COMPLEMENTE DE TEORIA ELASTICITATII SI

PLASTICITATII

TEMA DE CASA Nr.1

METODA DIFERENTELOR FINITE

STUDENT: TANASOIU PETRE-BOGDAN

MASTER INGINERIE GEOTEHNICA, ANUL I
PROFESOR: prof.univ.dr.ing. MIRCEA IEREMIA

Metoda Numerica de Calcul a Diferentelor Finite

Sa se determine starea de eforturi unitare care apare in urmatoarea grinda perete si sa
se reprezinte grafic variatia pe inaltimea grinzii in diferite sectiuni a eforturilor unitare: x, y,
xy.
Grinda-perete (diafragma) este din beton armat si este actionata in planul ei median de
un sistem de forte aflate in echilibru.
SCHEMA DE INCARCARE

SCHEMA STATICA

Se va aborda rezolvarea numerica a problemei, discretinzandu-se domeniul grinziiperete, dupa care se va scrie cate o ecuatie algebrica liniara cu coeficienti constanti in fiecare
nod curent k al retelei de calcul folosite. In final se va rezolva un sistem algebric de 15
ecuatii cu 15 necunoscute.
Forma generala matriceala a sistemului de ecuatii algebrice este:
[A](15,15)*{F}(15,1)={B}(15,1), unde:
[A] Matricea coeficientilor necunoscutelor (depinde de dimensiunile geometrice ale
grinzii-perete si de natura materialului din care e alcatuita grinda);
{F} Matricea-coloana a functiilor necunoscute pe care urmeaza sa le aflam in fiecare
nod al retelei de calcul;
{B} Matricea-coloana care depinde de modul de incarcare al grinzii-perete.

Analogia mecanica
Aflarea functiei de tensiune pe conturul grinzii-perete si pe extracontur:
Contur: FK=MK , M momentul incovoietor pe sistemul de baza static determinat;
Extracontur: FK=Fpc+2*a*N, N forta axiala de pe sistemul de baza static determinat.

Diagramele de eforturi pe sistemul de baza

SISTEM DE BAZA

DIAGRAMA N

DIAGRAMA M

Caroiajul de calcul atasat grinzii

Avand in vedere simetriile posibile, domeniul grinzii-perete poate fi discretizat astfel:

Definirea functiilor pe contur

F4=-6 qa2
F3=-3.5 qa2
F2=-2 qa2
F1=-1.5 qa2
F16=-6 qa2
F15=-3 qa2
F14=-0.75 qa2
F13=0 qa2

Definirea functiilor pe extracontur

F4V=2*(-3)+F3= -9.5 qa2
F3V=2*(-3)+F3= F3-6 qa2
F6V=2*(-3)+F6=F6-6 qa2
F9V=2*(-3)+F9=F9-6 qa2
F12V=2*(-3)+F12=F12-6 qa2
F15V=2*(-3)+F15=F15-6 qa2
F16V=2*(-3)+F15= -9 qa2
F40=2*(0)+F4=-6 qa2
F30=F3 qa2
F20=F2 qa2
F10=F1 qa2
F160=2*(0)+F16=-6 qa2
F150=F15 qa2
F140=F14 qa2
F130=F13 qa2

Reteaua fiind patratica, se va aplica molecula de calcul, in fiecare nod al

retelei:

Sistemul de ecuatii se obtine in felul urmator:

(impartit la qa2)
20*F1-8*(F1+F2+F4+F2)+2(F2+F5+ F2+F5)+1(F1O+F3+F7+F3)=0
20*F1-8*(-1.5+2*F2+F4)+2(-2*2+2*F5)+1(F1+2*F3+F7)=0
20*F1+12-16*F2-8F4+-8+4*F5+F1+2*F3+F7=0
21*F1-16*F2+2*F3-8*F4+4*F5+F7+4.0=0
21*F1-16*F2+2*F3-8*F4+4*F5+F7=-4.0
In mod analog se vor obtine celelalte ecuatii, iar sistemul va rezulta:
21*F1-16*F2+2*F3-8*F4+4*F5+F7=-4.0
22*F2-8*F1-8*F3+2*F4-8*F5+2*F6+F8=0
F1-8*F2+22*F3+2*F5-8*F6+F9=-42.0
4*F2-8*F1+20*F4-16*F5+2*F6-8*F7+4*F8+F10=1.5
2*F1-8*F2+2*F3-8*F4+21*F5-8*F6+2*F7-8*F8+2*F9+F11=8
2*F2-8*F3+F4-8*F5+21*F6+2*F8-8*F9+F12=-14.5
F1-8*F4+4*F5+20*F7-16*F8+2*F9-8*F10+4*F11+F13 =0
F2+2*F4-8*F5+2*F6-8*F7+21*F8-8*F9+2*F10-8*F11+2*F12+F14 =6
F3+2*F5-8*F6+F7-8*F8+21*F9+2*F11-8*F12+F15=-18
F4-8*F7+4*F8+20*F10-16*F11+2*F12-8*F13+4*F14 =0
F5+2*F7-8*F8+2*F9-8*F10+21*F11-8*F12+2*F13-8*F14+2*F15 =6.75
F6+2*F8-8*F9+F10-8*F11+21*F12+2*F14-8*F15 =-15
F7-8*F10+4*F11+21*F13-16*F14+2*F15 =3.0
F8+2*F10-8*F11+2*F12-8*F13+22*F14-8*F15 =6
F9+2*F11-8*F12+F13-8*F14+22*F15=-40.5
Matricea coeficientilor va fi de forma:

21

8
1
8

2
0

1
A 0
0

0
0
0

0
0

16 2 8

22 8 2

8 22 0

8 0

0 20 16 2 8

2 8 21 8 2

8 1

8 21 0

8 0

0 8

0 20 16 2 8

2 8 21 8 2

8 1

8 21 0

8 0

0 8

0 20 16 2 8

2 8 21 8 2

8 1

8 21 0

0 8

0 21 16

2 8 22

8 1

0
0
0

0
0

0
1

0
2
8

2
8

22
0

Matricea [A] este o matrice simetrica fata de diagonala principala. Pentru a exprima
mai bine acest fapt, se vor inmulti cu 2 urmatoarele randuri:
Rand: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14,15 rezultand urmatoarea matrice:

A=

21 -16
2 -8 4
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
-16 44 -16
4 -16
4 0 2 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
2 -16 44
0 4 -16 0 0 2 0
0 0 0
0
0
-8
4
0 20 -16
2 -8 4 0 1
0 0 0
0
0
4 -16
4 -16 42 -16 4 -16 4 0
2 0 0
0
0
0
4 -16
2 -16 42 0 4 -16 0
0 2 0
0
0
1
0
0 -8 4
0 20 -16 2 -8
4 0 1
0
0
0
2
0
4 -16
4 -16 42 -16 4 -16 4 0
2
0
0
0
2
0 4 -16 2 -16 42 0
4 -16 0
0
2
0
0
0
1 0
0 -8 4 0 20 -16 2 -8
4
0
0
0
0
0 2
0 4 -16 4 -16 42 -16 4 -16
4
0
0
0
0 0
2 0 4 -16 2 -16 42 0
4 -16
0
0
0
0 0
0 1 0 0 -8
4 0 21 -16
2
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 2 0 4 -16 4 -16 44 -16
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0 2 0
4 -16 2 -16 44

Matricea-coloana {B} a termenilor liberi are valoarea:

0
42
1.5

8
14.5

B 6
18

0
6.75
15

3
6

40.5

4

0
84
1.5

16
29

0
B 12
36

0
13.5
30

3
12

81

x2
x2

x2
x2
x2
x2

x2
x2
x2
x2

Rezolvarea sistemului se va face folosind metoda matricei inverse, si anume se va

inmulti la stanga fiecare termen cu [A] -1.
[A]*{F}={B}
[A]-1*[A]*{F}=[A] -1*{B}
{F}=[A]-1*{B}

0.1092 0.0556 0.0168 0.0924 0.0606 0.0214 0.0589 0.0426 0.0159 0.0297 0.0222 0.0083 0.0094 0.007 0.0024

0.0556
0.062
0.0226
0.0603
0.0551
0.0228
0.0422
0.0357
0.0148
0.022
0.0179
0.0072
0.007
0.0055
0.002

0.0168 0.0226 0.0353 0.0207 0.0223 0.0209 0.015 0.0142 0.0096 0.0078 0.0068 0.0037 0.0024 0.002 0.0009
0.0924 0.0603 0.0207 0.2134 0.1319 0.0464 0.1621 0.1138 0.0426 0.089 0.0658 0.0249 0.0297 0.022 0.0078

0.0606 0.0551 0.0223 0.1319 0.1267 0.0505 0.1136 0.0988 0.0414 0.0658 0.0545 0.0225 0.0222 0.0179 0.0068
0.0214 0.0228 0.0209 0.0464 0.0505 0.054 0.0422 0.0412 0.0313 0.0249 0.0225 0.0135 0.0083 0.0072 0.0037

0.0589 0.0422 0.015 0.1621 0.1136 0.0422 0.2521 0.1621 0.0589 0.1621 0.1136 0.0422 0.0589 0.0422 0.015
0.0426 0.0357 0.0142 0.1138 0.0988 0.0412 0.1621 0.1512 0.0611 0.1138 0.0988 0.0412 0.0426 0.0357 0.0142
0.0159 0.0148 0.0096 0.0426 0.0414 0.0313 0.0589 0.0611 0.0593 0.0426 0.0414 0.0313 0.0159 0.0148 0.0096

0.0297 0.022 0.0078 0.089 0.0658 0.0249 0.1621 0.1138 0.0426 0.2134 0.1319 0.0464 0.0924 0.0603 0.0207
0.0222 0.0179 0.0068 0.0658 0.0545 0.0225 0.1136 0.0988 0.0414 0.1319 0.1267 0.0505 0.0606 0.0551 0.0223
0.0083 0.0072 0.0037 0.0249 0.0225 0.0135 0.0422 0.0412 0.0313 0.0464 0.0505 0.054 0.0214 0.0228 0.0209

0.0094 0.007 0.0024 0.0297 0.0222 0.0083 0.0589 0.0426 0.0159 0.0924 0.0606 0.0214 0.1092 0.0556 0.0168
0.007 0.0055 0.002 0.022 0.0179 0.0072 0.0422 0.0357 0.0148 0.0603 0.0551 0.0228 0.0556 0.062 0.0226

0.0024 0.002 0.0009 0.0078 0.0068 0.0037 0.015 0.0142 0.0096 0.0207 0.0223 0.0209 0.0168 0.0226 0.0353

Efectuand calculele, va rezulta matricea {F}:

1.4523

1.9645
3.4893
1.3272

1.8668

3.4519

1.1054

F 1.6902
3.3802

0.7634
1.4128
3.2642

0.3296

1.0497

3.1126

x qa2

Verificarea ecuatiilor de conditie:

[A]*{F}={B}
Ecuatia 1: (simplificand qa2)
21*F1-16*F2+2*F3-8*F4+4*F5+F7=
=21*(-1.4523) - 16*(-1.9645) + 2*(-3.4893) - 8*(-1.3272) + 4*(-1.8668) +
0*(-3.4519) + 1*(-1.1054) + 0*(-1.6902) + 0*(-3.3802) + 0*(-0.7634)+ 0*(-1.4128)+
0*(-3.2642)+ 0*(-0.3296)+ 0*(-1.0497) + 0*(-3.1126) = -3.999999999999999999882
Ecuatia 7: (simplificand qa2)
F1-8*F4+4*F5+20*F7-16*F8+2*F9-8*F10+4*F11+F13 =
=1*(-1.4523) + 0*(-1.9645)+ 0*(-3.4893) - 8*(-1.3272) + 4*(-1.8668) +
0*(-3.4519) + 20*(-1.1054) -16*(-1.6902) + 2*(-3.3802) -8*(-0.7634)+ 4*(-1.4128)+
0*(-3.2642)+1*(-0.3296)+ 0*(-1.0497) + 0*(-3.1126) = -0.007
Ecuatia 10: (simplificand qa2)
F5+2*F7-8*F8+2*F9-8*F10+21*F11-8*F12+2*F13-8*F14+2*F15 =
=0*(-1.4523) + 0*(-1.9645) + 0*(-3.4893) + 0*(-1.3272) + 1*(-1.8668) +
0*(-3.4519) + 2*(-1.1054) -8*(-1.6902) + 2*(-3.3802) -8*(-0.7634)+ 21*(-1.4128)8*(-3.2642)+2*(-0.3296)-8*(-1.0497) +2*(-3.1126) = 6.7488
Ecuatia 13: (simplificand qa2)
F7-8*F10+4*F11+21*F13-16*F14+2*F15 =
=0*(-1.4523) + 0*(-1.9645) + 0*(-3.4893) + 0*(-1.3272) + 0*(-1.8668) +
0*(-3.4519) + 1*(-1.1054) +0*(-1.6902) + 0*(-3.3802) -8*(-0.7634)+ 4*(-1.4128)0*(-3.2642)+21*(-0.3296)-16*(-1.0497) +2*(-3.1126) = 3.0

Calculul Tensiunilor in interiorul grinzii-perete

Tensiuni normale : x
2 +
(x)k = 2 , unde: Fj, Fk, Fl sunt valorile functiilor necunoscute, luate pe verticala
: =a
10 21 +1

(x)1 =

20 22 +2

(x)2 =

30 23 +3

(x)3 =

1 21 +4

(x)1 =

2 22 +5

(x)2 =

3 23 +6

(x)3 =

=
=
=

=
=
=

1.4523 2 1.5 1.4523 2

2
1.9645 2 2 1.9645 2
2

= 0.071 q

3.4893 2 3.5 3.4893 2

2

1.52 1.4523 1.3272 2

2
22 1.9645 1.8668 2
2

= 0.095 q

= 0.022 q

= 0.077 q

= 0.062 q

3.52 3.4893 3.4519 2

2

= 0.027 q

1 24 +7

(x)4 =

2 25 +8

(x)5 =

3 26 +9

(x)6 =

=
=
=

4 27 +10

(x)7 =

5 28 +11

(x)8 =

6 29 +12

(x)9 =

=
=
=

7 210 +13

(x)10 =

8 211 +14

(x)11 =

9 212 +15

(x)12 =

1.4523 2 1.3272 1.1054 2

1.9645 2 1.8668 1.6902 2

2

1.3272 2 1.1054 0.7634 2

1.8668 2 1.6902 1.4128 2

3.4519 2 3.3802 3.2642 2

2

=
=
=

12 215 +15

2
1.6902 2 1.4128 1.0497 2
2
3.3802 2 3.2642 3.1126 2
2

=
=
=

14 214 +14

(x)14 =

15 215 +15

(x)15 =

= 0.044 q

1.1054 2 0.7634 0.3296 2

13 213 +13

(x)13 =

= 0.081 q

= 0.120 q

11 214 +14

(x)15 =

= 0.034 q

(x)14 =

= 0.079 q

3.4893 2 3.4519 3.3802 2

10 213 +13

(x)13 =

= 0.097 q

0.7634 2 0.3296 + 0 2
2

=
=
=

0.3296 2 0 0.3296 2
2

= 0.086 q
= 0.036 q

= -0.104 q

1.4128 2 1.0497 0.75 2

3.2642 2 3.1126 3 2

= 0.092 q

= -0.063 q

= -0.039 q
= -0.659 q

1.0497 2 0.75 1.0497 2

2
3.1126 2 3 3.1126 2
2

= -0.599 q

= -0.225 q

Tensiuni normale : y

2 +
(y)k = +1 2 1 , unde: Fk+1, Fk, Fk-1 sunt valorile functiilor necunoscute, luate pe
orizontala
: =a
2 21 +2

(y)1 =

3 22 +1

(y)2 =

4 23 +2

(y)3 =

2 21 +2

(y)1 =

3 22 +1

(y)2 =

=
=

4 23 +2

(y)3 =

5 24 +5

(y)4 =

6 25 +4

(y)5 =

8 27 +8

(y)7 =

9 28 +7

(y)8 =

= -1.000 q
= -1.024 q
= -1.013 q

= -0.986 q
= -1.079 q

2
3.4519 2 1.8668 1.3272 2
2
62 3.4519 1.8668 2
2

= -1.045 q

= -0.963 q

1.6902 2 1.1054 + 1.6902 2

2
3.3802 2 1.6902 1.1054 2
2
62 3.3802 +1.6902 2

=
=

1.8668 2 1.3272 1.8668 2

15 214 +13

(y)14 =

62 3.5 2 2

= -1.000 q

14 213 +14

(y)13 =

62 3.4893 1.9645 2

3.52 2 1.5 2

4 212 +11

(y)12 =

= -1.000 q

3.4893 2 1.9645 1.4523 2

12 211 +10

(y)11 =

11 210 +11

(y)10 =

22 1.5 2 2

1.9645 2 1.4523 1.9645 2

4 29 +8

(y)9 =

4 26 +5

(y)6 =

=
=

= -1.170 q

= -1.033 q

= -0.930 q

1.4128 2 0.7634 1.4128 2

2
3.2642 2 1.4128 0.7634 2
2
62 3.2642 1.4128 2
2

2
3.1126 2 1.0497 0.3296 2

= -1.202 q

= -0.884 q

1.0497 2 0.3296 1.0497 2

= -1.300 q

= -1.440 q
= -1.343 q

4 215 +14

(y)15 =

62 3.1126 1.0497 2

14 213 +14

(y)13 =

15 214 +13

(y)14 =

16 215 +14

(y)15 =

0.752 0 0.75 2

2
32 0.75 0 2

2
62 3 0.75 2

= -0.825

= -1.500 q

= -1.500 q
= -0.75 q

Tensiuni tangentiale : xy
(xy)k =

1 + +1 (+1 + 1 )
4

, unde: Fj-1, Fj+1, Fl-1, Fl+1 sunt valorile functiilor

necunoscute in jurul punctului k

: = =a
(xy)1 =

2 +2 (2 +2 )
=0
4 2

(xy)2 =

3 +1 (1 +3 )

(xy)3 =

4 +2 (2 +4 )

61.9645 (1.9645 6)

4 2

4 2

4 2

2 +5 (2 +5 )

(xy)2 =

3 +4 (1 +6 )

(xy)3 =

4 +5 (2 +4 )

(xy)4 =

2 +8 (2 +8 )

(xy)5 =

3 +7 (1 +9 )

(xy)6 =

4 +8 (2 +4 )

4 2

4 2

4 2

4 2

=0 q

=0 q

=0 q
=

4 2

4 2

3.4893 1.4523 (1.4523 3.4893 )

(xy)1 =

4 2

3.5 1.3272 (1.5 3.4519 )

=0.031 q

4 2
61.8668 (2 6)
4 2

=0.033 q

=0 q
=

3.4893 1.1054 (1.4523 3.3802 )

4 2
61.6902 (1.9645 6)
4 2

10

=0.060 q

=0.069 q

(xy)7 =

5 +11 (5 +11 )

(xy)8 =

6 +10 (4 +12 )

3.4519 0.7634 ( 1.3272 3.2642 )

4 2

4 2

(xy)9 =

4 +11 (5 +4 )

4 2

4 2

=0 q
=
=

(xy)10 =

8 +14 (8 +14 )

(xy)11 =

9 +13 (7 +15 )

(xy)12 =

4 +14 (8 +4 )

(xy)13 =

4 2

4 2

4 2

61.4128 (1.8668 6)

=0 q
=
=

3.3802 0.3296 (1.1054 3.1126 )

4 2
61.0497 (1.6902 6)
4 2

4 2

(xy)14 =

12 +13 (10 +15 )

(xy)15 =

4 +14 (11 +16 )

4 2

=0.127 q

=0.160 q

=0 q
3.2642 +0 (0.7634 3)

4 2

=0.166 q

4 2

14 +14 (14 +14 )

(xy)14 =

15 +13 (13 +15 )

(xy)15 =

4 +14 (14 +16 )

4 2

4 2

=0.125 q

60.75 (1.4128 6)

(xy)13 =

4 2

=0.114 q

4 2

11 +14 (11 +14 )

4 2

=0.094 q

=0 q
=

3.1126 0.3296 (0.3296 3.1126 )

4 2
61.0497 (1.0497 6)
4 2

11

=0 q

=0 q

12

13

14