Lecia a treia Lesson Three

GRAMMAR

GRAMATIC

1. Articolul

The Article

Articolul nsoete substantivul i arat ct de cunoscut ne este acesta. El

arat diferena ntre a tiger = un tigru(oarecare) i the tiger = tigrul (cu
identitate precis).
The article is attached to the noun and it shows how familiar this is to us.
a. Referire general

Generic reference

Tigers are dangerous animals.

Russians are exceptional artists.
French people have excellent cuisine.
Music is delightful.
b. Articolul hotrt

Definite article

The Russian is a good dancer.

The lion is the king of all animals.
The lady is beautiful.
c. Articolul nehotrt

Tigrii sunt animale periculoase.

Ruii sunt artiti excepionali.
Francezii au o buctrie excelent.
Muzica este ncnttoare.

Rusul este un bun dansator.

Leul este regele tuturor animalelor.
Doamna este frumoas.
Indefinite article

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

Prietenul la nevoie se cunoate.

(proverb)
A woman stands in front of the door. O femeie st n faa uii.
De reinut c, n limba englez, articolul nehotrt a devine an atunci cnd
este plasat naintea substantivelor care ncep cu vocal sau semivocal:
an elephant = un elefant
an egg = un ou
an apple = un mr
an orange = o portocal
Articolul hotrt the se citete diferit n funcie de substantivul pe care l
precede.
a. Dac substantivul ncepe cu consoan, articolul hotrt se citete the:
the tiger

the dress

the Russian

the lion

the lady

b. Dac substantivul ncepe cu vocal, articolul hotrt se citete the:

the elephant

the end

2. The Present Tense

the apple

the orange

the egg

Timpul prezent

La conjugrile prezentului, verbele i schimb forma de infinitiv doar la

persoana a III-a singular unde primesc un s final.
I remember
you remember
she remembers
he remembers
we remember
you remember
they remember

mi amintesc
i aminteti
i amintete
i amintete
ne amintim
v amintii
i amintesc

I spend
you spend
she spends
he spends
we spend
you spend
they spend

petrec
petreci
petrece
petrece
petrecem
petrecei
petrec

Excepie fac verbele a cror pronunie necesit mici modificri. Este i

cazul verbelor:
to do - she(he) does
to go - she(he) goes
to have - she(he) has
to fly - she(he) flies
to dry - she(he) dries
to cry - she(he) cries
Excepie face i verbul to be care are un comportament aparte la
conjugarea prezentului: I am, you are, she(he) is, we are, you are, they are.
3.
Pentru a obine forma de plural, substantivele primesc i ele, n majoritatea
cazurilor, un s la final.
boy-boys(biat-biei), car-cars(main-maini), girl-girls(fat-fete), catcats(pisic-pisici), dog-dogs(cine-cini) apple-apples(mr-mere), horsehorses(cal-cai),
leg-legs(picior-picioare),
window-windows(ferastrferestre), mirror-mirrors(oglind-oglinzi), door-doors(u-ui).
Excepie fac:
a) substantivele a cror terminaie nu permite o pronunie fireasc prin
adaugarea unui simplu s:
dress-dresses(rochie-rochii), glass-glasses(pahar-pahare)
sau

knife-knives(cuit-cuite), wife-wives(soie-soii)
dar i
b) substantivele cu form de plural neregulat: man-men(brbat-barbai),
woman-women(femeie-femei),
foot-feet(talp-tlpi),
ox-oxen(bou-boi),
mouse-mice(oarece-oareci),
goose-geese(gsc-gte),
sheepsheep(oaie-oi), child-children(copil-copii).

General concepts

Noiuni generale

Holidays

Srbtori

Christmas
Christmas tree
New Years Eve
New Years Day
Easter
Lent
Labour Day
National Day
birthday

Crciun
pom de iarn
ajun de Anul Nou
prima zi de Anul Nou
Pate
Postul Mare
Ziua Muncii
Ziua Naional
zi de natere

Wishes and congratulations

Urri i felicitri

Happy birthday!
Best wishes!
Many happy returns of the day!
Good luck!
Congratulations!
Merry Christmas!
Happy Easter!
Have a nice time!
Have a nice trip!
Have a nice weekend!
Have a nice party!
Have fun!

La muli ani!
Cele mai bune urri!
La ct mai multe aniversri!
Noroc!
Felicitri!
Crciun fericit!
Pate fericit!
Distracie plcut!
Drum bun!
Week-end plcut!
Petrecere frumoas!
S te distrezi!

Colours

Culori

white = alb, black = negru, gray = gri, green = verde, yellow = galben, red =
rou, pink = roz, orange = portocaliu, blue = albastru, violet = violet, brown
= maro, silver = argintiu, lilac = liliachiu, lila, purple = purpuriu, beige = bej.
She has a white horse.

Ea are un cal alb.

The rainbow has seven colours.

Curcubeul are apte culori.

Diferitele nuane ale culorilor, mai deschise sau mai nchise, sunt
exprimate prin adjectivele light = luminos, deschis i dark = ntunecat,
nchis.
I have a light blue dress.
He has a dark green car.

Am o rochie albastru deschis.

El are o main verde nchis.

I am very fond of holidays. I always remember the way we celebrated

Christmas and Easter in Romania. Holidays are very important for Jim, too.
Srbtorile mi sunt foarte dragi. mi amintesc ntotdeauna cum
srbtoream Crciunul i Patele n Romnia. Pentru Jim, srbtorile sunt
de asemena importante.

On Holidays

De srbtori

Jim Patrick: Holidays are delightful. We spend more time with our families.
We are peaceful and happy. (Srbtorile sunt ncnttoare. Petrecem mai
mult timp cu familiile noastre. Suntem linitii i fericii.)
Minnie Jones: Indeed they are. Winter is white and beautiful. On Christmas,
here in London everything is white outside: the streets, the trees, the
houses, the gardens, even the cars are white. (Sunt, ntr-adevr. Iarna este
alb i frumoas. De Crciun, aici n Londra totul este alb afar: strzile,
copacii, casele, grdinile, pn i mainile.)
Jim Patrick: And spring is full of flowers and joy. On Easter, the grass is
green and the trees are dressed in pink, white, orange, yellow, red, blue
and violet. A real symphony of colours. (Iar primvara este plin de flori i
bucurie. De Pati, iarba este verde i copacii sunt mbraci n roz, alb,
portocaliu, galben, rou, albastru i violet. O adevrat simfonie de culori.)
Minnie Jones: I know. My birthday is in April and I always enjoy the fine
weather and the colours of nature. (tiu. Ziua mea de natere este n aprilie
i m bucur mereu de vremea frumoas i de culorile naturii.)
Vocabulary:
to be fond of = a ndrgi
way = cale, drum; mod, fel, modalitate
delightful = ncnttor
to spend = a petrece; a cheltui
more = mai mult
peaceful = linitit
happy = fericit
here = aici

outside = afar
street = strad
tree = copac, pom
house = cas
garden = grdin
car = main
full of = plin de
flower = floare
joy = bucurie
grass = iarb
dressed in = mbrcat, n
real = real, adevrat
symphony = simfonie
to enjoy = a se bucura
fine = bun,
weather = vreme

Dont forget! Nu uita!

i n limba englez exist articol hotrt i articol nehotrt. Articolul arat
ct de cunoscut ne este substantivul pe care l nsoete. El arat diferena
ntre a mouse = un oarece(oarecare) i the mouse = oarecele (cu
identitate precis).
Articolul hotrt the se citete diferit n funcie de substantivul pe care l
precede.
a. Dac substantivul ncepe cu consoan, articolul hotrt se citete the:
the tiger

the dress

the Russian

the lion

the lady

b. Dac substantivul ncepe cu vocal, articolul hotrt se citete the:

the elephant

the end

the apple

the orange

the egg

Articolul nehotrt are dou forme n limba englez: a i an n funcie de

substantivul pe care l precede. Dac acesta ncepe cu vocal sau
semivocal, articolul hotart este an:
an elephant = un elefant
an egg = un ou
an apple = un mr
an orange = o portocal

Dac substantivul ncepe cu consoan sau semiconsoan, articolul hotart

este a:
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Prietenul la nevoie se cunoate.
A woman stands in front of the door. O femeie st n faa uii.
This is a University.
Aceasta este o Universitate.
This is a union.
Aceasta este o uniune.
This ia a year.
Acesta este un an.

Lets use the Present Tense! S folosim timpul prezent!

I remember you. Eu mi amintesc de tine.
You remember me. Tu i aminteti de mine.
She remembers him. Ea i amintete de el.
He remembers her. El i amintete de ea.
We remember them. Noi ne amintim de ei.
You remember us. Voi v amintii de noi.
They remember you. Ei i amintesc de voi.

Remember how we congratulate people! Amintete-i cum i

felicitm pe ceilali!
Happy birthday!
Best wishes!
Many happy returns of the day!
Good luck!
Congratulations!
Merry Christmas!
Happy Easter!
Have a nice time!
Have a nice trip!
Have a nice weekend!
Have a nice party!
Have fun!

La muli ani!
Cele mai bune urri!
La ct mai multe aniversri!
Noroc!
Felicitri!
Crciun fericit!
Pate fericit!
Distracie plcut!
Drum bun!
Week-end plcut!
Petrecere frumoas!
S te distrezi!

Which are the most important holidays? Care sunt cele mai
importante srbtori?
Christmas
New Years Eve
New Years Day
Easter
Lent
Labour Day
National Day

Crciun
ajun de Anul Nou
prima zi de Anul Nou
Pate
Postul Mare
Ziua Muncii
Ziua Naional

Which are the main colours? Care sunt culorile

principale?
white = alb
black = negru
gray = gri
green = verde
yellow = galben
red = rou
pink = roz
orange = portocaliu
blue = albastru
violet = violet
brown = maro
silver = argintiu
golden = auriu
lilac = liliachiu, lila
purple = purpuriu
beige = bej
We have a gray car. Avem o main gri.
The rainbow has seven colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo
and violet. Curcubeul are apte culori: rou, portocaliu, galben, verde,
albastru, indigo i violet.
Diferitele nuane ale culorilor, mai deschise sau mai nchise, sunt
exprimate prin adjectivele light = luminos, deschis i dark = ntunecat,
nchis.
She has a light blue skirt.
You have a dark green shirt.

Ea are o fust albastru deschis.

Tu ai o cma verde nchis.