWKDNH\OHGKDNNQGD

2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
)DY%RD]KDUFQGH|WHGHQEHUGXUPDNGDRODQQJOWHUH
QQ2GQJDQERWXQDOWKDN
HGHQEHJDQERWODEUQDNO\HJHPVKDNNQGD%DVUD9Ok\HW9HNkOHW
QGHQYkUGRODQIv
7HUvQ (YYHO VHQH >@ WDUKO IUH WHOJUDI VXUHW PDQ]U VkPvOHU EX\XUXOPDN ]HUH
OHIIHQWDNGPNOQG

'+(80E

25

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+(80E

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(51%$65$.g5)(=6$+//(51($6.(5
d,.$50$<$'(9$0(70(/(5

QJLOL]OHULQGHQL]GHQQHPOLPLNWDUGDELUDVNHUNXYYHWNDUGNODUYHEXGXUXP
GDQ%DVUD9DOLOLL
QHGHELOJLYHULOGLLQHGDLU%HQGHUL%XLUHKEHQGHUOLL
QGHQ
7DKUDQ6HIDUHWL
QHJHOHQ\D]

.DVP

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
0KPPH.DOHP
7DKUDQ6HIkUHW6HQ\\HV
QGHQDOQDQ7HUvQ
6kQvVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDO
WHOJUDIQkPHQQVXUHWGU

%HQGHU%XUHKEHQGHUYHNOQJO]OHUQEDKUHQ\QHPKPFHEUNXYYHWoNDUGN
ODUYH%DVUD9Ok\HW
QH PDOXPkWYHUGQEOGU\RU.
$VOQDPXWDENGU
>P]D@

'+(80E

'LFOH1HKULQGHQJLOL]OHUWDUDIQGDQNXOODQODQJDQERWODUGDQELUL
&KDUOHV9)7RZQVKHQG0H]RSRWDP\D6HIHULP.XUQD.WODPDUHYH6HOPDQSkN0XKDUHEHOHUL
dHYLUHQ*URO.RFD 7UNL\H%DQNDV.OWU<D\QODUVWDQEXOV

27

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$%$'$1
'$.%$=,*$='(32/$5,1,1$/(9$/0$6,

DWWODUDS
WDNL2VPDQOPRWRUERWXQXQ$EDGDQ
GDELUQJLOL]JDQERWXQDUDVWOD
PDV\ODNDUONODWHDOGED]JD]GHSRODUQQDOHYDOGKDNNQGDJD]HWHOH
UHJQGHULOHQWHEOL

.DVP

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HWYDVWDV\ODXPXPFHUkGH
.DINDV\DKXGXGX\OD$NDEH
GH\HQGHQEUYDND\RNGXU
DWW
O$UDE
GDEHUk\WDUDVVXGJH]PHNGHRODQPRWRUERWXPX]$EDGDQ
GDEUQJ
O]JDQERWXQDWHVDGIOHWDUDIH\QGHQDWHWHkWHGOHUHNQJO]JDQERWXQXQ]HUQGHWkO
YXNXDJHOPYHPRWRUERWWDQDWODQPHUPOHUGHQED]ODU$EDGDQ
GDNQJO]JD]GHSRODUQD
VDEHWOHPH]NUJD]GHSRODUQGD\DQJQvNkH\OHPGU
0RWRUERWEOkkU]D%DVUD
\DDYGHWHWPGU*D]GHSRODU\DQPDNGDGU
>0KU@

+5079B

29

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'+(8095.

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(51)$9
$$6.(5d,.$50$6,

QJLOL]OHULQ)DY
DGUWELQNLLOLNELUDVNHUNXYYHWLOHNDUPD\DSWQD$ED
GDQ
DQDNOL\HJHPLOHUL\OHDVNHUVHYNHWWLLQHQJLOL]JDQERWODUQQ%DVUD
QQ\LUPL
EHNLORPHWUH\DNQQDNDGDUJHOGLLQHYHNDUNDU\DJHOHQELUQJLOL]JDQERWX
LOH2VPDQOJDQERWXQXQEDWWQDGDLU'DKLOL\H1]U
QDVWLKEUWXEHVL
QGHQ
\D]ODQUDSRU

.DVP

0DKUHPYHPDKVXVGXU
>@

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
1XPDUD

'DKO\H1k]U7DODW%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQH
>@
QJO]OHU)DY
DEQNONEUNXYYHWoNDUPODUGU$EDGDQ
DQDNO\HJHPOH
U\OHDVNHUVHYNHG\RUODU%DVUD
GDQNORPHWUHPHVDIHGHNVHGPDKDOOQHNDGDUEXUDVo
JHPEDWUODUDNNDSDWGUOPGUQJO]JDQERWODUJHOPGU%XFYDUGDEUQJO]JDQERWX
OH E]P N QXPDUDO PRWRUXPX] PXKDUHEH HWPOHU +HU NV GH JDUN ROPXGXU QJO]
UHVPvEH\kQkWQDQD]DUDQ)DY
DoNDUODQNXYYHWEU+QGPIUH]HVOHEUEDKU\HOYkVP
>@
VWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
(UNkQ+DUE\\H%QEDV
>P]D@

'+(8095.

31

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

10

006B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

260$1/,'(9/(7
115(606$9$/$1,

2VPDQO 'RQDQPDV
QD PDKVXV ELU JXUXS VDYD JHPLVLQLQ .DUDGHQL]
GH WDWEL
NDWLFUDHGHUNHQ.DUDGHQL]%RD]
QDWRUSLOGNPHNYD]LIHVLLOHKDUHNHWHWWLL
DQODODQ5XV\DVDYDJHPLOHULQHPXNDEHOHROXQGXXELODKDUHWDUDIV]OQGH
YDPQQ DU]X HGLOGLL ELOGLULOHUHN ROD\ KDNNQGD 5XV\D
\D WDKNLNW QHULOGLL DQ
FDN5XV\DQQE\NHOLVLQLJHULDUDUDN2VPDQOVQUODUQDWHFDY]HEDODG
)UDQVDYHQJLOWHUHGHYOHWOHULQLQGHD\Q\ROXL]OH\HUHNDQDNNDOHYH$NDEHEO
JHOHULQGHVDOGU\DJHWLNOHULUHVPHQVDYDLODQHWWLNOHULV]NRQXVXJHOLPHOHU
]HULQH2VPDQO'HYOHWLnQLQDGJHHQGHYOHWHVDYDLODQQDNDUDUYHUGLLQH
GDLUSDGLDKLUDGHVL

.DVP

%kEOv
0HFOV0DKVXV


HKU KkOQ RQ DOWQF SHQoHQEH JQ 'RQDQPD\ +Pk\QXQ EU NVP .DUDGH
Q]
GH PDQHYUD FUD HWPHNGH NHQ .DUDGHQ] %RD]
QD WRUSO G|NPHN YD]IHV\OH KDUHNHW
HWGEOkKDUHDQODODQ5XV\DGRQDQPDVQGDQEUWDNP'RQDQPD\+Pk\QXQFUDHW
PHNGHROGXXPDQHYUDODUKOkOYHPWHkNEHQOkQPXKkVDPDOH%RD]ODUDGRUXKDUH
NHWHWGNOHUQGHQ'RQDQPD\+Pk\QWDUDIQGDQPXNDEHOHHGOPG%Xk\kQWHHVVI
KkGVHKDNNQGD5XV\DGHYOHWQHPUDFDDWOHWDKNNkWFUDVYHYDNDHVEkEQQ]DKUHKUD
FWHNOIYHEXVXUHWOHEvWDUDP]PXKDID]D\DKWPkPHWGP]KkOGH5XV\DGHYOHW
PUDFDDWYkND\DFHYDEWkHWPHNV]QVHIUQJHUFHOEH\OHGJENXYk\DVNHU\HVGH
(U]XUXPKXGXGXQXQNkWPXKWHOIHGHQWHFDY]HWPHVQHYHEXVUDGD)UDQVDYHQJOWHUH
GHYOHWOHUGDKVHIUOHUQJHUoDUGNWDQEDNDQJO]YH)UDQV]GRQDQPDODUPWHUHNHQ
dDQDNNDOH
\HYHQJO]NUXYD]|UOHU$NDEH
\HWRSDWPDNVXUHW\OHE
OIOPXKkVDPDWDE
WGkUYHDKvUHQGH'YHOPH]EUH'HYOHW2VPDQ\HOHKkOKDUEGHEXOXQGXNODUQOkQ
H\OHGNOHUQHEQkHQ+NPHW6HQ\\HFHGHPVWHQGHQEWHYINkW
OOkK7HkOkPH]NUo
GHYOHWOHKkOKDUEOkQKXVXVXQDPHFOVEHQGHJkQHP]FHNDUDUYHUOHUHNEXEkEGDWDQ]P
ROXQDQUkGHVHQ\\HOD\KDVDU]YHWDNGPNOQPROPDODNkWEHDKYkOGHHPUXIHUPkQ
KD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUHIHQGP]QGU
)v=OKFFHIv7HUvQ(YYHO>@

>+H\HW9NHOk
QQP]DODU@

33

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%kEOv
'DUH6DGkUHW
$PHGv'YDQ+Pk\Q


UkGH6HQ\\H
HKU KkOQ RQ DOWQF JQ 'RQDQPD\ +Pk\QXQ EU NVP WDUDIQGDQ .DUDGH
Q]
GHPDQHYUDFUDHGOPHNGHROGXXVUDGD.DUDGHQ]%RD]
QDWRUSOG|NPHNYD]IHV\OH
KDUHNHWHWGEOkKDUHDQODODQ5XV\DGRQDQPDVQGDQEUWDNPPH]NUPDQHYUDODUKOkOYH
PWHkNEHQ]KkUPXKkVDPDOH%RD]DGRUXKDUHNHWHWPHOHU\OH'RQDQPD\+Pk\Q
WDUDIQGDQPXNDEHOHROXQPDNODEHUHEHUk\kQWHHVVIRODQXKkGVHKDNNQGD+NPHW
6HQ\\H
FH5XV\DGHYOHWQHPUDFDDWOHWDKNNkWFUDVYHYDNDHVEkEQQ]DKUHKUDFWHNOI
YHEXVXUHWOHEvWDUDPXKDID]D\DKWPkPHGOPROGXXKkOGH5XV\D'HYOHWPUDFDDW
YkND\DFHYDEWkHWPHNV]QVHIUQJHUFHOEH\OHGJENXYk\DVNHU\HVGH(U]XUXP
KXGXGXQXQNkWPXKWHOIHGHQWHFDY]HWPHVQHYHEXVUDGD)UDQVDYHQJOWHUHGHYOHWOHU
GDKVHIUOHUQJHUoDUGNWDQEDNDQJO]YH)UDQV]GRQDQPDODUPWHUHNHQdDQDNND
le
\HYHQJO]NUXYD]|UOHU$NDEH
\HWRSDWPDNVXUHW\OHE
OIOPXKkVDPDWDEWGkUYHDKv
UHQGHGYHOPH]EUH'HYOHW2VPDQ\HOHKkOKDUEGHEXOXQGXNODUQOkQH\OHGNOHUQH
EQkHQ +NPHW 2VPDQ\H
FHGH PVWHQGHQ EWHYINkW
OOkK 7HkOk PH]NU o GHYOHW OH
KkOKDUEOkQQUkGHH\OHGP
%XUkGHVHQ\\HQQFUDVQD+H\HW9NHOkPHPXUGXU
)v=OKFFHIv7HUvQ(YYHO>@

0HKPHG5HDG
'DKO\H
1k]U9H
0DO\H1k]U
9HNO
7DODW

+DUE\H
1k]U
(QYHU

7FDUHWYH
=UDDW1k]U
$KPHG
1HVPv

0DkUI
1k]UYH
3RVWDYH
7HOJUDIYH
7HOHIRQ1k]U
9HNO
NU

H\KOVOkP
YH(YNkI
+Pk\Q
1k]U
+D\U

6DGUD]DP
YH+DUF\H
1k]U
0HKPHG
6DG

1kID1k]U
$EEDV3DD
EXOXQDPDG

%DKU\H
1k]U
$KPHG
&HPDO

006B

34

$GO\H1k]U
YHUk\
'HYOHW5HV
9HNO
EUDKP

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%DNXPDQGDQ9HNLOL(QYHU3DD

35

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

11

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.$5$'(1=
'(9($77h/$5$3
7$''(7/
d$53,0$/$5

+DPLGL\H.UXYD]U
QQ3RWLLOH1RYURVLVNLDUDVQGDNL5XVJD]GHSRODUQWDK
ULSHWWLLDWWODUDS
WDQJLOL]OHUOHLGGHWOLDUSPDODUROGXXKDNNQGDUHVPL
WHEOL

.DVP

2VPDQO7HOJUDI$MDQV
$JHQFH7pOpJUDSKTXH2WWRPDQH
3HUD&RQVWDQWQRSOH

)v7HUvQVkQv>@
NQF9DUDND
.DUDUJkK8PXPv
GHQWHEOROXQPXGXU
+DPG\H .UXYD]|U GQ 3RW OH 1RYURVVN 1RYRURVV\VN  DUDVQGDN 7XDSVH
PHYNQGH EXOXQDQ 5XV JD] GHSRODU\OD WHOV]WHOJUDI VWDV\RQXQX ERPEDUGPDQ OH WDKUE
HWPGU
DWW
O$UDE
GD7HUvQ6kQv
GHQJO]OHUOHJD\HWGGHWOEUPXKDUHEHYXNEXO
PXYHGRNX]VDDWGHYDPHWPGU'PDQQWHOHIkWNOO\HWOGU
QJO]EDNXPDQGDQQQGDPHFUKvQP\kQQGDEXOXQGXXQXDOQDQVHUkEOGU\RU
0DUPDUVJDQERWXPX]GDQDWODQPHUPOHUEUQJO]JDQERWXQDVDEHWOHWkOKXVOHJHWU
PWDIVvOkWKHQ]QRNVDQGU
2VPDQO

+56<6B

37

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

12

'+)5B

'+)5B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

8$<%(08+$5(%(61'($5(7$6.(5/(5

%DVUD\DNQODUQGDNLXD\EH
GH$UDONWDULKLQGHGPDQOD\DSODQPX
KDUHEHGH $PUH $LUHWL
QGHQ LVWLIDGH HGLOHPHGLL JLEL ED] ]DUDUODUQQ GD J
UOGEXVHEHSOHDLUHWDVNHUOHULQHID]ODFDJYHQLOHPH\HFHLQGHQ0XVXOYH
VWDQEXO
GDQDVNHUJHOHQHNDGDUPGDIDDQQELUPGGHWGDKDX]DWODFDQDGDLU
%DGDG9DOLOLL
QGHQJHOHQWHOJUDI

$UDON

0VWDFHOGU

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF%DGDG
1XPDUD
7DUK7HUvQ6kQvVHQH>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
(YUDN1XPDUDV

1XPDUD  &DYG 3DD


GDQ PG DOQDQ WHOJUDIQkPHGH GQN PXKDUHEHGH $PkUH
$UHW
QQVH\UFNDOGYHUFDWGHDVNHUQVODKYHFHSKkQHOHUQDOPDNYHVR\PDNJE
FQD\HWOHUGH EXOXQGXNODU XD\EH
GHQ  UFDW HGHQ PIUH]HGHQ EQ N NDGDU WRSODQDUDN
h]H\U
QFHQEXQGDEUPHYNWXWXOGXXDkUQFHEkQHWQGHQGROD\0XVXO
GDQNWDEXUOD
VWDQEXO
GDQDVNHUYUGXQDNDGDUPGDIDDQQEUPGGHWGDKDWHPGvGPHPOROGXXYD
]\HWQWHKONHOEXOXQGXXEOGUOPROPDNODHYYHOFHGHDU]HGOGYHFKOHPDK]kVEDW
YFGHWPROPDNoQKDUEHJGHQDkUHJYHQOPH\HUHNEXWHKONHOYD]\HWHNDUVHUYH
PHVVUWHGEUWWKk]
7HUvQ6kQvVHQH>@
%DGDG9DO9HNO
5HG

'+)5B

<?> Metinde sehven Sveybe'den yazlmtr.

39

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

13

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$77h/$5$3
,1%$/$',,<(52/$1.851$
1,1
(/'(1d,.0$6,

DWWODUDS
Q EDODG \HU RODQ .XUQD
QQ GWQH EXUD\ VDYXQDQ 0LUDOD\
6XEKL%H\
LQDVNHULLOHELUOLNWHQJLOL]OHUWDUDIQGDQHVLUHGLOGLLQHJHULNDODQ
 DVNHUGHQ DQFDN \DUVQQ 1DVUL\H
\H XODDELOGLL YH GLHUOHULQLQ \ROODUGD
ILUDUHWWLLQH6NYH1DVUL\H
GH
GHQID]ODPFDKLGLQKD]UKDOGHEXOXQGX
XQD8PXP.XPDQGDQON
WDQJQGHULOGLLELOGLULOHQHU]DNQKHQ]XODPDGQD
GDLU0QWHILN0XWDVDUUI+DP]D
QQ1DVUL\H
GHQJQGHUGLLWHOJUDI

$UDON

'HYOHW2VPDQ\\H
7HOJUDIYH3RVWDYH7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHF1DVU\H
1XPDUD
7DUK.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
%UQFQXPDUD%XUD\DYUGXPGD.XUQD VXNWHWPYH0UDOD\6XEK%H\G|UW\]
PHYFXGODHVUGPYHG|UWEQPHYFXGOXROGXX KkOGH1DVU\H
\HDQFDNNEQQHIHU
JHOHEOP PWHEkNvV\ROODUGDVODKQKDWWDKHUH\QWHUNOHIUDUHWPEXNEQPHY
FXGGDQJQGHEUNDoQHIHUIUDUHWG KkOGHPHQIUDUODUKDNNQGDKoEUWHGEU WWKk]
ROXQPDPGU oOHUQGHQ o \]7UN QHIHUkWQQ PXNWHGU ]kEWkQ N VDKUD WRSX .HUEH
la WDUvN\OD%DGDG
DDOQPYHEXQXQDk\UYHDKDO]HUQGHIHQDWHVUJ|VWHUGE]]DW
PDKHGH ROXQPXGXU 0XYkVDODW okNHUkQHPOH EHUDEHU 8FH\Pv %H\
Q 0QWHIN Dk\
UDUDVQGDNDGkYHWOHU UHIROPXHVDVOWHNODW\DSGUPDDWHHEEVROXQPXGXU'HUKDO
8PXP.XPDQGDQON
GDQDOWPEQN\\HSUQoYHVDUHU]DNYHDOWEQOUDVWHQOP\ROD
oNDUOGFHYDEHQEOGUOPVHGHKHQ]JHOPHPGU6N
GDYHEXUDGDNEQPWHFkY]
PFDKG Kk]UDk\UVHSDUDQQYUGX\ODQRNVDQODUQNPDOHGHUHNPKPEUNXYYHWOH
=EH\U
GHQ%DVUD]HUQHKDUHNHWROXQDFDPGONOYkQQYD]\HWEXQGDQEDUHWEXOXQGX
XPDU]GXU
)v.kQQ(YYHO>@
0QWHIN0XWDVDUUI
+DP]D

'+)5

41

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

14

%(2

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

6h/(<0$1$6.(5%(<
1,5$.9(+$9$/6
.80$1'$1/,,
1$7$<1

,UDNYH+DYDOLVL.XPDQGDQO
QD%DVUD)UND.XPDQGDQ6OH\PDQ$VNHU%H\
LQ
WD\LQHGLOGLLQHGDLU6DGUD]DPONPDNDPQGDQ+DUEL\H1H]DUHWL
QH\D]ODQ\D]

$UDON

'DUH6DGkUHW
8PU0KPPH.DOHP
(YUDNQXPDUDV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
7DUKWHE\v]6DIHUVHQH>@.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@

+DUE\H1H]kUHW9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
.kQQ(YYHO>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHDO\\HOHUQHFHYDEGU
,UDNYH+DYDOV.XPDQGDQO
QD%DVUD)UNDV.XPDQGDQ6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\
Q
WD\QKXVXVXQDE
OVWv]kQ UkGHVHQ\\H FHQkE 3DGDKvHUHIPWHDOONEX\XUXODUDN
VXUHWPXVDGGDNDVOHIIHQWDUDIkOvOHUQHUVkONOQPGUHIHQGP
10 .kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKOUkGHVHQ\\H]HUQH

%(2

6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

43

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

15

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'(''(7/d$7,0$/$5

 $UDON
WDQ EHUL .W
O$PUH HWUDIQGDNL VDYDQ LGGHWOL ELU HNLOGH GHYDP
HWWLLQH EX VDYDWD 7UNOHULQ 0HG\LQ
GH ND]DQG EDDUODUQ WDPDPODPDN
LVWHGLNOHULQHQJLOL]OHULQGH,UDNVHIHULQGHHOGHHWGLNOHULPHQIDDWOHULQLNRUXPD\D
DOWNODUQDGDLU7HPSVJD]HWHVL
QLQ2FDNWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]

2FDN

>V@
7HPSVJD]HWHVQQ.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@
WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ

.W
O$PkUH0XKDUHEHV.kQQ(YYHOWDUKQGHQEHU.W
O$PkUHHWUDIQGDKDUENHPkOGGHWOHGHYDP
HG\RU7UNOHU0HGk\Q
GHKUk]HWGNOHUPX]DIIHU\kWWPkPQJO]OHU,UDNVHIHUQGHK
Uk]HWGNOHUPHQkIPXKDID]DHPHO\OHoDOSGXUX\RUODU
7UN NWDkWQQ GGHW OH WHNkEO HGHQ QJO] YH +QG DVNHUQQ HFkDWQH VDKQH
WHNOHGHQEXFHEKHKDUEKDNNQGDDOQDQKDEHUOHUSHNPXKWDVDUROPDNODEHUDEHU\QHEU
INUPDKVXVHGQOHEOU
%UPVHOOHVHNOQGHROXSFHQEDUNvYHFHQEJDUEvGOODU'FOH
\HGD\DQPDNGD
RODQ.W
O$PkUHPHYNEUNDOHKkOQHIUkROXQPXGXUWHEXNGO]HUQGHEXOXQDQ
QJO]NWDkWQJOWHUHWHEOJkWUHVP\HVQQEDKVHWGNFHQDKGU
QJO]KDUEFHEKHVQQFKHWPkO\\HVVDKOQEUFKHWQGHQ
>V@
GHUFKHWQHJHoHQEUWDE\DEDVW\RQKDWWHWUDIQGDWHPGvGROXQDQVSHUOHUOHWHNO
ROXQPXGXU'FOH
QQVROVDKOQGHNKDWWPGDIDD\VWNPkOH\OHPHNPDNVDG\OD.W
XQ
WDPNDUVQGDYHQHKUQVDVDKOQGHEXOXQDQPDPPXKDPPHG NDU\HVNVDKODUDVQGD
PQkNDOH\WHPQH\OHPHN]HUHEUWRPED]N|SUVQQQDVQWHPQHWPHNoQWDKNvP
HGOPGU
<DOQ]EXQRNWDGDVDVDKOWDEDWDNONODUDNDGDUX]DQDQEUo|OGHQEDUHWGUQJOWHUH
.DUDUJkK8PXPvV)UDWYH'FOHQHKUOHUQQPDKDOOOWVDNQGDNkQ.XUQDPHYNQGH
EXOXQPDNGDGU
%X QRNWDGDQ YH .W
O$PkUH OH PQkNDOH\ WHPQ HGHQ \HJkQH WDUvN PVWDNvP
'FOHQHKUGU%XPHYNGH\RO\RNGXU$QFDNED]NoNSDWNDODUPHYFXGROXSRQODUGD
EDWDNONODUDUDVQGDJkEROPDNGDYHNHUYDQODUQNH\IYHDU]XVXQDWHEHDQWHEHGGOHWPHNGH
YHHNVHU\D\DPXUODUQWHVU\OHEDWDNONODUQDOGHNOHQD]DUDQWDGvOROXQPDNGDGU
*

Metinde sehven mammahmud yazlmtr. Baknz HR. MTV, 13/2_2

45

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7UNOHUQHYYHOkEWQJD\UHWQJO]+QGNWDkWQQPWHKDGEXOXQGXXQHKUH
PDVUIEXOXQX\RUGX$QFDNWHIHYYXNDGHGvOHUQHUDPHQ7UNOHUQEWQEXWHHEEVOHU
EvVG NDOG QJO] NXPDQGDQ 7UN NXYYHWOHUQ G|UW IUND WDKPQ HWPHNGHGU N OkHNDO
NROVDJHUHNGU
%XQXQ]HUQH1XUHGGQ3DD.W
O$PkUH
QQX]DNEUQRNWDVQGDQQHKUQVROVDK
O\OHoRUDNRODQVDVDKOQHJHoHUHN
>V@
EUoHYUPHKDUHNHWQHWHHEEVHWG9HHYYHOFHND\GHWGP]YHFKOH1XUHGGQ3DD
EXWHHEEVQGHPXYDIIDNROGX
%XVXUHWOHH\KVDGPHYNJDOROXQDUDN.W
O$PkUHOH.XUQDDUDVQGDPHVVHV
EXOXQDQPQkNDOHYHPXKDEHUHNDWROXQGX7UNOHU.W
O$PkUH
\KFXPFHEUvOHJDO
HGHPH\QFHPHYNPVWDKNHPDoONGDQVNkWDNDUDUYHUGOHU
7UN WHEOJkWQD QD]DUDQ .W
O$PkUH
GH PWHKDG EXOXQDQ QJO] DVNHU RQ EQ
PWHFkY]GHOGU<DOQ]EXDGHGDOWPEQ7UN
QVDYOHWYHKFXPXQDPkQRODQQJ
O]+QGNWDkWQQNDKUDPDQOQ]KkUDNkIGU
.W
O$PkUH
QQOHYk]PYHPKPPkWDOPDDPXYDIIDNROPDNV]QPGDIDDVJD\U
NkEOROGXXQGDQQJO]2UGXVXoQH\KVDG
VWUGkGHGHUHN.W
O$PkUHOHPQkNDOkW
WHVV H\OHPHN HKHPP YH ]DUXUv EU KDUHNHW WHNO HG\RUGX$QFDN EX KDUHNHW PNO YH
IHYNDOkGHPFEPHkNGYH*HQHUDO$\OPHUYH&KDPSEHOOPHYNOHUQHKkNPEXOXQX
\RUODUG
$QFDNNXYk\PH]NUHWDKWPXKDVDUDGDEXOXQDQRUGXOHNHVEOWVDNHWPHGNoH
QHWFHQkWDPDPNDOPRODFDNGU.W
O$PkUH
QQPXKDID]DVUDQ
QFHQEXQXKkWDH\OH
PHNGHROPDVWEDU\ODHO]HPYH]DUXUvGU
9H.W
O$PkUH
QQ7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQJDOQJO]NWDkWQQ$PkUHYH.XUQD]H
UQHDWOPDODUQYHQJO]OHUQNDKUDPDQkQHEUVHIHUQHWFHVQGH
>V@
KUk]H\OHGNOHUPHQkIQQEUNVPQJkEHWPHOHUQHEkGvRODFDNGU

+5079B

46

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,UDN&HSKHV
QGHNPFDKWOHU
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

16

'+)5BDE

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

d$53,0$/$5'$<$5$/$1$1,5$.25'868.80$1'$1,
6h/(<0$1$6.(5%(<
1<(51(%$'$79$/6
1$=)%(<
125'8.80$1'$1/,,1,7$/(%

QJLOL]OHULQ%DVUD
GDQLOHUOHGLNOHULYH%DGDW
QGDWHKOLNHDOWQGDROGXXQGDQLON
DUSPDGD\DUDODQDQ,UDN.XPDQGDQ6OH\PDQ$VNHU%H\L\LOHLQFH\HNDGDU
RUGXNXPDQGDVQQNHQGLVLQHYHULOPHVLQLWDOHSHGHQ%DGDG9DOLVL1D]LI%H\
LQ
WHOJUDI

XEDW

0DKUHPGUE]]DWKDOOROXQDFDNGU
0VWDFHOGUIUHGU

'HYOHW2VPDQ\\H
3RVWDYH7HOJUDIYH7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHF%DGDG
1XPDUD
7DUKXEDWVHQH>@

'DKO\H1k]U7DODW%H\HIHQG
\H
'QN WHOJUDIQkPH\H]H\OGU+oEUWHHEEVYHKDUHNHWQQHWFHVQ WkOvWHVDGIH
WHUNHWPHNV]QQJO]OHUQJD\HWGDNvNYHHPQVXUHWGH%DVUD
GDQOHUOHPHNGHROGXNODUWD
KDNNXNHG\RU,UDN
QVEDKWHVHURODUDNIHGDNDUNXPDQGDQ6OH\PDQ$VNHU%H\
QON
PVkGHPHGH PHFUKROPDVYHHWEEkQQ EH\kQkWPDKUHPDQHVQHQD]DUDQOkHNDOEUD\
GDKDKDUHNHWHGHPH\HFHNKkOGHEXOXQPDVYD]\HWDOH\KP]HWDKYvOHWGJEEXKDYDO\
YDUWDVWUkED\XYDUODPDNGDGU0HYVNDQWWPHJ|UHEXJQ.DUDUJkK8PXPv
GHEX
OXQDQ%DVUD
GDNNXYk\XPXPv\HP]QKDUHNkWYHPXNDGGHUkWQGDUHHGHQ0PWD]%Q
ED GLO%H\&DYG3DDUHIDNDWQGH HUNkQKDUE\HYD]IHVQIDHGSEXkODWYH YHVkWOe
QJO]OHUHNDUKDUEHWPHQQPDK]FQQHWYHFQD\HWROGXXQXGGDHGHQOHUGHQP GLO
%H\
DVODWDQPDPIDNDWEXKkOHWUK\\HGH|\OHEUPk]vNDUvEGHWDKWWHVUQGHEXOX
QDQEUNXPDQGDQOHQDVOWHPQPXYDIIDN\HWHGOHEOHFHQGHDNOPEUWUODOP
\RUgQP]GHPHYVPWkJEEUPHYVPPVDGPHYFXGNHQPGYkUYHQvNEvQ
RODEOUGNQDVONF]vEUKPPHWOHEUoRNKDWDWDPUHGOG/kNQ&H]UHW
O$UDE
Q
GDPDEvHPkQRODQJQHEOKDVVD0DUWHYkKUQGHQVRQUDFGGHQWDKDPPOJGk]GU
%DUQDFDNQHEUDDoQHEUJ|OJHEXOXQPD\DQEUPQWNDPKONHGHHQEWGkOHYk
]PQEOHEUoRXQGDQPDKUXPDVNHUYHDk\UOHGPDQDJDOHEHGHOKDWWDPXKDUH
EH PNkQ EOH EXOXQPDGQ PHKGkWPOD WHPQ HGHUP 'DUH PHPXU\HWQGH YH
QJLOWHUH.UDO
QGDQ]\DGHQIX]YHWEDUDVDKEEXOXQDQ+QG+GY
QQE]]DWQH]kUHW
YHGDUHHWGKHUWUOWHNODWYHOHYk]PPNHPPHOEURUGXNDUVQGDNXPDQGDQOD
UPQPHFUK\HW]HUQHDUDODUQGDNUWEDWDGDQNWkYHKDOHOWkUvROPXRODQNoN

49

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

UWEHO ]kEWkQ OH Dk\U UHVkVQQ KDUHNHW SHUkQvV EH\KGH YH EvIkGHGU +XVX
VX\ODEX]kEWkQQHPHYNEOUQHGHPHYNDQPDUIGXUODU6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\
Q
\DUDODQPDPDVoQHOPGHROVDGKD\DWPEOkWHUHGGGDU]HGHUGP)DNDWIHOkNHW
GHQVRQUDEXEUWHOHKKIYHWHPHQQGHQEDUHWNDOU)HOkNHWYkNDQQGDKDXPXPvEU
HNODOPDPDVPDNVDGQWHPQHNkIWHGkEvUQYFEWWKk]KX]XUXQGDWHOHKKIYH
WHPHQQOH]kDYDNWHWPHNRQXWHGvGH\OHPHNGU<DUQGQGHQGDKDHPQJ|UP\R
UXPEQ
V6XXG
XQWDKDNNXNHGHQK\DQHWDUDGDQGDKD]\DGH]DPDQJHoHUYHQH]
E
OOkKE]PWDUDIGDNoNEUPXYDIIDN\HWV]ONROXUVDGHUKDONDEkOVDUH\HGHWHPvO
>YH@VUD\HWHGHU2UDGDNNWDkWYHKDUHNkWDUDVQGDEUPXYk]DQHVkOPHWHVVHWPHN
KW\DF kFO YH NDWv YDUGU ,UDN
Q KDON QVDQODUQ PH]\\kW DKV\\HVQGHQ ]\DGH
PHYNFWPkvVQHKUPHWYHWDDWHGHU%XDNDP%DGDG
DYUGXQDQW]kUROXQDQ
'DVWDQO 0HKPHG )D]O 3DD
\ WDNUvEHQ G|UW D\ HYYHO 0XVXO
GDQ JHoHUNHQ J|UP
GP=kWHQVkGHGOGRPXRODQEX]kW\HWPVHQHONQvPEHGHYvKD\DWEUNDWGDKD
DWHKPDX\HWHGokUHWPROGXXQGDQEXHPHPXUHGOUVHPHPOHNHWHIDGH\HUQH
]DUDUWHYOvGHGHU%QkHQDOH\KPkUXQLOH\KLQYDNWL\OHX]DNODUGDQJHOHQDNVLEL]LPGH
NXODNODUP]GDLKWL]k]kWODWLIHKXVOHJHWUPRODQ|KUHWQHDOGDQPDPDNYkFEGU0H
VDIHQQX]DNO\OD]DPDQQNVDOWWKk]ROXQDFDNNDUDUQEUDQHYYHOWDWENROXQPDV
QVXUHWNDW\\HGHFDEHG\RUdkNHUOHUPHYNFWPkvKD\DWV\DVvWEDU\ODYDVO
RODEOHFHPPHUkWEQPQJD\UVWvKkOQKD\HWQKUk]HWPEUkF]P%XQGDQVRQUD
QH KD\DW IkQL\H EHOk DUD\DFDP %LU KVQL LQWLKk ELU DNEHW KDVHQHGU =kWHQ P
WHNkEOEUPXkUHIHOHWDQPDNGDROGXXPX]%DVUD
\D6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\EPHQ
QKv
ONHUvPIkNDW\kERODUDNKDUHNHWE]]DWGDUHHGHEOHFH]DPDQDNDGDUEHQGHQ]
PHPXUHWGUPHQ]EOKDVVDUFDHGHUP%XKDYDOGHHQE\NPHPXUUHVPvEXOXQPDN
VIDW\ODEXWHNOIKHPYD]IHPKHPKDNNPGU<QHPDKDOOQGHQQWKkEROXQDFDNEU
NPWHIHQQQ]kEWOHKDUEQFKHWIHQQ\\HVQGDUHGHGokUPNOkWRODPD\DFD
PPGHGHUPXQXGDNHPkOWHYk]XODDU]HGH\PN$OODKRJQ0VOPDQODUD
J|VWHUPHVQ'PDQ%DGDG
QNDVDEDVQDGHOYOk\HWQQKXGXGXQDWDNDUUXEHGHUVH
NDUVQDoNPD>N@GDQEHQ\DOQ]EUH\PHQHGHEOUNRGD|OPGU2VPDQO3DG
DK
QGDQIHUPkQOHWHVHOOPHWGPEUYOk\HWP\QH2VPDQO3DGDK
QQIHUPkQ\
ODJHOHFHNRODQELUDGDPGDQEDNDVQDWHVOLPHGHPHP$NVLWDNGLUGHQJLOL]OHU%DGDG
9Ok\HW
QHGHVWWHJDOOEX]DWPDGDQ0HOHN
OPHYWEHQPFDQPDYD]\HGHGHU+kO
YHPDKDOWDVDYYXUHGOHPH\HFHNGHUHFHGHYDKPGU(PUGHYOHWOHUQHPWHKkONkQHDU]
>YH@QW]kUHG\RUXP)HUPkQ
)v.kQQ6kQv>@
9DO
1D]I

'+)5BDEFGHIJK

50

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

Ate hattnda iki bacandan yaralanan Sleyman Asker Bey adrda sedyesinde
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

51

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

17

+56<6

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.&(3+(61'((65'h(1260$1/,
$6.(5/(511%850$
<$1$./

%DVUD .UIH]L YH )UDW HYUHVLQGHNL VDYDODUGD QJLOL]OHUH HVLU GHQ 


 VXED\

VL7UNYH
X$UDSHIUDWGDQROXDQWRSODPNLLOLNLON2VPDQOHVLUNDILOH
VLQLQ%XUPD
QQ7KD\HWP\RNHQWLQGHKD]UODQDQHVLUNDPSQDJWUOGNOHUL

1LVDQ

+XOkVDhVHUk\2VPDQ\\H\HPDKVXV7KD\HWP\R
GDWHVVHGOHQWHYNIPDKDOO

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK0DUWVHQH>@

+DUE\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
5DQJRQ
GDN$PHUNDNRQVRORVXWDUDIQGDQ$PHUND+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QHPUVHOUD
SRUGDQDQODOGQDJ|UH7KD\HWP\R>
GD@ %XUPD VHUk\2VPDQ\\H
\HPDKVXVEUWHYNI
PDKDOO WHVV HGOP YH %DVUD .|UIH] YH )UDW FKHWQGHN VHIHU HVQDVQGD 
 ]kEWGHQ

V7UN YH 
X$UDE HIUkGGDQ EDUHW ROPDN ]HUH PHFPX  NGHQ PUHNNHE
RODQONNDIOHVHUk.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@
WH5DQJRQ
DYDVOROGXX$PHUND6HIk

UHW
QGHQkUNOQPDNGDGUHIHQGP
+56<6

53

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

18

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

260$1/,25'8681818$<%(0$/8%<(79(
6h/(<0$1$6.(5%(<
117+$5,

2UGXQXQ XD\EH DGO PDKDOGH GPDQOD \DSW DUSPDGD JHUL HNLOGLLQH


EXQGDQGROD\.XPDQGDQ6OH\PDQ$VNHU%H\
LQLQWLKUHWWLLQH%LQED9HGDW
YH$OL5]DEH\OHULQHKLWROGXNODUQDYHEXRUGXNRPXWDQOQDDONDQOKHU
NHVH ELOLQHQ +DOLO %H\
LQ WD\LQL\OH PHVHOHQLQ QQQ DOQPDV JHUHNWLLQH GDLU
0QWHILN0XWDVDUUI+DP]D%H\
LQ'DKLOL\H1H]UHWL
QHJQGHUGLLWHOJUDI

1LVDQ

0VWDFHOGU

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF1DVU\H
1XPDUD
7DUK1VDQ>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
%UQFQXPDUDGDQ$VNHUYHPFDKGvQ 0DUW
QRWX]XQFXJQQGH%DVUD
\DNVDDW
PHVDIHGHXD\EHQDPQGDNPVWDKNHPEUPHYNGHWDKDVVXQHGHQGPDQDYkNRODQWDDU
UX]YHKFXPODURWX]DOWVDDWJD\HWGGHWOGHYDPHWPYHKHQ]Ok\N\ODDQODODPD\DQ
HVEkEQQ OFDkW\OD RUGX PDDWWHHVVI JHU oHNOP YH ,UDN +DYDOV 8PXP .XPDQGDQ
6OH\PDQ$VNHUv%H\EXKkOGHQPWHHVVURODUDNQWKkUHWPYH%QED9HGDGYH$O5]D
%H\OHUHKGROPXODUGU (UNkQ+DUE\H KH\HW\OHDVNHUYHPFDKGvQGQDNDP$Pk
re
\HNDUDGDQVHN]QHKUHQDOWVDDWONPHVDIHGHNkQ+DPV\H1DK\HV
QHDYGHWHWGNOHUQ
EXRUGX\DIDkOYHJD\UHWKHU\HUGHPFHUUHERODQYHEXJQOHUGH0XVXOKDYDOVQGHQ$]HU
ED\FDQ
DJ|QGHUOHQ+DOO%H\
QNXPDQGDQODWD\QOHEXHKHPP\HWOPHVHOHQQ|QQQ
DOQPDVQNHPkOHKHPP\HWOHVWUKkPH\OHUP
)v1VDQVHQH>@
0QWHIN0XWDVDUUI
+DP]D

'+)5

55

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

19

+%

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.9(+$9$/6.80$1'$1/,,1$05$/$<
185(''1%(<
17$<1

,UDN YH +DYDOLVL .XPDQGDQ NRORUGX NRPXWDQO \HWNLOHUL\OH GRQDWOP RODUDN


'UGQF)UND.RPXWDQ0LUDOD\1XUHGGLQ%H\
LQWD\LQROXQGXXQDGDLULUDGH

1LVDQ
+DUE\H1H]kUHW
7DKUUkW'DUHV
7DKUUkW.DOHP


UDGH6HQ\\H
,UDNYH+DYDOV.XPDQGDQO
QDNRORUGXNXPDQGDQOVDOkK\HWQKD]ROPDN]HUH
'|UGQF)UND.XPDQGDQ0UDOD\1XUHGGQ%H\WD\QNOQPGU
EXUkGHVHQ\\HQQFUDVQD+DUE\H1k]UPHPXUGXU

)v&XPkGHOkKUHVHQH)v1VDQVHQH
0(+0('5($'
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOYH+DUE\H1k]U
(QYHU

6DGUD]DP
0HKPHG6DG

+%

,UDN&HSKHVJQOHUQGH0UDOD\1XUHGGQ%H\
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

57

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

20

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

8$<%(0$/8%<(7
1('$5%h.5((/d66$)$%(<
1
%h.5(1*/=(/d/
1'(1('1'%/*/(5

%DVUD
GDEXOXQDQ1XKD\OD
QQQJLOL]OHUWDUDIQGDQLJDOHGLOGLLYHQJLOL]OHULQ
%DVUDFLYDUQGDNLXD\EH
GH7UNOHULER]JXQDXUDWWNODU

1LVDQ

+DUE8PXPv
+DUHNkWKDUE\H
%kEOv+DUF\H1H]kUHWIUH7DKUUkW.DOHP
7HOHJUDPPH
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
IUH0GU\HW
1VDQ1R

%NUH(OoV  $EGOODWI 6DID%H\


GHQ
+DUF\H1k]U 6DG+DOP3DD
\D
%NUH1VDQ
%XUD %NUH QJO](OoO
QQQDNOHWWPDOXPkW
7UNOHUQXD\EH
GHER]JXQDXUDWOPDODUGDKD|QFHGQOPHGHNO\OHHNVNV]
WDPDPODQG6RQJHOHQUDSRUODUDJ|UH7UNOHUJHU\HEUoRNRWRPREOFHSKkQH\NOYDJRQ
ODUEUDNDUDNJHU\HoHNOGOHUdHNOPHHVQDVQGD\ROODUQDUGODU%XHVQDGDNHQGOHUQH
NDURODQ$UDSNDEOHOHUWDUDIQGDQKUSDODQGODU,VUDUODGRODDQD\D\DJ|UH7UNEUONOHU
NXPDQGDQ6OH\PDQ$VNHUQWKkUHWW'PDQQDVNHUND\E1VDQWDUKOHUDUDVQ
GDN\HXODW7UNOHUQ>oHNOG@E|OJHPHYFXWGXUXPGD%DVUD\DNORPHWUHGHQ
ID]ODEUPHVDIHGHHPV\H
QQNX]H\GU

+56<6B

59

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

21

%(2

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

05$/$<185(''1%(<
1
%$65$9$//1(7$<1

,UDNYH+DYDOLVL.XPDQGDQ0LUDOD\1XUHGGLQ%H\
LQ%DVUD9DOLVLRODUDNWD\LQL

1LVDQ

'DUH6DGkUHW>8PU@0KPPH.DOHP
(YUDNQXPDUDV
7DUKPEH\\H]&HPk]\HOkKUVHQH>@1VDQVHQH>@

'DKO\HYH+DUE\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHOHUQH
1VDQ>@WDUKOYHKXVXVvQXPDUDOWH]NUHDO\\HOHUQHFHYDEGU
%DVUD 9Ok\HW 9DOO
QH ,UDN YH +DYDOV .XPDQGDQ 0UDOD\ 1XUHGGQ %H\
Q WD
\Q KXVXVXQD   0HFOV 9NHOk NDUDU\OD E
OVWv]kQ UkGH VHQ\\H FHQkE 3DGDKv
HUHIPWHDOONEX\XUXODUDNVXUHWPXVDGGDNDVOHIIHQWDUDIGHYOHWOHUQHVUkYH+DUE\H
1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QHWHEOJkWFUDNOQPGUHIHQGP
 +DUE\H
\H
'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QQkU]HUQH

1VDQ>@WDUKOUkGHVHQ\\H]HUQH

%(2

61

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

22

'+)5BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

8$<%(08+$5(%(61'(1*/=$6.(5/(511
0.7$5,9(.$<,3/$5,

JQJHFHGHYDPHGHQXD\EH0XKDUHEHVL
QGHQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQGHQGUW
ELQ\DUDOYHVHNL]ELQFLYDUQGDOROGXXQJLOL]OHULQEOJHGHWRSODP\LUPLELQ
DVNHULEXOXQGXXEXQODUGDQRQELQNLLOLNELUELUOLL0XKDPPHUH]HULQGHQ+X
YH\]H
GHNL 0HKPHG )D]O 3DD
QQ NXPDQGDVQGDNL 2VPDQO ELUOLNOHULQLQ ]HULQH
JQGHUGLNOHUL QJLOL]OHULQ LJDOL DOWQGD EXOXQDQ %DVUD YH $DU
GD LGDU YH DGO
PHPXUOXNODUD\HQLDWDPDODU\DSOGQJLOL]OHUHKL]PHWHWWLNOHULDQODODQLGDU
PHPXUODUGDQ$PUH
\HJHOHQOHULQ'LYDQ+DUE
HVHYNHGLOGLLYHKDNODUQGDJH
UHNOL\DVDOLOHPOHULQEDODWOGQDGDLU$PUH
\HWDQPRODQ%DVUD9DOLOLL
Q
GHQJQGHULOHQWHOJUDI

0D\V

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF$PkUH
1XPDUD
7DUK1VDQ>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
$GHG
&1VDQ>@QXPDUDEHQJO]OHU%DVUD
\RWX]EHEQDVNHUOHVWODHWGOHU
VWOD\PWHkNEYDNW\OHYHUOHQYDG]HUQH7DOE%H\%DVUDYDOXPXPvOQHWD\QQ
WDOHEH\OHPQJO]+NPHWEXWDOHEVkIHGHPH\HUHNNPDKGXPX\OD+QGVWDQ
DJ|Q
GHUPSDVDSRUWDOQPGUhoJQoJHFHGHYDPHGHQXD\EH0XKDUHEHV
QGHQJO]OHU
G|UWEQPHFUKYHNPVOQVEHWQGHPDNWOYHUPOHUGU2VPDQODVNHUQGHQDOQDQVHUk

P\kQQGD=HKU]DGH2VPDQ%H\GDKPHYFXGROXSEXPXKDUHEH\PWHkNE DKDOQQ KkVO


RODQKH\HFDQQQWHVNQoQPHEV+DFVD(IHQG 7DOE%H\
Q.XYH\W
GHNSHGHU 5H
FHE(IHQG
\%DVUD
\DJHWUPROPDNODNVEUONGHoDOPDNGDGUODUXD\EH
GHPWHEkN
NXYYHWYH PKPPkWKDUE\HQQEUNVPQ=EH\UND]DV\OD%DVUDDUDVQGDNNFDP
NVPDKvUQND]DPH]EUXQFHQEXQGDYkN'HU\\H+]H\Ok " PHYNQHQDNOYHNVP
D]DPQ%DVUD
QQNDU\DNDVQGDEXOXQDQ<DK\D PXNDWDDVQQGDKDUFQHQDNOYH WDKvG
H\OHGYHHO\HYP PHFPNXYYHW\UPEQUkGGHVQGH ROXSEXQGDQRQEQQ0X
KDPPHUH]HUQGHQ+XYH\]H
\H0HKPHG)D]O3DD
QQ.XPDQGDVQGDNNXYk\DVNHU\H\H
NDUJ|QGHUOGKDEHUYHU\RU0HUKXP$VNHUv%H\
GHN YOk\HWIUHVQQDK]0QWHIN
0XWDVDUU
QD\D]OPVHGHFKHWDVNHU\HFHFUDHGOPHNGH RODQ PXKDEHUkW YOk\HW
IUHV\OHROPDVQDYHKHQ]FHYDEDOQDPDPDVQDQD]DUDQPH]NUIUHQQNXPDQGDQYHNO

63

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

QH]GQGHROGXXDQODOPDNGDGU0HEV+DFVD(IHQGYH%HOHG\H5HV6kOK%H\%DVUD
YH$DUKkNPPVWHDUONODUQD$KPHG6kQv3DDYH0HKPHG3DDYH0XKDPPHUH+kNP
+D]DO
QPXWHPHG+DF0XVWDID+kNP+DVVDPVWHDUOQDGDUH+XVXVv\H0GU
$EEDV)D]O(IHQG7DSX0GU\HW
QHWD\QROXQGXXYHWFFDUGDQ0HKPHGXD\EvPRO
ODJkQGDQ$DU +D]QH9HNO0WHUDKP%DGDG
GDN/XJDW
O$UDE>QkP@UVkOHPHYNXWH
VDKE .k]PHU'FH\Ov QJO]K]PHWQHDOQG(EXO+DVvE%HOHG\H5HV$KPHGdH
OHE RUD KkNPOQH WD\Q HGOG YH PHPXUvQGHQ EUoRXQXQ HO\HYP QJO]OHUH K]PHW
HWGNOHUDQODODUDNEXQODUGDQEXUD\DJHOHQOHU'YDQ+DUEgUIv
\HWHYGv ve WDNEkWND
QXQ\\H\HWkEWXWXOPDNGDGUODU=UDDW0GU0KDO(IHQG<XQDQWHEDDVQGDQROGXXQX
GGDOHKDUFUDKYHPDDkWQJO]OHUWDUDIQGDQWHVY\HROXQDUDN%RPED\WDUvN\OD 'HUVDk

GHW
HJWGIDGHROXQPDNGDGU$KPHG6kQv3DD>YH@+DF7DKD>
\D@\]HUQJO]OUDV
YHUGNOHUYH%DVUD
GDEUNDoVHQHONWHNDOIQVWvIkVQDEDODQG)v1VDQ>@
%DVUD9DOVQDPQD
VPDO

'+)5

64

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,UDN&HSKHV
QGHVYDUPFDKWOHUGHQEUPIUH]H
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

23

'+)5BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%g/*($5(7/(511)('$.$5/,./$5,9(0h17().
$5(7/(55(68&(<0%(<
11*/=/(5(.$5,
9(5'0h&$'(/(

%OJHGHNL DLUHWOHULQ FDQVLSHUDQH YH IHGDNUFD 2VPDQO +NPHWL


QLQ OHKLQGH
WDYUDOGNODU8FH\P%H\
LQVYDULELUOLNOHUL\OHQJLOL]PHYNLOHULQHNDGDUJLGHUHN
EDVNQODUG]HQOHGLLYHGPDQQPDQHYLNXYYHWLQLNUPD\DDOW1XUHGGLQ
3DDNRPXWDVQGDEOJH\HGDKDE\NELURUGXQXQVHYNHGLOPHVL\OHNHVLQEDD
UQQND]DQODFDYHVDQFDNWDHQGLHHGLOHFHNEDNDFDELUGXUXPXQROPDGQD
GDLU0QWHILN0XWDVDUUI+DP]D
QQWHOJUDI

0D\V

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF+DPV\H
1XPDUD
7DUK0D\V>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
%UQFQXPDUD'PDQDNXUE\HWOHUKDVHE\OHWHPDVODUWDERODQDkUQDKYkOKk
]UDODUQDQODPDNoQ8FH\Pv%H\OHPWWHINDQPHUNH]OYkGDQKDUHNHWOH)UDW1HKU
QQ
ERD]ODU RODQ 8ND\O 6QQ 0D]ODN hPP 1XKD\OD PHYNOHUQH NDGDU JGHUHN +DPV\H
1DK\HV
QHDYGHWROXQGX8FH\Pv%H\DP\Hd|O
QGHDkUOHJ|UG*HUHNEXUDQQYH
JHUHNVH0D]ODN8ND\OVGGHVQHPFkYUEOXPXPDkUQDKYkOUXK\HOHUOHK
OKDPG
FDQVSHUkQHYHIHGDNkUkQHEUVXUHWGHKNPHWOHKQGHROGXXQXQD]DUNUDQOHJ|UGP
8FH\Pv %H\ EH \] NGHQ ]\DGH VYDU NXYYHW\OH NDUvEHQ GPDQ PHYNOHUQH NDGDU
JGSGGHWOYHGDPvEUVXUHWGHEDVNQFUDV\ODGPDQWDF]YHNXYk\PDQHY\HVQ
NUPDNoQPXNWH]vWHGkEvUWWKk]ROXQGX8PXP.XPDQGDQ1XUHGGQ%H\
QEXUD\DPX
YDVkODWODUQGDQDOODKHYYHONVQGHQGDKDE\NEURUGXQXQK]kU\ODPXYDIIDN\HWNDW\
\HQQ KXVO WHYINkW UDEEDQ\\HGHQ NDY\\HQ PHPO /YkQQ DKYkO 8PXPv\\HVQGH
PFEHQGHEUKkOROPDGQGDOkYHWHQDU]H\OHUP
)v0D\VVHQH>@
0XWDVDUUI+DP]D

'+)5

67

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

24

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$05(
11'h7hh9(%$'$7
,1'h0(611
2/$%/'1&(*(&.75/0(<(d$/,,/$&$,

$PUH
QLQGWGPDQQPNHPPHOVLODKODUODGRQDWOPELUQHKLUILORVX\OD
'LFOH 1HKUL
QGH LOHUOHGLNOHUL %DGDG
Q PXKDID]DVQD YH\D PPNQ ROGXX ND
GDUGPHVLQLQJHFLNWLULOPHVLQHDOODFDQD1XUHGGLQ3DDLOHELUOLNWHJHUHNOL
WHGELUOHULDOPDNODPHJXOROGXNODUQDGDLU%DGDG9DOLVL1D]LI
LQ'DKLOL\H1H]
UHWL
QHJQGHUGLLWHOJUDI

+D]LUDQ

'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H
3RVWDYH7HOJUDIYH7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHF%DGDG
1XPDUD
7DUK0D\VVHQH>@
0VWDFHOPDKUHPIUH

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
1XPDUDG|UW$PkUHVXNWHWG'PDQYFXGDJHWUGPNHPPHOYHKHUQHYHVO
KDFHGvGHOHPFHKKH]EUQHKUIORVXOH'FOH
GHQOHUO\RUXD\EHKH]PHWQQWDU>X@PDU
HWGNXYk\PXQWD]DPDYHPXkYQHP]QNXGUHWPGDIDDVIHYNDOkGHPXKWHOOROPDNOD
EHUDEHU]PPHWPHPXU\HWYHKDP\\HWHWHUHWWEHGHQKHUYD]IHIDROXQDFDNYH%DGDG
Q
PXKDID]DVQD YH\D PPNQ ROGXX NDGDU WHHKKXU VXNWXQD oDOODFDNGU .XPDQGDQ
1XUHGGQ%H\HIHQGOHEUONGHWHGkEvUOk]PHQQWWKk]\ODWJkOROXQX\RU)HUPkQ
)vPQK
%DGDG9DOV
1D]I

'+)5

69

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

25

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

9$19($05(
11'h0(611$5',1'$1(/&(=5(
%g/*(61'(<$$1$1$6$<352%/(0/(5

9DQYH$PUH
QLQGWQYHGPDQQ%DGDW
DGRUXJHOGLLQLLLWHQDL
UHWOHULQNDVDEDODU\DPDODPDVQQPXKWHPHOROGXX5HnVXOD\Q
GDMDQGDUPDQQ
KDON+ULVWL\DQODUDOH\KLQHWDKULNHWWWLLDLUHWOHULQQRUPDO]LUDDWLOHULQLEUDNS
WHQKDODUGD EXOXWXNODUQGDQ EDKLVOH PHYFXW VYDUL NXYYHWLQLQ ELU NDW DUWWUO
PDV JHUHNWLL KDWWD ,UDN
D JLWPHVL NDUDUODWUODQ DVNHU ELUOLNOHUGHQ ELULVLQLQ
5HnVXOD\Q
GDQEDOD\DUDN(O&H]UHEOJHVLQLJH]LSDVNHUNDDNODUQDUDPDVQ
GDQ VRQUD =RU
D JHOLS RUDGD ELU PGGHW NDOPDVQQ X\JXQ RODFDQD GDLU =RU
0XWDVDUUIWDUDIQGDQ\D]ODQWHOJUDI

+D]LUDQ

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF=RU
1XPDUD
7DUK+D]UDQVHQH>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
1XPDUDho9DQYH$PkUH
QQVXNWXGPDQQ%DGDG
DERPEDDWGEH\QH
ODKDO
k\GU%DGDGPGDIDDHGOPHNOHEHUDEHUGPDQQRUDODUDJHOGQGHQDk\UEUED
KDQHOHNDVDEkW\DPDHWPHVPXKWHPHOGU-DQGDUPDP]NXPDQGDQVkENQIHQDOQGDQ
]\DGHPX]UGU*HoHQOHUGH5HVOD\Q
GDEUMDQGDUPD+UVW\DQODUQNDWOQHIHUPkQoNP
G\H DKDOGHQ ED]ODUQ WDKUN YH PHQGIHU DPHOHVQGHQ >EU@ NDoQ VR\PX G$VD\
KHPHQDGHPWHFkVUOHUGHUGHVWMDQGDUPDPHUNH]OYk\DFHOEVWFYkEROXQX\RU9DND
KDGG]kWQGDk\kQGNNDWGU%XVUDGDOYkQQDPDU&HEXU%DNDUDJEDk\UVD\Iv
]UDDWPXWkGHVQFUDHWPH\SNVPHQWHQKDODUDoHNOHUHNEUOH\RUODUHKUDKDOVQGHQ
0FkKGvQ 7HNvOkW
QD WHHEEV HGOG VH GH EXQODUQ VODK D] ROGXX oQ DGHGHQ HOO\
EXOPD]$KYkOYHYHNk\PDU]DWEDU\ODPHYFXGRODQN\]HVWHUVYDU\HOkYHWHQ
EUPVOGDKDVQDO]XPNDWvYDUGU+DWWD,UDN
DVHYNPXNDUUHUNWDkWGDQEUQQ5HV
OD\Q
GDQEHGOHOYkQQ(O&H]vUHNWDVQGHYUHQIUDUvYHEDNk\kWDKDUUvVQGHQVRQUD=RU
D
JHOSEUPGGHWNDPHWPDNVDGWHPQHNkIROGXXQGDQVkIQVWUKkPH\OHUP
)v+D]UDQVHQH>@
=RU0XWDVDUUI
>P]D@

'+)5

71

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

26

%(2

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

05$/$<185(''1%(<
1
%$'$79$//
1(7$<1

$]OROXQDQ%DGDW9DOLVL6OH\PDQ1D]LI%H\
LQ\HULQH%DVUD9DOLVLYH,UDNYH+D
YDOLVL.XPDQGDQ0LUDOD\1XUHGGLQ%H\
LQWD\LQL

+D]LUDQ

'DUH6DGkUHW8PU0KPPH.DOHP
(YUDNQXPDUDV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
7DUKWHVYvGDEDQVHQH>@+D]UDQVHQH>@

'DKO\HYH+DUE\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHOHUQH
+D]UDQ>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUQHFHYDEGU
%DGDG9DOV6OH\PDQ1D]I%H\
QD]O\OH\HUQHNXPDQGDQONXKGHVQGHNDOPDN
]HUH%DVUD9DOVYH,UDNYH+DYDOV.XPDQGDQ0UDOD\1XUHGGQ%H\
QWD\QKXVXVXQD
 0HFOV9NHOkNDUDU\ODE
OVWv]kQUkGHVHQ\\HKD]UHW3DGDKvHUHIPWHDOON
EX\XUXODUDN VXUHW PXVDGGDNDV OHIIHQ WDUDIkOvOHUQHUVkONOQPYH +DUE\H 1H]kUHW
&HOvOHV
QHWHEONH\I\HWHGOPGUHIHQGP
 'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QQkU]HUQH

%(2

73

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

27

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$05(
11'h0(6h=(51(%$65$9/$<(7
0(5.(=11.7h
/$05(
<(1$./

$PUH
QLQGPHVL]HULQH%DVUDYLOD\HWPHUNH]LQLQ.W
O$PUH
GHWHHNNO
HWWLL %DVUD 9LOD\HWL
QGH DWUDW
O0QWHILN +D\\ YH $OL HO*DUE KDULFLQGHNL
ND]DODUQHOGHQNWYHNDODQEOJHOHULQVDYDVDKDVLLQGHNDOGJ]QQH
DOQDUDN%DVUD9LOD\HWL
QLQ%DGDG
DQDNOHGLOPHVLJHUHNWLLQHGDLU,UDN.XPDQGD
Q1XUHGGLQ3DD
GDQ'DKLOL\H1H]UHWL
QHJQGHULOHQLIUHOLWHOJUDI

7HPPX]

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H
3RVWDYH7HOJUDIYH7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHF.W
1XPDUD
7DUK7HPPX]VHQH>@
IUH

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
%DVUD9Ok\HWKDNNQGDPG\HNDGDUWHEOJkWFUDEX\XUXOPDGQGDQPH]NUYOk
\HWXPUXQXGDKU\HWHWPHNGH\P$PkUH
QQVNXWX]HUQH%DVUDPHPXUvQNDUDUJkK
HWUDIQGDWRSODQGQGDQYOk\HWPHUNH]WDEDWPDVODKDWOH.W
O$PkUH
GHWHHNNOHWG
$KvUHQPDD
WWHHVVI1DVU\H
QQGHVNXWX]HUQH%DVUD9Ok\HW
QQ\DOQ]DWUDW
O0QWH
IN+D\\$OHO*DUEvND]DODUNDOGNEXQODUGDGkUOKDUEGDKOQGHGUNVXUHWGQPHN
GH\P%UQF%DVUD9Ok\HWQDPQ\DDWPDNYHPHUNH]Q%DGDG
DQDNOHWPHNNQF
%DVUD9Ok\HW
QGHNDODQoND]D\QHWFHPXVkODKD\DNDGDU%DGDG9Ok\HW
QHUDEWHWPHN
NKkOGHGHHYYHOFHDU]H\OHGPID]ODPHPXUvQHEH\KGHPDDYHUPH\HUHNEDGH
WWDVI\H
\OHUQQEDNDPDKDOOHUGHVWKGDPPXYkINROXUPWkODDVQGD\P
)v7HPPX]VHQH>@
,UDN.XPDQGDQ
1XUHGGQ

'+)5

75

.
.
7
7
7

/  $ 0 5(
5 (  = $ )(5
)(
(5
5

76

.
.
7
7

/ $
$ 0 5(
(  = $ )(5
)(
(5
5
5

.W
O$PkUHPXKDVDUDSODQ $UDON
$6.(57$5+%(/*(/(5'(5*6
2FDN<O6D\
*HQHONXUPD\3HUVRQHO%DNDQO
$VNHU7DUKYH6WUDWHMN(WW $7$6( 'DUH%DNDQO<D\QODU

77

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

28

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.&(3+(61'(.%$$5,/$5,169(d
.$082<81$<$16,0$6,

2VPDQO2UGXVX
QXQ,UDNFHSKHVLQGHND]DQG]DIHUOHUYHVRQXODUQDGDLUV
YH
WHNDQ$IWRQEODGHWJD]HWHVLQLQKDEHUYH\RUXPODUQQVYHNDPXR\XQGD
\DUDWWWHVLU

$UDON

6WRFNKROP6HIkUHW6HQ\\HV
$GHG
0HOII

+DUF\H1k]UGHYOHWO+DOO%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
,UDNFHEKHKDUEQGHPFkKGvQ2VPDQ\\H
QQDKvUHQKUk]H\OHGPXYDIIDN\kW
PEHU WDUDI kOv VHUGDU HNUHPvGHQ UVkO NOQS EHUPXWkG PXQWD]DPDQ VYHo
7HOJUDI $MDQV YDVWDV\OD JD]HWHOHUH WHY]v HWGUOHQ WHEOJkW UHVP\\HOHUQ VYHo HINkU
8PXPv\\HVQQ +NPHW 6HQ\\H
\H KD\UKkK RODQ NVP ]HUQGH KVQ WHVU D]vP
ve NVP GHU ]HUQGH VH EKW  KD\UHWOH PWHUkIN EU WHVU PDNV FUD H\OHG
J|UOPHNGHGU 7HEOJkW PH]NUHQQFHEKHPHEKVHGHPXKDID]DUFKkQYH JkOE\HW
H\OHPHNGH ROGXNODUQD GDU WHEO NOQDQ QJO] NRPRQNHOHUQQ EXUD JD]HWHOHUQGH
DNvE QWkUQGD EQkHQDOH\K YDNW  ]DPDQ\OD YUGX QJO] PHQkEQGHQ WHUHXK
HGHQDKEkUQk\kQWPDGROPDGQEUNHUHGDKDVEDWH\OHGYHQJO]OHUGokU
KH]PHWROGXNODUQNHUKHQNUDUDPHFEXUNOGJEHINkU8PXPv\H\GHKk]UEXODUDN
YHNk\ Pk]\\H\H UFk JE EU PHJDOH ]KQ\HGHQ YkUHVWH NOG .RQVHUYDWXDU
JD]HWHOHUGHQRODQ$IWRQEODGHW
Q.kQQ(YYHOWDUKOQVKDVQGDPQGHUFX]XQEU
PDNDOHQQ ,UDN FHEKHVQGHN YHNk\ KDUE\\H\H YH PX]DIIHU\kW 2VPDQ\\H
QQ R
FKkWGDWHYOvGH\OH\HFHQHWk\FHPWHGkUROXSk\kQPWkODDJ|UOHQDNVkPWHUFPH
HWGUOHUHNJD]HWHPDNWXOHEHUDEHUWDNGPKkNSk\kOvQH]kUHWSHQkKvOHUNOQG
2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU

)v.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@
6HIkUHW6HQ\\H0DVODKDWJ]kU
0DQ\DV]kGH)HUGXQ

+56<6B

79

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

29

006B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

05$/$<+$//%(<
1%$'$79$//1(7$<1

,UDN YH +DYDOLVL .XPDQGDQ 0LUDOD\ +DOLO %H\


LQ PON YH DVNHU DGDQ JUOHQ
O]XP]HULQH%DVUD9LOD\HWLYDOLYHNLOOLLLOH%DGDW9LOD\HWLYDOLOLLQHWD\LQL

2FDN

%kEOv
0HFOV0DKVXV


'DKO\H 1H]kUHW
QQ PHOIIX\OD PHFOV DF]kQHP]GH PWkODD ROXQDQ  .kQQ
(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHVQGHGHUP\kQROXQGXXYHFKOH,UDNYH
KDYDOV XPXP NXPDQGDQO\D %DVUD YH %DGDG YDOONOHUQQ EU HOGH EXOXQPDV GDUH
DVNHU\HYHPON\HFHPFEIHYkGRODFDDQODOGQGDQNXPDQGDQONXKGHVQGHNDO
PDN]HUH%DVUD9Ok\HWYHNkOHW\OH%DGDG9Ok\HWYDOOQHKDYDOPH]NUHNXPDQGDQ
0UDOD\+DOO%H\
QWD\QE
WWHQVvEEXEkEGDWDQ]PNOQDQUkGHVHQ\\HOD\KDVOHIIHQ
DU]YHWDNGPNOQPDNODNkWEHDKYkOGHHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUHIHQGP]QGU
)v5HEvOHYYHOVHQH>@Iv.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@

H\KOVOkP
6DGUD]DP
+DUF\H1k]U 'DKO\H1k]U +DUE\H1k]U
YH(YNkI
YH%DKU\H
YH0DO\H
0HKPHG6DG
+DOO
1k]U9HNO +Pk\Q1k]U
1k]U9HNO
+D\U
(QYHU
7DODW
7FDUHWYH
=UDDW1k]U
$KPHG1HVPv

0DkUI1k]UYH
3RVWDYH7HOJUDI
YH7HOHIRQ1k]U
9HNO
$KPHGNU

1DIk1k]U
Abbas

006B

81

$GO\H1k]UYH
Uk\'HYOHW
5HVYHNO
+DOO

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

30

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'.80$1'$6,1'$.1*/=
%5/./(511.7h
/$05(
'(08+$6$5$('/0(6

.W
O$PUH
GHPXKDVDUDHGLOHQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGYHNXYYHWOHULQHKHQ]\DU
GPNXYYHWOHULQLQXODDPDPROGXXQDVDIODUQDJHHQELURN$UDSNDELOHOHUL\
OH7UNOHULQJLWWLNHDVNHUJOHULQLDUWWUGNODUQD,UDN
WD\DSODQQJLOL]DVNHU
KDUHNHWLQLQQHDPDOD\DSOGQQDUWNKNPHWHEHOLUOHQLSNDPXR\XQXQELOJL
OHQGLULOPHVLJHUHNWLLQHGDLUQJLOWHUH
GH\D\QODQDQ7LPHVJD]HWHVL
QLQ2FDN
WDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]

2FDN

QJO]0DWEkW7PHV>JD]HWHVQQ@.kQQ6kQvWDUKOQVKDVQGDVUDWOHJHUHN0VU
GDYH
JHUHNDUN.DUvE
GHFUDVQDWHYHVVOH\OHGP]KDUHNkWKDUE\\HQQEUWDU]PDNOYH
PXQWD]DPDGDFHUH\kQH\OHPHVKDNNQGDKNPHWQWWKk]H\OH\HFHWHGEUYHNDUDUDHOkQ
QW]kUGDEXOXQPDNGD\]
%XKDUHNkWDVNHU\\H\GDUHHGHQNXPDQGDQQVQHPDWRUDIHUGOHUJEEU WHEHG
GODOHW OHEUEUQWDNEHQGHGUOGQYHVDKUDGDQ+QGNX'DODUQDNDGDUNHVE
PWGkG YH YVDW HGHQ KDUHNkW PXKWHOIH KDUE\\H\ PWHKDVVV YH k\kQ WPDG EU
NXPDQGDQQGDUHVQHWHYGvH\OHPHNKXVXVXQGDKNPHWQKHQ]EUWHGEUWWKk]H\OHPH
GQPDD
WWHHVVIPDKHGHH\OHPHNGH\]
+DOEXNKNPHWQ,UDNKDUHNkWDVNHU\HVQHGDUYHUGPEKHPPDOXPkWDUN
.DUvE
GHWHVDGIH\OHGP]PNOkWSHND]WHQYUHGHEOGJEEXPHPOHNHWDKDOVQ
GDKKDNk\NDKYkOHWHPDVGDQPHQOHHINkU8PXPv\H\WHYYHWDOvWH\OHPHNGHQEDND
EUH\HKGPHWH\OHPHPHNGHGU
+HUKkOGHKHUNHVQNHVEYXNIH\OHGEUKDNNDWYDUVHRGDK*HQHUDO7RZQV
KHQG
QGDUHVDOWQGDEXOXQDQD]vPEUQJO]+QGXNXYYHDVNHU\HVQQEHKDIWDGDQEHU
'FOH1HKU]HUQGH.W
O$PkUHYH\DEXPHYNNXUEQGHYH7UNDVNHUWDUDIQGDQWDKW
PXKDVDUD\DDOQPROPDVNH\I\HWGU
.W
O$PkUHQHKUER\XQFD$FHP.|UIH]
QGHQWDNUvEHQPOPHVDIHGHGU,UDN
GD
KDUHNkWDVNHU\\HP]QHKUQDNO\kWQDWkEROGXXQGDQ
>V@
EXUDGDNPHYkNKDUE\\HQQQHKUGHQRODQX]DNOQDJ|UHWD\QFDEH\OHU
.W
O$PkUH%DGDG
QNHUYDQ\ROX\ODQHKUWDUvN\ODPOFHQEXQGDNkQGU
1HKUGHQDNO\kWKGPHWQJ|UHQ PRWRU YHVWPOHPWHKDUUNPHUkNEVDvUHQQNXYk\
DVNHU\HQQFHVkPHW\OHPWHQkVEYHQDNO\kWYD]IHVQO]XPXYHFKOHID\DNkIROPDPDV
GDKD\UFDFkOEQD]DUGNNDWYHFk\POkKD]DGU
WHEXQXQoQGUNOHYk]PYHPHNOkWQNVPD]DPQHKUQVHUvDNQGVQDNDU
NHPkOPNOkWOHFHUHGOHQ\HUOPHUkNEEDKU\\HOHDVNHUH\HWGUOPHNGHGU

83

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

WHEXPNOkWDEQkHQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
HJ|QGHUOHFHNNXYk\PGDG\\HKDWWD
7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQGokUWDDUUX]YHPXKDOHIHWROPDPROVDEOHNDVUKkOGHVUDWOk]PH
OHPDKDOOPDNVXGDPXYkVDODWHWPHHPXYDIIDNRODPD\DFDNGU
WHPHYNFRUDIvVWEDU\ODEXUDGDNKDUHNkWDVNUHU\\HP]
GHN1O1HKU
ER\XQFD+DUWXP
DNDUWHHEEVROXQDQKDUHNkWDVNHU\\H\HSHNPkEKGU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QHOKkOHWKk]KvEXOXQGXXPHYNWHEOJkWUHVP\\HEUWUO
WD\QH\OHPHPHNGHGU.W
O$PkUH
GHN7UNPHYkNPVWDKNHPHVQHNDUNXYk\DV
NHU\\HP]WDUDIQGDQYH(\OO
GH\DSODQSDUODNKFXPODUQHKUER\XQFDPONDGDU
PWGkGHGHQEUVDKD]HUQGH
>V@
9HNHPkOPXYDIIDN\HWOHFUDROXQPXG
.W
O$PkUH'FOH1HKU
QQ\DUGDNDGDUEUYVDWJ|VWHUHQEUQKQkVQGDNkQ
ROXSDUD]WDPDP\ODPQKDWWoIGDQODUPVWHVQDROGXXKkOGHVDWKDDoGDQWDPDP\OD
PXDUUkGU$UD]GHWDYHND\DONGHOGU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGVHQHVQGHdWUDO.DOHV
QGHPXKDVDUDHGOHQSROWNDPHPX
UX6U5REHUWVRQOHEHUDEHUEXOXQDQNXYk\DVNHU\\H\HNXPDQGDH\OHPROGXXFKHWOH
E|\OHEUPHPOHNHWGHPXKDVDUDQQQHGHPHNROGXXQXSHNkOkEOU
'HVWUHV ROGXXPX] PDOXPkW 0HGk\Q PVDGHPHVQGHQ VRQUD *HQHUDO 7RZQVHQG
Q
NXPDQGDVQDWHYGvROXQDQNXYk\DVNHU\\H\SHNJ]HOGDUHHWPROGXXDQODOPDNGD
GU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG7UNOHUQ.W
O$PkUH
GHNEWQKFXPODUQGHIHWPHHPX
YDIIDNROGXXJENNDGDURODQNXYYHW\OHGHPG\HNDGDUPHYNQPXKDID]D\D
PXNWHGUROPXGXU
7UNOHUQPDNVDGGDKDE\NNXYYHWOHUOH*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
DU]WHVOP\HWHPHF
EXUHWPHNYHD\Q]DPDQGDJHOHFHNNXYk\PGDG\\HQQPPkOH\KOHEUOHPHVQHPkQ
ROPDNGU7UNOHUEXWHHEEVOHUQHNROD\ONODPXYDIIDNRODPD\DFDNODUVHGHKHUKkOGHPHY
NKk]UEUPGGHWoQYDKPYHPFEKH\HFDQROPXGX
.kQQ(YYHOHYkOQGHEU7UNOYkV'FOH1HKU
QQVDVDKOQGH
>V@
YH.W
O$PkUH
QQFHQEXQGDEXOXQDQH\KVDGQDPPHYNPXKDVDUDHWPYHQ
JO]DVkNUQHNXYk\PGDG\\HYUGXQDPkQROPDNVWHPG
H\KVDGNDU\HVQHKUWDUvN\OD.W
O$PkUH
QQFHQEXQGDNkQEUNDU\HGU
.kQQ6kQv
QQEHQFdDUDPEDJQ7UNOHUEXUDVQGGHWOHERPEDUGPDQHWPG
.XYk\PGDG\\HEXHVQDGD.W
O$PkUH
QQPOFHQEXQGDN$OHO*DUEv
\HYDVO
ROPXG%XNXYYHPGDG\\HSHNPXNWHGUEU]kEWRODQ*HQHUDO$\OPHU
QWDKWNXPDQ
GDVQGDG
WH EX *HQHUDO QHKUQ VRO VDKOQGHQ OHUOH\HQ *HQHUDO <RXQJKXVEDQG
Q NXYk\
DVNHU\HV\OHEUOHPYHD\Q]DPDQGDVHQHKUQVD\DNDVQWDNEHQOHUOH\HQ*HQHUDO
&DPSEHOO
QPIUH]HVQHPOkNvROPXGXU
WHEWQEXQJO]NXYk\DVNHU\HV\OH7UNDVkNUEH\QQGHH\KVDGFYDUQGD
E\NEUPVkGHPHYXNXEXOPXGXU*HQHUDO&DPSEHOO7UNOHUEXPVkGHPHGHSVNUWH
UHNHVUDOPYHH\KVDGFYDUQGDWHGkIvEUYD]\HWGHNDOPGU
84

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%XHVQDGDQHKUQPXNDEO\DNDVQGDEXOXQDQ*HQHUDO$\OPHUoIUNDGDQPUHNNHE
EU7UNNXYk\DVNHU\HV\OHPVDGHPH\HJUPHHPHFEXUROPXYH7UNOHUQWHIHYYXN
DGHGvVNDUVQGDUFDWHPHFEXUNDOPYHDVNHUQSHN\RUJXQROPDVQGDQGROD\DUWNOHU
OH\HPH\HFHQQJO]NXYk\DVNHU\\HVEDNXPDQGDQQDEOGUPGU
%XPVkGHPHGHWDUDIP]GDQNOO\HWOWHOHIkWYHUOGYHKDYDQQER]XN>ROPDVQD@
>V@
EQkHQOHUOHPHNPPNQRODPD\DFDQGDWHEOJkWUHVP\HOHEOGUOPGUWH
WHEOUHVPvWDU]QGDYHUOHQEXKNk\HEXUDGDQKD\HWEXOPDNGDGU1HWFH"
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
HKkOkNXYk\PGDG\\HJ|QGHUOPHPROGXXDQODO\RU%HON
GH.W
O$PkUH
GHNPXKkVUvQNXYYHPGDG\\HJ|QGHUOHUHNNXUWDUODEOUVHGH,UDN
GD
HUkLWKD]UDGDKOQGHFUDHGOHQKDUHNkWDVNHU\\H8PXPv\HWWEDU\ODE]OHUFHPFE
HQGHROPDNGDGU
7UNOHUJWGNFHNXYk\DVNHU\\HOHUQWH]\vGHWPHNGHYHEXNXYYHWHOkYHWHQEUoRN
$UDENDEkONHQGOHUQHOWKDNH\OHPHNGHGU
X VUDGD WDIVODW Ok]PH YHUPHV oQ KNPHW WD]\N H\OHPHN ]DPDQ GHOVH GH
,UDN
GDFUDROXQDQKDUHNkWDVNHU\HQQQHPDNVDGDPDWIROGXXQXWD\QYHWDY]KH\OH
PHV]DQQHGHU]HHUNHQGOHUQFHGDKPDOXPVHKNPHWQFPOHYH]kIQGHQEUGU
*HoHQVHQHQJO]NXYk\DVNHU\HVQQ.W
O$PkUH
\HNDGDUOHUOHPHVED]POk
KD]kWDVNHU\\H\HPEWHQvG+DWWDEXPOkKD]kW.W
O$PkUH
QQ%DVUD
\DYkNRODFDN
EU KFXPX WHVKvO H\OH\HQ JDUE FKHWQGHN o|OH KkNP EU QRNWDGD EXOXQPDV\OD GD WHIVU
ROXQDEOUG
(HU %DGDG
D GRUX RODQ WDNDUUXE PDK]k FDEkW V\DV\HGHQ VH KHQ] E]OHUFH
QkPDOXPYHJD\UPHUvEUoRNQHWk\FYDKPHYHYXNXkWHOvPH
>V@
WHYOvGHGHQEXKDUHNHWVHUVHU\kQHGHQGROD\KNPHWQPHVXONDODFDSHNWDEGU
1XNkWQD]DUP]PVOO,UDNKDUEQGDUHHGHQNXPDQGDQODUP]GDGDPDWDD\\U
YHWHEHGGOH\OHPHNGHGU%WQQJO]NXYk\DVNHU\\HVNXPDQGDQO*HQHUDO6U-RKQ
1[RQ
DWHYGvROXQPXG
%X]kWVDUUIHNk\VkOKXUGHJvVPVOOKDVWDGGQGHQPHYN+QGVWDQ(UNkQ
+DUE\H$VNHU\\HV5HV6U3HUF\/DNH
HWHYGvROXQPXGXU
%XWHEHGGOQFUDVDQQGDYH6YH\.DQDO
QQPGKEUKFXPDPDU]NDOGQD
QW]kUH\OHGP]XGDNNDODUGD0VU.XYk\$VNHU\\HV.XPDQGDQO
QQGDKQNVD
PDGokUROGXXGOPGU
WHJHUHN0VUYHJHUHNDUN.DUvE
GHNKDUHNkWDVNHU\HQQFKHWPDWI\HWQ
WD\Q]PQQGDKNPHWQDUWNEUNDUDUWWKk]HWPHVOk]PJHOGJEEXKDUHNkWDVNH
U\\H\ PWHIHUUN YH PXKWHOI UHVk\D GHO EDOFD XPXPv EU NXPDQGDQQ GDUHV DOWQD
WHYGvH\OHPHN]DPDQQQYUGH\OHGQGDKGUDNHWPHOYHOk]PJHOHQQRNWDQD]DU
WDNEYHFDEHGHQHUEkEHKOVWKGDPH\OHPHOGU

+5079BB

85

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

31

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.
7$.1*/=%5/./(511
%$$5,6,=/,./$5,1$'$5%$=,<2580/$5

*HQHUDO$\OPHU
LQ2FDN
WD7UNPHY]LOHULQHKFXPHWWLLQHVDYDQRNNDQO
JHWLLQHYHKDYDQQHOYHULVL]ROPDVQGDQYH'LFOH1HKUL
QLQWDPDVQGDQGROD\
\HQLELUVDOGUQQJHUHNOHHPHGLLQHGDLU,UDN
WDNLQJLOL].XYYHWOHUL%DNRPXWD
Q6LU3HUF\/DNH
GHQJHOHQWHOJUDIQLHULL\OHLOJLOL/D9RL[GX1RUGJD]HWHVLQGH
NDQ\D],UDN
WDNLQJLOL]DVNHULKDUHNWQQEDDUV]ROPDVQQVUHNOL\DDQ
\DPXUODUGDQ ND\QDNODQGQD GDLU 7HPSV JD]HWHVLQLQ  2FDN  WDULKOL
QVKDVQGDNDQ\D]

2FDN


)UDQV]0DWEkW/D9R[GX1RUGJD]HWHVQQ.kQQ6kQv
VHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ

+QGVWDQ1H]kUHWkWvGHPXKDUUHUWHEOOkQHG\RU
/RQGUDPQK
,UDNNXYk\DVNHU\\HVEDNXPDQGDQ6U3HUF\/DNH
GHQ\UPN.kQQ6kQvWDU
K\OHYkUGRODQWHOJUDIQkPHOHU*HQHUDO$\OPHU
Q\UPEU.kQQ6kQv
GH7UNPHY]OHU
QHKFXPH\OHGQEOGU\RUODU
0XKDUHEHSHNKQUv]kQHROPXYHPXKWHOIPXYDIIDN\HWOHUOHEWQJQGHYDPHW
PGU+DYDQQGDPDJD\UPVDGROPDVKDUHNkWDVNHU\\H\NkOHG\RUGX)H\H]kQOD
UPWHkNE\UPN.kQQ6kQv
GHKFXPXWHFGvGHWPHNPPNQGHOG
*HQHUDO$\OPHUGPDQQEQo\]PHWUHONVSHUPHYk]Q]DEWH\OHG+DYDSHN
IHQDEUKkOGHGHYDPHWPHNGHYH\DPXUNHVOPHPHNGHGU7DUDIH\QQSHNNOO\HWORODFDN
RODQ]k\kWKDNNQGDKoEUWDIVODWJHOPHPGU
7HPSVJD]HWHVQQ.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@
WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ

,UDN
GDQJO]NWDkWQQYD]\HW
/RQGUDPQK
QJO]PDWEkWQQ,UDN
GDNYHNOEXKDYDOGHNKDUHNkWDVNHU\HQQGokUEHWkHW
ROPDVQ)ODQGUD
GDNKDOKDWUODWDFDNGHUHFHoDPXUODUQKXVOQHVHEHE\HWYHUHQPWHPkGv
\DPXUODUDDWIHG\RU

+5079B

87

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

32

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(51.7h
/$05(
'(.=25*h1/(5

*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQ.W
O$PUH
\LLNLD\GDQEHULNDUDUOONODVDYXQGXX*HQH
UDO$\OPHU
LQ\DUGPNXYYHWOHULQLEOJH\HXODWUPDNLLQDEDODUQDGHYDPHWWLL
YH .W
O$PUH FLYDUQGDNL VDYDQ KHU JHHQ JQ GDKD GD JHQLOHPHNWH YH
GROD\V\OD7UNOHULQVD\FDVWQONOHULQLND\EHWWLNOHULQHGDLU3DULV
WH\D\QODQDQ
7HPSVJD]HWHVLQLQXEDWWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]

XEDW

>V@
)UDQV]0DWEkW3DUV
GHoNDQ7HPSVJD]HWHVQQXEDWVHQH
>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ

,UDNFHEKHKDUE
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q.W
O$PkUH
GHND\GDQEHUGHYDPHGHQVHEDWPXDQQGk
QHVPG\HNDGDUKoEUYHFKOHGokU]DDIROPDPGU
.XYk\PH]NUHQQEUk]HWGVHEDWNDKUDPDQkQH\HPXkGOEUHFkDWOH'FOHVD
KOQWDNEHQOHUOH\HQNXYk\PXkYQHKDUHNHWOHUQGHGHYDPHG\RUODU.XYk\0XkYQH
.XPDQGDQ*HQHUDO$\OPHU
QNDUVQGDPWHIHYYN7UNNXYkVGHOD\Q]DPDQGDNWKk
PPNORODQNPHYVPQQIHYNDOkGHWHFHOO\kWGDEXOXQPDNGDGU
,UDN
GDQHKUOHUQWX\kQEXVHQHIHYNDOkGHEUGGHWJ|VWHUPGU'FOHYH)UDWQH
KUOHUWHYkOvWX\kQHGHUHNWD%DGDG
DNDGDUKHUWDUDIVXDOWQGDEUDNPDNGDGU$QFDN
\UPN.kQQ6kQvQJO]WHEOQGHQVRQUDWX\kQODUGDQEDKVROXQPDPDNGDGU
9XNXKkOHQD]DUDQ*HQHUDO$\OPHU
QRUGXVXPDU]NDOGPNOkWDGvGHNDU
VQGD.W
O$PkUH
\PXKDVDUDGDQNXUWDUPDN]HUHGHUED]WHGkEvUHWHYHVVOHWPHNGHGU
%XQGDQEUPGGHWHYYHO7UNOHUHKUQFKHWJDUE\\HVQGHEXOXQDQ
>V@
EUQJO]NROXQXQPHUNH]OHRODQUkEWDVQNDWHWGNOHUQGGDHG\RUODUG
%XQJO]NWDDVNHU\\HVQHROGX"%XKXVXVGDKHUNWDUDIKW\kUVXNWHWG$Q
FDNDKvUHQ7UNPHQkEQGHQWHUHXKHGHQED]KDEHUOHUQJO]OHUQ\HQGHQEvSHUYkEU
KDUHNHWHWHYHVVOHWGNOHUQPkHWPHNGHGU

89

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

0QWHIN
QDOWWDUDIQGDYH.XUQDOH.W
O$PkUH
QQJDUEQGDNkQDWW
O+k\.D
QDO
QJHoPHNVWH\HQEUQJO]PIUH]HDVNHU\\HVOH7UNOHUDUDVQGDEUPVkGHPH
YXNXEXOPXGXU
7UNOHUQJO]OHUGHQED]oDGUODUYHGHYHOHU]DEWHWGNOHUQGGDHG\RUODUXKkO
GH)UDW1HKUYDVWDV\OD.XUQDOHPQkNDOHVQWHPQHGHQ1DVU\HOHUkEWDVEXOXQDQ
QJO] NROXQXQ PHUNH]OH RODQ PQkNDOkWQ NDW HGOPHP ROGXX EHGvKvGU9H EX NWD
DVNHU\\HHKUPDKVXUDGRUXKHUKkOGHDUNFKHWQGHQOHUOH\HQNXYk\PXkYQHGHQGDKD
D]PNOkWDGokURODUDNKDUHNHWHGHEOHFHNGU
7DP.W
O$PkUH
\HG|QHQGUVHNGHEDOD\DQDWW
O+k\.DQDO'FOH
QQNOR
PHWUHVRQUD)UDW
DG|NOHQVXODUQDOPDNGDGU*|UOGYHFKOH.W
O$PkUHFYDUQGD
YXNX EXODQ PXKDUHEH KHU JQ WHYVv GDUH HWPHNGHGU %X VXUHWOH7UNOHU E
OPHFEXU\H
FHEKHKDUEOHUQWHYVvHGHUHNWHIHYYXNDGHGOHUQJkEHWPHNGHGUOHU

+5079B

90

.W
O$PkUH
GHPXKDVDUDDOWQDDOQDQQJLOL]*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
7KH,OOXVWUDWHG/RQGRQ1HZV1R9RO&;/9,,,$SULO

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

33

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
<08+$6$5$('(17h5.$6.(5/(51(
.$5,1*/=23(5$6<21/$5,1,1%$$5,6,=.$/',,

+DYDODUQQRUPDOOHWLL'LFOH
\LWDNLSHGHUHNLOHUOH\HQQJLOL]\DUGPNXYYHWOHUL
QLQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQELUOLNOHULQH\DNODS.W
O$PUH
QLQPLOX]DQGD
EXOXQGXX7UNOHULHYLUPHKDUHNHWLQLQEDDUV]ROGXXH\KVDmG
WDRNXV
WDFD\DSODQ7UNVLSHUOHULQLQVRQGHUHFHNXOODQOROGXXDUD]LQLQVDYXQPDGDNL
JOHUHRNID]ODDYDQWDMVDODGVDYDQLPGLOLNNDUONOWRSDWODU\ODVQUO
NDOGYH$UDSNDUDUJKQDVDOGUDQQJLOL]VYDULOHULQLQRNVD\GDKD\YDQJD
QLPHWRODUDNDOGQDGDLUELOJLOHULLHUHQQJLOL]VDYDPXKDELUL0LVWHU(GPXQG
&DQGOHU
LQ%DVUD
GDQJQGHUGLLPHNWXEXQ0RUQLQJ3RVWJD]HWHVLQLQXEDW
WDULKOLQVKDVQGD\D\QODQG

XEDW

>V@
QJOWHUH0DWEkWXEDWWDUKO0RUQQJ3RVWJD]HWHVQGHQ
0RUQQJ3RVWJD]HWHVQQKDUEPXKDEURODQYHQJO]NXYk\DVNHU\HV\OHEHUDEHU
,UDN
GDEXOXQDQ0VWHU(GPXQG&DQGOHU%DVUD
GDQ/RQGUD
\DkWvGHNPHNWXEXJ|QGHUPGU
<DPXUODUGXUGXYH'FOH1HKUGHVHY\HWkE\\HVQHGG6RXNYH\kEVEUVX
UHWOHYH]kQRODQU]JDUODUODoDPXUODUQFPkGHWG6RXNJHFHOHUWDKDPPOIHUVkEUKDOGH
GU'FOH
\WDNEHQOHUOH\HQNXYk\DVNHU\HP]QKDOPDU]NDOGNODUGGHWEXUGHWH
UDPHQ k\kQPHPQXQ\HWEUGHUHFHGHGU%XNXYk\DVNHU\\H*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q
NXYk\DVNHU\HVQH\DNODPYH.W
O$PkUH
GHQPOEUPHVDIHGH\D\OPGU*DUE
FHEKHVQGHDVNHUQKDOD]oRNWGkOSH\GkH\OHPGU
7UNOHUH\KVDG
GDVRONROODUQGDNVSHUOHUQEU]kY\HNkPHQVEHWQGHJHUDO
GNODUQGDQoHYUPHKDUHNHWP]DNvPEUDNPODUYHNXYk\DVNHU\\HP]FHEKHGHQKFX
PDPHFEXUEUDNPODUGU
.kQQ6kQv
QQ
QGH7UNOHU6YH\FH EDWDNOVWNkPHWQGHQFHEKHP]HGRUX
EUKFXPFUDHWPYHEXVXUHWOHVROFHQDKODUQWDNY\H\HPXYDIIDNROPXODUGU
>V@
H\KVDG
GDN7UN VSHUOHU FGGHQ SHN PDKDUHWOH \DSOP YH PXQWD]DP EU KDOGH
GUOHU%XVSHUOHUGDUYHIDNDWGHUQROXSoQGHNDVNHUOHUKDUFGHQJ|UOPHNV]QVUDWOH
YHNROD\ONODID\YD]IHH\OHUOHU%XVSHUOHUGHQEUNVPEDER]XNDVNHUOHUOHVYDUOHU
WDUDIQGDQJDOROXQGXXJEGHUNVPODUGDJHUGHEXOXQDQKW\kWWDEXUODUVSHUOHUQH
PHUEWGXU
* Metinde Sveyki eklinde gemektedir.

93

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7UNOHUQEXPNHPPHORODQYHVkWPGDIDDVQGDQPkDGkDKYkOWkE\\HVWED
U\ODEXPHYDNPGkIOHUHoE\NWHVKvOkWPXKkFPOHUHVHE
ODNVRQVEHWGHPNOkW
J|VWHUPHNGHGUNEXQODUGDQEU(YYHOHQ'DKOGHVX\XQINGkQ6kQv\HQHO+DQQDEDWDN
OJE'FOH1HKU
QQKHUNVDKOQGHQEUYHED]NHUHNPONDGDUPWGkGHGHQJD\U
NkEOPUUEDWDNONODUQPHYFXGROPDV6kOVHQ*HUHNoHYUPHWDU]\ODROVXQYHJHUHN
FHEKHGHQ ROVXQ YkN RODFDN KFXPODUGD PXKkFPOHU PXKDID]D HGHFHN QH EU DDo YH QH
GHEUWDSDUoDVJEDYkU]WkE\\HQQPHYFXGROPD\DUDNDUD]QQWDPDP\ODPQKDWW
ROPDVGU
WHDVNHUP]7UNOHUQ$OPDQQH]kUHWDOWQGDWHUWEH\OHGNOHUYHVkWWHGkI\\H
PkKUkQH\H Q]PkP HGHQ PNOkW WkE\\H DU]\\H\H UDPHQ FDQVSHUkQH YH NDKUD
PDQkQHEUVXUHWOHKDUEH\OHPHNGHGUOHU
$VNHUOHUP]GPDQQ\DPXUJE\DDQNXUXQODUDOWQGDOHUOHPHNPHFEXU\HWQGH
EXOXQX\RUODU$UD]QQPQKDWWROPDVGPDQDE\NE\NKGPHWOHUJ|UPHNGHGU'
PDQPHYkNQGHONJ|]HoDUSDQGPDQDVNHUQQ
>V@
SDUODNVQJOHUGU
%UGHQEUH \DSODFDN VHU EU KFXP KDUHNHW \HUQH DVNHUOHUP] DUD]QQ PQKDWW
ROPDVQGDQQkGDKD\DUGDONEUPHVDIHGHQ\DPXUJE\DDQGPDQNXUXQODU
QD PDU] NDOPDN VXUHW\OH OHUOHPOHU YH VSHU PHYFXG ROPDPDVQGDQ GROD\ NHQGOHUQ
DWHGHQPXKDID]DHGHPHPOHUGU%XNOPQDKYkOKDYD\\HVVHQHVQGH)UDQVD
GD
J|UOHQDKYkOKDYD\\HGHQNDWHQGHUNDWIHQDGU
%UoRNPVkGHPHOHUGHQJO]OHUOH+QGXODUGDQPUHNNHERODQNXYk\DVNHU\\HP]
IHQDKkOGHVDoOPDODUQDUDPHQNHPkOHFkDWOHKDUEGHGHYDPDPXYDIIDNROPXODUGUX
VRQ]DPDQODUGDKW\kUROXQDQWHYDNNXDUGDQQkEXUDGDNDKYkOKDUE\\H)UDQVD
GDNQH
PkEKEUKkOHJHOPGUYHKDUHNkWKDUE\\HPGONWRSPVDGHPHVQHPQKDVUNDO
PGU
'QEU$UDENDUDUJkKQDKFXPHGHQVYDUOHUP]EUoRNNR\XQYHKD\YDQkWHKO\
\HWQkPH\OHPOHUGU

+5079B

94

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%R]JXQDXUD\DUDNNDoDQQJO]OHUWDNSHGHQEUPIUH]H
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

95

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

34

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(5108+$6$5$$/7,1'$.$6.(5/(51(
<$5',07((%%h6/(5

WDULKLQGHGPDQQ,UDN
WD)HODKL\HPHY]LVLQLQVROWDUDIQDNDU
PDNLVWHGLLELUWDEXUDVNHULQLQSL\DGHDWHL\OHSVNUWOGQHGDLU,UDN
WDNL
$OWQF2UGX.DUDUJK
QGDQ\DSODQDNODPD

XEDW

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD
+XOkVDVWKEkUkW
YH>@

>@
,UDN$OWQF2UGX>@
GHGPDQ)HODK\HPHY]P]QVROFHQD
KQD6XYH\FH+RUX
GDQRQNND\NODEUWDEXUNDGDUDVNHUoNDUPDDWHHEEVHWGS\DGH
DWHP]OHGHIHGOG'PDQEXJQ)HODK\HKDWWQQJHUOHUQHDVNHUJHoUHEOPHNoQVD
VDKOGHN|SUFPDO]HPHVWHGDUN\OHYHWDKNvPkWODPHJXOROGX
>@

+5079

97

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

35

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(51$5$3$5(76h9$5/(51'(1
.25.8/$5,

7UNOHUOH ELUOLNWH KDUHNHW HGHQ $UDS VYDULOHULQLQ DWOJDQ ]RUOX FHVXU YH ELU
RNDGDUGDJYHQVL]YH\DPDFROGXNODUQDGDLUQJLOL]VDYDPXKDELUL0LVWHU
&RQGOHU
LQNDQDDWOHULQLSD\ODW7LPHVJD]HWHVLQLQXEDWWDULKOLQV
KDVQGDNDQ\D]V

XEDW

>V@
QJO]0DWEkW7PHVJD]HWHVQQXEDWWDUKOQVKDVQGDQ

<DPDJHU$UDEVYDUOHU
<DODQFGRVWIDNDWPGKEUGPDQ
,UDN NXYk\ VHIHU\\HV\OH EHUDEHU EXOXQDQ QJO] PDWEDW PXKDEU 0VWHU
&RQGOHUDVNHUOHUP]HNDUKDUEHGHQ$UDEVYDUOHUQQHWYkUYHKDUHNHWQGHQYHE]OHUH
NDU QH PXF] EU GPDQ ROGXNODUQGDQ EkKV ROPDN ]HUH JD]HWHP]H J|QGHUG
PHNWXEXEHUYHFKkWvQHUHG\RUX]
FDEHGHUVHEH\JUOHUQoDWODWUFDVQDNRGXUDQ$UDEVYDUOHUQQEUVUDWEHUN\\H
OHKDUHNHWOHUk\kQKD\UHWROXSE]OHUHPG\HNDGDUHPVDOQkPHVENDFWHFUEHJ|V
WHUG
7UNPHYkNQH\DNODDQNHINROODUP]HNVHU\DV\DKEUWDNPJ|OJHOHUJ|UUOHU
%XJ|OJHOHU$UDEVYDUOHUROXSOHPKDEDVDUGDEU\HOSk]HNROXJEXIXN]HUQGHDoOS
KHPHQPXKkFPvQQHWUDIQEUVUDWKkUNXOkGHOHoHYUUOHU%XQODUQoHYUPHKDUHNHWOH
UQHDNOHUGUPHNEUD]PNOGU
%XQODUQ|QQHEUPHUPGVHKHPHQFPOHVEUDQGDJ|]GHQQKkQROXUYHWDUDVVX
GkWDPH\GDQNDOPD\DFDNNVDEUPGGHWVRQUDGHUEUFHEKHGHQPk\kQROXUODU6HUDEQ
KDUHNkWFHEKH\HRODQWHVUkWSHNE\NGU'PDQQEDvGEUPHVDIHGH
>V@
EXOXQDQNXYk\DVNHU\HVQQS\DGHYH\DVYDUROXSROPDGQJ|USDQODPDNSHN
PNOYHEXQODUQDGHGQWDKPQKHPHQJD\UPPNQGUdDPXUODQDROXQPXNXOHOHU
YHNDGHPUWIkQGDNDOHGXYDUODUJEXIXNGDGRODDQHHNOHUYH\DGHYHOHUDGHWDIO
FHVkPHWQGHFHVvP
OFVVHEUHUHNOUkHH\OHUOHU

99

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%UNR\XQVUVQEUS\DGHDOD\QDEHQ]HWPHNVNVNYkNRODQJD\UNkEOoWQDE
KDWDODUGDQ YH JDODW QD]DUODUGDQGU 8IXNGD GRODDQ GHYHOHUQ EDFDNODU WRSUDD J|POP
JD\HWFHVvPEUSHUJkUQNROODUQDPkEKEUPDQ]DUDDU]HGHU
dDPXU \QODU PVWHVQD ROGXX KkOGH DUD] DYkU] WkE\\HGHQ kUv ROXS EU PDVD
JEPVWHYGU%XoDPXU\QODUVHUDEOHDGHWDEUHKUQGXYDUODUPJEQVDQDOGDWU
3HNWHKONHOEUHUKHGHIRODQNXP\QODUQGDQVWIDGHPPNQRODPD]WHEXQXQ
oQGUNPXKkFPGDPDGPDQDWHQHPDU]EUKDOGHGU7UNOHUH\DUGPHGHQEXED
ER]XN$UDEVYDUOHUQHNDUGXUDEOPHNoQVYDUOHUP]HRODQKW\DFP]SHNE\NGU
%X$UDEODUXIDNEUIUVDWGDQYH\DHQHKHPP\HWV]EUNDUNONGDQE
OVWIDGH\OG
UPJEKHUFHEKHGHQ]HUOHUP]HGHUOHUYHHVWHUOHUP]EUoDNDOJEWDNEHGHUOHUWH
V]HEUPVDO
>V@
&\ERUJ1DNO\H$OD\
QDPHQVXEEUQDNO\HDUDEDVQQEH\JUOHUDUDEDGDQV|NOP
YHJH]GUOPHN]HUHPIUH]HNDUDUJkKQGDQX]DNODPG%XPHYNGHQDQFDNEUNDo\]
\DUGDX]DNODDQPIUH]HDVNHU\OHDYGHWOHUQGHDUDED\\HUQGHEXODPDPODUGU
$UDEODU\DPDJHUONGHFGGHQNHVEKWVDVH\OHPOHUGU%XQODUFDDGDP|OGUPHN
HGHFHNOHU \DPDQQ EU PXNDGGPHV JE WHODNN ROXQXU VDGH YH WDE EU KkOGU %XQODU
DYODUQ|OGUGNGHQVRQUDVR\DUODU
$UDEODUKHUVDKQHKDUE]HUQGHNDUDNXNPHVJEJQOHUFHEUNSGXUXUODUYHKDW
WDPH]DUODUEOHDoDUDNPHYWkODUVRQSDUoDPHOEVkWQDYDUQFD\DNDGDUVR\DUODU
%X$UDEODUGDQHVUHGOSGHPHFUKvQHVXJGDYHUOPHNYHKDNODUQGDKVQPXD
PHOHHGOPHNOk]PJHOGKDNNQGDNWHPHQQOHUGHQOHUEXKDEVOHUQDGHWDPOHOP
WHPHGGQH DUDVQGD E\P ROGXNODUQD KNPHWPHN ]DUXUHWQ KVVHGHUOHU %X FDQDYDUODU
KHUWHVDGIH\OHGNOHUPHFUKXPHHUN\DQODUQGDEUH\KYH\DEU7UN]kEWEXOXQVXQ
EOkPHUKDPHWNDWOH\OHPHNW\kGQGDGUODU
7UNOHUOHEHUDEHUE]OHUHNDUKDUEHGHQEX$UDEODUDWPDGPPNQGHOGU(OOHUQH
EUIUVDWGQFHHQ\GRVWODUQEOHVR\DUYHKDWWDNDWOEOHHGHUOHU
>V@
WH EXQXQ oQGU N 7UNOHU $UDEODUD NDW\\HQ HPQ\HW HGHPHPHNGHGUOHU .
W
O$PkUHPVkGHPHVQGHHOP]HHVUGHQ6H\IXOODKEUJQEDQD|\OHGHPG
%U WWIDN OH VRNDN VSUQWFOHUQGHQ EDND EU H\H EHQ]HPH\HQ X7UNOHU EU
WHP]OHVHNQH\ROXUGX$UDP]GDNKWODIkWVRQUDKDOOHGHEOUGN
$UDEODUQQHGHUHFH\DPDJHUYHKUV]ROGXNODUQDXPVDONkIGU
$OHkUEv
GHN|\OOHUP\kQQGDDOvOYHQkWYkQJ|UOHQEUNDoKW\DUOHEUoR

100

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

FXDUFDODU]HUQHVXYHJGDYHUOPG%XQODUQJO]DVNHUOHUQQN|\GHQEUD]X]DN
ODPDODUQGDQE
OVWIDGHPIUH]H\WDNEHQJGHQNHUHVWH\NOFHVvPEUDUDED\HVQD\
UkKGDNHUHVWHOHUEUHUEUHUoDOPDNVXUHW\OH\DPD\DWDVDGGvHWPOHUGU
$UDEODUQ J|]OHU \OG EU H\ YDU VH R GD VYDUOHUP]GU +DOEXN VYDUOHUP]
PG\HNDGDUNDW\\HQEXQODUQDUDODUQDEUWUOJUPHHPXYDIIDNRODPDPGU=UkKo
EU]DPDQQJO]VYDUV$UDEODUQ\DNDOD\DPDPYH\DNDOD\DPD\DFDNGU%XQODUE]P
VYDUOHUJE\\HFHNYHoHFHNOHUQEDWWDQ\HYHVDUOHYk]PEUONGHWDPDGNODUQGDQYH
\DQODUQGD\DOQ]EUD]KXUPDOHEH\JUQQDUSDVQGDQEDNDEUH\
>V@
EXOXQPDGQGDQU]JkUVUDW\OHNDoSJWPHNGHGUOHU
$UDEODU\DQODUQGDEUPDY]HUYH\DPDUWQYH\D+DQU\WIHQJ\OHEUNOoYH\DNDPD
YH 0QWHIN$UDEODUQGD ROGXX JE PGK EU kOHW FkUKD RODQ XFX JHQ EUHU P]UDN
WDUODU %X VYDUOHU GDPD DWODU ]HUQGHQ DWH HGHUOHU YH EX KXVXVGD JD\HW PkKUGUOHU
%XQODUEDVGUPDNPPNQRODPD]
$UDEODUGDPDXIDNNXYYHWOHU]HUQHGHUOHUYHON\DSGNODUH\VYDUOHUQHYYHOk
EH\JUOHUQ|OGUHUHNEXQODUEUS\DGHEDVNQQDNDGDUVHYNHWPHNGU%XGPDQDUND\D
DOPDNNDGDUWHKONHOEUH\RODPD]=UDEXQODUGDPDEDVNQODUYHUU
+HUKkOGH$UDEODU7UNOHUJEHUFHVQHKDUEHWPH]OHU

+5079B

101

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

36

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

08+$6$5$$/7,1'$.72:16+(1'9(1*/=
$6.(5/(51('$5

2QEHD\GUGHYDPHGHQVDYDQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGNRPXWDVQGDNLQJLOL]DV
NHUOHULQHER\XQHGLUHPHGLLLOHULQ\ROXQGDJLWWLLKDWWDJHQHUDOLQWRKXPHN
PHNOHPHJXOROGXXQDGDLU7LPHVJD]HWHVLQLQXEDWWDULKOLQVKD
VQGDNDQ\D]

XEDW

QJO]0DWEkW7PHVJD]HWHVQQXEDWVHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDPQGHUF,UDNFHEKHVQGHNPXKDEUQQYHUGPDOXPkWGDQPXNWHVHEGU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGYHJD\UNkEO>WHVKvU@
*HQHUDO.W
O$PkUH
GHWRKXP]HUOHYDNWJHoUPHNGHGU
0kKFkUvJHFHOHUHKHPP\HWV]NDUDNROPVkGHPHOHUYHJQG]OHUGHWRSoXDWH
OHU\OH JHoUOPGU 6SHUOHUP] DOW \] \DUGD NDGDU OHU\H VUHEOGN %HUUkN YH VkNQ
JQOHUGH.W
O$PkUH
GHDWODQWRSVHVOHUQWPHNGH\]
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
GHQPHVHUUHWEDKKDEHUOHUDOQPDNGDGU*HQHUDOVHE]HWRKXPODU
]HUH\OHPHNGHGU9DNWQKRJHoUHEOPHNoQJUDPDIRQQHOHUWDOHEH\OHPGU
>V@
*HQHUDOQWDOHEH\OHGEXJEXIDNWHIHNH\OHUWD\\DUHOHUOHPPkOH\KQNDUDUJkK
QDDWOPDNGDGU*HQHUDOGHQDOQDQEUUDSRUGDGDKDX]XQEUPGGHWNID\HWHGHFHNPNGDU
GDPHNOkWYH]HKkUH\HPkONEXOXQGXXEH\kQROXQPDNGDGU
2QEHD\GHYDPHGHQEUKDUE*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGIUNDVQQJD\UNkEOWHVKvURO
GXXQXPH\GDQDoNDUPGU%XKDNNDWHYkNIRODQ7UNOHUNHQGOHUQHSDKDO\DPDORODFDN
RODQNDWvKFXPODUFUDVQGDQWHYDNNvH\OHPHNGHGUOHU
*HQHUDOQXPUDVNHU\\HGHNO\DNDWYHPDKDUHWQHYkNIYHNHQGVQHNDUWPDG
WkPPH\ KD] RODQ DVNHUQ NXYYH PDQHY\\HV SHN \HUQGHGU<DPXUODU DoN KDYDODU
VFDNJQOHUYHVHUQJHFHOHUWDNEH\OHPHNGHGUdDPXUODUNXUXPXYHUDQKXGXGXQGDEX
OXQDQ3HWNKWHSHOHUQGHNNDUODUHUPH\HEDODPGU
'FOH1HKU
QQ>VHY\HV@GPVHGHNDUODUHUPHV\OHNkUEHQWX\kQHGHFHNYH
EQkHQDOH\K EX WX\kQ DOWQGD EU NDUDUJkK EXOPDN JHUHN7UNOHU YH JHUHN QJO]OHU oQ
KHPHQPPNQRODPD\DFDNGU
$VNHUQDKYkOPDQHY\\HVSHN\ROXQGDGU(U]XUXP
XQVXNWXKDEHUEXUDGDSHN]
\DGHPHVHUUHWOHNDEXOROXQPXYHEXKDEHUHUHIQHROPDN]HUHKHUEUWRSWDUDIQGDQ7UN
WHSHOHUQHVHOkPJOOHOHUJ|QGHUOPGU

+5079B

103

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

37

%(2B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

9,25'8.2087$1/,,1$7$<12/81$1$/0$1
*2/7=3$$
1,13$'$+7$5$),1'$1.$%8/h

$OWQF2UGX.XPDQGDQO
QDWD\LQROXQDQ0LU*ROW]3DD
QQ$OPDQ\DPSDUD
WRUX
QXQWHPVLOFLVLVIDW\ODSDGLDKWDUDIQGDQNDEXO

XEDW

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
0XDPHOkW=kW\\H0GU\HW
8PU(FQHE\\HXEHV


0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGUN
$KvUHQWDUDIHUHIKD]UHW3DGDKvGHQ$OWQF2UGX\+Pk\Q.XPDQGDQO
QD
WD\QEX\XUXOPXRODQ0U*ROW]3DDKD]UHWOHUQQ$OPDQ\DPSDUDWRUXKD]UHWOHUQQPX
UDKKDVVIDW\ODQH]GDKDQH\HNDEXOEX\XUXOPDODUKDNNQGDHUHIVkGURODQUkGHVH
Q\\HKD]UHW3DGDKv\PEHOO0kEH\Q+Pk\Q%DNWkEHW&HOvOHV
QGHQ\D]ODQ
WH]NUHVXUHWQQPDNDPDF]v\HUVkOQHPVDDGHEX\XUXOPDVPVWHUKDPGU2OEkEGDHPU
XIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v5HEvOkKUVHQH>@YHIvXEDWVHQH>@
+DUE\H1k]UQDPQD
>P]D@

%(2B

105

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

38

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.1*/=25'8681'$<$$1$1
7,%%6,.,17,/$5

,UDN
WDEXOXQDQQJLOL]2UGXVX
QGDFLGGLRODUDNWEELPDO]HPHYHGRNWRUHNVLNOLL
ROGXX$FHP.UIH]L
QGHQ%RPED\
D\DUDOWD\DQJHPLOHULQVDONGRQDQPODU
QQ\HWHUVL]QHKLUOHUGHDODQYDSXUODUQKQFDKQ\DUDOODULOHGROXEXOXQGXX
YHLGDUHFLOHULQEXWHGELUVL]YHLGDUHVL]OLLQGHQND\QDNODQDQGXUXPGDQNDPXR\X
QXQ\HWHULQFHELOJLOHQGLULOPHGLLQHGDLU7LPHVJD]HWHVLQLQ0DUWWDULKOL
QVKDVQGDNDQEDPDNDOH

1LVDQ

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
.VP
7DUKWHVYvG>@
0DUW>@WDUKO7PHVJD]HWHVQQEDPDNDOHV

,UDN
GDGDUHV]ON
,UDN
GDFHUH\kQHWPHNGHRODQKDUHNkWKDUE\\HGDUHVQQ+QGVWDQ+NPHW
QGHQ
QJOWHUH+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QHGHYUHGOPHVKoEKHV]GUNEUoRNPWkODkWVHYNX
OFH\
\\HGHQPWHYHOOGEUNDUDUFDEkWGUPDDKk]kEXNDUDUQWWKk]ROXQXXHO\HYP'HO
K
GHQGDUHHGOPHNGHRODQWHQVvNkWYHGDUHKXVXVODUQWHEGOYHWDKYvOHWPHPHNGHGU'FOH
YH)UDWQHKUOHUQGHFUD\KDUHNkWHWPHNGHRODQNXYYHWOHUGHQSHNoRNDFDF LNk\HWOHU
JHOPHNGHYHEXQODUQD]DUGNNDWFkOEEUPDK\HWGHEXOXQPDNGDGU%QkHQDOH\KKW\D
FkWQWDWPQHGOPHVKXVXVX+QG]PkPGkUkQXPUXQXQXKGHVQHPHYGGXU0HKkIO
PWHDGGGHGHQ HOGH HWP ROGXXPX] PDOXPkWD QD]DUDQ WHUWEkW VKK\HQQ SHN EHUEDG
ROGXXJ|]NPHNGHGU6|\OHQOGQHJ|UHVDKUDKDVWDKkQHOHUSHND]SHNIHQDEUVXUHWGH
WHUWEYHWHFK]HGOPYHEXQODUQHUNkQGDSHNEHUEDGYHQkNkIEUWDU]GDWHNONOQ
PGU/HYk]PVKK\HED]]DPDQODUGDKoEXOXQPX\RUYHGRNWRUODUQD]OYDKPEU
PHVHOHWHNOHG\RU9DKPVXUHWGH\DUDODQP]kEWkQOHHIUkGQPGkYkWHYYHO\\HPHY
NOHUQGHJ|UGNOHUEWGkvWHGkEvUGHQEDNDFGGvEUVXUHWGHWHGDYROXQPD\DUDNJQOHUFH
DOkKkOKvEUDNOPROGXNODUQDGDUYHVkNYHPDOXPkWOk]PHHOGHPHYFXGGXU1HKUGH
oDODQYDSXUODUJHUWHOHU\DUDOHIUkGOHKQFDKQoGROXROGXXKkOGHQHKUDD\DJGHU
NHQEX]DYDOOODUNJHFHOHUQQGGHWOVRXNYHD\D]QGDQPXKDID]DHGHFHNEUWHQWHYH
|UWEOHEXOXQPX\RU$FHP.|UIH]
QGHQ%RPED\
D\DUDOODUWD\DQE\NYDSXUODUGDK
JHUHNKDVWDEDNFODUYHJHUHNVHWHUWEkWVDUHFKHW\OHQkNkIEUGHUHFHGHEXOXQPDNGD
GU*D]HWHPXKDEUOHUQGHQEUQQIDGHVQHQD]DUDQEXYDSXUODUQJHUWHOHUQGH%RPED\
D

107

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

JHOHQ\DUDOODUFGGHQDFQDFDNEUKDOGHGUOHU'HUEUPXKDEUQIDGHVQHQD]DUDQGDEDU
GDNGDQERDQUFDVQD\DDQ\DPXUVXDOWQGDNDODQVSHUYHoDGUODUEUoRN\DUDODUQNDQJ
UHQEUKkOHJHOPHVQHVHEHE\HWYHUPHNGHGU%UNDoKDIWDGDQEHUPWHYkO\\HQYkUGRODQ
LNk\HWOHULQEDOFDVGRNWRUODUOHKDVWDEDNFODUQQD]OOHYk]PVKK\\HOHHVEkE
VWUkKDWQPHYFXGROPD\YHGDUHV]ON\]QGHQEUoRNFDQODUQEH\KGH\HUHPDKYYH
KHEkROPDVFKHWOHUQGHWHPHUN]HWPHNGHGU
%]H NDGDU YDVO RODQ YHNk\ EXUDGD EHUWDIVO EOGUPHNGHQ FWQkE HWGP] JE
PHVXO\HWQ NPH UDF RODFDQ GD WHVEW HWPHNGHQ KD]HU HG\RUX] +QGVWDQ
GD EXOXQDQ
2UGX 6KK\H GDUHV
QQ )UDQVD 0VU *HOEROX DUNv$IUND
GDQ YXNX EXODQ WDOHEOHU OH
KD\OGHQKD\O\H]DDIDXUDPDVSKHV]GU)DNDWEXGDUHNHQE\NQRNVDQOQGDPD
YDNW KD]DUv\H J|UH WHUWEkWGD EXOXQXX YH KW\DFkW KDUE\\H\ Ko GQPH\GU ,UDN
GkUX
OKDUHNkWQQVDIDKkWDKvUHVQGHEUoRNQRNWDODUGDIHQDEUVXUHWGHGHYDPROXQGXX
QD NRUNDUDN NkQ EXOXQPDNGD\] 7DKOvV NROODUQQ .W
O$PkUH
\H GRUX EU PH\HW
DVNHU\\H\DSDUFDVQD\U\HFHINUEWGkODUKNPIHUPkROPDNGDG*HoHQVHQHQQ
PXYDIIDN\HWVHUvDOHQHWFHOHQHQKDUHNkWQEXVHQHQQIHQDKHVDEYHKVV\kWOD\DSODQ
KDUHNkWQXKVHWNkUkQHVWDNEH\OHG%XPH\HWDVNHU\\HGHSHND]]k\kWDXUD\DFD
P]]DQQROXQGXXoQGHUHOHUJEDNSJHOHQ\DUDOODUDNDUWHGkEvUYHPXkYHQHWOk]
PHEWWDE\DSODPDG$oNYHG]RYDODUGDEXOXQDQ7UNPHYkNPVWDKNHPHVQHNDU
O]XPXGHUHFHVQGHWRSoXVWK]kUkWQGDEXOXQXOPDNV]QJHoHQ.kQQ6kQv
GHKFXP
HGOGYHEXQXQQHWFHVRODUDNGDKHUNHVQEOGDKYkOYDKPH]XKXUDJHOG%XJQVH
EUNXYYHD]vPHQQKW\DFkWQWDWPQHGHEOHFHNEUPHYNYHYD]\HWGHEXOXQPX\RUX]
*HOEROXGkUX
OKDUHNkWQGDFUDHGOPRODQWHGkEvUEDVvUHWNkUkQHYHOk\XDGGYHOk\XK
VkWHUWEkWGDQKoEU'FOHGkUX
OKDUHNkWQGDJ|]NPHPHNGHGU.H]kONERPEDODUOHHO
KXPEDUDODUQQWHVUkWPDKVXVDvNkHGHEOHFHNEUNDEO\HWGHEXOXQPDGQDYHKHOH+Q
GVWDQ
GDPDOHGOHQPKPPkWKDUE\\HQQKDYkVVKDUE\\HFHH\DUDPDGQDGDUGH
PWHDGGGND\HWQkPHOHUDOPDNGD\].DQDDWYHKVV\kWP]XPHUWHEHGHGUN,UDNNXY
YHVHIHU\\HVQQGokUROGXXGDUHV]ONKDNNQGDHINkU8PXPv\\H\HSHND]PDOXPkW
YHUOPHNGHGU
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
QH
.RQXGXXPX]YHFKOH\DUQNJD]HWHOHUQEUVQGHEXQDPQDVEEU]H\OOHQHUQ
UFDHGHUP
%]PJD]HWHOHUOHQHUROXQDFDN
+XOkVDV$OWQF2UGX
\DWHOJUDDEOGUOHFHN
+XOkVDVJD]HWH\HYHUOPGU)v0DUWVHQH>@

+5079B

108

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXUQJO]RUGXVXQD\\HFHNYHWEEv
PDO]HPHXODWUPD\DoDODQXoDNODUGDQEU
0XKDUHEH8PXP\H5HVPOHU'HIWHUV

109

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

39

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.&(3+(61'(<$5$/$1$11*/=
$6.(5/(511.g7h'85808

,UDN
WD\DUDODQDQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQLQLOHUDFVGXUXPXQGDQYH\HWNLOLOHULQEHFH
ULNVL]OLLYHNWLGDUHVLQGHQEDKVHGHQ7LPHVJD]HWHVLQLQ0DUWWDULKOL
QVKDVQGDNDQ\D]

1LVDQ

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
0HOIIYDUDNDPQGHUFkWPDWEkWGDKO\\HGHHYYHOFHQHUROXQPDPVHXPXP
JD]HWHOHUOHQHUUFDROXQXU
)v&HPk]\HOkKUVHQH>@)v0DUWVHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPvVWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH

>@WDUKO7PHVJD]HWHVQGHQ
,UDN
GDVGDUH
0HFUKvQQk\kQWHUDKKXPDKYkO
,UDN
GDID\YD]IHHWPHNGHRODQEUQJO]]kEWDOHVQH\D]GEUPHNWXEGDKH\HW
VHIHU\\HGHNWHUWEkWVKK\HQQQHNDGDUIHQDROGXXQXVWUkW\\HOHEOGUPHNGHGU
$U\DUDOEH\]PHFUKX\DQGDQoDUKONoNEUJHPQQVUWJHUWHVQHNR\X
QX] GGHWO EU \DPXUXQ ERDQPDNGD ROGXXQX YH EX \DPXUD NDU JHPGHN QFH EU

111

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

WHQWHQQQHGHUHFHYD]IHWDKDIIX]vIDHGHFHQWDVDYYXUHGQ]%XHIUkGPHFUK\\HQQ
KH\HWPHFPDVQD\DOQ]EUGRNWRUYHUQ]%XGRNWRUDPXkYQOHUWD\QHWPH\Q](U
]kNQPHINGWHUWEkWVKK\HQQPDGPROGXXQXGQQ]YHEXHUkWDOWQGD]DYDOO
HIUkGPHFUKD\VHIvQHPH]NUHQQJD\UPDKI]JHUWHVLQGHRQLNLVDDWEUDNQ]%L
O
kKDUHEXPHFUKvQHVDDWONEUPHVDIH\NDUDGDQNDWHWPHNPHFEXU\HWNDUVQGDEXOXQ
GXUXQX]$UWNVDOI
]]NUHUkWVKK\HQQQWkFHGHFHQHWFHPHVVIH\WDNGUHGQ]
WHEXWDVYLUEXUDGDDKYkOLVKKL\HQLQHNOLKDNLNvVLGLU
%WWDEGokUPNOkWROPDPDNNDEOGHOGU)DNDW,UDN
GDEUVHQHONWHFkUEVH
IHU\\HQQPXKDVVDODVROPDN]HUHGDKD\HUkWVKK\HQQWHFHOOVQEHNOHPHNYHPG
HWPHNO]XPXSHNkNkUGU
)v0DUWVHQH>@

+5079B

112

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUH
\LPXKDVDUDHGHQ
DVNHUOHULQVLSHUGHDWHHKD]U
YD]L\HWWHoHNLOPLELUIRWRUDI

.DOHWDDUUX]XKD]UONWDOLPOHULQGHQ
.HLINROODUVDO]HULQGH

.W
O$PkUH
QLQGPHVLQGHQHYYHO$OWQF2UGX
.XPDQGDQ+DOLO3DDJ|]OHPPHYNLLQGH VDGD 
.W
O$PkUH
QLQERPEDUGPDQQJ|]O\RU

*L]OLNDLHU\DOQ]EDQDNHOHNOHUGH
VDKLOGHQVDKLOHJHoHUNHQ

%DGDW
DJLGHQELUDOD\Q'LFOH
GHDKWRUODUODQDNOL
.W
O$PkUH
QLQPXKDVDUDVJQOHULQGHQELUNDoPDQ]DUD
+DUE0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

113

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

40

'+)5B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.&(3+(6
1'(69/(65'(0

$PUH
QLQ QJLOL]OHULQ HOLQH JHPHVL\OH EXUDGDNL 2VPDQO PHPXU YH DLOHOHULQLQ
%DGDW
WDEXOXQDQQJLOL]DLOHOHUL\OHGHLWLULOPHVLLLQGLSORPDWLNJLULLPOHUHGDLU

1LVDQ

'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H
3RVWDYH7HOJUDIYH7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHF.W
1XPDUD
7DUK0D\VVHQH>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
$GHG

$PkUH
QQVXNWX\ODRUDGDNDODQYOk\HWPHPXUvQYHDOHOHUQQ%DGDG
GD$EGONkGU
3DDKkQHVQGHPVDIUEXOXQDQQJO]DOHOHU\OHPEkGHOHV0VWHU&R[WDUDIQGDQWHNOI
HGOG$PkUH
GHEXOXQDQYOk\HWPHNWXEFXVXOH$PkUHPXWDVDUUIQQkUkWQGDQDQODO
\RU0XYkINRODQEXPEkGHOHQQYHVkWGSORPDV\HOHWHPQEX\XUXOPDV
)vPQK
8PXP.XPDQGDQ
1XUHGGQ

'+)5B

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

8PXPv

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGU
)v7HPPX]>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHIDKvPkQHOHUFHYDEGU
$PkUH
GHN2VPDQOPHPXUvQ\OH%DGDW
WDDONRQXOPXRODQQJO]DOHOHUQQP

115

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

EkGHOHVQ FKHW DVNHU\H PGON PXYkIN J|UPHPHNGHGU 6U (GYDUG *UD\\


Q ]kKU
KkOHJ|UH+NPHW2VPDQ\H
QQEH\kQkWQDJHOQFH KXNXNGYHOYHEWQNDYkGYH
WHkPOXPXPvYHQVDQ\H\HPXKDOIRODUDNKHUWUOPGDIDDGDQPDKUXPDoNHKUOHU
ERPEDUGPDQ PDkEG YH PXNDGGHVkW GQ\H YH POO\H\H WDDUUX] YH WHFDY]OH EHUDEHU
PDVXPYHEvJQDKoRFXNODUNDWODPGDQKD]HUYHKD\kHWPH\HQYHKDWWDWDDUUX]YHWHFDY
]QPDVQ\HWEH\QH
OPOHOPWHNHIIORODQ+OkO$KPHUKDVWDKkQHOHU\OHPHFUKQDNOQH
PDKVXVJHPOHUHDQNDVGQGHIDkWOHDWHHWPHNGHQoHNQPH\HQQJOWHUH+NPHW
QQ'HY
OHW$O\\H\ 2VPDQ\H
\ WHkPO XPXPv DKNkPQD Uk\HWH GDYHW HWPHV KDGG ]kWQGD
E\NEUPDQWNV]ONWU%QkHQDOH\KQJOWHUH+NPHW\DOQ]WHkPOXPXPv\H\HGHO
EWQHVDVkWQVDQ\\HYHNDYkGPHY]DPHGHQ\H\HPXJk\URODQKDUHNkWYHFUDD
WQGDGHYDPYHWHPHUUGHWGWDNGUGHKNPHWoHDONRQXOPXYHIDNDWKHUWUOHVEkE
VWUDKDWOHUWHPvQHGOPRODQQJO]WHEDDVKDNNQGDPXNDEHOHE
OPVOQWDWENYHF
UDVPXNDUUHUROGXXQXQ$PHUND6HIkUHWYDVWDV\ODFHYDEHQWHEOEX\XUXOPDVQDU]YH
VWUKkPH\OHUP2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v7HPPX]>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
8PXPv
XEH
IUH

%DGDG9Ok\HW
QH
%D]QJO]VHUkV\ODPEkGHOHHGOHFHNRODQ$PkUHPHPXUvQQGHQ\UPEHNQQ
HVkPvVQHGDU0DUW
GDNHGHROXQDQWHOJUDIQkPHFHYDEQQVHUvDQQEkVWHNvGROXQXU
)v1VDQVHQH>@
1k]U
7DODW

'+)5

116

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

0XKDVDUDJQOHULQGH.W
O$PkUH
7KH6SKHUHXEDW

117

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

41

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

)(/$+<(9(.7h
/$05(&9$5,1,
*g67(5(1.52.

,UDN
WD)HODKL\HPHY]LLYH.W
O$PUHFLYDUQJVWHUHQNURNLQLQLVWH\HQJD]H
WHOHUHYHULOHFHLIDNDW.DUDUJK8PXP
GHQYHULOGLLQLQELOGLULOPH\HFHL

1LVDQ

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
QH
,UDN
GD)HODK\HPHY]P]YHFYDUQPUEUNWDNURNJD]HWHOHUHGHUFHGOPHN
]HUHOHIIHQJ|QGHUOPGU
)v1VDQVHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPv
VWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@
$U]XHGHQJD]HWHOHUHYHUOU)DNDW.DUDUJkK8PXPv
GHQYHUOPROGXXEOGUOPH
\HFHNWU
+5079B

119

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

42

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*2/7=3$$
1,19()$7,

2VPDQO'HYOHWL
QLQ9,2UGXNRPXWDQOQ\DSDQ0LU*ROW]3DD
QQYD]LIHVL
EDQGDLNHQYHIDWHWGLLQHGDLU%DNXPDQGDQON9HNOHWL
QGHQRUGX\D\D\QODQDQ
YHJD]HWHOHUGHQHUHGLOPHVLHPUHGLOHQWDPLP

1LVDQ

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
6XUHW

2UGX\+Pk\Q
D
2UGX\DKD]vQYHPHOOPEUKDEHUYHUPHNOHPWHHVVUP6HYJOYHPXKWHUHP0U
*ROW]3DDYD]IHVEDQGDGPDQNDUVQGDSHNoRNVHYGYDWDQYHRUGXPX]X]DIHUGHQ
]DIHUH vVkOHGHUNHQRQEUJQONEUKDVWDONGDQVRQUDUWKkOHWG0WWHINP]$OPDQ Or
GXVX\ODEHUDEHUEWQ2VPDQO2UGXVXKDUEGHYHVXOKGDYD]IHVQQkNYHVkGNRODQEX
E\NDVNHUQPkWHPKkQGU6D\\OHNWGDU\ODK]PHWYHVDGDNDW\OHRUGXQXQHQ\NVHN
PHUWHEHVQHVXGHGHQ*ROW]3DDD\Q]DPDQGDDVUQQE\NEUQVDQNkPOGYHN\
PHWOKD\DWQQHQNXYYHWOYH]QGHVHQHOHUQYDWDQNDGDUVHYGYDWDQP]DRUGXVXNDGDU
PHUEW ROGXX RUGXPX]D YDNI HWG *HQoOQGH RUGXPX] oQ EHVOH\S ]DPDQQ KHU INU
WHFHGGGKHUDU]\WHkOv\PDKNXPDNkPHWHGHQKNPNkKUDOWQGDYDVORODPDG
\NVHNNXYYHWYH]DIHUKHGHIQQGHPUPkQOHUQ0HUXW\HWNUQFD*ROW]E\NEUDN
OH RUGXPX]D WHYHFFK HWG9H YDWDQP]Q VWNODOQ RUGXPX]XQ kQ YH VDWYHWQ DGH YH
WHPQHGHQKDUEKk]UDoOQFDDUWNOHUOHPRODQVQQVkOQHEDNPD\DUDN$OWQF2UGX
PX]XQHPUYHNXPDQGDVQGHUXKGHHWG*ROW]3DD
QQVRQQHIHVQEXRUGXQXQEDQGD
YH2VPDQOVODKODUQQPVHOVHOPX]DIIHU\kWRUWDVQGDWHVOPHWPHVNHQGVoQGHE]OHU
oQGHEUWHVHOOGU9DWDQYHRUGX\2VPDQvEXJQXIOHGHQPUQPXYDIIDN\HWOHUOH
PWHQHYYFIDDO\HWQHHEHGvEUGH\QNUDQOHPHUEWNDODFDNGU
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
QH
0U*ROW]3DD
QQNH\I\HWYHIDWQDGDU%DNXPDQGDQ9HNkOHW
QGHQRUGX\D\D\
ODQWDPPVXUHW\DUQEWQJD]HWHOHUHWDKUvUHQE|\OHFHJHoHFHNYHKHUJD]HWHEXQGDQHYYHO
EX]kWQKDNNQGDPQDVEOVDQODUOD\D]ODU\D]DFDNGU
*D]HWHOHUHYHUOPGU)1VDQVHQH>@

+5079

121

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

43

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.&(3+(6+$%(5/(5111*/=/(5d1d
$d,&,2/0$',,

,UDN FHSKHVLQGHQ JHOHQ KDEHUOHULQ KL GH L DF ROPDG \DSODQ VDOGUODUQ
VRQXVX] NDOPDVQQ *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG
LQ SR]LV\RQXQX GDKD ID]OD ]RUD VRN
WXX %DEDNDQ 0LVWHU $VTXLWK
LQ WHUVLQL V\OHPHVLQH UDPHQ *HQHUDO /DNH
YH PXKDELU (GPXQG &DQGOHU
LQ UDSRUODUQQ EXQX WH\LW HWWLLQH GDLU 'DLO\ 0DLO
JD]HWHVLQLQ1LVDQWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQEDPDNDOH

1LVDQ

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH

1VDQVHQH>@WDUKO'DO\0DOJD]HWHVQQEDPDNDOHV
,UDN
GDQNDUDKDEHUOHU
+WWD,UDN\\HGHQYkUGRODQKDEHUOHUKoGHKD\UDGHOkOHWHGHEOHFHNEUPDK\HWGH
GHOGU7UNOHUQ6HQD\DW
GDNPHYNPVWDKNHPHOHUQHNDUYXNXEXODQWDDUUX]XPX]
DNkPHWHXUDPGU%XQX6U3HUF\/DNHGDUHVPHQKEDUHG\RU'PDQPHYk]QHNDU
NJQPWHPkGv\HQFUDHGOHQERPEDUGPDQKFXPXPXPvWDNEH\OHPGU)DNDW'F
le
QQREWSWNHQPH\HQWX\kQEXVHIHUGH7UNOHUH\kUROGX9HEXQXQQHWFHWkE\\HV
RODUDNGDKFXPDQFDNEUOYkOHSHNGDUEUFHEKHGHQ\DSOPDNPHFEXU\HWNDUVQGD
NDOG%UQJO]PXKWHOWWDEXUXJ|VWHUPROGXXKkUNXOkGHHFkDWYHFHVDUHWVD\HVQGH
GPDQQEUQFYHNQFVSHUKDWODUQ\DUPDDPXYDIIDNROGXYHKDWWDHIUkGGDQED]ODUQD
oQFVSHUKDWWQDNDGDUXODPDNP\HVVHUROGXVHGHEXUDODUQWXWDFDNNDGDUNXYYHWO
ROPDGNODUQGDQYHKW\kWWDEXUODUVHVXDOWQGDNDOPRODQDUD]GHQYHEDWDNONODUGDQEU
WUO OHUOH\S DUNDGDODUQ WDNY\H\H PNkQ EXODPDG 6RQ ]DPDQGD \DSODQ EX KDUHNkW
DVNHU\HQQEUPXYDIIDN\HWHNWUkQHGHPH\*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QPHYNQSHN]\D
GHV\OHPNOOHGUPGU%XNH\I\HW,UDNKH\HWVHIHU\\HVQHPWHDOONPDWEkWGDJ|
UOHQ EU VU HINkU EHGEvQkQH\H EU WkF HkPHW PDK\HWQGH J|UQPHNGHGU %DGDG
]HUQH\UPHQQHVEkEPFEHVQJHoHQ7HUvQ6kQv
GH]DKHGHQ0VWHU$VTXWK
QX
V|]OHUQKHUNHVGHUKkWUHGHU+DUEKk]UQGHYDPHWGEXPGGHW]DUIQGD,UDNVHIHU
NDGDUJ]HOGQOHUHNWHUWEHGOPEXGHUHFHSDUODNGDUHROXQPXQHWFHNDW\\H\
]DIHUOHEXPHUWHEHEkOkWHUEUKkOHVRNPXEUVHIHUQGDKDPHYFXGROGXXQX]DQQHWP
\RUXP)DNDWKH\HWVHIHU\\H\HPWHDOONRODUDNVDKkIPDWEkWGDJ|UQHQQHU\kWR
GHUHFHQkGUkWGDQGNKHUNHVQkGUPDGPJEGUGDUEPHVHOQV|\OH\SGXUX\RUGXYH
KDWWDNXYYHWDKOvV\\HOHEHUDEHUEXOXQDQPXKDEUPHKXU(GPXQG&DQGOHU
QJ|QGHUG
UDSRUYHPHNWXEODUROGHUHFHGHPXKWDVDUYHVDGHGNEXQDKHUNHVEUQD]DUWDDFFEOH
EDN\RUGXYHEXQGDQGROD\GNEXQPNOkWD]vPHOHPXKkWROGXXQXWDNGUYHG
UDNH\O\RUGX9H
OKkVO*HQHUDO/DNH
QUDSRUODUQRNX\DQODUGHUXKGHROXQDQQWHKONH
NDW\\HVQ DQOD\S EXQFD ]DPDQGDQ EHUGU .W
O$PkUH PHYN PDKVXUXQX EX GHUHFH
EUHFkDWYHPDKDUHWOHPGDIDDH\OH\HQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGKDNNQGDNWDNGUkWWH]\vGYH
RQXQKVV\kWWHHOOPNkUkQHVQHKHUKkOGHVDPP\HWNDOEOHWUDNHGHFHNOHUGU

+5079B

123

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

44

'87B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

+$//3$$
<$$/7,1/<$.$70$'$/<$6,

6DYDODUGDJVWHUGLLVWQEDDUODUQGDQGROD\$OWQF2UGX.XPDQGDQ9HNLOL
0LUOLY+DOLO3DDLOH+DUEL\H'DLUHVLPGUROXSVHIHUGHRUXK0IUH]HVL.R
PXWDQ%LQED+DOLG(IHQGL
\HPXKDUHEHDOWQOL\DNDWPDGDO\DVYHULOGLL

1LVDQ

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
0XDPHOkW=DW\\H0GU\HW

UDGHVHQ\\H
0XKDUHEkW YkNDGDN PWHYkOv KGHPkW KDVHQH YH IHGDNkUkQHOHUQGHQ GROD\
k\kQWDOWIRODQ$OWQF2UGX.XPDQGDQ9HNO0UOYk+DOO3DDOH'DUH+DUE\HP
GUROXSVHIHUGHdRUXK0IUH]HV.XPDQGDQO
QGDPVWDKGHP%QED+DOG(IHQG
\H
PXKDUHEHDOWQO\DNDWPDGDO\DVWkNOQPGU
EXUkGHVHQ\\HQQFUDVQD+DUE\HQk]UPHPXUGXU
)v&XPkGHOkKUHVHQH)v1VDQVHQH

0HKPHG5HDG
6DGUD]DP
0HKPHG6DG
>P]D@

+DUE\H1k]U9HNO
7DODW
>P]D@

'87B

125

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

45

'87B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

05/9$+$//3$$
1,19,25'8
.2087$1/,,1$7$<1

,UDN&HSKHVL.RPXWDQ0LUOLY+DOLO3DD
QQ9,2UGX.RPXWDQO
QDD\QRUGX
QXQ(UNQ+DUEL\H5HLVL0LUDOD\.D]P%H\
LQ2Q6HNL]LQFL.RORUGX.RPXWDQO

QDWD\LQOHUL

1LVDQ

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
0XDPHOkW=kW\H0GU\HW


UkGH6HQ\\H
,UDN NXPDQGDQ 0UOYk +DOO 3DD $OWQF 2UGX .XPDQGDQOQD YH PH]NU 2UGX
(UNkQ+DUE\H5HV0UDOD\.k]P%H\2Q6HN]QF.RORUGX.XPDQGDQO
QDWD\QN
OQPGU
EXUkGHVHQ\\HQQFUDVQDKDUE\HQk]UPHPXUGXU
)v&XPkGHOkKUHVHQHIv1VDQVHQH

0(+0('5($'
+DUE\H1k]U9HNLOL

6DGUD]DP

7DODW

0HKPHG6DG

'87B

127

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

46

%(2B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

08+$6$5$$/7,1'$.72:16+(1'25'868181
7(6/02/0$6,

*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG2UGXVX
QXQRQELQ\]PHYFXGX\ODVDYDHVLULRODUDN
WHVOLPDOQPD\DEDODQOGQPMGHOH\HQ%DNXPDQGDQON.DUDUJK
QQWHOJUD
IQDNDUONRODUDN6DGDUHW
WHQHNLOHQPHPQXQL\HWYHWHEULNWHOJUDI

1LVDQ

'DUH6DGkUHW8PU0KPPH.DOHP
.DOHPQXPDUDV
7DUKWHE\v]&HPk]\HOkKUVHQH>@1VDQVHQH>@
7HOHJUDP

6YDV
GD%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
7RZQVKHQG 2UGXVX
QXQ HVU KDUE RODUDN WHVOP DOQPDD EDODQOGQ PEHU
WHOJUDIQkPHGHYOHWOHUEkVIDKUYHPHVkUUD]vPROPXYH2UGX\+Pk\Q
XQWHPkGv
PXYDIIDN\kWYHWHYkOvPX]DIIHU\kWHOWkIVDPHGkQ\\HGHQPVWHGkEXOXQPXROPDNOD
E
OPXNDEHOHID\WHEUvNkWYHWHHNNUkWDEWGkUNOQGHIHQGP

%(2B

***
7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF6YDV%DNXPDQGDQON.DUDUJkK
1XPDUD
7DUK1VDQVHQH>@

'HUVDkGHWPDNDPVkPv6DGkUHW8]Pk
\D
2QoEQo\]PHYFXGXQGDRODQPDKVXU*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG2UGXVX
QXQHVUKDUE
RODUDNEXVDEDKWHVOPDOQPDDEDODQOG$OWQF2UGX.XPDQGDQO
QGDQPGDOQDQ
WHOJUDIQkPHGHEOGUOPROPDNODEXPXYDIIDN\HWGHQGROD\]kWVkPv6DGkUHWSHQkKv
OHUQHDU]WHEvUkWYHWHEUvNkWH\OHUP

)v1VDQVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

%(2B

129

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

47

'+.06B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(=$)(5110h-'(6

.W
O$PUH
QLQ2VPDQO2UGXVXWDUDIQGDQHOHJHLULOHUHNEXUDGDNL
L*HQHUDO
ROPDN]HUHVXED\YHQJLOL]DVNHULQLQHVLUDOQGQDGDLU%DGDG
9DOLVLYH$OWQF2UGX.XPDQGDQ9HNLOL0LUOLY+DOLO3DD
QQPMGHVLYHEXPM
GHQLQYLOD\HWOHUHWHEOLL

1LVDQ

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF0XGK
1XPDUD
7DUK1VDQVHQH>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
%DYQ
OOkKWHkOkEXJQ.W
O$PkUHPHYNPVWDKNHP]DEWYHJDOHGOG%H
JHQHUDOROPDN]HUHEH\]]DEWYHRQoEQQJO]DVNHUHVUROXQGXXQXDU]YHWHEvU
H\OHUP
)v1VDQVHQH>@
%DGDG9DOVYH$OWQF2UGX
.XPDQGDQ9HNO0UOYk
+DOO

'+.06B

***
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
.DOHP0DKVXV0GU\HW
7DUKWHE\v]1VDQVHQH>@
7HOJUDI

8PXPYOD\kWOHHOY\HPVWDNOOH\H
.W
O$PkUHVXNWHWG2UDGDPDKVXURQoEQo\]NONQJO]NXYYHWNkPOHQ
HVUHGOG.H\I\HWQPOKDNkWDGDGHUKDOWDPPYHWHEU

'+.06B

131

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

48

%(2B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(=$)(5
11%$.80$1'$19(./(19(53$$
7$5$),1'$16$'$5(7('8<858/0$6,9(
6$'$5(717(%5.7(/*5$),

.W
O$PUH
GH\DNODND\GU2VPDQONXDWPDVDOWQGDEXOXQDQ5XVPW
WHILNOHULQGHQ \DUGP DODPD\DQ YH QJLOL]OHULQ XDNODUOD YH JHPL\OH JQGHUPH\H
DOWHU]DNODU2VPDQOELUOLNOHULWDUDIQGDQHOHJHLULOGLLLLQKLELUNXUWXOX
PLGLNDOPD\DUDN1LVDQWDULKLQGHWHVOLPRODQQJLOL]*HQHUDO7RZQV
KHQG
LQ RUGXVXQGD  JHQHUDO  QJLOL] VXED\  +LQGOL VXED\ YH 
QHIHULQ HVLU DOQGQD GDLU %DNXPDQGDQ 9HNLOL (QYHU 3DD
QQ \D]V ]HULQH
6DGDUHW
WHQHNLOHQWHEULNWHOJUDI

1LVDQ

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H7HOJUDIGDUHV
0DKUHF6YDV.DUDUJkK
1XPDUD
7DUK1VDQVHQH>@

6DGkUHW8]Pk
\D
7DNUvEHQEHD\GDQEHUNDKUDPDQNWDkWP]QWD]\NDOWQGD.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXU
NDODQQJO]2UGXVXQKD\HW2UGX\+Pk\Q
XQNXYYHNkKUHVQHWHVOPVH\IYHVODK
HWPHHPHFEXUROPXGXU2VPDQOVODKQQEXDQOYHSDUODNVDKIHIDKUkYHUXVXUHWOH
FHUH\kQHWPGU.W
O$PkUHRUGXVX]kG]DKUHVQEWUPPOOHWGDODUQGDQROVXQ0RV
NRIPHQIDDWOHUQGHQ PWWHINOHUQGHQ ROVXQPGDGEHNO\RUGX.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXUND
ODQQJO]2UGXVX
QXQDKYkOQHOk\N\ODYkNIRODQQJO]NDEQHV*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG or
GXVXQXNXUWDUPDNoQKHUQHEDKD\DROXUVDROVXQKFXPHGOPHVQPNHUUHUHQYHPXVUUDQ
,UDNQJO]2UGXVX
QDHPUHG\RUGX6RQWHEOJkWUHVP\HGHJ|UOHQYHFHVXUNWDkWP]Q
D]P  EHVkOHWOHU NDUVQGD QJO]OHU oQ PGK WHOHIkW OH HU\HQ QJO] KFXPODU KHS
7RZQVKHQG
NXUWDUPDNoQG1KD\HWQJO]OHUdDQDNNDOH
GHDOGNODUGHUVYHWHFUEH\
EUNHUHGDKDDOGODU2VPDQOPXNkYHPHWQNUDPD\DFDNODUQ2VPDQOODUQHOQGHQKDQoH
UQDODPD\DFDNODUQDQODGODU)HODK\HKFXPODUNHVOGQJO]OHUEXVHIHUPDKVXUNDOH\H
HU]DNGKDOHWPHHWHHEEVHWGOHU(YYHOkWD\\DUHOHXQoXYDOODUDWGODU2VPDQOVODKEX
PGGHNUGKDUEWD\\DUHOHUP]EXEDWWDOWD\\DUHOHUQEUHUEUHUVXNWHWGUPHHEDOD
GODU0WHDGGGGPDQEDNDEUoDUHEXOGXYDSXUODJHFHNDUDQOQGDQE
OVWIDGH]DKUH
VRNPDDWHHEEVHWG+HU]DPDQPWH\DNN]EXOXQDQNDKUDPDQNWDkWP]\]OHUFHWRQ
HU]DN\NOEXYDSXUXGHUKDOWHYNIYHPVkGHUHHWGOHU$UWN*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGoQKoEU
PG QHFkW NDOPDPG  1VDQ
GD *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG ,UDN RUGXPX] NXPDQGDQOQD
133

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

PUDFDDWODRUGXVX\ODEHUDEHUVHUEHVWoHoNPDVQDPVDDGHHGOPHNDUW\OD.W
O$PkUH
\
WHVOPHWPHHUD]ROGXXQXEOGUG%OkND\GXDUWWHVOPROPDNGDQ>EDND@oDUHROPDG
FHYDEYHUOGQJO]NXPDQGDQEXVHIHU\HQHUkLWGHUP\kQHWG2UGXPX]XQIkNNDKKkU
YD]\HWQEOP\RUPXJEYH2VPDQONXPDQGDQODUQSDUDOHWPkYHIDOHGHEOHFHQ
]DQQHGHUHNWHNPvOWRSODUQWHVOPHWPHYHQH]GQGHEXOXQDQEUPO\RQOUD\WDNGPHWPH
WHNOIHWG$\QFHYDEYHUOG*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGQJO],UDNEDNXPDQGDQQGDQVWv]kQ
HGHFHQEOGUG+DOEXNQJO]EDNXPDQGDQNHQGVQH\DUGPHGHEOPHNGHQSHNX]DN
G1KD\HWKHUWDUDIGDQPGNHVOHQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGEXJQ.W
O$PkUH
GHEXOXQDQ
EWQ QJO] 2UGXVX
QX PX]DIIHU 2VPDQO NXPDQGDQQD WHVOP HWG +DWUODUGDGU N 5XV
2UGXVXNXPDQGDQEXQGDQEUD\HYYHO\DNQGD.W
O$PkUH
GHHOQVNPDDJHOHFHQ
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
H\D]PGPG\HNDGDUWDGkGHGOHQVHUkEHUYHFKkWvGU*HQH
UDOQJO]]kEW+QGO]kEWYHQHIHUGU
)v1VDQVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

%(2B

***
'DUH6DGkUHW8PU0KPPH.DOHP
.DOHPQXPDUDV
7DUKWHE\v]1VDQVHQH>@

%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO(QYHU3DDKD]UHWOHUQH
.DKUDPDQRUGXPX]XQ.W
O$PkUH
GHKUk]HWGDQOPX]DIIHU\HWQWDIVODWQP
EH\\QWHOJUDIQkPHGHYOHWOHU0HFOV9NHOk
GDNHPkOPQQPHVkUOHNUkHWROXQGX
2VPDQOVODKVDWYHWQQGVDKkEHWYHKDP\HWQHPHYGRODQKDNNXKDNNDWQFHVXUYH
IHGDNkUPGkIOHURODQ]kEWkQOHHIUkGQYHEDGD]kWkOvOHUROGXXKkOGHEXQODUQPXN
WHGUYHHFvNXPDQGDQODUQQPXYDIIDN\kWD]vPHVEUkYHUGHOVDQNUDQYHPHPOH
NHWGHEDGDQEDDE\NEUHYNYHVUUKkVOHGHQEXJDOE\HWHPPkVOPXYDIIDN\kW
FHOvOHQQWHYkOvVWHPHQQ\kWUHIEkUJkKFHQkE0HQQkQHGOG0HFOV9NHOkNDUD
U\ODWHEOROXQXU

%(2B

134

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUH
GHQJO]DVNHUOHUQQWHVOPDOQPDVQWDVYUHGHQEUo]P

135

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

49

'+.06B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(+868681'$$986785<$
'$1
*(/(17(%5.

.W
O$PUH
QLQ2VPDQO2UGXVXWDUDIQGDQHOHJHLULOPHVLPQDVHEHWL\OH.DUO
3ROODN
Q $YXVWXU\D
QQ 5HLFKHQEHUJ HKULQGHQ 'DKLOL\H 1]U 7DODW %H\
H JQ
GHUGLLWHEULNNDUW

1LVDQ

.DOHP0DKVXV

$YXVWXU\D
GD5HFKHQEHUJHKUQGH&DUO3ROODN
.W
O$PkUH
QQ]DEWPQDVHEHW\OHDU]WHEUvNkWHG\RU
0QDVEFHYDEIv
<D]OPGUIv

'+.06B

'+.06BD
137

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

50

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$/0$103$5$7258
181.7h
/$05(
=$)(57(%5

.W
O$PUH]DIHULQGHQGROD\$OPDQPSDUDWRUX-5:LOKHOP
LQHNWLLWHEULN
PHVDM]HULQH6XOWDQ90HKPHG
LQWHHNNUQYH$OPDQ0DUHDOL>*ROW]@
QLQ
OPQGHQGX\XODQ]QWVQLHUHQFHYDEPHVDM

1LVDQ

=kWHYNHWVPkWFHQkEWkFGkUv\HKDPHWO
$OPDQ\DPSDUDWRUXKD]UHWOHUWDUDIQGDQNHGH
ROXQDQWHOJUDIQkPHWHUFPHVGU

.W
O$PkUH
QQKHUWUOPGDGWHHEEVOHUQHJ|VJHUHQYHI
OKkOVHEDWPH\
\WkQHVQQPNDIkWQNWWkIHGHQFHVXUPXKkFPOHUQHWHVOPVODKHWGKDEHUPHVHU
UHWkYHUQHPGPXWWDOROGXP%XPXYDIIDN\HWD]vPHGHQGROD\]kWDKDQHOHUQHHQ
VDPPvWHEUNkWNDOE\\HPEOkH\OHUP.W
O$PkUHQDPEXQGDQE|\OH*HOEROXV
P\OHPWHUkGIHQ7UN$OPDQXKXYYHWDVNHU\\HVWDUKQQ\kGkQkYHUQWHNOHGH
FHNGU=kWKPk\QODUQEUNDoJQHYYHOWDEXWXHWUDIQGDRUGXODUP]QWHHVVU\kEROGX
X]kWEHQPOHEUONGHK]QOHGHUKkWUEX\XUDFDNODUYHRUGXODUP]PkUXQOH\KQ\kG
QDP\OD\HNGHUQHNDUGDKDNDYvEUPHUEW\HWKVVHGHFHNOHUGU
7DUDIHUHIKD]UHW3DGDKvGHQ$OPDQ\D
PSDUDWRUXKD]UHWOHUQHNHGHEX\XUXODQ
WHOJUDIQkPHFHYDEvWHUFPHVGU

.W
O$PkUH
GHNGPDQNXYk\PDKVXUHVQQWHVOPPQDVHEHW\OHYkNRODQWHE
UNkW KNPGkUvOHUQGHQ YH SHN KkU EU PXKDUHEHQQ QkQHV RODUDN VWPkO EX\XUXODQ
HOIk]GDQ GROD\ EH\kQ NUDQ H\OHUP 6DKE
ODGO YH
OKVkQ RODQ &HQkE<H]GDQ HFv
DVNHUOHUPQPHVkvNDKUDPDQkQHOHUQQPNDIkWQE]kOOHEXGHIDGDKE]PVWDUN
HOWkIEX\XUGX+HPHQGDPDE]VDKkEHWOkK\\HVQHk\kQEX\XUVXQ%XKkGVHPHVXGH
GHQPWHYHOOGPHVHUUHWKHUNHVQPXKDEEHWQND]DQPRODQPWHYHIIkPDUHDOQKkWUDVQ
GDKDFDQOEUVXUHWGHKDI]DODUP]GD\DDWPDNGDYH2VPDQO2UGXVXPkUXQOH\KQJD\
EEHWQEKHV]EUK]QD]vPOHKVVH\OHPHNGHGU

+56<6B

139

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

51

'+)5B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=$6.(5/(511%5.,60,1,1d2580
<2=*$79(.,5(+5
'(6.$1,

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQLQRUXP<R]JDW.UHKLUYH%R
D]O\DQ
GD KD]UODQDFDN JDUQL]RQODUD \HUOHWLULOPHVL \HWHUOL ROPDG WDNGLUGH
(UPHQLOHUGHQERDOWOPN\YHNDVDEDODUGDQID\GDODQOPDVKDWWDX\JXQJU
OHQN\YHNDVDEDODUQERDOWODUDNEXQODUDWDKVLVLKXVXVXQXQ$QNDUD9DOLOLL
QH
\D]OG

0D\V

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
IUH

$QNDUD9Ok\HW
QH
$YQQk\HW+DN
OD.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]]kEWkQYHHIUkGQDPXNWH]v
JDUQ]RQODUQ$QNDUD
QQNVPDUNvVQGHEXOXQDQdRUXP<R]JDG.UHKUYH%RD]O\DQ
PHYDNGDKOQGHWHUWEYHK]kUYHPHEkQvNkIJHOPHGWDNGUGHEOKDVVD(UPHQOHUGHQ
KkOvNDODQN|\YHNDVDEDODUGDQVWIDGHHGOPHVYHFDEHGHUVHPQDVEN|\YHNDVDEDODUQ
WDKO\HV ]PQQGD %HQF .RORUGX$K]$VNHU 5\kVHW\OH WHUvN PHVkv HGOPHV YH EX
KXVXVoQ.DUDUJkK8PXPv
GHQPHPXUHQJ|QGHUOHQ%QEDUIDQ%H\
HWHVKvOkWOk]PH
UkHV%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW
QGHQEOGUOPHNOHFDEQQFUDYHQEkV
)v1VDQVHQH>@
1k]U

'+)5B

141

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

52

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=$6.(5/(511%5.,60,1,1
(6.(+59(d$1.,5,
'$6.$1,

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQDQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQGHQELUNVPQQ(VNLHKLUYHDQN
U
GDKD]UODQDFDNJDUQL]RQODUD\HUOHWLULOPHVLEXQODU\HWHUOLROPDGWDNGLUGH
(UPHQLOHUGHQ ERDOWOP N\ YH NDVDEDODUGDQ ID\GDODQOPDV KDWWD X\JXQ J
UOHQN\YHNDVDEDODUQERDOWODUDNEXQODUDWDKVLVLQHGDLU(PQL\HWL8PXP\H
0GUL\HWL
QGHQ.DVWDPRQX9DOLOLLLOH(VNLHKLU0XWDVDUUIO
QDHNLOHQWHOJUDI

0D\V

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
IUH

.DVWDPRQX9Ok\HW\OH
(VNHKU0XWDVDUU
QD
$YQQk\HW+DN
OD.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]]kEWkQYHHIUkGQDPXNWH]v
JDUQ]RQODUGDQEUNVPQQ.DQJUPQWNDVGDKOQGHWHUWEYHK]kUYHPHEkQvNkIJHO
PHGWDNGUGHEOKDVVD(UPHQOHUGHQKkOvNDODQN|\YHNDVDEDODUGDQVWIDGHHGOPHVYH
FDE HGHUVH PQDVE N|\ YH NDVDEDODUQ WDKO\HV ]PQQGD %HQF .RORUGX$K]$VNHU
5\kVHW\OHWHUvNPHVkvHGOPHVYHEXKXVXVoQ.DUDUJkK8PXPv
GHQJ|QGHUOHQ%Q
EDUIDQ%H\
HWHVKvOkWOk]PHUkHV%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW
QGHQEOGUOPHNOHFDEQQ
FUDYHQEkV
)v1VDQVHQH>@
1k]U

'+)5

143

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

53

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=$6.(5/(511%5.,60,1,1.21<$9(
$.6$5$<
'$6.$1,

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQDQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQGHQELUNVPQQ.RQ\DHUHIOLNRKL
VDUYH$NVDUD\
GDKD]UODQDFDNJDUQL]RQODUD\HUOHWLULOPHOHULEXQODU\HWHUOLRO
PDGWDNGLUGH(UPHQLOHUGHQERDODQN\YHNDVDEDODUGDQID\GDODQOPDVKDWWD
X\JXQJUOHQN\YHNDVDEDODUQERDOWODUDNEXQODUDWDKVLVLKXVXVXQGD.RQ\D
9DOLOLL
QH\D]ODQ\D]

0D\V

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
XEH
IUH

.RQ\D9Ok\HW
QH
$YQQk\HW+DN
OD.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]]kEWkQYHHIUkGQGDQEUNV
PQD PXNWH]v JDUQ]RQODUQ YOk\HW PH]EUHGHN HUHNRoKVDU $NVDUD\ NDVDEDODU\OD
QHIV.RQ\D
GDK]kUYHEOKDVVD(UPHQOHUGHQNDOPN|\YHNDVDEDODUGDQVWIDGHHGOPHV
YHFDEHGHUVHPQDVEN|\YHNDVDEDODUQWDKO\HV]PQQGD%HQF.RORUGX$K]$VNHU
5\kVHW\OHWHUvNPHVkvHGOPHVYHEXKXVXVoQ.DUDUJkK8PXPv
GHQPHPXUHQJ|QGH
UOHQ%QEDUIDQ%H\
HWHVKvOkWOk]PHUkHV%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW
QGHQEOGUOPHNOH
FDEQQFUDYHQEkV
)v1VDQVHQH>@
1k]U

'+)5

145

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

54

+56)5  B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
11'h0(66(%(%</(%8/*$5
0$7%8$7,1'$<(5$/$1'((5/(1'50(/(5

.W
O$PUHQLQ G YH QJLOL]OHULQ HVLU DOQPDV DQDNNDOH JDOLEL\HWLQGHQ
VRQUDNDKUDPDQ7UN2UGXVX
QXQVLFLOLQHSDUODNELUVD\IDRODUDNJHWLLQHEX
JDOLEL\HWLQQJLOWHUH]HULQHLQGLULOHQQHPOLELUGDUEHROGXXQDYHVDYDQVR
QXQGDND]DQDQWDUDIQPWWHILNOHURODFDQDRODQLQDQFGDKDGDNXYYHWOHQGLUGL
LQHGDLU%XOJDULVWDQ
GD\D\QODQDQ9RHQQL]YHVWL\DJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\V
WDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]
.W
O$PUH
QLQ QJLOL]OHUGHQ WHVOLP DOQQQ E\N ELU VHYLQOH NDUODQGQD
YHEXEDDUQQVODPDOHPL]HULQGHROXPOX5XVODU]HULQGHLVHVRXNGXHW
NLVL\DSDFDQDGDLU1RYYHNJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ
\D]
.W
O$PUHQLQGKDEHULQLQEDNHQWOHULQGH7UNOHUOHKLQHRNROXPOX\R
UXPODUDVHEHEROGXXQDVDYDQ7UNOHUHSDKDO\DPDOROVDGD2VPDQOPSD
UDWRUOXX
QXQJHOHFHLLLQWHUFLKHGLOGLLQHYHQJLOL]OHULQHO&H]UH
GHNHVLQELU
\HQLOJL\HXUDPDODUQQ\HQL7UNL\H
QLQJOHQPHVLLLQQHPOLELUGQPQRNWDV
RODFDQDGDLU%DONDQVND3RVKWDJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGD
NDQ\D]
.W
O$PUHQLQG\OH7UNOHURQELQQJLOL]DVNHULQLHVLUHGLS\NOPLN
GDUGDJDQLPHWDODUDNQJLOWHUH
QLQEWQ$V\D
GDNLHJHPHQOLLQHE\NELUGDUEH
LQGLUGLLQHGDLUD\QJD]HWHQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]
.W
O$PUH EDDUVQGDQ GROD\ PWWHILNOHUL WHEULN HGLS EX EDDUQQ *QH\
YH2UWD$V\D
GDQJLOL]ER\XQGXUXXQXVDUVPDNLLQQHPOLELUDGPRODFDQD
LQDQODUQQDUWWQDGDLU\DUUHVP1DURGQL3UDYDJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\V
WDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQEDPDNDOH

0D\V

.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXPQDVHEHW\OH%XOJDUJD]HWHOHUQQGHUP\kQHWGNOHUPWk
ODkWYHWHIVUkWQWHUFPHOHUPHOIIHQWDNGPNOQPROXSEXJD]HWHOHUQNkIIHVQQKN
PHWHPHQVXEROGXXYHPXKDOIJD]HWHOHUQEXEkEGDVHUGPWkODDGDQPVkNH\OHPEX
OXQGXNODUPDU]GXU2OEkEGD
.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXPQDVHEHW\OH%XOJDUJD]HWHOHUQQWHIVUkWQDGDU

+56)5  

***

147

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWX]HUQH%XOJDU
PDWEkWQQPWkODkWYHWHIVUkW

9RHQQ]YHVW\DJD]HWHVQGHQ0D\VVHQH>@
.W
O$PkUHVXNWHWGdDQDNNDOHPX]DIIHU\HWQGHQVRQUDNDKUDPDQ7UN2UGXVX
PWWHINOHUQVFOOPWHUHNPX]DIIHU\kWQDSDUODNEUVDKIHJ]vQGDKDOkYHH\OHP
GUQJOWHUH]HUQHQGUOHQEUGDUEHQQHKHPP\HWGDUEHQQQGUOG]DPDQWEDU\OD
EUNDWGDKDWH]k\GHWPYHNHVEVNOHWH\OHPGU+]PHWPHFEXU\\HDVNHU\\HQQ
NDEXOHWGUOPHVQHGDUVDUIROXQDQPHVkvQQDNvPNDOPDVQGDQYHUODQGD
GDKWOkO]XKXU
HWPHVQGHQVRQUDNQJOWHUH
QQXVXOPHUXW\HWQWkHVDVQGDQGokUWH]HO]OH\OHPGU
.W
O$PkUH
QQ]DEWNH\I\HWQJOWHUHPHKkIOKNPHWQ\HQEUEDG|QPHVQHGokU
H\OHPGU
%DWDNONODUoQH\HUHNGNHQOWHOSDUPD>N@ONODUQDDUDNYHQJO]OHUQPNHPPHO
WRSODUQQFHKHQQHPvDWHDOWQGD\U\HUHNOHUOH\HQFHVXU7UNQHIHUQQVQJVVODP
\HWQU]PXNDGGHVRODQ.oN$V\D
QQQkNkEOWHVKvUPHYNPVWDKNHPQKFXP
FHEUvOH]DEWHWPHNVXUHW\OHQJO]OHUQ$V\D\6XUk
\]DEWHWPHNKXVXVXQGDNSODQODUQD
WDKUENkU EU FHYDE YHUPGU QJO]OHUQ V\DVv WDE\HFOHUQH YH WDE\HF SROWNDFODU
QD 7UN DVNHU J|VWHUG N NHQGVQH |\OH WFDUHW KHVDEODU oQ NHPkO VKOHWOH VWPkO
ROXQXUkGvYHHKHPP\HWV]EUNHP\HWGHOGU*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QNHQGVWDKOvVQ
VDWQDOPDNoQPXDU]ODUQDWHNOIHWGPO\RQODUFDDOWQSUJXUUEUQHIUHWOHUHGHGOG
0HGHQ\HWGHQPDKUXP$V\D\6XUkOODUEXKDUHNHWDVvOkQHOHU\OHNHQGOHUQQVDKE
PHGHQ\HWGPDQODUQDE\NEUHUHIPOOvYHQDPXVDVNHUvGHUVYHUPROGXODU7UN
VODKQQNXYYHWYH7UNQHIHUQQSUKXOVYHQHFkEHWPOOvE]PDUNOPWWHINOHUP]Q
PXYDIIDN\HWOHU oQ HQ E\N ]DPkQGU %]GH GDYD\ PWHUHNQ DNEHW ND]DQODFDQD
GDURODQPDQYHWNDG.W
O$PkUHPXYDIIDN\HWGDKD]\DGHWDNY\HH\OHPGU
VWDQEXOVWOHU)UNDV
QQ1DIk1k]U3HWNRINROXQXQQkUHINkURODQ1RYYHN
JD]HWHVQGHQ0D\VVHQH>@
%XNDOHQQWHVOPQH]kWHQQW]kUROXQX\RUGX.W
O$PkUH
QQWHVOPKDEHUE]FH
SHNE\NPHVHUUHWOHWHODNNROXQPXGXU%kKXVXVE]%XOJDUODU7UN\H
GHFHUH\kQHGHQ
DKYkOYHKkGVkWNHPkOGNNDWOHWDNEHWPHNGH\]%]EXQXWOkIFODUDNDUEH\kQHG\R
UX]=UDWOkIFODU7UN\H
GHD\ODUFDHYYHOFHUH\kQHWPRODQKkGVkWWD\\DUHGHQDWGNODU
EH\DQQkPHOHUOH6RI\DOODUDKEDUHWPHH (U]XUXP
XQVXNWXYH.DINDVFHEKHVQGHN5XV
PXYDIIDN\kWPHIU]DVKDNNQGD O]XPJ|UPOHUG*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QWHVOPol
PDVNH\I\HWkOHPVODP]HUQGHWHVUPDQHYvVQJ|VWHUHFHNGU=UD7UNOHUQEXPX
YDIIDN\HWRkOHPGHOk\NROGXXGHUHFHGHWDNGUROXQDFDNGU
%\N%UWDQ\D
QQNHQGNDUGHOHURODQUODQGDOODUOHHO\HYPEUGHYOHWPXD]]D
PDUROQRQODUVD\HVQGHIDHWPHNGHROGXXRUODQGDOODUOHKkOKDUEGHEXOXQGXXEU
DQGDE]PPWWHINOHUP]QKUk]HWPROGXXPXYDIIDN\HWRPXYDIIDN\HWPKPPH
E]EKHV]PHPQXQYHPHVUUHGHFHNGU
5XV\D
GD GDK 5XVODU DKvUHQ GokU ROGXNODU KH]PHW KDEHU\OH EHUDEHU EX KDEHUQ

148

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

5XVODU]HUQGHEUVRXNGXWHVUQFUDHGHFHSKHGHQYkUHVWHGU1NROD1NROD\DYo
NHQGVQQ%DVUD.|UIH]
QHYDVOROPDVoQGDKDQHNDGDUPHVDIHNDOGQEUPGGHWGDKD
KHVDEHGHFHNGU
.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXKDEHUQJOWHUH
GHEUPHVHOHPKPPHGDKO\\HRODUDN
UODQGDKWOkOQQKDOOWHVY\HVQGHQJOWHUH+NPHW
QHPXkYHQHWHWPRODFDNGU
QJOWHUH
QQEWQPOOHWOHUQPXKWDoROGXXVXOKXQWHHVVVQHQHNDGDUPkQROGX
XYHEXJQN$YUXSDKDUEXPXPvVQQHQE\NPFUPOHUQGHQEXOXQGXXPVHOOHP
HQkPGU
*\D N VOVOH KkGVkW E]]DW PDUXUX
OEH\Qv *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG
Q PHYNQH
PPkVOEUYDW\H\HVHYNYHGokUHGHFHNYHPO\RQODUFDPDKYHGOPRODQPDKOXNDWEH
HU\\HQQNDQODUQYHJ|]\DODUQVDWQDOPDNoQ|\OHEUPO\RQOUDQQGHORPNGDUQ
PO\RQNDWQQGDKNkIROPDGQDRQXGDKNQDHGHFHNEUWDU]FHUH\kQDOPGU
KWPDONEXNDQOGUDPGDNHVUDUYXNXkWQQNkIYHWH]kKUGUDPQKWDPDHUHFH
IDU]HGOHQQRNWDGDEDOD\DFDNWU
%DONDQVND3RVKWD0D\VVHQH>@
.W
O$PkUH
QQ VXNWXKDEHUSD\WDKWP]GDPWWHINOHUP]7UNOHUQOHKQHROD
UDNSHNKDUDUHWOWHIVUkWDEkGvROPXGXU +DUE Kk]U7UNOHUHSHNSDKDO\DPDOROPXGXU
)DNDWEXIHGDNkUONODU2VPDQOPSDUDWRUOXX
QXQVWNEDOoQKW\kUHGOPGUQJO]OHUQ
HO&H]vUH
GHVXUHW NDW\\HGHPDOXEROPDODU\HQ7UN\H
QQWDNY\HVWDUvNPHVkv
VQGHHQPKPPHQ]OOHUGHQEUGU
<QHPH]NUJD]HWHQQ0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ
.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXOH7UNOHUEQQJO]HVUHWPOHUYHEvKDGYHKHVDE
JDQPHWDOPODUGU%XKkGVHQJOWHUH
QQEWQ$V\D
GDNKkNP\HWQHE\NEUGDUEH
QGUPGU%XKkGVHQJO]OHUQKDNNQGDdDQDNNDOHKH]PHWQGHQGDKDPKPEUGDUEH
GU
1vPUHVPv1DURGQ3UDYDJD]HWHV0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGD
UODQGDKWOkOYH.W
O$PkUHVHUOHYKDV\OD\D]GEDPDNDOHGHG\RUN.
W
O$PkUHPX]DIIHU\HWQGHQGROD\PWWHINOHUP]WHEUNHGHU]%XPX]DIIHU\HWYDVWD
V\ODFHQEvYHYVWk$V\D
GDQJO]ER\XQGXUXXQXVDUVPDNoQOPYHUIDQYHPHGHQ\HW
HKUkKQQNkGROXQDFDQDDPvNEUWNDGOHPDQHWPHNGH\]
QJO]OHUQEUoRNPOOHWOHU]HUQGHNWDKDNNPQQWHPHOOHUUODQGDKWOkO\OHWDK
UEHGO\RU.W
O$PkUH
GHVHWDKWWD]\NYHHVkUHWGHEXOXQDQPOOHWOHUoQUIDQYHPH
GHQ\HWQDDDSk]XKUROPDVKXVXVXQGD\HQEUWDUvNNkGHGO\RU

+56)5  BDE

149

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

55

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

72:16+(1'
17(./)(770/<21$/7,1

>7RZQVKHQG
LQ+DOLO3DD
\DWHNOLIHWWLL@ELUPLO\RQDOWQGDQQJLOL]OHULQWHVOLP
ROPDVQGDQ VRQUD ELU H\ ]XKXU HGLS HWPHGLLQLQ 0DOL\H 1H]UHWL WDUDIQGDQ
%DGDW9DOLYH.XPDQGDQ+DOLO3DD
GDQVRUXOPDV

0D\V

0DO\H1H]kUHW
.DOHP0DKVXV
$GHG

%DGDG9DOYH.XPDQGDQ+DOO3DDKD]UHWOHUQH

HUkLWRODUDNEDKVROXQDQEUPO\RQDOWQGDQEUH\]XKXUHWPPGU(WPVHPN
GDUQQWHOJUDDkUQUFDHGHUP
)v1VDQVHQH>@
0DO\H1k]U9HNO
7DODW
'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHVIUH0GU\HW$O\\HV
QH
%kOk\D VXUHW GHUF HGOHQ WHOJUDIQkPH QH]kUHWSHQkKvQQ IUH\H E
WWDKYvO NHvGHV
HVEkEQQVWNPkOEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXUHIHQGP
)vPQK
0DO\H1H]kUHW.DOHP0DKVXV0GUQDPQD
0PH\\]
+DP

'+)5

151

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

56

'87B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(=$)(5
11$/0$1/$51(='1'(.
<$16,0$6,

$OPDQ\D PSDUDWRUX
QXQ .W
O$PUH ]DIHULQGHQ GROD\ RNXOODU ELU JQ WDWLO
HWPHVLYH2VPDQO
QQ%HUOLQ6HIUHWLYDVWDV\ODSDGLDKDJQGHUGLLWHEULNPH
VDMQGDQGROD\GX\XODQPHPQXQL\HWLQELOGLULOPHVL

0D\V

0kEH\Q+Pk\Q0ONkQH
%DNWkEHW


QXPDUDOYH&XPkGHOkKUHVHQHWDUKOWH]NUHKXVXVv\HVDGDUHWSHQkKv
OHUFHYDEGU.W
O$PkUHWHVOPQQ$OPDQ\D
GDKkVOH\OHGWHVUDWYHYXNXDJHWUG
WH]DKUkWGDQEDKVOH%HUOQ6HIU.HEvU+DNN3DDKD]UHWOHUWDUDIQGDQDU]ROXQDQWHEUNkW
QH]GKPk\QPONkQHGHSHN]\DGHPDK]]\HWROGXXQXQVHIUPkUXQOH\KHWHE
OKXVXVXQDUkGHVHQ\\HFHQkE3DGDKvHUHIPWHDOONEX\XUXOPXYHEXEkEGDN
+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHVWH]NUHVOHIIHQVDYEVkPvVDGDUHWSHQkKvOHUQHDGHYHWHV\vU
NOQPROPDNODROEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v&XPkGHOkKUHVHQHIv1VDQVHQH
6HUNkWEKD]UHWHKU\kUv
$O)XDG

'87B

***
%kEOv
'DUH+DUF\H
.DOHP0DKVXV


+X]XUVkPvKD]UHW6DGDUHWSHQkKv\H
0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGU
.W
O$PkUH
QQWHVOP]HUQHKDPHWO$OPDQ\DPSDUDWRUXKD]UHWOHUQQPHNkWEQ
EUJQWDWOQHPUHWGNOHUYH%HUOQ
QGRQDWOGYHKVQWHVUQSHN]\DGHROXSKDUEQ
EGk\HWQGHQEHUPKPEUQJO]NXYYHDVNHU\HVQQWRSGDQWHVOPONGHIDE]HYkN
ROGXX V|\OHQHUHN PFE VUU ROPDNGD G YH EX PQDVHEHWOH WHEUNQQ KkN Sk\
PHkOKWYk\FHQkEWkFGkUv\HYHKNPHWVHQ\\H\HDU]YHWHEO%HUOQ6HIU.HEvU
+DNN3DDKD]UHWOHUQGHQDOQDQWHOJUDIQkPHGH]EkUYHQ\D]HGOPHNOHROEkEGDHPUXIHU
PkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v&XPkGHOkKUHVHQHIv1VDQVHQH
+DUF\HQk]UQDPQD
0VWHDU
>P]D@

'87B
153

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

57

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

6$.621<$.5$/,
1,17(%5.

6DNVRQ\D .UDO
QQ .W
O$PUH ]DIHUL GROD\V\OD 2VPDQO 3DGLDK
Q %HUOLQ
6HIUHWL YDVWDV\OD WHEULN HWPHVL YH EX WHEULNWHQ GX\XODQ PHPQXQL\HWLQ 2V
PDQO
QQ%HUOLQ6HIUHWLDUDFO\ODLOJLOL\HELOGLULOPHVL

0D\V

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
IUH.DOHP

%HUOQ6HIkUHW6HQ\\HV
QGHQQXPDUDOHPHYUGIv0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOWHOHJUDPKDOOGU

6DNVRQ\D .UDO KD]UHWOHU %HUOQ


GHN 6HIkUHW PDVODKDWJ]kUQ 6HIkUHW 6HQ\\H
\H
J|QGHUHUHN .W
O$PkUH PX]DIIHU\HWQGHQ GROD\ WHEUNkW YH DVkNU DKDQH KDNNQGDN
WDNGUkWQQKkNSk\PHkOvKWYk\3DGDKv\HDU]DYHVkWDWDF]kQHPDU]XEX\XUPX
ODUGU.H\I\HWQKkNSk\PHkOvKWYk\3DGDKv\HDU]FHYDEKPk\QXQ6DNVRQ\D
6HIkUHW
QHOHFO
WWHEOWDUDIDF]kQHPHkUQUFDHGHUP

+56<6B

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
.DOHP0DKVXV
+XVXVvQXPDUD
8PXPvQXPDUD
7DUK1VDQVHQH>@0D\VVHQH>@
7H]NUH

6DGkUHW
H
6DNVRQ\D .UDO KD]UHWOHU %HUOQ
GHN VHIkUHW YkVWDV\OD .W
O$PkUH PX]DIIHU\H
WQGHQ GROD\ WHEUNkWQQ DWHEH VHQ\\H PONkQH\H DU]QDU]X HWGQ WHEO H\OHG
%HUOQ6HIU.HEvU+DNN3DDKD]UHWOHUWDUDIQGDQkUROXQPDODROEkEGD

+56<6B

155

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
0kEH\Q+Pk\Q0ONkQH
%DNWkEHW


+DPHWO6DNVRQ\D.UDOKD]UHWOHUWDUDIQGDQ.W
O$PkUHPX]DIIHU\HWQGHQGROD
\DWHEHVHQ\\HPONkQH\HDU]WHEUNkWROXQGXXQXPXWD]DPPQQXPDUDOYH
&XPkGHOkKUHVHQH>@WDUKOWH]NUHKXVXVv\HVDGDUHWSHQkKvOHUOHGH
ODU]PDQ]U
kOv YH PVWHO]P PDK]]\HW VHQ\\H FHQkE 3DGDKv RODUDN NH\I\HWQ %HUOQ 6HIk
UHW6HQ\\HVYHVkWDW\ODPkUXQOH\K.UDOKD]UHWOHUQHEOkPXNWH]k\HPUXIHUPkQ
KPk\QKD]UHWWkFGkUvGHQEXOXQPXYH+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QQEXEkEGDNWH]NUH
VOHIIHQVDYEVkPvGkYHUD]DPvOHUQHWHV\vUNOQPGU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHW
YHO\\
OHPUQGU
)vJXUUH5HFHEVHQHIv1VDQVHQH
6HUNkWEKD]UHWHKU\kUv
$O)XDG

'87B

***
%kEOv
'DUH+DUF\H
.DOHP0DKVXV


+X]XUVkPvKD]UHW6DGDUHWSHQkKv\H
0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGU
6DNVRQ\D .UDO KD]UHWOHU %HUOQ
GHN VHIkUHW YDVWDV\OD .W
O$PkUH PX]DIIHU\H
WQGHQ GROD\ WHEUNkWQQ DWHEH VHQ\\H PONkQH\H DU]QDU]X HWGQ WHEO H\OHG
%HUOQVHIUNHEvU+DNN3DDKD]UHWOHUWDUDIQGDQkUROXQPDNODHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHW
YHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v&XPkGHOkKUHVHQHYHIv1VDQVHQH>@
+DUF\HQk]UQDPQD
0VWHDU
>P]D@

'87B
156

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

QJLOL]OHULQ.W
O$PkUH
\LND\EVRQUDVQGD$OPDQ\D
GDoL]LOHQELUNDULNDWU

157

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

58

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=$6.(5/(5116(9./(5

.W
O$PUHGHHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQLQVHYNOHULVUDVQGDDVNHUPHPXU
ODUD JHUHNOL NROD\OQ JVWHULOPHVLQH GDLU (PQL\HWL 8PXP\H 0GUL\HWL
QGHQ
0XVXO5H
VOD\Q+DOHS$GDQDYH.RQ\DYDOLOLNOHUL\OH(VNLHKLUYH1LGHPXWD
VDUUIONODUQDHNLOHQWHOJUDI

0D\V

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
.DOHP+XVXVv

0XVXO5HVXOD\Q+DOHE$GDQD.RQ\DYOk\HWOHU\OH
(VNHKUYH1GHPXWDVDUUNODUQD
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]]kEWkQYHHIUkGRWDUvNOHVHYNROXQDFDNODUQGDQ
PHPXUvQDVNHU\\H\HQGH
OFDEWHVKvOkWYHPXkYHQkWOk]PHIDV
)v1VDQVHQH>@
1k]U

'+)5

159

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

59

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=68%$</$5,1,1(01<(7/(9/(5'(
6.1,

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL]VXED\ODUQQNLUDODUNHQGLOHULWDUDIQGDQGHQ
PHN DUW\OD WHVELW HGLOHFHN HPQL\HWOL HYOHUH \HUOHWLULOPHOHULQH GDLU $QNDUD
.RQ\DYH.DVWDPRQXYDOLOLNOHUL\OH(VNLHKLUYH.WDK\DPXWDVDUUIONODUQD\D]
\D]OG

0D\V

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
.DOHP+XVXVv

$QNDUD.RQ\D.DVWDPRQXYOk\HWOHU\OH
(VNHKU.WDK\DPXWDVDUUNODUQD
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]]kEWkQQQRUDGDNDPHWOHUWHQVvEROXQGXXQGDQ
NUDODUNHQGWDUDDUQGDQWHVY\HROXQPDN]HUHPQDVEQHNDGDUPDKI]KkQHOHUEXOXQ
GXXQXQWDKNNYHRQODUQPGGHQVHUk\PH]NUH\HWDKVVYHQHWFHVQQkFOHQQEkV
O]XPX%DNXPDQGDQON
GDQEOGUOPHNGHGU0DWOEPDOXPkWQVHUvDQWkV
)v1VDQVHQH>@
1k]U

'+)5

161

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

60

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(65'g571*/=*(1(5$/116.$1,

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUHGLOHQYH%XUVD
GDLNDPHWHWWLULOHFHNRODQGUWDGHGQJLOL]
JHQHUDOL\OH\DYHUOHULLLQHPQL\HWOLHYWHGDULNHGLOPHVLLLQ+GDYHQGLJU9LO\H
WL
QH\D]ODQ\D]

0D\V

IUH

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
.DOHP+XVXVv
+XVXVv

+GDYHQGJkU9Ok\HW
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQG|UWQJO]*HQHUDO\DYHUOHU\OHEUONGH%XUVD
GDNDPHW
HWGUOHFHNOHU FKHWOH NUDODU NHQG WDUDDUQGDQ WHVY\H ROXQPDN ]HUH PQDVE QH NDGDU
PDKI]KkQHEXOXQGXXQXQWDKNNYHRQODUQPGGHQVHUk\ PH]NUH\HWDKVVYHQH
WFHVQQkFOHQkUO]XPX%DNXPDQGDQON
GDQEOGUOPHNGHGU6HUvDQ PDOXPkW WkV
)v1VDQVHQH>@
1k]U

'+)5

163

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

61

'87B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$986785<$+h.h0(7
117(%5.

.W
O$PUH]DIHULQGHQGROD\$YXVWXU\D+NPHWL
QLQ2VPDQO3DGLDK
QWHE
ULNHWPHVL]HULQHGX\XODQPHPQXQL\HWLQ2VPDQO
QQ9L\DQD6HIUHWLDUDFO\OD
V]NRQXVXKNPHWHELOGLULOPHVL

0D\V

0kEH\Q+Pk\Q0ONkQH
%DNWkEHW


.W
O$PkUHPX]DIIHU\HW]HUQH9\DQDHKUED\UDNODUODGRQDWOGJEHKUHP
Q6HIkUHW6HQ\\H
\HJHOHUHNWHEUNkWVDPP\HVQQDWHEHVHQ\\HPOXNDQH\HEOk
QUFDH\OHG9\DQD6HIU+VH\Q+OP3DDKD]UHWOHUWDUDIQGDQkUROXQGXXQDYH
$YXVWXU\DVHIUGHKNPHWQDPQDEH\kQWHEUNkWH\OHGQHGDU+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOv
OHV
QQWH]NUHVWDNGPNOQGQPUQXPDUDOYH5HFHEVHQHWDUKOWH]NUH
KXVXVv\H 6DGDUHWSHQkKvOHU PHOIIX\OD PDQ]U kOv EX\XUXODUDN FDE HGHQOHUH PDK]]
\HWVHQ\\HKD]UHW3DGDKvQQWHEOQHUkGHVHQ\\HFHQkEPONkQHHUHIVkGU
ROPXYHQH]kUHWPkUXQOH\KkQQWH]NUHVOHIIHQVDYEVkPvGkYHUHIKDPvOHUQHDGH
NOQPROPDNODROEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v5HFHEVHQHIv1VDQVHQH
6HUNkWEKD]UHWHKU\kUv
$O)XDG
'87B

***
%kEOv
'DUH+DUF\H
.DOHP0DKVXV


+X]XUVkPvFHQkE6DGDUHWSHQkKv\H
0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGU
.W
O$PkUHPX]DIIHU\HW]HUQH9\DQDHKUQQED\UDNODUODGRQDWOGJEHK
UHPQQQ GH 6HIkUHW 6HQ\\H
\H JHOHUHN $YXVWXU\D SD\WDKWQQ WHEUNkW VDPP\HVQQ
DWHEHVHQ\\H\HEOkQUFDH\OHG9\DQDVHIU+OP3DDKD]UHWOHUWDUDIQGDQEkWHOJ
UDIkUROXQPXYH$YXVWXU\DVHIUQQGHKNPHWQDPQDEH\kQWHEUNkWHWPROGXX
PDU]GXU(PUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v5HFHEVHQH>@YHIv1VDQVHQH>@
+DUF\HQk]UQDPQD
0VWHDU
>P]D@
'87B

165

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

62

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%8/*$5$6.(50h1(..7$1*(/2)
81
.7h
/$05(
<('$5'((5/(1'50(/(5

QJLOL]OHULQ,UDNVHIHULQLQYH.W
O$PUH]DIHULQLQVHEHSYHVRQXODUQDGDLUELU
%XOJDU DVNHU HOHWLUPHQLQ 6RI\D
GD \D\QODQDQ .DPSDQD JD]HWHVLQLQ  0D\V
WDULKOLQVKDVQGD\HUDODQGHHUOHQGLUPHOHUL

0D\V

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
1VDQVHQH
$GHG

%XOJDU0DWEkW
6RI\D
GDoNDQ.DPSDQDJD]HWHVQQ0D\V
VHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ

.W
O$PkUHKDNNQGDPQHNNGDVNHUv$QJHORI
XQPWkODkW
QJO]OHU,UDNVHIHUQHWHHEEVHWGNOHU]DPDQKXVXVkWkW\\H\QD]DUWEDUDDO
PODUG
7UNOHUXPXPv\HWWEDU\ODRKDYDOGH]DvIROGXNODUJEdDQDNNDOH]PUVWDQEXO
%RD]
QGDYH.DINDV\DFKHWOHUQGHPHJXOEXOXQGXNODUoQ,UDNFHEKHVQHQJO]WDDUUX
]XQDPXNkYHPHWHGHEOHFHNNXYYHWOHUJ|QGHUHPH]OHUG
=HQJQYHPQEWRODQHO&H]vUH
QQ]DEWHGOPHV]HUQHQJOWHUH%DVUD.|UIH
]
QQ PkOQGH WFDUHW YH VHYNX
OFH\ QRNWD QD]DUQGDQ KD] HKHPP\HW EU VV
OKD
UHNH\HPkONRODFDJEKNPkWPHUNH]\\HJUXEXQXQEXNDGDUIHGkNkUONODUEUk]\OD
PXKDID]DHWPHHoDOG+DPEXUJ%DGDGWDUvND]vPGHVHGHGOHFHNG
>V@
 %DGDG OH 'FOH 1HKU
QQ NVP XO\kVQD GRUX YkN RODFDN PXYDIIDN\HWO EU
QJO]WDDUUX]XOHPWHUkINROPDN]HUH5XVODUQ.DINDV\D
GDQFHQEDGRUXFUDHGHFHN
OHUWDDUUX]ODUQPXYDIIDN\HWOHQHWFHSH]vUROPDVVD\HVQGH5XV2UGXVXOHOWVDNSH\Gk
HGOHFHNYH5XV\DKHVDEQD+QG'HQ]
QHEUPHQIH]EUSHQFHUHNkGROXQDFDNGU+QG
'HQ]
QHKkNPRODQQJOWHUHoQEXSHQFHUHEUJQkWHKONHWHNOH\OHPH\HFHNGU

167

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%DGDG
DGRUXYXNXEXODQQJO]WDDUUX]XEWWDE7UNOHUQHQ]kUGNNDWQ6
YH\.DQDO
QGDQEDNDFKHWHPkOHHWGUHFHNGUdQNQkJHKkQv]XKXUHGHQEXKkO7UNOHU
OHEHUDEHUPWWHINOHUQGHKDYIYHWHODDONkHGHFHNGU
>V@
,UDNVHIHUEGk\HWGHQJO]OHUoQPXYDIIDN\HWOHFUDHGOPGdQNQJO]OHU'F
OH1HKU
QGHVHUEHVWkQHVH\UXKDUHNHWHGHQYHPNHPPHOWRSODUOHPFHKKH]EXOXQDQ]UKO
YDSXUODUVD\HVQGHVKOHWOHPH]NUQHKUQPXQVDEQD\HUOHSRUDGDQDOH
WWHGUvF%DGDG
D
GRUXOHUOH\HFHNOHUG
QJO]KH\HWVHIHU\\HVEXVXUHWOHKDUHNHWHGHUHN'FOH1HKU
QGHo\]NORPHWUH
OHUOH\S%DGDG
D\]NORPHWUHEXGPHVDIH\HNDGDUYDVOROGXWHEXQRNWDGDQJO]NXY
YHWOHU7UNGDOJDYHVDGPHVQHXUDPDNVXUHW\OHYD]\HWWHGkI\\H\HJHoGOHU
2KDYDOGHYXNXDJHOHQKDUHNkWDVNHU\\HQHWFHVRODUDN7UNOHUQJO]OHUPNHP
PHOHQ WD]\N HWGOHU YH RQ o EQ DVNHU OH .W
O$PkUH
\ PXKDVDUD H\OHPHH PXYDIIDN
ROGXODU
>V@
QJO]OHUQ ]UKO JHPOHU YDVWDV\OD .W
O$PkUH PDKVXUvQQH HU]DN \HWGUPHN
oQVDUIHWGNOHUKHUWUOIHGkNkUONODU7UNOHUQNXYYHWOWRSODU\ODDNvPEUDNOG
+kOKk]UGDNDOHOHPDKVXUvQ7UNOHUQHOQGHGUQJO]OHUQINGkQHU]DNGDQGR
OD\WHVOPVODKH\OHPHOHUQHEDNODFDNROXUVH7UNOHUQPXNDEOWDDUUX]ODUQJO]OHUQ
PHPOHWPHGNOHUEUVXUHWGHYHSHNVHURODUDNEXQHWFH\KkVOH\OHPGU+DOEXNQ
JO]OHUQ PDKVXU\HW EGk\HWQH NDGDU 'FOH 1HKU JE KDWW PXKDEHUH YH EUoRN YHVkW
QDNO\\HOHUPHYFXGROGXXQXGD]NUHWPHNOk]PGU
.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXQJO]OHUoQ|\OHEUGDUEHGUNHO&H]vUHVHIHUQQWDPD
PHQDNvPNDOGQUkEH\OHU
%XJQ 7UNOHU OH QJO]OHUQ EX KDYDOGHN NXYYHWOHU PXND\HVH HGOHFHN ROXUVD
7UNOHUGHQQWNDPDODEOPHOHUoQQJO]OHUQNXYYHWOHUQ
>V@
N\DKXGoPVOQHEOkHWPHOHUKoROPD]VH\]HOOEQ VON ROPDODUNW]k
HGHU%]]DWNHQGDUD]VQGH]XKXUHGHQKWOkOYHWkWHVNQHWPHNoQDVNHUEXODPD\DQ
QJO]OHUDFDEDEXNXYYHWK]kUH\OH\HEOUOHUP"

168

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUH
GHQJO]OHUHQGUOHQGDUEHPDGGvYHVHYNX
OFH\ROPDNODEHUDEHUQ
JO]YDNDUYHKD\V\HWQRNWDQD]DUQGDQGDSHN]\DGHKD]HKHPP\HWGU
dDQDNNDOHKH\HWVHIHU\\HV kQYH|KUHWGHQkUvRODUDNGokUDNkPHWROGXXYDNW
QJO]OHUEXUDGDNkUYHKFkEPWWHINOHURODQ)UDQV]ODUOHEH\QOHUQGHWDNVPH\OHPOHU
YHDVNHUOHUQ6HODQN
HVHYNHWPHNoQE
OKW\kUoHNOGNOHUQYDWDQGDODUQDNDUEH\kQ
GDQoHNQPHPOHUG
,UDNVHIHUQGHNKFkEVHGRUXGDQGRUX\DQJO]OHUHDGRODFDNGU$GHPPXYDIID
N\HWOHUQ7UNOHUQNXYYHWQGHQNHQGOHUQQVH
>V@
DGHPNXGUHWQGHQEDNDEUH\HDWIHGHPH\HFHNOHUGU%XGDWHEU\H]PPHWGHO
WUDIDF]GHQEDUHWGU
7UNOHUQPXYDIIDN\HWQJO]OHUOHOWVDNSH\GkoQFHQEDGRUXOHUOHPHHoDO
DQ5XVODU]HUQGHEUGXWHVUQvNkHGHFHNGU
5XVODUNHQGOHUOHQJO]OHUDUDVQGDEXOXQDQPVWDKNHPEUPHYN7UNOHUQDOGN
ODUEUVUDGDNROD\ONODPXYDIIDN\HWVWKVkOH\OHPHN]HUH7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQPGDIDDV]
EUDNODQ7UDE]RQ
DGRUX\UGOHU
5RPDQ\D0DWEkW,
,QGHSHQGDQFH5RXPDQHJD]HWHVQQ0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ
$OWD\GHYDPHGHQEUPXKDVDUDGDQVRQUD.W
O$PkUHVXNWHWG2QoEQEH\]
NGHQPUHNNHERODQQJO]2UGXVXHVUHGOG

+5079B

169

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

63

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

=$)(5+$..,1'$7$/<$1%$6,1,1,1
'((5/(1'50(/(5

DWWODUDS
D\DNQUDQWRSUDNODUQGDNLSHWUROND\QDNODUQ2VPDQO
QQVDOGUOD
UQGDQNRUXPDNDPDF\ODQJLOL]OHULQ\DSW,UDNVHIHULQLQ\HWHUOLKD]UON\DSOPD
GDQEDODWOGLLQEDDUV]ODXUDG\ROXQGDWDO\D
GD\D\QODQDQ&RXUULHUH
'HOOD6HUDJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQDVNHUOHUL\OHELUOLNWH.W
O$PUH
GHWHVOLPROPDVQQEHN
OHQHQELUVRQXROVDGDEXQXQE\NVDYDQXIDNELUSDUDVROGXXYXUJXVX
\DSODUDNNDPXR\XQXQWHVHOOHGLOPH\HDOOGQDGDLUWDO\D
GD\D\QODQDQ6H
FRORJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]
QJLOL]OHULQ.W
O$PUH
GHNLEXKH]LPHWOHULQLQDQDNNDOH
GHXUDGNODUER]JX
QXQNWHWNLOHULQLRUWDGDQNDOGUPDNDPDF\OD%DGDW]HULQH\UPHNNRQX
VXQGDEHVOHGLNOHULKO\DODUVRQXFXQGDPH\GDQDJHOGLLQHGDLUWDO\D
GD\D\QOD
QDQGHD1DWLRQDOJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]

0D\V

%HUQ6HIkUHW6HQ\\HV
$GHG
8PXPv
+XVXVv
>+XOkVD@$O5]D%H\
QUDSRUODU
0HOII

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
5RPDHKEHQGHU5]D%H\WDO\DPDWEkWQDYHPVWDKEDUkWKXVXVv\\HVQHPWHDO
ONNNWDUDSRUXPDQ]UkOvQH]kUHWSHQkKvOHUEX\XUXOPDN]HUHOHIIHQWDNGPNOQP
GU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v0D\VVHQH
%HUQ6HIU
>P]D@

+56<6B

***

171

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$GHG

0DWEkW
.W
O$PkUH
GHN2VPDQOPX]DIIHU\HWD]vPHVWDO\DQPDWEkWQSHNPH\VHWG
JD]HWHOHUQIDGkWQGDQYHRUDGDNQJO]KH]PHWQQYHKkPHWQKIkYHWDKIvIHoDOPD
ODUQGDQDQODO\RU
&RXUUHUH 'HOOD 6HUD QJO] DVNHUQQ WHVOP ROGXXQD GDU ON JHOHQ KDEHU ]HUQH
\D]GEHQGGHQJO]OHUQ,UDNVHIHUQGHQDVOPDNVDGODUDWW
O$UDE
DNDUvEUDQWRSUD
QGDNSHWUROPHQEDODUQ2VPDQO2UGXVX
QXQWDDUUX]XQGDQPXKDID]DYHYNk\HHWPHNRO
GXXQXYHIDNDWE
OkKDUHQJO]OHUQEXGHGDKDOHUJWPHHNDUDUYHUPHOHUQHYHKDOEXN
E\NEUVHIHUGHPHNRODQEXKDUHNHWHOk]PVWK]kUkWQQRNVDQNDOPDVQDPHEQvEXJQ
NKH]PHWOHUKXVOHJHOGQV|\OH\HUHNPHVHOHQQHKHPP\HWQ]kOH\HoDO\RU(UWHV
JQ\D]GX]XQEUPDNDOHGHPHEGHKDUEGHQEHUQJO]OHUQRFYDUGDNKDUHNHWOHUQQ
EUWDUKoHVQ\DSSQJO]DVNHUQGHPHGKVHQkHGHUHNEDGHK0kGHPN.W
O$PkUH
WDKOvVROXQDPDGYHQJO]OHUOHUJGHPHGRKkOGHDUWNOHUKDUHNHWGHQVDUIQD]DUODEX
VHIHUQHVDVPDNVDGRODQSHWUROPHQEDODUQPXKDID]DOHNWIkROXQPDN]HUHQJO]NXYk
VQQEVEWQJHU\HUFkWvGDKDPXYkINROXUG\HUHNQJO]OHUQEDQDJHOHFHNXKXVXVX
PGGHQPXYkINKkOJ|VWHUPHNVW\RU
6HFRORJD]HWHV*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q.W
O$PkUH
GHWHVOPROPDV]kWHQPXQWD]DU
EUYDNDEXOXQPDVQDUDPHQQJOWHUH
GHYHEWQPWWHINPHPOHNHWOHUGHE\NEUHOHP
YH NHGHU PFE RODFDNGU OHUOHPHNGH JD\UHW UFDWGH E\N EU PDKDUHW YH PXKDVDUD\D
PXNkYHPHWGHPHWkQHWJ|VWHUHQEXNXPDQGDQE|\OHEUQHWFHPHVVIH\HPDU]NDOPDD
PVWDKNGHOG%RHUPXKDUHEHVQGH%DGHQ3RZHOOQDVO\DSGVH7RZQVKHQGGHRUGXVXQX
WDKOvVHGQFH\HNDGDUEDQGUDVQQHUHIQPXKDID]DHGHFHQJOWHUH
GHPGROXQX\RUGX
)DNDWVRQ]DPDQODUGDDOQDQKDEHUOHUEXPGPDKYHWG.W
O$PkUH
QQWHVOPQHGHUHFH
HOvPROXUVHROVXQHKHPP\HWoHEXE\NPXKDUHEHQQEUXIDNYDNDVGHPHNGUdQN
RQEQNWHVOPVODKHWGDPPDPWWHINOHUQGPDQODUQDNDUNR\DFDNRQPO\RQGDQ
ID]ODDVNHUYDUGUG\HUHNHINkUXPXPv\H\WHVHOOvHWPHHXUD\RU
GHD1DWLRQDOJD]HWHVHYYHOk.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXUQJO]NXYkVQQWHVOPVODK
HWPHVKDUEXPXPvKDUHNkWQFDPFEHQGHRODPD\DFDQV|\OHGNGHQVRQUD%XJQN
YDNDJHoHQVRQEDKDUGDQJO]OHUQ%DGDG]HUQH\UPHNKXVXVXQGDEHVOHGNOHUKO\D
VkNDV\ODvNkHWGNOHUKDWD\D]vPQHWFHVGUYHEXKDUHNHWHWHHEEVOHUGHdDQDNNDOH
GHQ
IUkUODUGROD\V\ODHINkUXPXPv\HGHKkVORODQVWHVUEHUk\]kOHEUPXYDIIDN\HW
WDKDUUVINUQHGPHOHUQGHQOHUJHOPGG\RU
%WQEXJD]HWHOHUQQJO]KH]PHWFHVvPHVQWDKIvIHoDOPDODUQDUDPHQWDU]
IDGHOHUPX]DIIHU\HWD]vPHP]GHQQkKkVORODQ\HVYHKGGHWOHUQDoNGDQDoDJ|V
WHU\RU

+56<6BD

172

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

QJO]HVUOHUQEDNXPDQGDQYHNOQHVHODPYD]\HW
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

173

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

64

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'
1+(<%(/$'$
'$.$0(7

.W
O$PUHGHHVLUHGLOHQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQ+H\EHOLDGD
GDPHFEXULLNDPHW
HWGLULOLSJ]HWLPDOWQGDEXOXQGXUXODFDQDYHGLHUNRQXODUDGDLU7DODW3DD
GDQ
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNLOLYH+DUEL\H1]U(QYHU3DD
\DHNLOHQWHOJUDI

0D\V

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
.DOHP0DKVXV

%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOYH+DUE\H1k]U(QYHU3DDKD]UHWOHUQH
&  7RZQVKHQG
Q WDVYvE kOvOHU YHFKOH +H\EHODGD
GD NDPHW HWGUOHFHNGU 1D
PXVDVNHUvV]HUQHV|]DOQDUDNVXUHWkDGDGDVHUEHVWEUDNOPDVYHKDNNDWKkOGHWDUDV
VXGDOWQGDEXOXQGXUXOPDVPXYkINROXUPWkODDVQGD\P
.W
O$PkUHWDIVODWJHOPYHKW\DoWDWPQHGOPGU
HKUHPDQHWoFDGGH\HDU]XEX\XUXODQVPOHUYHUHFHNWU
(U]XUXPPXKDFUvQkHHGOHFHNGU
6DID%H\
QkUkWQDHKHPP\HWYHUOPHPHNGHGU
H\KOVOkP0XVD.k]P(IHQG
\HEUWHEUN\D]OPDVPXYkINROXU
6H\DKDWkOvOHUKDNNQGDkUDPXQWD]UP k\kQDU]HKHPP\HWOEUKkO\RN
GXU
7DODW

'+)5

175

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

65

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((65/(51(/$+(<08.$9(/(6d(5d(9(61'(
.$5,/,./,/,./.(61(*g5(08$0(/(('/(&(

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUHGLOHQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGYHDVNHUOHULQH\DSODFDNPXDPH
OHQLQNDUONOONLONHVLJ]HWLOHUHN/DKH\0XNDYHOHQDPHVLHUHYHVLQGH\DSOPDV
YHEXQODUQLKWL\DODUQQJLGHULOPHVLLLQ%DGDW
WDNL$PHULNDNRQVROXVXQDJH
UHNOLNROD\ONODUQJVWHULOPHVL\ROXQGDQJLOL]+DULFL\H1H]UHWL
QLQWDOHEL

0D\V

%kEOv
1H]kUHW+DUF\H
7HUFPH0GU\HW
1XPDUD
7DUK1VDQ
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUH
GHNQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQHGDU
+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH0D\VVHQH
>@WDUK\OH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQYkUG
RODQQXPDUDOYHPVWDFHODUHWOWDNUvU
IkKvQQWHUFPHVGU

6HIkUHW.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUGHQQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQQDKYkOQHGDUEXNHUH
QJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QGHQEUWHOJUDIQkPHDK]H\OHPROGXXQX1H]kUHW&HOvOH+D
UF\H
\HkUH\OHU1H]kUHWPH]NUH.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGOH
QJO]NXYkV KDNNQGD WWKk]ROXQDQ WHGkEvU PPNQ PHUWHEHEU kQ HYYHO DQODPDYH
DOH
OKXVXV PPkOH\K JHQHUDO OH PD\\HW ]kEWkQQQ JHUHN WHPQ VWUkKDWODU QRNWD
QD]DUQGDQYHJHUHNVDUQXNkWQD]DUQGDQGHUHFHYHPHUWHEHOHU\OHYH/DKH\0XNkYHOHQk
PHV
QQVHUk\KDUE\\H\HPWHDOONDKNkPGDUHVQGHPD]KDUKWUkPROGXNODUQEO
PHQDU]XHWPHNGHYH.W
O$PkUH
GHDOQDQVHUkKDNNQGDNPXDPHOHQQQJO]NXYkV
WDUDIQGDQWHYNIROXQDQYH+NPHW2VPDQ\\HFHGHPDOXPEXOXQGXXYHFKOHH]KHU
FKHW k\kQ PHPQXQ\HW RODQ PXDPHOHGHQ GQ ROPD\DFD PGQ ]KkU H\OHPHNGHGU
6HIkUHWQJOWHUH+NPHW
QQPkUUX
OEH\kQWHOJUDIQkPHVPXKWHYv\kWQ1H]kUHW&HOvOH
+DUF\H
\HE
OkUQJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHWWDUDIQGDQDU]XHGOHQPDOXPkWQWHVKvl ve
WHVUvVWKVkOYHEUGH%DGDG
GDN$PHUNDNRQVRORVXQDPkUUX
]]NUHIUkGYH]kEWkQ]
\DUHWHGHEOPHVYHNHQGOHU\OHJ|UHUHNWHPQKW\DoODUoQQH\DSOPDNOk]PVHRQX
\DSDEOPHVoQPPkOH\KNRQVRORVKDNNQGDWHVKvOkWPPNQHFUDVHVEkEQQVWNPkO
EX\XUXOPDVQUFDH\OHU

+56<6BDE

177

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK1VDQVHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]NXYkV
0VWDFHO

2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GH HVU HGOHQ *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG OH QJO] NXYkV KDNNQGD WWKk]
ROXQDQWHGkEvUQEUkQHYYHODQODOPDVDU]XHGOGQGHQEDKVOHED]IDGkWKkYvRODUDN
QJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QGHQDOQDQWHOJUDIQkPHPXKWHYv\kWQYHPDOXPkWPDWOEHQQ
WHVUvYHWHVKvOWkVYH%DGDG
GDN$PHUNDNRQVRORVXQDHVUHGOHQHIUkGYH]kEWkQ]
\DUHWHGHEOPHVYHNHQGOHU\OHJ|UHUHNWHPQKW\DoODUoQ\DSODFDNH\OHUQFUDV
]PQQGDWHVKvOkWPPNQHJ|VWHUOPHVOWPDVQPXWD]DPPQ$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQDK]
ROXQDQ0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWDNUvUQWHUFPHVOHIIHQWHV\vUNOQG
ID\FDEPHUKQUH\kVDIkQHOHUGU)HUPkQ

+56<6B

178

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7HVOPDOQDQQJO]HVUOHUQGHQEUNDIOH
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

179

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

66

%(2

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(%$$5,6,1'$1'2/$<,9<$1$
(+511%$<5$./$5/$'21$7,/0$6,

.W
O$PUHEDDUVQGDQGROD\9L\DQDHKULQLED\UDNODUODGRQDWDQYH2VPDQ
O 6HIUHWL
QH JHOHUHN WHEULNOHULQL ELOGLUHQ EHOHGL\H EDNDQ LOH KNPHWL DGQD
WHEULNOHULQLDNOD\DQ$YXVWXU\DHOLVLQLQEX]L\DUHWYHDNODPDODUQGDQGX\XODQ
PHPQXQL\HWLQLOJLOLWDUDIODUDELOGLULOPHVL

0D\V

'DUH6DGkUHW
8PU0KPPH.DOHP
(YUDNQXPDUDV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
7DUKWHE\v]5HFHE>@0D\V>@

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
.W
O$PkUH PX]DIIHU\HW ]HUQH9\DQD HKU ED\UDNODUOD GRQDWOG JE HKUH
PQ 6HIkUHW 6HQ\\H
\H JHOHUHN WHEUNkW VDPvP\\HVQQ DWHEH VHQ\\H PONkQH\H
EOkQ UFD H\OHG9\DQD 6HIU +VH\Q +OP 3DD KD]UHWOHU WDUDIQGDQ kU ROXQGX
XQX YH$YXVWXU\D VHIU GH KNPHW QDPQD EH\kQ WHEUNkW H\OHGQ PXWD]DPPQ 
1VDQ >@ WDUKO YH  QXPDUDO WH]NUH DO\\HOHU OHGH
ODU] PDQ]U kOv EX\XUXODUDN
FDEHGHQOHUHPDK]]\HWVHQ\\HKD]UHW3DGDKvQQWHEOHPUXIHUPkQEX\XUXOGX
X0kEH\Q+Pk\Q0ONkQH%DNWkEHW$O\\HV
QGHQ]EkUNOQPROPDNODID\
PXNWH]kVV\kNQGDWH]NUH

%(2

181

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

67

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

+2//$1'$%$6,1,1'$d,.$1+$%(59(<2580/$5

.W
O$PUH ]DIHUL GROD\V\OD +ROODQGD EDVQQGD NDQ KDEHU YH \RUXPODUQ
/DKH\%\NHOLVLWDUDIQGDQVWDQEXO
DUDSRUHGLOGLL

0D\V


>+XOkVD@.W
O$PkUHPX]DIIHU\HWGROD\V\OD
+ROODQGDPDWEkWQGDPQGHUFPWkODkWDGDU
0HOIIDGHG

+DUF\H1k]UGHYOHWO+DOO%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
2UGX\QHFvE2VPDQv
QQ.W
O$PkUH
GHKUk]HWPROGXXSDUODNYHDQOPX]DI
IHU\HWHGDU+ROODQGDPDWEkWQGDPQGHUFHQPKPPWkODkWQ)UDQV]FDKXOkVDODUo
QVKDRODUDNOHIIHQWDNGPKX]XUVkPvOHUNOQPROPDNODROEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHW
PHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v0D\VVHQH
/DKH\6HIU
>P]D@

+56<6B

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
0KPPH.DOHP

7DUK0D\VVHQH>@

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHWYH'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHOHUQH
2VPDQO2UGXVX
QXQ.W
O$PkUH
GHKUk]HWPROGXXSDUODNYHDQOPX]DIIHU\HWH
GDU )OHPHQN PDWEkWQGD PQGHUF RODQ PWkODDW PKPPHQQ /DKH\ 6HIkUHW 6HQ\
\HV
QGHQ PUVHO )UDQV]FD KXOkVDODU PDQ]U kVDIkQHOHU EX\XUXOPDN ]HUH OHIIHQ WHV\vU
NOQG(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

183

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
\HHN
/DKH\

.W
O$PkUH
QQG .W
O$PkUH\HQOJV ]HUQH+ROODQGDEDVQQGDoNDQ\D]
|]HWOHU
/EHUDO1HXZH5RWWHUGDPVFKH&RXUDQWQ0D\VDNDPEDVNV
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
DVNHUOHU\OHEHUDEHU7UNOHUHWHVOPROPD\DPHFEXUHGHQGXUXP
QJO]OHUQVD\JQOQDE\NEUGDUEHYXUGX
%OQG JE7RZQVKHQG K]OD KDUHNHWH JHoHUHN %DGDW
 DOPDN VW\RUGX D\HW EX
SURMHVQEDDUPROVD\GQHWFHWEDU\OD2VPDQOPSDUDWRUOXXoQE\NEU\NPROD
FDNW$QFDN|\OHROPDGQJO]OHU.WHVSKRQ
GD 7UNRUGXVXWDUDIQGDQ \HQOJ\HXUDWOG
YH.W
O$PkUH
GHNXDWOGODU%XGXUXP RDQGDQWEDUHQ EUoRN$UDENDEOHVQ7UNOH
UQWDUDIQDJHoPH\HWWD\HWQJO]OHUEXGXUXPXWHODIHWPHNVW\RUODUVDoRNH\\DSPDN
]RUXQGDODU
$\QJD]HWHDVNHUPXKDEUQQYHUG0D\VWDUKO\D]VQGD|\OHG\RU
D\HW.W
O$PkUHKDUHNkWQJO]OHUHEDDUJHWUPROVD\G2VPDQONXYYHWOHU G
HU PHY]OHUQGHGHVDOGU\DPDUX]NDODFDNODUG
1HXZH&RXUDQ0D\VWDUKODNDPEDVNVQGD|]HODVNHUPXKDEUQQYHUGKDEHUGH
|\OHG\RU
.W
O$PkUH
GHROXSEWHQOHUKDIIHDOPDPDNJHUHNUQJO]RUGXVXQXQ7UNOHUHWHV
OPROPDVQQDQODPPRUDODoVQGDQE\NEUROD\QJO]OHUoQNoNGUFRODQEX
KkGVHNRORQ\DOVDYDODUDoVQGDQoRN]HQJQRODQQJO]DVNHUWDUKQGH\HJkQHWHN ]HOO
EU YDNDGUGHQHEOU
.DUDGDQ*HOEROX
\DGHQ]GHQdDQDNNDOH
\H\DSODQDVNHUKDUHNkWWDPEUPDFHUD\G
%DGDG
DNDU\DSODQPXYDNNDWYHF]\DUGPHO \QH EUPDFHUD\G*HOEROX
\DXOD
WNWDQVRQUDDOWD\VUHQPDFHUDGROXROD\ODUYHVDUIHGOHQJD\UHWOHU\VRQXoODUYHUPH\H
FHNWU%XGXUXPD\QHNOGHPWWHINOHUDUDVQGDKRQXWVX]OXDQHGHQRODFDNQJOWHUH
GH
VH PG\HNDGDURODQHOHWUOHUGDKDGDGGHWOHQGUHFHN%XKDWDODUD\QDQGD|]HOONOH
UODQGDROD\ODUQGDNHQGVQJ|VWHU\RU

184

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7MG0D\V DVNHUvPXKDEU 
6ODKEUDNDUDNWHVOPDUWQDPHVP]DODPDNEUoRNEHQ]HUOHUQGHROGXXJEGDKD
]\DGHPRUDODoVQGDQDVNHUEU]DIHUROGXXQXQNDEXOHGOPHVQGHKoNXNX\RNGXUXUD
VEUJHUoHNNV|PUJHVDOWQGDNWHEDDVQQoRXQOXX0VOPDQRODQQJOWHUH
QQ7UN
lerNDUVQGDDOGEXNQFPDOXE\HWDQODPOGU7DUKOHUGH*HOEROXYH.W
O$PkUH
\HQOJVQQQJOWHUH
QQVD\JQOQDE\NEUGDUEHROGXXQX\D]DFDN
6WDQGDUG 'U.X\SHU\D\QRUJDQ 0D\V
0H]RSRWDP\D
\HOGHHGHUHNE\NEUPNDIkWHOGHHWPHDU]XVXQGDRODQQJO]RUGX
VXQXQWHVOPROPDVQJOWHUHoQoRN]RUEUGXUXP(UPHQVWDQ
GDYHUDQ
GDVWQGXUXPGD
RODQPWWHINRUGXODU\DQQGDQJO]QIX]XYHWEDUQVDYXQPDNPHFEXU\HWQGHRODQQ
JO]RUGXVXNXYYHWOHU WHVOPROPD\NDEXOHWPHNOH EXQGDQPDKUXPROGXODUQJOWHUHPG
JHoPQQKDWDODUQ|G\RU%DQGDQJHoHQIHODNHWOHUQVRQXFXQDGDKD|QFHGHQ \DSODQ
DVNHUKDWDODUOD oRNWDQYDUOGQ JHOHFHNWH WDUWDFDN

+56<6B

.W
O$PkUH
GHQJLOL]OHULHVLUDODQ+DOLO3DDYHNXUPD\KH\HWL

185

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

68

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=70(6*$=(7(6110$/8%<(7
6(%(%</(+h.h0(768d/$<$1%$0$.$/(6

.W
O$PUH
QLQGPHVLQGHQYH%DGDW
D\DSODQJHUHNVL]ELUVDOGUQQKHPHQ
DNDELQGH QJLOL] RUGXVXQXQ ULFDW HWPHN ]RUXQGD NDOPDVQGDQ DVNHUOHULQ GHLO
WDNLS HWGLL VL\DVHWLQ VRQXFX RODUDN QJLOL] +NPHWL
QLQ VRUXPOX ROGXXQD YH
PLOOHWHQH\DSWQELOHQ\HQLYHJOELUKNPHWHLKWL\DGX\XOGXXQDGDLU
7LPHVJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQQEDPDNDOHVL

0D\V

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
0D\VVHQH>@WDUKO7PHVJD]HWHVQQEDPDNDOHV
.W
O$PkUH
QQ6XNWX
+NPHWKk]UDQQWXWPXROGXXPHVOHQWHYOvGHWGDFQHWFHOHUQVEWEXOPDV
oQGDKD]\DGHEUPGGHWQW]kUGDEXOXQPDDKkFHW\RNGXUUODQGDKWOkOQ,UDN
GDW
PkPHGHQDNVVDGkODUNXODNODUGDWDQvQHQGk]ROGX.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXEWWDEJD\U
PXQWD]DUEUNH\I\HWGHOG6XNWKDEHUQJO]POOHWQFHE\NYHDPvNEU\HVOHNDU
ODQG)DNDWQkNkIEUNXYYHWOH%DGDG
DOPDNJEEUWHHEEVVHUVHU\kQHQQGHKWDPD
HUPEXOXQGXXPXKDNNDNGU.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXUNDODQODUQWHVOPJEEUQHWFH
PHVVIH\HPVORODQNDUDUYHUPHNGHQPWHKDVVOPHVXO\HWKoEUWHHKKXUYXNXDJHW
UOPHNV]QHQGDNvNYHKXUGHQRNWDODUQDYDUQFD\DNDGDUDUDWUOPDOGU%|\OHEUNXYYH
F]\\HGHQ]GHQ\]OHUFHPOX]DNGDEXOXQXS7UNOHUQWDKNvPHWPHVoQEROEROYDNW
EUDNOPRODQ%DGDG
DGRUX\UPHHQoQFEkUHGOG"%XEkEGDPHYNKDUEGHEXOX
QXSKH\HWVHIHU\\HQQEWGkODUQGDNROD\FDFNND]DQPROGXXPX]DIIHU\HWGHQVHUEHVW
RODUDNKDWWKDUHNHWOHUQDUPRODQKH\HWDVNHU\\HHUNkQWHQNGYHPXkKD]HROXQD
PD].H]kON+QGVWDQ
GDEXOXQDQOHYk]PDWVKK\HV\OHKGHPkWVHYN\\HYHQDNO\\H
WHNODWPFEKFkEEUQW]DPV]ONoQGH\]HQ.DUDUJkK8PXPv
\GHPHVXOHWPHN
GRUXGHOGU%DGDG]HUQH\UPHNGHQPWHYHOOGPHVXO\HWQHQQKD\HW\NOHQHFH
PHYN/RQGUD
GDEXOXQDQNDEQHHUNkQGU9HEXEkEGDQk]UODUHHUYHUHEOUOHUVHKDWW
KDUHNHWOHUQGHQPWHYHOOG]DKkWYHUPHOGUOHU.W
O$PkUH
GHQ|WH\HGRUX%DGDG]H

187

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

UQH\UPHNKXVXVXQGDKoEUVHEHEDVNHUv\RNGX%DGDG
DGRUXGHOFHVQHVDOGUGHU
KDO UFDW WDNE H\OHG  (\OO VHQH >@
WH YXNXD JHOHQ PXKDUHEHGHQ VRQUD *HQHUDO
7RZQVKHQGPDK]kKNPHWQQW]kUYHWHUHGGGQGHQQkDOWKDIWDEUPGGHWROGXX\HU
GHEHNOHGGXUGX%XQGDQVRQUD*HQHUDO6HOPDQSDN
DGRUXKFXPGDEXOXQGXVHGH7UNOH
rQKDI\\HQ'FOH
GHQDDJHWUPROGXNODUG|UWIUNDPNHPPHODVNHUNDUVQGD]HEXQ
GG (HU *HQHUDO %DGDG
D XODPDN WkOQH PD]KDU ROVD G N EXUDV SHN EKHO G
KNPHWKD]UDQH\DSDFDQDNDUDUYHUSGHNHQGVQHWHEOHGQFH\HNDGDUJHoHFHNRODQ
EUPGGHW]DUIQGD*HQHUDOQEXkQDNDGDUND]DQPROGXX|KUHWYHQvNQDPODUGDPDKY
SHUDQRODFDNG.DEQHHUNkQP\kQQGDWHKONHQQYHKkPHWQFGGHQGUDNHWPYHEX
VHUVHU\kQHPDFHUDQQDKPDNONGDQEDUHWEXOXQPXROGXXQXDQODP]HYkWYDUG2KkOGH
EX]kWODUGDQoQWHFY]HWGOHU".HQGP\kQQGDEXOXQDQ]HYkWPWHKDVVVDQQPWkODkW
YDUGHOHUQHUDPHQIHOkNHWHPkQRODFDNWHGkEvUWWKk]HGHPH\HQEUNDEQHQQHVDVQGD
ED]ER]XNOXNROPDVSHNPXKWHPHOGU%DGDGIHOkNHWKNPHWKk]UDQQWHGYUXPUD
VDKERODPD\SPDYUOHUQHOQGHPHODEH\DSPDVQQEDU]EUGHOOGU%DGDGIHOk
NHW*HOEROXIkFLDVYHUODQGDPHVkLOLJ|VWHUL\RUNLKNPHWLKD]UDKDUELLGDUHHGHFHN

GHUHFHGHNXGUHWYHNXYYHWVDKLELGHLOGLU$]LPYHNDUDUNDWvVDKLELLJ|UHELOPHH
PXNWHGLUELUKNPHWYFXGDJHWLUPHNPLOOHWoHXPXPHQDU]XROXQPDNGDGU0LOOHWEX
DUGDUDVJHOPH\HQEvO]XPIHOkNHWOHUGHQDUWNXVDQSNDOPGU
)v5HFHEVHQH>@Iv0D\VVHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPvVWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

+5079B

188

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUDOQDQQJO]*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGYH+DOO3DD

189

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

69

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.870$/8%<(76(%(%</(%$=,1*/=9(
)5$16,=*$=(7(/(511<2580/$5,

'LFOH 1HKUL
QLQ WDPDV VHEHEL\OH JQGHULOHQ \DUGP NXYYHWOHULQLQ ]DPDQQGD
XODDPDPDVQGDQGROD\*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQJQNDKUDPDQFDVDYXQGXX
.W
O$PUH
QLQGPHVLQLQYHQJLOL]DVNHUELUOLNOHULQLQ7UNOHUHWHVOLPROPDV
QQNDQOPD]ELUVRQXROGXXYHGRDORODUDNQJLOWHUH
GH]QW\OHNDUODQ
GLIDGHHGLOGLNWHQVRQUDD\UQWOELUHNLOGHVDYDQVDIDKDWQQDQODWDQ'DLO\
7HOHJUDSKJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]
.W
O$PUHPDOXEL\HWLQLQDFVQQJLOL]OHUQDVONDUDFDNODUQSHNDODELOLUOHU
EDODOWQGD)LJDURJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]
0LUDOD\5XVVH
QLQPWWHILNOHULQLQQJLOWHUH
QLQDFYHVHYLQFLQLSD\ODWNODUQDGDLU
3HWLW3DULVLHQJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]V
,UDN
WDNLQJLOL]NXYYHWOHULQLQ7UNOHUHNDUJVWHUGLNOHULGLUHQLLQ0DUHQJRED
DUVQ JHWLUHQ 0DVVHQD
QQ &HQRYD
GDNL KDOLQH EHQ]HWLOHELOHFHLQH EXUDGDNL
GLUHQLLQ 5XV RUGXODUQQ .DINDV\D
GD LOHUOHPHOHULQH \DUGP HWWLLQH QJLOWHUH
YHPWWHILNOHULQLQDUN]HULQGHNLKD\DOOHULQLVHNWH\HXUDWPDGQD7UNOHULQ
0VU
DELUKFXPWHKOLNHVLQLRUWDGDQNDOGUGQDYHQJLOL]DVNHUWDULKLQGHXQX
WXOPDVPPNQROPD\DQDQOELUVD\IDRODUDNKDWUODQDFDQDGDLU0DWLQJD
]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]

0D\V

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
0D\VVHQH

$GHG

QJO]0DWEkW
'DO\7HOHJUDSKJD]HWHVQQ0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ
0HPOHNHW.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXKDEHUOHUQDNEHWIHOkNHWWEDU\ODK]QYHHOHP
OHYHIDNDWJ|VWHUOHQPXNkYHPHWGOvUkQHGHQGROD\EUKVVJXUXUOHNDUODGWHQ
KD\HW+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QQWHEOUHVPvVQGHJ|UOGYHFKOH*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG\]
NUNoJQGHYDPHGHQ KoEU]DPDQKDWUODUGDQoNPD\DFDNRODQEUPXNkYHPHWGOvUkQH
YHPXDQQGkQHGHQ VRQUDHU]kNQQWNHQPHV]HUQH7UNOHUHWHVOPROGX

191

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(VDVHQKDYDODUQER]XNJWPHVYH'FOH1HKU
QQWX\kQGROD\V\OD*HQHUDO7RZQV
KHQG
HNXYk\PGDG\\HJ|QGHUOHPHPHVEXVXNWXQJD\UNkEOFWQkE
>V@
ROGXXQXE]HGDKDHYYHOGHQKVkVYHEXIHOkNHWQNDUvE
OYXNXROGXXQXUkEH\OH
PG
.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXQXQ,UDNVHIHUQHQGUGGDUEHQQGGHWQEXUDGD]NUHW
PHNDU]XVXQGDGHO]
%WQGQFHOHUP]QJO]EDQGUDVQNXYYHWOEUGPDQNDUVQGDD\ODUFD$UD
EVWDQVDKUDODUQGDWHPHYYoHWGUHQEXFHVXU*HQHUDOOHPD\\HWHIUkGQDPWHYHFFKRO
GXXFKHWOH.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWX\ODPGKVVH\OHGP]\HVYHNHGHUD]vPEWWDE
EXQGDQHYYHOEXFHVXUPGkIvQKDNNQGDEHVOHGP]WHYHFFKYHVWk\QVEHWQGHDPvN
GU
0DPDIK EX IHOkNHWOH EXQXQ E
OkKDUHWHYOvGH\OH\HFH QHWk\FKDNNQGD PGON
DNNXHIHH\OHPHNVWHPH\]%XQXEWWDE]DPDQPQDVEQQYUGXQDWHUNH\OH\HFH]
%]OHUPGONEXYkND\D]DPDQQHQE\NHFkDWPXNkYHPHWYHPG\HNDGDU
GHUXKGHHGOHQVHIHUOHUQHQPNOQJ|VWHUHQPVDOQD]DUOHEDNDUDN
>V@
EX,UDNVHIHUHVQDVQGDPG\HNDGDUFHUH\kQHGHQYHNk\PKPPH\KXOkVDWHQ
NkUvQHGHUKkWUH\OHPHNOHNWIkH\OH\HFH]
%DVUD
QQPkOQGHEXOXQDQN\PHWGDUJD]\DPHQEDODUQGPDQQHOQHGU
PHPHNQ\HWYH\DGDKDGRUXVXDUNGDNQJO]QIX]YHPHYNQYNk\HH\OHPHNPDN
VDG\ODJHoHQVHQHQQ1VDQ
QGDKHPHQRQG|UWEQNGHQPUHNNHEEUNXYYHVHIHU\\H
%DVUD
GDQGDKOHGRUXKDUHNHWH\OHPG
%XNXYYHW'FOHER\XQFDOHUOHPYHUDVWJHOG7UNNXYk\DVNHU\\HVQUFDWH
PHFEXUNODUDN%DGDG
DNDGDU\DNODPYH7HUvQ6kQv
GH0HGk\Q
GH7UNOHUOHE\NEU
PXKDUHEH\HEOHJUPGUNWH*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGNDUODG7UNNXYk\DVNHU\HV
QQNXYYHWYHD]DPHWQHDQFDNEXUDGDYkNIROPXGXU
$OPDQ]kEWOHU\OHGDUHROXQDQD]vPEU7UNRUGXVXNDUVQGDKDUEHQ%DGDG
]DE
WHWPHNPPNQROPDGQDQOD\DQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGNXYYHDVNHU\HV\OHEHUDEHU

192

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

>V@
QHKUER\XQFDDYGHWOH.kQQ(YYHO
GH.W
O$PkUH
GHPHYNQWDKNvPYHNXYk\
PGDG\\HQQYUGXQDPXQWD]UNDOPGU
.XYk\DVNHU\HVQQEUNVPPKPPQSDKDO\DRWXUDQPVDGHPHOHUOHJkEH\OH
\HQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGRQEQHNDUvEPD\\HWHIUkG\ODEHUDEHU.W
O$PkUH
\HJUPYH
QHKUYHVDUED]PHYkNWkE\\HGHQE
OVWIDGHGPDQQ\DNODPDVQDPkQROPXGXU

dHNGLL PNLOkW QH PHUNH]GH ROXU LVH ROVXQ YH\D NXYYHL WHGkI\\HV QH F]v
PNGDUGD EXOXQXU VH EXOXQVXQ *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG VSHUOHUGH EU JD\UHW KkUNXOkGH OH
7UNOHUHNDUWDPJQNHQGLQLPGDIDDH\OHPLGLU
(Q]\DGHDFQDFDNEUKkOYDUVHRGD*HQHUDO*RUUQJHYH*HQHUDO.HDU\

QQNXPDQ
GDV DOWQGD EXOXQDQ NXYk\ PGDG\\HQQ 7UNOHUOH RODQ PVkGHPkWGD DWGNODU WRSODUQ
VHVOHUQWPHVQHUDPHQ7UNPXNkYHPHWQGHQ]\DGHWX\kQP\kKGDQKkVORODQP
NOkWGDQGROD\EXNXYk\PGDG\\HQQ.W
O$PkUH
\HGRUX
>V@
EUWUOOHUOHPHGNOHUQJ|UPROPDVGU
%XNDKUDPDQPGkIOHUQJQOHUQDVOHQGHOHUOHWDNEH\OHGNOHUQYHWDKOvVPG
QQPWHPkGv\HQD]DOGQJ|UHUHNQHGHUHFHOHUGHGokU]WUkEROGXNODUQEXUDGD]NUH
O]XPJ|UPH\]
7RZQVKHQGHQYkPNOkWWkE\\H\HUDPHQNoNEUNXYYHWOHIkNEUGPDQ
NDUVQGDoDUSPDDPDKNXPNDOPGU
7kOKDUEQGDPDGPDQWDUDIQDWHYHFFKH\OHGHU]DN\NORODUDNJ|QGHUOHQ
VHIvQHQQ\UPG|UW1VDQ
GDHO$\QPHYNQGHN7UNPHYDNQGHQPXYDIIDN\HWOHJHo
GNGHQVRQUDQKD\HWNDUD\DRWXUDUDNGPDQQHOQHGPHV\OHGHWH]kKUH\OHPGU
%X VHIvQHQQ 7UNOHUQ HOQH GPHV\OH VRQ PG GDK PDKY ROPXGXU %X IDFD\D
QJO]*HQHUDOQQ7UNOHUHWHVOPROPDV\ODQKD\HWYHUOPHNFDEH\OH\S
>V@
VXNWGDQHYYHONIkVODGDFHVXU*HQHUDOJD\XUPD\\HWHIUkGQQJ|VWHUGNOHUPXNk
YHPHWGOvUkQHQJO]WDUKDVNHUvVQGHDQOVDKIHOHUGROGXUDFDNGHUHFHGHkOvGU

193

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%XPQDVHEHWOH)UDQV]PDWEkWQGDJ|UOHQPDNDOkWYHJ|VWHUOHQWHHVVUkWk\kQ
GNNDWGU
)JDURJD]HWHV
%XPDOXE\HWQDFVQQDVOoNDUDFDNODUQQJO]OHUSHNkOkEOUOHUG\RU
0UDOD\5XVVHVH3HWW3DUVHQJD]HWHVQGH
QJOWHUH
QQPWWHINOHUQJOWHUH
QQ\HVYHVUUXQDWUDNH\OHUOHUG\RU
0DWQJD]HWHVVH
,UDN
GDN NXYk\ DVNHU\\HP] 7UNOHUH NDU GXUPDNGD ROGXX EU ]DPDQGD *HQH
UDO7RZQVKHQG
QJ|VWHUGPXNkYHPHWGOvUkQHQQ0DUHQJRPX]DIIHU\kWQQWkFHGHQ
0DVVHQDQQ&HQRYD
GDNKkOQHWHEKROXQDEOHFHQ\D]\RU
>V@
+HUKkOGHEXEkEGDHGOHQIHGkNkUONODUQEH\KGH\HUHVDUIROXQPDGSHNkLNkUGU
'FOH]HUQGHDVNHUOHUP]WDUDIQGDQ7UNOHUHNDUJ|VWHUOHQPXNkYHPHW5XVRUGXODUQQ
.DINDV\D
GDOHUOHPHOHUQHKD\OGHQKD\O\H\DUGPHWGJE(U]XUXP7UDE]RQ%WOVYH
KHOH UDQ KXGXGX PXKDID]DV oQ HHGG O]XPX KVVROXQDQ EU ]DPDQGD7UN RUGXODUQ
'FOH]HUQGHPHJXOHWPYHEQkHQDOH\K(UPHQVWDQKDYDOVPGDIDDVQ]D\DGUPD
DVHEHEROPXGXU
0WkODkWP]GDKDOHU\HVHYNOHG\HEOU]N.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXPWWHINOHUQ
DUN]HUQGHNWDVDYYXUkWQQPHYNIOHvVkOQ]HUUHNDGDUVHNWHGkUH\OHPHPGU
,UDN VHIHUQH E]OHU VUI EU VHUJ]HW WDNE PDNVDG\OD JUPHGN E
ODNV EX VHIHU
%\N%UWDQ\D
\GYHOVDUHGHQ]\DGHPHQIDDWGkUH\OH\HQ
>V@
EUV\DVHWPDKVXVD\DGGHWOHPHUEWYHDOkNDGDUGU
DUN PSDUDWRUOXXQGDN PHQkIP]Q HKHPP\HWQ WHGNN H\OH\HQOHU 7UN\H
QQ
KNPkW PHUNH]\\H WDUDIQGDQ KDUEH VHYN ROXQPDVQ PWHkNE WDUDIP]GDQ 0VU OH
+QGVWDQ DUDVQGD NkQ RODQ YH$FHP .|UIH] OH %DKU$KPHU
Q \NDG EWQ VHYkKO

194

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

]HUQGHEXOXQDQPHYDNGHNKkNP\HWP]QPXKDID]DVHPUQQQHGHUHFHOHUGHPKPEU
PDK\HWNHVEH\OHPROGXXQXNROD\ONODDQODUODU
7DNEROXQDQSODQPFHEQFHDUNDGRUXRODQWDUvNPUkVHOHP]PXKDID]DYHD\Q
]DPDQGD7UN\HFHQEGDQWDUDIP]GDQYHPkOGHQ.DINDV\DFKHWQGHQGDKPWWHINP]
5XVODUWDUDIQGDQWD]\NYHWHKGGROXQDFDNG
<DSGP],UDNVHIHUGHUWDUDIGDQVH7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQ0VU
DEUKFXPWHKONH
VQQPHYFXG\HWQRUWDGDQNDOGUPGU
+DUHNkWDVNHU\HQQEXKDUEGHPG\HNDGDUYHUGQHWk\FHDWIHQ
>V@
G\HEOU]N$OPDQKOHOHUQQPGUDQ
GDHVHUNDOPDPYH+QGVWDQPSDUDWRUOX
XDUWN$OPDQODUQkPkOKDUvVkQHVQHKHGHIROPDNWHKONHVQGHQNXUWDUOPGU+HOH$QD
GROXPWWHINvQNXYk\DVNHU\\HVWDUDIQGDQDGHWDE\NEUPXKDVDUDoQHDOQPGU
6U3HUF\/DNHKHUQHNDGDU*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
HPXkYHQHWHGHPHPVHGHKHUKkO
GH'FOH1HKU
QQPHYkNFHQE\\HVQHKkNPROGXXJEWHNPWWHINP]5XV\DGDK
NHPkOPX]DIIHU\HWOHOHUOHPHNGHGHYDPH\OHPHNGHGU
+HUKkOGH.W
O$PkUH
QQPGDIDDVKXVXVXQGDJ|VWHUOHQPXNkYHPHWGOvUkQHQ
JO] WDUK DVNHUvVQGH JD\U NkEO QV\kQ YH WDKDWWXUX GDPD PFE HUHI YH kQ RODQ
KkWUkWEUDNDFDNGU

+5079B

195

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

70

'+)5

'+)5BE

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%856$
'$(651*/=*(1(5$//(5d1
+$=,5/$1$1+$1(

(VLUHGLOHQQJLOL]JHQHUDOOHULQLQRWXUPDVLLQ%XUVD
GDRQDOWRGDOELUHYLQRWX]
LNLOLUDFUHWLOHNLUDODQSKHUWUOPDO]HPHVL\OHKD]UODQPROGXXQXQ%XUVD
9DOLOLL
QGHQELOGLULOGLL

0D\V

7HOJUDIQkPH
'HYOHW2VPDQ\\H3RVWDYH7HOJUDIYH7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHF%XUVD
1XPDUD
7DUK>@

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
$GHG
&0D\VVHQH>@(PYkOPHWUXNHGHQHQPQDVEKkQHOHUHYYHOFHFKHWDVNH
U\HFHNDUDPHQ]OKDWODUoQJDOROXQPXYHHO\HYPEXQODUQFPOHVQH0HQ]OGDUHVQ
FHO]XPROPDGJ|UOPHNGHEXOXQPXROGXXQGDQG|UWKkQHQQWDKO\HYH*HQHUDOOHUoQ
K]kUROXQPDN]HUHWHVOP.DUD0HQ]O+DWODU.XPDQGDQO
QDWHEOROXQXSEXEkEGD
NHQGOHUQHHPUYHUOPHVGH)UND.XPDQGDQO
QD\D]OPVHGHKHQ]EXKkQHOHUWHV
OPHGOPHPGU$QFDNYOD\HWoHEXEkEGDJ|VWHUOHQPNOkWPDOXPROGXXQGDQHYYHOFH
YXNXEXODQHPUkOvOHUQHPWVkOHQEUWHGEUKW\kWvRODUDNPXNDGGHPkRWHOWWKk]ROXQ
PX NHQ E
OkKDUH VDKE WDUDIQGDQ NDSDWODQRQ DOW RGDO GHYkUH PQNDVP PNHPPHO
PHIUXYHPXQWD]DP-DQGDUPDGDUHVQFHPXKDID]DVkVkQRODFDEOGUOHQJ]HOEUKkQH
FPOHVEUONGHNDPHWHWPHN]HUHRWX]NOUDFkUOHWXWXOXSKHUWUOOHYk]P\ODKD]U
ODQPROGXX
)v0D\VVHQH>@
%XUVD9DOVQDPQD
.DG6OH\PDQ

'+)5

197

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

71

'+)5B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'
10868/
$*g7h5h/0(6

*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGLOHLNLDUNDGDQQ6YDUL.D\PDNDPVKDN%H\
LQQH]UHWLQ
GH0XVXO
DJHWLULOGLL

0D\V

'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\H
3RVWDYH7HOJUDIYH7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHF0XVXO
1XPDUD
7DUK>@
IUH
0VWDFHOGU

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
QH
1XPDUD '|UW  QJO] *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG OH N UHIvN 6YDU .D\PDNDP VKDN
%H\
QPXKDID]DVQGDPGPXYkVDODWHWGOHU
)v0D\VVHQH>@
9DOQDPQD
HUI0XKWkU

'+)5B

.XW
O$PDUHGHHVUDOQDQQJO]*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGQVWDQEXODJHWUO
%UQF'Q\D+DUE$OEP
*HQHONXUPD\%DNDQO$VNHU7DUKYH6WUDWHMN(WW $7$6( 'DUH%DNDQO$UY

199

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

72

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(5
1.7h
/$05(0$/8%<(7
1('$5
+2//$1'$%$6,1,1'$d,.$1%$=,'((5/(1'50(/(5

.W
O$PUH
GH*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQEWQDVNHUELUOLNOHUL\OHELUOLNWH7UNOHUH
WHVOLP ROPDVQQ QJLOWHUH
QLQ 2VPDQO QH]GLQGHNL QIX]XQD OGUF ELU GDUEH
YXUGXXQDGDLU+ROODQGD
QQ1LHXZH5RWWHUGDPHFKH/LEHUDOJD]HWHVLQLQ0D
\VWDULKOLDNDPQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]
.W
O$PUH
GHNLQJLOL]2UGXVX
QXQ7UNOHUHWHVOLPROPDVQQPDQHYLDGDQRN
QHPOLROGXXQDYH%DGDW
DNDU\DSODQEXJLULLPLQGHDQDNNDOH
GHNLJLELELU
PDFHUDGDQLEDUHWNDOGQDGDLU1LHXZH&RXUDQWJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]
.W
O$PUH
GH *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG
LQ 7UNOHUH WHVOLP ROPDV RQ  ELQ NLL
QLQND\EHGLOPHVL\DQQGDQJLOL]OHULLQE\NELUPDQHYNROGXX*HOLEROX
PDOXEL\HWLQGHQ VRQUD 7UNOHU WDUDIQGDQ LNLQFL NH] QJLOL]OHUH E\N ELU GDUEH
YXUXOGXX YH EX \HQLOJLQLQ *HOLEROX KH]LPHWLQGHQ GDKD D] IHFL ROPDGQD GDLU
)DWKHUODQGJD]HWHVLQLQ1LVDQWDULKOLVDEDKQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]
8]XQ]DPDQGDQEHULKLELUFHSKHGHGPDQODUQDWHVOLPROPD\DQQJLOL]NXYYHW
OHULQLQ.W
O$PUH
GH7UNOHUHWHVOLPROPDVQQPDQHYDGDQHWNLVLQLQE\N
RODFDQDGDLU+DQGHOVEODGJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLDNDPQVKDVQGDNDQ
\D]
.W
O$PUH
QLQGQQQJLOL]WDULKLQGHVL\DKELUOHNHRODUDNNDODFDQDGDLU
5DFSXW&DWROLFDJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]

0D\V

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
+ROODQGDJD]HWHOHUQGHJ|UOHQkWvGHNINDUkWQPDWEkWOHQHUUFDROXQXU
1HXZH5RWWHUGDPHFKH/EHUDOJD]HWHVQQ0D\VWDUKODNDPQVKDVQGD*HQHUDO
7RZQVKHQG
QEWQNWDkW\OD7UNOHUHWHVOPROPDVOHQJOWHUH
QQ2VPDQOODUQGQGHN
QIX]XQDPKONEUGDUEHXUXOPXGXU7RZQVKHQG%DGDG
EDWHWHQ]DEWHWPHN]HUHV
UDWOH %DGDG
D OHUOHPHN VW\RUGX /kNQ QJO]OHU 6HOPDQSDN
GD PDOXE HGOHUHN QKD\HW
.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXUNDOGODU(HUQJO]OHUEXKDWDODUQWDPUHWPHNDU]XHG\RUODUVD
SHNoRNXUDPDNPHFEXU\HWQGHGUOHU
1HXZH&RXUDQWJD]HWHVQQPXKDUUUDVNHUvV0D\VWDUKODNDPQVKDVQGD.
W
O$PkUH
GHJHoHQYXNXkWHKHPP\HWV]WHODNNHWPHNOk]PGHOGU+XVXVX\ODEUQJ

201

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

O] RUGXVXQXQ7UNOHUH WHVOP ROPDVQQ PDQDV PDQHYv QRNWD QD]DUGDQ JD\HW E\NGU
%XYDNDQJOWHUH
QQDOH
OHNVHUYXNXDJHOHQPVWHPOHNkWVHIHUOHUQGHYHWDUKV\DVvYH
DVNHUvVQGHEHONQJOWHUHoQ\HJkQHEkGvEKHRODFDNEUKkGVHGUdDQDNNDOH
\HNDU
GHQ]GHQYH*HOEROX
\DNDUNDUDGDQFUDHGOHQVHIHUEU>VHU@J]HWGHQEDUHWG%D
GDG
DNDUWHHEEVHGOHQGDUEHGDKEUVHUJ]HWGHQEDUHWNDOG*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
H
]kPHGOHQNXYk\PGDG\\HOHUQPHVkvVGHJD\UPVPUVHUJ]HWOHUP\kQQDJUG
QJO]OHUQPG\HNDGDU7UNOHUHNDUEWQWHHEEVOHUQGHHVDVOVXUHWGHK]kUkWGDEX
OXQDPDGNODUQKHUH\VEDWHG\RU%XUDGDHQPKPRODQNH\I\HWEUQJO]RUGXVXQXQ
7UNOHUHWHVOPROPDVQGDQWHYHOOGHGHQWHVUGU
)DWKHUODQG JD]HWHVQQ  1VDQ >@ WDUKO VDEDK QVKDVQGDQ *HQHUDO 7RZQV
KHQG
Q7UNOHUHWHVOPNH\I\HWRQoEQNQQ]\k\DQQGDQJO]OHUoQE\NEU
VXNWPDQHYvGUdQN*HQHUDO$\OPHU*RUUQJHYH/DNH
QQHPUOHUDOWQGDEUEUDUND
VQDJGHQNXYYHPGDG\\HQQPHVkvVE\NIHGDNkUONODUDPDOROGX*HOEROXPDOXE
\HWQGHQVRQUD7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQNQFGHIDRODUDNQJO]OHUHPKPEUGDUEHXUXOGX
$\QJD]HWHQQVDEDKQVKDVQGD'FOHWHHEEVKHUKkOGH*HOEROXKH]PHWQGHQD]
IHFGHOGU
+DQGHOVEODGJD]HWHVQQ0D\VDNDPNQVKDVQGD*HQHUDO*RUGRQ
XQ+DUWXP
GD
NWHVOPQGHQEHUYH\QH$PDMXED
GD%RHUOHUQGGHWOVXUHWGHQJO]OHUHGDUEHXUGXX
]DPDQGDQ EHU KoEU QJO] NXYYHW GPDQD WHVOP ROPDP G /kNQ EX KkGVH \DOQ]
WHVOPNH\I\HWGROD\V\ODGHOIDNDWKXVOHJHWUHFHWHVUkWPDQHY\\HWEDU\ODE\N
EUHKHPP\HWKD]GU
5DFSXW&DWROFDJD]HWHVQQ0D\VWDUKOQVKDVQGDQQJOWHUH
QQEXPXKDUHEHGH
IDHWGYD]IHGH.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXQJO]WDUKQGHV\DKEUOHNHRODUDNNDODFDNWU
)v0D\VVHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPvVWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

+5079

202

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7HVOPDOQDQQJO]HVUOHUQGHQEUNDIOH
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

203

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

73

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=$9$0.$0$5$6,
1'$,5$.6()(5
+$..,1'$<$3,/$1278580

.W
O$PUH PXKDVDUDVQQ 
QFL JQQGH QJLOL] $YDP .DPDUDV
QGD ,UDN
6HIHULKDNNQGD\DSODQRWXUXPGDNDWOPFODUQVHIHULLQJHUHNOLRODQFHSKQH
QLQ\HWHUOLROPDGJQGHULOHQ\DUGPNXYYHWOHULQLQ]DPDQQGDJQGHULOPHGLL
\DDQODQVNQWODUQ+LQGLVWDQGDUHVLGQHPLQGHROGXXGROD\V\ODGDVRUXPOX
OXXQRQODUDDLWROPDVJHUHNWLL\ROXQGDNLHOHWLULOHULQHNDU+LQGLVWDQ8PUX
1]U&KDPEHUODLQ
LQYHUGLLFHYDSODUDGDLUQJLOWHUH
GH\D\QODQDQ'DLO\7HOHJ
UDSKJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ\D]

0D\V

>V@
QJO]0DWEkW'DO\7HOHJUDSKJD]HWHVQQ0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ
$YDP.DPDUDV
QQGQNFHOVHVQGH,UDN6HIHUKDNNQGDFHUH\kQHGHQPQkNDkW
0HEVkQGDQ&RORQHO3HWW
1DVOROXSGD,UDNVHIHUQGHVWPkOOk]PRODQFHSKkQHQQPNGDUPQDVEGHROPD
GYHQDVOROXSGD+QGVWDQGDUHVWDUDIQGDQ\DOQ]EUPHQGIHUPHPXUXOHEUPXkY
QQQVHYN\kWYHQDNO\kWWHPQHGHEOHFHQPDKDOOQGHQE
VVXDO+QGVWDQ
QGDK/OR\G
*HRUJHJEEU]kWDKW\DFROGXX]kKUROGXXQXEH\kQH\OHPHV]HUQHPHFOVUHV
$VkOHWOUHIvNQQ+QGVWDQ
DDGXPUOHWJkOHWPHVXVUDGDFD]RODPD\DFDQ
V|\OHPVHGH&RORQHO3HWWV|]QGHGHYDPOH
>V@
,UDNVHIHUQHWUDNHGHQDVkNUQPHWkQHWYHHFkDWOHUQQPFEPHIKDUHWROGXXYH
.W
O$PkUHPXKDVDUDVQQEXJQ
QFJQQHGDKOROGXNODUQYH+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QQ
EXVDKQHKDUEHNXYk\PGDG\\HJ|QGHUPHNGHROGXXQXWGNOHUQYHIDNDWEXNXYYH
PGDG\\HQQEXQGDQHYYHOROVDKQHKDUEHQHoQJ|QGHUOPHGQKDONQEOPHNVWHG
QV|\OHPYHEXDUDONV|]DODQ0VWHU&KDPEHUODQUHIvNQQEH\kQkWQDWUDNOH
,UDN VHIHUQH OWKDN HGHQ JHUHN +QGO YH JHUHN QJO] DVNHUQ WHVDGI H\OHGNOHU
HQYkPNOkWDUDPHQJ|UGNOHUPKPOHUQFGGHQPFEWDNGUYHWHHNNUD]vP
ROGXXQXYHIDNDW+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QEXVHIHUHDGED]KXVXVkWGDQGROD\WHQNGYHPXkKD
]HHWPHNGHUHIvNQQKDNORODPD\DFDQ]Uk+QGVWDQ1H]kUHWEX,UDNVHIHUQQWHUWEYH
GDUHVKXVXVXQGDDQFDNXVRQ]DPDQODUGD+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QHGHYUH\OHGQYH+QGVWDQ
GDUHV
QQYD]IHVQKVQVXUHWOHIDHGSHWPHGQEOPH]VHGHEXVHIHUQk\kQPXk
KD]HRODQDNVkPGDKRYDNW+QGVWDQGDUHVDOWQGDEXOXQGXXFKHWOHPHVXO\HWQ+DUE
\H1H]kUHW
QHGHO+QGVWDQGDUHV
QHDGROPDVOk]PJHOHFHQYH,UDNVHIHUQQNoN

205

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

PN\kVGDEUWDNPKDUHNkWDVNHU\\HOHEDODGQYHIDNDWE
OkKDUHNHVEWHYHVVOH
HNOKk]UQNWVkEH\OHGQYHEXVHIHU
>V@
GDUHVQQ PG +DUE\H 1H]kUHW\OH (UNkQ +DUE\H +H\HW
QH KDYDOH HGOPHVQQ
k\kQPHPQXQ\HWROGXXQXYH&RORQHO3HWW
QEDKVH\OHGPDO]HPHDVNHU\HQQQRN
VDQ YH 0HGk\Q ]HUQH RODQ KDUHNHWGH PNGDU NkI DVNHU EXOXQGXUXOPDG PHVHOHVQH
JHOQFH 0VWHU &KDPEHUODQ KDUHNkW DVNHU\HQQ GHYDP H\OHG EU ]DPDQGD EX KDUHNkW
KDNNQGDYHEXKDUHNkWQQHJEHUkLWDOWQGDFUDHGOGQHGDU]DKkWYHUPHNOQQP
QDVERODPD\DFDQEH\kQOH&RORQHO3HWW
QEXOHUKDUHNHWQFUDVoQOk]PJHOHQNXY
YHWQWHPQPDNVDGDNkIROGXXQDGDUPHYFXGRODQINUEkWODVNHUvOHEX0HGk\Q
VHIHUQH JUOGQ ]DQ YH WDKPQ OH DOGDQP ROGXXQX YH ,UDN EDNXPDQGDQ\OD JHUHN
+QGVWDQ
GDYHJHUHNQJOWHUH
GHEXOXQDQPHUk\DVNHU\HQQFPOHVQQVWKVkOUH\
OHYHHOGHEXOXQDQNXYk\DVNHU\\HOH%DGDG
DGRUXKDUHNHWHGOGQYH&RORQHO3H
WW
QGHGYHFKOHDGHPWHNHPPOOHYk]PDVNHU\\HGHGHODFQDFDNEUKkOGHEXOXQDQ
KDVWDKkQHWHNODWQGDROGXXQXYH,UDNVHIHUQQQHJEPNOkWD]vPH\NWKkPOHFUD
HGOGQPXKWHUHPPHFOVKH\HWQHGHUKkWUHWGUPHNkIJ|UHUHNEXVHIHUHDGVWKEkU
H\OHGk\kQWHOHKKIEUoRNKXVXVkWKDNNQGDEXUDGD]DKkWYHUPHNPQDVERODPD\D
FDQV|\OHPGU
>V@
0VWHU&KDPEHUODQ%DVUD
GDO]XPXQGDQEDNDYHKW\DFkWDPDD]\DGHWQNkIPN
GDUGDPDO]HPHWEE\\HEXOXQGXXQXYHIDNDWGDKDoHUOHUGHKDVWDKkQHWHNODWQQFGGHQ
k\kQHVHIEUKkOGHROGXXQXVWKEkUH\OHGUIHNkVQDEOGUPYHGHPGUN
%Xk\kQWHHVVIDKYkOQYXNXXQDQHKUPQkNDOkWQGDWHVDGIHGOHQPNOkWVH
EHEROPXGXU.kEOVH\UYHJD\HWD]VXoHNHUQDNO\HVHIDQWHGkUNWHEXPNOkWQ
EDOFDODUQGDQEUQWHNOHGHU
+NPHWEXJEPHUkNEVDvUHEDKU\\H\NVPHQ0VUYHNVPHQ+QGVWDQ
GDQ
WHGDUNH\OH\HEOPVHGHQkQHEHGWkOROPDN]HUHEXQODUGDQNVPD]DP'FOH
\H
HVQD\QDNOOHUQGHJDUNYH\D]k\ROPXODUGU
&HUH\kQHGHQk\kQWHHVVIDKYkOKDNNQGDWDKNNkWFUDVYHEXJEDKYkOQWHNHUU
QHPH\GDQYHUOPHPHNoQOk]PJHOHQYHVkWHWHYHVVOH\OHPHOHU]PQQGDKNPHWEU
DVNHUvYHGHUPON\HGHQROPDN]HUH*HQHUDO6U:OODP9QFHQWJENPDUI]kW
,UDN
DJ|QGHUPGU
+HUKkOGHPGROXQXUNEXEkEGDOk]PJHOHQVODKDWE
OFUDDKYkOVkENDQQWH
NHUUUQHDUWNPDKDONDOPD]*HQHUDO VON WQDOHEDNOGYHDKYkOVKK\HOHUPFE
PHPQXQ\HWEUKkOGHROGXXQGDQEkKV
>V@
RODQEUWHOJUDI,UDN+H\HW6HIHU\\HV%DNXPDQGDQO+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QHJ|QGH
UHUHNFPOHP]PHVUUHWPGU

206

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1HU ROXQDQ WHEOJkW UHVP\HQQ ED] NHUHOHU EUD] PEKHP ROPDVQD UDPHQ ,UDN
DKYkOQQPFEHQGHGHOEHONGHEkGvPHPQXQ\HWEUKkOGHGHYDPH\OHPHNGHROGX
XQGDQD]k\NUDPQPVWHUvKRODEOHFHNOHUQYHKDONQEUURPDQWDU]QGDWHUWEHGOP
RODQYHKHUJQWHOV]WHOJUDDUODEXPHPOHNHWHJHOHQ,UDNVHIHUKDNNQGDN7UNYH$OPDQ
larQJ\DUHVPvRODQWHEOJkWQFGG\HWOHQD]DUGNNDWHDOPDPDODUOk]PJHOGQYHRUD
GDNNXYk\DVNHU\\HOHEXNXYk\DVNHU\\HQQKDUHNkWKDNNQGDWDIVODWYHUOPHVKkOYH
PHYNKDVHE\OHPPNQRODPD\DFDQ]vUkDNVWDNGUGHDKDOQQPHUDN]kOHROXQPDNOD
EHUDEHU GPDQQ GDK YHUOHFHN WDIVODWGDQ PVWHIvG RODEOHFH EHGvKv RODFDQ PHFOVH
EOGUPGU
%UVWRO0HEVX0VWHU+XEKRXVH
7DIVODWkQIHGHQ.DPDUD
QQSHN]\DGHVWIDGHH\OHGQEH\kQOH%DGDG
DGRUX
KDUHNHWQEDNXPDQGDQYHPHUk\DVNHU\\HVQQWHQVEYHFKOHFUDROXQGXXKDNNQGD
NEH\kQkWQGRUXVXNHQGVQGokUKD\UHWH\OHGQ]vUk%DGDGHKUQQ|\OHRQYH\D
\UPEQNOH]DEWQDN\kPVUIEUFQQHWROGXXQXYHE|\OHXIDNEUNXYYHDVNHU\\H
OHEXKDUHNHWHFUHWQQDVOROXSGDPHUk\DVNHU\\HQQWHQVvEYHPXYDIDNDWQDNWUkQ
H\OHGQEUWUO
>V@
DQODPDGQEH\kQYH0VWHU&KDPEHUODQ
QGHGYHFKOH,UDN
GDFHUH\kQHGHQ\RO
VX]OXNODU KDNNQGD WDKNNkW YH WHGNNkW FUDV Ok]P ROGXXQX YH EX DKYkO HVHIWPkOH
VHEHE RODQODUQ GGHWOH WHF]\HV Ok]P JHOGQ W\kQ H\OHP YH EX DUDON V|]H NDUDQ
.UNFDOG\0HEVX6U'DO]HO
dDQDNNDOHKDNNQGDGDKWDKNNkWFUDHGOHFHNG+DOEXNKoEUH\\DSOPDGGHP
YHEXQDFHYDEHQ0VWHU+XEKRXVH
+oROPD]VDPGNDUP]GDJ|VJHUHUHNWDKNNkWFUDHGOHFHQV|\OH\HQJD\
UHWOEUQk]UYDU5RPDQWDU]QGD\D]OGEH\kQROXQDQ7UNWHEOJkWUHVP\HVKHUKkOGH
E]P+DUE\H1H]kUHWP]WDUDIQGDQQHUROXQDQWHEOJkWGDQGDKDVDUvKYHGDKDD]PXvQ
GkUkQHEUVXUHWOHWHUWEROXQPDNGDGU
+NPHWQ ,UDN VHIHU KDNNQGD PDOXPkW NkI\H YHUPHV DU]X ROXQXU H\OHUGHQGU
'PDQQEOGH\OHUE]GHQVDNODPDNGDQQHND]DQODEOU"
0VWHU &KDPEHUODQ GHPGU N +HU KkOGH GPDQ E]P WHOHIkWQ PNGDUQ E]OHU
NDGDUEOPH]YHEOHPH]
0VWHU+XEKRXVHFHYDEHQ2KkOGH7UNOHU+DUE\H1H]kUHWP]QPXYDIIDNROGXX
EUoRNKXVXVkWGDJ|VWHUGNOHUKkUNXOkGHVDEHWWDKPQYHKVQWDNGUGHQGROD\WHEUN
HWPHNOP]Ok]PJHOUGHPYHFHOVH\HJUOWOHUYHSDWUGODUOHKWDPYHUOPGU

+5079B

207

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

74

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$/0$1)5$1.)857(5=(781**$=(7(6
1'(.
'((5/(1'50(/(5

,UDN
WDNLQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQLQVHYNLUDQ
GD5XVODUQDVNHUKDUHNHWOHULYHQJLOWH
UH
QLQSR]LV\RQX9RQGHU*ROW]3DD
QQVDYDLOHLOJLOLKHVDEYHWDKPLQOHULLOH
7UN(UPHQLVWDQ
QGDNLVDYDGXUXPXKDNNQGD$OPDQ\D
QQ)UDQNIXUWHU=HLWXQJ
JD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGD\D\QODQDQELU\D]

0D\V

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
0D\VVHQH


$OPDQ0DWEkW
DUNGDYD]\HWKDUE\H,UDN
GDYD]\HWVHYNX
OFH\\\HUDQ
GD5XVODUQKDUHNkWDVNHU\\HVUDQ
GDQ
JOWHUHYH5XV\D9RQGHU*ROW]3DD
QQKHVkEkWYHWDKPQkW7UN(UPHQVWDQ
QGDYD]
\HWKDUE\H
)UDQNIXUWHU=HWXQJJD]HWHVQQ0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOQVKDVQGDQ
.W
O$PkUH
GH 2VPDQO 2UGXVX WDUDIQGDQ KUk] ROXQDQ PX]DIIHU\HW VHYNX
OFH\
QRNWD QD]DUQGDQ EU VOVOH KDUHNkWQ KWDP YH \HQ EUYD]\HW FH\\\HQQ EGk\HW
GHPHNGUQJO]OHUoQPGHQ]\DGHKD]HKHPP\HWRODQPHVHOH%DVUD
\DNDUYXNXX
PXKWHPHORODQEU7UNWDDUUX]XQXDNvPYHVHPHUHV]EUDNDFDNoDUHOHUWDKDUUvYHWHPQ
H\OHPHNGU

KWLPDONRQODUEXPDNVDGOH.XUQD
\DNDGDUoHNOHFHNOHUGU=Uk
>V@
RUDGDQGU N QJO]OHU HO\HYP ,UDN
GD EXOXQGXUPDNGD ROGXNODU NXYYHW N NVPD
D\UPDDPHFEXUNDOPDNV]QKHP'FOHYHKHP)UDWKDY]DODUQKkNP\HWDVNHU\\HOHU
DOWQGDWXWPDDPXYDIIDNYHNkGURODFDNODUGU
9kNk QJO]OHUQ %DVUD KDYDOVQGH JDO HWGNOHU PHYN $UND%DVUD WDUvNQGHQ
WDNUvEHQHOONORPHWUHEXGPHVDIHGHNDQGU7UNOHUQ$UND
QQ|WHVQHEURUGXVHYNHWPH
OHUKkOQGHQJO]OHUEkOkGDNWDUvNPXKDID]DYHPGDIDDoQ\DNXYYHDVO\HOHUQGHQP
KPNXYYHWOHUIUk]YHWHIUvNHWPHNYH\DPkOHGRUXEUGDKDVDUNPDPDNDUW\OD%DVUD
\D
NDGDUUFDWH\OHPHNNODUQGDQEUQKW\kUGDPX]WDUNDODFDNGU

209

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

2QODUEUNHUH%DVUD
\DoHNOGNGHQVRQUDHYYHOk%DVUD=EH\U KDWWQVkQv\HQDW
WX
O$UDE
Q VNk YH UYk HWG KDYDO VDKO\\H\ YH VkOVHQ KDYDO PH]NUH\ \DQD UDEW
HGS0XKDPPHUHGHQJHoHQWDUvNPXYkVDOD\PXKDID]DHWPHHPXNWHGURODFDNODUGU
7UNOHUQYkVPN\kVGDEUKDUHNHWWDDUUX]\\HFUDVQDNkGUROXSROPDGNODUQD
>V@
YHEX\ROGDEUKDUHNHWQ$V\D\2VPDQv
GHFUDHGOPHNGHYHHGOHFHNRODQVDUKD
UHNkWDVNHU\\HoQHYYHOFHNDUDUODGUODQSODQODUOHQHGHUHFH\HNDGDUNkEOWHOIEXOXQ
GXXQDGDUHOP]GHNPDOXPkWSHNQkNVYHQkWDPDPROPDVQDEQkHQNDWvEUINUKkVO
YHEH\kQHWPHNPGONPPWHQGU
UDQDUD]VoQGHQJHoPHNOH5XVODUQ,UDNGkUX
OKDUEQGH2VPDQO2UGXVX
QXWHKGG
HWPHNPDNVDGQWDNEHWGNOHUPXKDNNDNGU/kNQEXPGDGODUJHoNDOGWOkIPDWEkW
KHUNHVQNROD\FDDQOD\DEOHFHHVEkEGDQGROD\5XVODUQUDQDUD]VGDKOQGHQPUUVX
UHW\OHJDUEDGRUXWHYHFFKHGHQOHUKDUHNHWOHUQ7UNOHUoQYDKPYHWHKONHOEUYDND
RODUDNJ|VWHUPHHoDOPODUGU
+DOEXNE],UDN
GDQHO&H]vUHUDQKXGXGXER\XQFDVDUSYHPHQkDWVOVOHFEkOQ
PWGkGKDVHE\OH5XVODUQWHFDY]Q|WHGHQEHUXQXWPDGN7UNOHU.W
O$PkUH hava
OVQGHVHUEHVWvKDUHNHWOHUQVWKVkOGHQVRQUD.UPDQDK
GDQ.Q\HWDUvN\OD,UDNKWWDVQD
DNQ
>V@
5XVODUQQD]DUQGDHVNNXYYHFk]EHVQJkEHWPROVDJHUHNGU
7UN\H
QQQJOWHUH
\HNDUKUk]HWGJDOE\HW2VPDQOOQDUNGDNHUHIYHQ
IX]XQX IHYNDOkGH Ok YH WH]\vG OH NDOPD\DFDNGU %X YDND KDUE\\H ,UDN
D PWHYHFFK
RODQ5XVRUGXODUQQKXWWPQkNDOHYHPXYkVDODVQE\NEUWHKGGYHWHKONH\HPDU]
EUDNPDNJEVUIDVNHUOHDGEUWHVUGDKFUDHGHFHNGU
dQN$]HUED\FDQ.UGVWDQUDQYH/XUVWDQFKHWOHUQGHVkNQDNYkPYHNDEkOV
\DVHWHQ]DvIROGXNODUoQDQFDNNXYYHWWDQUODU.XYYHWOUDNvEGHQKDQJVQGDKDNXYYHWO
J|UUOHUVHEHKHPHKkORQXQWDUDIQOW]kPHGHUOHU
+DOEXNEXJQHQNXYYHWOWDUDI2VPDQOODUGU%QkHQDOH\K5XVRUGXODUQQJHUVQ
GHN KXWW PXYkVDOD\D QHYDQPk KkNP RODQ YH PG\H NDGDU 5XVODUD NDU ]kKUv EU
PXKDEEHWYHWHYHFFKJ|VWHUHQNDEkOYHDkUQEXWDYUYHYD]ODUQGDDQNDUvEHVDVOEU
WDKDYYOQKXVOQHQW]kUHWPHNOk]PGU
UDQ
GDN5XVKDUHNkWDVNHU\HVQQVXUHWFHUH\kQYHQNkI
>V@
5XV\D
QQRUDGDEUWDNPPDNkVGKRGJkPkQH\WHPQHVkvROGXXQXJ|VWHUPHN
* Metinde sehven Sbeyr yazlmtr.

210

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

GHGU
5XVODUVHUvYHPHVVUEUPXkYHQHWHPXKWDoRODQQJO]OHUQPGDGQDEWQNXYYHW
OHU\OH.UPDQDKWDUvNOHWkEkQRODFDN\HUGHUDQDUD]VGDKOQGHNXYYHWOHUQGDWPDOD
UYHEXQGDQEURUGX\X,VIDKDQ
DYHDOHEKWPDOHJ|UH.UPDQ
DGDKN,VIDKDQ
QFHQE
DUNvVQGHNkQGUVHYNHWPHOHUEkOkGDPGGHkP]QVKKDWQVEDWHGHQGHOkOGHQGU
%XWDU]KDUHNHWROVDROVDUDQ
GDN5XVPQWNDQIX]XQXEVEWQ5XVKkNP\HW
DOWQDDOPDNYHFHQEDGRUXWHYVvH\OHPHNHPHOYHDU]XVXQDWHEDDQKW\kUROXQPXGXU
5XVODUYHQJO]OHUQEUEUQHHQGRVWkQHWHPQkWYHUPHOHUQHUDPHQUDQNGHYOHWPHQk
IQHHQEvDPDQEUVXUHWGHoDUSPDNGDROGXXEUVDKDNDOPDNGDQNXUWXODPD\DFDNWU
5XV\D%DVUD.|UIH]YH\D%DKU8PPDQ]HUQGHEUOPDQHOGHHWPHGNoHUDQ
GD
WHPHOONHWGDUD]YVkWvQHROXUVHROVXQNHQGVoQ
>V@
DQFDNNDOvOEUN\PHWKD]RODFDNGU+DOEXN5XV\D
QQFHQEGHQ]OHUQHNDGDUVR
NXOPDDPXYDIIDNROPDVWDNGUQGHKHPQJOWHUH
QQ.XYH\WOH+QGVWDQDUDVQGDGR
UXGDQ GRUX\D EU WDUvN PXYkVDOD WHVVQH PDWI kPkOQ ]vU  ]HEHU HGHFHN KHP %DVUD
.|UIH]
QGHNQJO]KkNP\HWPXWODNDVQFGGvEUWHKGGDOWQGDEXOXQGXUDFDNGUNQ
JOWHUH
QQEXQDWDKDPPOHWPHVNDEOGHOGU
+HUKkOGH5XV\D
QQUDQFKHWOHUQGHDoNGHQ]HXODPDNKXVXVXQGDNDU]XYHHPHO
OHUUDQ
GDWHYHVVYHQNkIHWPHNGHRODQKDUHNkWDVNHU\\H]HUQGHIHYNDOkGHEUWHVU
YHQIX]FUDVQGDQKDONDOPD\DFDNGU
9RQGHU*ROW]3DD
QQYHIDWQkJHKkQvVPkUXQOH\K,UDNKDYDOVQGHDWPROGX
X WRKXPXQXQ KXVOQ GHYUPHN VDDGHWQGHQ PDKUXP EUDNG .W
O$PkUH
QQ VXNWX
*ROW]3DD
QQEDGH
OPHYWND]DQGEUPX]DIIHU\HWGU
0kUXQOH\K5XVRUGXODUQQPDKVXUQJO]2UGXVX
QXQPXkYHQHWQH
>V@
YDNW]DPkQQGD\HWHPH\HFHQSHNGRUXWDKPQYHKHVDEHWPG%XVD\HGHGU
N,UDN
GDN2VPDQOKDUHNkWDVNHU\\HVVDUFHEKHOHUGHEXOXQDQRUGXODUGDQPKPNXY
YHWOHUQIUk]QDO]XPKkVOROPDNV]QKHPWHGEUYHKW\kWDPXYkINYHKHPPHVVUEU
PXYDIIDN\HWEDKVHYNYHGDUHROXQDEOPGU
*ROW]
D KDOHI RODQ ]kW KDUHNkW DVNHU\HQQ PHUNH] VNOHWQ ,UDN
GD P EUDNPDN
\RNVD*DUEvUDQ
GDPQWNDOHWGUPHNGDKDPXYkINYHPQDVERODFDPHVHOHVQKDOOHW
PHNYD]IHV\OHPNHOOHIRODFDNGU
%XEkEGDYHUOHFHNNDUDUDDQFDNEUNDoKDIWDYH\DEUNDoD\VRQUDPXWWDORODEOHFH
]
7UN(UPHQVWDQ
QGDHO\HYPKHUH\KHQ]GHYUHWHGDUNYHK]kUGDEXOXQX\RU5XV

211

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

HUNkQKDUEH\kOkWDUN\\H2VPDQ\\HGHNPHYDNQYD]\HWKDNN\\HFRUDI\\H
VQQDKDOFHSHND]PDOXPROPDVQDJYHQHUHN(UPHQVWDQKDUHNkW
>V@
KDNNQGDD]oRNKD\DOvYHPEkODDOWHEOJkWGDEXOXQX\RU
0HVHOD0D\VWDUKOWHEOGH.D]DNODUP]'\DUEHNUVWNkPHWQGHQJDUEDGR
UXNHPkOVUDWYHGGHWOHOHUOHPHNGHGUGHQO\RU+DOEXN7UNFHEKHV0XYH6UG
FYDUQGDNVOVOHFEkOQ]UYHOHUQWDNEHGHQEUKDWWPHIU]PWGkGQFDX]DQ\RU'
\DUEHNUHKUVHEXKDWWQWDNUvEHQ\]NORPHWUHJHUVQGHGU
6DFHQDKGD5XVODU7UDE]RQ
XQFHQEJDUEvVQGHNkQ$UGD*HoG
QHGRUX\HUND
]DQPDD oDO\RUODU 0DNVDGODU \HQ EU VV
OKDUHNH WHVV YH WHPQ HWPHNGHQ ]\DGH
7UDE]RQ
XNDUDFKHWQGHQWHKGGHGHEOHFHNPHKkONEHUWDUDIH\OHPHNROVDJHUHNGU

+5079B

.XDWPDGDQ|QFHWRSUDNO.W
O$PkUHHKUQQNHUSoHYOHUQGH
NRWXUX\RUGX

212

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$OWQF2UGX.XPDQGDQ+DOO3DD
,'Q\D+DUE\OODUQGD\D\QODQDQ+DUE0HFPXDVQGDIRWRUDIoQXIDGHOHUNXOODQOPWU%UHO.W
O
$PkUH
GHGPDQERD]QGDEUHO)HODK\H
GHGPDQJ|VQGHD\ODUFDoDOW+DNNQ\DUGPRQXHPHOQGH
PXYDIIDNHWW=DIHUKDNNQGU1KD\HWE]PGUQDOODK
%UQJO]JD]HWHV7RZQVKHQG
\XNDUNoHUoHYHoQHDOPYH%DGDG
QPEDUHNPQDUHOHUQHDVWOHYKD\D,UDN
IDWK7RZQVKHQG\D]PW7RZQVKHQG
oNDUGN\DNDQPDK\D\NXUDUDNRUD\DHKOQNR\GXN
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

213

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

75

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

+$//3$$
<$$986785<$03$5$72587$5$),1'$1
&285211('()(51$1,9(5/0(6

$OWQF.RORUGX.RPXWDQ+DOLO3DD
\D$YXVWXU\DPSDUDWRUXWDUDIQGDQ&RXURQ
QH GH )HU QLDQ YHULOGLL V] NRQXVX QLDQ LOH EHUDWQQ $YXVWXU\D +DUEL\H
1H]UHWLDUDFO\ODJQGHULOHFHL

0D\V

1XPDUD
7DUK0D\VVHQH>@0D\V>@

>+XOkVD@+DOO3DD
\D$YXVWXU\D'HYOHW
WDUDIQGDQQDQYHUOGQHGDU

+DUF\H1k]U+DOO%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQGHQ+DUE\H1k]U(QYHU3DDKD]UHWOHUQH
+DPHWO $YXVWXU\D PSDUDWRUX KD]UHWOHU FkQEQGHQ $OWQF .RORUGX\ +Pk\Q
.XPDQGDQ+DOO3DD
\DEUQFUWEHGHQ&RXURQQHGH)HUQkQWkNOQGYHPH]NU
QkQOHEHUkWQQ$YXVWXU\D+DUE\H1H]kUHWYkVWDV\OD1H]kUHW&HOvOHOHUQHUVkONOQD
FD'HUVDkGHW6HIkUHW
QGHQkUHGOPGU2OEkEGD

+56<6B

215

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

76

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=0$7%8$7,1,1.7h
/$05(<(1/*61(
62580/8$5$0$6,

QJLOL]OHULQ .W
O$PUH \HQLOJLVLQGHQ DVNHUOHULQ PL VL\DVOHULQ PL VRUXPOX RO
GXXQXQ VRUJXODQG \D]GD EXUGDQ EDWD KDUEGH HPVDOL YDUGU GL\HUHN LL
JHLWLUPH\HDODQ%DEDNDQ$VTXLWKROPDN]HUHKLNLPVHQLQUDKDWV]RO
PDPDVJHUHNWLLQHGDLUQJLOWHUH
GH\D\QODQDQ0RUQLQJ3RVWJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ
EDPDNDOH

0D\V

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
0D\V>@WDUKO0RUQQJ3RVWJD]HWHVQQEDPDNDOHV

0HVXONPGU"
,UDNNXYYHVHIHU\\HVQQJHoHQVHQHQQ7HUvQ(YYHO
QGHQ.kQQ(YYHO
QKD\H
WQHNDGDUJ]HUkQHGHQPGGHW]DUIQGDNKDUHNkWQGDQEkKVRODQR]DPDQN%DNXPDQGDQ
*HQHUDO 1[RQ
XQ UDSRUX QKD\HW
OHPU QHU ROXQGX .kQQ (YYHO
Q o G N *HQHUDO
7RZQVKHQG DGHGHQ PWHIHYYN EU GPDQD NDU 6HOPDQSDN
GD PXKDUHEH HGS YH KDN
NDWHQGHKUk]PX]DIIHU\HWHWGNGHQVRQUDPDKDOOPH]NUGDQUFDWHWPEXOXQX\RUGX
IDNDW*HQHUDOQHUHGHWXWXQDEOHFHNGQKD\HW.W
O$PkUH
\HYDVOROGXYHEXUDGD\]NUN
o JQ WDKW PXKDVDUDGD NDOG .kQQ (YYHO
Q EHQGH G N *HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG 6HO
PDQSDN
Q RWX] PO DUNQGD EXOXQDQ$]]\\H PHYNQH PXYkVDODW H\OHP EXOXQX\RUGX
*HQHUDO1[RQEX]DPDQGDQWEDUHQKH\HWVHIHU\\HVQQWDUKQUDSRUXQGDWDIVOHG\RU
6HOPDQSDNPXKDUHEHVQ]DKH\O\RUYH.W
O$PkUH
\HUFDWWHUvKHG\RU*HQHUDOQWDI
VODWYHWHUvKkWQJO]2UGXVX
QXQWDUKQEOHQOHUFHSHN]\DGHV\OHK]QHQJv]GU*D\U
NkI VHYN\kW YH QDNO\kW EHUEDG OHYk]PDW VKK\\HV QRNVDQ YH EDOFD KDWDV GPD
QQPNGDUDGHGVQWDPDPHQYHVDKvKDQDQOD\DPD\DQEUNXYYHDVNHU\\HDGHGHQSHN
PWHIHYYNGPDQNDUVQDVHYNROXQX\RU*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q$]]\H
\HPXYkVDODWQD
NDGDUGPDQHIUkGQQPNGDUDGHGVQQ  EQGHQID]ODROGXXQXYH  WRSDPkON
EXOXQGXXQX DQOD\DPDP ROGXXQX YH NXYYH PGDG\\H EHNOHPHNGH EXOXQGXXQX *H
QHUDO 1[RQ UDSRUXQGD ]NU HG\RU +DOEXN *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG
Q PD\\HWQGHN NXYYH

217

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

DVNHU\\H GPDQ NXYYHWQQ QVI UkGGHVQGH EXOXQX\RUGX %XQGDQ EDND RODUDN *HQHUDO
7RZQVKHQG
QNXYYHWE|\OHQkNDIYHIHQDVXUHWGHWHFK]NOQDUDNEXGHUHFHPNOkWOH
PkOEUPHPOHNHWGDKOQGHYHEkKXVXVNXYYHWQkPDOXPEUGPDQDNDUVV
OKDUHNH
GHQ\]OHUFHPOX]DDVHYNROXQPDNKDWD\HVkVvVQGHQPWHYHOOG]WUkEkWYHkOkPoQGH
\XYDUODQSGXUX\RUGX
*HQHUDO 1[RQ HIUkGP]Q HFkDW YH IHGkNkUONODU KDNNQGD EH]O WDNGUkW HG\RU
(IUkGPH]NUHEXQFDFHVDUHWYHIHGDNkUONODUQDUDPHQKDUHNkWDVNHU\HQQHQPNOkW
OVRODQUFkWvEUQW]DPWkPGDKOQGHYHPXYDIIDN\HWOH\DSPODUGU*HQHUDO0HOOVV
Q
]vU NXPDQGDVQGD EXOXQDQ PXKWHOW OYk o JQ oQGH VHNVHQ POON \RO \UPOHU YH
EXP\kQGDGD.kQQ(YYHOPXKDUHEHVQGH\DSPODUGU.W
XQVXNWXQXYH*HQH
UDO7RZQVKHQGOHPD\\HWQGHNNXYYHWQHVkUHWQPWHkNE$YDP.DPDUDV
QGDEH\kQkWGD
EXOXQDQ%DYHNO$VTXWKEXYDNDGROD\V\ODPOOHWQK]QYHHOHPoQGHNDOGQYH
IDNDWE
OFPOHKDUEOHUGHEXQXQHPVDOQHPVkGIROXQGXXQXV|\OHG(YHW KDUEOHUGHEX
QXQHPVDOQHPVkGIROXQXU IDNDWQHGHQGUEOUPVQ]"0HKkIODGHVQQHKO\HWV]O
QGHQ$VTXWKEXQGDQHYYHONEH\kQkWQQ\HUQGH,UDNKH\HWVHIHU\\HVQQDDDOEU
PXYDIIDN\HWH NRGXXQX V|\OHPG HYHW EDYHNO EX |\OH EU PXYDIIDN\HWH NWUkQ HWG
NKGHPkWD]vPHV\OHRUGXGDWHPH\\]H\OHPHQPDKUEUNXPDQGDQOHPD\\HWQGHN
RUGX EXJQ HOP]GHQ oNP EXOXQX\RU YH WHYOvG HWP EXOXQGXX QHWk\F PHVVIHGHQ
EDNDQJO]QDPXVXQXGDOHNHGkUH\OHG.W
XQVXNWX\ODEHUDEHUSROWNDFODUGDWDKNNkW
NkOH\OHPHNYH*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QOHUOHPHVQGHQPWHYHOOGPHVXO\HWPPNQROXU
VDKH\HWDVNHU\\H\H\NOHWPHN]HUHYDUNXYYHWEk]\DYHUSkGHWOHURODQPDQHYUD\D
EDODGODU+]QYHHOHPoQGHNDODQPHPOHNHWHYYHOHQ.W
GDQ|WH\HOHUOHPHNoQNPQ
WDUDIQGDQHPUYHUOPROGXXQXVkQv\HQEXHPUQQHYDNWYHUOPROGXXQXYHVkOVHQ
HHUEXHPU*HQHUDO1[RQWDUDIQGDQYHUOPVHPkUXQOH\KKNPHWQdDQDNNDOH
\
WDKO\HHGHFHQGHQKDEHUGkUNOQSNOQPDPROGXXQXEOPHNVW\RU+QGVWDQ8PUX
1k]U0VWHU&KDPEHUODQWDUDIQGDQ1VDQ
QEHQGHSDUODPHQWRGDYXNXDJHOHQEH\kQkWGD
KNPHWQ %DGDG
D GRUX \UPH WDKW NDUDUD DOP ROGXX ]DPDQGD *HQHUDO7RZQV
KHQG
Q E|\OH EU NXYYH ]DvIH OH %DGDG ]HUQH \UPHQQ DGvP
OPNkQ ROGXX KDN
NQGDN WUD]QD YkNI EXOXQPDGQ RUWD\D oNDUG %
OkKDUH  1VDQ
GDN EH\kQkWQGD
VH.W
O$PkUHPXKDUHEHVQGHQVRQUD%DGDG]HUQH\UPHNoQONWHNOI\DSDQ]kWQ
*HQHUDO1[RQROGXXQXV|\OHG%XEH\kQkWNHQGVQHVRUXODQVXDOHPEk\QG6RUXODQ
VXDO .W
O$PkUH PXKDUHEHVQGHQ VRQUD GHO YH IDNDW EkGv HPUGH %DGDG
D \UPHN
]HUHHPUYHUHQPHVXO]kWNPG"/RUGVOQJWRQKNPHWQDPQD/RUGODU.DPDUDV
QGD
]DKkWYHUUNHQ %DGDG
D\UPHNGHQPWHYHOOGPHVXO\HWQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
HWHYHF
FKHWPH\HFHQYHDQFDN*HQHUDOQ,UDNYH+QG
GHEXOXQDQPHPXUvQDGHVQQWDVY

218

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

E\OHQJOWHUH+NPHWWDUDIQGDQDOGHPUHEQkHQKDUHNHWHWPROGXX ND\GQGHU
P\kQH\OHGWHEXNDUNEH\kQkWGDQXVXDOWHYHOOGHG\RU*HQHUDO1[RQQH]DPDQ
EXWDYV\H\\DSGYHEXWDYV\H\\DSPDNoQKNPHWHQHJEEUPDOXPkWYHUG"%]P
EOGP]EUH\YDUVDRGDKH\HWVHIHU\\HQQOHYk]PQGDQ+LQG+NPHWL$VNHUL\\HVL
PHVXOGURUGXQXQOHYk]PRGHUHFHGHER]XNYHEHUEDGGNEXKkOEUPOOHWYHPHPOH
NHWoQEkVKDFkOHWRODFDNEUGHUHNHVHIvOkQHGHGU$QFDNXEDW
Q
VGNQJOWH
UH+DUE\H1H]kUHWKDUHNkWKDUE\\HQQVHYNYHGDUHVQ\HGKWPkPQDDOPG+HU
H\LVUWQGDQDWSYXNXDJHOHQELUVUKDWDODUYHEXQODUGDQPWHYHOOLGkOkPYHKDFkOHWOHUL
KDUEGHHPVDOLYDUGU GL\HUHNFHIIH
ONDOHPRUWD\DDWDQ%DYHNLO$VTXLWK
HEXVXDOOHUUkG
HWPHHEXPHPOHNHWQEUKDNNPHUXYDUGU%XWDOHEP]SKHV]GUNGPDQQQH
\DUD\DQIkkWGDEXOXQX\RUODUG\HWKDPHWPHHXUDDFDNODUGU)DNDWHPQROVXQODUNEX
VXDOOHUGPDQWHFHWPH]DQFDNYHDQFDNEWQEXEHUEDGONODUPH\GDQDoNDUDQKN
PHWKk]UD\PDKNXPHGHU
)v5HFHEVHQH>@Iv0D\VVHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPvVWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

+5079

219

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

77

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

70(6*$=(7(6
11.7h
/$05(9(6(/0$13$.
6$9$,1'$<$5$/$1$11*/=$6.(5/(51(<(7(5/
6$/,.+=0(79(5/0('''$/$5,

.W
O$PUH\HQLOJLVLQGHYH6HOPDQSDNVDYDQGD\DUDODQDQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQH
\HWHUOLVDONKL]PHWOHULQLQYHULOPHPHVL\OHLOJLOLRODUDNQJLOL]+NPHWL
QLQJHUHNOL
WHGELUOHUL DOPDG \ROXQGDNL LGGLDODUQ VRUXWXUXOPDV LLQLQ VUQFHPHGH E
UDNOPDPDVQDGDLU7LPHVJD]HWHVLQLQ0D\VWDULKOLQVKDVQGDNDQ
EDPDNDOH

0D\V

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
0D\VVHQH>@WDUKO7PHVJD]HWHVQQEDPDNDOHV
,UDN0HFUKvQ
+WWD,UDN\\H
GHYXNXDJHOPRODQYHNk\IHFD\DDGE
OFPOHKDNk\NEWQ
oSODNO\ODRUWD\DNR\DFDNYHPOOHWQVWNQkKKDNNDWoQG|UWDoGJ|]|QQHJHUOP
RODQSHUGHPHVWU\HWYHVXNWX\UWSNDOGUDFDNEXJQoQEUkGHPKHUQHNDGDUPHYFXG
GHOVHGHEUNDoD\GDQEHUVDKQHKDUEGHQYUGHGHQPDOXPkWQVKKDWQHYHJHoPROGX
XPXKWHOIPHFUkODUQPHYVN\HWQHQD]DUDQHINkUXPXPv\HEXQGDNYHKkPHWEKDNNQ
WDNGUH\OHPGU%XJQ.W
O$PkUHVXNWHGHUHNHOP]GHQoNPYH*HQHUDO1[RQ
XQ
VRQUDSRUXGDKNPHWWDUDIQGDQQHUHGOPGU,UDN
GDNKH\HWVHIHU\HFHYXNXDJHO
PRODQWHUWEkWVKK\\HQRNVDQONODUYHEHUEDGONODUKDNNQGDDUWNGDKD]\DGHVXNW
HWPHHPDKDO\RNGXUXUDVQGHUKkWUHGHOPNWHUWEkWVKK\HQQER]XNOXXKDNNQGD
SDUODPHQWRGDNVWv]kKDFHYDEYHUHQ+QGVWDQ8PUX1k]U0LVWHU&KDPEHUODLQKNPHW
WDUDIQGDQ\DSOPDNGDRODQWDKNNkWQQHWFHVQHNDGDUWk\KNPGHVWFkOROXQPDPDVQ
WDOHEHWPG1k]UQEXWDOHELHKkVQPHVXOL\HWLPHY]EDKVROXQGXX]DPDQODUGD
ELUGHUHFH\HNDGDUYkULGRODELOLULVHGHPHPOHNHWLoLQFLGGHQEkLVLKLFkEYHH\QRODQEX
JLELDKYkOLPHVVLIHQLQDGHPLWHNHUUU]PQQGDOk]PJHOHQKNPQYHULOPHVLQGH
GDKD]\DGHWHHKKXUROXQPDPDVQEU]DUXUHWNDW\HROPDN]HUHWHODNNHG\RUX]dQN
,UDN
GD\DSODQ\ROVX]OXNODUKNPHWQGUHQGROPDPDVQGDQYHPOOHWQPXNDGGHUkWQ
WD\QH\OH\HFHNRODQEXKDUEGHO]XPXGHUHFHVQGHPWH\DNN]kQHKDUHNHWHWPHPHVQGHQ
WHNHYYQHWPGU6HOPDQSDNPXKDUHEHVQGH\DUDODQDQHIUkGP]QEUoRNODUNID\HWPN
GDUOHYk]PVKK\\HEXOXQPD\QGDQkOkPYHHYFkoQGHJQOHUFHoUSQPODU\DPXU
DOWQGD VDDWOHUFH NDOPODU \DQODUQGD KoEU GRNWRU EXOXQPDG KkOGH kGv H\D PDNXOHV
JEPDYQDODUDGROGXUXODUDNVHYNHGOPOHUYHEUoRNODUQQ\DUDODUJQOHUFHDoOPD\SP

221

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

WHDIIQEUKkOHJHOPGU%XEkEGDEUoRNQHU\kWGDEXOXQGXXPX]oQEXUDGDWHNUDUQ
GDQVDUIQD]DUHG\RUX])DNDWXQDWPDGHG\RUX]NQHU\kWP]SDUODPHQWRD]kODUQQ
QD]DU GNNDW YH QWEkKQ DoP YH YFGDQODUQ WHQYU HWPGU QJO] POOHW WDKNNkWQ
WHVUvQVDEUV]ONODEHNO\RUGDKD]\DGHVUQFHPHGHNDOPDVQDYHKHOHXQXWGXUXOPDV
QDDVODWDKDPPOHGHPH]QJOWHUHPSDUDWRUOXX\]ELQOHUFHHYOkGQGPDQQNDKKkU
DWHLNDUVQGDELOkSHUYkIHGDHWPHNGHWHUHGGGHWPL\RUIDNDWKNPHWL\LFHELOPHOLGLU
NLEXIHGkNkUOQWHNLODWV]ONYHEDVLUHWVL]OLN\]QGHQPDKYYHKHEkROPDVQDGDKD
]L\DGHWDKDPPOHGHPH]
)v5HFHEVHQH>@)v0D\VVHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPvVWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

+5079B

Kt'l-Amre ehitleri ansna dikilen abide

222

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUHHVLUOHULJDUQL]RQ\ROXQGDLVWLUDKDWWH

QJLOL]HVLUOHULDVNHUOHPL]LQPXKDID]DVQGDJDUQL]RQ\ROXQGD
+DUE0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

223

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

78

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=<$5$/,/$5,1,1*(0/(5/(1$./1(=1
9(5(17h5./(5'(169(d*$=(7(611g9*h/(%$+6(77

.W
O$PUH
GH\DUDODQDQQJLOL]KDVWDODUQJHPLOHUOHQDNOLQH7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQ
L]LQ YHULOPHVLQGHQ QJLOL]OHULQ YJ LOH EDKVHWWLLQH GDLU ELU VYH JD]HWHVLQGH
NDQPDNDOH

>0D\V@

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW

VYHoJD]HWHOHUQGHQ6DGDU 'DJ" QDPJD]HWHVQGHQ

*kOEYHPX]DIIHU7UNOHUQEUKDUHNHWkOvFHQkEkQHV
.W
O$PkUHPXKDVDUDVHVQDVQGDPHFUKGHQYH\DDoONGDQYHPDKUXP\HWGHQ
GokU]WUkERODQQJO]OHUKkPORODQKDVWDKkQHYDSXUODU,UDN
GDNQJO]FHEKHKDUEQH
YDVOROPDNGDGU
.W
O$PkUH
QQ PGDIDDV HVQDVQGD J|VWHUOHQ NDKUDPDQOD EU QkQH WDNGU
ROPDN YH PHFUKvQ YH ]XDIkQQ HPU WHGDYVQH KWPkP H\OHPHN ]HUH 7UNOHU EXQOD
UQEXVXUHWOHQDNOQHPXYkIDNDWHWPOHUGUQJO]OHU7UNOHUQJ|VWHUGNOHUEXKDUHNHW
kOvFHQkEkQH\EvQKk\HWDNGUYHVWk\OHUOH\kGYHND\GHWPHNGHGUOHU

+5079

225

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

79

'+)5

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((65/(51'(12/83<2//(51'(*g1h//h2/$5$.d$/,0$.
67(0(<(10h6/h0$1+17/(65/(51$(6.2/$<<(5/(5(6(9./(5

.W
O$PUH HVLUOHULQGHQ JQOO RODUDN \ROODUGD DOPDN LVWHPH\LS %XUVD
\D
JQGHULOHFHNRODQ0VOPDQ+LQWOLHVLUOHULQVD\ODUDUWWWDNGLUGHLDHOHULQLQ
GDKDNROD\WHPLQHGLOHFHL\HUOHUHVHYNHGLOPHOHULKXVXVXQXQ+GDYHQGLJU9D
OLOLL
QH\D]OG

+D]LUDQ

%kEOv
'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
+XVXVv
IUHPDKUHP

+GDYHQGJkU9Ok\HW
QH
 0D\V VHQH >@ .W
O$PkUH VHUkVQGDQ DU]X YH J|QOOHU\OH \ROODUGD oDO
PDDWkOEROPD\DQ0VOPDQ+QGOHVUOHU%XUVD
\DJ|QGHUOHFHNVHGHEXQODUQPNGDU
KHQ] WD\Q ROXQPDG YH PDD Kk]k OHUGH 0VOPDQ +QGO HVUOHU PNGDU SHN ]\DGH
ROGXXDQODOGWDNGUGHkHVNROD\kKDUEUPDKDOOHVHYNYHQDNOOHUQQQD]DUGNNDWH
DOQDFD2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QGHQEOGUOPGU
)v0D\VVHQH
1k]U
7DODW

'+)5

227

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

80

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=/(51.7h
/$05(<(1/*6+$..,1'$$/0$1
%$6,1,1'$d,.$1'((5/(1'50(/(5

VW G]H\ ELU QJLOL] DVNHUL RODQ (GJDU 9DORLV


LQ %LUPLQJKDP 'DLO\ 3RVW JD]H
WHVLQH YHUGLL GHPHWH QJLOL] PLOOHWLQLQ .W
O$PUH \HQLOJLVLQL ID]OD DEDUWS
QHPVHGLLQHGDLU\D]VQQ\D\QODQG'HXWVFKH7DJHV=HLWXQJJD]HWHVLQLQ
0D\VWDULKOLQVKDV
.W
O$PUH
GH PDKVXU NDODQ QJLOL] 2UGXVX
QXQ RXQOXNOD JQOO DVNHUOHU
GHQROXWXXQDVDYDEOJHVLQGHQJHOHQPHNWXSODUDJUH.W
O$PUH
QLQ
1LVDQ
GD GPHVLQLQ EHNOHQGLLQH FRUDI\DQQ ]RUOXNODUQD YH VX NWOQD GDLU
:HVWHUQ0RUQLQJ3RVWJD]HWHVLQGHNDQ\D]

+D]LUDQ

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
0D\VVHQH

$GHG
$OPDQ0DWEkW.W
O$PkUH9DNDVKDNNQGDPWkODkWYHWDIVODW0D\VVHQH>@WDUKO'HXWVFKH7DJHV=HWXQJJD]HWHVQGHQ
QJO]PWHNDGGPvQDVNHU\HVQGHQ(GJDU9DORV WDUDIQGDQ%UPQJKDP'DO\3RVW
JD]HWHVoQ\D]ODQEUPDNDOHGHQINDUkWkW\\H\NWEkVHG\RUX]
.W
O$PkUH
QQ VXNWXQGDQ PWHKDVVO QHWk\F DPHO\\H YH IO\\H KHPHQ Ko
PHVDEHVQGHGU%UWDUDIGDQEXKDUEQD]DPHWIHYNDOkGHVYHGDUHPXOQQYVDW
QkPWHQkK\\HVQJ|]|QQGHEXOXQGXUPDDDOPROGXXPX]LoLQYHGLHUWDUDIGDQ
.W
O$PkUH PDOXE\HWQQ HKHPP\HWQ JHoP PXKDUHEHOHUGH YXNXD JHOHQ YXNXkW
PPkVOH\PN\kVWWKk]HWPHNVXUHW\OHWDNGUH\OHPHHPWHPk\OEXOXQGXXPX]oQ
QJO]POOHWQQE\NEUNVP.W
O$PkUH9DNDV
QDKDGG]kWQGDKD]ROPDGEU
HKHPP\HWDWIH\OHPHNGHGUOHU
>V@
:HVWHUQ0RUQQJ3RVWJD]HWHVQQ/RQGUDPXKkEU.W
O$PkUH
QQVRQJQOHUKDN
NQGDkWvGHNPHUDNkYHUPDOXPkWYHU\RU

229

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXUNDODQQJO]2UGXVXHNVHU\HWOHJ|QOOHIUkGQGDQPWH
HNNOG+HUQHGHQVH*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
HUHIDNDWHWPRODQ]HYkWPHKXUHYHPDU
IHQQSDUODPHQWRD]kODUQQPHPXUvQPON\HQQYHHKEEkQQSHNE\NEU\HNXQWXWDQ
DGHGKDNNvVQ|UHQGP]DPDQD]vPEUEKWYHKD\UHWHGokUROGXP
%XQODUQ\D]PROGXNODUPHNWXSODUDJ|UH.W
O$PkUH
QQGDKD1VDQ
GDVXN
WXQDQW]kUROXQX\RUGXdQNGDKD.kQQ(YYHOD\QGDEOHWD\QkW\DU\DU\DQGUOP
YHEXQGDQWDNUvEHQEUD\HYYHOVRQEDUJUOHUQ]HEKQHEDODQPG
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG.W
O$PkUHFYDUQGD7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQJ]OEU\HUGHVDNODQ
PRODQEUPNGDUHU]DNoNDUPDVDG.W
O$PkUHEXNDGDU
>V@
]DPDQEOHPXNkYHPHWHGHPH\HFHNG
.W
O$PkUH
\PXKDVDUDDOWQDDOPRODQ7UN2UGXVX
QXWRSOHG|PHNKXVXVXQGD
WHVDGIHGOHQHQE\NPNOVHUDEQVNVNWHNHUUUQGHQEDUHWG
.W
O$PkUH
QQ EU WDUDIQGD FHVvP EU EDWDNON YH GHU WDUDIQGD 'FOH 1HKU OH
PXKkWGU %X VXODUQ FHYY KDYDGD KkVO HWGNOHU ]\k QNkVkWQGDQ PWHYHOOG JDODW
U\HWQJO]WRSoXODUQNHQGPHY]OHUOH7UNVSHUOHUDUDVQGDNPHVDIH\EUNDW\\HW
OHKHVDEYHWD\QHWPHNGHQPHQH\OHG
=kWHQRUDGDNDUD]QQPNOkWWRSRUDI\\HVFHQEGDQPGkGDJHOPHHWHHEEV
HGHQQJO]NXYYHWOHUQQOHUKDUHNkWQDNDUE\NEUHQJHOG.W
O$PkUH
GHQDOP
ROGXXPX]EUPHNWXEGD
=HPQEXUDGDEUVDWUDQoWDKWDVNDGDUG]GU%XQXQoQGHVSHUKGPHWQIDHGH
FHNHQXIDFNEUkU]D\DWHVDGIHWPHNNDEOGHOGUGHQO\RU
>V@
0XkYHQHWHJHOHQDVNHUOHUP].W
O$PkUH
GHNQJO]WRSODUQQD]ODUQJ|UHE
OHFHNNDGDU\DNQEUQRNWD\DEUNDoGHIDYDVORODEOPOHUVHGHoOHFHNVXEXOPDNNDEO
ROPDPDVQDPHEQvGDPDRUGXJkKDG|QPHHPHFEXUROPXODUGU

+5079B

230

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,UDN&HSKHV
QGHYHIDWHGHQ2UGX.RPXWDQ*ROW] *ROo 3DD
QQVRQUHVP
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\

231

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

81

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/7(5(+h.0(7
11,5$.6()(5</(/*/
.$082<81$d2.$=%/*9(5'''$/$5,

QJLOWHUH +NPHWL
QLQ ,UDN VHIHUL\OH LOJLOL NDPXR\XQD RN D] ELOJL YHUGLL LGGLD
ODUQD NDU EX \HQLOJLGHQ VRUXPOX RODQ GDLUH YH NLLOHU DUDVQGD JHHQ UHVP
\D]PDODUQ7LPHV*D]HWHVL
QGH\D\QODQG

+D]LUDQ

>V@
,UDNVHIHUHVQDVQGDKDUHNkWDVNHU\\H\HGDUQJOWHUH+DUE\H1H]kUHWWDUDIQGDQ
QHUROXQDQWHEOJkWUHVP\HQQPXODNYHPHVWUEUWDU]GD\D]OPDVYHKDUHNkWDVNH
U\HQQ WHYHVVX OH .W
O$PkUH VXNWXQGDQ HYYHO ,UDN
GDN QJO] DVkNUQQ WHKONH
O EU KDUHNkW DVNHU\\H PHYN>Q@GH EXOXQGXX KDNNQGD PXKWDVDUDQ YHUOHQ PDOXPkW
UHVP\HGHQ LNk\HWH\OH\HQQJO]FHUkG\HYP\\HVP\kQQGD7PHVJD]HWHVQJO]
KH\HWQ]]kUQQEXKDUHNHWQWDNEvKOHDKDOQQYD]\HWKDNN\\HGHQKDEHUGkUHGOPHV
O]XPXQXGHIDkWOHKNPHWHKWDUH\OHPYH.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXQXPWHkNEHGOHQ
KDWkWGDQPHVXORODQ]HYkWYH\DGHYkUUHVP\HQQ]DKkWYHUPHVQPOOHWQWDOHEHKDNN
ROGXXQXPWHDGGGPDNDOHOHUOHHQ]kUNkUvQHDU]H\OHPG
>V@
*HUHN$YDPYHJHUHN/RUGODU.DPDUDV
QGDEXPWkOHEkWGDQEkKVRODUDNUkGROXQDQ
VXDOOHUHFHYDEHQEDYHNOYDNWPHUKQXQKXOOQGHEXEkEGDPDOXPkWUHVP\HWkNO
QDFDQ.DPDUDKH\HWQHEOGUPG
%X PHVHOHGH DODNDGkU RODQ GHYkU +QGVWDQ +NPHW OH /RQGUD
GDN +QGVWDQ
1H]kUHWYHQJOWHUH+NPHWROGXXJE%DGDGVHIHUQQFUDVQDPHPXU]HYkWP\kQQ
GDGDKRYDNWEDNXPDQGDQEXOXQDQ*HQHUDO1[RQOH%DGDG
DNIUNDDVNHUOHOHUOH\HQ
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGPHYFXGEXOXQPXGXU
7PHVJD]HWHVEXGHYkUOHEX]HYkWDUDVQGDFHUH\kQHGHQPXKDEHUkWWHOJUDI\
\HUHVP\\H\VUDVWEDU\ODQHUH\OHPYHPXKDEHUkWQDNVkPDKvUHVQWHNOHGHQYH
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG WDUDIQGDQ .W
O$PkUH
GHQ %DGDG
D GRUX KDUHNHWGHQ HYYHO EDNX
PDQGDQ*HQHUDO1[RQ
DNHvGHNOQSPH]NUEDNXPDQGDQWDUDIQGDQ+QGVWDQYDOVQH
YHRUDGDQGDK/RQGUD
GDN+QGVWDQ1H]kUHW
QHWHEONOQDQWHOJUDIQkPHUHVPvHKHPP
\HWQHEQkHQEHUYHFKkWvD\QHQWHUFPHNOQPGU

233

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

>V@
+oEUJQk\DQOODPDKDONDOPDPDN]HUHEXWHOJUDIQkPHFHYDE\\HPQD\QHQ
YHKDUI\\HQWHEOQV]GHQUFDH\OHUP.W
O$PkUHPXKDUHEHVQGHPD\\HWPGHNQ
JO]DVDNUQGHQQVIHNVOHQYHQRNVDQWDOPYHWHUE\HJ|UPHP+QGODVkNUOHNPDO
HGOHQHIUkGGDQPUHNNHERODUDNKHUWUOWDNY\HGHQPDKUXPNDOPYHGHQ]GHQo\]
PONDGDUPHVDIHX]DNODPRODQ]DvIEUIUNDDVNHUOH%DGDG
DGRUXOHUOHPHNGHD]vPEU
WHKONHPHYFXGROGXXNDQDDWNDW\\HVQGH\P
%XQGDQPkDGk7UNOHUQ*HOEROX
GDKDUEHGHQWDEXUODUGDQEUoRXQX%DGDG
DJ|Q
GHUPHNOH,UDN
GDNNXYYHDVNHU\\HOHUQWDNY\HH\OHGNOHUQHGDKYkNIGP.XUQDPHY
NQGH0D\V
GDQWEDUHQEDOD\DQKDUHNkWDVNHU\HQQGDUHVQEDQDWHYGvHGHQ%DNX
PDQGDQ*HQHUDO1[RQ
DNDUVXDOYkUGROPDNV]Q%DGDG
QIHWKoQFUDHGOHEOHFHN
KDUHNkWDVNHU\\HKDNNQGDEH\kQHINkUH\OHPHNUWEHPYHPHYNPWEDU\ODEHQPoQ
SHNPNOG
0DPDIKEXKDUHNkWDVNHU\HQQFUDVQGDPVWDKNHPRODQ0HGk\QPHYNQHK
FXPOH%DGDG
IHWKHNDONPDNGDNWHKONHGHQEDNXPDQGDQKDEHUGkUH\OHPH
>V@
NHQGPFHEUYD]IHDGGH\OHGP
%XVXUHWOHNHQGVQKDEHUGkUH\OHGNGHQVRQUDYFGkQHQPVWHUvKEUKkOGHYHUHFH
HYkPUID\DPXQWD]UROGXP0DPDIK.W
O$PkUH
GHNPDOXE\HWOHUQGHQVRQUD0H
Gk\QGHWDNY\HHGOHQ7UNOHUWDNEHNR\XOPD]GDQHYYHO$]]\HPHYNQGHQ*HQHUDO
1[RQ
D7HUvQ(YYHOWDUK\OHkWvGHNWHOJUDIQkPH\NHvGHH\OHGP
(HU%DGDG
JDOKNPHWQDU]XVXFDEkWQGDQYHEXKXVXVGDNKDUHNkWDVNHU\H
QQPDU]NDODFDWHKONHOHUGHSvPWkODD\DDOQPDNFDEH\O\RUVHINUPFHEXVHIHU
\ROWDUvN\ODYHPXYDIIDN\HWOHFUDoQKDUHNkWDVNHU\\H\HNIUNDGDQYH\DEUNRORUGX
DVNHUYH\D$KYDVHO$PkUHYH1DVU\HPHYkNPKPPHVQGHDVkNUPXKkI]D
GDQEDNDEUEUQ\DNQGDQWDNEH\OHPHN]HUHNWHNPvOIUNDWUDNH\OHPHVHKHPP
HO]HPGU
=DQQHGHUPNEUPD\\HW]kEWPHYFXGWHKONH\UkH]PQQGDkPUQEXQGDQ]\D
GHUkGH\OHPHNKDNNQDPkONGHOGU%XQGDQ]\DGHV\DQPDQD\WkPP\ODEU]kEWQ
HPUQHNDUSURWHVWRH\OHPHVNDYkGPHU\\HDVNHU\\HKOkIQDEUKDUHNHWGU

234

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

>V@
%XPQDVHEHWOHXQXGDOkYHH\OHPHNVWHUPN7UNOHU.W
O$PkUH
GH\DOQ]PD
OXEGHO.XUQDPHYNQGHROGXXJEEXQODUWDPDP\ODSVNUWHFHPYH.W
O$Pk
UH
GH0D\V
GDE]OHUH\DUGPHGHQEUIUVDWJEEUIUVDW]XKXUXQGDGPDQE
WWDNE%D
GDG
DGRUXOHUOH\HFHP.W
O$PkUHPXKDUHEHVQQYXNXXQGDQHYYHO*HQHUDO1[RQ
D
EOGUPGP
)DNDW$]]\HPHYNQHPXYkVDODWPGD0HGk\Q
GH7UNNXYk\D]vPHVQQPHKkEH
WQ E
WWDNGU RUDGD WHYDNNXID PHFEXU ROPX GP7UNOHUQ ,UDN
D J|QGHUGNOHU NXYk\
DVNHU\\HKDNNQGDVWKVkOH\OHGPPDOXPkWDYH.W
O$PkUHPXKDUHEHVQGHND]DQG
PWHFkUEHEQkHQEXUDGDUDVWJHOGP7UNDVkNUQQ.XUQDPHYNQGHWHVDGIDVkNUH
PkEKROGXXQXYHPDPDIKKW\kWOHKDUHNHWH\OHPHNFDEH\OHGQYH%DGDG
DGRUX
\UPHNoQOkHNDOEURUGXDVNHUHKW\DoROGXXQXDQODGP
%kOkGDNINDUkWEXUDGD]NUGHQPDNVDGPKDUHNkWPGDQGROD\WDKDVVXOHGHQPHVX
O\HWNDEXOHkPkGHYH%DGDG
DGRUX\UPHHWDVDGGvDU]XVXQXJ|VWHUHQQEHQROGXXPX
EH\kQH\OHPHNGU

+5079B

235

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

82

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7h5./(51(65/(5(.$5,621'(5(&(16$1
'$95$1',,1,11*/=/(57$5$),1'$1)$'(('/'

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQHNDU7UNOHULQVRQGHUHFHLQVDQ
YHYDO\HUKX\ODPXDPHOHGHEXOXQGXXQD*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
HNDUJVWH
ULOHQKUPHWLQ\HQLOJLQLQ]QWVQELUQHE]HD]DOWWQDYH*HOLEROX
GDQGQHQ
DVNHUOHUFH7UNOHULQ.]OKD
DDWHHWPH\HQELUGPDQRODUDNKDWUODQGQD
GDLU0DQFKDVWHU*XDUGLDQJD]HWHVLQLQ+D]LUDQWDULKOLQVKDVQGD
NDQEDPDNDOH

7HPPX]

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
+D]UDQVHQH>@WDUKO0DQFKHVWHU*XDUGDQJD]HWHVQQEDPDNDOHVQGHQ
(QVkO EHHUQ WDEk\Q WHGNN OH PHJXO RODQODU oQ7UN QHVOQQ WDEDWQ WD\Q
H\OHPHN NDGDU oHWQ EU PHVHOH EXOPDN SHN PNOGU 7UNOHUQ .W
O$PkUH HVUOHUQH
NDU\DSPROGXNODU|YDO\HONGHYUQHDGPHUGkQHYHQVDQ\HWNkUkQHPXDPHOH\+DU
E\H1H]kUHWP]UHVPHQOkQH\OHG7UNOHUKWWD,UDN\\HGHNE
OFPOHPXKDUHEHOHUGH
QPQHPWVkOWWKk]QD k\kQEUQVDQONODPXDPHOHGHEXOXQGXODU,UDNNXPDQGDQQQ
DUDVUD*HQHUDO$\OPHU
HJ|QGHUPROGXXQRWODU6DOkKDGGQ(\\EvOH$UVODQ<UHNO
5FKDUGDUDVQGDWHkWROXQDQODUGHUHFHVQGHROXSKHUKkOGH6DOkKDGGQ
QUKXQXkGHGH
FHNEUPHUWHEHGHGU7UN]kEWOHUDUDVUDDNGHGOHQPWkUHNHOHUIUVDWDGGHGHUHNHIUkGQ
JkERODQoDQWDODUQDGHHWPHNJEHQNoNQRNWDODUEOHXQXWPDPODUYH\DUDOODUP]D
NDUHOOHUQGHQJHOHQKHU\OYHHVEkEVWUkKDWGUvH\OHPHPOHUYHHVU]kEWkQP]Q
UWEHDVNHU\HOHUQHOk\NKUPHWGH]HUUHWHQPkNXVXUHWPHPOHUGU*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
KDNNQGD\DSODQEXNDEOPXDPHOkWOH.W
O$PkUH
QQ]\kQGDQPWHYHOOGWHHVVHUEX
YHFKOHWDKIvINOQPGU*HOEROXVDKQHKDUEQGHQDYGHWHGHQHIUkGGDKD\QWDU]GDGD
UHNHOkPHWPHNGHGUOHU(IUkGPHUNPH7UN
6DOvE$KPHU
HDWHHWPH\HQEUGPDQ
G\HGHUKkWUH\OHU
%HUYHFKEkOkINUDQQJD]HWHOHUOHQHUUFDROXQXU
)v+D]UDQVHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPvVWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

+5079

237

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

83

'+(80E

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'
1*$<50(58/.61(
=19(5/0(0(6

*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQFDVXVOXNWDQPDKNPRODQ3HWHU<RYLOL\X " -RVHI
LQ\H
HQLDUWLVW2OJDLOH\DDGPHWUHVKD\DWQDVRQYHULOPHVLJHUHNWLLKXVXVXQXQ
+DUEL\H1H]UHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVL

7HPPX]

VWDQEXO3ROV0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
7DKUUkW.DOHP
$GHG
8PXPv
+XVXVv
0DKUHPGU

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QED]YDNWOHU\DSD\DOQ]VDQGDOODGHQ]HDoOPDNGDROGXXYH
DUWVWPHKXUH2OJD
\GDKDGHWDPHWUHVGHUHFHVQGH\DQQGDEXOXQGXUPDNGDROGXXDO
QDQUDSRUODUGDQDQODOPDNGDGU0H]EUH2OJD'YDQ+DUEFHFDVXVOXXQGDQGROD\G|UW
VHQH\HPDKNPRODQ3HWHU<RYOo\X-RVHSKQDPDKVQ\HHQROGXXYH3DUVHQQHPV
WHFUROXSV]DQDOWQGDEXOXQDQ0|V\|7DN
QQGDKPH]EUH2OJDOHJD\UPHUEU
VKU\HWEXOXQGXXFKHWOH2OJD
QQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGOHJD\UPHURODQPQDVHEDWQD
KkWPHYHUOPHVPHPXUvQOk]PHVQHWHEOHGOPGUXNDGDUYDUN2OJD
QQPDKDOOQH
EDNDVQQ NkP ROPDV YH *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG
Q \DOQ] EDQD GHQ]H VDQGDO OH oNPDV
PDK]XUGDQVkOPEXOXQDPD\DFDFKHWOH+DUE\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QQQD]DUGNNDWFHOE
ROXQPDVPDU]GXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v+D]UDQVHQH>@
3ROV0GU8PXPvV
>P]D@

'+(80E

239

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

84

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'
17h5./(51.(1'61(9(
$6.(5/(51(<08$0(/('(%8/81'8./$5,1$'$5
)$'(/(5116.$1'1$9%$6,1,1$<$16,0$6,

.W
O$PUH
GH7UNOHUNDUVQGD\HQLOJL\HXUDGNWDQVRQUDHVLUDOQDQ*HQH
UDO7RZQVKHQG
LQ7UNOHULQNHQGLVL\OHPDL\\HWLQHL\LPXDPHOHGHEXOXQGXNODUQDYH
GPDQODU\OD PHUWH VDYDWNODUQD GDLU LIDGHOHULQL LHUHQ 7DQLQ JD]HWHVLQGH
NSVNDQGLQDYEDVQQGDGD\D\QODWODQPODNDW

7HPPX]

6WRFNKROPYH.RSHQKDJ
6HIkUHW6HQ\\HV
$GHG
>+XOkVD@0DNWDJ|QGHUOGQHGDU

+DUF\H1k]UGHYOHWO+DOO%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
Q7DQQPXKDUUU\OHYXNXEXODQPOkNkWQKkNvPH]NUJD]HWHGH
J|UGPPIvGEUPDNDOH\VNDQGQDY\DPDWEkWQGDQHUHWGUGP.RSHQKDJ
QPXWH
EHU JD]HWHOHUQGHQ RODQ %HUOQJVNH 7GHQGH
QQ EX EkEGDN EHQG PDNWDV\OD )UDQV]FD
WHUFPHVQOHIIHQWDNGPHG\RUXP0DQ]UEX\XUXODFDYHFKOHPH]NUJD]HWH*HQHUDOQ
NHQGV\OHHWEkQDHGOHQKVQPXDPHOH\HGDUEH\kQkWNUJ]kUkQHVQQDNOHWGNGHQ
VRQUD7UNOHUQGPDQODU\ODQHNDGDUkOvFHQkEkQHKDUEHWGNOHUED]QJO]Qk]UODU ta
UDIQGDQEOHQJO]SDUODPHQWQGHPHY]EDKVYHWDVGNHGOPG&KDQVkKDKDUEQ
EUN|HVQGHPHUGONDQDQkWNDGvPHVQQEXVXUHWOHK\kYHWDWENHGOHJHOPHNGHROPDV
HO\HYPkOHPNDSOD\DQ]XOPHW\HVQJO]QEUNHQDUQGD]XKXUOHHDSkRODQEUQU
WHVUQ\DS\RUPWkODDV\ODPDNDOHVQHKWDPYHU\RU0HPOHNHWP]GHWHFHGGGYHWHUDN
Nv VDKDODUQGD QPk\kQ RODQ IDDO\HWOHUGHQ GH VNDQGQDY\D HINkU XPXPv\HVQ PDWEkW
YDVWDV\ODKDEHUGkUHWPHHNGkPHG\RUXP$KvUHQEXUDQQHQPKPJD]HWHVRODQ6YHQVND 'DJEODWW EDPXKDUUUQH GHUGHVW WHGNN YH FUD EXOXQDQ WHNODW DGO\HP] KDNNQGD
PDOXPkWYHUHUHNJD]HWHVQGHEXEkEGDEUEDPDNDOH\D]GUGP%XQXQGDPDNWDYHWHUF
PHVQOHIIHQWDNGPHG\RUXP2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v7HPPX]VHQH>@
&HYDG

+56<6B

241

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

85

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'
1.(1'61(7$+66
('/(13$5$1,1$57,5,/0$6,7$/(%

2VPDQO+NPHWLQFHNHQGLVLQHWDKVLVHGLOHQD\ONGRNVDQEHOLUDQQ\HWHUVL]
OLLQGHQ EDKLVOH \] VHNVHQ OLUD\D NDUOPDVQ LVWH\HQ *HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG
LQ
WDOHELQLQNDUODQPD\DFDQQLOJLOLOHUHELOGLULOPHVL

7HPPX]

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGKkOKDUEGROD\V\ODKHUH\QEDKDOROPDVQGDQYH+NPHW
2VPDQ\\H
QQNHQGVQHWDKVVH\OHGGRNVDQEHOUDQQDGHPNIk\HVQGHQYHPkK\H
\]\UPOUD\WHFDY]HGHQPDVUDIQQ'HUVDkGHW
HYUGODUQDPVDDGHROXQDQ]HYFHYH
NHUPHVQQPXYkVDODWODUQGDEWWDEWH]k\GHGHFHQGHQEDKVOHQJOWHUH
GHQSDUDFHOEQH
KkFHWNDOPDPDNoQPkK\H\]VHNVHQOUDQQEDGHKQJOWHUH+NPHW
QFHWHVY\HHGO
PHN]HUHWDUDIP]GDQWkVQVWUKkPHG\RU5WEHVQHJ|UHPXNDQQHQRODQGRNVDQEH
OUDGDQID]ODVWDUDIP]GDQYHUOHPH\HFHQGHQEXQXQQJOWHUH
GHQJ|QGHUOPHN]HUH\]
VHNVHQHEOkoQ$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHNH\I\HWQEOkUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQ
KD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
7HPPX]VHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

243

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

86

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7h5.9(1*/=/(51(65/(5(<g1(/.
08$0(/(.,<$6,

,UDNFHSKHVLQGHQJLOL]OHUHHVLUGWNWHQVRQUDNXUWXODQ)UND6YDUL%
O6XED\$GD\%LQJD]LOL7DKVLQ
LQRUDGDJUGLNHQFH\HDLWUDSRUXLOH2V
PDQO2UGXVX
QDHVLUGHQLNLQJLOL]DVNHULQHVDUHWOHULVUDVQGDJUGNOHULL\L
PXDPHOH\HGDLULIDGHOHUL

7HPPX]

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
,UDNFHEKHVQGHQJO]OHUHOQGHHVUNHQEUVXUHWOHWDUDIP]DJHOPEU]kEWQDP]H
GQQKvQHVkUHWQGHJ|UGNHQFH\HDGUDSRUXJD]HWHOHUHYHUOPHN]HUHWDNGPNOQG
)v7HPPX]VHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPv
VWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

+5079B
***
(VUROGXXPJQIDGHPQDOQPDVoQIUNDYH\DNRORUGXNDUDUJkKROGXXPHFKX
OPRODQEURUGXJkKDVHYNHGOGP]DPDQNHQGP]DvIYHX]XQER\OXEUHUNkQKDUEv
]kEWQQ |QQGH EXOGXP VWFYkEP FUD HGOUNHQ EX FHEKHGH KHQ] EU D\GDQ EHU EX
OXQGXXPGDQEDKVOHKoEUH\GHQPDOXPkWPROPDGQV|\OHUYHHPUYkNNDUVQGD
EXOXQGXNFD GD KDNNDWGHQ EVEWQ X]DNODUGP %HQGHQ OHUQH \DUD\DFDN PXYkIN FH
YDEODUDOQDPD\QFDQKD\HWVHQEU\DODQFVQKWDE\ODWDUv]HPDU]NDOPDDEDODGP
VWFYkEPHVQDVQGDKk]UEXOXQDQWHUFPDQEDQDWHYFKKWDEHGHUHNVHQVYDUVQGHO
P"RKkOGHJHoHQOHUGHQJO]VYDUOYkVQDPHQVXEEUNHINROXQGDQNQJO]DVNHU
HVUHGOHUHN7UNOHUWDUDIQGDQIHFEUVXUHWGH|OGUOPG6HQR\HUGHEXOXQGXQGHG
EHQFHYDEHQ%|\OHEU\HUGHEXOXQPDGPYHOHYNEXOXQVDPGDEXKDUEGU)DNDWE]VHUk
\ |OGUPH\] PXNDEHOHVQGH EXOXQGXP VH GH PHVP ROPD\DUDN WHUFPDQ YH VQJO
PXKDI]ODUYHVkWDW\ODNXPDQGDQONoDGUQGDQX]DNODWUOGPYHKD\YDQDEQPEUQJO]

245

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

VYDU ]kEWQQ HHUOHQP EU +QGO QHIHUQ \HGHQGH EXOXQDQ EU KD\YDQQ EXOXQGXX
PDKDOOHJ|WUOHUHNKD\YDQDEQGUOGPYHIDNDWEXQXQVHEHEQVRUGXP6XUHWIHFDGD
|OGUOHQQJO]DVNHUOHUQQPDKDOOQJ|VWHUPHNoQVYDU]kEWQQUHIDNDW\OHQJO]O
YkVQDJ|WUOHFHPEHJQNDGDUQJO]VYDU]kEWOHUQQQH]GQGHNDODUDN\PXDPHOH
J|UHFHPYH\EHVOHQHFHPV|\OHQ\RUGX9HUGPFHYDEGDVYDUOYkVQDJGHPH\HFH
PYHFEkUHGOUVHP|OPHWHUFKHGHFHPWHUFPDQRUDGDN]kEWHV|\OH\QFHQJO]
HIUkGWYHNDNODU\ODFHEUHQEHQKD\YDQDEQGUPHNVWHGOHU9HJ|UGNOHUPXKDOHIHW
HGvGH]HUQHQJO]]kEWQQDUHW\OHEXFEkUGDQVDUIQD]DUHWGOHU%XQXPWHkNEWHU
FPDQVHQGHOVQoRFXNoDKDUHNHWHG\RUVXQQHGHQNRUNX\RUVXQFHYDE\ODEHQWDWPQ
HWPHNVWHGNGHQVRQUD\PXDPHOHJ|UHFHPYHkHHGOHFHPWHNUDUHWG7DEEXQX
GDUHGHWGPYHVHUk\KDUE\HKDNNQGDFkUvRODQEWQNDYkQvQYHWHkPOD\DNODUDOWQD
DODUDNEDQDKHUVWHGNOHUQ\DSDEOHFHNOHUQYHKoEUH\GHQNRUNPDNVWHPHGPV|\OH
PHP]HUQHKD\YDQ]HUQGHEXOXQDQQJO]]kEWQQDUHW\OHEUQJO]QHIHUVQJVQ
J|VPHGD\D\DUDNEHQWHKGGHWGJEWHUFPDQGDSUKGGHW6]7UNOHUE]PHVU
OHUP]FHEUHQVWKNkPODUQ]DVRNPDNGDYHPHFUK]kEWkQP]QJ|]OHUQR\PDNGDVQ]
%]PG\HNDGDUKHUWUOPXDPHOHFHEU\H\WDWEvNDPXNWHGUROGXXPX]KkOGHV]\
OHVHYNHWPHNINU\OHPXWHGOkQHKDUHNHWHG\RUGXN)DNDWPGKD\DWQ]WHKONHGHGU
6|\OHGNOHUP]KVQWHODNNHWPHGQ]WDNGUGHV]QoQDNEHWYDKPGUEH\kQkW\OD
EHQWHKGGHG\RUGX%HQIDGkWVkENDPGDVUDUYHJ|VPDoDUDNHYHWkF]EUHVUH
KHU H\ \DSDEOPHN oQ IUVDW HOQ]GHGU IDNDW GQQ] N EU NQQ PKkV\OD KoEU
PHQIDDWWHPQHGHPH]VQ]%XPHQIDDWFHEKHKDUEGHDUDQUWDU]QGDNKWDEPWHUFPDQ
D\QHQWHUFPHHGHUHWPH]EXEH\kQkWEUQJO]QHIHUQQWDDVVXEXQDGRNXQPXROPDOGUN
\HUQGHQIUOD\DUDNYHNHOOHU\OHERD]PGDQNDYUD\DUDNEHQ\HUH\DWUGYHEXNHQFHGHQ
EHQDQFDN>EU@]kEWQPGDKDOHVNXUWDUDEOG%XPXKDOHIHWPNXPDQGDQDEOkHGOP
RODFDNNEXGHIDJHWUOHQEUNHOHSoHOHHOOHUP\HNGHUQHUDEWHWGOHUYHVRONROXPGDQ
EDODQDQEUSQXFXQXKD\YDQ]HUQGHN]kEWQHOQHYHUGOHUYHEXVXUHWOHVHYNPG
QGOHU)DNDWKD\YDQQKDUHNHWQKVVHGHUHWPH]\HUH\DWPDNYHEWQPHYFXG\HWPVDUI
HWPHNVXUHW\OHPXKDOHIHWJ|VWHUGP%
OkKDUHEUDUDEDJHWUGOHUHOOHUPNHOHSoHOROGXX
KkOGH DUDED GHUQXQD ER\OX ER\XQD DUNDV VW \DWUOGP YH NROODUP DUDVQGDQ JHoUOHQ
SOHUOH DUDED\D VPVN EDODQGP %U WDUDIGDQ GD VRO RPX]XPD\NOHQHQ DUDEDF HVQD\
VH\UGH7UN7UNG\HUHNEDPDKDIIXUPDNVXUHW\OHJG\RUGXN1HIVPHSHNJUkQ
JHOHQEXPXDPHOH\HEUPGGHWVDEUHGHEOGPVHGHPWHkNEHQWHHVVUGHQDODPDDYH
QJO]PHGHQ\HWQQFDEHWGUGEXPXDPHOH\HKHGHIROPDNGDQVHEUNXUXQOD|OGUO
PHP GDKD PQDVE RODFDQ YDU NXYYHWPOH EDUDUDN V|\OHPHH EDODGP +HU V|]P
VWKIkIYHNDKNDKDODUODNDUOD\DQEXNWOHQQWD]\NOHUDOWQGDDUDEDNDWPHVDIHHG\RUGX
1KD\HW\DUPVDDWVRQUDDUDEDGXUGXXIDNEUIkVODWHYDNNXIXPWHkNEKDUHNHWHGOG%X
VXUHWOHGDKDEUVDDWNDGDU\UGNGHQVRQUDPHQ]OPHUNH]RODQEURUGXJkKSvJkKQGDGX
UXOGX'HUKDOHWUDIPQJO]]kEWkQYHHIUkGDOG9FXGXPDGRODQPEXOXQDQSOHUo|]O
GEOHNOHUPGHNNHOHSoH\\DUPVDDWPWHPkG\HQXUDPDNDUW\ODYHW|USOHNHVPHN
VXUHW\OH oNDUODEOG 1H]GPH VWDQEXO
GD EXOXQPX VkEN DWDHPOWHU EU QJO] ]kEW

246

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

JHOG 1H oQ EX NDGDU PXNkYHPHW J|VWHUGP YH DUNDGDODUPQ QH]GQH JHWUOPHNGHQ
EDUHWRODQEXVHYNPHVHOHVQHQHVHEHEOHPXKDOHIHWHWGPVRUGX9HQJO]OHUKDNNQGD
IHQDINUOHUEHVOHGPoQWHGkEvUFHEU\H\HPUDFDDWPHFEXU\HWQGHNDOQGQV|\OH
G%XQGDQDQO\RUGXPNEXHIDDWGHQPWHYHOOGNDEDKDWEHQPPXKDOHIHWPHKDPOHGO
PHNVWHQ\RUGX%HQE]P]kEWkQQEXJEKXQKkUONODDOkNDODUROPDGQKHUNHVQNHQG
YD]IHV\OH WJkO HWGQ V|\OH\QFH JOG YH WHVHOOv KkWU HGHUHN \DQPGDQ D\UOG %U
PDQJDQQWDKWPXKDID]DVQGDoJQNDOGP%XPGGHW]DUIQGDKDUDUHWHPVHPDU]
EUDNOPDNVXUHW\OHDoNGDEH\WWHWHWGUOGP*QG]NYHJHFHoQHYEHWFQHIHUVQ
JO WIHQNOHU\OH EDPGD EHNO\RUODUG *HFHOHU X\NXGDQ X\DQGUODUDN VWFYkE HGO\RU
YHQJO]OHUKDNNQGDQHJEINUOHUEHVOHGPYHHVQD\VHYNPGHNHVEkEPXKDOHIHWP
VRUXOX\RUGX9HFDEQGDWD]\NROXQX\RUGXP%WQEXVXDOOHUHQJO]OHUKDNNQGDKoEU
INUEHVOHPHGPYHEXPXKDOHIHWQHVHU]KOROGXXQXV|\OHPHNOHWDKOvVJUvEkQHW
GP(UWHVJQH\KVDGFYDUQGDHWUDIWHO|UJOHUOHPXKkWVHUkNDUDUJkKQDJ|QGHUOGP
%XUDGDNPHKGkWPVHUkSkNHQFHGHQEDUHWGUhVHUkP]GDQKDVWDEUQHIHUQKDVWDO
KDVHE\OHKGPHWHJWPHNVWHPHPHVQGHQQkD\DNGDROGXXKkOGHNROODUQGDQEUDUDED\D
EDODQDUDNNJQEUDNOGQYHKDVWDOQQNHVEGGHWHWPHV]HUQHKDVWDKkQH\HQDNO
ROXQGXXQXJ|UGP%XHQkDWHPDU]NDODQQHIHUP]QDG0HKPHGG%XQXQDNEHWQ
GHQPDOXPkWGkURODPDGP

QF)UND6YDU%|OPXYD]]DI]kEWQkP]HG
%QJD]O7DKVQ
(VkUHWHGokUROGXXPJQGHQEHU2VPDQOODUGDQJ|UPROGXXPKUPHWYHUk\HW
IHYNDOkGHGHQFGGHQPHPQXQXP

QFX3HQFDEv7DEXUX
QGDQ+DFDGDUKDQ
0HUKDPHW
(VQD\ PXKDUHEHGH GokU HVkUHW RODUDN VKKDWOH %DGDG
D J|WUOGP 2VPDQO
]kEWkQYHHIUkGWDUDIQGDQJ|UPROGXXPKUPHWPDKVXVDGDQVRQGHUHFHPHPQXQNDO
GPGDQGROD\EXYHVND\NHPkOPDK]]\HWOHWDNGPHG\RUXP
NQF/HFHVWHUVKUH7DEXUXPOk]P
VkQvOHUQGHQ)':RRGIHOG

+5079B

247

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

87

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%$'$7$0(5.$.2162/268
1811*/=
(65/(51=<$5(77$/(%

.W
O$PUH
GH HVLU HGLOHQ QJLOL] DVNHUOHULQLQ \ROGD ROPDVQGDQ GROD\ %DGDW
$PHULND.RQVRORVOXX
QXQ]L\DUHWLQHL]LQYHULOPHPHVL

7HPPX]

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
0DKUHPGU
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v  1VDQ VHQH >@ WDUK YH  QXPDUDO WH]NUH QH]kUHWSHQkKvOHU
FHYDEGU
hVHUk\PHUNPH\ROGDEXOXQGXNODUFKHWOH%DGDG$PHUNDNRQVRORVXQXQ]\DUHWQH
PH\GDQNDOPDPROGXXQDYHPHUNPXQKDNNQGDXVXOPWWHKD]HGDUHVQGHPXDPHOHID
HGOPHNGHEXOXQGXXQDPDOXPkWKXVOUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQ
OHK
OHPUQGU
)v5HFHEVHQH>@YHIv0D\VVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOQDPQD
0VWHDU
>P]D@

+56<6B

249

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK7HPPX]VHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUHVHUkV

2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]QHIHUkWQQ\ROGDEXOXQGXNODUQGDQ%DGDG$PH
UNDNRQVRORVXQXQ]\DUHWQHPH\GDQNDOPDGQDYHEXQODUKDNNQGDXVXOPWWHKD]DGD
UHVQGHPXDPHOHIDHGOPHNGHROGXXQDGDU$OWQFXEH
QQQXPDUDVQPXKWHYv
0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOWH]NUHkVDIkQHOHU]HUQH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHWHEONH\I\HW
ROXQPX G %X NHUH VHIkUHWGHQ FHYDEHQ DOQDQ PXKWUDGD VHUk PHUNPHQQ NDPHW HW
GUOGNOHUPDKDOOHUQWHEOROXQPDPDVYH%DGDG
GDN$PHUNDNRQVRORVXQDPHPXUvQ
PDKDOO\HFHPVDDGHHGOPHPHVKXVXVXSHNGHPFEKRQXGvDGGROXQ>PD\@DFDQJO
WHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QGHQFHYDEHQEOGUOGEH\kQYHVDOI
]]NUVHUkQQEXOXQGXNODU
NDUDUJkKODUHVkPVQQkUYHVHIkUHWPHPXUODUQGDQEUVQQEXQODU]\DUHWQHPVDDGH
NOQPDVOWPDVHGOPHNGHGUID\FDEPHQWUH\GHYOHWOHUGU(PU>X@IHUPkQ

+56<6B

250

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(VLUQJLOL]]DELWOHULDWVWQGHJLGHUNHQ\D\DRODUDNJLGHQ2VPDQODVNHUOHUL
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

251

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

88

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.
7$.%$$5,6,=/,,+$..,1'$1*/=/(51
62580/8$5$<,/$5,

,UDN
WDNLQJLOL]2UGXVX
QXQGWSHULDQKDOGHQPHUNH]KNPHWLOHELUOLNWH
+LQGLVWDQ %DNRPXWDQ 6LU %HDXFKDPS 'XII YH HVNL .RPXWDQ *HQHUDO -RKQ
1L[RQ
XQ VRUXPOX ROGXXQD GDLU 7LPHV *D]HWHVL
QLQ  7HPPX]  WDULKOL
QVKDVQGDNDQELUPDNDOH

7HPPX]

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
,UDN
GDQJO]2UGXVX
QXQKkOSHUvkQ\HW
7HPPX]>@WDUKO7PHVJD]HWHV0HQVv%U.XYYHWVHUQkPHVOHQHUH\
OHGEUEDPDNDOHGH8QRQWH)UNDV+DUE.RPWHV
QQHO&H]vUHDKYkOQIDkOEUGNNDW
YHKWPkPOHQD]DUWEDUDDOPDDNDUDUYHUPHVQYHVOHWWKk]H\OH\HUHNYHKNPHWQ
HO&H]vUHVHIHUQEDGDQEDDWHGNNHGHUHNNDEQH\GGHWOHWHQNGH\OHPHNGHGUQJO]OH
rQ7KDPHV1HKU
QWDQGNODUGHUHFHGH'FOHKDYDOVGDK+QGVWDQ+NPHWQFHPDOXP
ROGXXKkOGHQHKUPH]NUVHYN\kWQGDPHKGRODQYHQHWFHWEDU\ODkVDPQFHURODQ
WH]HE]EQKoEUVXUHWOHNkEODIYRODPD\DFDQYHYHVkWQDNO\\HYHRUGXXPUkH
YHXPUVKK\HVQFHJ|UOHQQHNk\VQYHEXYH]kIYHKGHPkWGDNGDUHQQSHNIHQD
ROGXXQXHGvGEUOVDQOH]NUYHWDGkGHG\RU*D]HWHPHVUGkWQDGHYDPHGHUHNQJOWHUH
+NPHW
QQdDQDNNDOH
GHROGXXJEHO&H]vUH
GHGDKGokUROGXXPXYDIIDN\HWV]ON
OHUGHQKHQ]EUHWEvQRODUDNDNOQEDQDWRSODPDGQYH.kQQ6kQv
GHQEHU,UDN
DJ|Q
GHUOHQNXYYHPGDG\\HQQKDUHNkWYHFUDDWQDGDUKoEUPDOXPkWYHUHPHGQEH\kQOH
KNPHW0DUW
QVHN]QFJQ*HQHUDO$\OPHUNXPDQGDVQGDRODUDN\DSODQKDUHNkWDGDU
PXQWD]DURODQUDSRUODUQ+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QHYUGHWPHGQJHoHQSD]DUWHVJQ$YDP
.DPDUDV
QGDV|\OHPG+HUKkOGHEXUDSRUODUQYUGXQGDDoNEUOVDQOHKkOYHPHYNQ
WDVYUHGOHFHQYHQJO]OHUQ(V6QQPHYNQGHQPDK]kVXINGkQQGDQGROD\oHNO
GNOHUQHGDURODQEH\kQkWUHVP\H\HUQHKDNNDWHQPXNkUQ]DKkWYHUOHFHPGQ
]KkUH\O\RU+XOkVDEXPGKSHUkQOQVHEHEDVOvV%DVUD.|UIH]
QGHNQHYkKvGHOWD
\\HGHQ%DGDG
DGRUXKXGXGPXKDID]DVoQWHUWEYHWHNOHGOHQYHEUNVP$YUXSD
\D

253

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

VHYNROXQDQRUGXOHPVWDFHOHQOHUOHPHNKHYHVQGHQQHHWH\OHGQYHQHUFkOV\DV\H
YHQHGHPHUk\DVNHU\HQQPG\HNDGDUUWNkEHWPHGNOHUE|\OHKDIIPHUHEkQHKD
UHNHWGHQGROD\+NPHW0HUNH]\\HOH+QGVWDQ%DNXPDQGDQ6U%HDXFKDPS'XII
Q
YHEXP\kQGDVkENNXPDQGDQ-RKQ1[RQ
XQPHVXOROGXNODUQGHUP\kQOHKDWPPDNkO
H\OHPHNGHGU
%kOkGDPXKDUUHUINUDQQJD]HWHOHUOHQHUUFDROXQXU
)v5DPD]DQVHQH>@YHIv7HPPX]VHQH>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPv
VWKEkUkWXEHV0GU
>P]D@

+5079

254

.
.
7
7

/$05
5(
(  = $ )(5
)(
(5
5

.W
O$PkUH
GHQEUNDoPDQ]DUD
+DUS0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

89

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'((65$/,1$11*/=
$6.(5/(516$<,6,

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQDQQJLOL]VXED\YHDVNHUOHULQLQPLNWDUQQQJLOL]OHUWDUD
IQGDQLODQHGLOHQGHQID]ODROGXXQDGDLU2VPDQO%DNXPDQGDQO
QGDQ\DSODQ
UHVPWHEOL

$XVWRV

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GHDOGP]VHUkPNGDUQJOWHUH+NPHWDOW\]]kEWROPDN]H
UHFHPDQRODUDNOkQHG\RUVDGDKDNNDWE|\OHGHOGU0HFPVHUk  ROXS
EXQXQ  ]kEWGU
%XPDOPkWQ0OOv$MDQVYDVWDV\ODKHPGDKOYHKHPGHKDUFHQHUYHKDUFH\D
SODQQ)UDQV]FDVXUHWQQXEH\HUVkOUFDROXQXU
)v7HPPX]>@
.DUDUJkK8PXPvVWKEkUkWXEHV
0GU
(GE

+5079

257

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

90

+5079B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'((65('/(1+17/0h6/h0$1
68%$</$5,1+$5(.(76(5%(676

.W
O$PUH
GH HVLU HGLOHQ +LQWOL 0VOPDQ VXED\ODUQ ED\UDPGD NO WD\S
VHUEHVWJH]PHOHULQHL]LQYHULOGLLYHED\UDPODPDPHUDVLPLQGHSDGLDKQKX]X
UXQDNDEXOHGLOGLNOHUL

$XVWRV

%kEOv
0DWEkW8PXPv\H0GU\HW

=kW KD]UHW 3DGDKv .W


O$PkUH
GH HVU HGOHQ +QGO 0VOPDQ ]kEWkQQ PD
NDPKOkIHWHNDUE
O]WUkUKDUEHWUDNH\OHGNOHUQGHQGROD\ED\UDPGDPPkOH\KPQ
EDGHPkNOoWDPDODUQDYHVHUEHVWRODUDNJH]PHOHUQHPVDDGHEX\XUPXODUGUXVXUHWOH
PD]KDUOXWIKOkIHWSHQkKvRODQ]kEWkQED\UDPPQDVHEHW\OHPXk\HGHKPk\QGDEX
OXQDUDNKX]XUHYNHWPHYIUKD]UHW3DGDKv\HNDEXOHGOPHNHUHIQHPD]KDUROPXODU
YH FVPkQv KPk\QD \]OHUQ J|]OHUQ VUHUHN OXWI FHOvO KOkIHWSHQkKv\H NDU WDN
GPNUDQHWPOHUGU

+5079B

259

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

91

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/7(5(+h.0(77$5$),1'$11*/=9(+17
(65/(5(*g1'(5/(&(.<$5',0/$5

2VPDQO 2UGXVX
QXQ HOLQGHNL +LQWOL HVLUOHUH QJLOWHUH +NPHWL WDUDIQGDQ WD
UDIV]ELUJHPLLOH0HUVLQ/LPDQ
QDXODWUOPDN]HUHHNHUOHPH\HULQHELULQFL
GHUHFHGHLKWL\DODURODQHOELVHD\DNNDEDPDUYHUWJQGHULOPHVLQLQGDKD
X\JXQRODFDKXVXVXQXQ$PHULND6HIUHWLDUDFO\ODQJLOWHUH+NPHWL
QHELO
GLULOPHVLQHGDLU%DNXPDQGDQON9HNOHWL
QLQ+DULFL\H1H]UHWL
QH\D]G\D]V

$XVWRV

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK7HPPX]VHQH>@

2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW
QH
7HPPX]VHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]kNUDO\\HkVDIkQHOHU
FHYDEGU
QJOWHUH+NPHWWDUDIQGDQQJO]OHUHPDKVXVJ|QGHUOHFHNPDO]HPHQQEvWDUDIEU
JHP]HUQGHROPDNDUW\OD0HUVQ/PDQ
QDKUDFROXQDFDYHKDQJKNPHWED\UDQ
KkPO KDQJ JHPQQ QH ]DPDQ 0HUVQ
H JHOHFHQQ EOGUOPHV$PHUND 6HIkUHW
QH kU
HGOPGU 6HIkUHW
GHQ EX VUDGD DOQDQ PXKWUDGD PHPkON 2VPDQ\\H
GHN +QGO HVU
OHUHPDKVXVROPDN]HUHRQDOWWRQHNHUOHPHQQYUGXQD3RUWVDG
GHNQJO]PHPXUvQ
DVNHU\HVWDUDIQGDQQW]kUYHH\D\PH]NUHQQQHVXUHWOHPH]NUVHUk\DvVkOHGOHFH
QQWHOJUDIOHEOGUOPHVPHPXUvQPH]NUHWDUDIQGDQVWIVkUROXQGXXEOGUOPHNGHGU
6HIkUHWHYHUOHFHNFHYDEQVHUvDQQEkEX\XUXOPDVPHQWUH\kOvkVDIkQHOHUGU(PU
XIHUPkQ

+56<6B

261

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
+D\O]DPDQGDQEHU,UDN
QKkUU>X@VFDNODUQDDOPRODQHVU+QGO]kEWkQYHHIUk
GQPHPOHNHWP]QNQHGkGKDYD\\HVQHPXNkYHPHWHGHEOPHVQWHPQoQEXQODUD
HNHUOHPHGHQVDUIQD]DUODPXKWDoROGXNODUEUQFGHUHFHGHHOEVHD\DNNDEoDPDU|UW
QQYHNQFGHUHFHGHJGD\DOk]PRODQHWPHQQJ|QGHUOPHVOk]PJHOHFHQQYHEXJE
PHYkGGQ0HUVQ
HHYYHOFHDU]XkUROXQGXXYHFKOHYDNW\OHEOGUOHFHNYHPH]Q\HW
VWKVkOROXQDFDNEvWDUDIEUJHP]HUQGHJ|QGHUOPHVO]XPXQXQ$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHE
OkEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)vHYYDOVHQH>@YHIv$XVWRVVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

262

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

VWDQEXO0HUNH].RPXWDQO|QQGHEUHVUQJO]JUXEX
%UQF'Q\D+DUE$OEP
*HQHONXUPD\%DNDQO$VNHU7DUKYH6WUDWHMN
(WW $7$6( 'DUH%DNDQO$UY

263

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

92

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((65/(51'(1*(1(5$/0(//6
1&(%1'(1
<$37,,+$5&$0$/$5,1.(1'61(g'(10(67$/(%

.W
O$PUH HVLUOHULQGHQ *HQHUDO 0HOOLVV
LQ %XUVD
\D GQ VUDVQGD QJLOL]
DVNHUOHUL LLQ NHQGL FHELQGHQ \DSW KDUFDPD EHGHOL RODQ NUN OLUDQQ WDUDIQD
GHQPHVLWDOHEL

$XVWRV

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
.W
O$PkUHVHUkVQGDQ*HQHUDO0HOOVV%XUVD
\DDYGHWOHUHVQDVQGDQJO]HIUkG
QDEHUk\PXkYHQHWNHQGWDUDIQGDQNUNOUDVDUIHWGQEH\kQHGHUHNEXSDUDQQNHQG
VQHDGHVQUFDHWPHNGHGU.H\I\HWQ$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHEOk\ODEXPHEODQPPk
OH\K*HQHUDOQDPQDFHOEHVEkEQQVWNPkOYHQEkEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPU
XIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)vHYYDOVHQH>@YHIv$XVWRVVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

265

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

93

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'((65$/,1$11*/=
$6.(5/(5116(9.

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQDQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQLQNDUDUODWUODQ\HUOHUHVHYNROXQ
GXNODU%DGDWYHGLHU\HUOHUGHHVLUHGLOHQJHQHUDOODULOHQJLOL]VXED\YHHUDW
QQKYL\HWELOJLOHULQHDLWG]HQOHQHQOLVWHOHULQGH+LOOL$KPHUDUDFO\ODLOJLOL
PHUFLOHUHJQGHULOGLLKXVXVXQXQ$PHULND6HIUHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVL

$XVWRV

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]NXYkVP\kQQGDEXOXQGXX$PHUND6HIkUHW
QQ
kU]HUQHDQODODQKGPHWNkUkQOHEXQODUQHIHQGOHUQHGDUKXVXVvEUPDOXPkW\RN
GXU7HVOPRODQQJO]NXYYHWDOH
OXPXP]kEWkQKH\HWVKK\\HYHHIUkGDVNHU\\HYH
EUNDoSDSDVGDQEDUHWROXSPDKDOOPUHWWHEOHUQHVHYNROXQPXGXU0DDKk]kQJO]YH
+QGO]kEWkQDNHQGFQVOHUQGHQD\UFDKDGHPHQHIHUOHUYHUOPGU%DGDG
GDYHPHPk
ON2VPDQ\\H
QQFKkWVDUHVQGHHVUHGOHQ*HQHUDOOHUOHQJO]]kEWkQYHHIUkGQQ
KY\HWOHUQHGDUWHUWEYHWDQ]PNOQDQOVWHOHU+OkO$KPHUYkVWDV\ODPDNDPGHYOHW
OHUQHUVkOYHWDNGPNOQPDNGDGU2OYHFKOH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHEOkNH\I\HWEX\XUXO
PDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)vHYYDOVHQH>@YHIv$XVWRVVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

267

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

94

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((65/(51'(1<h=%$,0*(/
0$7/$1':/621
816$/,.'85808

.W
O$PUH
GH HVLU DOQDQ 7RZQVKHQG RUGXVXQD PHQVXS WK *XUNKD 5LIOHV
\]EDODUQGDQ0LJHO0DLWODQG:LOVRQKDNNQGDDLOHVLQLQELOJLWDOHELYH:LOVRQ
XQ
.DVWDPRQXHVLUJDUQL]RQXQGDEXOXQGXXYHVKKDWLQLQL\LROGXX

$XVWRV


>+XOkVD@%UQJO]]kEWKDNNQGDWDKNNkW
OWPDVQDGDU

+DUF\H1k]UGHYOHWO+DOO%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQ
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGRUGXVXQDPHQVXEWK*XUNKD5HV\]EDODUQGDQROXSDQO
RUGXPX]XQEXGHID.W
O$PkUH
GHKUk]HWPROGXXSDUODNPXYDIIDN\HWQHWFHVQGHHVU
GGPHOK]EXOXQDQ&DSWDQ0JHO0DWODQG:OVRQ
XQEHUKD\DWROXSROPDGQDGDU
PDOXPkWVWKVkO]PQQGDDOHVQQYkNRODQUFDV]HUQH+ROODQGDOPXWHEHUEU]kWWD
UDIQGDQkF]OHUQHPUDFDDWHGOHUHNVWUKkPkWPDKVXVDGDEXOXQXOPXYHNHQGVQHQJO
WHUHKXNXNX$PHUND+NPHWWDUDIQGDQKPD\HHGOPHNGHROGXXFKHWOH/DKH\$PHUND
6HIkUHW
QHPUDFDDWHWPHVO]XPXEH\kQHGOPVHGH+NPHW2VPDQ\\H
QQGPDQ
VHUkYHPHFUKvQQHEUk]HWPHNGHROGXXFPOHFHPDOXPROXSGPDQJD]HWHOHUQGHEOH
EUOVDQWDNGUYHVWk\OH]NUHGOHJHOHQPXDPHOHQVDQ\HWNkUkQHYHkOvFHQkEkQH\H
EQkHQWDOHEROXQDQPDOXPkWQVWKVkOQH6HIkUHW6HQ\\H
QQGHOkOHWQPXVUUkQHEUVXUHW
GHUFDYH]PQHQ$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHPUDFDDWGDQEUQHWFHKkVORODPD\DFDQGDKPk
HWPROGXXQGDQ]kWVkPvOHUQFHGDKEUPDK]XUJ|UOPHGKkOGHPDOXPkWPDU]DQQ
VUDW PPNQH OH HOGH HGOHUHN kF]OHUQH WHEO YkEHVWH PHQW UH\ kOvOHUGU 2O
EkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v0D\VVHQH
/DKH\6HIU
>P]D@

+56<6B

269

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK0D\VVHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUH
GHHVURODQEUQJO]\]EDV

2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
QH
*HQHUDO 7RZQVKHQG RUGXVXQD PHQVXE WK *XUNKD 5HV \]EDODUQGDQ ROXS .
W
O$PkUH
GH HVU GG PHOK] EXOXQDQ &DSWDQ 0JHO 0DWODQG :OVRQ
XQ EHUKD\DW
ROXSROPDGQDGDUPDOXPkWVWKVkO+ROODQGDOPXWHEHUEU]kWWDUDIQGDQUFDROXQGX
XQGDQEDKVOHED]IDGkWYHPDOXPkWPDWOEHQQVUDWPPNQHOHVWKVkOYHkUQ
KkYvRODUDN/DKH\VHIUEH\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQGHQDOQDQWDKUUkWQVXUHWOHIIHQWHV\vUNOQG
%XEkEGDNPDOXPkWQQEkEX\XUXOPDVPHUKQUH\kVDIkQHOHUGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B
***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v0D\VVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
&DSW 0JHO 0DWODQG :OVRQ
XQ .W
O$PkUH
GHQ DOQDQ VHUk P\kQQGD HO\HYP
.DVWDPRQXVHUkJDUQ]RQXQGDEXOXQGXXYHVKKDW\ROXQGDROGXXDQODOPROPDNODRQD
J|UHNW]DVQQIDEX\XUXOPDVPHUFGXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHP
UQGU
)vHYYDOVHQH>@YHIv$XVWRVVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOQDPQD
(UNkQ+DUE\H5HV)HUN
9%URQVDUW

+56<6B
270

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\G1XPDUDV
7DUK$XVWRVVHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUHVHUkVQGDQ<]ED
0JHO0DWODQG:OVRQ>XQ@HVkUHW

/DKH\6HIU9HNO0XKWkU%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQH
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUGGPHOK]EXOXQDQ*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGRUGXVXQDPHQVXE
ROXS &DSWDQ 0JHO 0DWODQG :OVRQ
XQ EHUKD\DW ROXS ROPDGQD GDU PDOXPkW VWKVkO
KDNNQGD6HIkUHW6HQ\\H
QQ0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWDKUUkW]HU
QH2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QGHQVWIVkUNH\I\HWHGOPG
0PkOH\KQJO]]kEWQQ.W
O$PkUH
GHQDOQDQVHUkP\kQQGDHO\HYP.DVWDPRQX
VHUkJDUQ]RQXQGDEXOXQGXXYHVKKDW\ROXQGDGDQODOPROGXXYHNkOHWPk
UXQOH\KkGDQEkWH]NUHFHYDE\\HkUNOQPDNGDGU(PUXUkGHHIHQGPKD]UHWOHUQQ
GU

+56<6BDE

271

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

95

'87B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

3586<$/,3$8/:$1
,1%(67(/('.7h
/$05(
=$)(50$5,
1,10(0181<(7/(.$5,/$1',,1,1
.(1'61(%/'5/0(6

1XPDUDO.QQLJ)ULHGULFK:LOKHOP*ULQDG\D$OD\2UNHVWUD0GU3UXV\D
O 3DXO ZDQ
Q .W
O$PUH ]DIHUL\OH LOJLOL EHVWHOHGLL .W
O$PUH DGO ]DIHU
PDUQQ 2VPDQO 3DGLDK WDUDIQGDQ PHPQXQL\HWOH NDEXO HGLOGLLQLQ WDUDIQD
ELOGLULOPHVL

(\OO

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
7HUFPH0GU\HW
$WHEHXO\k\KD]UHW3DGDKv\H+D]UDQ
VHQH>@WDUKYH3UXV\D
GD.|QJVEHUJHKUQGH5KHVD6RND
QGDQXPDUDOPDKDOGH
PXNPEHVWHNDUYHQXPDUDO.|QQJ)UHGUFK
:OKHOP*UQDG\D$OD\
QGDRUNHVWUDPGU3DXOZDQP]DVOHWDNGPNOQDQDUv]DQQ
WHUFPHVGU

=kWKD]UHW3DGDKvOHUQQ$OPDQ\DPXVNvVYHEOKDVVD$OPDQDVNHUvPDUODUKDN
NQGDWHYHFFKEXOXQGXXQXEOGPGHQWDUDIoDNHUDQHPGHQEHVWHOHQHQ.W
O$PkUH
QDP 2VPDQO PX]DIIHU\HW PDUQ QDP QDPv KD]UHW 3DGDKvOHUQH WKDI HWPHN DU]X
VXQGD EXOXQGXXPGDQ EXQXQ OXWIHQ NDEXO EX\XUXOPDVQ VWUKkP H\OHUP .|QJVEHUJ
GH
PXNP NOVH PXVNvV PGU PXDOOP 5HQKROG /UKH\
Q EX HVHU okNHUkQHP KDNNQGD
WDNGUkWQKkYvEUHKkGHWQkPHVQPHUEWDQWDNGPHG\RUXPVWGk\oDNHUDQHPQWD
UDI HUHI KD]UHW 3DGDKvOHUQGHQ PD]KDU KVQ NDEXO EX\XUXOPDV okNHUOHUQFH IHY
NDOkGHEkVPHVHUUHWRODFDQDU]HGHUYHEXYHVOHOHKkNSk\HYNHWKWYk\FHQkE
PONkQHOHUQHWDNGPKWUkPkWIkNDH\OHUP

'87B

273

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
7HUFPH0GU\HW

$VNHURUNHVWUDPGUYHEHVWHNDU3DXOZDQWDUDIQGDQEHVWHOHQHQ.W
O$PkUH
QDP 2VPDQO PX]DIIHU\HWPDUQQ JD\HWVDQDWNkUDQHYH IHQQPXVNv NDYkGQHWDPD
P\ODPXWDENEUVXUHWGHWHUWEROXQGXXYHEUN\PHWKDNN\HIHQQ\H\KD]EXOXQGX
XYHEHVWHNDUPHKXUXQEXHVHUNHOPHQQWDPPDQDVOHEUPX]DIIHU\HWPDUROGXX
EH\kQROXQXU
.RQJVEHUJIv+D]UDQVHQH
'DU
OPXVNvPH]XQODUQGDQYHNLOLVHPXVLNv
PGUPXDOOLP5HLQKROG/LUKH\

'87B

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
.DOHP0DKVXV
+XVXVvQXPDUD
8PXPvQXPDUD
7DUK$XVWRVVHQH>@(\OOVHQH>@

%HUOQ6HIkUHW6HQ\\HV
QH
3UXV\D
GD.|QVJEHUJHKUQGH5KHVDVRNDQGDQXPDUDGDPXNPYHQXPDUDO
.|QQJ)UHGUFK:OKHOP*UQDG\D$OD\
QGD2UNHVWUD0GU3DXOZDQWDUDIQGDQWDQ]P
YHDWHEHVHQ\\HPONkQH\HDU]ROXQDQ.W
O$PkUHQDPQGDNPDUPDQ]UkOvEX
\XUDODUDNPD]KDUNDEXOKPk\QROGXXQXQNHQGVQHWHEOKXVXVXQDUkGHVHQ\\H
KD]UHWPONkQHHUHIVkGUROPDNODID\PXNWH]kVPVWHUKDPGU2OEkEGD

+56<6B

274

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,UDN&HSKHVLQGHELU$OD\QDVNHUOHULVDQFDNLOH
%LULQFL'Q\D+DUEL
QGH7UN+DUEL,UDNUDQ&HSKHVL
QF
&LOW
QFL.VP*HQHONXUPD\%DVPHYL$QNDUDV

275

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

96

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((65/(5111$./1'(
$/,1$17('%5/(5

.W
O$PUH
GHQ+DOHE
HQDNOHGLOHQQJLOL]HVLUOHULQGHQED]ODUQQOGHNDUOD
WNODUVNQWYH]RUOXNODUGDQGROD\\ROGDYHIDWHWGLLQGHQEDKLVOHQDNOHGLOHQYH\D
LOHULGHQDNOHGLOHFHNRODQHVLUOHULQD\QVNQWODUODNDUODPDPDVLLQJHUHNOLWHG
ELUOHULQDOQPDV\ROXQGDQJLOL]+NPHWL
QLQ$PHULND6HIUHWLDUDFO\ODLOHWLOHQ
WDOHEL]HULQHHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQLQQDNLOOHULQGHRND]ELUNVPQQ\ROGD
NHQGLOHULQH L\L EDNODPDG LLQ GHLO VDYD HVQDVQGD \HWHUOL JGD DODPDGNOD
UQGDQGROD\YFXWODUQQOVFDNODUQDGLUHQVL]NDOSYHIDWHWWLNOHULHVLUOHULQ
QDNOLQH EDODQPDGDQ QFH JHUHN O ]HULQGH JHUHNVH NRQDNODQDFDN \HUOHUGH
JHUHNOLWHGELUOHULQDOQGHVLUOHULQJLWPHOHULNDUDUODWUODQ\HUOHUHHPQL\HWOLELU
HNLOGHD\QFHVLQGHQJQGHULOGLNOHULYH%DGDWYH6DPDUUD
GDVHYNHGLOHFHN
KLELUQJLOL]HVLULNDOPDGKXVXVXQXQ$PHULND6HIUHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVL

(\OO

%kEOv
1H]kUHW+DUF\H
7HUFPH0GU\HW
7DUK$XVWRVVHQH
+XOkVDQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQHGDU
+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH$XVWRVVHQH>@
WDUK\OH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQYkUGRODQ
QXPDUDOWDNUvUIkKvQQWHUFPHVGU

$PHUND 6HIkUHW .W
O$PkUH
GH HVU HGOHQ QJO] VHUk\ KDUE\\HVQQ +DOHE
H
QDNOOHUoQo|OGHQHVQD\PUXUODUQGDEUWDNPPKHQYHPHkNND]vPHOHPDKUXP
\HWOHUHPDU]NDOGNODUQYHVHUk\PHUNPHEHGHQHQ]DvIYHDKYkOVKK\\HOHUPXKWHO
EXOXQPXROPDODUQDUDPHQ\]OHUFHNORPHWUHPHVDIH\Pk\\HQNDWHWPHHPHFEXURO
PXYHEXQXQQHWFHVRODUDNVHUk\PHUNPHGHQNVPD]DPQQ\ROGDYHIDWHWPRO
GXNODUEXNHUHPHQkEPXKWHOIHGHQDOGPDOXPkWGDQDQODOG1H]kUHW&HOvOH+D
UF\H
\HkUH\OHU%kOkGD]NUROXQDQYHNk\PFEWHHVVIROPDNODEHUDEHUVHIkUHWQEX
WDNUvULIDKvOHYHNk\PH]NUHKDNNQGD1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\H
QQQD]DUGNNDWQ
FHOEH\OHPHNGHQPDNVDGYHNk\PPkVOHQQEDGHPkDGHPWHNHUUUYHHO\HYPo|O
GHQPUUHWPHNGHEXOXQDQ VHUk\PHUNPHQQYH\DKXGkW\\HQVHYNHGOHFHNRODQODUQ
VOkKDKYkOOHU]PQQGDWHGkEvUOk]PHWWKk]EX\XUXOPDVQGDQEDUHWGU6HIkUHWQJD\H
>YH@ PDNVDG EXQGDQ EDUHW ROGXXQGDQ HOKkOHW Kk]Kv %DGDG YH\D 6DPDUUD
GD EXOXQDQ
VHUk\PHUNPHQQOk\N\ODDGHVKKDWYHNWVkENXYYHWOHo|OGHEOkPXKkWDUDVH
\DKDWHGHEOHFHNEUKkOHJHOGNGHQVRQUDD]vPHWOHUQHPVDDGHHGOPHVYHHVQD\UkKGD
PXJDGGvJGDODUOHVXUHWNkI\HGHWDJG\HHGOPHOHUVH\DKDWOHUQFHO]XPJ|VWHUHFHNKHU

277

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

JQHKW\DFkWDNDUNHQGOHUQHHWEEk\PXNWHGUHWHUIvNHGOPHVYHVHUk\PHUNPHGHQ
KDVWDRODFDNODUQYH\DKXGPk\\HQ\RODGHYDPHGHPH\HFHNVXUHWGH]DvIGHFHNRODQODUQ
QDNOOHUoQDUDEDODUWHGDUNROXQPDVFDEHGHU(O\HYP\ROGDEXOXQDQVHUkQQ\ROODUQD
GHYDPHGHEOPHOHUoQEXQODUD\JGDHOEVHYHGD\DQNOD\DNNDEODUQYHUOPHVYHOk]P
JHOHQPXkYHQHWWEE\HQQWHPQHGOPHVYHVH\DKDWOHUQGHQPQEDV\RUJXQOXXWDKIvI
oQPPNQRODQKHUH\Q\DSOPDVoQVHUk\PHUNPHQQEXOXQGXNODUPDKDOOHUPH
PXUQvQHGHUKDOWHOJUDDHPUYHUOPHVQ1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\H
GHQUFDH\OHU

+56<6BDE

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK$XVWRVVHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUH
GHQQJO]VHUkVQQ
QDNOOHU

2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQQ+DOHE
HQDNOOHUoQo|OGHQ
HVQD\PUXUODUQGDPKHQYHPHkNND]vPHYHPDKUXP\HWOHUHPDU]NDOGNODUYHEHGH
QHQ]DvIYHDKYkOVKK\\HVPXKWHOEXOXQPXROPDODUQDUDPHQ\]OHUFHNORPHWUHPHVD
IH\Pk\\HQNDWDPHFEXUROPDODUQHWFHVRODUDNEXQODUGDQNVPD]DPQQ\ROGDYHIDW
HWGNOHU PDOXPkW PVWDKVDODGDQ DQODOGQGDQ EDKVOH YHNk\ PPkVOHQQ EDGHPk
DGHPWHNHUUUYHHOKkOHWKk]Kv VHUk\PHUNPHGHQo|OGHQPUUHWPHNGHEXOXQDQ
ODUQ \DKXG kW\\HQ VHYN HGOHFHNOHUQ WHUIvK KkOOHU ]PQQGD WHGkEvU Ok]PH WWKk] YH
HO\HYP %DGDG YH\DKXG 6DPDUUD
GD EXOXQDQ VHUkQQ \ROODUQD GHYDP HGHEOPHOHU oQ
EXQODUD\JGDHOEVHYHGD\DQNOD\DNNDEODUYHUOPHVYHOk]PJHOHQPXkYHQHWWEE
\HQQWHPQHGOPHVYHVH\DKDWOOHUQGHQPQEDV\RUJXQOXXWDKIvIoQPPNQRODQKHU
H\Q\DSOPDV]PQQGDVHUk\PH]NUHQQEXOXQGXNODUPDKDOOHUPHPXUQQHWHOJUDD
HPUYHUOPHVOWPDVYHED]IDGkWPXKWHYv$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQDOQDQ$XVWRVVHQH
>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWDNUvUQWHUFPHVOHIIHQWHV\vUNOQGID\FDEPHQW
UH\GHYOHWOHUGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

***

278

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQQJO]]kEWkQYHHIUDGQQPDKDOOPUHWWHEOHUQHHVQD\
QDNOOHUQGHoOHUQGHQVWNVkUHGOHPH\HFHNNDGDUEUNVPNDOvOQYHIDWHWGDQODOP
YHEXQODUQYXNXYHIDWVHWDUDIP]GDQNHQGOHUQHEDNODPDPDNGDQQHHWHWPH\SKHQ
JkP PXKDVDUDGD KD\O PGGHW JGD\ NkI DODPDPDODU QHWFHV RODUDN YFXGFD ]DvI YH
EvWkEv\H GokU ROPDODUQGDQ YH EX VXUHWOH o|OQ VFDQD YH \ROXQ PHkNNQD WkEkYHU
PXNkYHPHWRODPDPDODUQGDQOHUJHOPGU
.W
O$PkUHVHUkVQQVHYNOHUQHEDODQPD]GDQDNGHPo|O]HUQGHYHNRQDNPHY
NOHUQGH UDKDWODUQ WHPQH NkIO KHU WUO WHUWEkW DK] HGOP YH KHU NRQDD YUGODUQ
GDNHQGOHUQHPNkQQPVDDGHVQVEHWQGHVFDN\HPHNWkNOQPYH
OKkVOKDNODUQGD
NHQGHIUkGP]JEID\PXDPHOHHGOPYHEXVD\HGHROGXNoDPNGDUNHVvURODQ.
W
O$PkUHVHUkVQQSHND]YHIH\kWODPDKDOOPUHWWHEOHUQHVHYNOHUQHPXYDIIDN\HWKkVO
ROPXGXU.W
O$PkUHVHUkVEXQGDQWDPoPkKPXNDGGHPPDKDOOPUHWWHEOHUQHVHYN
YH]kPHGOGNOHUFKHWOHPGON%DGDGYH6DPDUUD
GDVHYNHGOHFHNQJO]NDOPDP
GU2OYHFKOH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHEOkNH\I\HWEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUX
IHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v=ONDGHVHQH>@YHIv(\OOVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6

279

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

97

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.21<$
'$.1*/=(65/(511%856$
<$
1$./('/0(67$/(%

$PHULND6HIUHWL
QLQ.RQ\D
\D\HUOHWLULOHQQJLOL]HVLUOHULQLQ%XUVD
\DQDNOHGLOPH
VLWDOHELQLQUHGGL

(\OO

%kEOv
'DUH+DUF\H
.DOHP0DKVXV

.RQ\D
GDEXOXQDQQJO]VHUkVQQ%XUVD
\DQDNOQHPDK]XUROXSROPDGQ+DUE\H
1H]kUHW
QGHQEkWH]NUHVWIVkUROXQPDV
6XDO
6\DV\H
\H

+56<6B

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK(\OOVHQH>@
+XOkVD.RQ\D
GDEXOXQDQQJO]VHUkVQQ
%XUVD
\DQDNO

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUWXWXOXS.RQ\D
GDNDPHWHWGUOHQQJO]VHUkVQQ%XUVD
\DQD
NOOHUEXNHUH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQOWPDVNOQPROPDNODKXVXVPH]NUXQGkvPDK
]XUROXSROPDGQQkUEX\XUXOPDVPHQWUH\kOvkVDIkQHOHUGUHIHQGP

+56<6B

281

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
(\OOVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
.RQ\D
GDNDPHWHWGUOHQQJO]VHUkVQQ%XUVD
\DQDNOOHUQHEUPHFEXU\HWJ|UO
PHPHNGHROGXXQGDQROYHFKOH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHFHYDEWkEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2O
EkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v=OKFFHVHQHYHIv(\OOVHQH
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

282

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

QJLOL]OHULQHOLQGHQ.W
O$PkUH
QLQDOQPDVVRQUDVPL]DKJD]HWHVL.DUDJ|]
Q
0D\VWDULKOLVD\VQGD\HUDOPELUNDULNDWU

283

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

98

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%$'$7
7$7('$9('/(1(651*/=
$6.(5/(51(*g1'(5/(&(.<$5',0

.W
O$PUHHVLUOHULQGHQROXS%DGDW
WDWHGDYLHGLOPHNWHRODQRWX]QJLOL]DV
NHULLLQ,UDN
WDNLQJLOL]/LYVWDUDIQGDQJQGHULOHFHNH\DYHHU]NQNHQGLOHULQH
YHULOPHN]HUHWHVOLPDOQDELOHFHLKXVXVXQXQ%DNXPDQGDQON9HNOHWL
QGHQQ
JLOWHUH+NPHWL
QHELOGLULOPHN]HUH+DULFL\H1H]UHWL
QH\D]OG

.DVP

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
QJOWHUH+NPHWWDUDIQGDQ0HUVQ/PDQ
QDJ|QGHUOHFHNPDO]HPHNVk\\HQQ
PG\H NDGDU J|QGHUOPHG PDOXP GHYOHWOHUGU 0DD Kk]k .W
O$PkUH VHUkVQGDQ
KDVWDRODUDN%DGDG
GDNDOPYHRUDGDWDKWWHGDY\HDOQPRWX]QJO]QHIHUoQ,UDN
GD
NQJO]/YkVNXPDQGDQWDUDIQGDQPH]NUX
OPNGDUVHUk\DJ|QGHUOHFHNH\DYHHU]k
NQWDUDIP]GDQNHQGOHUQHYHUOPHN]HUHWHVHOOPHGOHEOHFHQQFHYDEHQkUEX\XUXO
PDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v0XKDUUHPVHQH>@YHIv7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
>P]D@
(QYHU

+56<6B

285

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

99

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((65%$=,+17/68%$</$5,1
67$1%8/
'$%8/81'8./$5,6,5$'$$0(5.$1
6()$5(7
1'(13$5$$/0$/$5,

.W
O$PUH
GH HVLU HGLOHQ ED] +LQWOL VXED\ODUQ SDGLDKD VD\JODUQ VXQPDN
LLQVWDQEXO
GDEXOXQGXNODUVUDGD$PHULND6HIUHWL
QGHQSDUDDOPDODU]HULQH
VHIDUHWKDQHQLQSURWHVWRHGLOPHVLYH$PHULNDQ6HIUHWL
QLQ\DSWDNODPDYH
NRQXLOHLOJLOLRODUDNLVLPOHULOLVWHOLELUJXUXS+LQWOL]ELWLQEH\QW

.DVP

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@7HUvQ6kQvVHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUHVHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ
+QGO]kEWkQQDOGPHEkO

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW
QH
.W
O$PkUH VHUk\ KDUE\\HVQGHQ ROXS ]kW HYNHWVPkW KD]UHW 3DGDKv\H
DU] WD]vPkW HWPHN ]HUH 'HUVDkGHW
H JHOHQ YH DKvUHQ (VNHKU JDUQ]RQXQD DYGHW HGHQ
+QGOHVU]kEWkQQ'HUVDkGHW
GHEXOXQGXNODUPGGHW]DUIQGD5REHUW&ROOHJH0HNWHE
QH
PHQVXE\HWWDKDNNXNHGHQPXDOOPOHUGHQEUQQGDYHWYHGHOkOHWOH$PHUND6HIkUHWKkQH
V
QHJGHUHNN\]RWX]NVUOUDDK]H\OHGNOHUQGHQ6HIkUHWKDQH
QQEXKDOQQGGHWOH
SURWHVWRHGOPHVYHWHNHUUUQHPH\GDQYHUOPHPHVKDNNQGDNNQFXEH
QQQX
PDUDVQPXKWHYv$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHU]HUQHVHIkUHWPk
UXQOH\Kk\DWHEOJkWOk]PHFUDROXQPXG%XEkEGDED]IDGkWYHWDIVODWKkYvRODUDN
6HIkUHW
GHQFHYDEHQDOQDQWDNUvUUWHUFPHVOHIIHQWHV\vUNOQG(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

287

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%kEOv
1H]kUHW+DUF\H
7HUFPH0GU\HW
1XPDUD
7DUK7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH
+XOkVD(VUKDUEEXOXQDQ+QGO]kEWkQKDNNQGD
+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH
>@WDUK\OH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQYkUGRODQ
QXPDUDOWDNUvUIkKvQQWHUFPHVGU

(VU KDUE ROXS 'HUVDkGHW


 ]\DUHWOHUQH DKvUHQ PVDDGH HGOP EXOXQDQ +QGO
]kEWkQDNHQGVWDUDIQGDQYXNXEXODQED]WHG\kWGDQEkKV1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\H
QQ
(\OOVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOP]HNNUHIkK\\HVDK]ROXQGX6HIkUHWEX
1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\HFHNHQGVQHkUHGOGYHFK]HUHDUv]YHDPvNWHGNNHWP
ROPDNOD XUDVQ PVkUDDWHQ QH]kUHW PkUXQOH\Kk\D EH\kQ H\OHU N ]kEWkQ PPk
OH\KPQ5REHUW&ROOHJHPXDOOPOHUQGHQEUQQWHYNYHK]kU]HUQH6HIkUHW
HPUDFDDW
H\OHPROGXNODUKDNNQGDPHPXUvQDVNHU\\H2VPDQ\\HWDUDIQGDQYXNXEXODQkUEv
DVOYHHVDVGU5REHUW&ROOHJH
QQHPXDOOPOHUQGHQEUQHGHEXPHVVHVH\HYH\D6HIkUHW
H
PHQVXE EU NPVH EX ]kEWOHU 6HIkUHW
HQH JHWUPQH GH GDYHWH\OHPGU XUDV k\kQ
kUGUNEXNH\I\HWVXUHWkUYHFKOHFHUH\kQHWPROVD\GEOHPHPXUvQ2VPDQ\\H
WDUDIQGDQ]kEWkQPPkOH\KPQHKUGHVHUEHVWoHJH]PHOHUQHPVDDGHHGOPROPDV
QDPHEQv EXQXQKDGG]kWQGDk\kQPXkKD]HEUKkOYHKDUHNHWRODPD\DFDGHUNkUG
hoHUG|UGHUNONPXKWHOIJUXSODUGDQPUHNNHEROXSNOoODUQKkPOEXOXQDQYHUHIDNDWOH
UQGH2VPDQO]kEWkQEXOXQPDVQDQD]DUDQVHUEHVWvKDUHNkWKD]ROGXNODUQPk\kQRODQ
ED] ]kEWkQ 'HUVDkGHW
GH HVQD\ NDPHWOHUQGH E
GGHIDkW 6HIkUHW
H JHOPOHU YH PXKWDo
ROGXNODUH\DGDQEUoRXNHQGIDGHOHUQFH(VNHKU
GHEXOXQDPDGYHEXH\DQQWHGD
UN6HIkUHW
GHQ]\DGHNHQGOHUQFHVHKOROXQDFDQE
OEH\kQNHQGOHUQHNONHOEVHWUk
HWPHN ]HUH SDUD WDOHE H\OHPOHUGU 7DOHE YkNOHU PDNO J|UOPHVQH YH NHQGOHUQQ
KHPHQ(VNHKU
HDYGHWOHUPXKWHPHOEXOXQPDVQGDQGROD\YDNWQGDUOKDVHE\OHWHKU
PDVODKDWFD]ROPDPDVQDEQkHQkQI
OEH\kQPDNVDGDVDUIROXQPDNYHDOWPVHN]]kEW
P\kQQGDWHY]vYHWDNVPHGOPHN]HUHEXQODUGDQHQE\NUWEH\KD]RODQG|UW]kEWH
6HIkUHWFH  OUD\ 2VPDQv Wk NOQPGU Wk NOQDQ SDUDQQ +OkO$KPHU &HP\H
W YHVkWDW\OD VHUk\ KDUE\\H\H EHUPXWkG YHUOHQ PHEkOGHQ ROPDGQQ YH ]kEWkQ
PPkOH\KPQ6HIkUHW
HPUDFDDWHWPROPDODUNHQGKDNODUQGDPFEWHYEKYHPXk
KD]HRODPD\DFDQQYH5REHUW&ROOHJHPXDOOPOHUQGHQKoEUQQEXGHEUWDNVUEXOXQ
PDGQQWDIVODWPHUKD]HUQH1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\HFHDQODODFDPHF]PGXU

+56<6BDE

288

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
+QGO]kEWOHUWDUDIQGDQ\D]G \D]ODQ 
EH\kQQWHUFPHVGU

'HUVDkGHW0HUNH].XPDQGDQO
QD
]]HWOHIHQGP
dkNHUOHUQ]DDGDNEH\kQJD\HWOk]PJ|UUNHQK]PHWkOvOHUQHSvNHHG\RUX]
%]QJO]OHUQ+QGONWDkWDVNHU\HQQ]kEWROGXXoQYH'HYOHW$O\\H2V
PDQ\\H
GHHVUROGXXoQ\DOQ]EXNKNPHWOHDOkNDGkU]hoQFEUKNPHWOHKoEU
DOkNDP]\RNGXU(IUkGP]GDQED]ODUE]GHQPHYHUHYH]QDOPDNV]Q$PHUNDQ6HIkUHW
KkQHV
QGHQPXkYHQHWPkO\HWDOHEHWPOHUG2QODUQEXIOHYHWHHEEVHE]PQIHUGHQ
YHPWWHINDQQHIUHWOHEDNDU]'HUVDkGHW
GHKDOIH]vkQP]QPVkIUYHHOWkIkKkQQ
PHYUGROXQGXXoQJD\HWGHUHFHUDKDWYHkUkPYHDVD\GHNHQKoEUNPVHWDUDIQGDQ
PXkYHQHWPDO\H\HKW\DFP]\RNGXUYHE|\OHEUPXkYHQHWKoEUYDNWNDEXOHWPH\]
%XE]GHE\NEUUH]kOHWGU
%]GHQEWQEWQHIUkGP]EXUH]vOkQHEUIOGHPWHUNGHO]YHUGP]EH\kQ
GDQPDNVDGP]GDEXQXEHOOHWPHNGUHIHQGP
0HKPHG+DQ VREGDU

+NPGkG+DQ

0HKPHG<XVXI+DQ

DKQYD]+DQ

N+DQ

6DKEGkG+DQ FHPGkU

6REGDU(QYHU+VH\Q

)HWK+DQ

'RVW0HKPHG+DQ
FHPGkU

0HKPHGOP POk]P (NEHU+DQ \]ED

9HO\\XOODK'RNWRU

)D]O+VH\Q POk]P
HKED]+DQ FHPGkU
HYYHO

$EGXUUDKPDQ

$OHPGGQ POk]P
HYYHO

/DO0U FHPGkU

0HKPHGgPHU+DQ

0X]DIIHU+DQ POk]P
HKDEHGGQ VREGDU
HYYHO

H\K0HKPHG'RNWRU

dHUDHGGQ VREGDU

0U]D0HKPHG%H\
VREGDU

$OODKQXU VREGDU

289

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

+DQ=DPDQ POk]P

U+DQ VREGDU

$OHPGGQ FHPGkU

'RNWRU 6H\\G5HVXO
POk]P

)DKUHGGQ VREGDU

6NHQGHU+DQ FHPGkU

0HKPHG+DQ

)HWK+DQ

)WXKv+DQ FHPGkU

6H\\G$KPHG

UQXU FHPGkU

H\K&HPDO VREGDU

+kNP+DQ

0HKPHG(IGDO
FHPGkU

)D]O+DQ

gPHU+DQ

5DKPHW FHPGkU

H\K.kGUEDK
FHPGkU

*O0HKPHG+DQ

&HPDO+DQ VREGDU

6H\\GEUDKP
FHPGkU

.HUHP+DQ VREGDU

%HUHNHWXOODK'RNWRU

*DQ%H\ FHPGkU

5DKPGDG+DQ

+NPGkG+DQ
FHPGkU
1HKoEUH\DOGPQHKoEUH\GHQKDEHUPYDU

0HKPHG+DP
VREGDU

6DGUHGGQ FHPGkU

KWDUKXVXVv
=kNU$O(OI+DQ%HGHQ+DQYH%RVWDQ+DQHIHQGOHUQVPOHUEXOXQPX\RUdQN
EXQODUQKDNNQGD$PHUNDQ6HIkUHWKkQHV
QHGHYOHWKOkIQDNDU]KkUVDGDNDWRODQODUKD
EHUYHUOPG%XQXQoQ6HIkUHWKkQHPH]NUWDUDIQGDQEXQODUoQKoSDUDYHUOPHPG
<XNDUNOVWHGHNNEUV0PWD]+DQYHNQFVEUUHVDOGDU GDKP]DODQP
ODUG6RQUDGDQNHQGVPOHU>Q@o]JOHUOHPDKYHWPH\HoDOGODUKDEHUROVXQHIHQGP

+56<6BDE

* Hint svari subay rtbesi.

290

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

VWDQEXO*DODWD.|SUV|QQGH+LQWHVLUOHU
%LULQFL'Q\D+DUEL$OEP
*HQHONXUPD\%DNDQO$VNHUL7DULKYH6WUDWHMLN
(WW $7$6( 'DLUH%DNDQO$ULYL

291

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

100

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

,5$.&(3+(6
1'((65$/,1$19(+179(d1+1'
1(
*g1'(5/(1260$1/,0(085/$5,1,1+7<$d/$5,1,1
.$5,/$10$6,7$/(%

,UDN&HSKHVL
QGHHVLUDOQS+LQWYHLQ+LQGL
QHVHYNHGLOHQ2VPDQOPHPXUODUQQ
LQVDQL LKWL\DODUQQ GDKL NDUODQPDGQGDQ $PHULNDQ %\NHOLOLL DUDFO\OD
QJLOWHUH+NPHWLQH]GLQGHELUNH]GDKDJHUHNOLJLULLPOHUGHEXOXQXOPDVQDGDLU

.DVP

+8 +DUE8PXPv
hVHUk\2VPDQ\H
%kEOv+DUF\H1H]kUHW
$PHUNDQ6HIkUHWQH7DNUvUIDK IDK1RWD
8PXPv1R
+XVXVv1R
7HUvQ6kQv
.DOHP0DKVXV0GU\HW
(YUDNXEHV6HIkUkW(FQHE\H
.D\W7DUK7HUvQ6kQv
6D\ID

QJO]DVNHUNXYYHWOHUQQ,UDN
WDHVUDOGNODU2VPDQOPHPXUODUQ+QWYHdQ+Q
G
QH VHYN HWWNOHU EXUDODUGD HQWHUQH HGOGNOHU JDUQ]RQGD N|W PXDPHOH\H NDOGNODUQD
DKWROXQGXX8PXP6KK\H GDUHV QQJ|QGHUGWHOJUDDKDEHUGkUHGOPGUQJO]
KNPHWQQHVUOHUHPDDYHUPHGYHWHGDYOHUQ\DSPDG JE VDGHFHPXD\\HQEU
PNGDUHU]DNGDWDUDNEUQFGHUHFHGHQVDQKW\DoODUQNDUODPDODUQGDQPDKUXPEUD
NOGNODU|UHQOPWU
%XPXDPHOHHVUOHUQHOHPOHUQ]\DGHV\OHDUWUDUDNGXUXPODUQ GDKDGD DUODPD
VQD\RODoWDoNWU%kEOv+DUF\H1H]kUHWV|]HGOHQPHPXUODUQPDUX]NDOGNODU
DDOD\FN|WPXDPHOH\HVRQYHUOPHVYHD\Q]DPDQGDWHGDYOHU\DSODUDNUHVPGXUXP
ODUQDJ|UH PHPXU\HWGHUHFHOHUQHJ|UH PDDODUQQ|GHQPHVQQVDODQPDVoQQJO]
KNPHWQH]GQGHEUNH]GDKDJHUHNOJUPOHUGHEXOXQXOPDVQ&XPKXU\HW 6HIkUHW
Q
GHQ $PHUNDQ%\NHOoO
QGHQ UFDYHVWUKkPHGHU

+56<6BDE

293

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

101

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'((65$/,1$13$3$=/$5,19(
'2.725/$5,1$'(('/(0(<(&(

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQDQQJLOL]2UGXVX
QDPHQVXSSDSD]ODUQYHGRNWRUODUQ
LDGHHGLOHPH\HFHLQLQ$PHULND6HIUHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVL

$UDON

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
)v$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
.W
O$PkUH
GHQWHVOPDOQDQQJO]NXYkVP\kQQGDPHYFXGHWEEkVHUkJDUQ]RQ
WDEEOHUOHEUONGHJDUQ]RQXQXPUVKK\\HVQWDQ]PHWPHNYHSDSDVODUGDJDUQ]RQ
ODUGDNVHUk\DYDD]QDVKDWOHFUD\k\vQH\OHPHN]HUHJDUQ]RQODUDPHPXUHGOP
ROGXNODUQGDQEXQODUQDGHOHUQHPNkQJ|UOHPHGQGHQ$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHEOkEX\X
UXOPDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)vHYYDOVHQH>@YHIv$XVWRVVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

***
%kEOv
1H]kUHW+DUF\H
7HUFPH0GU\HW
7HE\v]WDUK7HUvQ6kQvVHQH
>+XOkVD@QJO]KH\HWVKK\HDVNHU\HVQH
PHQVXE]kEWkQQPHPOHNHWOHUQHDGHVKDNNQGD
+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH7HUvQ6kQv
VHQH>@WDUK\OH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQ
YkUGRODQQXPDUDOWDNUvUIDKv\HPHOII
QJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QQ(\OOVHQH
>@WDUKOQRWDVQQWHUFPHVGU

QJOWHUH +DUF\H Qk]U &HPkKvU 0WWHIND $PHUND PDVODKDWJ]DUQD DU] K


WUkPkWHGHUYH7UN\H
GHHVUEXOXQDQDVNHUvSDSDVODUODHWEEk\DVNHU\HQQYHEHUkWV]
]kEWkQOHJHUHNQJO]YHJHUHN+QGKH\HWVKK\HPHPXUODUQQDGHVKDNNQGDN

295

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

+D]UDQ(\OOWDUKOQRWDODUQDUFkNHOkPOH
%XQGDQ HYYHO VHIU FHQkEODUQD UVkO NOQDQ OVWHGH VPOHU PXKDUUHU RODQ ]HYkWGDQ
kWvGHHVkPvVPXKDUUHURODQODUQJ|QGHUOPHPROGXXQXEH\kQH\OHU
2UGXHWEEkKH\HWQGHQ
.D\PDNDP+2%%URZQH0DVRQ
.D\PDNDP-+HQQHVV\
%QED(9$\OHQ
<]ED5.0DOODP
<]ED$7-0F5HHU\
<]ED$6&DQH
+QGVWDQHWEEk\DVNHU\HVQGHQ
0UDOD\3&%+HKU
<]ED HOKkOHWKk]Kv &+%DUEHU
<]ED++.QJ
/VWHGHVPOHUPXKDUUHURODQODUGDQEUWDNPQQGDKHOkQPHPOHNHWOHUQHJ|QGHUO
PHGJEkWvGHNOHUGDKROVWHGHHVDVHQPXKDUUHUGHOG
2UGXHWEEkVQGDQ
<]ED:52
)DUUUHO
<]ED(*6&DQH
0Ok]P-%URZQ
+QGVWDQKH\HWWEE\HVQGHQ
%QED()(%DUQHV
<]ED&1HZFRPEH
0Ok]P3(2'RQRJKXH
2UGXSDSDVODU
<]ED$-:OFRN
/RUG *UH\ KXVXVkW kQIHQQ %kEkO
QQ QD]DU WWOkQD EOkQ UFD OH EkOkGD
PH]NU]HYkWQDGHVQQWHVUvoQ%kEkOQH]GQGHWHHEEVkWGDEXOXQXOPDVQ$PHUND
6HIkUHW
QGHQUFDH\OHU

+56<6DE

296

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK7HUvQ6kQvVHQH>@.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUDOQDQQJO]
NXYkVKH\HWWEE\\HV

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GHQWHVOPDOQDQQJO]NXYkVP\kQQGDPHYFXGHWEEkVHUkJDUQ]RQ
WDEEOHUOHEUONGHJDUQ]RQXQXPUVKK\HVQWDQ]PHWPHNYHSDSDVODUGDJDUQ]RQ
ODUGDNVHUk\DYDD]YHQDVKDWOHFUD\k\vQH\OHPHN]HUHJDUQ]RQODUDPHPXUHGOP
ROGXNODUQGDQEXQODUQDGHOHUQHPNkQJ|UOHPHGQPU
QFXEH
QQQX
PDUDVQPXKWHYv$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHU]HUQH'HUVDkGHW$PHU
ND6HIkUHW
QHWHEOJkWOk]PHFUDNOQPG%XNHUHVHIkUHWGHQFHYDEHQDOQDQWDNUvUGH
WHEOJkWYkNDP]QJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QHEOkHGOPHN]HUH/RQGUD
GDN$PHUND
6HIkUHW
QHkUNOQPROGXXYHEXEkEGDQJOWHUH+NPHW
QGHQKHQ]FHYDEDOQPDP
VHGHPHY]EDKV]kEWkQYHUXKEkQQWHPQDGHOHU]PQQGD+NPHW2VPDQ\\H
QH]GQGHWHHEEVkWFHGvGHFUDVWDOHEQHGDUVHIkUHWPH]NUH\HQJOWHUH+NPHW
QGHQ
EUQRWDWkROXQGXXEH\kQYHPH]NUQRWDWHYGvROXQPXROPDNODWHUFPHVPDWY\\HQ
WHV\kUHGOG(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6BDE

297

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

102

'87B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'(*g67(5'h67h1%$$5,/$5,1'$1
'2/$<,<h=.,5..1&3<$'($/$<,
1$0$'$/<$9(5/0(6

.W
O$PUH
GH JVWHUGLL VWQ EDDUODUQGDQ GROD\ <] .UN NLQFL 3L\DGH
$OD\
QDELUNXUGHODLOHELUHUSDUDPXKDUHEHDOWQYHJPLPWL\D]PDGDO\DV
YHULOGLL

2FDN

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
0XDPHOkW=kW\H0GUL\HWL


UkGH6HQ\\H
<].UNNQF$OD\
Q.W
O$PkUHPXKDUHEkWQGDJ|VWHUGIHYNDOkGHNDKUDPDQ
ONYHEHVkOHWQKkWUDVQWH\GHQVDQFDQD'HYOHW$O\\H2VPDQ\\HQJOWHUHKDUEQGH
<] .UN NQF 3\DGH$OD\
QQ o \] RWX] EH VHQHV HKU 5HEvOHYYHO
QQ RQEHQF
JQ.W
O$PkUH
GHNHQGVQHoGHIDIDNGPDQNXYYHWQHNDUIHYNDOkGHEUVXUHWGH
J|VWHUGPXNkYHPHWNDKUDPDQkQHQQKkWUDVGUEDUHVQKkYvEUNXUGHODWDOvNQHP
VDDGHROXQPXYHEUHUNWDPXKDUHEHDOWQYHJPPW\k]PDGDO\DODUWkNOQPGU
EXUkGHVHQ\\HQQFUDVQD+DUE\HQk]UPHPXUGXU
)v5HEvOHYYHOVHQHIv.kQQ6kQvVHQH
0HKPHG5HDG
6DGUD]DP
0HKPHG6DG

%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOYH+DUE\H1k]U
(QYHU

'87B

299

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

103

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

6$9$(65/(51(<$3,/$&$.<$5',0/$5,1.,=,/$<
<$'$8080.$5$5*+=1</(<$3,/0$6,

6DYDHVLUOHULQHYHULOHFHNSDUDYH\DSODFDNKHUHLW\DUGPODUQ\D.]OD\DUD
FO\OD \D GD GRUXGDQ 8PXP .DUDUJK
Q L]QL\OH RODFD KXVXVXQXQ +DULFL
\H1H]UHWLWDUDIQGDQ$PHULND6HIUHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVLQHGDLU%DNXPDQGDQON
9HNOHWL
QLQWDOHEL

2FDN

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
.kQQ(YYHO>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
hVHUk\KDUE\H\HYHUOHFHNDNoHYH\DSODFDNKHUQHYPXkYHQHWQEHKHPHKkO\k
+OkO$KPHUYkVWDV\ODYH\DKXGGRUXFD.DUDUJkK8PXPv
QQPDOXPkWWDKWQGDFHUH\kQ
HWPHVXVXOGHQGU%XXVXOE
OFPOHGYHOPXKDUEHQH]GQGHFkUvROXSVHUkKDNNQGDRO
YHFKOH PXDPHOH ID HGOPHNGH EXOXQGXXQXQ 6HIkUHW PkUXQOH\KkFD EOQPHV Ok]P
JHOPHNOH6HIkUHW
HEX\ROGDFHYDEWkVPHQWUH\GHYOHWOHUGU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQ
KD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
.kQQ6kQv>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
>P]D@
(QYHU

+56<6B

301

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

104

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((65/(51(<g1(/.2/8068=78780
6(5*/(1'''$/$5,1,1+$.6,=9($6,/6,=2/'88

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQDQQJLOL]DVNHUOHULQ.RQ\D$I\RQNDUDKLVDU%XUVD]
PLW $QNDUD YH GLHU \HUOHUGH RN NW DUWODUGD EDUQGUOGQD NHQGLOHULQH
\DUGP HGLOPHVLQH L]LQ YHULOPHGLLQH VDON GXUXPODU\OD LOJLOL KDEHU DOQPDNWD
]RUODQOGQDDUDGDQ\HGLD\JHPHVLQHUDPHQHVLUOHUOHGRUXGDQGRUX\DWH
PDVWDEXOXQXODPDGQDYHWDUDIV]GRNWRUODUGDQROXWXUXODFDNELUNRPLV\RQXQ
2VPDQO'HYOHWL
QGHEXOXQDQQJLOL]VDYDHVLUOHULQGHQKDVWDYH\DUDORODQODUD
\DUGPHWPHN]HUHONH\HJLULLQHL]LQYHULOPHVLQHGDLU$PHULND6HIUHWLDUD
FO\ODYHULOHQ QJLOL]PXKWUDVQDNDU%DNXPDQGDQON9HNOHWL
QLQLGGLDODUQ
KDNV] YH DVOV] ROGXXQD YH HVLUOHU KDNNQGD NDUONOON HVDVQD GD\DQDQ KHU
WHNOLILQNDEXOQHKD]UROXQGXXQDGDLU+DULFL\H1H]UHWL
QH\D]ODQFHYDE\D]

2FDN

%kEOv
1H]kUHW+DUF\H
7HUFPH0GU\HW
1XPDUD
7HE\v]WDUK.kQQ(YYHOVHQH
+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH.kQQ(YYHO
VHQHWDUK\OH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQYkUG
RODQWDNUvUHPHOIIPXKWUDQQWHUFPHVGU
>+XOkVD@hVHUk\KDUE\H\HGDU

0HQkEPXKWHOIHGHQVWKVkOHGOHQPDOXPkWDQD]DUDQ.W
O$PkUH
GHDOQDQQJ
O]VHUk\KDUE\HVHVUHGOGNOHU]DPDQGDQEHUSHNPNOEUKD\DWPUkUHWPHNGHGU
OHUhVHUk\PHUNPHGHQQHIHURODQODU.W
O$PkUHOH7RURVEH\QQGHNPHVDIHQQNVP
D]DPQ%DGDGYH0XVXOWDUvN\ODPk\\HQNDWHWPHHFEkUHGOPOHUGU)
OYkNQH
IHUkWPHUNPH\D]RUWDVQGDNHQGOHUQHNkIPNGDUGD\\HFHNYHUOPHNV]Qo|ORUWDVQGD
EUNDo\]NORPHWUHONPHVDIH\Pk\\HQNDWHWPHNPHFEXU\HWQGHEXOXQPXROGXNODUQ
GDQEUoRNODU\ROODUGDWHOHIROPXYHGHUEUWDNPODUGDWkEWYkQODUNHVOHUHN\ROGD
EvWkENDOPODUYHo|OGHEUDNODUDNWHOHIROPXODUGU+DOHE
GHQoJQONPHVDIHGHNkQ
(O8YH\QDWQDPPDKDOGHDOWQJO]QHIHUOHRQN+QGOGHQPUHNNHEEUWDNPHIUk
GQQNXUXWRSUDN]HUQHVHUOS\DWGNODUYH\DOQ]oQGHoD\NDGDUEUPGGHW\DDP
ROGXNODUEUoWQoDPXUGDQPDPOGXYDUODUQJQHHNDUVSHUWWKk]H\OHGNOHUPD
KHGHROXQPXGXU
%X WDNPGD EGk\HW HPUGH RQ G|UW QJO] EXOXQPDNGD G %XQODUGDQ VHN] QHIHU
YHIDW HWP YH KD\DWGD NDODQODU GDK DQFDN KD\YDQkW EDUVDNODU YH$UDEODUQ NHQGOHUQH
DWGNODUVDU\HPHNDUWNODUOHYH\DWHVDGIHQRUDGDQJHoHQNkUEkQODUQYHUGED]DG\H
OHWHJDGGvHWPOHUG%HUKD\DWNDODQQJO]OHUGHQ\DOQ]EUNVXEXOXQDQNYH\Do\]

303

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

\DUGDONPHVDIHGHNkQEUPDKDOOHNDGDUVUQHUHNJHOHEOPGU*HUo6HIkUHWDOWKDIWD\
PWHFkY]EU]DPDQHYYHO+OkO$KPHU&HP\HW
QQPH]NUWDNPVHUkVQQEXOGXUXODUDN
NHQGOHUQHEDNODEOHFHNYHPQDVEEUJGDYHUOHEOHFHNEUPDKDOOHVHYNHGOPHOHUQPX
WD]DPPQRODUDN+DOHE
HEUWHOJUDIQkPHNHGHHWPHVQFHP\HWPH]NUHGHQWDOHEHWP
VHGHWDOHEYkNQVkIHGOGQGHQKHQ]KDEHUGkUROPDPGU<QHEXQXQJE\]GHQ
N\]HNDGDUQJO]VHUkVOHGDKDID]ODPNGDUGD+QGOOHUGHQPUHNNHEGHUEUJUXEXQ
$GDQDOHVODK\HEH\QQGHDUNDGRUXJWGJ|UOPGU%XQODUVODK\H
GHQ$GDQD
\D
NDGDU\UGNGHQVRQUDHVEkEPHFKOHGHQQkVODK\H
\HJHU\HG|QPHOHUHPUHGOP
GU$VkNUPHUNPH\]DvIYHQDKvIGHUHFHNkI\HGHJ\QPHPROGXNODUJEoOHUQGHQ
oRXQXQD\DNNDEODU\RNGX'DKDJHoHQOHUGH\DQVHQHV7HUvQ(YYHO
HYkVWQGD
EUWDNPQJO]OHUGDKDIHQDVWDVDYYXUHGOHPH\HFHNIHQDEUKkOVHIDOHWWPkOGH.RQ
\D
\DJHOPOHUGU.RQ\D
\DYDVORODQNONEUWDNPGDQGRNX]NPXYkVDODWODUQGDQ
N JQ VRQUD WHUN KD\DW HWGNOHUQGHQ HO\HYP EHUKD\DW RODUDN \DOQ]  N NDOPGU
%XDVNHUOHUKDVWDKkQHGHEXOXQGXNODU]DPDQNHQGOHUQHkFOHQO]XPXRODQDG\HOHHG
Y\HYHUOPHPYHRQODUDVFDN\HPHNYHPHUEkWYHUPHNVWH\HQ$PHUNDOPV\RQHUOHU
PHPXUvQKNPHWWDUDIQGDQEXQGDQPHQHGOPGUhVHUk\PHUNPHKHQ]SHN]DvI
ROGXNODUKkOGHDGHkI\HWHWGNOHUEDKDQHV\OHKDVWDKkQHGHQKUDFHGOGNOHU]DPDQGDU
EUKDSVKkQH\HONkHGOHUHNNHQGOHUQHJQGH\DOQ]EUHNPHNYHUOPGU6HIkUHWVHUk\
PH]NUHQQKkOHVHIWPkOOHUKDNNQGD+DUE\HQk]USDDKD]UHWOHUQQHYYHOFHQD]DU
GNNDWQFHOEHGHUHN.RQ\D
GDPXNP$PHUNDOODUQEXHVUOHUHPXkYHQHWGHEXOXQPDODUQD
PVDDGH HGOPHVQ UFD H\OHPGU 0HQkE PXKWHOIHGHQ YkUG RODQ PDOXPkWD QD]DUDQ
$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QD PXYkVDODW HGHQ .W
O$PkUH VHUkVQQ DKYkO SHN ]\DGH k\kQ WH
UDKKXPGXU (OEVHOHU QRNVDQ RODQ YH PDU] NDOGNODU PHkNN X PHWkvEGHQ Qk ]DvI YH
KDVWDEUKkOGHEXOXQDQVHUk\PHUNPHGHQEUNDo\]PHOFHYHPHYkGDQPDKUXPEX
OXQPDNGDYHKHUJQEUoRNODUWHOHIROPDNGDGU%XYHVOHOHXUDVGDOkYHROXQDEOUN
VHIkUHWWD\QYHUkHHGOHQEUPDKDOOHEUVHUkWDNPQQPXYkVDODWQKHUQH]DPDQKDEHU
DOUVDNHQGOHUQHGHUKDOHOEVHYHOHYk]PVDUHUVkOHWPHNGHVHGHVHUkQDNO\kWQGDQ
PDD
WWHHVVIYDNW]DPDQ\ODKDEHUGkUROPX\RU$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QGDYHIDWHGHQVHUkoQ
FHQD]HPHUDVPGQ\\HVIDHGOPHGYHKDWWDNHQGOHUQQWDEXWDEOHNRQXOPD\SDOHOk
GHEUEH]HVDUODUDNUIHNkVWDUDIQGDQNDEUOHUHJ|WUOGVHIkUHWHkUHGOPGU%XKkO
k\kQWHHVVIROXSYXNXXQDGDKoEUVHEHE\RNGXU6HIkUHWEUSURWHVWDQUDKEQQ$I\RQ
NDUDKVDU
QDD]vPHWQHPVDDGHHGOPHVQVWKVkOoQEUNDoD\QH]kUHWFHOvOHQH]GQGH
WHHEEVkWGDEXOXQPXNHQYHPDKDOOPH]NUDD]vPHWHWPHYHRUDGDHVUKDUEPXDPHOH
VJ|UPHNDEXOHWPRODQ5DKE'RNWRU:JUDP
DEXKXVXVGDPVDDGHWkHGOPVHGH
VHIkUHWQNUkUHQYXNXEXODQWDOHEQHUDPHQNW]kHGHQ\ROHYUDNNHQGVQHPG\HNDGDU
WkHGOPHPGU6HIkUHWVRQND\]DUIQGD$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QGDEXOXQDQVHUk\PHUN
PH\HKD\OPNGDUGDPHOEVkWUVkOHWPVHGH\]NGHQEDUHWRODQVHUk\PHUNPH
QQEUoRXUVkOROXQDQPHOEVkWGDQKoEUH\DOPDNV]QDKvUHQ]PW
HVHYNHGOPGU
6HIkUHW PHUNPQXQ KkO HVHIWPkOQ KDEHU DOU DOPD] \DQ G|UW KDIWD\ PWHFkY] EU
]DPDQHYYHONHQGOHUQH]PW
HSDUDYHHOEVHJ|QGHUPVHGHVHUk\PHUNPHQQPHO

304

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

EVkWPH]NUH\DOPDGNODUYHoOHUQGHQEUoRXQXQ]DDIGDQYHHGkGKDYD\DPDU]
NDOPDODUQGDQQkWHOHIROGXNODUVHIkUHWHkUHGOPGU6HIkUHWHYXNXEXODQkUkWDQD
]DUDQ8PXPv\HW]HUHVHUkKDVWDKkQHGHEXOXQGXNODUYH+NPHW2VPDQ\\HWDUDIQGDQ
VWKNkNODURODQWDKVVDWDOPDGNODUYDNWNHQGOHUQHDNoHYHOHYk]PVDUHOHUWkHGO
PHPHNGHGU%XQGDQWDNUvEHQoKDIWDPXNDGGHPVHIkUHW0DOWHSH+DVWDKkQHV
QGHEXOXQDQ
GRNX]5XVQHIHUQHSDUDYHPHOEVkWUVkOHWPVHGHKDVWDKkQHPGUH\D\PH]NUH\
NDEXO HWPH\S VHUk\ PHUNPHQQ R JQ YH\D HUWHV JQ +DUE\H 1H]kUHW &HOvOHV
QH
]kPHGOHFHNOHUEDKDQHV\OHH\D\QH]kUHWPkUXQOH\Kk\DUVkOHWPHVKDNNQGDPH
PXUvQDVNHU\HGHQHPUDOPROGXXQGDQH\D\PH]NUHRUD\DUVkOHGOPYHVHUk\
PHUNPHQQYUGXQDQW]kUHQRUDGDJQOHUFHNDOPGU%UNDoJQVRQUDPH]NUHVvUOHUQ
<HGNXOH
GHEXOXQGXNODUKDEHUDOQGQGDQVkOI
]]NUQNGYHPHOEVkWPDKDOOPH]N
UDJ|QGHUOPVHGHED]kEWPVDDGHVROPDGQGDQEDKVOHRQODUNHQGOHUQHWHY]vGHQ
PWQDH\OHPGU%XVXUHWOHVHUk\PHUNPHNHQGOHUQHID\PXkYHQHWOHPNHOOHIRODQ
PHPXUvQFkQEQGHQPD]KDUPXkYHQHWROPDGNODUFKHWOHNHQGOHUQHHHGGO]XPXRODQ
HOEVHYHSDUDGDQKD\O]DPDQPDKUXPNDOPODUGU6HIkUHWHJkERODQDVNHUOHUHGDUVXDOOHU
YkNROGXXYH\DNHQGVKKDWOHUKDNNQGDPDOXPkWVWHQOG]DPDQODUEOHVHUkQQVHIk
UHWOHVHUEHVWoHYHVHUvDQPXKDEHUHGHEXOXQPDODUQDPVDDGHHGOPHGQGDKPDKHGH
H\OHPGU6HIkUHWFkQEQGHQVHUk\DUVkOROXQDQPHNWXEODUYHNHQGOHUQHNHGHNOQDQ
WHOJUDIQkPHOHUQEUoRXWHOJUDIQkPHFHYDEOROVDEOHRQODUFDFHYDEV]NDOPDNGDGU%XUVD
JE\DNQEUPDKDOGHPXNPEXOXQDQQJO]]kEWkQWDUDIQGDQUVkOHGOHQEUWDNPPHN
WXEODUED]HQWDUKWDKUvUOHUQGHQWEDUHQDUDGDQDOWKDIWDGDQ]\DGHEUPGGHWJHoGNGHQ
VRQUDVHIkUHWHWkHGOPGUQI
OEH\kQDKYkOPHPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHPDU]NDOGN
ODUPDKUXP\HWOHUQHYHPHPXUvQ2VPDQ\\HQQVHUk\PHUNPHKDNNQGDNVPXD
PHOHOHUQHYHOkND\GV]ONODUQDGDUYXNXEXODQEUoRNkUkWQDQFDNEUNDoQWHNOHGHU
6HIkUHWVHUkQQDKYkOQVOkKoQJHUHNNHQGWDUDIQGDQYHJHUHN$PHUNDNRQVRORVODUOH
PV\RQHUOHUWDUDDUQGDQVDUIHGOHQPHVkvQQVRQGHUHFH\HNDGDUPNOkWDYHPHIWU\HWH
XUDGOPDVQGDQGROD\EOKDVVDWHHVVIHGHU6HIkUHWVHUk\PHUNPHOHGRUXGDQGR
UX\DWHPDVGDEXOXQPDVQDPVDDGHHGOPHGQGHQPXKWHOIPDKDOOHUGHEXOXQDQVHUkQQ
PNGDUYHKW\DoODUKDNNQGDYHOHYWDNUvEEUVXUHWGHROVXQDK]PDOXPkWDSHNJoONOH
PXYDIIDNROPDNGDGU%XQDEUPVDOROPDN]HUHVHIkUHWKXVXVkWv\]NUHGHU6HIkUHWED]
VHUkQQ$QNDUDYH]PW
H]kPHGOGNOHUQPHQkEHFQHE\\HGHQVWKEkUH\OHPGU
$QNDUD
\D ]kP HGOP RODQ VHUkGDQ EU PNGDUQQ HVkPvVQ PXKWHYv EU OVWH\
JHUoDKvUHQ%kEkO
GHQDK]HWPVHGH$QNDUD
GDPXNPVHUkQQWDPEUOVWHVQHGHVW
UHVRODPDPYHKDWWD]PW
HJ|QGHUOHQVHUkQQPNGDUYHKY\HWKDNNQGDKNPHWGHQ
EU JQH PDOXPkW DODPDPGU .H]kON 5HVOD\Q OH7RURV DUDVQGDN GHPU\ROX KDWWQQ
PXKWHOIPDKDOOHUQGHPVWDKGHPHIUkGNHVvUHGHQPUHNNHEQJO]VHUkVJUXEXKDNNQ
GDGDKPDOXPkWDODPDPGU.W
O$PkUH
QQVXNWXQGDQEHUDUDGDQ\HGD\PWHFkY]
EU ]DPDQ JHoG KkOGH PDKDOO PH]NUGD WXWXODQ EUoRN VHUkKDNNQGD KHQ] PDOXPkW
\RNGXU 6HIkUHW VHUk\ KDUE\HQQ EXOXQGXNODU E
OXPXP PDKDOOHU NXPDQGDQODUQGDQ

305

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

PH]NUPDKDOOHUQKHUEUQGHEXOXQDQKHUGHYOHW]kEWkQYHQHIHUkWQQPNGDUVDKKKDN
NQGDWHOJUDDPDOXPkWDOPDVQEUD]]DPDQHYYHO2VPDQO+OkO$KPHU
QGHQUFDHWP
G\VHGH+OkO$KPHUEXPDOXPkWVWKVkOHGHPHPYHPXKWHOINDUDUJkKODUGDEXOXQDQ
VHUkQQPNGDUNHQGQFHGHPDOXPROPDGQYHJHUHNVHUkNDUDUJkKODUQDKHQ]YDVO
ROPD\DQ \DQ \ROGD EXOXQDQ JHUHN 5HVOD\Q OH %OHPHGN DUDVQGDN GHPU\ROX KDWWQGD
oDODQVHUkKDNNQGDKoEUJQHPDOXPkWWkHGHPH\HFHQEOGUPGU1H]kUHW&HOv
OH+DUF\HJHoHQ(\OO
Q\UPoWDUKOP]HNNUHIDK\\HVQGH5XV\D+NPHW
WDUDIQGDQVHUk\2VPDQ\\H\HNDUHGOHQPXDPHOHGHQNk\HWHGHUHNEXEkEGDPDOXPkW
VWKVkOYHNk\HWYkNDPXKNNROGXXWDNGUGHRQDNDUEUoDUHEXOXQPDVoQFDE
HGHQKHUH\HWHYHVVOHWPHV]PQQGDYHVkWDWFHPOHGHEXOXQPDVQVHIkUHWGHQUFDH\OH
PGUEXP]HNNUH+NPHW2VPDQ\\H
\HQD]DUDQDKYkOPPkVOHGHWDWEvNNW]k
HGHQKXNXNEH\QH
OPOHOHVkVkWQEHOvYHYk]KEUVXUHWGHWHE\vQHWPHNGHGU$PHUND
+NPHWEXYHVOHOHGRVWEUKNPHWQPDWOEXQXVkIHWGNGHQPkDGkQVkQ\HWHK]
PHWPDNVDGXOYvVQHPHEQvNk\kWPH]NUHKDNNQGDWDKDUU\kWFUDVVXUHW\OHYHVkWDW
FHPOHGHEXOXQPXYHPH]NU2VPDQOVHUkVQQEXOXQGXNODUPDKDOOHUE]]DWWHGNNHW
GNGHQVRQUDYHNk\PDKHGHROXQGXNODUKkO]HUHYHLFDEKkOHJ|UHED]WHQNLGkWYH\D
WDNGLUkWLOHEHUDEHU+NPHWL2VPDQL\\H
\HHNVHUL\DYXNXEXOGXX]HUHLkUH\OHPLGLU
$PHULND +NPHWL LWH EX VXUHWOH +NPHWL 6HQL\\H
\H GHIDkWOH LID\ KL]PHW HWPHN
PDK]]L\HWYHLPWL\k]QLKUk]HWPLYHPHPXUvQL'HYOHWL$OL\\HLOHKkOLKDUEGHEXOXQDQ
YH 'HYOHWL $OL\\H
QLQ PHQkL KNPHWL PH]NUH WDUDIQGDQ WHPVLO ROXQDQ PHPkOLNGH
VHUk\ 2VPDQL\\HQLQ EXOXQGXNODU PDKDOOHUL EL]]DW ]L\DUHW HWPLOHU YH WHGNLNkW DPvND
YHPWHPkGL\\HGHYHJHUHNKNPHWWDUDIQGDQJHUHNEL]]DWVHUkWDUDDUQGDQGHUPL\kQ
ROXQDQKHUELULNk\HWKDNNQGDWDKNLNkWGDEXOXQGXNGDQVRQUD]L\DUHWLYkNDODUKDNNQGD
+NPHWL 2VPDQL\\H
\H PXIDVVDO ELU UDSRU J|QGHUPLOHUGLU XUDV k\kQ ND\G YH
WH]NkUGU NL VHIkUHWLQ VHUk\ KDUEL\H\L ]L\DUHW HWPHN ]HUH $PHULND PHPXUvQL PDKVXVD
J|QGHUPHVLQH PVDDGH LWkVQGDQ +NPHWL 2VPDQ\\H
FH DOH
GGHYDP PWQk HGOPHV
QKD\HW
OHPUPHPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHVHUk\KDUE\\HNDUDUJkKODUQGDNDKYkOQSHNYD
KPROPDVQGDQQk+NPHW2VPDQ\\H
QQPH]NUNDUDUJkKODUQ]\DUHWHGOPHVQHYH
RUDODUGD FHUH\kQ HGHQ DKYkOQ QNkI HWPHVQH DVOD PWHPk\O ROPDG INU YH ]HKkEQ
WHYOvGHGHFHNGU%XYHVOHOHVHIkUHWEvWDUDIHWEEkGDQPUHNNHEEUNRPV\RQXQPHPkON
2VPDQ\\H
GHEXOXQDQQJO]VHUk\KDUE\HVQGHQKDVWDYHPHFUKRODQODUQKW\DFkWQ
VWNPkOHWPHNPDNVDG\ODPHPkON2VPDQ\\H
\HD]PHWQHPVDDGHHGOPHVKDNNQGD
QJOWHUH+NPHW
QQEUWDOHEQPEHOORODQVHIkUHWQ7HUvQ(YYHOVHQHWD
UKOYHQXPDUDOWDNUvUIkKvVPQGHUFkWQ1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\\H
QQWHNUDU
SvQD]DUGNNDWQHYD]HGHUHNEXEkEGDEUDQHYYHOFHYDEWkEX\XUXOPDVQQH]kUHW
PkUXQOH\KkGDQUFDH\OHU6HIkUHWVHUk\PHUNPHQQDKYkOQVOkKDPDWIRODQVUI
QVkQ\HWNkUkQH YH KkOVkQH PHVkvVQQ QHWFH PDWOEH\H YXVXO oQ VHUk\D PWHDOON
KXVXVkWGD+NPHW2VPDQ\\HOHWHUvNPHVkvHWPHVQHPVDDGHHGOPHVQDU]XHWPHN
GHGU%UWUDNPHVkvGHUPXKDUEPHPOHNHWOHUPHPXUvQQFHPD]KDUPVDDGHYHKDWWD
KVQNDEXOROXQGXXQGDQE|\OHEUDU]XQXQSHNPDNORODFDGHUNkUGU

+56<6BDEFG
306

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD
*DODWD5KWPdQO+DQ

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYD
EGU
$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQPXWkWDNUvUQWHUFPHOHUPWkODDHGOHUHNEHUYHFK]vUFHYDE
WkVPQDVEJ|UOPGU
.W
O$PkUH
GHQDOQDQQJO]VHUkVQQHVUHGOGNOHU]DPDQGDQEHUSHNPNHP
PHOEUKD\DWJHoUPHNGHROGXNODUJEPDKDOOPUHWWHEOHUQHKvQVHYNOHUQGHGHPHQG
IHURODQPDKDOOHUGHPHQGIHUOHQDNOOHUWHPQHGOPYHPHQGIHUROPD\DQPDKDOOHUGH
E
OPHFEXU\HPk\\HQ\UWOPYHOk]PRODQJGD\DQNHQGDVNHUOHUP]HYHUGP
]QD\QNHQGOHUQHYHUOPGU(VUHIUkGDNDNDRYHVDUHEWWDEYHUOPHPGU<ROODUGD
YHIDWHGHQYHPNGDU
WHFDY]HWPH\HQQJO]HVUOHUQQYHIDWODUQQHVEkEYHDYkPO
QD]DUGNNDWHDOQGYH.W
O$PkUH
GHPDKVXUNDODQYHDoONGDQWkEYHWYkQODUNHV
OHUHNWHVOPQHIVHGHQQJO]NXYkVQDPHQVXEROGXNODUGHUSvHGOGWDNGUGHYHIH\kW
PNGDUQQKoEUVXUHWOHVWNVkUHGOHPH\HFHYHE
ODNVPH]NUVHUkQQKvQVHYNOHUQGH
VNDQYHDHOHUQQWDUDIP]GDQPNHPPHOHQWHPQHGOGNDQDDWQEUNHUHGDKDWH\G
H\OH\HFH]DQQROXQPDNGDGU+DOHE
GHQoJQONPHVDIHGH(O8YH\QDWQDPPDKDOGHDOW
QJO]QHIHUOHRQN+QGOGHQPUHNNHEEUWDNPHIUkGQWRSUDN]HUQHVHUOS\DWGNODU
YH\DOQ]oQGHoD\NDGDUEUPGGHW\DDPROGXNODUEUoWQoDPXUGDQPDPOGXYDU
ODUQJQHHNDUVSHUWWKk]HWGNOHUYHoOHUQGHQVHN]QHIHUQYHIDWHWGYHKD\DWGD
NDODQPWHEkNvHIUkGQKD\YDQkWEDUVDNODUQYH$UDEODUQDWGNODUVDU\HPHNDUWNODU\OD
YH\DKXGRUDGDQWHVDGIHQJHoHQNkUEkQODUQYHUGED]DJG\HOHWHJDGGvHWGNOHUYHEU
QHIHUQVXEXOXQDQNYH\Do\]\DUGDONPHVDIHGHNkQEUPDKDOOHNDGDUVUQHUHNJHO
GKDNNQGDNKEDUkWGDJD\UYkUGGU(O8YH\QDWPHYNQGHEUVHUkJDUQ]RQXEXOXQ
PDGJEPDKDOOPH]NUGDoD\HVUNDOGQDGDUVHUkEURVXQFDPDOXPkW\RNGXU
<DSODQWDKNNkWGDEXUYD\HWQEKWkQGDQEDUHWROGXXQXPH\\GGU
%UWDNPVHUkQQ$GDQD
GDQVODK\H
\HVHYNHGOPHOHUPXKkVPGHYOHWOHUGHROGXX
JE NHQGOHUQQ oDOGUOPDN ]HUH FDE HGHQ PDKDOOHUH VHYN YH ]kPODUQGDQ EDND EU
VHEHEHPHEQvGHOGU(VUHIUkGQNkIGHUHFHGHJWPHPROGXNODUQDJHOQFHQH]GP]GH
EXOXQDQQJO]HVUOHUQQPXKDID]DYXFXGODUoQNHQGOHUQHQJOWHUH+NPHW
QGHQHO
EVHNXQGXUDJEPHOEVkWJ|QGHUOGWDNGUGHYHUOSYHUOHPH\HFHQJOWHUHWDUDIQGDQ
VXDOYHWHNOIHGOPYHEXWHNOIWDUDIP]GDQNDEXOROXQDUDNGHIDkWOHHOEVHUVkO]PQQGD
\D]OGKkOGHPG\HNDGDUPDD
WWHHVVIPVPUEUQHWFH]XKXUH\OHPHPGU

307

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

0DDKk]kWDUDIP]GDQVHUk\DEUoRNHOEVHYHoDPDUNDSXWIRWQYHVDUHWHGDUN
HGOHUHNWHY]vHGOGJEPNkQQPVDDGHVQVEHWQGHGHWHY]vDoDOODFDNGU%XNDGDU
JD\UHWHUDPHQED]VHUkQQKkOKk]UKDUEQYFXGDJHWUGED]VkUvKDVWDONGDQYHIDW
H\OHGNOHU J|UOPHNGHGU +DVWDKkQH
GH EXOXQDQ HVUOHUH FDE HGHQ HGY\H OH JGDQQ YH
UOPHPHVDGvP
OPNkQGU0XKWHOIKDVWDKkQHOHUH]kPNOQDQYHWHGDYHGOHUHNRUDGD
oNDQHVU]kEWkQYHHIUkGWDUDIQGDQKDVWDKkQHOHUKDNNQGDPG\HNDGDUEUNk\HWYkN
ROPDPYHE
ODNVNkIIHVEH\kQWHHNNUkWYHPQQHWGkUvH\OHPGU7UNPHPOHNHWQQ
HYOkGODUQDKkVRODQVHFk\k\kO\HYHQVDQ\HWSHUYHUvFDEQGDQRODUDNKDVWDKkQHOHUGHYH
VDUPDKDOOHUGHEXOXQDQVHUkQQSHNJ]HOPXDPHOH\HPD]KDUHGOPHNGHROGXNODUEUNHUH
GDKDQD]DUGNNDWHDU]ROXQXU$PHUNDPV\RQHUOHUWDUDIQGDQGRUXGDQGRUX\DKDVWDODUD
Wk HGOPHN DU]X HGOHQ \HPHN YH VDUHQQ KDVWDKkQH PVWDKGHPvQQFH NDEXO HGOPHPHV
KDVWDKkQHOHUGHEXOXQDQPHU]kQQPXKDID]DVKKDWOHUoQKHUQHVXUHWOHROXUVDROVXQKD
UFGHQEUH\KDVWDKkQH\HDOQPDPDVKDNNQGDKDVWDKkQHPVWDKGHPvQQHYHUOHQHYkPU
ROEkEGDNKDVWDKkQHOHUWDOPkWQkPHVNW]DVQGDQGU0DDKk]kPG\HNDGDUROGXXJE
.RQ\D
GDYHVDUPDKDOOHUGHEXOXQDQVHUk\D$PHUND6HIkUHWWDUDIQGDQEHUk\PXkYHQHW
J|QGHUOHFHNKHUH\QNHQGOHUQHvVkOHGOHFHWDEGU$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QGDEXOXQDQVHUk
QQPHOFHYHPHYkGDQPDKUXPEXOXQGXNODUPXNkUQVKKDWGHOGU%XKXVXVKDNNQGD
EX GHID PH]NU JDUQ]RQX ]\DUHW YH WHIW HGHQ %H\QH
OPOHO 6DOvE$KPHU .RPWHV
QH
PHQVXE'RNWRU0|V\|)VFKHUYH0|V\|%RYDV\H
GHQEDUHWRODQEvWDUDIKH\HWWDUDIQGDQ
EXJEEUNk\HWYkNROPDPGU$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QGDQ]PW
HVHYNHGOHQ\]HVUQVP
OHUQHDGOVWHOHUQWDQ]PEUD]JHoOGFKHWOHYDNW]DPDQ\OD+OkO$KPHU&HP\HW
KDEHUGkUHGOHPHPVHGHEUNDoJQWHHKKXUGDQVRQUDPH]NUOVWHFHP\HWPH]NUH\H
UVkOHGOPYHVHUk\PHUNPHQDPQDDGH\DF]vEUWHHKKXUGDQVRQUDNHQGOHUQH
YHUOPGU%XQXQODEHUDEHUJDUQ]RQGDQGHUQHQDNOHGOHQYHJHUHN\HQDOQDQVHUk\D
DGOVWHOHUQPDNDPGHYOHWOHUQHO]XPUVkO+OkO$KPHU&HP\HW
QH\D]OPGUX
NDGDU N VHUk OVWHOHUQQ VXUHW PXQWD]DPD YH GkPHGH WHDWV DQFDN EU PXDPHOH P
WHNkEOH HVDVQD PEWHQv RODFDQGDQ$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QGD EXOXQDQ VHUkGDQ YHIDW HGHQOHU
KDNNQGDFHQD]HPHUDVPGQ\\HVIDHGOPHGQHGDUPH]NUJDUQ]RQXDKvUHQ]\DUHW
HGHQEvWDUDIKH\HWWDUDIQGDQEUNk\HWYkNROPDPGU$PHUND6HIkUHW
QQOWPDV]H
UQH$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QD]kPNOQDFDN'RNWRU:JUDP
QRUD\DYDVOROPDGWDUDIP]GDQ
DQODOQFD VHUk k\vQ UKkQvGHQ PDKUXP HGOPHPHN ]HUH 0RQVHQ\|U 'ROF PDUIHW\
OHPH]NUJDUQ]RQ1RHO\RUWXVXPQDVHEHW\OH$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QD%OHPHGN
HYH7RURV
D
PXYDNNDWHQEUHUSDSDVJ|QGHUOGJEPXDKKDUDQ.DVWDPRQX
GDEXOXQDQoUDKEGHQN
VQQ$I\RQNDUDKVDUVHUkJDUQ]RQXQD]kPODUKDNNQGDFDEHGHQOHUHHPUYHUOPGU
0DOWHSH+DVWDKkQHV
QHJ|QGHUOHQH\DQQKDVWDKkQHFHWHVHOOPHGOSVHUk\DWHY]v
HGOPHPHV VDKEOHUQQ GDKD HYYHO WDEXUFX HGOHUHN PDKDOO PUHWWHEOHUQH VHYNOHUQGHQ
OHUJHOPGUdQNKDVWDKkQHGHQWDEXUFXHGOHQOHUQD\QJQGHVHYNROXQGXNODUPHYNQ
kHMXUQDOQHGKDOHGOHEOPHOHUYHEXVXUHWOHDoNDOPDODUQDPH\GDQYHUOPHPHVoQKDV
WDKkQHFHEOkIkWH]DPDQVHYNOHUQHPHFEXU\HWNDW\HYDUGU0DDKk]kH\D\PHEKVH

308

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

<HGNXOH
GHNHQGOHUQHWHY]vHGOPGU*kEDVNHUOHUYH\DKXGJDUQ]RQODUGDEXOXQDQHVU
OHUKDNNQGDGRVWEUKNPHWQWDOHEHGHFHPDOXPkWQPDNDPGHYOHWOHUYkVWDV\ODEOk
WHKUWkHGOHFHWDEGUXNDGDUYDUNEXGRVWKNPHWE]PPHPkONHFQHE\\HGH
EXOXQDQVHUkP]KDNNQGDWDOHEHGHFHP]PDOXPkWGDD\QVXUHWOHWHGDUNYHUVkOHWPHV
Ok]PGU$NVKkOGHE]PGHGPDQODUP]QWDNEHWPHNGHROGXNODUD\QWDUvNWDNEHW
PHP]]DUXUvGUhVHUkQDPODUQDUVkONOQDQYH\DKXGVHUkWDUDIQGDQ\D]ODQPHNWXEODUQ
KvQvVDOOHUQGHNWHHKKXU]DUU\\
OYXNXROGXXJEEXQDE]]DWVHUkVHEHE\HWYHUPHN
GHGU=UDNHQGOHUQHGHIDkWOHHGOHQKWDUkWYHWHQEKkWDUDPHQ\QHHF]DOHJ]O\D]ODU
\D]PDNGDEHUGHYDPROGXNODUQGDQPHNWXEODUQQGNNDWOHVDQVUHGOPHNV]QUVkOHGOH
PH\HFHNOHUkNkUGU%QkHQDOH\KPXKkVPKNPHWOHUGHROGXXJEJHUHNDKDOYHJHUHN
VHUkWDUDIQGDQ\D]ODQE
OFPOHPXKDUUHUkWEOkVWVQkVDQVUGHQJHoUWOPHNGHGUhVHUk
\KDUE\H\HNDUVPXDPHOHYHND\GV]ONJ|VWHUOPHNGHROGXXQDGDU$PHUND6HIkUH
W
QQEH\kQkWJD\UYkUGGUdQNDKvUHQVHUkJDUQ]RQODUQ]\DUHWYHVHUk\KDUE\H
QQDKYkOQHQID]QD]DUH\OH\HQEvWDUDIKH\HWQJDUQ]RQODUQDKYkO\OHVHUk\KDUE\H
KDNNQGDWDUDIP]GDQWDWENHGOPHNGHRODQPXDPHOH\HNDUEH\kQPHPQXQ\HWH\OHPHV
QH]GP]GHNVHUk\KDUE\H\HNDUWDUDIP]GDQVPXDPHOH\HUQHKVQPXDPHOHYH
OkND\Gv\HUQHKWPkPkWJ|VWHUOPHNGHROGXXKDNNQGDHYYHOYHkKUEH\kQkWP]WH\GYH
WHYVNHGHUEUNH\I\HWGUhVHUk\KDUE\HJDUQ]RQODUQGDNYHKkPHWDKYkOQQNDIQD
PPkQDDWINUQGHQGROD\QH]GP]GHNVHUk\KDUE\HQQ$PHUND6HIkUHWPHPXUvQQH
UkH HWGUOPHPHV KDNNQGD ]HKkEQ EU V WHIHKKP QHWFHV ROGXX ]DQQHGOPHNGHGU
dQN]\DUHWHWDUDIGDUROPDGP]DQFDN%H\QH
OPOHO6DOvE$KPHU0HUNH]8PXPvO

QGHQ]kPNOQDQKH\HWPXUDKKDVDQH]GP]GHNVHUkJDUQ]RQODUQ]\DUHWHWPHNGH
ROGXXFKHWOHEX]\DUHWoQ$PHUND6HIkUHWKkQHV
QGHQPHPXU]kPNOIHWKW\kUQ
PVWHO]PRODFDPWkODDVQGDQOHUJHOPGU%vWDUDIHWEEkGDQPUHNNHEEUNRPV\R
QXQPHPkON2VPDQ\\H\HD]PHWKDNNQGDHUHIYkUGRODQWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUQQFHYDE
Iv.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@YHQXPDUDOWH]NUHVHQkYHUvOHPDNDPGHY
OHWOHUQH WDNGP HGOPGU +XOkVD VHUk KDNNQGD PXDPHOH PWHNkEOH HVDVQD PEWHQv
RODQKHUWHNOINDEXOHkPkGH\]%XQDJ|UH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHFHYDEWkEX\XUXOPDVUFD
ROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v5HEvOHYYHOVHQHYHIv.kQQ6kQvVHQH
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
>P]D@
(QYHU

+56<6B

309

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

105

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/=(65/(51'(10h/=,09/2=(5
19()$7,

+DNNQGDD\UQWOELOJLLVWHQHQQJLOL]HVLUOHULQGHQ%ULJDGH5R\DO)LHOG$UWLOOHUL\
:HVVH[
\HPHQVXE0O]P9/R]HU
LQEDUVDNLOWLKDEQGDQOGKXVXVXQXQ
+DULFL\H1H]UHWL
QHELOGLULOGLL

XEDW

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
*DODWDUKWPdQO+DQ
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v(\OOVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
(VEkEYHIDWKDNNQGD/RQGUD+NPHWWDUDIQGDQWDIVODWWkVOWPDVHGOHQQJO]
VHUkVQGDQ%UJDGH5R\DO)HOG$UWOOHU\:HVVH[
\HPHQVXE 0Ok]P9/R]HU
QIv0D\V
VHQH >@ WDUKQGH OWKkE HPDGDQ YHIDW HWG 7RZQVKHQG 2UGXVX 6HUWDEE 0XkYQ
.D\PDNDP%UDXQ0VVQWDUDIQGDQWDUDIP]DWkHGOHQOVWHPQGHUFDWQGDQDQODOP
YHPH]NUOVWHGHPPkOH\KQHVEkEYHIDWKDNNQGDEXQGDQEDNDWDIVODWDGHVWUHVROXQD
PDGQDYHND\PDNDPPPkOH\KGH.W
O$PkUH
GHWDUDIP]GDQQJO]OHUHDGHHG
OHQVHUkP\kQQGDEXOXQGXXQGDQWDKNNkWIDVQDPNkQNDOPDPEXOXQGXXQDPDOXPkW
KXVO\OHRQDJ|UHNW]k\KkOQIDEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHW
PHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v5HEvOHYYHOVHQH>@YHIv.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOQDPQD
0HQ]O0IHWW8PXPvV
0UOYk
>P]D@

+56<6B

311

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

106

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=$6.(5$5&+%$/'($5/(<
+$..,1'$%/*7$/(%

QJLOWHUH +DULFL\H 1H]UHWL


QLQ /RQGUD
GDNL $PHULND 6HIUHWL DUDFO\OD .
W
O$PUH
GHHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL]DVNHUL$UFKLEDOG(DUOH\
LQQHUHGHWXWXNOXEXOXQ
GXXQDGDLUELOJLWDOHEL

XEDW

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH.kQQ6kQvVHQH
>@WDUK\OH$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQYkUGRODQ
QXPDUDOWDNUvUIDKvQQWHUFPHVGU

%kEOv
1H]kUHW+DUF\H
7HUFPH0GU\HW
1XPDUD
7HE\v]WDUK.kQQ6kQvVHQH

6HIkUHW o QJO] DVNHUQH GDU QJOWHUH +DUF\H 1H]kUHW WDUDIQGDQ /RQGUD


GDN
$PHUND6HIkUHW
QHUVkOROXQDQQRWDVXUHWQOHIIHQ1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\H
\HkUH\OHU
$VkNUPHUNPHQQ.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOPROGXNODU%HUOQWDUvN\ODQJOWHUH+N
PHW
QH YkUG RODQ PDOXPkWGDQ VWQEkW ROXQPDNGDGU QJOWHUH +DUF\H 1H]kUHW VHUk\
PHUNPHKDNNQGD'HUVDkGHW
GHQKoEUKDEHUYUGHWPHGQEOGUPHNGHYH.W
O$Pk
UH
GHHVUHGOPEUoRNVHUk\KDUE\HPHYFXGROXSEXQODUKDNNQGDQJOWHUH+NPHW
Q
FHEUJQHPDOXPkWDOQDPDGKDNNQGD+NPHW6HQ\\H
QQGHUKDOQD]DUGNNDWQ
FHOEH\OHPHVQVHIkUHWGHQUFDHWPHNGHYH7UN\H
GHEXOXQDQVHUkKDNNQGDNPDOXPkWQ
%HUOQ
HYUGHGHEOGKkOGHKHQ]QJOWHUH
\HWHEOHGOPHPROPDVNH\I\HWQQSHN
JDUEROGXXQXOkYHWHQGHUP\kQH\OHPHNGHGU
6HIkUHWEXPQDVHEHWOHXUDVQGDKkUH\OHUNVHUk\PHUNPHGHQNVQQVP
OHU1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\H
QQHKUKkOQoWDUK\OHNHQGVQHUVkOHWPROGXXVHUk
OVWHVQGHPHYFXGROXSEXOVWH\HQD]DUDQEXVHUkGDQEU$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QGDYHGHU%
OHPHGN
GHPHYNIEXOXQPDNGDPXUDVGDk\kQND\GYHWH]NkUGUNEXNHVUHDG
PDOXPkWQJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QQQRWDVWDUKQGHQPXDKKDUEUWDUKGHVHIkUHWHWHEO
HGOPGU6HIkUHWPG\HNDGDUQJO]QRWDVQGD]NUROXQDQ$UFKEDOG(DUOH\QDPQGDN
HVUHGDUPHPXUvQ2VPDQ\\HWDUDIQGDQEUJQHKDEHUYHPDOXPkWDK]HGHPHPROGX
XQGDQPHUNPHVUQHO\HYPQHUHGHPHYNIEXOXQGXXQXQNHQGVQHkUEX\XUXOPDVQ
1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\H
GHQUFDH\OHU

+56<6BDE

313

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

107

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=68%$<,+8*+6287+(51
+$..,1'$%/*7$/(%

.W
O$PUH0XKDUHEHVL
QGH2VPDQODVNHUOHULQFHHVLUHGLOGLL]DQQHGLOHQ
6LNKV $OD\
QD PHQVXS QJLOL] 0O]P 6DQLVL +XJK 6RXWKHUQ KDNNQGD ELOJL
WDOHEL

0DUW

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPQXPDUDV
+XVXVvQXPDUDV
7DUK0DUWVHQH>@>@
+XOkVD%UQJO]POk]PQDGDUWDOHEPDOXPkW

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW
QH
.W
O$PkUH
GHYkNRODQEUKFXPHVQDVQGDVHQHV1VDQJHFHVNXYk
\2VPDQ\\HWDUDIQGDQHVUHGOG]DQQROXQDQ
QF6NKV$OD\
QDPHQVXEQJO]POk
]P VkQvOHULQGHQ +XJK 6RXWKHUQ KDNNQGD PHPXUvQ DVNHU\\H 2VPDQ\\HFH VWKVkO
HGOHEOHFHNE
OFPOHPDOXPkWQkU$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQEkPXKWUDOWPDVNOQPDN
GDGU0DOXPkWPDWOEHQQQEkEX\XUXOPDVPWHPHQQkGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

315

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

108

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=68%$<,-$0(6+2:$5'67$%/(6
+$..,1'$%/*7$/(%

.W
O$PUH
GH\DUDORODUDNHVLUGHQ
QFL*XUNKD5LIOHV
LQHPHQVXEQJLOL]
0O]P6Q-DPHV+RZDUG6WDEOHVKDNNQGDELOJLWDOHEL

1LVDQ

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPQXPDUDV
+XVXVvQXPDUDV
7DUK1VDQVHQH>@>@
+XOkVD%UQJO]POk]PQDGDUWDOHEPDOXPkW

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
 XEDWVHQH>@WDUKQGH.W
O$PkUH
GHNXYk\2VPDQ\\HWDUDIQGDQPHF
UKDQHVUHGOHQ,UDNNXYYHVHIHU\\HVQQ
QF*XUNKD5HV
QHPHQVXEQJO]POk
]PVkQvVQGHQ\DQGD-DPHV+RZDUG6WDEOHVKDNNQGDPHPXUvQDVNHU\HFHVWKVkO
ROXQDEOHFHNE
OFPOHPDOXPkWQWkV$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQEkPXKWUDOWPDVNOQPDN
GDGU0DOXPkWPDWOEHQQQEkEX\XUXOPDVPWHPHQQkGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

317

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

109

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=*(1(5$/0(//6
16$/,.
'858081817$.%

QJLOL]HVLUOHULQGHQ*HQHUDO0HOOLVV
LQVDONGXUXPXQXQWHVELWLLLQWEELPXD\H
QHVLQLQ\DSOS\DSOPDGQQQJLOWHUH+DULFL\H1H]UHWLWDUDIQGDQVRUXOGXX

7HPPX]

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK7HPPX]>@>@
+XOkVD*HQHUDO0HOOVV
QPXD\HQHWEE\HV

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
0HPkON 2VPDQ\\H
GHN NDUDUJkKODUQ ]\DUHWOHU KDNNQGD EH\QH
OPOHO 6DOvE
$KPHU&HP\HW
QQVYoUHPXUDKKDVODUWDUDIQGDQWkNOQDQUDSRUDPHOII2VPDQO0HQ
]O0IHWW8PXPvV
QQPHNWXEXQGDEOGUOGYHFKOHQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ
*HQHUDO0HOOVV
QFQVPGkYkWQWD\Q]PQQGDPXD\HQHWEE\H\HWkEWXWXOXSWXWXO
PDG VWIVkUQ KkYv RODUDN QJOWHUH +DUF\H 1H]kUHW
QQ )OHPHQN 6HIkUHW
QGHQ WHYGv
ROXQDQIH]OHNHPXKWUDVVXUHWPDWY\\HQWHV\kUHGOG9HUOHFHNFHYDEQQEkEX\XUXOPDV
PWHPHQQkGU(PUXIHUPkQ.

+56<6B

319

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

110

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

9()$7('(11*/=(65/(5+$..,1'$1*/7(5(
11
g/h01('(1/(51('$5$<5,17,7$/(%

.W
O$PUHHVLUOHULQH\DNQODUWDUDIQGDQJQGHULOHQPHNWXSODUQED]ODU]H
ULQHYHIDWLDUHWLNRQXODUDNLDGHHGLOGLLQGHQQJLOWHUH+DULFL\H1H]UHWL
QLQYH
IDWHWPLHVLUOHULQOPOHULKDNNQGD+ROODQGD6HIUHWLDUDFOLOHD\UQWWDOHS
HWWLLQHYHFHWYHOOHUGHLVPLEXOXQDQQJLOL]HVLU/*D\WRQ$-%DWK&%XOOLQ
YH-%XUVH\YH6'\HKDNNQGDELOJL

$XVWRV

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK$XVWRVVHQH>@
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUHGOHQED]QJO]OHU

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
0DUWVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHDF]v\H]H\OGU
.W
O$PkUH
GH HVU HGOGNOHU PD]QXQ QJO] DVkNUQQ HVkPvVQ PXKWHYv RODUDN
QJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QGHQ+D]UDQVHQH>@WDUKQGHEkPXKWUDUVkOROXQGXX
EH\kQ\OD )OHPHQN 6HIkUHW
QGHQ EkWDNUvU WHYGv NOQDQ N NWD FHGYHO PDWY\\HQ WHV\kU
HGOG hVHUk\ PHUNPH\H J|QGHUOHQ PHNkWvE YH NDUWSRVWODOODUQ PHUNPODUQ YHIDW HW
P ROGXNODU DUHW\OH PHPXUvQ 2VPDQ\\H FkQEQGHQ QJOWHUH
\H DGH HGOP ROGXX
6HIkUHWGHQIDGHYHVDOI
]]NUOVWHOHUGHHVkPvVPQGHUFVHUkQQWDUKPDKDOYHVHEHE
YHIDWODUKDNNQGDPDOXPkWWkVOWPDVROXQPDNGDGU0kUUX
]]NUWH]NUHDF]vOHUVkO
NOQDQ %  DUHWO FHGYHOGH / *D\WRQ YH$ - %DWK QDPODUQGDN HIUkG WDUDIQGDQ DOQDQ
PHNWXEODUGD EUQFQQ  +D]UDQ VHQH >@ WDUKQGH 0XVXO
GD YH GHUQQ GH VHQH
PH]NUH(\OO
QQ
QFJQQGHQEUPGGHWPXNDGGHP<DUED
QGDEXOXQGXNODUkU
HGOGQJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QGHQOkYHWHQkUROXQPDNGDGUID\FDEPWHPHQ
QkGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6BDE

***

321

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK$XVWRVVHQH>@>@
+XOkVDQJO]VHUkOVWHOHU

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHDF]v\H]H\OGU
.W
O$PkUH
GH HVU HGOGNOHU PD]QXQ QJO] DVkNUQQ HVkPvVQ PXKWHYv RODUDN
QJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QGHQ7HPPX]VHQH>@WDUKQGHUVkOROXQGXXEH\kQ\
OD )OHPHQN 6HIkUHW
QGHQ EkWDNUvU WHYGv ROXQDQ N NWD FHGYHO PDWY\\HQ WHV\kU HGOG
$VkNUPH]NUH\HJ|QGHUOHQPHNkWvEYHNDUWSRVWDOODUYHIDWHWPROGXNODUDUHW\OHPH
PXUvQ 2VPDQ\\H FkQEQGHQ QJOWHUH
\H DGH HGOP ROGXXQGDQ EXQODUQ WDUK PDKDO
YH VHEHE YHIDWODU KDNNQGD PDOXPkW WHGDUN YH WkV YH PkUUX
]]NU $XVWRV YH 
0D\V VHQH >@ WDUKO N NWD WH]NUH DF]v OH UVkO NOQDQ FHGYHOOHUGH PQGHUF &
%XOOQYH-%XUVH\YH6'\HQDPODUQGDNVHUk\KDUE\\HWDUDIQGDQDOQDQPHNWXEODUGD
VHQHV7HUvQ(YYHOD\QGDQPXNDGGHPEUQFQQ<DUED
QGDYHNQFVQQ%DoH
GH
YHoQFQQVHQHPH]NUH(\OO
QGHQHYYHO<DUED
QGDEXOXQGXNODUQJOWHUH+DUF\H
1H]kUHW
QGHQ EOGUOG 6HIkUHW
Q FPOH kUkW YH POWHPHVkWGDQ ROPDNOD ID\ FDE
PWHPHQQkGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6BDE

322

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%XUVD+QWOHVUOHUJDUQ]RQX
%UQF'Q\D+DUE$OEP
*HQHONXUPD\%DNDQO$VNHU7DUKYH6WUDWHMN(WW $7$6( 'DUH%DNDQO$UY

323

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

111

'+(80EB

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=&5$<<
,1$/(611%856$
<$*(/0(6

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQS%XUVD
GD]RUXQOXLNDPHWHWELWXWXODQQJLOL]YDWDQ
GD&UD\\
Q\DQQDJHOPHOHULQHL]LQYHULOHQNDUV0LVLV%HDWULVLOHLNLROXQXQ
%XUVD
\DJHOGLNOHUL

(\OO

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
.DOHPQXPDUDV
7DUKWHE\v]$XVWRVVHQH>@

'DKO\H1k]U7DODW3DDKD]UHWOHUQGHQ
3ROV0GU8PXPvV$KPHG%H\
H
.W
O$PkUH
GHDOQDQVYOQJO]VHUkVQGDQ0VWHU&UD\\
Q%XUVD
GDNDPHWHPH
PXU HGOG YH VWDQEXO
GD EXOXQDQ DOHVQQ GH PHUNP QH]GQGH EXOXQDFD %DNXPDQ
GDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QGHQEOGUOPGU  0H]NUDOHQQ%XUVD
\DD]vPHWQHPVDDGH
WkV\ODQHWFHVQQQEkVWDYV\HROXQXUHIHQGP

+GDYHQGJkU 9Ok\HW
QH
 $OHPH]NUHQQ%XUVD
\DD]vPHWOHUQHPVDDGHWkV3ROV0GU\HW
QHWHEO
HGOPROPDNODEHUk\PDOXPkWEH\kQROXQXUHIHQGP
%HQFXEH0GU9kVI%H\
GHQ
6H\UX6HIHU0GU+VQ%H\
H
.W
O$PkUH
GHDOQDQVYOQJO]VHUkVQGDQ0VWHU&UD\\
QVWDQEXO
GDEXOXQDQ
DOHV\OH EHUDEHU %XUVD
GD NDPHWH PHPXU HGOG %DNXPDQGDQON 9HNkOHW &HOvOHV
Q
GHQEOGUOPYHDOHPH]NUHQQ%XUVD
\DD]vPHWOHUQHPVDDGHWkV3ROV0GU\HW
8PXPv\HV
QHkUNOQPROPDNODEXP]HNNUH6H\UX6HIHU0GU\HW
QHWDNGPROX
QXU

'+(80EB

325

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD
0VWHU&UD\\.W
O$PkUH
GHDOQDQVYOQJO]HVU

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGU
%XUVD
GD NDPHWH PHPXU HGOP YH VWDQEXO
GD EXOXQDQ DOHVQQ GH %XUVD
GD NHQG
QH]GQGHNDPHWQHPVDDGHROXQPXGXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v7HPPX]VHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
>P]D@
(QYHU

'+(80EB

***
VWDQEXO3ROV0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.VP6\DVv0GU\HW
$GHG

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGUN
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H%HQFXEH0GU\HWIDGHV\OHHUHIYkUGRODQIv$XVWRV
VHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHQH]kUHWSHQkKvOHUFHYDEGU
.W
O$PkUH
GHDOQDQVYOQJO]VHUkVQGDQROXS%XUVD
GDNDPHWHPHPXU0VWHU
&UD\\
Q'HUVDkGHW
GH)UXJHU2WHO
QGHVkNQH]HYFHV0VV%HDWUV&UD\\
QdD\YH)HVWDQ
QDPQGDNNROX\ODEHUDEHUPHUNPXQQH]GQHD]vPHWoQ\HGQHPXNWH]vVH\DKDWYHV
NDVWkHGOHUHNIv$XVWRVVHQH>@WDUKQGH'HUVDkGHW
GHQPIkUDNDWHWGPDU]
GXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)v$XVWRVVHQH>@
3ROV0GU8PXPvV
>P]D@

'+(80EB

326

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
+GDYHQGJkU9Ok\HW
0HNWXEv.DOHP
1XPDUD
8PXPv
+XVXVv

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV&kQE6kPvV
QH
QXPDUDOYH$XVWRVWDUKOHPUQkPHIDKvPkQHOHUQHDUv]DFHYDE\\H
GU

0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGU
%XUVD
GDNDPHWOHUQH PVDDGHEX\XUXOGXX kUEX\XUXODQ.W
O$PkUH
GHDOQDQ
VYOQJO]VHUkVQGDQ0VWHU&UD\\
QoQHIHUGHQEDUHWHIUkGDOHV%XUVD
\D YUG et
PROGXXQXQDU]\ODWDNGPWHNUvPkWH\OHUPHIHQGP2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHW
YHO\\
OHPUQGU
=ONDGHYH(\OO
+GDYHQGJkU9DOV
>P]D@

'+(80EB

327

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

112

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((651*/=3<$'(d$980$7832/$06(1.
9($1$)$57$/$5(651*/=.,'(0/<h=%$,'21(6$57+85
('01
1/(.(/+800'$1g/h0h

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL]3L\DGHDYX0DWX3RODPVHQN
LQOHNHOLKXPP
KDVWDOQGDQGROD\0D\VWDULKLQGH'DYXGSDD+DVWDQHVL
QGHYH$QD
IDUWDODU
GDHVLUHGLOHQQJLOL].GHPOL<]ED'RQHV$UWKXU(GPLQ
LQ\LQHOHNHOL
KXPPKDVWDOQGDQGROD\7HPPX]WDULKLQGH*PVX\X+DVWDQHVL
Q
GHOGNOHULQLQDQODOG

(\OO

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD
+XOkVD'DYXGSDDYH*PVX\XKDVWDKkQHOHUQGHYHIDWHGHQNQJO]HVUKDNNQGD
*DODWD5KWP
QGDdHOHE+DQ

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v7HPPX]VHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
'DYXGSDDYH*PVX\XKDVWDKkQHOHUQGHYHIDWHGHQNQJO]HVUQQkUGHY
OHWOHU]HUQHWDUKYHHVEkEYHIDW\ODNWDODUQPUPXYD]]DKNQ\HOHUUDEWDQWDNGP
NOQPROPDNODROEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v=ONDGHVHQH>@YHIv(\OOVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOQDPQD
0HQ]O0IHWW8PXPvV
0UOYk%URQVDUW
>P]D@

+56<6B

329

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW

QJO]2UGXVX$OD\3\DGHdDYX0DWX
3DORPVHQN
0DKDOOYHOkGHW9HEHVHQ"
6QQ
0DKDOYHWDUKHVkUHW.W
O$PkUHIv
1VDQVHQH>@
7DUK YH VHEHE YHIDW /HNHO KXPPk Iv
 0D\V VHQH >@ WDUKQGH 'DYXGSDD
+DVWDKkQHV
QGH

QJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ2QXQFX
*XUNKD1DNO\H$OD\
QGDQ.GHPO<]ED
'RQHV$UWKXU(GPQ
0DKDOOYHOkGHW/RQGUD
6QQ
0DKDOOWDUKHVkUHW$QDIDUWDIv$XV
WRVVHQH>@
7DUK YH VHEHE YHIDW )v  +D]UDQ VHQH
>@/HNHOKXPPkGDQ*PVX\X+DV
WDKkQHV
QGH

+56<6B

330

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

XQFX7XJD\NRPXWDQ
7PJHQHUDO0HOOV

QF7PHQ7RSoX.XPDQGDQ
7XJHQHUDO*UHU

QF7XJD\.XPDQGDQ
7PJHQHUDO'HODPDQ

QF7XJD\.XUPD\
%DNDQ<DUED\3DUU

QF7XJD\.XPDQGDQ
7XJHQHUDO+DPOWRQ

QF7XJD\.XPDQGDQ
7XJHQHUDO(YDQV
XQFX7XJD\.XUPD\
%DNDQ%QED0DFNHQQD

QF7XJD\.XUPD\
%DNDQ<]ED*ROGIUDSS

QF7XJD\.XUPD\
%DNDQ<]ED+HUEHUW

QF7XJD\.XUPD\
%DNDQ%QED-RKQVRQ

(VLUDOQDQQJLOL],UDNRUGXVXJHQHUDOOHULYHPDL\\HWL
+DUE0HFPXDV6D\6D\ID

331

QFWPHQ7RSoX.XUPD\
%DNDQ<]ED+DOOIRUG

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

113

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(655$+3/(5+$..,1'$%/*7$/(%

QJLOL] +DULFL\H 1H]UHWL WDUDIQGDQ .W


O$PUH
GH 2VPDQO 2UGXVXQFD HVLU
HGLOHQYHNHQGLOHULQHPDDYHULOLSYHULOPHGLLVRUXODQQJLOL]:HVOH\DQYH5RPD
.DWROLNNLOLVHOHULQHPHQVXSUDKLSOHUGHQ0U6SRRQHU
LQ.DVWDPRQX
GD0XOODQYH
0U:ULJKW
LQLVH$I\RQNDUDKLVDU
QGDROGXNODUQQDQODOG

(\OO

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK(\OO>@>@
+XOkVD(VUoQJO]UDKE

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
QJO] :HVOH\DQ 5RPD .DWRON NOVHOHUQH PHQVXE UHKkEvQGHQ 6SRRQHU :UJKW
0XOODQQDPQGDNQJO]UDKEOHUQ.W
O$PkUH
GHHVUKDUEHGOPYHHOKkOHWKk]Kv
PHPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHNDPHWHWGUOPHNGHEXOXQPXROGXNODUQJOWHUH+DUF\H1H]kUH
W
QQ'HUVDkGHW
GH)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QGHQEkWDNUvUUVkOROXQDQQRWDVQGDkUYHPHUNPODUD
PDDWkHGOSHGOPHGQQYHHGOGWDNGUGHKHUEUQHYHUOHQSDUDQQPNGDUVWIVkU
HGOPHNGHGU0HUNPODUGDQHYYHONVQQ.DVWDPRQX
GDYHGHUNVQQGH$I\RQNDUDKVD
U
QGDEXOXQPDNGDROGXNODUYHUOHQPDOXPkWGDQDQODOG6HIkUHW
QFPOHkUkWQGDQ
GU0DOXPkWPDWOEHQQQEkEX\XUXOPDVPWHPHQQkGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6BDE

333

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

114

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'9(0$<(7+$5&1'(.(65=$%7/(51
67$1%8/
'$'$+$)$=/$.$/0$/$5,1,18<*812/0$<$&$,

*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGLOHPDL\HWLQGHQEDNDHVLU]DELWOHULQVWDQEXO
GDGDKDID]OD
NDOPDODUQQX\JXQROPD\DFDYH=DSSHLRQ+DVWDQHVL
QGHWHGDYLVLGHYDPHGHQ
.D\PDNDP&KDUOHV&RYHQWU\
QLQWHGDYLVLQGHQVRQUD%XUVDJDUQL]RQXQDJQGH
ULOHFHLKXVXVXQXQ)OHPHQN6HIUHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVL

.DVP

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD
+XOkVD*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGOHPD\HWQGHQEDND]kEWkQQ'HUVDkGHW
GHGHYDPNDPHWFD]
RODPD\DFDQDYH.D\PDNDP&RYHQWU\
QQWHGDYGHQVRQUD%XUVDJDUQ]RQXQDJ|QGHUOHFH

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
.DUDUJkK8PXPv$OWQFXEH
GHQ\D]OPGU
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
7HUvQ6kQv>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGOHPD\HWQGHQEDNDHVU]kEWkQQ'HUVDkGHW
GHGHYDPNDPHW
PQDVEJ|UOHPHGQQYHPDDKk]kHO\HYP=DSSHRQ+DVWDKkQHV
QGHWDKWWHGDYGHEX
OXQDQQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ.D\PDNDP&KDUOHV&RYHQWU\
QQKDVWDKkQHGHQoNQFD
kEYHKDYDVYHNDSOFDODU\ODPWHKU%XUVDJDUQ]RQXQDQDNONDEOEXOXQGXXQXQFHYDEHQ
)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QHEOk\ODEXEkEGDDOQDFDNFHYDEQkUEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2O
EkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v6DIHUVHQH>@YHIv7HUvQ6kQvVHQH
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

335

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

115

+56<6BD

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=$6.(5/(51'(18d$.0(.$16<(1
67-2+1+$..,1'$%/*7$/(%

.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUGHQYHKDNNQGDQJLOWHUH+DULFL\H1H]UHWLWDUDIQGDQ
ELOJLWDOHSROXQDQ5R\DO)O\LQJ&RUSV
DEDO
QFL+DQWV$OD\
QDPHQVXSQJLOL]
DVNHUOHULQGHQ 8DN 0HNDQLV\HQL 6W -RKQ
XQ 7RURV3R]DQW DUDVQGDNL $OPDQ
2WRPRELO.DUDUJK+DVWDQHVL
QGHWHGDYLHGLOPHNGHROGXXQXQDQODOG

$UDON

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
$GHG
+XOkVD%UQJO]WD\\DUHF
0HOII

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
.W
O$PkUH
QQ VXNWXQGD DVkNU 2VPDQ\\H WDUDIQGDQ HVU HGOHQOHU P\kQQGD
EXOXQGXXPD]QXQ5R\DO)O\QJ&RUSVDPHUEW
QF+DQWV$OD\
QDPHQVXE0DNQHF
6 6W -RKQ QDPQGDN WD\\DUHF KDNNQGD PDOXPkW WDOHEQ KkYv RODUDN QJOWHUH +DUF\H
1H]kUHW
QGHQ0D\V>@WDUK\OHWkHGOGEH\kQ\OD)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QGHQEkPXK
WUDUVkOROXQDQQRWDQQVXUHWPDWY\\HQWHV\kUNOQG0HUNPKDNNQGDPHPXUvQDVNH
U\\H2VPDQ\\HFHVWKVkOHGOHEOHFHNE
OFPOHPDOXPkWQQEkVVHIkUHWPkUXQOH\
KkGDQOWPDVROXQPDNGDGU0DOXPkWPDWOEHQQkUEX\XUXOPDVPWHPHQQkGU(PUX
IHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)vDEDQVHQHYHIv+D]UDQVHQH
+DUF\H1k]UQDPQD
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QGDUH\H
PHPXUVIHUk2VPDQ\\H
GHQ
>P]D@
hoQFXEH
\H0HQ]O0IHWW8PXPvOQFHPHUNPXQHVkUHWQHGDUEUND\GD
WHVDGIHGOHPHPGUXEHkOvOHUHPUQGHEXOXQDQVHUkP\kQQGDEXQDPGDEUQQEX
OXQXSEXOXQPDGQQWDKNNOHNW]DVQQIDEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU
)vPQK
>PKU>P]D@

+56<6BD

337

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
%DGDG+DWWQkkW.WDkW0IHWWO
QH
%XEkEGDWDKNNkWFUDV\ODQHWFHWDKNNkWQkUPWHPHQQkGU
>@
PHQGIHUXEHV0GUQDPQD
>P]D@

5HVXOD\Q.XPDQGDQ0XkYQ%QEDEUDKP+DNN%H\
H
0HUNPXQ5HVXOD\QYH'FOHNWDkWQGDEXOXQXSEXOXQPDGQQEH\kQYHKDNNQ
GDQJO]WDEEYHoDYXODUQGDQDOQDEOHFHNPDOXPkWQkUPWHPHQQkGU
)v>@
0IHWW0UDOD\
)XDG+VH\Q
7RURVYH3R]DQWDUDVQGDNPHQ]OKDVWDKkQHVQGH
1XPDUD
%DGDG+DWWQkkW.WDkW0IHWWO&kQEOvV
QH
0HUNPXQ7RURVYH3R]DQWDUDVQGDNPHQ]OKDVWDKkQHVQGHEXOXQGXX7DEE<]
ED3RU
QQIDGHVQGHQDQODOPROPDNODDGHWHQWDNGPNOQGPDU]GXU
)v7HUvQ6kQvVHQH>@
5HVOD\QQkkW.WDkW.XPDQGDQ9HNO
%QEDEUDKP+DNN

+56<6BE

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH*UXS
1XPDUD
+XOkVDQJO]VHUkVQGDQ+DQWV$OD\
QDPHQVXEEUQHIHUPDNQHFHVUKDNNQGD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
.W
O$PkUH
QQ VXNWXQGD DVkNU 2VPDQ\\H WDUDIQGDQ HVU HGOHQOHU P\kQQGD

338

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

EXOXQGXXPD]QXQ5R\DO)O\QJ&RUSV
DPHUEW
QF+DQWV$OD\
QDPHQVXE0DNQHF
6W-RKQKDNNQGDPDOXPkWWDOHEQKkYv+D]UDQVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPD
UDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHU]HUQHFUDHGOHQWDKNNkWQHWFHVQGHPHUNPXQ7RURVYH3R]DQW
DUDVQGDN$OPDQ2WRPREO.DUDUJkK+DVWDKkQHV
QGHWDKWWHGDYGHROGXXDQODOPYH
DGHkI\HWHGSHWPHGPH]NUKDVWDKkQHGHQVXDOHGOPROPDNODFHYDEYUGXQGDD\
UFDDU]ROXQPDN]HUHEXHYUDNWDKNN\\HOHIIHQDU]XWDNGPNOQPGU2OEkEGDHPU
XIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v5HEvOHYYHOVHQH>@YHIv.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNOQDPQD
(UNkQ+DUE\H5HV6DQV
>P]D@

+56<6B

***
%DGDG+DWWQkkW.WDkW0IHWWO
$GHG
1XPDUD
+DOHE
>@

*DODWD
GD0HUNH]5KWP+DQ
QGDhoQFPHQGIHUXEHV0GU\HW
QH
0HUNPXQ7RURV YH 3R]DQW DUDVQGDN$OPDQ 2WRPREO .DUDUJkK +DVWDKkQHV
QGH
EUDNOGHGOHQWDKNNkWGDQYHPHUEWHYUDNGDQDQODOPROPDNODDGHWHQWDNGPNOQG
PDU]GXU
%DGDG+DWWQkkW.WDkW0IHWW
(UNkQ+DUE\H0UDOD\
)XDG+VH\Q

+56<6B

339

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

116

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(65/(5(0$$g'(10(6

(VLUQJLOL]VXED\ODUDEHOLUOHQHQHVDVODUDJUHPDDGHQGLLVDYDGROD\V\OD
IL\DWODUQ\NVHOGLLGLNNDWHDOQUVD.RQ\D
GDNL+LQWOLHVLUOHUHGHPH\DSOPDVQQ
PPNQROPDGYHQJLOWHUH
GHNL7UNHVLUOHUHGHWHNOLIROXQGXXKOGHKLELU
\DUGPQ\DSOPDGKXVXVXQXQ)OHPHQN6HIUHWL
QHFHYDSRODUDNELOGLULOPHVL

2FDN

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
hVHUk0XDPHOkWXEHV
$GHG
*DODWD0HUNH]5KWP+DQ
>@

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
1H]GP]GHEXOXQDQHVUQJO]]kEWDQQDWDUDIH\QFHNDUDUODGUODQHVDVkWGDUHVQGH
PDDYHUOPHNGHROXSDKYkOKD]UDKDUE\HGROD\VOHS\DVDGDKNPIHUPkRODQJDOk
\ HVkUGDQ \DOQ] .RQ\D
GD EXOXQDQ +QGO VHUk GHO KHU IHUG PWHHVVU ROGXX FKHWOH
PPkOH\KFHHVPkQPXNDEOQGHFKHWDVNHU\HGHQWD\QkWWkVKkOHQPNkQGDKOQGHRO
PDGQQYHD\Q]DPDQGDQJOWHUH
GHEXOXQDQVHUkP]QGDJDOk\HVkUQWDKWWHVUQGH
EXOXQGXNODUKkOGHWHNOIYkNYHFKOHFKHWDVNHU\HGHQEUPXkYHQHWYHP]kKHUHWHQDO
RODPDGNODUQQFHYDEHQ)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QHEOkEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUX
UkGHKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
+DUE\H1k]UQDPQD
>P]D@

+56<6B

341

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

117

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=*(1(5$/65&+$5/(60(//66
1
6$/,.6(%(%</(08'$1<$
<$1$./

0DKDOOL VDON NXUXOX WDUDIQGDQ YHULOHQ UDSRU ]HULQH %XUVD


GDQ 0XGDQ\D
\D
QDNOHGLOPHNLVWHQHQHVLUQJLOL]*HQHUDO6LU&KDUOHV0HOOLVV
LQQDNLOLLQHVLUELU
QJLOL]GRNWRULOHELUQJLOL]VXED\QQ\DYHURODUDNNHQGLVLQHHOLNHWPHVLYHJLGH
FHL\HULQ%XUVD
GDQGDKDE\NYHJ]HOROPDVHNOLQGHLOHULVUGDUWODU
QQNDEXOQHLPNQJUOPHGLLQGHQQDNOLQGHQYD]JHLOGLLKXVXVXQXQ)OHPHQN
6HIUHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVL

2FDN

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
hVHUk0XDPHOkWXEHV
$GHG
*DODWD0HUNH]5KWP+DQ
>@

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
%XUVDhVHUk*DUQ]RQX
QGDEXOXQDQQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ*HQHUDO6U&KDU
OHV0HOOVVKDNNQGDPDKDOOvKH\HWVKK\HVQFHWkNOQDQUDSRU]HUQHPPkOH\KQ0X
GDQ\D
\DQDNOQHWHHEEVHGOPNHQPPkOH\K*HQHUDOWDUDIQGDQDOGPEUPHNWXEGD
$I\RQNDUDKVDU
QGDEXOXQDQHVUEUQJO]GRNWRUXQXQYHEUQJO]]kEWQQ\kYHURODUDN
NHQGVQH WHUIvN HGOPHGNoH YH JGHFH PDKDO %XUVD
GDQ GDKD E\N YH J]HO ROPDG
KkOGH%XUVD
\WHUNH\OHPHNDU]XVXQGDROPDGDQODOPYH7HNODW(VkV\\H
\HPXKDOI
EXOXQPDNYHD\UFDEUPXDPHOH\PVWHYFEROPDNWEDU\OD*HQHUDO0HOOVV
QWHNOIYHDU
]XVXQXQWDUDIP]GDQNDEXOQHPDD
WWHHVVIPNkQJ|UOHPHPROGXXQGDQPPkOH\KQ
DU]XVXYHFKOH0XGDQ\D
\DQDNOQGHQVDUIQD]DUHGOPROGXXQXQ)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QH
EOkEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXUkGHKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
+DUE\H1k]U
(QYHU

+56<6B

343

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

118

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

*(1(5$/72:16+(1'
1$/(611
67$1%8/
$*(/0(6

*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
LQHLQLQN]YHKL]PHWLVLLOHELUOLNWHVWDQEXO
DJHOPHVLGX
UXPXQGDNHQGLVLOHULQHHQJHOROXQPD\DFDQQLOJLOLOHUHELOGLULOPHVL

0DUW

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK0D\VVHQH>@
+XOkVDQJO]VHUkKDUE\\HVQGHQ*HQHUDO
7RZQVKHQG
Q]HYFHVKDNNQGD

%DNXPDQGDQON9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QNDPHWHWGUOHFHPDKDOGHNHQGVQHPOkNvROPDN]HUHV
WDQEXO
DJHOPHVQHPPkOH\KQ]HYFHVQH+NPHW2VPDQ\\HFHPVDDGHROXQXSROXQ
PD\DFDQJO]+NPHW
QGHQYkNRODQWDOHEHPHEQv$PHUND6HIkUHW
QGHQEkWDNUvUVXDO
YHKNPHWPH]NUH\HWHEONOQDEOPHN]HUHEXEkEGDNNDUDUQVUDWPPNQHOH
kUOWPDVNOQPDNGDGU6HIkUHWHYHUOHFHNFHYDEQQEkEX\XUXOPDVYkEHVWHKPHP
DO\\HkVDIkQHOHUGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.D\GQXPDUDV
7DUK+D]UDQVHQH>@

2UGX\+Pk\Q%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
QH
+D]UDQVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHDO\\HkVDIkQHOHU]HUQH*HQH
UDO7RZQVKHQG
GHQDOHVQQ'HUVDkGHW
HJHOPHVQQPQDVEJ|UOG$PHUND6HIkUHW
QH
EOGUOPG6HIkUHW
GHQEXNHUHDOQDQWDNUvUGH0DGDP7RZQVKHQG
QVWDQEXO
D$YXVWXU
\DYH0DFDUVWDQYH%XOJDUVWDQWDUvN\ODJHOPHNWHQEKRO>XQ@GXXEH\kQPPkOH\KkQQ

345

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

$YXVWXU\DYH0DFDUVWDQYH%XOJDUVWDQDUD]VQGHQJHoHEOPHVoQ6HIkUHWFHFUDROXQD
FDNWHHEEVkWQWH\GYHQHWFH\WHVUvoQ+NPHW2VPDQ\\HFkQEQGHQGHKNPkW
PH]NUH QH]GQGH WHHEEVkWGD EXOXQXOPDV OWPDV YH 0DGDP 7RZQVKHQG
Q NoN N]
2XGUH\EOHEHDOWVHQHGHQEHUK]PHWQGHEXOXQDQ)UDQV]WkEkWQGDQK]PHWFVQEH
UDEHUJHWUPHNINUQGHEXOXQGXXOkYHNOQPDNGDGU%XEkEGDNPWkODDkVDIkQHOHUQQ
QEkEX\XUXOPDVPHUFGXU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6BDE

***
2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
)v+D]UDQVHQH>@YH8PU6\DV\HWDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUH
GHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQGIDPO\DVQQVWDQEXO
DJHOPHVQHPVDDGHHWGN%XQXQoQWDUD
IP]GDQD\UFDPXDPHOH\DSOPDVQDO]XPJ|UP\RUXP$PHUND+NPHWYDVWDV\ODEX
EkEGD$OPDQ\DYH$YXVWXU\DKNPHWOHUQH]GQGHWHHEEVkWGDEXOXQPDODUGDKDPXYkIN
ROXU&HYDEQQWkVUFDROXQXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v+D]UDQVHQH>@
%DNXPDQGDQ9HNO
(QYHU

+56<6B

346

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
+DUE\H1H]kUHW
hVHUk0XDPHOkWXEHV
$GHG
*DODWD0HUNH]5KWP+DQ
>@

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
XEDWVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
*HQHUDO7RZQVKHQG
QUHINDV0DGDP7RZQVKHQG]HYFQ]\DUHWHWPHN]HUH'HUVDk
GHW
HJHOGWDNGUGHWDUDIP]GDQPPkQDDWHGOPH\HFHQQFHYDEHQEOkEX\XUXOPDV
PHUFGXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
+DUE\H1k]U
(QYHU

+56<6B

347

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

119

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(651*/=*(1(5$/$:(9$16
,1+$67$
.$5,6,1,=<$5(7d11*/7(5(
<(*70(7$/(%

%XUVD
GDHVLUWXWXODQQJLOL]*HQHUDO$:(YDQV
QOPFOKDVWDRODQNDUVQ
JUPHNLLQELUNDJQOQHQJLOWHUH
\HJLWPHN]HUHVSDQ\D.UDODUDFO\OD
L]LQWDOHSHWWLL

0DUW

+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK0DUWVHQH>@>@
+XOkVD(VU*HQHUDO(YDQV
QQJOWHUH
\H
DYGHWQHPVDDGHROXQPDV

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QH
(OKkOHWKk]vKvHVURODUDN%XUVD
GDEXOXQDQQJO]*HQHUDOOHUQGHQ$:(YDQV
Q
]HYFHV KD\DW DQFDN EUN D\ NDGDU PWGkG HGHEOHFHN GHUHFHGH KDVWD ROGXXQD YH
PPkOH\K*HQHUDOQ]HYFHVQJ|UPHN]HUHKoROPD]VHEUNDoJQoQQJOWHUH
\HDY
GHWQH PVDDGH ROXQPDVQD GDU VSDQ\D .UDO
QQ NDWE KXVXVvVQGHQ J|QGHUOHQ YDUDND
OHEXEkEGDoWDEEWDUDIQGDQPP]kHKkGHWQkPH)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QGHQEkWDNUvUWHYGv
ROXQPDOD OHIIHQ WHV\vU NOQG *HQHUDO (YDQV
Q R VXUHWOH QJOWHUH
\H D]PHWQH PVDDGH
ROXQPDVKDNNQGDN.UDOPkUXQOH\KQWDOHE)OHPHQN6HIkUHWQFHGHWH\GHGOPHNOH
EHUDEHUEXKXVXVGDWHGkEvUOk]PHQQkFOHQWWKk]OWPDVHGOPHNGHGUID\FDEPDQ
]UUH\kVDIkQHOHUGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

349

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

120

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

1*/7(5(+h.0(77$5$),1'$1.7h
/$05((65/(5
+$..,1'$$9$0.$0$5$6,
1,1%/*/(1'5/0(6

2VPDQO'HYOHWL
QGHNLQJLOL]HVLUOHULQHGDLUQJLOWHUH+NPHWLWDUDIQGDQ$YDP
.DPDUDV
QDYHULOHQELOJLOHUGHNLDUSNONODUQG]HOWLOPHVLLLQFHYDSQLWHOLLQGH
2VPDQO'HYOHWL
QLQ/DKH\6HIUHWLWDUDIQGDQ)OHPHQNEDVQQGDELU\D]\D\Q
ODWOG

1LVDQ


/DKH\

7h5./(51(/(*(d5'1*/=(65/(5.218681'$
1*/=+h.0(711%(<$11$0(6
1HXZH5RWWHUGDPVFKH&RXUDQW0DUWWDUKWEDU\OD\D\QODQDQPDNDOH
7UNOHUHHVUGHQ+QWYHQJO]HVUOHUQDNEHW\OHOJO$YDP.DPDUDVQGDYHUOHQ
EUVRUX\DQJO]KNPHWQQYHUG\D]OFHYDEQ7PHVJD]HWHVQGH\D\QODQDQPHWQ
7UNOHUQHVUDOGQJO]HVUOHUQGHQ]NXYYHWOHUQHDWVXED\YHS\D
GHGHQROXWXXEOQ\RU%XQODUGDQVXED\YHS\DGHPHPOHNHWOHUQHJ|QGHUOPOHU
YH\DIUDUHWPOHUGU(OGHHGOHQVRQEOJOHUHJ|UHVXED\YHHUYHIDWHWPROXS
KkOHQVXED\YHHUHVUNDPSODUQGDEXOXQPDNWDGU
%XUDNDPODUNHQGOHUKDNNQGDKHUKDQJEUEOJHOGHHGOPH\HQ.W
O$PkUH*DU
Q]RQX
QDDWEUVXED\YHHUoHUPHPHNWHGU(OGHHGOHQPDOXPkWDJ|UHHVU+QWDVNHU
OHUQQVD\VVXED\ODUQPNGDUVHGU%XQODUGDQVXED\YHHU\DPHPOH
NHWOHUQHJ|QGHUOPYH\DIUDUHWPOHUGU$OQDQVRQEOJOHUHJ|UHEXQODUGDQG|UWVXED\YH
HUQ|OGVXED\YHHUQKkOHQHVUNDPSODUQGDEXOXQGXXEOJVPHYFXW
.W
O$PkUH*DUQ]RQX
QGDQDVNHUHJHOQFHRQODUKDNNQGDGDKDID]ODKoEUH\E
OQP\RU
1HXZH5RWWHUGDPVFKH&RXUDQW*D]HWHVQJO]KNPHWQQGDKD|QFHWHOV]WHOJ
UDIQGD DoNODG EH\kQQDPHGH EOGUOG JE V|] HGOHQ FHYDE DoNODPDVQGD o|OGHQ
JHoOHUVUDVQGDND\ERODQYHWHOHIROGXNODUUYD\HWHGOHQHVUOHUGHQV|]HGOPHGWHVS
WQGHEXOXQPDNWDGU
+56<6B

351

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
/DKH\6HIkUHW6HQ\\HV

=H\OQJO]VHUkVQDGDU

+DUF\H1H]kUHW9HNkOHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
0DUWVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWHOJUDIQkPHDF]v\H]H\OGU
QJO] VHUkVQD GDU QJOWHUH +NPHW WDUDIQGDQ$YDP .DPDUDV
QD WHEO HGOHQ
PDOXPkW KkYv ROXS VXUHW EX GHID 7PHV JD]HWHVQGHQ QDNOHQ PDWEkW PDKDOO\HGH QHU
HGOPRODQFHYDEWDKUvUvQQ)UDQV]FDWHUFPHVoQVKDRODUDNOHIIHQWDNGPKX]XU
VkPvOHUNOQPGU1HXZH5RWWHUGDPVFKH&RXUDQWGDEH\kQHWG]HUHQJO]VHUkV
QQo|OOHUGHQJHoHUNHQWHOHIROGXNODUUYD\HWPH]NUFHYDEGDPHY]EDKVGHOGU2O
EkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v0DUWVHQH
/DKH\6HIU
>P]D@

+56<6B

352

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK1VDQVHQH>@>@
+XOkVDQJO]VHUkVQDGDU$YDP
.DPDUDV
QDWHEOROXQDQFHYDE

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QH
0DUWVHQH>@WDUKOYHQXPDUDOWH]NUH\H]H\OGU
0HPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHNQJO]VHUkVQDGDUQJOWHUH+NPHWWDUDIQGDQ$YDP
.DPDUDV
QDWHEOHGOHQPDOXPkWKkYvRODUDN7PHVJD]HWHVQGHQQDNOHQVXUHW)OHPHQN
PDWEkW\ODQHUROXQDQFHYDEWDKUUvQQ)UDQV]FDWHUFPHVEXNHUH/DKH\6HIkUHW6H
Q\H\HV
QGHQEkWDKUUkWJ|QGHUOPHVQHPHEQvOHIIHQWHV\vUNOQG7HOHIROGXNODUUYD\HW
QQ]NUROXQDQFHYDEGDPHY]EDKVROPDG6HIkUHWPkUXQOH\KGkQEOGUOPHNGHGU
(PU>X@IHUPkQ

+56<6B

353

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

121

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

3$3$
1,1(650h%$'(/(67$/(%

3DSD
QQPEGHOHWDOHELQGHEXOXQGXXQJLOL]VDYDHVLUOHULQGHQ%XUVD
GDNL*H
QHUDO6PLWKLOH*HGL]
GHEXOXQDQ.D\PDNDP7D\ORU
XQPEGHOHOHULQHL]LQYHULO
PHGLL

+D]LUDQ

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK0D\VVHQH>@>@
+XOkVDQJOWHUHVHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ*HQHUDO
6PWKOH.D\PDNDP7D\ORU
XQPEkGHOHOHU

+DUE\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
QJOWHUHVHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ%XUVD
GDEXOXQDQ*HQHUDO6PWKOH*HGV
GH.D\
PDNDP7D\ORU
XQPEkGHOHUoQPHVkvFHPOHGHEXOXQPDV3DSDKD]UHWOHUQGHQUFDHGO
GPkUXQOH\KQ'HUVDkGHWYHNOWDUDIQGDQVXUHWKXVV\\HGHEOGUOPROPDNODEX
EkEGDNPWkODDGHYOHWOHUQQkUEX\XUXOPDVPHUFGXU(PUXIHUPkQ
+56<6B

***
+DUE\H1H]kUHW
hVHUk0XDPHOkWXEHV
$GHG
*DODWD0HUNH]5KWP+DQ
>@

+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
0D\V>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
%XUVD
GDEXOXQDQ*HQHUDO6PWKOH*HGV
GHEXOXQDQ.D\PDNDP7D\ORU
XQPEkGH
OHOHUFKHWQHPDD
WWHHVVIJGOHPH\HFHQQFHYDEHQ3DSD
QQ'HUVDkGHW9HNkOHW
QHEOk
EX\XUXOPDVPHUFGXU2OEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
+DUE\H1k]UQDPQD
>P]D@

+56<6B

355

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

122

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05((651*/=68%$<(20286/(<
1
7('$961(1*/7(5(
'('(9$0('/0(6

.W
O$PUH
GH HVLU GWNWHQ VRQUD QFH +D\GDUSDD +DVWDQHVL
QGH GDKD
VRQUDGD%XUVD
GDWHGDYLVLQHGHYDPHGLOHQDQFDNL\LOHPH\HQQJLOL]0O]P(
20RXVOH\
LQ%HUQWLODIQDPHVLJHUHLQFHROXWXUXODFDNVH\\DUNRPLV\RQFDPX
D\HQH HGLOGLNWHQ VRQUD QJLOWHUH
\H GQQH L]LQ YHULOLS YHULOPH\HFHLQH NDUDU
YHULOHFHLKXVXVXQXQ)OHPHQN6HIUHWL
QHELOGLULOPHVL

(\OO

%kEOv
1H]kUHW+DUF\H
7HUFPH0GU\HW
>7DUK@+D]UDQVHQH
+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH0D\VVHQH
WDUK\OH)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QGHQYkUGRODQ
QXPDUDOWDNUvUIkKvQQWHUFPHVGU

1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\HJHoHQ.kQQ6kQv
QQRWX]XWDUKOYHQXPDUDOP]HN
NUHVOHQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ$OWQF)UND<HWP$OWQF6DKUD7RSoX0Ok]P
(20RXVOH\
QKDUEVQUKDVWDOQDGokUROGXX%XUVD
QQNOPPPkOH\KQGokU
ROGXXKDVWDONGDQ LID\kEROPDVQD'HUVDkGHW
GHQGDKDHOYHUOEXOXQGXXFKHWOHHKU
PH]NUDQDNONDUDUODGUOPROGXXQX)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QHkUH\OHPGU
0Ok]P0RXVOH\.W
O$PkUH
GHEXOXQGXXRGD\DJUSRUDGDSDWOD\DQEUREVQ
WHVU QIOkNQGDQ PWHKDVVO WD]\N KDYD OH GGHWOH GXYDUD oDUSOPDVQGDQ PHFUK RO
PXGX0PkOH\KDPGIHNkUvVQGHKVVHWGHYFkHGvGHoQGHRUDGDQNDOGUOPG
EXHYFkDE
OkKDUHNDIDWDVQGDKkVORODQGGHWOVDQFODUGDQ]PkPHWPGU
'DYHWHGOHQEUQJO]WDEEWDUDIQGDQ0Ok]P0RXVOH\
HYHUOHQ]DKkWDQD]DUDQ
HYFkPH]NUHWHVUQIOkNOHH]OPRODQDGDOkWIDNU\\HQQJHYHPHVQGHQQHHWHW
PHNGHROXSDGDOkWPH]NUHPHFUKXQDPGIHNkUvVQOk\NYHFKOHPXKDID]DHGHPH
PHNGHYHEXVXUHWOHGDPDGokUROGXXHYFkHGvGH\WHYOvGHWPHNGHGU
0Ok]P0RXVOH\'HUVDkGHWKDVWDKkQHOHUQGHPNHUUHUHQWDKWWHGDY\HDOQPYH
KDVWDOEUWQD\PDKVXVOHWHGNNYHPXD\HQHHGOPVHGHPH]NUKDVWDKkQHOHUGHFUD
NOQDQKWPkPkWGDQKoEUFGGvEUWHVUKXVOHJHWUHPHPGU
'HUVDkGHW
GHFUDHGOHQPGkYkWPVOOHOKkOHWKk]Kv%XUVD
GDFUDNOQPDNGDRODQ
PGkYkWGDEX]kEWQDKYkOQFHEUVDOkKKXVOHJHWUHPHPROXSGokUROGXXKDVWDOQ

357

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

VWO]kPH\OHGWHGDYPGGHWNDOvOH]DUIQGDFUDROXQPDGWDNGUGHEXQXQJD\UNkEO
WHGDYEUHNONWVkEHWPHNWHKONHVQGHEXOXQGXXPPkOH\KWDUDIQGDQEXNHUH6HIkUHW
H
UVkOHGOHQPHNWXEGDQDQODOPDNGDGU
$KYkOPH]NUH\HQD]DUDQ6HIkUHW0Ok]P0RXVOH\
QKDVWDOQQ|QQHJHoOPHN
]kOROPD]GDQPXNDGGHPEXKDVWDONoQ/RQGUD
GDWHVVHGOPRODQKXVXVvPHVVHVHOHUGH
FDEHGHQWHGDYQQFUDHGOHEOPHVoQPPkOH\KQGDKQJOWHUH
\HDGHHGOHFHN]kEWkQ
P\kQQDGKDOHGOPHV]PQQGDPHPXUvQDVNHU\\HQH]GQGHYHVkWFHPOHGHEXOXQXO
PDV]PQQGD\HQGHQ1H]kUHW&HOvOH+DUF\H
QQKVV\kWKD\UKkKkQHVQHPUDFDDW
H\OHU

+56<6B

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
8PXPvQXPDUD
+XVXVvQXPDUD
7DUK+D]UDQVHQH>@>@
+XOkVD(VUQJO]]kEWkQQGDQ0RXVOH\
Q
DGHV

+DUE\H1H]kUHW
QH

hVHUk 0XDPHOkW XEHV


QQ  QXPDUDVQ PXKWHYv  .kQQ 6kQv VHQH >@
WDUKOWH]NUHkVDIkQHOHUFHYDEGU
*|]OHUQGHQUDKDWV]OQDPHEQvEHUk\WHGDY'HUVDkGHW
HFHOEHGOHQQJO]VHUk
\KDUE\HGHQ0Ok]P0RXVOH\KDNNQGD+D\GDUSDD+DVWDKkQHVHPUk]DVDE\\HPWH
KDVVVWDUDIQGDQYHUOHQUDSRU]HUQHNDUvEHQ%XUVDhVHUk*DUQ]RQX
QD]kPNOQDFD
)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QHWHEOHGOPG
'HUVDkGHW
GHFUDHGOHQPGkYkWPVOO%XUVD
GD\DSODQPGkYkWGDKPPkOH\KQ
DKYkOQFHVDOkKKXVOHJHWUHPHPROXSKDVWDODQQVWO]kPHWGWHGDYPGGHWNDOvOH
]DUIQGDFUDROXQPDGVXUHWGHJD\UNkEO LIDEUHNONWVkEHWPHNWHKONHVQGHEX
OXQGXX PPkOH\K WDUDIQGDQ J|QGHUOHQ PHNWXEGDQ DQODOG YH KDVWDOQ |QQH JHo
PHNPNkQ]kOROPD]GDQPXNDGGHPEXKDVWDONoQ/RQGUD
GDWHVVHGOPRODQKXVXVv
PHVVHVHOHUGHWHGDYHGOHEOPHVoQPPkOH\KQGDKQJOWHUH
\HDGHHGOHFHN]kEWkQ

358

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

P\kQQDGKDOHGOPHVOWPDVQYHED]IDGkWPXWD]DPPQ6HIkUHWPkUXQOH\Kk\D
EXNHUHFHYDEHQDOQDQWDNUvUQWHUFPHVOHIIHQWHV\vUHGOG0QGHUFkWQDQD]DUDQID\
NW]kVPHQWUH\GHYOHWOHUGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

***
%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
.DOHPQXPDUDV
7DUK(\OOVHQH>@
+XOkVDQJOWHUH
\HDGHVOWPDVROXQDQQJO]
VHUkGDQ0Ok]P0RXVOH\

+DUE\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
hVHUk 0XDPHOkW XEHV
QQ  QXPDUDVQ PXKWHYv $XVWRV VHQH >@ WDUKO
WH]NUHGHYOHWOHUFHYDEGU
QJOWHUH
\HDGHHGOHFHN]kEWkQP\kQQDGKDO)OHPHQN6HIkUHW
QGHQOWPDVROXQ
PDNGDRODQQJO]VHUk\KDUE\\HVQGHQ0Ok]P0RXVOH\ KDNNQGDVHIkUHWHWHEOJkW
Ok]PHFHYDE\\HGHEXOXQXOPDN]HUH%HUQWOkIQkPHVPFHEQFHWHHNNOHGHFHNVH\\DU
NRPV\RQWDUDIQGDQFUDROXQDFDEOGUOHQPXD\HQHQHWFHVQGHQYDNW]DPDQ\ODPD
OXPkWWkEX\XUXOPDVPHUKQKPHPDO\\HkVDIkQHOHUGU(PUXIHUPkQ

+56<6B

359

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

123

+5079

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

260$1/,'(9/(7
117/$)'(9/(7/(51(681082/'88%$5,
7(./)1((651*/=*(1(5$/72:16+(1'
1'(.$7,/0$6,

2VPDQO'HYOHWL
QLQWLODI'HYOHWOHULLOH\UWWEDUJUPHOHULQH2VPDQO
HK]DGHOHULQGHQELULLOH2VPDQO'HYOHWL
QLQHOLQGHHVLURODUDNEXOXQDQQJLOL]*H
QHUDOL7RZQVKHQG
LQGHNDWOGKDNNQGD

(NLP

'HYOHW2VPDQ\H
3RVWDYH7HOJUDIYH
7HOHIRQ1H]kUHW
0DKUHFVWDQEXO
1XPDUD

0DWEkW0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
QH
]PU
GH&RVPRVJD]HWHV
WOkI7UN\HDUDVQGDP]kNHUkWPVDGFHUH\kQGDGU%WQQNkWGDWOkIROPXGXU
<DOQ]EUQRNWDKkOkP]kNHUHGHGU%XQGDGDDQODOPDV\DNQGDPHPOGU%UNDoJQ
VRQUDPWkUHNHDNGHPUYkNGU0]kNHUkWDHK]kGHOHUP]GHQEUHVU*HQHUDO7RZQV
KHQGWUkNHG\RUHKUP]GHN$YXVWXU\DOODU\DUQ$OPDQODU&XPDUWHVPHPOHNHWOHUQH
JG\RUODU0HKkIOP]3D]DU
DNDGDUPWkUHNHDNGQEHNO\RUODU6DGUD]DP.D\VHU%XUVD
PHWURSROGOHUQ NDEOQGH PH]\HWOHUQ YDWDQSHUYHUONOHUQ EHHQG 5XPODUD PXKDE
EHWPDKVXVDEHVOHGQRQODUDPPNQ>PHUWHEH@PXkYHQHW>YH@KPD\HGHEXOXQDFDQ
V|\OHPGU0DNUN|\PHWURSROGSDWUHVWIkVQYHUPHVQWDYV\H%H\ROXSVNRSRVX
6UR]PHWURSROGOQHQWKkEHGOPGU
)v7HUvQHYYHO>@
$KPHG

+5079

361

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

124

'+(80EB

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

186$<%1
'(1+$/(3
(1$./('/(1+17
6$9$(65/(5

1XVD\ELQ
GHQ +DOHS
H QDNOHGLOHQ VHNL] \] DOWP EH +LQW VDYD HVLULQH DGU
YHULOPHVL

(NLP

%kEOv
'DUH6DGkUHW
.DOHP0DKVXV
8PXPv
+XVXVv
>+XOkVD@+QGVHUk\KDUE\\HVQHPXNWH]v
oDGUODUQWkVKDNNQGD

'DKO\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
1XVD\EQ
GHQ+DOHE
HQDNOHGOPRODQVHN]\]DOWPEH+QGVHUk\KDUE\\H
VQHNW]kHGHQoDGUODUQWkVPDKDOOvVSDQ\DNRQVRORVXQXQkU]HUQH+ROODQGD6HIk
UHW
QGHQOWPDVHGOPROGXXQGDQVHUvDQFDEQQFUDVQDKPPHWEX\XUXOPDVV\kNQGD
WH]NUHVHQkYHUvWHUNvPNOQGHIHQGP
0XKDUUHP>@7HUvQ(YYHO>@
6DGUD]DPYH<kYHUHNUHP
>P]D@
$KPHG]]HW

'+(80EB

***
0VWDFHOGU

'DKO\H1H]kUHW
(PQ\HW8PXPv\H0GU\HW
7DUKWHE\v]7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@

1H]kUHW&HOvOH
GHQ
+DUE\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH
1XVD\EQ
GHQ+DOHE
HQDNOHGOPRODQVHN]\]DOWPEH+QGVHUk\KDUE\\HV
QHNW]kHGHQoDGUODUQWkVPDKDOOvVSDQ\DNRQVRORVXQXQkU]HUQH+ROODQGD6HIkUH
W
QGHQOWPDVHGOGQGHFUD\FDEEkWH]NUHVkP\\H]EkUNOQPGUID\PXNWH]k
VKXVXVXQXQFDEHGHQOHUHHPUYHKDYDOHEX\XUXOPDVEkEQGD

'+(80EB

363

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

125

+56<6B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'((65$/,1$11*/=
68%$</$5,1,1.,/,d/$5,

1LVDQWDULKLQGH.W
O$PUH
GHHVLUDOQDQQJLOL]VXED\ODUWDUDIQGDQ
2VPDQO DVNHUOHULQH WHVOLP HGLOGLL LGGLD ROXQDQ NOODUQ \DSODQ DUDWUPDGD
HVLUVXED\ODUQNOODUQQDOQGQDGDLURJQNVDYDEOWHQOHULQGHELUND\GD
UDVWODQOPDGNOODUQELUNVPQQNHQGLOHULQFHLPKDHGLOGLLELUPLNWDUNOFQ
GD %DGDW
WDNL VLODK GHSRVXQD JQGHULOGLL IDNDW %DGDW
Q WDKOL\HVL VUDVQGD
VLODKGHSRODUQQ\DNOGYHLGGLDHWWLNOHULJLEL$VNHU0]H
GHKLELUQJLOL]VXED
\QDDLWNOEXOXQPDGDQODOGQGDQDUDWUPDODUDGHYDPHGLOHFHL\ROXQGD
0WUHNH.RPLV\RQX
QGDNLQJLOL]WHPVLOFLOHUHFHYDSYHULOPHVL

.DVP

%kEOv
+DUF\H1H]kUHW
8PU6\DV\H0GU\HW8PXPv\HV
+XOkVD.W
O$PkUH
GHWHVOPROXQDQQJO]
]kEWkQQQNOQoODU

+X]XUVkPvKD]UHW6DGkUHW-SHQkKv
\H
0DU]okNHUNHPvQHOHUGUN
QJOWHUH )HYNDOkGH.RPVHUO
QGHQDOQDQWDNUvUGH1VDQVHQH>@WDUKQGH
.W
O$PkUH
GHQJO]]kEWkQWDUDIQGDQPHPXUvQDVNHU\\H2VPDQ\\H\HWHVOPHG
OHQNOQoODUQDGHVKNPHWPHWEDVQQHPUQHEQkHQWDOHEHGOPYHEXEkEGDOk]P
JHOHQOHUHVHUvDQWDOPkWWkHGOHUHNNOQoODUQ)HYNDOkGH.RPVHUONPPHVVOQHQHYDNW
YHQHUHGHWHVOPROXQDFDQQkUOWPDVROXQPXG

%kEkOKXNXNPDYUOHUQQEXEkEGDYHUGNOHUPWkODDQkPHGHPHYN PH]NUXQ
WHVOP EOkND\GDUWYXNXEXOPX\DKXGR>O@ EkEGDWDUDIH\QFHEUDUWQkPHP]DODQP
IDNDW ]kEWkQQNOQoODUQPXKDID]DHGHFHNOHUQHGDURQDEUND\GGHUFHGOPHPVHN
OQoODUQDGHROXQPDPDVNW]kHGHFHE
ODNVYHVNDPH]NUHGH]kEWkQQQNOQoODUQ
PXKDID]DHGHFHNOHUVXUHWPDKVXVDGD WDVUvKHGOPVHEXND\G +NPHW6HQ\\HoQ
PHFEXU\\
UUk\H EU DUW WHNO HGHFH FKHWOH PHYN PHEKVQDQKQ KvQ WHVHO
OPQGHQJO]]kEWkQQQNOQoODUQQDOQPDVEXQDPXKDOIEUKDUHNHWROGXXQGDQ
PH]NUNOQoODUQDGHVOk]PJHOHFHEH\kQNOQPDODPkUU
ODU]KXVXVkWDGDUPD
OXPkWWkVYHHUkWWHVOPHPWHGkUEUVHQHGPHYFXGROGXXWDNGUGHVXUHWQQUVkO
KDNNQGD +DUE\H 1H]kUHW &HOvOHV
QH VHEN HGHQ kU ]HUQHYkUG RODQ WH]NUH FH
YDE\HGH$OWQF2UGX+DUE&HUvGHV
QGHWHVOPoQDUWYH\DVHQHGPHYFXG\HWQHGDU
KoEUND\GROPDGJEPH]NURUGXOHF]WkPODUHUNkQKDUEOHUQGHQHO\HYP
365

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'HUVDkGHW
GHEXOXQDQ]kEWkQQGDK.W
O$PkUH
QQ1VDQVHQH>@
GHEOkND\G
XDUWWHVOPROXQGXXQXIDGHHWPHNGHYHKDWWDKvQWHVOPGHE]]DW*HQHUDO7RZQV
KHQG
QGDKNOQFQ+DOO3DD
\DYHUGQIDNDWWDNGUROXQDQPH]\\kWDVNHU\HVQH
PHEQvNOQFDGHROXQGXXQXEXQXQODEHUDEHUGHUEOXPXPQJO]]kEWkQQQN
OQoODUPXQWD]DPDQWRSODWOPROPD\SEXQODUQNVPD]DPVDKEOHUWDUDIQGDQPKD
HGOPHNOHDQFDNSHNF]vPNGDUGDQJO]NOQFHOHJHoPROGXXQXEH\kQH\OHPHNGH
ROGXNODUEOGUOPGU7DIVODWkQIH\HQD]DUDQPHVHOHQQ0HFOV9NHOk
GDWH]HNN
U\OHEXEkEGDWWKk]EX\XUXODFDNNDUDUQPH]NU)HYNDOkGH.RPVHUOHFHYDEYHUOH
EOPHN]HUHQH]kUHWDF]v\HGHWHEOPVDDGHVkP\\HIDKvPkQHOHUQHYDEHVWHGU
(PUXIHUPkQKD]UHWYHO\\
OHPUQGU
)vDEDQVHQH>@YHIv0D\VVHQH>@
+DUF\H1k]U

+56<6B

***
(UNkQ+DUE\H8PXPv\H'DUHV
XEH 
1XPDUD
>@

0WkUHNH.RPV\RQXD]kVQGDQ(UNkQ+DUE.D\PDNDP.HPDO%H\
H
.W
O$PkUH
GHGokUHVkUHWRODQQJO]]kEWkQQDDGNOQoODUQDGHVPXVUUkQH
EUVXUHWGHWHNvGROXQGXX>@WDUKOUDSRUXQX]GDEOGUOPHVQHPHEQvEXEkEGDN
WHGNNkWYHPXKDEHUkWQHWFHVEHUYHFK]vUWHEOROXQXU
 'DUH (UNkQ+DUE\H
GHPHYFXGKDUE FHUvGHOHUWHGNNHGOGNGH.W
O$Pk
UH
GHHVU ]kEWkQNOQoODUQQDOQGQDGDUEUND\GEXOXQDPDPYHRO]DPDQPDKDOO
PH]NUGDEXOXQPXRODQED]]kEWkQP]QQJO]]kEWkQNOQoODUQQWHVHOOPHGOPH\S
NHQGOHUWDUDIQGDQPKDROXQGXXQXYHDQFDNSHNF]vQJO]NOQFHOHJHoGQEH\kQ
H\OHPHV]HUQHNH\I\HW1H]kUHW&HOvOH
GHQIv  WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHFHYDE\H
OH+DUF\H1H]kUHW&HOvOHV
QH]EkUNOQPG
.H\I\HWQ0WkUHNH.RPV\RQXQFDWDNEHGOPHV]HUQHWHNUDUWDKNNkWDEDODQ
PYH.W
O$PkUH
QQKvQVWUGkGQGDRUDGDEXOXQXSGHQD]oRN PDOXPkWGkUROPDV
Ok]PJHOHQ]HYkWGDQVWOkPNH\I\HWHGOPGU%XQODUGDQWDKUvUDQYkUGRODQFHYDEODUGD
GDKPH]NUNOQoODUKDNNQGDDGHPPDOXPkW EH\kQHGOPHNGHROXS\DOQ]ROYDNW2UGX
+DUHNkW+DUE\\HXEHVPGURODQ]kWQFHYDEQGDEUPNGDUQJO] ]kEWNOQFQQ

366

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%DGDG
GDNHVOKDGHEER\XQDJ|QGHUOGQKDWUODGYHE
OkKDUHEXQODUQQHROGXXQX
EOPH\SDQFDN%DGDG
QWDUDIP]GDQKvQWDKO\HVQGHPKPPkWYHHVOKDGHSRODUQQ
RUGXFDKUkNHWGUOPROGXXEOGUOPHNGHGU
 7DUDIQ]GDQ YHUOHQ UDSRUODUGDQ EUQGH QJO] ]kEW NOQoODUQQ 'HUVDkGHW
GH
WHKU HGOP ROGXXQGDQ GD EDKV HGOPHVQH PHEQv $VNHUv 0]H 0GU\HW
QGHQ GDK
PDOXPkW WDOHE HGOPVH GH 0]H
\H QJO] NOQF QDP\OD KoEU H\ YHUOPHP ROGXX
PH]NU0]H0GU\HW
QGHQFHYDEHQEOGUOPGU
1H]kUHWFHQJO]]kEWkQNOQoODUQQEXOGXUXOPDVQGDKHUYDVWD\DPUDFDDWODoD
OOPDNGDROGXXQXQYHEXEkEGD PDOXPkWa GHVWUHVROXQXUVDRQXQGDEOGUOHFHQQWHE
OPWHPHQQkGU
(UNkQ+DUE\H8PXPv\H5HV
)HUN
)XDG

+56<6B

.W
O$PkUH
GHHVLUDOQS
GHVHUEHVWEUDNODQ+LQWOLDVNHUOHU
PHPOHNHWOHULQHJLWPHNLoLQJHPL\HELQHUNHQ

367

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

126

%&$

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

'g570h6/h0$1(651260$1/,
7$%<(71(.$%8/h

(VNLHKLUVHU*DUQL]RQX
QGDEXOXQDQGUW0VOPDQHVLULQ2VPDQOWELL\H
WLQHNDEXOHGLOPHVL

2FDN

'DKO\H1H]DUHW$kUYH
0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
)v.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@

+XOkVDhVHUk\VODP\H
GHQG|UWQHIHUQ
WHVFOQHGDU

'DKO\H1D]U9HNO&HPDO3DDKD]UHWOHUQDPQD0GUXPXP+DPG%H\HIHQGWDUDIQGDQ(VNHKU0XWDVDUUI=HND%H\HIHQG
\HWDKUUkW

(VNHKU hVHUk *DUQ]RQX


QGD EXOXQXS PHPkON 2VPDQ\\H
GH WDYDWWXQ DU]XVXQX
]KkUH\OHPHOHUQHEQkHQE
OVWv]kQWkE\HW2VPDQ\\H
\HND\GYHNDEXOQHUkGHVH
Q\\HFHQkE3DGDKvHUHIPWHDOONHGHQPHUEWSXVXODGDHVDPVPXKDUUHUG|UWQHIHU
HVUQ DOQDQ DU]XKkO YH WDDKKG VHQHG OHIIHQ UVkO NOQP ROPDNOD HKkV PHEKVHQQ
PDKkOOVNkQODUQGDE
WWHVFO\HGOHUQHWH]NUH2VPDQ\\H
OHUQQWkV\ODHYUDNPUVH
OHQQDGHVEDEQGD

%&$

369

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

127

%&$B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

+17(65(<+$%'8/*$))$5%1(<+
6$'8//$+
,1260$1/,7$%<(71(.$%8/h

(VNLHKLUVHU*DUQL]RQX
QGDEXOXQDQ+LQWOLPVOLPKDUEHVLULH\K$EGXOJDI
IDUELQH\K6DGXOODK
Q2VPDQOWDELL\HWLQHNDEXO

2FDN

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD
*DODWD0HUNH]5KWP+DQ
>@

0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
QH
(VNHKUhVHUk*DUQ]RQX
QGDEXOXQDQ+QGOPVOPVHUk\KDUE\HGHQH\K$E
GXOJDIIDU>EQ@H\K6DGXOODK
QWHUNWkE\HWOHPHPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHWDYDWWXQDU]XVXQGD
EXOXQGXXQDGDUYHUOSPHOIIHQPWHNDGGPVWGkYHWDDKKGVHQHGQHQD]DUDQFDEQQ
IkYHQEkVQDPVDDGHEX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXU
0HQ]O0IHWW8PXPV9HNO
(UNkQ+DUE\H5HV
.D\PDNDP
>P]D@

(VNHKUhVHUk*DUQ]RQX
QGDEXOXQDQ+QGOPVOPVHUk\KDUE\HGHQH\K$E
GXOJDIIDUEQH\K6DGXOODKQDPNPVHQQWHUNWkE\HWH\OHGQHGDUWkHWPROGXX
DU]XKkOYHWDDKKGVHQHGPHUEWDQUVkONOQPROPDNODPHUNPXQ0DUWVHQH>@
WDUKOWDKUUkWXPXP\HDKNkPQDWHYIvNDQPXDPHOHWHOVvN\HVIkYHNPDOROXQPDN]H
UHNW]kHGHQUkGHVHQ\\HFHQkE3DGDKvVWKVkOYHWHEOQHGHOkOHWROXQPDVUFDV\OD
+DUF\H1H]DUHW&HOvOHV7kE\HW.DOHP0GU\HW$O\\HV
QHWHYGvNOQG

371

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

)v7HUvQ(YYHOVHQH>@
7kE\HW1XPDUDV
9HNO
>P]D@
0KU
'DKO\H1H]DUHW$kUYH0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW
8PXP\HV

%&$B

***
'HYkU0WHIHUUNDV
450
0HEKVQDQKVHUk\VODP\HGHQ+QGOH\K$EGXOJDIIDUEQH\K6DGXOODK
QWHO
VvNYHWHVFOKXVXVXQD5HEvOHYYHOVHQH>@YH.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKQGH
UkGHVHQ\\HHUHIVXGUEX\XUXOGXX.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKYHUDNDPO
WH]NUHVkP\HOHHPUYHWHEOEX\XUXOPXROGXXQGDQROYHFKOHPXNWH]kVQQIkHGO
PHNYHNPDOPXDPHOHVQGHQVRQUDGRV\DVQGDOHFO
OKI]\QHDGHEX\XUXOPDN]HUHEX
WH]NUHPDDPHUEWkW$kUYH0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
QHWHYGvNOQG
)v.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@
7kE\HW0GU
5HIN

%&$B
***
'DKO\H1H]DUHW$kUYH0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
7DUK)v.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@

'DKO\H1D]U9HNO&HPDO3DDKD]UHWOHUQDPQD0GUXPXP+DPG%H\HIHQGWDUDIQGDQ(VNHKU0XWDVDUUI=HND%H\HIHQG
\HWDKUUkW
+XOkVD
hVHUk\VODP\H
GHQ+QGOH\K$EGXOJDIIDU
QWHVFOQHGDU

372

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(VNHKUhVHUk*DUQ]RQX
QGDEXOXQXSPHPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHWDYDWWXQDU]XVXQGD
EXOXQPDVQDEQkHQE
OVWv]kQWkE\HW2VPDQ\\H
\HND\GYHNDEXOQHUkGHVHQ\\H
FHQkE 3DGDKv HUHIPWHDOON HGHQ VHUk\ VODP\H
GHQ +QGO H\K$EGXOJDIIDU EQ
H\K6DGXOODK
QWkH\OHPROGXXDU]XKkOYHWDDKKGVHQHGOHIIHQUVkONOQPDNODPD
KDOOVNkQQGDE
WWHVFO\HGQHWH]NUH2VPDQ\\H
VQQWkV\ODHYUDNPUVHOHQQDGHV

EkEQGD.
%&$B

373

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

128

%&$B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

(656$)<8//$+2/8=<$(''1
1260$1/,
7$%<(71(.$%8/h

%XUVDVHU*DUQL]RQX
QGDEXOXQDQPVOPDQHVLUOHUGHQ6DIL\XOODKROX=L\D
HGGLQ
LQ2VPDQOWDELL\HWLQHNDEXOQHGDLU

2FDN

2VPDQO2UGX\+Pk\QX
%DNXPDQGDQO9HNkOHW
XEH
1XPDUD

0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
QH
$WIHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
%XUVD *DUQ]RQX
QGD EXOXQDQ VHUk\ VODP\H
GHQ 6DI\XOODK ROX =\DHGGQ
Q
WHUNWkE\HWOHPHPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHWDYDWWXQDU]XVXQGDEXOXQGXXQDGDUYHUGVWGk
YHWDDKKGVHQHGOHIIHQWDNGPNOQPGUFDEQQEUDQHYYHOIkYHQEkVQDPVDDGH
EX\XUXOPDVUFDROXQXUROEkEGDHPUXUkGHKD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU.
)v$XVWRVVHQH>@
0HQ]O0IHWW8PXPVHPU\OH
(UNkQ+DUE\H5HV
.D\PDNDP
>P]D@

%&$B

375

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***

'HYkU0WHIHUUNDV
302
 $kUYH0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
 7DUK>$XVWRV@YUGX
 VNDQXEHV(YUDN1XPDUDV

 %XUVD *DUQ]RQX
QGD EXOXQDQ VHUk\ VODP\HGHQ 6DI\XOODK ROX =\DHGGQ
Q
WHUNWkE\HWH\OHGQHGDUWkHWPROGXXDU]XKkOYHWDDKKGVHQHGPHUEWkQUVkON
OQPROPDNODPHUNPXQ0DUWVHQH>@WDUKOWDKUUkWXPXP\HDKNkPQDWHYIvNDQ
PXDPHOHWHOVvN\HOHUIDYHNPDOROXQPDN]HUHNW]kHGHQUkGHVHQ\\HFHQkE3D
GDKvQQVWKVkOYHWHEOUFDV\OD+DUF\H1H]DUHW&HOvOHV7kE\HW.DOHP0GU\HW
$O\\HV
QHWDNGPNOQG
)v$XVWRVVHQH>@
>0KU@
>P]D@

*
7kE\HW0GU\HW
QHIv>@
7kE\HW1XPDUDV
VNDQXEHV(YUDN1XPDUDV

0HWQWH]NUHGHPHEKVQDQKVHUk\VODP\H
GHQ6DI\XOODKROX=\DHGGQ
QWHO
VvNYHWHVFOKXVXVXQD5HEvOHYYHOVHQH>@YH.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@WDUKQGH
UkGHVHQ\\HKD]UHW3DGDKvHUHIVXGXUHWG.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKYH
UDNDPOWH]NUHVkP\HOHHPUYHWHEOEX\XUXOPXROPDNODROYHFKOHPXNWH]kVIk
HGOPHNYHNPDOPXDPHOHVQGHQVRQUDDOH
OXVXOGRV\DVQGDOHFO
OKI]\QHDGHEX\XUXO
PDN]HUHEXWH]NUHPHUEWkW\ODEUONGH$kUYH0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
QH
WHYGvNOQG
)v.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@
7kE\HW0GU
5HIN

%&$B

376

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
'DKO\H1H]DUHW$kUYH
0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
7DUK)v.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@

'DKO\H1D]U9HNO&HPDO3DDKD]UHWOHUQDPQD0GUXPXP+DPG%H\HIHQGWDUDIQGDQ+GDYHQGJkU9DOVVPDO+DNN%H\HIHQG
\HWDKUUkW
+XOkVD
hVHUk\VODP\H
GHQ6DI\XOODKROX
=\DHGGQ
QWHVFOQH>GDU@

 %XUVDhVHUk*DUQ]RQX
QGDEXOXQXS0HPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHWDYDWWXQDU]XVXQX]
KkUH\OHPHVQHEQkHQE
OVWv]kQWkE\HW2VPDQ\\H
\HND\GYHNDEXOQHUkGHVHQ\\H
FHQkE3DGDKvHUHIPWHDOONHGHQVHUk\VODP\H
GHQ6DI\XOODKROX=\DHGGQ
QWk
H\OHPROGXXDU]XKkOYHWDDKKGVHQHGOHIIHQUVkONOQPDNODPDKDOOVNkQQGDE
WWHVFO
\HGQHWH]NUH2VPDQ\\H
VQQWkV\ODHYUDNPUVHOHQQDGHVEkEQGD.

%&$B

***

377

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

129

%&$B

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%856$
'$+1'/(5'(5*+,
1'$06$)52/$5$.
%8/81$11*/=(65$%'855$+0$12/8
$%'8/.(50
11h)86/(0/(5

%XUVD
GD+LQGLOHU'HUJK
QGDPLVDILURODUDNEXOXQDQQJLOL]HVLUL$EGXUUDKPDQ
ROX$EGXONHULP
LQQIXVDND\GQQNDUDUQDPHJHUHLRODUDNQJLOWHUHLOH\DSOD
FDNVXOKDQWODPDVQQNHVLQOHPHVLQGHQVRQUD\DEUDNOPDV

0DUW

1XPDUD
.D\G
'HUNHQDU

7kE\HW 2VPDQ\\H
\H ND\G YH NDEXOQ WDOHE HGHQ %XUVD
GD +QGvOHU 'HUJkK
Q
GDPVDIUHWHQPXNP+QGVWDQ
Q0DGUDV.DVDEDV
QQdO3D]DU0DKDOOHVDKDOVQGHQYH
QJO] VHUDVQGDQ$EGXUUDKPDQ ROX$EGXONHUP WDUDIQGDQ PXWk  .kQQ 6kQv VHQH
>@WDUKOVWGkQDPH'DKO\H1H]DUHW&HOvOHV
QQROEkEGDPEHOOWDKUUkWXPX
P\HVPXFHEQFH.kQQ6kQvVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWDKUUkWDO\
\HYOk\HWSHQkKvOHUQHOHIIHQQH]DUHWPkUXQOH\Kk\DWHV\kUNOQPG&HYDEHQH
UHIYkUGRODQWDKUUkWDO\\HGH.kQQ(YYHOVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWDKUUkW
XPXP\H\HWHYIvNDQPPkOH\KGHQWDDKKGQDPHDOQDUDNPXDPHOHVQQNPkOOH1IXVYH
0XKDFUvQ GDUHOHUQFH ND\G FUD ROXQGXNGDQ VRQUD WDDKKWQDPHV\OH HYUDN PWHIHUUD
VQQ7kE\HW.DOHP
QHEHUk\WHYGvUVkOHPUXkUROXQPDNGDVHGH$XVWRVVHQH
>@WDUKYHQXPDUDO'DKO\H1H]DUHW&HOvOHV
QGHQPHYUGWDKUUkWDO\\H
GHNHQGOHU\OHKHQ]DNGPXVkODKDHGOPHPRODQGHYOHWOHUHPHQVXEVHUk\KDUE\HQQ
PXDPHOHWHOVvN\HOHUQQDNGVXOK]DPDQQDWDOvNHPUXkUROXQGXXJEEXWDU]GD
PXDPHOHIDVQPH\\HGRODUDNPWHkNEHQWHEOEX\XUXODQWDKUUkWXPXP\HOHUPQGH
UFkWQDQD]DUDQGDVHUkQQDNGVXOKGDQHYYHOPXDPHOHWHOVvN\HOHUQQIDHGOPHPHV
YH DQFDN DVNHU IUDUV ROGXNODU DQODODQODUQ POWHF VIDW\OD PXDPHOH WHVFO\HOHUQQ
IDVOk]PJHOHFHHPUXWDVUvKHGOPHNGHROPDVQDQD]DUDQHVUPPkOH\KQHPUXkU
YkNGDUHVQGHWHVFOOk]PJHOSJHOPH\HFHKXVXVXQXQWHNUDUQH]DUHWPkUXQOH\KkGDQ
VWv]kQEX\XUXOPDVPWHYDNNIUH\VkPvYOk\HWSHQkKvOHUGUROEkEGDHPUXIHUPkQ
KD]UHWPHQOHK
OHPUQGU
)v0DUWVHQH>@
0KU
P]D

%&$B
379

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5


+GDYHQGJkU9Ok\HW
0HNWXEv.DOHP
8PXP
+XVXVv

'DKO\H1H]DUHW&HOvOHV
QH
'HYOHWOHIHQGPKD]UHWOHU
$kUYH0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
QGHQPXKDUUHUHQYkUGRODQ.kQQ
6kQvVHQHWDUKYHQXPDUDOWDKUUkWDO\\HQH]DUHWSHQkKvOHUFHYDEGU
7kE\HW2VPDQ\\H
\HND\GYHNDEXOQWDOHEHGHQ%XUVD
GD+QGvOHU'HUJkK
QGD
PVDIUHWHQPXNP+QGVWDQ
Q0DGUDV.DVDEDV
QQdO3D]DU0DKDOOHVDKDOVQGHQYHQ
JO]VHUDVQGDQ$EGXUUDKPDQROX$EGXONHUP
QNH\I\HWWHVFOKDNNQGD8PU+X
NXN\H0GU\HW
QGHQPXKDUUHUGHUNHQDUQVXUHWOHIIHQWDNGPNOQPDNODPQGHUFDWQD
QD]DUDQNW]DVQQWD\QYHkUQDPVDDGHEX\XUXOPDVEkEQGDHPUXIHUPkQKD]UHWPHQ
OHK
OHPUQGU
)v&HPk]\HOkKUVHQHYHIv0DUWVHQH
+GDYHQGJDU9DOV
P]D
(EXEHNU+D]P

B
***
'DKO\H1H]DUHW$kUYH0XKDFUvQ0GU\HW8PXP\HV
)v0DUWVHQH>@

'DKO\HQD]UQDPQD0GU8PXP+DPG%H\HIHQGKD]UHWOHUQGHQ
+GDYHQGJkU9Ok\HW
QHWDKUUkW

+XOkVD+QGO$EGXUUDKPDQROX
$EGXONHUP
QWHVFOQHGDU

0DUWVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDWDKUUkWDO\\HOHUFHYDEGU
7kE\HW2VPDQ\\H
\HND\GYHNDEXOQVWGkHGHQOHUQHVQD\PXKDUHEHGHDVk
NU2VPDQ\\HWDUDIQGDQHVkUHWVXUHW\OHHOGHHGOPH\S2UGX\+Pk\Q
DIUDUHQOWFD
YHPHPkON2VPDQ\\H
GHWDYDWWXQDU]XVXQX]KkUHGHQNHVkQGDQROGXNODUWHEH\\QH\OH
GWDNGUGHEXJEOHUQOWFDHQJHOHQGHUPXKDFUvQPVOPHJEROEkEGDNQ]DPQD
PHYHHYkPUPEHOODDKNkPQDWHYINkQPGGHQWHVFOOHUFUDHGOHPHVHGHIUDUVXUHW\
le GHKkOHW HWPH\SGHRUGX\2VPDQv
FHHVUHGOPRODQODUQNDEXOWkE\HWOHUQQVXOK
NDWvPXDKHGHQDPHVQQ\HYPWHDWVQHWDOvN0HFOV+DVV9NHOkNDUDUNW]kVQGDQ
ROPDNODPHY]EDKV+QGO$EGXUUDKPDQROX$EGXONHUPKDNNQGDGDROEkEGDPXDPHOH
ROXQPDVEDEQGD

%&$B

380

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

?
381

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

130

%&$

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

8&(<03$$
<$85)$9/$<(7'$+/1'(
$5$=7$+66

,UDNNUDO)D\VDOWDUDIQGDQ,UDN
WDRWXUPDNDUW\ODWHNOLIHGLOHQPDOODUYHD\DQ
D]DOQUHGGHGLS,UDN
WDELURNPDOWHUNHGHUHN7UNWDELL\HWLQHJHHQ8FH\PL
3DD
QQ,'Q\D+DUEL,UDN&HSKHVLJQOHULQGHJVWHUGLLE\N\DUDUOONODUGDQ
GROD\8UID9LOD\HWLGDKLOLQGHDUD]LYHULOPHVL

0D\V$UDON

7UN\H&XPKXU\HW
%DYHNDOHW
.DOHP0DKVXV0GU\HW
$GHG


.DUDUQDPH
)(\OOVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDONDUDUQDPH\H]H\OGU
,UDN H\K
O0Hk\K 8FH\P 3DD
QQ PD\HW OH EHUDEHU 8UID 9OD\HW GDKOQ
GHH\KoREDQhoYUDQ6DUH\KYHPH]UDDV2VPDQEH\.UNYUDQ.DUDKDUDEH0HVFG
(WUDI HKU *HUP YH .DUDN|SU NDU\HOHUQGH VNDQ oQ WDKVV HGOP RODQ \UP EH
EQ G|QP DUD]GHQ PD\HWQH DG NVPQ OWKDN HGHPHPHOHU KDVHE\OH WHIUvN OH NDUDU
PH]NUHGHQG|QPGHQEDUHWROGXXDQODODQ*HUPNDU\HVQQPPkOH\KXKGHVQH
WHPON'DKO\H9HNDOHW
QQIv1VDQVHQH>@WDUKYHQXPDUDOWH]NUHVOH
YXNXEXODQWHNOI]HUQHFUD9HNOOHU+H\HW
QQIv0D\VVHQH>@WDUKOFWPk
QGD
WDVYEYHNDEXOROXQPXGXU
)v0D\VVHQH
5HV&XPKXU
>*D]0XVWDID.HPDO@
>FUD9HNOOHU+H\HW
QQP]DODU@

%&$

383

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

7&
%$9(./(7
08$0(/70h'h5/hh
6D\
.DUDUQDPH
0D\VWDUKYHVD\ONDUDUQDPH\H]H\OGU
*HUP.DU\HV
QQ,UDNH\K
O0Hk\K8FH\Pv3DD
\DWHPONVUDVQGDEXN|\
KXGXWODUQQ\DNQQGDNN|\OHUDUD]VQHWHFDY]HGOPHNVXUHW\OHWD\QYHRVXUHWOHWHVFO
HGOGYHYHUOHQWDSXVHQHGQGH\D]OGKXGXWODUGDKOQGHG|QPDUD]OHSDUoD
EQDEUGHUPHQYHSDUoDGDDUVDEXOXQGXXYHEXQGDQEDNDEXKXGXWODUoQGHNDODQ
POOvHPODNYHDUD]\H0kUXQOH\KWDUDIQGDQPGDKDOHHGOGJEDUWUPDOHVWHNOOHUQH
VDWODQNUNEUSDUoDVQQGDEX\]GHQVDKSOHUQHWHVOPHGOHPHGFKHWOHFUD9HNOOHU
+H\HW
QQNDUDUQDPXKDOIRODUDNYHUOHQWDSXVHQHGQQG]HOWOPHV8UID'HIWHUGDUO
QFD
VWHQOPHNWH ROGXX 0DO\H 9HNOO
QQ >@ WDUK YH  VD\O  WH]NHUHVQGH
EOGUOP YH FUD 9HNOOHU +H\HW
QFH WHPONQ WDVYS WDUK NDQXQX PHGHQQQ QHUQGHQ
HYYHO ROPDVQD YH R ]DPDQ FDU DKNkPD J|UH DUD]GH G|QP GHO KXGXGD WEDU HGOPHV
FDSHWPHVQHYHPH]NUNDUDUGDKXGXW]NUHGOPHPHNOHEHUDEHU*HUPNDU\HVQQWHPON
NDUDUJUROPXYHNDU\HGHQOQFHRQXQKXGXWODUQQKWYDH\OHGDUD]YHDUD]]HUQGH
NDQHPYDOJD\UPHQNOHQQNDVGHGOPRODFDQDEQDHQRN|\KXGXWODUoQGHNKk]QH\H
DWDUD]EDKoHEDYHEQDODUQGDWHPONHGOHQNVPoQGHNDODEOHFHGQOPHNWHYH
EXN|\KXGXWODUoQGHNHKDVPHQNOHYHPWHJD\\EH\HDWHPOkNYHDUD]QQVD\V\OD
WHVEWROXQDUDNPXKWHY\DWQQ9OD\HWoHGHWDVGNHGOGNWHQVRQUDNWDDWWEDU\OD8FH\Pv
3DD
\D WHPON FDS HGHFHQQ PDKDOOQH EOGUOG 7DSX 8PXP 0GUO
QQ WHWNN
HGOHQGRV\DVQGDQDQODOPDNWDROPDVQDYH\XNDUGD\D]ONDUDUQDPHYH\DWDSXVHQHGQQ
G]HOWOPHVEWUOPHGNoHEXoQPDKNHPH\HJWPHNWHEUID\GDEXOXQPDPDVQDJ|UH
KDOHQ7UNWDE\HWQGHROXS,UDN
WDEUoRNPDOWHUNHWPYH.UDO)D\VDOWDUDIQGDQ,UDN
WD
RWXUPDN DUW\OD WHNOI HGOHQ PDOODUQGDQ QWID H\OHPH YH $\DQ D]DOQ UHGGH\OHP
ROPDV KDVHE\OH WDOHEQQ NDEXO PXYDIN RODFD %\N (UNDQ +DUE\H
FH EOGUOHQ
0kUXQOH\KQDUD]VKDNNQGDEUNDUDUYHUOPHVVWHQOPWU
%XFUD9HNOOHU+H\HW
QQ>@WRSODQWVQGDJ|UOHUHNHKDVPVOPH
YHHYNDIDDWRODQODUKDUoROPDN]HUHWHPONPXDPHOHVQQDGJHoHQN|\oQGHNDUD]YH
HPOkNHGHDPOROGXXNDUDUODWUOPWU
>@
5HV&XPKXU
>*D]0XVWDID.HPDO@
>FUDYHNOOHU+H\HW
QQP]DODU@
%&$B

384

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

Irak Cephesi ve Kt'l-Amre Zaferi'nde


byk yararllklar grlen
Irak eyh'l-Meyihi Uceymi Paa

7UN\H
GHNDPHWHWW
HWW
3DD
JQOHUGH8FH\P3DD

385

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

131

%&$

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

.7h
/$05(
'(.7h5.(+7/

.W
O$PUH
GHNL7UNHKLWOLL
QLQEDNPRQDUPYH\HQLGHQG]HQOHPHVLLOHDUD
]L\L7UNGHYOHWLQHYHULOPHN]HUHKLEHHGHQ5HELD(PLUL$OL(O(PLU
LQELUWDNGLU
QDPHYH.]OD\PDGDO\DVLOHWDOWLILQHGDLU

$UDON

%DGDW(OoO
QGHQDOQDQWDUKOYH/QXPDUDOWDKUUDWVXUHW
.W
O$PkUH
GHN7UNHKWOQQ7UN\HGHYOHWQDPQDWHPONYHIHUDPXDPHOH
VNPDOHGOPYHNH\I\HW,UDN+DUF\H1H]kUHW
QQEUWDNUUOH(OoOP]HEOGUOP
YHEXKXVXVWDN0HFOV9]HUDNDUDU\ODUDGHNUDOVXUHWOHUJ|QGHUOPWU
0H]NXUNDUDUYHUDGHVXUHWOHUQQWHUFPHOHUEDORODUDNWDNGPNOQPWU
%XHKWONDUD]VPXUDEEDPHWURPHVDKDVQGDROXS.W
O$PkUHH\KOHUQGHQ
YHHUDIQGDQ5HED(PU$O(O(PUWDUDIQGDQ7UN\H
\HKEHHGOPWU
,UDNNDQXQODUEUIHUGQHFQHEEUGHYOHWHGRUXGDQGRUX\DDUD]WHUNHWPHVQHPVD
WROPDGFKHWOHIHUDPXDPHOHVQNDQXQDX\GXUPDN]HUHDUD]VDKE$O(PUHKWON
DUD]VQ,UDNKNPHWQHKEHHWPYH,UDN+NPHWGHNHQGDUD]VPJERDUD]\
E]HWHPONH\OHPWU
$UD]QQDVOVDKE5HED(PU$O(O(PU
Q7UN\H
\HYH7UNOHUHNDUJ|VWHUP
ROGXX EX VDPPv PXKDEEHW YH PHUEW\HW WHHNNU YH WDNGUH SHN ]\DGH OD\N ROGXX
FKHWOHNHQGVQHKNPHWP]QDPQDEUWDNGUQDPHJ|QGHUOPHVYHNHQGVQHPQDVS
GHUHFHGHEU+OkO$KPHUPDGDO\DVOHWDOWIPXYDINRODFDINUQGH\P
8PXP KDUSWH .W
O$PkUH PXKDVDUDV YH PXYDIIDN\HW POOv YH DVNHU PHIDKU
P]GHQ ROGXX FKHWOH GDKD R ]DPDQ RUGXPX] WDUDIQGDQ EX HKWON DUD]V GDKOQGH EU
DEGHQDHGOPG
%XDEGHEXJQHKHPP\HWOWDPUHPXKWDoWU
HKLWOLNEXJQDUWNEL]HWHPOLNHGLOPLROPDNLWLEDUL\OHDQQPXKDID]DVYHLPDUEL]LP
LoLQPLOOvDVNHULELUHUHIERUFXROPXWXU%DKXVXVDQQNDUVQGDPDPXUYHPXQWD]DPELU
QJLOL]PH]DUOEXOXQPDVEL]LVHYHQKDONDUDVQGDPXND\DVHLDOH\KLPL]HRODUDNWHEDU]
HWWLUPH\HVHEHEROGXXLoLQEXHKLWOLLQKHPHQLPDUQDWHHEEVHWPHNDFOEU]DUXUHWYH
EUYD]IHGU

387

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

%XHKWOQPDUYHGDUHVoQDDGDNHVDVODUQKHPHQWHPQOk]PGU
HKLWOLNHWUDIQDGXYDULQDV
0HYFXWDEGHQQWDPU
%HNoWD\Q
HKLWOLNWHYFXGDJHWLULOHFHNEDKoHQLQVXEHGHOL
'XYDUYHDEGHQQPDVUDIQNHIoQ.W
O$PkUH
\H%DGDW
WDQEUPKHQGVJ|QGH
UOPHVOk]PJHOPHNWHROGXXoQEXPDVUDIQDFOHQWDKDNNXNHWWUOPHVOD]PGU
%XKXVXVODUQ0OOv0GDIDD9HNDOHW&HOOHVQHEOGUOPHVQVWUKDPHGHUP(IHQ
GP
%DGDW(OoV

B

***
%DYHNDOHW.DUDUODU0GUO


+DUF\H9HNOO
QH
YHWDUKYHVD\OWH]NHUHOHUFHYDEGU
.W
O$PkUH
GH7UNHKWODUD]VQ&XPKXU\HW+NPHWQHKHG\HHGHQ5HED
$O(O(PU
QWDOWIKDNNQGDNHYUDNRNXQGX
(YYHOHPUGHEXQXQQHVXUHWOHWDOWIGQOPHNWHROGXXQXQEOGUOPHVQGOHUP
%DYHNO1
0VWHDU

%&$B

388

. 7
/  $ 0 5(  = $ )(5

***
+DUF\H9HNDOHW
,'DUH8PXP0GUO
XEH


<NVHN%DYHNDOHWH
7DUKYHQXPDUDO\D]ODUNDUOGU
.W
O$PkUH
GHN7UNHKWODUD]VQ&XPKXU\HW+NPHWQHKHG\HHGHQ5HED
(PU$O(PU
QEUWDNGUQDPHYH.]OD\PDGDO\DVOHWDOWIQQPQDVERODFDQ%DGDW
(OoOP]QWHNOIHWWYHEXWHNOIH*HQHONXUPD\%DNDQO
QQWUDNH\OHG+D]UDQ
WDUKYHQXPDUDO\D]OHDU]HGOPW

0PkLOH\KQEXVXUHWOHWDOWIPQDVEVHHPUEX\XUXOPDVQGOHUP
+DUF\H9HNO<
>P]D@
%&$

.W
O$PkUHGHHKLWGHQOHULoLQ\DSOPRODQ,UDN.XWDEDO
6H\LW+DLP.|\QGHNLJQP]HKLWOLNDELGHVL
KWWSZZZPVEJRYWU6HKLWOLNOHU<XUW'LVL6HKLWOLNOHUL

389

'=1

'=1
Ordusu 121
Almanya 105, 139, 153
imparatoru 105, 139, 153
musiksi 273
Altnc Kolordu 215
Altnc Ordu Kumandanl 97, 105, 108,121,
127, 129
Amajuba 202, 297
Amre 55, 69, 71, 75, 115, 116, 117, 234
Aireti 39
mutasarrf 115
Amerika 116
Hariciye Nezreti 53
Hkmeti 269
Badad konsolosu , 178, 249, 250
Sefreti, 53, 116, 177, 178, 243, 250, 265,
267, 269, 277, 278, 279, 281, 282, 287,
288, 289, 290, 293, 295, 296, 297
Anadolu mttefikn kuv-y askeriyyesi 195
Ankara 141
Vilyeti 13, 141, 161
Arab/lar 94, 100, 101, 183
atllar 101
kabileleri 59, 85
svarileri 99
Arabistan sahralar 192
Arda Geidi 212
Arka-Basra- tarki 209
Arslan Yrekli Richard 237
Aar Hazine Vekili Mterahim 64
A. S. Cane, Yzba 296
Asir mutasarrfl 13
Asquith, Bavekil 218, 219
Asya 149
y Osman 210
y Sur 148
A. T. J. Mc Reery, Yzba 296
Avam Kamaras 205, 218, 233, 253
Avrupa 253
harbi 13, 149

A
Abadan 15, 16, 29, 31
Abbas Fazl Efendi, dare-i Hususye Mdr,
64
Abbas Paa, Nafi Nzr 34, 35, 81
Abdurrahman olu Abdulkerim, ngiliz esiri,
Hindli 379, 380, 381
Abdurrahman 289
Abdlkdir Paa 115
(Abdllatif) Safa Bey, Bkre Elisi 59
Acem Krfezi 83, 107, 194
Adana Vilyeti 13, 159
dil Bey 49
Aftonbladet gazetesi, sve79
Ahmed elebi, Ebul-Hasb Belediye Reisi 64
Ahmed Cemal, Bahriye Nzr 34, 35
Ahmed Nesim, Ticaret ve Ziraat Nzr 34,
35, 81
Ahmed Sn Paa 64
Ahmed kr, Marif Nzr ve Posta ve Telgraf ve Telefon Nzr Vekili 81
Ahvas 234
Ajans Ottoman 13
A. J. Wilcok 296
Akabe 29, 33, 34
ki Hani 289
Aksaray 145
Alemddin, cemdr 290
Ali-El-Emir, Rebia Emiri 383, 384, 385
Ali el-Garb 75, 84
Ali e-rib 100
Ali Fuad, Serktib-i hazret-i ehriyr 153,
156, 165
Ali Rza Bey, ehid 55
Allahnur, sobidar 289
Alman/lar 94, 121, 195, 207
asker marlar 273
Matbt 209, 229
zbitleri 192

390

'=1

Berlingske Tidende gazetesi 241


Bern Sefreti 171
Beinci Kolordu Ahz- Asker Riyseti 141,
143, 145
Beyrut 13
Bingazili Tahsin, 51'nci Frka Svari Bl
muvazzaf zbit nmzedi 247
Birmingham Daily Post gazetesi 229
Bitlis vilyeti 13
Boerler 202
Boer muharebesi 172
Boazlar 33, 34
Boazlyan 141
Bolu mutasarrfl 13
Bombay 64, 107
Bostan Han 290
Bulgar/lar 147, 148
Matbt 147, 167
Bursa 163, 265, 281, 282
Buir konsolosu 16
Byk Britanya 148, 194

Avusturya 137
Devleti 215
Harbiye Nezreti 215
mparatoru 215
paytaht 165
sefiri 165
Aydn vilyeti 13
Aylmer, General 46, 84, 85, 87, 89, 202, 237,
253
Azerbaycan 55, 210
Aziziye 217, 234, 235

B
Bb- l 19, 33, 34
Hariciye Nezreti 293
Baden Powell 172
Badad 39, 41, 50, 69, 71, 75, 83, 85, 115, 116,
123, 167, 168, 172, 177, 178. 183, 184,
187, 188, 192, 201, 202, 206, 207, 218,
233, 234, 235, 247, 249, 250, 253, 267,
277, 278, 279, 285
felketi 188
seferi 233
Vilyeti 13, 50, 81, 117
Bahreyn 23
Bahr-i Faris 19
Bahr-i Umman 211
Bahriye Komodorluu 15
livs, Fav 31
Bakara aireti 71
Bakumandanlk 161, 163
Vekleti 141, 143, 183, 281, 287, 297
Basra Krfezi 53, 149, 167, 211, 253
vilyeti 13, 15, 16, 23, 25, 27 29, 31, 41, 49,
55, 59, 61, 63, 64, 75, 81, 85, 192, 206,
209, 210
Beauchamp Duff, Hindistan Bakumandan,
Sir 254
Beden Han 290
Belediye Reisi Slih Bey 64
Bender-i Buir 27
Bereketullah, Doktor 290
Berlin 153, 155, 156
Berlin Sefreti155, 156, 274

C
Campbell, General 84
Canik mutasarrfl 13
Carl Pollak, Avusturya'da Reichenberg
ehrinde 137
Cavid Paa 49
Cebur 71
Cemhr-i Mttefika-i Amerika maslahatgzar 295
Cemal Han, sobidar 290
Cenova 194
Cenb ve vst Asya 149
Cevad 241
Ceziret'l-Arab 49
Chamberlain, Hindistan Umru Nzr, Mister 205, 206, 207, 221
Champbell, General 46
C. H. Barber, Yzba 296
C. Newcombe, Yzba 296
Colonel Petit, Mebsndan 205, 206
Couronne de Fer nin 215
Courriere Della Sera 172

391

'=1

Cyborg Nakliye Alay 100


anakkale 33, 34, 133, 148, 167, 172, 184, 202,
207, 218, 253
heyet-i seferiyyesi 168
hezimeti 149
muzafferiyeti 148
atalca mutasarrfl 13
eraeddin, sobidar 289
in Hindi 293
itral Kalesi 84
oruh Mfrezesi Kumandanl 125
orum 141

E
Edgar Valois 229
Edib, Karargh- Umum stihbrt ubesi
Mdr 257
Edirne vilyeti 13
Edmund Candler, Mister muhabir, 93, 123
Edvard Grayy, Sir 19, 116
E. F. E. Barnes, Binba 296
E. G. S. Cane, Yzba 296
Ekber Han 289
el-Ayn 193
el-Cezre 71, 167, 168, 253
el-Hanna batakl 94
Elif Han 290
Enver, Bakumandan Vekili, Harbiye Nzr,
Bahriye Nazr Vekili 34, 35, 57, 81,
116, 129, 134, 135, 175, 215, 243, 265,
267, 279, 282, 285, 295
Enver Hseyin, sobidar 289
Ermeniler 141, 143, 145
Ermenistan 184, 212
Erzurum 103
hududu 33, 34
Muhedesi, kadm 19
muhacirni 175
vilyeti 13
Eskiehir 288
garnizonu 287
Mutasarrfl 143, 159, 161
Esliha-i cedde ile mcehhez bir nehir filosu,
Dicle 69
Es-Sinn 253
E. V. Aylen, Binba 296
Eylt- arkiyye-i Osmaniyye 212

D
Dastan 50
Dastanl Mehmed Fazl Paa 50
Dahiliye Nezreti 19, 21, 39, 41, 55, 61, 63, 67,
69, 73, 75, 81, 115, 131, 151, 183, 197,
199, 239
Daily Mail gazetesi 123
Daily Telegraph gazetesi 191, 205
Dalhousie ganbotu, Abadan'da 15, 16
Dalziel, Kirkcaldy Mebsu, Sir 207
Dru'l-harekt 108
Dicle 108
Gelibolu 108
Irak 108
Delhi 107
Deriyye Hzeyl mevkii 63
Dersadet 19, 64, 215, 243, 287, 288, 289, 297
Deutsche Tages Zeitung gazetesi 229
Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmaniyye 19, 23, 33, 34,
116, 289
Dicle 45, 83, 84, 89, 90, 94, 103, 107, 108, 123,
167, 168, 188, 192, 194, 202, 206, 209,
230, 253
Divan- Harb 64, 239
Diyarbakr 212
Vilyeti 13
Doktor Seyyid Resul, mlzm 290
Donanma-y Hmyn 33, 34
Dost Mehmed Han, cemdr 289

F
Fahreddin, sobidar 290
Fatherland gazetesi 202
Fav 15, 16, 19, 31
Fav Boaz 25
Fazl Han, sobidar 290
Fazl Hseyin, mlzm- evvel 289
F. D. Woodfield, kinci Leicestershire Taburu
mlzm- snlerinden 247

392

'=1

Hamburg-Badad tarki 167


Hamidiye Kruvazr 37
Hamisiye Nahiyesi 55, 67
Hamza, Mntefik Mutasarrf 41, 67, 55
Handelsblad gazetesi 202
Hanry tfengi 101
Han Zaman, mlzm 290
Harbiye Nezreti 43, 53, 61, 73, 191, 205, 206,
207, 239, 253, 281
Hariciye Nezreti 21, 116, 153, 156, 165, 171,
177, 181, 243, 249, 265, 267, 270, 277,
278, 279, 282, 285, 288, 295
Hartum 84, 202
Haim, Maliye Nezreti Kalem-i Mahsus
Mdr namna Mmeyyiz 151
Hayri, eyhlislm ve Evkf- Hmyn
Nzr 34, 35, 81
Hayy 75
Hazal, Muhammere Hkimi 64
Heybeliada 175
H. H. King, Yzba 296
Hicaz vilyeti 13
Hill-i Ahmer Cemiyeti 267, 288
hastahneleri 116
Hilmi Paa, Viyana sefiri 165
Hind 107, 218
Denizi 167
heyet-i shhiye memurlar 295
hidivi 49
Hkmet-i Askeriyyesi 219
Hindiku Dalar 83
Hindistan 63, 108, 187, 194, 205, 206, 211
Hkmeti 233, 253
daresi 205
mparatorluu 195
Nezreti, Londra'daki 87, 205, 233
Hindli 205, 234, 289
esir zbitn 267, 287, 288
Mslman zbitn 227, 259
Hindular 94
Htta-i Irakiyye 123, 221, 237
H. O. B. Browne-Mason, Kaymakam 296
Hollandal 269, 270
Hollanda matbt 185, 201
Hubhouse, Bristol Mebsu, Mister 207

Felahiye, Irak 97, 119, 133


Feth Han 289, 290
Figaro gazetesi 194
Frat nehri 45, 53, 89, 90, 107, 209
Flandra 87
Flemenk matbt 183
Frankfurter Zeitung gazetesi 209
Fransa 94, 108
Devleti 33, 34
Fransz/lar 168
donanmas 33, 34
matbt 87, 89, 194
Franszca 183, 185, 241, 257
Ftuh Han, cemdr 290

G
Ganbot/lar, ngiliz 15, 19, 31
Gani Bey, cemdr 290
Garb cebhesi 93
Garb ran 211
Gelibolu 108, 139, 184, 188, 202, 234, 237
Gemi svarisi 15
Goltz Paa, Mir, vefat 105, 121, 209, 211
Gordon, General 202
Gorringe, General 193, 202
Gurkha Rifles, 7th. 269, 270
Gl Mehmed Han 290

H
Hacadarhan Merhamet, 89'ncu Pencab Taburu'ndan 247
Hac sa Efendi, Mebs 63, 64
Hac Mustafa, Hkim-i Hassa mstear 64
Hac Taha 64
Hkim Han 290
Hakk Paa, Berlin sefir-i kebri 153, 155, 156
Haleb 277, 278
vilyeti 13, 159
Halid Efendi, Binba 125
Halil, Adliye Nzr ve r-y Devlet Reisi
vekili 81
Halil Beyefendi, Hariciye Nzr 79, 81, 185,
215, 241, 269
Halil Paa, Altnc Kolordu Kumandan 55,
81, 125, 127, 151, 215

393

'=1

Hind ktat 46
Hkmeti 63, 133, 293
Matbt 83, 87, 93, 99, 103, 191, 205
medeniyeti 246
milleti 187, 222, 229
Ordusu 46, 169, 184, 202, 211, 217, 230
svari 101, 167, 168, 245, 246
sers 117, 159, 177, 277, 278, 279, 281,
282
ngilizler 31, 37,45, 49, 50, 63, 89, 94, 103,
133, 148, 167, 168, 169, 172, 183, 184,
194, 202, 209, 211, 222, 225, 245, 247,
253, 289
ngiltere 16, 19, 23, 45, 116, 148, 149, 167,
172, 184, 194, 201, 202, 206, 210, 211,
243, 269
Devleti 33, 34
Harbiye Nezreti 107, 219, 233, 37
Hariciye Nezreti 177, 178, 250, 295, 297
Hkmeti 21, 177, 219, 233, 243, 253, 257,
285, 297
Kral 49
Sefreti 15, 19
ran 16, 19, 46, 103, 172, 184, 194, 195, 209,
210, 211
Krdistan 210
rfan Bey, Binba 141, 143, 145
rlandal/lar 148, 184, 188
htilli 149, 187
shak Bey, Svari Kaymakam 199
skandinavya 241
matbt 241
slington, Lord 218
stanbul 39, 246
Boaz 167
stanbulistler Frkas 148
sve 79, 225
Telgraf Ajans 79
talya matbt 171, 172
zmir 167
zmit mutasarrfl 13

Hdavendigr Vilyeti 13, 163, 227


Hkmdd Han, cemdr 289, 290
Hkmet-i Osmaniyye 13, 33, 34, 79, 116,
177, 243, 269, 297
Hseyin Hilmi Paa, Viyana Sefiri 165, 181
Huveyze 63

I
Irak 49, 50, 71, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 93, 97, 99,
107, 108, 111, 112, 119, 123, 127, 133,
167, 172, 187, 194, 207, 209, 210, 211,
217, 218, 221, 225, 233, 234, 235, 245,
253, 285, 293
bakumandan 206
Heyet-i Seferiyyesi Bakumandanl 123,
206, 218
seferi 45, 123, 167, 168, 169, 192, 194, 195,
205, 206, 207, 233
ve Havalisi Kumandanl 43, 57, 81
Kuvve-i seferiyyesi 108
Isfahan 211
bn's-Suud, 50
brahim, Adliye Nzr ve r-y Devlet Reis-i Vekili 34, 35
dea National gazetesi 172
mammahmud karyesi 45
ngiliz 15, 21, 31, 33, 34, 27,45, 46, 79, 84, 85,
87, 89, 90, 93, 99, 111, 117, 123, 131,
133, 141, 143, 145, 149, 153, 161, 167,
168, 172, 177, 178, 184, 192, 193, 195,
202, 205, 211, 218, 229, 230, 233, 241,
246, 250, 265, 267, 279, 285, 295
aileleri, Abdlkdir Paa hnesinde misafir
bulunan 115, 116
askiri 46, 84, 101, 131, 172, 234, 246, 293
askeri tarihi 184
bandras 192
bakumandan, mecrh 37
donanmas 33, 34
Elilii, Bkre 59
ganbotlar, Abadan, 15, 29, 31
gaz depolar, Abadan 29
gemileri, att'l-Arab'da bulunan 21
Generali 163, 193

J
Jandarma daresi 197

394

'=1

100, 103, 108, 119, 123, 131, 133, 134,


135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 148,
149, 153, 155, 156, 159, 161, 163, 165,
167, 168, 169, 172, 175, 177, 178, 181,
183, 184, 185, 187, 191, 192, 193, 194,
195, 201, 202, 205, 209, 210, 211, 217,
218, 221, 225, 227, 229, 230, 233, 234,
235, 237, 250, 257, 259, 265, 267, 269,
270, 271, 273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 281,
285, 287, 295, 297
Muharebesi 45, 218, 229
sers 279, 287
Kt'z-zeyn(?), Osmanl karakolhanesi 15
Kuveyt 23, 63, 211

J. Brown, Mlzm 296


J. Hennessy, Kaymakam 296
John Nixon, General, Sir 85, 254

K
Kabine erkn 188
Kafkasya 29, 167, 195
Kala-y Sultaniye mutasarrfl 13
Kamara heyeti 233
Kampana gazetesi 167
Kangr 143
Karadeniz 33, 34
Boaz 33, 34
Kara Menzil Hatlar Kumandanl 197

Karargh- Umum 37, 49, 111, 119, 141, 143,


145, 187, 188, 202, 219, 237, 245
Karesi Mutasarrfl 13
Kastamonu ser garnizonu 270, 271
Kastamonu Vilyeti 13, 143, 161
Kayseri Mutasarrfl 13
Kzm Bey, Erkn- Harbiye Reisi, Miralay
127
Kzm er-Dceyl, Badad'daki Lugat'l-Arab
[nm] risle-i mevkute sahibi, ngiliz
hizmeti 64
Keary, General 193
Kerbela 41
Kerem Han, sobidar 290
Kirman 211
Kirmanah 210, 211
Krehir 141
Knigsberg 273, 274
Knnig Friedrich Wilhelm Grinadya Alay
273, 274
Konya 145, 281, 282
Vilyeti 13, 145, 159, 161
Kopenhag 241
Ktesiphon 183
Kk Asya 148
Kuds-i erif mutasarrfl 13
Kurna 41, 45, 46, 90, 209, 234, 235
Ktahya Mutasarrfl 161
Kt'l-Amre 45, 46, 75, 83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 93,

Lahey 183, 269


Mukvelenmesi 177
Sefreti 183, 270
Lal Mir, cemdr 289
La Voix du Nord gazetesi 87
Lavrance ganbotu 15
Levzm- shhiye 107, 108
Lloyd George 205
Londra 19, 21, 87, 187, 229, 297
Sefir-i Kebri Tevfk Paa 21
Lord Grey 296
Lordlar Kamaras 218, 233
Luristan 210

M
Mbeyn-i Hmyn Bakitbeti 105, 156, 181
Mamuretlaziz vilyeti 13
Manchester Guardian gazetesi 237
Manyasizde Feridun, Sefret-i Seniyye
Maslahatgzr 79
Marengo 194
Marmaris Ganbotu 37
Massena 194
Matin gazetesi 194
Meclis-i Vkel 61, 73, 135
Medyin 192, 206, 234, 235
msademesi 84
Medne-i Mnevvere Muhfzl 13

395

'=1

Mehmed 247
Mehmed Efdal, cemdr 290
Mehmed Fazl Paa 63
Mehmed Han 290, sobidar 289
Mehmed Haim, sobidar 290
Mehmed mer Han 289
Mehmed Paa 64
Mehmed Read, Padiah 34, 57, 125, 127
Mehmed Said, Sadrazam ve Hariciye Nzr
34, 35, 57, 81, 125, 127
Mehmed uayb, Tccar 64
Mehmed Yusuf Han 289
Melliss, General 218, 265
Memlik-i Osmaniyye 267
Mentee mutasarrfl 137
Mersin Liman 285
Merutiyet 121
Mezopotamya 184
Migel Maitland Wilson, Captain 269, 270, 271
Mihail Efendi, Ziraat Mdr 64
Mill Ajans 257
Mirza Mehmed, sobidar 289
Mister Asquith 123
Mister Condler, ngiliz, matbat muhabiri 99
Mister Cox 115
Msr 83, 85, 108, 194, 195, 206
Kuv-y Askeriyyesi Kumandanl 85
Morning Post gazetesi 93, 217
Msy Taki 239
Mchidn Teklt 71
Muhammere 15, 16, 19, 63, 210
Muhtr Beyefendi, Lahey Sefir Vekili 271
Mmtaz Han 290
Mntefik, ayir 41 90, 101
Arablar 101
Mutasarrfl 63
Mu 212
Musa Kzm Efendi, eyhislm 175
Musul 39, 50, 55
Vilyeti 13, 159
Muzaffer Han, mlzm- evvel 289

N
Narodni Prava gazetesi 149
Nasriye 41, 75, 90, 234
Nazif, Badad Valisi, 50, 69
Necid sahili 23
Nieuwe Couran 184
Courant gazetesi 201
Rotterdameche Liberal gazetesi 201
Rotterdamsche Courant 183
Nide Mutasarrfl 159
Nikola Nikolayavi 149
Nil Nehri 84
Nixon 217, Bakumandan, General 217, 218,
219, 221, 233, 234, 235
Novrosiski (Novorossiysk) 37
Novvek gazetesi 148
Nureddin Bey, Drdnc Frka Kumandan,
Miralay, Basra Valisi ve Irak ve Havalisi
Kumandan, 57, 67, 69, 73
Nureddin Paa 46

O
Odin ganbotu 15, 16, 25
Olga 239
On Sekizinci Kolordu Kumandanl 127
Ordu-y Hmyn 121, 129, 133
Ordu-y Osman, 23, 25, 121, 129, 133, 178,
185, 227, 270, 271, 278
Osmanl/lar 15, 16, 21, 63, 121, 133, 135, 139,
172, 184, 201, 210, 211, 247, 288, 293,
mparatorluu 183
karakolhanesi 15
karasular 19, 21
muzafferiyet mar 273, 274
ordusu 172, 183, 209, 210
mer Han 290

P
Paris 89
Parisienne msteciri 239
Paul wan 274, Orkestra mdr 273, 274
P. C. B. Hehir, Miralay 296

396

'=1

Slih Bey, Belediye Reisi 64


Samarra 277, 278, 279
Selanik 169
Selmanpak 188, 217, 222
muharebesi 217, 222
Senaiyat 123
Seyfullah 100
Seyyid Ahmed 290
Seyyid brahim, cemdr 290
Siird 212
Sivas 129
Vilyeti 13
Skender Han, cemdr 290
Sofya 167
Standard, Dr. Kuyper yayn organ 184
Stockholm Sefreti 79
Sbeyr 210
Subhi, Basra Vali Vekili ve Kumandan, 16, 19
Sk 41
Subhi Bey, Miralay, esir 41
Sleyman, Kad 197
Sleyman Askeri Bey, Trk birlikleri Kumandan, Basra Frkas Kumandan, 43, 49,
59
Sleyman Nazif Bey, Badad Valisi 73
Suriye vilyeti 13
Sveybe (uaybe) 39
Suveyce Horu 97
Sveyki batakl 93
Svey Kanal 85, 168
ahnvaz Han 289
amar 71
amiye l 67
ark Afrika 108
atrat'l-Mntefik 75
att 15, 16, 19, 21, 29, 37, 172, 210,
att'l-Hy Kanal 90
ehabeddin, sobidar 289
ehbaz Han, cemdr 289
ehremaneti 175
ereflikohisar 145
eyh Cemal, sobidar 290
eyh Mehmed, Doktor 289
eyhsad 46, 84, 93, 247

P. E. O. Donoghue, Mlzm 296


Percy Lake, Irak kuv-y askeriyyesi bakumandan, General, Sir 85, 87, 123, 195,
202
Peter Yoviliyu(?) Joseph 239
Petit Parisien gazetesi 194
Poti 37
Prusya 273, 274

R
Racput Catolica gazetesi 202
Rahimdad Han 290
Rahmet, cemdr 290
Rangon, Amerika konsolosu 53
Receb Efendi 63
Reinhold Lirhey, Knigsberg'de mukim kilise
musiksi mdr, muallim 273, 2740
Reid, Badad Vali Vekili 39
Reslayn 71
Vilyeti 159
Rhesa Soka 273, 274
Rza Bey, Roma ehbenderi 171
R. K. Mallam, Yzba 296
Robert College Mektebi 287, 288
Robertson, Sir, ngiliz politika memuru 84
Romanya 169
Romanya Matbt 169
Rus/lar 37, 134, 167, 169, 195, 209, 210, 211,
212
Russe, Miralay 194
Rusya 33, 34, 148, 167, 209, 211
Devleti 34

S
Sadar Dag? gazetesi 225
Sadret 129, 155
Sadreddin, cemdr 290
Safa Bey 175
Sahibdd Han, cemdr 289
Said Halim Paa, Hariciye Nzr 59
Saksonya Kral 155, 156
Saksonya Sefreti 155
Salhaddin-i Eyyb 237
Salb-i Ahmer 237

397

'=1

Ordusu 148, 192, 230


Trkiye 148, 194, 195, 210, 295

eyhlislm 175
ir Han, sobidar 290
irnur, cemdr 290
uaybe 55, 59, 63, 69
kr, Marif Nzr ve Posta ve Telgraf ve
Telefon Nzr Vekili 34, 35

U
Uceym Bey 41, 67
Urfa mutasarrfl 13
ser-y Osmaniye 53, 293
zeyr 39

T
Talat 175, Dahiliye Nzr ve Maliye Nzr
Vekili, Harbiye Nzr Vekili, Maliye
Nzr Vekili 31, 34, 35, 49, 81, 117,
125, 127,151, 227
Talib Bey 63
Tanin 241
Teke mutasarrfl 13
Temps gazetesi 45, 87, 89
Tevfk Paa, Londra Sefir-i Kebri 21
Thayetmyo (Burma) 53
Tijd 184
Times gazetesi 83, 99, 103, 107, 111, 187, 221,
233, 253
Thames Nehri 253
Townshend, General 83, 84, 85, 89, 93, 103,
123, 129, 133, 134, 148, 149, 151, 172,
175, 177, 178, 183, 188, 191, 192, 193,
194, 195, 199, 201, 202, 217, 218, 230,
233, 237, 239, 241, 243, 269, 270, 271
ngiliz Generali 199
Trabzon 212
vilyeti 13
Tuapse 37
Trk/ler 45, 46, 83, 84, 90, 93, 94, 99, 100, 101,
103, 108, 123, 148, 149, 148, 149, 168,
169, 183, 184, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193,
194, 195, 201, 202, 207, 209, 210, 225,
230, 234, 235, 237, 245, 246
Alman uhuvveti 139
Ermenistan 209, 212

V
Van 71
vilyeti 13
V. Bronsart, Bakumandan, Bakumandan
Vekili namna Erkn- Harbiye Reisi,
Ferik 25, 121, 270
Vedad, Binba, ehid, 55
Veliyyullah, Doktor 289
Vincent 206
Viyana 165, 181
Voenni zvestiya gazetesi, Bulgar 148

W
Western Morning Post gazetesi 229
William, General, Sir 206
W. R. O'Farrrel, Yzba 296

Y
Yahya mukataas 63
Yemen vilyeti 13
Younghusband, General 84
Yozgad 141

Z
Zkir Ali 290
Zehirzade Osman Bey 63
Zor 71
Mutasarrf 3, 71
Zbeyr Kazas 41, 63, 210

398

S-ar putea să vă placă și