Documente Academic
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ANUARUL
pe anul
2020
Anul XX 2020
COMITETUL :
Pr. prof. univ. dr. Ioan MOLDOVEANU
Universitatea din Bucure Justinian Patriarhul, decan
-Alexandru TUDORIE
St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, New York, decan academic
C :
Pr. lect. univ. dr. Mihai BURLACU
Diac. lect. univ. dr. Niculae PREDA
Pr. asist. univ. dr. Alexandru BARNA
Diac. asist. univ. dr. Eugen MAFTEI
(peer-review)
în Justinian Patriarhul
www.ftoub.ro/anuar.
Justinian Patriarhul
Str. Sf. Ecaterina, nr. 4, 040155
anuar.ftoub@gmail.com
www.ftoub.ro
ISSN: 1582-8840
ISSN-L: 1582-8840
orul)
Mesajul DANIEL,
Patriarhul Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
Doi mari teologi europeni admiratori ai
...............................................................................17
..............................................................................33
BUCHIU
................................................................49
.............................................................................59
5
Prof. univ. dr. Assaad Elias KATTAN
..............................................................................75
r........................................................83
.........................................................111
-a
Anul 2020
.......................................................135
în secolele XVI-XI..................................................................................................147
6
Pr. Asist. univ. dr. Georgian P
Filantropia
...............................................................................................179
-a
-a
Miscellanea
...................................................245
în cântarea Prohodului..........................................................................................269
7
Pr. Prof. univ. dr. Vasile R
Începuturile monahismului în Gaza.......................................................................343
8
Lect. univ. dr. Maria Ruset O
La Queste del Saint Graal as a pilgrimage.
An Anthropological Perspective............................................................................521
Dr. Alexandru O
.....................................................................................539
-a
Justinian Patriarhul
Drd. Marius-George C
Old Romanian Church Periodicals in the Library of the
Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Bucharest..........................................................571
-a
Prezentarea autorilor............................................................................................611
9
Diac. conf. univ. d
Justinian Patriarhul
Abstract: Eschatological Controversies. The Immortality of the Soul between Revelation and Exegesis.
The status of the human being after the death is a disputed issue among the present Christian
confessions, as it was in Judaism contemporary with our Savior Jesus Christ. While the majority of the
Christians confess that the humans have an immortal soul, that survives after the death and that
resurrection implies the reunion of the body and soul, the Adventist Church teaches that only God is
immortal and that man steps through death into uncounsciousness. The present article traces down this
reality of conflicting approaches into the Old Testament times, continuing with the New Testament and
the early church.
Keywords: eschatology, immortality, nephesh, soul, spirit, disembodied souls.
confesiunii din care faci parte. Depinzi, vrând nevrând, de mentalul în care ai crescut
acad
1
dialogul despre nemurirea sufletului cu distinsu . Îl
de care
1
Florin L -din-
viata-sau-zbor-spre-alta- -al meu apologetic:
https://almihaila.wordpress.com/2019/08/26/are-fundament-biblic-cultul-sfintilor-nu-cumva-mortii-
sunt-morti/.
443
amat Nemurirea sufletului sau
2
.
incompatibil
eirgmon aidion
4
tou anabioun
... pasan aphtharton), doar sufletul
-un alt trup (metabainein... ), pe când al celor
) 5.
6
trupurile (tas psychas...
2 Oscar CULLMANN,
Testament, coll. , Delachaux, Paris,
, coll. Fiat lux, trad.
2007.
3 Manualul Bisericii
11
2016, pp. 220-221. Vezi, pe larg, Le Roy Edwin FROOM, The Conditionalist
Faith of Our Fathers: The Conflict of the Ages Over the Nature and Destiny of Man, Review and Herald,
Washington, 1966, 2 volume (în special vol pp. 29-
a Noului Testament pp. 183-519).
4 , 18.14, trad. rom.: FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, -X, trad. Ion
-
2001.
5
, 2.163 trad. rom.: FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, anilor, trad.
6
, 18.16.
444
sufletului ( ... hades 7.
alt
10
du
cu alte
texte (Luca 24, 37 pneuma], Faptele Apostolilor 12, 15
angelos autou]).
-o închis
7
2.165.
8 2.154-155.
9
Floyd PARKER Biblica LXXXIV, (2003) 3, pp.
344-365; David DAUBE Journal of Biblical Literature CIX,
(1990) 3, pp. 493-497; Benedict T. VIVIANO, Justin TAYLOR Resurrection
(Acts 23:8- Journal of Biblical Literature CXI, (1992) 3, pp. 496-498.
10 Stephen B. CHAPMAN, The Law and the Prophets, coll. Forschungen zum Alten Testament 27, Mohr
Siebeck, Tübingen, 2000, pp. 266-268; Timothy H. LIM, The Formation of the Jewish Canon, coll. The
Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library, Yale University Press, New Haven, London, 2013, pp. 27-29.
de Roger Beckwith, The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church and Its Background in
Early Judaism, SPCK, London, 1985, pp. 87-90.
445
ce sufletul nemuritor (athanatos)
ntr-
Ioan 11,
-
testamentare pentru doctrina lor.
11
H. SEEBASS BOTTERWECK, Helmer RINGGREN, Heinz-Josef FABRY
(ed.), Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. IX, trad. David E. Green, William B.
Eerdmans, Grand Rapids Cambridge, 1998, pp. 497-519. Vezi BAUKS -Concepts»
Vetus
Testamentum LXVI, (2016) 2, pp. 181-193.
12
Risto LAUHA, Psychophysischer Sprachgebrauch im Alten Testament. Eine strukturalsemantische
Analyse von , und , coll. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae: Dissertationes
Humanarum Litterarum 35, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki, 1983.
446
Levitic 24,
- -o ia (Ieremia 11, 21), iar în Ieremia 21, 9 se spune
- , - -ul. Robul
- Isaia 53, 12),
)
(Numeri 21,
-a pus - -
-a luptat cu filistenii (1 Samuel 19, 5). Sau ca în cartea lui Iov, unde se
-
13
(Iov 12, 10) .
, 1)14.
https://www.cpsim.ru/images/internet_obzor/44_o_molitvennom_pominovenii_usopshih/01_dushi_pr
avednyh.jpg
13
David J.A. CLINES, Job 1-20, coll. Word Biblical Commentary 17, Word Books, Dallas, 1989, p.
295.
14
David WINSTON, The Wisdom of Solomon: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary,
coll. Anchor Bible 43, Doubleday, New York, 1979, pp. 125-
447
3; 2 Regi 2, 2), cea mai bu
- ceva
-ul
Deuteronom 12, -ul a tot trupul este
Levitic 17, - Levitic 17, 11)15. Chiar
-
consumul sângelui era interzis. Nu se
-ului,
-ul ei
35, 18), iar la învierea copilului din Sarepta Sidonului, Ilie se roa
- 1 Regi 17, 21; cf
-
Iona 4, -ul
2 Samuel 1, -
-ul la moarte.
16
Acesta . În Psalmul 16, 10,
-
- -ul meu
ceva din om nu dispare la moarte, ci acel ceva, numit aici ,
15 Jacob MILGROM, Leviticus 17-22: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, coll.
Anchor Bible 3A, Doubleday, New York, 2000, pp. 1472, 1483-1484.
16 L. WÄCHTER BOTTERWECK, Helmer RINGGREN, Heinz-Josef FABRY (ed.),
Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. XIV, trad. Douglas W. Stott, William B. Eerdmans,
Grand Rapids Cambridge, 2004, pp. 239-248. Vezi Philip S. JOHNSTON, Shades of Sheol: Death and
Afterlife in the Old Testament, Apollos InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, 2002.
448
-
putem explica atunci Numeri
- ,
s- -a
, 33)17
-
un loc într-altul.
- Psalmul 93,
Isaia 26, 19). Într-
Psalmul 139,
- -mi, Doamne, lumine -
Psalmul 13,
-
(Iov 3,
Isaia 14, 18). Cel care moare
Proverbe 21, 16). Este imaginea
Daniel 12,
lui18.
Domnului.
, tradus de obicei
19
nefilim
17
Timothy ASHLEY, The Book of Numbers, coll. New International Commentary on the Old
Testament, William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1993, p. 318.
18
Michell DAHOOD, Psalms I 1-50: Introduction, Translation, and Notes, coll. Anchor Bible,
Doubleday, New York, 1965, pp. 143-144.
19
R. LIWAK BOTTERWECK, Helmer RINGGREN, Heinz-Josef FABRY (ed.),
Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. XIII, trad. David E. Green, William B. Eerdmans,
Grand Rapids Cambridge, 2004, pp. 602-614.
449
-
ceva asemenea
Isaia 14,
-
ad Sirah 46,
-
23
, 20). Acest text s- .
450
( , ,
a vorbit în 1 Samuel 28
24
.
M-
...
kala
trece, tot , 9). La acesta se pot
, gr.
Iov 14, 10)25. În Psalmul 49,
26
(verbul ebr. bala -
ruah)
24
Patrick W. SKEHAN, Alexander A. DI LELLA, The Wisdom of Ben Sira: A New Translation with
Notes, Introduction and Commentary, coll. Anchor Bible 39, Doubleday, New York, 1987, p. 521.
25
David J.A. CLINES, Job 1-20, coll. Word Biblical Commentary 17, Word Books, Dallas, 1989, pp.
328-329. Verbul
26
Peter C. CRAIGIE, Psalms 1-50, coll. Word Biblical Commentary 19, Word Books, Dallas, 1983, p.
360; Mitchell DAHOOD, Psalms 1-50: Introduction, Translation, and Notes, coll. Anchor Bible,
Doubleday, New York, 1965, pp. 300-301.
27 Hans-Joachim KRAUS, Psalms 1-59: A Continental Commentary, trad. Hilton C. Oswald, Fortress
451
3:19-21)28.
...].
...].
-a uitat pomenirea. Dragostea lor, ura lor, pizma lor au pierit (ebr.
nu Ecclesiast 9, 3-6)29.
Psalmul 6, -
cei car Psalmul 115, 17).
ceva
30
. Legea interzice
28 Thomas KRÜGER, Qoheleth: A Commentary, coll. Hermeneia, trad. O.C. Dean jr., Fortress Press,
Minneapolis, 2004, pp. 93-94; Norbert LOHFINK, Qohelet: A Continental Commentary, trad. Sean
McEvenue, Fortress Press, Minneapolis, 2003, 67.
29
T. KRÜGER, Qoheleth, pp. 169-171; N. LOHFINK, Qohelet, pp. 111-113.
30 SONIA, Caring for the Dead in Ancient Israel, coll. SBL
Archaeology and Biblical Studies
Antic, vezi Melissa S. CRADIC
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research CCCLXXVII,
(2017), pp. 219-248; Matthew MCAFFEE, Life and Mortality in Ugarit: A Lexical and Literary Study,
coll. Explorations in Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations 7, Eisenbrauns, Grand Rapids, Pennsylvania
State University Press, University Park, 2019.
31 LICHTHEIM, Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings,
vol. 1, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1975, pp. 193-
LICHTHEIM, Ancient Egyptian Literature, vol. 2, University
of Carolifornia Press, Berkeley, 1976, pp. 115-116. COS HALLO (ed.), The
Context of Scripture, vol. 1: Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World, Brill, Leiden, New York,
Köln, 1997, pp. 49-50.
452
- -
control. În Ezechiel 13,
încheieturi
suflete
n -
uneltele respective
33
. Regele Panam
ceva -o
marzeah
34
,
-
Dar, în lumina
32
Richard C. STEINER, Disembodied Souls: The Nephesh in Israel and Kindred Spirits in the Ancient
Near East, with an Appendix on the Kutumuwa Inscription, coll. SBL. Ancient Near East Monographs
11, SBL Press, Atlanta, 2015.
33
COS 2.36) în: William W. HALLO (ed.), The Context of Scripture, vol. 2:
Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World, Brill, Leiden, New York, Köln, 2000, p. 157.
34
Matthew J. SURIANO
Journal of the American Oriental Society CXXXIV, (2014) 3, pp. 385-405; Seth
L. SANDERS
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research CCCLXIX, (2013), pp. 35-
LEMAIRE, Benjamin SASS,
Bulletin of the
American Schools of Oriental Research CCCLXIX, (2013), pp. 57-136.
453
5. Ceva
1 Corinteni 15, 26).
sarki Filipeni 1,
, to analysai
, 23)35. Pavel nu este speriat de moarte, care nu
einai
.Hr.
Filipeni 3, 5),
uni,
din Noul Testament. În textul din Luca 16, care este un text
37
cheie în p
(Luca 16,
hades
en basanois
a -
- Luca
pu
35
Peter T. RIEN, The Epistle to the Philippians: A Commentary on the Greek Text, William B.
Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Paternoster Press, Carlisle, 1991, pp. 129-130.
36
Raymond E. BROWN, The Gospel According to John (I-XII): Introduction, Translation, and Notes,
coll. Anchor Bible, Doubleday, New York, 1966, pp. 218-221.
37
Outi LEHTIPUU, , coll.
Supplements to Novum Testamentum 123, Brill, Boston, 2007. John NOLLAND, Luke 9:21 18:34, coll.
Word Biblical Commentary 35B, Word Books, Dallas, 1993, pp. 823-833.
454
-i pe
estin, la prezent,
u El
Luca 20, 38).
Un alt text care are nevoie de reinterpretare pentru a se potrivi cu doctrina
Iuda
înmormântarea era pr
e -ar fi
2 Corinteni 12,
Luca 23.
pneumasi
455
38
. În Apocalipsa 6, 9-
tas
trigau cu glas
, [...]
nostru... 39.
ele -
...]. Ei s-
, 4)40. pneuma
,
Apocalipsa 20,
co , 10).
-a dat pe
hades- ,
hades) (20, ,
,
38
Pentru comentarii, vezi William L. LANE, Hebrews 9-13, coll. Word Biblical Commentary 47B,
Word Books, Dallas, 1991, pp. 470-471; Craig R. KOESTER, Hebrews: A New Translation with
Introduction and Commentary, coll. Anchor Bible 36, Doubleday, New York, 2001, p. 546; David
PETERSON, Hebrews and Perfection: An Examination of the Concept of Perfection in the «Epistle to the
Hebrews», coll. Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 47, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1982, pp. 163-165.
39
David E. AUNE, Revelation 6-16, coll. Word Biblical Commentary 52B, Word Books, Dallas, 1998,
pp. 403-406.
40 David E. AUNE, Revelation 17-22, coll. Word Biblical Commentary 52C, Word Books, Dallas,
1- Ortodoxia 36 (1984), nr. 1, pp. 29-59; reprint în Ortodoxia 38 (1986), nr. 3, pp. 47-61. Vezi
Emanuel C , , Logos,
Cluj-Napoca, 2011, pp. 281-287.
456
...], fiind omorât în trup,
ut viu (gr. ) în duh (gr. pneumati
...
-
42
. -
= en pneumati -a adresat tot unor duhuri
(pneumasin) ar
lui Hristos s-
43
. Un alt text interesant este cel din 1 Petru
4, ilor li s-
zosin -a binevestit
44
nici
6. Concluzii
-
omului la mo
fariseic Apocalipsa 6, 9;
20, Evrei 12,
constituie
45 46
.
S
decât simpla trec .
42 J. Ramsey MICHAELS, 1 Peter, coll. Word Biblical Commentary 49, Word Books, Dallas, 1988, pp.
203- -209).
43 Vezi CLEMENT ALEXANDRINUL, Fragmente din comentariul la Epistola întâi
a lui Petru (Ante-Nicene Fathers 2, p. 572); TERTULIAN, Despre suflet 55.2; ORIGEN, Comentariu la
Ioan 6.174- Catene;
P , Imne 9.70-75 toate citate în Gerald BRAY (ed.), James, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude, coll.
Ancient Christian Commentary on the Scripture. New Testament 11, InterVarsity Press, Downers
Grove, 2000, pp. 107-108
44
J.R. MICHAELS, 1 Peter, pp. 235-238.
45 Outi LEHTIPUU, Debates over the Resurrection of the Dead: Constructing Early Christian Identity,
coll. Oxford Early Christian Studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.
46 Alin-Vasile POHRIB
457