5.

Studiul starii de eforturi si deformatii in terenul din jurul unui tunel executat cu scutul
1. Introducere Comportarea ansamblului captuseala - masiv la executia unui tunel este o problema deosebit de complexa, datorita faptului ca natura si caracteristicile terenului sint numai aproximativ definite, iar metoda de executie poate avea o influenta importanta mai ales prin modul cum este inplementata. Strapungerea unui tunel provoaca modificarea starii de eforturi in teren imprejurul galeriei, care determina deplasarea catre gol a solului. Aceasta deplasare este oprita de structura de rezistenta, care se incarca si se deformeaza impreuna cu terenul, provocind reactiunea pasiva a acestuia. Problemele care apar la proiectarea tunelelor pot fi definite astfel: determinarea starii de eforturi si deformatii in terenul din jurul golului; determinarea starii de eforturi si deformatii in structura de sustinere; determinarea incarcarilor pe captuseala si a tasarilor la suprafata. Metodele conventionale utilizate la proiectarea tunelelor, studiate anterior, trateaza problemele evidentiate mai sus in mod separat. Eforturile si deformatiile in masiv si captuseala, incarcarile pe captuseala sau tasarile la suprafata, se calculeaza cu metode diferite, fara nici o legatura intre ele. In realitate, toate elementele comportarii unui tunel sint legate intre ele si se influenteaza reciproc. O comportare cit mai apropiata de cea reala poate fi simulata utilizind M.E.F.

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Bibliografie
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