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HEMATOLOGICE
SCREENING TESTS OF
COAGULATION
The Platelet Count
The Bleeding Time
Evaluate Primary hemostasis
Platelet count
Platelet function
VWF
- numarului de trombocite ;
- timp de sangerare (TS) - martor al primilor 2 timpi ai coagularii,
TS -valoare normala 4 minute ;
Cresterea lui se poate datora unei fragilitati capilare sau unei scaderi a
numarului si calitatii plachetelor sanguine.
- timp de coagulare (TC) normal,
TC - valoare normala 5 – 10 minute ;
Thrombin Clotting Time
Thrombin
Fibrinogen Fibrin
Prolongation by
1. Heparin
2. Low or absent fibrinogen (hypo/afibrinogenemia)
3. Abnormal fibrinogen (dysfibrinogenemia)
4. High levels of fibrin degradation products
Prothrombin Time - PT
X Xa
Va+Ca+Pl
II IIa
TF / VIIa
Fibrinogen Fibrin
PTT
Partial Thromboplastin Time
XI XIa
IX IXa
VIIIa+Ca+Pl
PTT X Xa
Va+Ca+Pl
37 sec
II IIa
(N<34 sec)
Fibrinogen Fibrin
FVIIIa
FVIII
X Xa Carrier Protein
Fibrin
Several Types
eg. Tinzaparin (Innohep)
Daltaparin (Fragmin)
Vitamin K antagonists
Interfere with gamma carboxylation
Start Coumadin
Daily INR
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Stop LMWH
When
INR>2
Begin therapy with
SC LMWH
Bleeding
too few and/or
dysfunctional platelets
Cascada coagulării
Conform teoriei clasice, coagularea se desfăşoară în cascadă.
Stable adhesion
Platelet
Platelet activation/aggregation
Rolling
Platelet
Blood Flow adhesion
XI XIa
V Va
Fibrinogen Fibrina
IX IXa
FVIIIa/Ca2+/Phospholipid
X Xa
FVa/Ca2+/Phospholipid
II IIa
Fibrinogen Fibrin
Mecanismele de modulare ale cascadei coagulării
Protein C X Xa
FVa/Ca2+/Phospholipid
Protein S II IIa
Result in hypercoagulable states
increased thrombosis Fibrinogen Fibrin
VIIIa Va
Protein S
Activated
Protein C
Protein C
IIa
IIa
Thrombin
Anti-coagulant thrombomodulin
effects
• Hemophilia A
Factor VIII deficiency
1 in 5,000 males
• Hemophilia B
Factor IX deficiency
1 in 30,000 males
Hemophilia Therapy
Mild/Moderate Hemophilia A (FVIII Deficiency)
Hemophilia B - Factor IX