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() ng. a Zt Yat ete Gettifie methicly of Aekdsat bon Dn! fyconmendil La catcliae stand 4 anal venbronbs Abe iG ticy ca ¢ z\He 0. | ~The HO in om nett Aintovicottey ypepocscdse Co «a Lbthol de botbeged « to = eat harere fn Hyped ear nc pmeduicat ppndlib'on fra pyihs'oh the booct poduer of the Arbocd proms Pore t QO- 120 (for pystobe peru) S 68-£o (drastic pre) Hut rio oranetenate fuypeerteavrran Kece Qrrodtict mote Uvatiad The pedinn tn recs lly anny creptoors ort r'e pedounn inamocotd ath hoacke, noearePhUnet Corb uetoe quot Aatubaners » maure anol Arervaltine Pougidinct uypetenrtcn fa erre of he nike datos Jy, etrober , host otacks, Wad Joi ond tea Madina oahu Veen ca toe truatict “tthe by emeaeatnre 2 loy Be featy Ue chownaes [ich , physicot Cmtrutee , aay loss ) - Count of chrderre numot"and my judgement and'never do herm to anyoné/ To please no one yl 45 3 Iswear by Apollo2), the physician, by Aesculapius*), Hygeia’), and Pana- ceat), and I take to witness all the gods, all the goddesses, to Keep accord ing to my ability and my judgement the following Oath: Bs To consider dear to me as my parents him who taught®) me this art/to live in common with him and if necessary to share my goods with hiin7to look upon his children as my own brothers/to teach them this art if they so desire without fee or written promise#to impart to my sons and the sons of the master who taught me and/the disciples who havé enrolled themselves and have agreed to the rules of the ee but to these alone, the precepts and theinstruction../ Iwill prescribe regimhen for the good of my patients Eerie tomy ny ability prescribe a deadly drug, nor give advice which may cause his death/ Nor, Soler eeteeecrtentakce i to procure abortionyBu T will preserve! the purity of my life and my art/I will not cut for stondven for patient: in whom the disease is manifest. I-will leave this operation to be performed’. by practitioners (specialists in ‘he aeefn every house where I come I will" enter only for the good i eping myself far from all inten- tional ill-doing and ell seduction, and especially from the pleasures of love with women or with men, be they free or slaves/All that may come ; tomy knowledge in the exercise of my profession Or qutside of my pro“, fession or in daily commerce with men, which oyght not to be-spread_ abroad, I will keep seeret and will never reveals a7 ow If I keep this oath faithfully, may I enjoy my life and practice my art, respected by all men and-in'al], times, but if I swerve from it or violate~ it, may the reverse be my lot. ie : ) Notes we 4) Hippocratic [hipou’kretik] Hippocrates (hi‘ppkroti:z]t Greek ph cine, 460 (2) — 374 B.C. (bevore Christ) 2) Apollo {e’polou]: a Greek (and Roman) deity, the god of light, healing, outhfal manly beauty, ete, Ikju’leipjes]: god of healing and medicine goddess of health, daughter of Aesculapius jan, known as the father of medi- 4) Hygeie [hai’dgi ~) Panacea (pene’sio]: goddess of healing, daughter Of Aesculapius ©) taught: to teach, taught, taught 7) pessery [‘peseri]: an instrument placed into the vagina [ve’dgeina] to support the uterus, sometimes or to prevent pregnancy (for contraception — Schwangerschaftverhitturig), formerly also used to procure abortion 12 —~D Vipul i & hiakel poale prgvece a» prctelere conréole fea hile i gheukale Aapichar (“ cule alimen tata’ nobmate paw chide occorive) Ab cbogealer mentale hecluc Uber . Toate acette Mr Bone , cu amapla ReehwAn’ wu fale, 4e Het marifesbl 20 1 lin bell Lip ii he acten Lu cee olilbet metorthe at, lead GUibirea ivexpltca be aVootl rman fetta fy hebitul? bolls , OW inbe 0 whe ¢ bral chorea imouta bila, ahificl Le Contacte t dale ita comp lorie ne BULB, Cae Thebuie adloptate , phivevel educalld Bere deported dlicdelye , micate fyiva Conbuclater , Soph Japon cu pias Labdiovageals’ reba Magdreveg beat Ley guinea ” wah teriale, Baa dtakijicle me ~ Ce tell AAS mercdu - rule dickekice La $f abet, ndlfetent he frome’UNIT 7 PART! - THE HEART. The heart is 2 powerful hollow muscle which con pumps blood arourd the body. it is pear-shaped, about the size of a fist and weighs approximately 230 grams.-It ts logatéa ih’ the chest, between the-right and left ‘lung. Tts narrowersendy/which is called the apex; is pointed downward and to the left. ° 1.” The wall ofthe heart consists of three layers: the peri- cardium, the ‘myocardium and the endocardium. Any~inflammation of * these tissues leads to the diseases named after them, as pericar~ Gitis, myocarditis and endocarditis. : = : The interior of the-heart is divided longitudinally into two parts, each part containing two chambers. ‘The posterior chamber is called the atrium and the anterior chamber is the ventricle. The atria lie above the ventricles. The heart is a very delicate organ and chore = diseases related to it. The most frequent ones are heart fails congenital heart diseases, heart block, heart murmur, pulmonary heart disease, cardiac neurosis and coronaly artery disease. NOTES: chest - prsa; grudi; grudni kos lungs = pluéa chamber - Supljina ventricle - komora atrium - pretkomora; atria - pretkomore heart. failure - popuStanje rada srca heart murmur - Sum na srcu Most classical nouns retain their classical plural Singdlar Plural ANALYSIS. . ANALYSES. wPRIUM ATRIA BACILLUS BACILLISTRESS Stress is your bodys physical and psychological response to anything you perceive as overwhelming. This may be viewed as a res life’s demands, pleasant or unpleasant, and your lack of resources to meet them. When stressed, your body creates extra energy to protect itself. Thi additional energy cannot be destroyed. If not used, it creates an imbalance within your system. Somehow the energy must be channeled into respor to regain a balance. Stress is caused by the body’s instinct to defend itself. This instinct is good in emergencies, such as getting out of the way of a speeding car. B can cause physical symptoms if it goes on for too long, such as in resp to life’s daily challenges and changes. When this happens, its as though your body gets ready to jump out of the way of the car, but you'te sitting still. Your body is working overtime. with no place to put all the extra energy. This can make you feel anxi afraid, worried and uptight. Stress is a natural part of your life, a common experience. Witho’ some stress you would lose your energy for living. You will thrive certain amounts; but too much or too little stress will limit y effectiveness. Ideally, you find your optimal level of stress ~ the balance at which you are most motivated. No one really knows if there is more stress now than in the past, but many experts believe it has become more pervasive. Stress is now known to be a major contributor, either directly or indifectly, to coronary heart disease, cancer, lung ailments, accidental injuries, ‘cirrhosis of the liver and suicide - six of the leading causes of death all over the world. Stress also plays a role in aggravating such diverse conditions as multiple sclero diabetes, genital herpes and even trench mouth. While stress might have once taken the form of an occasional calamity, it is now a chronic, relentless psychosocial situation. Whether or not daily stresses and hassles do more damage than life-change events may, in the final analysis, be a moot point, A single event can cause smaller changes that touch every aspect of existence. orce, for example is not an isolated event. It is accompanied by some social isolation, a red income and the problems of being a single parent. These become the c! strains of life. ious,Far more important than the trials how one deals with them. Psychologists factors that seem to be hopeful in copin; being in control of one’s life, having a provide social support and such persor hopefulness. ‘There have been many efforts to re programmes attempt to do, however, is should they. It is believed that stress is "t catching a ride on an ocean wave, seeing all can unleash the same stress hormones sending the blood pressure soaring and cau But who among us would give them up? positive and pleasurable thing”, says nev productivity in the human race." In one of his latest semipopular scientist who studied stress response, the adaptation syndrome G-A-S or stress syndr in life is not to avoid stress. “Stress is part ¢ all our activities/ there is no more justific: shunning food, exercise, or love.” The se their optimum stress-quotient and avoid adaptation energy. From his analysis of str and himself, Dr. Selye evolved this motto: Fight always for the highest But never put up resistance i (Adapted from: “M “MD Me: we g and tribulations in one’s life point to a number of persona Among them are the sense of etwork of friends or family to ality factors as flexibility and uce stress but what no treatm: 2 eliminate stress entirely. Nor e spice of life". Falling in love, great performance of Hamlet - as do less uplifting experiences, ‘ing the heart to palpitate mad] ‘A certain amount of stress is a ‘ochemist Barchas. "It leads. to rooks, Hans Selye, a cana author of the so calied gene: ome, emphasizes that man’s flifefit is a natural byproduct of ion for avoiding stress than for ret is for everyone to discover situations that overtax innate ss in animals, in his colleagues. ian ttainable aim. vain. sdical News”, sept. 20, 1985 and ical Newsmagazine, New York)UNIT 13 PART I - THE THYROID GLAND The thyroid £ the most significant of the Its secretion, thyroxine,is responsible for the endocrine gland! ulation of growth and metabolism in general. A child born with ent thyroid act mentally an idiot. The insuffic an insuff ity becomes physically undergrown an¢ ent amount of thyroxine in later © causes physical and mental dulling. Excessive thyroid acti- on the other hand, produces general restlessness, makes the beat faster and may have other unwanted effects. The thyroid gland also secretes calcitonin, which plays of calcium metabolism. @ part in the regulatio 01 The thyroid gland lies in the part of the throat along the windpipe, and weighs between 20 and 25 g. The th: ible to many diseases, among wh ‘oid is susc: © most common omis simple goitre, usually due to a lack of iodine The thyroid can a tumors of lesser or greater lignancy and by a number of infectious diseases. NOTES: endocrine glands ¢ Z1jezde sa unutrainjim luéenjem exocrine glands #Eijezde sa spoljainjim luéenjem ) goitre - gu’avost quid marked stare - ukoéen pogled . etner: the thyroxine 1s involved in est ghe calcitonin is responsible forPART Il - HYPOTHYROIDISM Doctor: Good morning Mrs. Miles. What seems to be the trouble? Mrs. Miles: Oh, doctor, I’ve been feeling so depressed lately Besides, I find it extremely difficult to concentrate on anything. Doctor: How long have you been feeling like this? Mrs. Miles: For about a month; and I don“t seem to have any streng h left. 1 often get short of breath without any particular reason. Doctor: Do you have any chest pain? (fijay Mrs. Miles: No. Doctor: You seem to be a little overweicht, mrs. Miles. Mrs. Miles: Yes, and I’ve even put on more weight recently. Doctor: Do you find yourself drinking more water than usual? Mrs. Miles: No. Doctor: Are you bowel movements regular? Mrs. Milds: No, T have to use laxatives but even so I have bowel movements every third day. Doctor: Do you have any aching in the limbs? Mrs. Miles: Yes, and n ankles often get swollen especially in the evening, y Doctor: It’s been very cold recently. Has it affected you in any way? Mrs. Miles: Oh,“I can“t stand this weather. I’ve always hated cold weather. I feel at my best ‘in summer. Doctor: Have you noticed any changes related to your hair, nails or skin? Mrs. Miles: My hair has become rather dry and I use special shampoos but they dén“t seem to help a lot, Doctor: Has anyone in your family had similar complaints? Mrs. Miles: No, I don“t think so. Doctor: All right, Mrs. Miles. We shall have to examine you now and do some tests. Then we shall be able to help you. Mrs, Miles: Will the testsbe painful, doctor? Doctor: No. Now just relax and everything will be all right 126UNIT 17 PART I - APPENDICITIS to six inches long which projects from the large bowel, lower right quarter of the abdomen. Infection and inflammation of the appendix are potent ritone ly serious because the infection may spread to the ¢ membraneous tissue which lines the abdomen, Acut peritoniti or inflammation of the peritoneum, is a grave development and be fatal unless treated promptly. Appendicitis usually begins with a sick feelii panied by nausea, lack of appetite, and at first a rather 4: abdominal soreness, Vomiting may occur, and a rise in temper is likely. Gradually the pain tends to concentrate on the rig side of the abdomen below thé navel and the muscles in that re- gion tighten when pressed in examination. Symptoms indicative of appendicitis can actually ari from nothing more serious than accumulation of gas or solid in a part of the bowel. However, ordinarily these symptoms disar pear with elimination from the bowel, If they persist, the doctor t. xamination of the blood will should be promptly consulted. He will determine whether or n appendicitis has actually occurred. usually show abnormal numbers of white cells if the appendix is infected. Diagnosis is not alwaySeasy because of the variety of fficulties which may manifest similar symptoms Because of the danger presented by an inflamed appendix surgery is a common and ‘satisfactory means of eliminating the cp dition. Appendectomy is so completely standardized that recovery Jill usually be normal, if the operation takes place before the appendix ruptures. (From: THE NEW ILLUS MEDICAL AND HEAT! Ed.by Morris Fishbein,