J1.

TRUNCHIUL DE PIRAMID~ PATRULATERA REGULATA PROBLEME REZOLVATE

1. Un trunchi de piramida patrulatera regulata are fata laterala un trapez isoscel
ortodiagonal.Diagonalele bazelor au 82 respectiv 42cm Se cere: a) Al , At , V ; b) aria laterala
si volumul piramidei din care provine trunchiul ; c) distanta de la centrul bazei mici la o fata
laterala si distanta la o muchie laterala; d) Fie un punct P situat pe inaltimea trunchiului la
egala distanta de planul bazei mari si planul unei fete laterale. Determinati pozitia punctului P
fata de baza mare.
V
V V

D' C'
O' E F
M'
A' B' O' 2 M' O' 22 B'

c a
D

O M
C
42 6 42
a ti
210

O
2
N
2
M O
22

e m
N'
22
B
A
(PB + Pb)atr
B
h
a) Al = ; At=Al+AB+Ab ; V= (AB+Ab+ABAb )
4

a t 42

2 3
/ m
BC + B'C'
. r o
AC = 82 , dar AC = AB2 AB2 = 82 AB=8cm ; A'C'=42 A'B'2 = 42 A'B'=4cm
8+4 12
Daca trapezul isoscel BCC'B' este ortodiagonal MM' = = = MM'=6cm

f 2
u 2 2

o
Daca AB = 8 cm OM = 4 cm ; A'B' = 4 cm O'M' = 2 cm ; AC = BD = 82 OB = 42 cm

r
Analog O'B' = 22 cm

e p
:/ /
In trapezul O'M'MO NM = OM O'M' = 4 2 = 2 cm.

In M'NM,mN=90 M'N =M'M2NM2=364=32 M'N=32 M'N=42cm O'O=42cm

2

tt p
InB'N'B, N'=90 B'B2 = B'N'2 + N'B2 = 32 + 8 = 40 B'B = 40 B'B = 210cm

(32+16)6 h 2 2
42 4482
Al= = 144cm ; At=144 + 64 + 16 = 224cm ; V=(64 +16 + 84)= cm3 .
2 3 3

VO' O'M' VM' VO 42 2 VM 6

b) O'M'OM VO'M'~VOM == ==
VO OM VM VO 4 VM

4(VO 42) = 2VO 4VO 2VO = 162 2VO = 162 VO = 82 cm

4(VM 6) = 2VM 4VM 2VM = 24 2VM = 24 VM=12cm
 PBVM 3212 AB VO 6482
AlPIRAMIDA = = = 192cm ; VPIRAMIDA= = = 2562 cm3 .
2

2 2 2 2

c) d(O'; (BCC'B')) = d(O'; (VBC)) = d(O'; VM) = O'E (O'E ^ VM);

VEO'~VOM(E= O=90Vcomun)

O'EVO'O'E42 442 42
= = O'E= O'E=cm.
OMVM412 12 3

InVOB,O=90 VB2=VO2+OB2=128+32=160 VB= 160 VB=410cm.

d(O';(BCC'B')) = d(O'; VB) = O'F (O'F^VB)

c a
ti
VFO'~VOB(F= O=90 Vcomun)

a
O'FVO'O'F42 4242 410
= = O'F= O'F=cm
OB VB 42 410 410 5

e m
d) V
Notez PO = PR = x a t
/ m
82 R
12

. r o
x
f u
P
x
r o
O 4
e p
M

:/ / PR VP x 82 x

tt p
VRP~VOM(drept.cuVunghicomun) = =
OM VM 4 12

h
12x=4(82x) 12x=3224x 12x+4x=322 16x=322 x=22cm

PO=22cm
2.UntrunchidepiramidapatrulateraregulataABCDA'B'C'D'areunghiuldintreofaalaterala
siplanulbazeimaride60,perimetrulbazeimici32cmsiarialaterala160cm2.Secere:
a)Ariatotalasivolumultrunchiuluidepiramida.
b)Arialateralasivolumulpiramideiincareprovinetrunchiul.
c)Distantele delacentrulbazeimarilaofaalateralasilaomuchielateralaatrunchiului.
d) La ce distanta fata de baza micatrebuie facuta o sectiuneparalela cubazele,astfel incat
ariasectiuniiobtinutesafieegalacu100cm2.
e)DistanteledelapunctulB'respectivdelapunctulBlaplanul(ADD')

REZOLVARE
V VV

D'C'
c a
ti
O'M'O' 4 M' O' 42 B'
F
A'B'
S T 23 E 4 23 a
DC
e m
OMO
60
4 P 2 M
a t O 42 R 22 B

A B
/ m
a)Perimetrulbazeimici=4l 4l=32 l=8 A'B'=8cm
. r o
l A'B' 8

f u l2AB282
O'M'====4 O'M'=4cm O'B'====42 O'B'=42cm

r o
222222

e p
((BCC'B')(ABCD))= (MM'OM)= (M'MO)=60
MM'

:/ /
In DM'PMdr.inP,dacam(M'MP)=60 m(MM'P)=30 PM= MM'=2PM
2

tt p
NotezPM=x MM'=2x.Perimetrulbazeimari=PB =4AB,darAB=2OM PB =8OM
DeoareceOM=OP+PM OM=4+x PB=8(4+x)=32+8x

h
Perimetrulbazeimici=Pb =32cm
(PB +Pb)apotematrunchiului
Arialateralaatrunchiului=
2
(32+8x+32)2x
160= (64+8x)x=160 8x2 +64x160=0/:8 x2 +8x20=0
2
x2 +10x2x20=0 x(x+10)2(x+10)=0 (x+10)(x2)=0
x+10=0 x=10 x2=0 x=2
Deoarecelucramcusegmentesolutiavalablilaestex=2 PM=2cmiarMM'=4cm
In DM'PMdr.inP M'P2 =M'M2 PM2 M'P2 =42 22 =164=12 M'P= 12 M'P=23cm

DacaM'P=23cm O'O=23cm DacaPM=2cm OM=6cm AB=12cm

Decielementeletrunchiuluisunt:l=8cm,L=12cm,atr=4cm,htr =23cm.

Ariatotala= Arialaterala+Ariabazeimari+Ariabazeimici
Ariabazeimari=AB =L2 =122 =144cm2 Ariabazeimici=Ab =l2 =82 =64cm2
Ariatotala=160+144+64=368cm2 .
h 2323
Volumultrunchiului=(AB +Ab +ABAb)=(144+64+14464)=(208+96)
3 33
23 6083
Volumul=304 Volumultrunchiului=cm3 .
3 3
c a
VO' O'M' VM' VO 23 4 VM 4

a ti
b)O'M'OM DVO'M'~ DVOM == ==

m
VOOMVMVO6VM

e
t
6(VO23)=4VO 6VO4VO=123 2VO=123 VO=63cm

6(VM4)=4VM 6VM4VM=24 2VM=24 VM=12cm.

a
PB VM 41212
/ m
Arialateralaapiramidei===288cm2 .
2
AB VO 14463
2

. r o
3 3
f u
Volumulpiramidei===2883cm3 .

c) d(O(BCC'B')
r o
M'M ^ BC

e p
OM ^ BC
OM,M'M (OMM'O') /
BC ^ (OMM'O')

:/
tt p
ConstruiescOE ^ M'M.DeoareceOE (OMM'O')siBC ^ (OMM'O') BC ^ OE OE ^ BC
DinOE ^ M'MsiOE ^ BC OE ^ (BCC'B') d(O(BCC'B')=OE

h VOOM636
In DVOMdr.inO OE== OE=33cm
VM12

d(OVB).ConstruiescOF ^ VB d(OVB)=OF
VOOB636266 630
In DVOBdr.inO OF=== OF=cm.
VB655 5

In DVOBdr. VB2 =VO2 +OB2 VB2 =(63)2 +(62)2 =108+72=180 VB=65cm.

d)V

Deoarecesectiuneaesteunpatratcuaria100cm2

laturasectiuniiestel' =100 l'=10cm

l'10
4 Dacal'=10cm ST== ST=5cm
O'M' 2 2
O'M'+OM
23 S 5 T IntrapezulOMM'O'seobservacaST=
2
O 6 M STesteliniemijlocieintrapez SO'=SO=3cm

e)d(B'ADD') d(BADD')
V

c a
ti
Planul(ADD')esteinclusinplanulfeei

D'C' a
lateraleatrunchiuluidepiramida,care

O'
A'B' m
esteinclusinplanulfeeilateraleapiramidei

e
D C
t
dincareprovinetrunchiul.

a
d(B'ADD') esteechivalentacud(B'VA'D')

O
/ m
d(BADD') esteechivalentacud(BVAD)

AB

. r o
d(B'VA'D') formezpiramidaB'VA'D'siscriuvolumuleiindouamoduri.

f
Aria DVA'D'd(B'VA'D')Aria DA'B'D'VO' u Aria DA'B'D'VO'

r o
VB'VA'D' == d(B'VA'D')=
33 Aria DVA'D'

p
l2 64VM'B'C'88

e
:/ /
Aria DA'B'D'===32cm2 .Aria DVA'D'=Aria DVB'C'===32cm2
2222

tt p
3243
d(B'VA'D')= d(B'VA'D')=43cm
32

h
d(BVAD) formezpiramidaBVAD siscriuvolumuleiindouamoduri.
Aria DVADd(BVAD)Aria DABDVO Aria DABDVO
VB'VA'D' == d(BVAD)=
33 Aria DVAD
L2 144 VMBC 1212
Aria DABD===72cm .Aria DVAD=Aria DVBC= ==72cm2
2

22 22
7263
d(BVAD)= d(BVAD)=63cm
72