Eng Work PDF

BIBLIOGRAFIE
1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică

şi Enciclopedică.
2. Budai, László. 1997. Gramatica engleză. Teorie şi exerciţii. Bucureşti:
Teora.
3. Chiţoran, D., Panovf, I., Poenaru, I. 1995. English Grammar. Exercises.
Bucureşti: Teora.
4. Gălăţeanu-Fârnoagă, G. 1996. Sinteze de gramatică engleză. Bucureşti :
Ed. Lucman.
5. Murar, I., Pisoschi, C., Trantescu, A. M.. 2005. Essentials of English
Syntax. The Simple Sentence. Craiova: Ed. Universitaria.
6. Paidos, C. 2001. English Grammar. Theory and Practice. Iaşi: Polirom.
7. Vince, M. 2002. Advanced Language Practice. Macmillan.
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UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA
FACULTATEA DE LITERE
ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNT LA DISTANŢĂ
PROGRAMA ANALITICĂ
Disciplina: Curs practic: Exerciţii gramaticale
Specializarea: Română- Engleză
Anul II, Semestrul I
Titularul disciplinei: lector dr. Ana-Maria Trantescu
I. OBIECTIVELE DISCIPLINEI:
Cursul practic îşi propune:
 aprofundarea, sistematizarea şi lărgirea cunoştinţelor dobândite la cursul de
sintaxa propoziţiei prin exerciţii focalizate pe probleme majore de sintaxă:
tipuri de propoziţii, grupul nominal, grupul verbal, grupul adjectival;
 dezvoltarea deprinderilor practice de exprimare scrisă şi orală în limba engleză
prin tipuri cât mai variate de exerciţii (de transformare, substituire, completare
şi parafrazare, traduceri etc.);
 însuşirea structurilor tipice propoziţiei engleze şi sporirea volumului
vocabularului studenţilor prin respectarea consecventă a principiului gradaţiei
în prezentarea exerciţiilor.
II. TEMATICA CURSULUI:

1. Sentence Types
2. The Noun Phrase
a. The Structure of the NP
b. The Functions of the NP
- The Subject
- The Object
- The Predicative
- The Predicative Adjunct
- The Apposition
3. The Verb Phrase
3.1. The Structure of the VP
3.2. The Function of the VP: the Predicate.
3.3. Subject – Predicate Concord
4. Passive Constructions
5. Adverbial Modifiers
6. Complex Constructions
III. EVALUAREA STUDENŢILOR:

Forma de evaluare: verificare
IV. BIBLIOGRAFIE GENERALĂ:

şi Enciclopedică.
Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.
Lect. univ. dr. Ana-Maria Trantescu
2
CURS PRACTIC – EXERCIŢII GRAMATICALE
ANUL II
ROMÂNĂ - ENGLEZĂ
SEMESTRUL I
Lect. univ. dr. ANA MARIA TRANTESCU
3
TEMATICA CURSULUI:
1. Sentence Types
2. The Noun Phrase
a. The Structure of the NP
b. The Functions of the NP
- The Subject
- The Object
- The Predicative
- The Predicative Adjunct
- The Apposition
3. The Verb Phrase
3.1. The Structure of the VP
3.2. The Function of the VP: the Predicate.
3.3. Subject – Predicate Concord
4. Passive Constructions
5. Adverbial Modifiers
6. Complex Constructions
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică şi

Enciclopedică.
2. Budai, László. 1997. Gramatica engleză. Teorie şi exerciţii. Bucureşti: Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
4. Gălăţeanu-Fârnoagă, G. 1996. Sinteze de gramatică engleză. Bucureşti : Ed.
Lucman.
5. Murar, I., Pisoschi, C., Trantescu, A. M.. 2005. Essentials of English Syntax.
The Simple Sentence. Craiova: Ed. Universitaria.
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UNITATEA 1. Types of Sentences
Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili:

1. Să identifice tipurile de propziţii.
2. Să folosească corect pronumele şi adjectivele nehotărâte şi negative în propoziţiile
interogative şi negative.
3. Să identifice tipurile de propoziţii interrogative.
Timp de studiu : 4 ore.
Exercise 1. The following sentences are from The Honorary Consul by Graham Greene.
In each case identify the sentence form, then suggest their communicative function.
1. You have to come.
2. What about a game of chess?
3. Don't worry!
4. I'm surprised to see you.
5. What blunderers you are!
6. She can't be his wife, surely?
7. I wouldn't drink whisky if I were you.
8. Come up and have a glass.
9. Who are you?
10. Surely you had somebody on the watch?
Exercise 2. Identify the following sentence forms and their functions. Then rewrite the
sentence in another sentence form which carries the same communication meaning.
1. Forgive my rudeness yesterday.
2. I was trying to remember your name.
3. I wish you wouldn't shout.
4. What a clever girl you are!
5. That's a brilliant idea.
6. I trust you don't mind if I smoke.
7. Go ahead.
8. How warm it is today!
9. Isn't that amazing?
10. How are you?
Exercise 3. Indicate whether the following sentences are: declarative, interrogative,

imperative or exclamatory:
1. They met Ann by chance in the street. 2. Will you read the letter, please? 3. What has
become of them? 4. How happy she looks! 5. Don't ever say that again! 6. What did the
man say? 7. I really enjoyed the show very much. 8. What a good piece of news this is! 9.
Peter was given a brand new bicycle. 10. How angry Tom was! 11. Have you got any
stamps left? 12. That's really very nice of you! 13. Would you like another piece of cake?
14. It's really quite a bargain! 15. Let's start everything anew! 16. The dog kept us awake
all night. 17. Who could advise me on this matter? 18. See you soon. 19. Hurry up! The
train is leaving in a minute. 20. He has just come. 21. Hasn't he changed! 22. Would you
open the door, please?
Exercise 4. Translate into English the following imperative and exclamatory sentences:
1. Vezi dacă poţi găsi cartea aceea! 2. Nu-ţi cheltui toată energia la începutul cursei! 3.
Ascultă-mă! 4. Ce ploaie! 5. Fereşte-ţi capul! 6. Ce idee bună! 7. Nu pune mâna acolo! 8.
Deschide uşa, te rog! 9. Să nu faci niciodată aşa ceva! 10. Ce nume caraghios! 11. Doar
câteva cuvinte, vă rog! 12. În nici un caz să nu accepţi! 13. Să o lăsăm singură! 14. Dacă
ar fi posibil! 15. Noroc! 16. Ce păcat! 17. Condu-l până la gară!
Exercise 5. Point out what type of sentences there are in the following sentences and
extracts (simple unextended, simple extended, compound, complex or elliptical
sentences):
a) 1. I got here yesterday. 2. Peter promised that he would let us know when he arrived
there. 3. She entered, locked the door and sat down. 4. Birds fly. 5. Jane asked Tom
again why he didn't go into the country, as it would do him a lot of good. 6. He is old
but he is still a very healthy man. 7. "Got a light for me, Bill?" "No".
b) An hour passed. The pale light of the short, sunless day was beginning to fade. A cry
arose. The man in front turned his head. He looked at the man behind. They nodded
to each other. A second cry arose. It was a wolf. Henry looked up. It was dark. He
saw a pair of eyes, then a second pair, and a third. The dogs were afraid. Bill could
not sleep. He saw the shining eyes quite near. (J. London)
c) Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle Henry, who was a
farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer's wife. Their house was small, for the
lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles...
When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around she could see nothing but the
great gray prairie on every side. Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat
country that reached the edge of the sky in all directions. (Frank Baum)
Exercise 6. Turn the following simple unextended sentences into simple extended
sentences by adding some secundary parts of the sentence:
1. Richard has arrived. 2. He is unpacking. 3. His friends have come. 4. He is tired. 5.
They leave. 6. They do not stay. 7. It is growing dark. 8. They shake hands. 9. The boys
will meet. 10. Do they talk? 11. They came. 12. Mrs. Johnson is speaking. 13. I work. 14.
It's raining. 15. They live. 16. We agreed. 17. Paul is driving. 18. I don't understand.
ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES
Exercise 1. Point out all the elliptical sentences and state what part of the sentence is
missing in each case:
1. “Glad to see you home, and hope you have been keeping well”. (D. Maurier)
2. “Got a cigar, Root?” “No.” (J. Steinbeck)
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3. “Sorry to be late again”, he said. “Nobody was at home – Soames in London, Anette
at a garden party. (J. Galsworthy)
4. “How are you?” he asked me. “Fine”, I said. (E. Hemingway)
5. Just at sunset, the air turned cold and sky cloudy. (Ch. Brontë)
6. “Why do you come here?” “For winter sport.” (E. Hemingway)
7. “There were flowers in the dining room, flowers in the library.” (D. Maurier)
8. “You have told no one I’m here?” he asked abruptly. “Not a soul.” (H. G. Wells)
9. Morning room in Algernon’s flat in Half-Moon Street.(O. Wilde)
10. You must be on your guard against her; you must shun her example; if necessary
avoid her company. (Ch. Brontë)
11. “Couldn’t you be a little bit late today?” “No, I couldn’t.” (A. Saxton)
12. When tired of the occupation, I would retire from the stairhead to the solitary and
silent nursery. (Ch. Brontë)
13. “Are you scared, Thomas?” “Of course, I am.” (G. Greene)
14. “Did you understand me?” “I think I did.” (A. Saxton)
15. She had found out she wasn’t scared. No more than Patricia was. (D. Carter)
16. “Do you know, when I said good night and went away, I was almost arrested?”
“Arrested?” (J. London)
17. “Somebody gave it to him.” “Somebody?” “You.” (Th. Hardy)
18. Some of them were getting laid off, the way Pa had been. (D. Carter)
19. “How old are you?” “Seventeen, Sir.” “And what’s your name?” “Megan David.” (J.
Galsworthy)
Exercise 2. Point out all the one member sentences in the following examples:
1. A beautiful day, quite warm. (J. Galsworthy)
2. A distant flash, a low rumble, and large drops of rain spattered on the thatch above
him. (J. Galsworthy)
3. She went out into the hall and listened. No sound! (J. Galsworthy)
4. A footstep on the stairs and now the door was slowly opened. (Ch. Dickens)
5. My school days! The silent gliding on my existence – the unseen, unfelt progress of
my life – from childhood up to youth. (Ch. Dickens)
6. Not one little sound of beast or bird or tree; not one bee humming! (J. Galsworthy)
7. But the eyes of them! The cold, red and often wet hands! (Th. Dreiser)
Exercise 3. Point out which sentences are elliptical and which are one member sentences
in the following examples:
1. The night dark, the wind high and the rain pouring in torrents.
2. “The work is done, the books put away.” “Really?”
3. The air is pure and fresh, the sun is bright and the sky blue.
4. First come, first served.
5. “Have you ever been in Italy?” “Never.”
6. “Waiter, another bottle of wine.” “Red or white?” “White.”
7. I know for sure that he works more than I.
8. What a day! Rain, rain. November rain.
9. He is as old as Oscar’s son.
10. “Thomas Gradgrind, sir. A man of realities. A man of facts and calculation.”
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11. “See you tonight.” “Bye-bye.”
12. “What time is it?” “Four o’clock.” “Thank you!”
13. Nobody in the room, nobody on the terrace.
14. Good-bye. See you tomorrow.
15. “When will you write to him?” “Tomorrow.”
16. “Will you do it?” “I’ll try.”
17. “Coffee, sir?” “Yes, please.”
18. “Do you speak German?” “Yes, I do, a little.”
19. “Any more fares, please?”
20. “I’ll send you the books.” “When?”
21. What if I refuse to answer?
22. Your name and address, please.
23. “Who answered the question?” “John.”
24. “Did you know it?” “Yes.”
25. Sorry! I didn’t nottice it.
26. A beautiful day, quite warm. The garden, an old-fashioned one, full of roses. Time of
year, July.
27. “I’ll send you a word tomorrow.” “Shall be delighted.”
28. “Glad to meet you.”
Exercise 4. Supply the words necessary to express each idea fully:

1. Full up! 2. Seats on top. 3. Two cups of coffee, please. 4. Wait! 5. Oh, yes! 6. Just a
moment! 7. No talking! 8. Ridiculous. 9. Keep left. 10. Anything else? 11. This way,
please. 12. Never mind. 13. Many happy returns of the day! 14. How much? 15.
Welcome!
Exercise 5. Provide questions to which the following might be replies:

1. Yes, please. 2. No, thank you. 3. A quarter to three. 4. Red, please. 5. On Thursday
next. 6. Two, please. 7. On October 18th. 8. Not at all. 9. Thick, please. 10. A pound and a
half. 11. Yesterday week.
NEGATION
Exercise 1. In the following quotations from The Human Factor by Graham Greene,
identify the sentence type and the methods of making them negative.
1. For God's sake, Emmanuel, don't do anything rash.

2. Don't you get damned lonely sometimes in this outfit?
3. And they never come home until evening.
4. But no one knows I'm here.
5. The face showed no indication of pain.
6. There is nothing one can ever do, is there?
7. That hardly explained the sense of emptiness.
8. No, no, don't worry dear.
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9. Neither of them could see the pavement.
10. No, I suppose not.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences, moving the negative to the place marked by
an asterisk, and comment on any change of meaning.
1. We were not taught * to notice such things.
2. I should not hope *.
3. You never can * tell.
4. When you arrived was * he not alive?
5. They are * still not married.
6. She * tried hard not to be attractive to men.
7. * By chance they didn't go out.
8. Not a single man could * understand the situation.
9. That's not a statement * to be repeated.
10. I won't give it to you for * anything.
Exercise 3. Give two negative answers to the following questions according to the model:
MODEL: Did you meet any of your friends at the party?
No, I didn't meet any of them.
No, I met none of them.
1. Are there any chairs in the room?
2. Has he/ does he have any relatives in Bucharest?
3. Did you write any letters to your parents?
4. Do you see any sheets of paper on my writing table?
5. Have you brought anyone with you?
6. Did you see anybody in the street?
7. Did he ask for anything to drink?
8. Did you go anywhere else besides London?
9. Have you visited anything else this summer?
10. Will you accept any suggestions for your paper?
11. Will they ask any questions after the speech tomorrow?
12. Did you see any of your colleagues at the festival?
13. Did you send any cards to your brothers?
14. Would you bring any friends at the party?
Exercise 4. Agree with a negative statement by using a special question tag with a falling
stress. No question mark is required.
MODEL: The students won't miss the lecture.
No, they won't, will they.
1. He hasn't eaten anything today.
2. They haven't caught a single fish.
3. Cuckoos don't build nests.
4. She hasn't won the prize.
5. It wasn't far from home.
6. His information is not always accurate.
7. He doesn't know the way very well.
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8. He is not young any longer.
9. He doesn't understand English.
10. They didn't enjoy the party.
11. I didn't like him at all.
12. Nick can't read English books in the original.
13. She is not old enough for that.
Exercise 5. Replace the negative forms of the indefinite pronouns in the following
sentences according to the model:
1. He said he needed nobody to help him. 2. I have nothing against it. 3. I had nothing to
do with your problems. 4. Nobody knows the answer. 5. They will do nothing for
money. 6. Have you got nothing else to do? 7. He blamed nobody / no one for it. 8.
She likes nobody. 9. We had done nothing out of the ordinary.
Exercise 6. Change the following sentences into the negative by using a non-assertive or
a negative pronoun, according to the model:
1. There was some food left in the fridge. 2. I have some problems. 3. I need some help.
4. The children made some noise. 5. We have some time to waste. 6. I trust someone. 7.
There was someone in the office. 8. She can find somebody who knows about it. 9. He
found something there. 10. Ellis saw something interesting at the supermarket. 11.
Mother made some cakes.
Exercise 7. Negate the verb in the following sentences:

1. She has to be there tomorrow. 2. They have to work on Saturday. 3. Mary has a new
dress. 4. I had a very good journey. 5. I have a lot of English lessons now. 6. Open the
door. 7. She used to play tennis when she was younger. 8. You must pay that fine. 9. You
may smoke in the child's room. 10. They will visit London this year. 11. That must be his
cousin over there. 12. You must see that film: it is extraordinary! 13. You must cross the
street. 14. She is sure about this.
Exercise 8. Give the negative counterparts of the sentences below; make all the necessary
changes paying attention to indefinite pronouns, conjunctions and adverbs:
1. He has already finished his task.
2. The shop is still open.
3. It is still raining.
4. She managed to find something appropriate somewhere else.
5. He could answer some of the questions on the subject.
6. There are some letters for me.
7. Some students have done well in the exam.
8. "I have spoken to the Dean". "So have I".
9. Peter knows some English and so does John.
10. Both of them took part in the competition.
11. John has also come.
12. Daddy drinks a lot of coffee now, and he always used to.
13. I nearly always have to do it myself.
14. It's a long time since we last saw them.
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15. He lives a long way from his friend.
16. He did too many exercises yesterday.
17. John will arrive before midnight.
18. Both of them needed help.
19. He ate too many chocolates yesterday.
20. I will get there before noon.
21. Many people can sing and dance.
22. He is already an expert on the subject.
Exercise 9. Give the affirmative counter parts of the following negative sentences:
1. No one of that name ever workes in our office.
2. I have not got much spare time.
3. Scarcely anybody expected him to get there until midnight.
4. No one must smoke in the child's room.
5. She couldn't have been gone long.
6. John can't have done it.
7. Ann isn't young anymore.
8. Hardly does anyone know the truth.
9. The baby can neither walk nor talk.
Exercise 10. Rewrite the following using hardly or scarcely according to the model:
1. I have never been on friendly terms with Mary.
2. The engine driver could see almost nothing through the fog.
3. I did not quite know what she meant.
4. You can't expect her to smile to you after what you said.
5. He almost never comes to class on time.
6. I almost never agree to her.
7. He almost never pays us visits.
8. You can't expect me to believe you after all your lies.
Exercise 11. Make a negative statement by adding neither, nor or not... either. This
addition requires an inversion of the subject of the sentence and the auxiliary. The
addition can be used to complete somebody else's remark or one's own statement:
MODEL: "I don't like this play." "Neither do I/ Nor do I/ I don't like this play either/
You don't like this play and neither do I."
1. The food wasn't bad (drink).
2. They needn't pay for their entrance (you).
3. Harry didn't drink his tea in the morning (Mary).
4. Tom didn't find his fountain pen (his classmate).
5. I cannot believe him (she).
6. My brother never misses a tennis match (I).
7. He oughtn't to tease her about being fat (you).
8. I won't tell you anything (she).
9. He can't go there uninvited (I).
10. I couldn't remember his address (she).
11. I'm not a bad boy (my brother).
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12. I have never had anything in common with him (my friend).
13. We won't go the seaside this summer (our friends).
14. We didn't go to the mountains last summer (our relatives).
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into Romanian:

1. Not a single word did Peggotty speak (Ch. Dickens).
2. Not a hint, however, did she drop about sending me to school (Ch. Brontë).
3. Never had I seen a face so happy, sweet and radiant (J. Braine).
4. No where was she to be seen (Ch. Dickens).
5. Not one minute all that night did Ann sleep (J. Galsworthy).
Exercise 13. Emphasize the underlined words by placing them first in the sentence:
1. I didn't realize how ill he was until I visited him.

2. I wouldn't doubt his integrity for one moment.
3. Such a situation should never again be allowed to arise.
4. We dropped no hint about the state of her health.
5. The whole truth didn't become known until many years later.
6. The back of this radio should under no circumstances be removed unless the set has
first been disconnected at the mains.
7. I didn't realize how selfish she was until I needed her help.
8. I will never forget what you have done for me.
Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences into English without using negative
words:
1. Nu prea ştiam unde mă aflu. 2. Nu avem decât foarte puţin timp la dispoziţie. 3. Nu
este cu putinţă. 4. La serată ea aproape că nu a scos un cuvânt. 5. Închide ferestrele ca să
nu intre muştele. 6. Nu ştiu ce să fac. 7. Arcaşul nu lovi în ţintă. 8. N-ai putea ajunge la
timp decât cu trenul de trei. 9. El este singurul care nu a fost de acord. 10. Nu mai vorbiţi
atât de mult! 11. Nu am decât o soră. 12. Nu te superi dacă deschid puţin geamul? 13.
Nu-i trebuie decât un sfert de oră ca să ajungă la Universitate. 14. E multă vreme de când
nu l-am văzut. 15. Nu-mi place nici vinul nici berea. 16. Nici unul din ei nu a reuşit la
examen. 17. N-ai putea termina la timp decât folosind acest procedeu. 18. Nu mai faceţi
atâta zgomot! 19. Mă tem să nu vină. 20. Nu mai ninge. 21. Nici unul nu trebuie să
accepte dacă nu vrea. 22. Nimeni n-a spus nimic despre asta nimănui. 23. Nu mai vorbesc
cu tine dacă nu-ţi ceri scuze. 24. N-am fost nici la film nici la teatru. 25. Nu s-a plâns
niciodată de munca lui şi nici nu cred că se va plânge vreodată. 26. Nimeni nu era acolo
şi nu se întâmplase nimic deosebit.
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INTERROGATION
Exercise 1. Identify the functions of the following interrogatives as advice, command,

disbelief, exclamation, social introduction, invitation, offer, request, statement or
suggestion.
1. A Peer of the Realm! Who'd have prophesied that ... in the days of yore?
2. I didn't know you kept a diary, Sillers?
3. Will you put the kettle on?
4. Won't you have some tea?
5. Shall we go back?
6. Can I give anyone a lift?
7. Isn't that smart?
8. Why don't you see a doctor?
9. Would you oblige me by removing your hat?
10. I don't know whether you've met Odo Stevens, Bernard?
Exercise 2. Change the following questions into indirect speech reflecting, wherever
possible, the type of question:
1. "Was not that the case?"
2. "You gave the price he demanded?"
3. "Aren't you clever?"
4. "I hated it and who wouldn't?"
5. "You're always doing it, aren't you?"
6. "Who did you see?"
Exercise 3. State the type of the questions below:

a. 1. "Can you lend me some money?" "What do you want it for?"
2. "Alec won't help." "And why won't he?"
3. Am I going to break the news to Mrs. Hopper or are you? he said. (D. du Maurier)
4. What train are you going home by?
5. Don't you want to eat something?
6. You won't mind my doing so, will you?
7. "I had the bill sent to your wife." "You had it sent to who?"
8. "I'm going to Bucharest tomorrow." "Are you, indeed?"
9. What glorious roses! Aren't they a picture?
10. "Have you finished?" "Have I finished, did you say?"
11. "He has married at last." "He's what?"
12. "I'll call on them personally." "But when, for heaven's sake?"
13. Are you leaving tonight?
14. How did you get here?
15. How many friends have you got there?
16. Where were you an hour ago?
17. "Is she angry with me?" "Angry with you?"
b. Higgins: "What's the matter? Anything wrong?"
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Liza: "Nothing wrong - with you. I've won your bet for you, haven't I? I don't matter,
I suppose."
Higgins: "You won my bet! You! Presumptuous insect! I won it. What did you throw
those slippers at me for?"
Liza: "Because I wanted to smash your face. You thank God it's all over, and that you
can throw me back again in the gutter, do you?" (G. B. Shaw)
Exercise 4. Ask a question about the given topic:

Example: age - How old are you?
name; spelling of name; date of birth; weather; other languages; transportation to school;
spare time activities and interest.
Exercise 5. Make a yes/no question for each of the sentences below according to the
model:
MODEL: They can stay there.
Can they stay there?
1. She stays there. 2. He's staying there. 3. She will stay there. 4. She's going to stay
there. 5. They stayed there. 6. They should stay there. 7. John has stayed there.
Exercise 6. Make questions for the given answers:

MODEL: Does he live in London? Yes, he lives in London.
1. ...Yes, she took the bus. 2. ...Yes, he wants to come. 3. ...Yes, John and Steve went
home. 4. ...Yes, she can speak English. 5. ...Yes, they were invited to the party. 6. ...Yes,
I have met his wife. 7. ...Yes, I heard the news broadcast. 8. ...Yes, I have read today's
paper. 9. ...Yes, I would like to go on a picnic. 10. ...No, I'm not waiting for Jane. 11.
...No, I didn't answer all the questions.
Exercise 7. Form special questions using who, what, why, etc. based on the following
sentences:
1. Yesterday Mary was late for school because it was raining hard. (when, who, why)
2. My brother is very fond of thrillers because he says they read easily. (who, what,
why)
3. I accept the invitation most gladely because the soloist will play beautifully at the
concert tomorrow. (what, how, why, where, when)
4. The play reads better than it acts. (what, how)
5. My girlfriend, whom I'm going to marry, says women's clothes cost hundreds of
dollars. (who, which, what, how much)
Exercise 8. Ask questions to which the following statements might be the answer. The
point of the question is underlined:
1. I'm buying this book for my brother.
2. She is a very pretty woman.
3. I have known him since 1970.
4. I think that he did it.
5. I gave him the book.
14
6. He comes to London about once a month.
7. My room is four metres by five.
8. This magnifying glass is for counting stamp perforations.
9. Mary lives about five miles away.
10. He fell about fifty feet down the mountain.
11. They have postponed the trip because of the weather.
12. The bridge is built of reinforced concrete.
13. He earns about twenty five pounds a week.
14. It takes four hours to get there.
15. "Deceitful" means dishonest.
16. He went this way, not that way.
17. These are John's books.
18. He is friendly, generous and kind-hearted.
19. He is tall, thin and has short black hair.
20. I like rock music.
21. I want the felt-tip pen not the ballpoint.
22. He is looking for a new job.
23. The weather is hot in July.
24. The child is playing in the park.
25. I visit him once a week.
Exercise 9. Turn the following sentences into the interrogative. Pay attention to the
change of some and its compounds:
1. John was conscious that someone was there.
2. He lent his book to someone.
3. Somebody told him that there was to be a race.
4. Bertram met someone who told him something about the meeting.
5. I want some more coffee, please.
6. The doctor said that you must take some rest.
7. There is something I can do about it.
8. There was someone at home when he called.
9. I have dropped my pencil somewhere on the floor.
10. He will go to the hospital with someone.
11. My friend used to lend me some of his best novels.
Exercise 10. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of have.
1. How many sides ... a pentagon?
2. You ... a good journey yesterday?
3. You ... children?
4. English people always .... roast beef for lunch?
5. ... you a match on you?
6. How did you damage your car? ... you an accident?
7. What time ... you breakfast?
Exercise 11. Use question tags to express sarcasm or to make incredulous comments on
the statements below:
15
MODEL: Do as I say, I'm giving orders here.
Oh, you are, are you?
1. I'd rather give up the whole project than take you as partner.
2. We all think you are utterly wrong.
3. I'm awfully sorry.
4. We want you to do things our way.
5. I will never accept it.
6. I don't believe a word you say.
7. There was nothing else I could do, really.
Exercise 12. Rewrite the following sentences using the form with else:
1. For what other reason would he fear the police?
2. What other person asked you that question?
3. In what other way could I make him understand?
4. If this isn't yours what other person's can it be?
5. At what other time could I do it?
6. For what other purpose could I use this?
Exercise 13.
a. Change the sentences below using more polite forms like would you mind/ do you
mind.
1. Lend me some money! 2. Read the instructions! 3. Tell Robert I wish to see him. 4.
Ask Helen to come to my office! 5. Ring me back this afternoon! 6. Come back in an
hour's time!
b. Replace the direct request by forms containing Do you mind if:

1. May I borrow your dictionary for a short while? 2. May I call on you sometime later in
the week? 3. May I ask you a question? 4. May I interrupt you? 5. May I seat here and
wait for you?
Exercise 14. Convert the following questions into indirect questions:

1. When does the performance begin? (I don't know)
2. Is the book worth reading? (I wonder)
3. Did he come on Monday or on Tuesday? (I don't remember)
4. Why didn't he keep his appointment? (tell me)
5. What time did John come back yesterday? (Mary wondered)
6. Who was that man in old-fashioned clothes? (My friend couldn't recognize)
7. When are we going to start on our trip? (the students wonder)
8. Could you manage it or not? (the old friend inquired)
9. What are they going to do with me? (Looking at the boys and at Fagin, Oliver Twist
wondered)
10. When did you buy this fancy car? (he asked)
11. How old is she? (my friend asked)
16
IMPERATIVES
Exercise 1. Here are ten quotations from The Watchers on the Shore by Stan Barstow. All
are imperatives, but none has the function of giving a command. Suggest the function of
each sentence:
1. Excuse me, Miss Pennyman.
2. Let me help you with this lot, Albert.
3. Come on, let’s go help ourselves.
4. Don’t say anything to my mother or anybody, will you?
5. Take it easy.
6. Don’t forget to put your clocks back.
7. Don’t take any notice of your mother, Vic.
8. Here, listen to this.
9. Give my love to Yorkshire.
10. Go on with you.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences in two different indirect ways:

1. “Stop talking”, she told us.
2. I suggested, “Let them have a go”.
3. “Stop there”, I shouted.
4. “Do invite Charles”, she pleaded.
5. “Look what you’re doing!”
6. “Don’t go away”, I said to them.
7. The user’s manual says, “Oil the spindle frequently”.
8. “Nobody move”, he warned.
9. “You just keep your big mouth shut”, he said to me.
10. “Do as you please!”
Exercise 3. Express these commands more politely. Use more variants:

1. Pass me the salad! 2. Don’t sit there! 3. Ring me up tonight! 4. Drive carefully! 5. Feed
the cat! 6. Sign here! 7. Don’t smoke in little Tom’s room! 8. Show me your passport!
EXCLAMATORY
Exercise 1. Change the following statements into exclamations introduced by what or

how:
1.She looks very well. 2.The book is very interesting. 3.The poem is wonderful.
4.John is an extraordinary man. 5.She was wearing a lovely green dress at the party.
6.He played the piano beautifully. 7.It was foolish of my brother to make such a
mistake. 8.Pete is running very fast. 9.It is easy for you to say such a thing. 10.Ellen
is pretty. 11.The party is very well organised. 12. She got good marks.
Exercise 2. Make up exclamatory sentences of your own according to the following

formulae:
17
1. What + NP + S + V !
2. How +A/ Adv + S + V !
3. Here / there + S (= personal pronoun) + V!
4. Here / there + V + S (= noun)!
Exercise 3. Form exclamatory sentences:

1. The problem is very difficult. 2. You look healthy after your vacation. 3. Mike is an
absent-minded boy. 4. They had an awful morning. 5. She solves the problems quickly. 6.
This is a hot day. 7. She is an affectionate mother.
Exercise 4. From a given affirmative statement, construct possible related interrogative,

negative, imperative and exclamatory sentences. Make the necessary changes.
1. You came early. 2 You brought a nice present for your sister. 3. You are a good boy,
Paul. 4. He solved the problems efficiently. 5. She is smart. 6. They bought a lovely
house. 7. Nick came up with an interesting project.
Exercise 5. Translate into English:

1. Ce minunat lucru! 2. Cât de frumos vorbeşte! 3. Ce furtună! 4. Ce idee strălucită! 5. Ce
grele sunt bagajele! 6. Numai dacă ar fi posibil! 7. În nici un caz să nu accepţi!
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică şi

Enciclopedică.
2. Budai, László. 1997. Gramatica engleză. Teorie şi exerciţii. Bucureşti: Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
4. Gălăţeanu-Fârnoagă, G. 1996. Sinteze de gramatică engleză. Bucureşti : Ed.
Lucman.
5. Murar, I., Pisoschi, C., Trantescu, A. M.. 2005. Essentials of English Syntax.
The Simple Sentence. Craiova: Ed. Universitaria.
18
UNITATEA 2. The Subject

1. Să identifice tipurile de subiect.
2. Să folosească corect subiectele it şi there.
Timp de studiu: 4 ore.
Exercise 1. Point out the subject in the following sentences and state by what part of
speech it is expressed:
1. Old Gordon and Oliver were close friends and neighbours.
2. The brandy and soda was cool and comforting.
3. The brandy and the soda have not cooled as yet; they are still in the fridge.
4. The two walked in silence.
5. One of the clerks entered with a sheaf of documents.
6. It was bitterly cold; the wind cut like a knife.
7. One should do one’s duty.
8. On the shore there was a group of fishermen.
9. The stronger among the girls ran about and engaged in active games.
10. Neither she nor any of her family had ever been to visit me.
11. It was time for him to be off.
12. Perhaps it’s no use my mentioning it at present.
13. There followed a list of things to ask.
14. My answering in the affirmative gave him great satisfaction.
15. He isn’t likely to come.
16. To talk of those merry school-days makes me young again.
17. Playing ball and talking about cars are his chief interests.
18. There are no matches left in the box.
19. Whoever did that will be punished.
Exercise 2. Identify the constituent which realizes the subject function in each of the
following sentences:
1. The light of a torch flickered.
2. It is sometimes argued that there is no real progress.
3. The wind coming down from the snowfields above woke us every night as we
lay in our tent.
4. There were about half a dozen men seated in the bar.
5. It was my great good fortune to meet him before he died.
6. There is no way of knowing what goes on in their minds.
7. Somebody close the door!
8. You don’t say it!
Exercise 3. Analyse the subjects in the following text and translate it into Romanian:
1. Wasn’t it late? she asked. They hadn’t come home yet. He flicked his watch
carelessly open. But it was only just past seven. He held his watch open for a
moment, deciding that he would tell her what he had felt on the terrace. To begin
with, it was not reasonable to be so nervous. Andrew could look after himself. Then,
he wanted to tell her that when he was walking on the terrace just now – here he
became uncomfortable, as if he were breaking into that solitude, that aloofness, that
remoteness of hers... But she passed him. What had he wanted to tell her, she asked,
thinking it was about going to the Lighthouse. (Virginia Woolf – To the Lighthouse)
Exercise 4. State with what meaning the pronouns one, we, they and you are used in
the function of the subject:
1. One should be careful when crossing the road.
2. One must always keep one’s word.
3. One must do one’s duty under any circumstance.
4. One is always pleased to meet old friends.
5. We must not allow children to have their own way.
6. We often see other people’s faults without seeing our own.
7. We must spare the old.
8. You never know where to find that man.
9. You cannot do different kinds of work at the same time.
10. They say the weather will change soon.
11. They drink exquisite tea in England.
12. They say the conference will be put off for a month.
Exercise 5. Point out the complex subject in the following sentences:

1. These islands are said to have been discovered as early as 1700.
2. I just hapened to be passing, so I dropped in.
3. She was never known to have done a good thing on behalf of anybody.
4. He appears to be very strong.
5. At the same time the carriage was heard rolling up the gravel-walk.
6. For her to undertake such a voyage is sheer madness.
Exercise 6. Substitute complex constructions for the subordinate subject clauses:

MODEL: It is known that she speaks English well.
She is known to speak English well.
1. It is reported that the football match will take place on May 15th.
2. It is supposed that the playwright is working at another comedy.
3. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young.
4. It was understood that the parties had come to an agreement.
5. It is reported that the flood has not caused much damage to the crop.
6. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver.
7. It seems that you don’t approve of the idea.
8. It proved that my predictions were correct.
9. It is likely that they will maintain close contacts with the manufacturers.
10. It appears that the goods were not properly packed.
11. It is expected that highly mechanized and automated working processes will
be introduced in those plants.
12. It is known that many our machines-tools surpass some foreign models in
efficiency and convenience in operation.
13. It was necessary that some changes should take place.
14. It is advisable that they shouldn’t leave so late.
15. It is difficult that we should finish this project in time.
20
16. It is important that our delegates should have been discussing all matters
thoroughly.
Exercise 7. Change the sentences including an –ing form into equivalent sentences by
using it in subject position. Analyze the role of it and the type of subject it
represents:
1. Going to bed is highly advisable.
2. Meeting the same people so often isn’t amusing.
3. Finding synonyms for these words was easy.
4. Learning new things is always interesting.
5. Smoking so many cigarettes a day is not good for your health.
6. Arguing is advisable if you are convinced of the correctness of your point of
view.
7. Calling a meeting tomorrow is not a bad idea.
Exercise 8. Extrapose the subject in the following clauses:

1. That Pam is seeking divorce surprised us.
2. To leave without saying goodbye was bad manners, really.
3. Who she goes out with doesn’t interest me.
4. To swim in a cold lake is not my idea of fun.
5. That recognizing syntactic categories at first sight is not easy is obvious.
Exercise 9. State the nature of the it subjects below:

1. “I don’t much like the heat”. “Oh, I do. I find it stimulating.”
2. It was but natural that she should be angry.
3. It was yesterday that they came.
4. At nine o’clock the next day I went out. It was cold and rainy. At the first
corner, I came upon a man who seemed strangely familiar. It was uncle
Caesar, an old negro who wore the most remarkable coat that I had ever see. It
was long and had been grey. But rain and sun had changed it that it was
impossible to name the colour. (O. Henry)
Exercise 10. Translate into Romanian:

1. There comes John! There he comes! 2. There’s the bell ringing. 3. There he goes
grumbling again. 4. Post this letter for me, there is a good boy! 5. There soon
appeared, pausing in the doorway a grey-haired man. 6. Once upon a time, in a very
small country town... there lived a little man named Nathaniel Pipkins.
Exercise 11. Point out the difference in form and meaning between a and b.
1. a. There is a man in the garden.
1. b. “Who else is there to help?” “There is the man in the garden.”
2. a. There was an accident caused by the truck driver’s carelessness.
2. b. There is the accident.
3. a. There was an old photo, two pencils and a rubber in the bag.
3.b. “What is there in the bag?” “There’s the old photo, the pencils and the
rubber.”
Exercise 12. Paraphrase the following sentences using introductory there:

MODEL: Something must be wrong. - There must be something wrong.
21
1. Someone to see you is outside.
2. Nothing is funnier than a kitten with a string.
3. A building was torn down on main street.
4. Is anything bothering you?
5. Some stores are staying open all night, aren’t there?
6. Five men have been working on the project.
7. A greater dramatist has never existed.
8. Does anyone not understand?
9. I could do nothing.
Exercise 13. Fill in the blancks with it or there. Mention the roles of it and there.
1. ....... is three miles to the station. 2. ......... is a long time since I gave up smoking. 3.
..... is time to finish the cleaning before we go. 4. ....... is no place like home. 5. Don’t
eat that, ...... is a poisonous mushroom; .... are many of them in these parts. 6. ..... is a
shame that even today ...... are so many unkempt gardens around. 7. ...... is something
fishy going on there and ....... is your job to find out what. 8. ...... was a long time
before I got an answer. Then, one day a letter arrived – well, ...... was not really a
letter, for ...... was only one sentence on the paper. 9. ..... was a hotel in the village so
we decided to stay there. ..... was a charming village and I was very happy there, but
my children were bored because ..... was nothing to do in the evenings.
Exercise 14. Apply the following statements to new subjects (either in the affirmative
or in the negative).
MODEL: He must go. – So must the others.
I have not read the book. – Nor/neither have we.
1. You can come whenever you like.
2. I like poems by Dylan Thomas.
3. She hasn’t finished her work yet.
4. You shouldn’t smoke so much.
5. She didn’t meet him yesterday.
6. I don’t want to interfere.
7. Nick wrote me a letter.
8. She prefers to go by plane.
9. He doesn’t like Jane’s attitude.
Exercise 15. Disambiguate the following sentences:

1. Visiting relatives can be boring. 2. Flying planes can be dangerous. 3. Washing
machines will be unnecessary in the future. 4. The lamb was too hot to eat. 5. The
shooting of the hunters surprised the people. 6. What bothered Henry was being
investigated by the police.
Exercise 16. Analyse the subjects in the sentences below in terms of thematic roles:
1. John opened the door. 2. Chicago is windy. 3. Windows break easily. 4. Paper tears
instantly. 5. Flowers sell quickly. 6. The door was opened by the janitor. 7. The stone
moved. 8. The bed has not been slept in for several nights.
22
BIBLIOGRAFIE:

şi Enciclopedică.
Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.
23
UNITATEA 3. The Predicate

1. Să identifice tipurile de predicat.
2. Să recunoască clasele de verbe copulative.
Exercise 1. State the types of predicates in the sentences below:

1. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. (John Keats)
2. How can you say such a thing?
3. The path grew steep and the man climbed slowly.
4. He soon came to realize how right his parents had been.
5. “It must be getting late” he said. “What’s the time?”
6. Tom caught sight of something in the water. (G. Eliot)
7. After a while they began talking over their plans.
8. Mister Copperfield was very kind to me, and took a great deal of notice of me
and paid me a good deal of attention and at last proposed to me. (Ch. Dickens)
9. I ran across John on his way to the office.
10. That boring man called again this morning but I had my sister tell him I was
out.
11. Lucy and I have always got on well together.
12. Now, look here, why don’t you let me bring you a cup of coffee, then, when it
cools down a little maybe we can all go for a walk.
13. Jane is in her room.
14. He has been working hard and he is exhausted.
15. The wallet is here.
Exercise 2. Indicate whether the predicate in each sentence is expressed by: an

intransitive, a transitive or a link-verb:
1. The tomatoes are growing well. He’s growing tomatoes.
2. Trollope’s novels read easily. Tom read all Trollope’s novels last year.
3. The actress slowly turned towards the audience.Orson turned the doorknob
very slowly. The witness turned pale during the cross examination.
4. It was his best suit and it was becoming uncomfortably tight. What a lovely
hat! Isn’t it becoming! In the centre of the room, as became host, stood the
head of the family, old Jolyon himself. (J. Galsworthy)
Exercise 3. Comment on the use and the meaning of the given verb in the sentences
of every group:
TO BE
1. Who is that? It is I/me. Aren’t you ready yet? It’s time you were. Today is
Monday. When is your birthday? The station is a mile away. He’s twelve
years old. What are you going to be when you grow up?
2. I shall be seing him soon. What have you been doing this week? I am to
inform you that you have won the big prize of the competition. They are to be
married in May. If I were to tell you what would happen? Every member of
the party was to pay his own expenses. At what time am I to be there?
3. There were six of us. He is the greatest man that ever was. For there to be life
there must be air and water. Don’t be long. Let them be. He is off to London. I
have been to see my uncle. Have you ever been to Scotland? Has the postman
been?
TO HAVE
1. Have you done it? I shall have done it by next week. You ought to have done.
Had I known I should not have worried.
2. How many days has June? Has the house got a good garden? Has she blue
eyes or brown eyes? He hasn’t got a good memory for poetry. What kind of
holiday have you in mind? I won’t have such conduct. I won’t have you say
such things about an innocent man. Did she have the opportunity of practising
her English?
3. Do you often have to go to the dentist’s? Have you got to go to the dentist’s
today? The children don’t have to go to school in the afternoon, do they? You
haven’t got to go to school today, have you? Did you have to leave early?
These shoes will have to be repaired. Do you have much time for reading?
Have you got time to come with me to my tailor’s?
4. Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast? What shall we have for dinner? Let
me have a try. We didn’t have much difficulty. Did you have a good holiday?
You’d better have your bad tooth taken out.
TO DO
1. He did not go. That’s exactly what he did say. Does he agree to it? So hard
did they work that they forgot all about their rest. Not only did they promise
to help but personally came down to see about the matter. Do tell me what
happened.
2. She plays the piano better than she did. He lives in Bucharest, doesn’t he? She
doesn’t speak French; nor does her sister. Who broke the window? I did.
3. What are you doing now? What shall I do next? I will do what I can. What’s
done cannot be undone. It’s easier said than done. Well begun is half done.
When in Rome do as the Romans do. You would do well to take the doctor’s
advice. She is doing her homework now. I have a lot of correspondence; I
shall do my best to finish it by noon. Do your duty!
Exercise 4. Analyse the nominal predicates in the following sentences:

1. The day was overcast and utterly still.
2. They are our best experts in the field.
3. It is simply out of the question.
4. Outside it was getting dark.
5. Days are getting shorter already.
6. Trees have turned yellow.
7. It was growing dark and foggy and beginning to rain too.
8. He seems terribly upset.
9. He did not seem in the least tired.
10. The night had seemed strangely silent.
11. This cloth feels soft and smooth like a velvet.
12. Don’t you feel tired of so much talking?
13. Whatever she cooks always smells tasty and appetizing.
25
14. Children, you must keep quiet when father is working.
15. There will certainly be a day when your dreams will come true.
Exercise 5. Analyse the predicates expressed by verbal idioms. Translate the

sentences into Romanian:
1. It goes without saying that he is a very sincere man.
2. You certainly put your foot into it when you told him that you did not like
poetry.
3. Don’t argue with him any longer; you are only wasting your breath.
4. Sit here with us; we can move over and make room for you on this sofa.
5. He beats about the bush so much that no one knows exactly what he wants.
6. He once played a mean trick on John and now John wants to get even with
him.
7. She has her heart set on taking the trip.
8. They are ready to meet us half way in the matter of prices.
9. What you say does not make sense to me.
10. She talks so much that she gets on my nerves.
11. If you have time drop me a line now and then while you are around.
12. He takes pains with everything that he does.
13. He promised to keep in touch with us while he was abroad.
14. Keep an eye on my suitcase while I buy my ticket.
15. It stands to reason that if he never prepares his lessons he is not going to make
good progress.
16. She always wants to have her own way, but this time, for a change, she is
going to do what I say.
17. It is very easy to find fault with the work of others.
18. Excuse me for not introducing you to Kate; I took it for granted that you two
knew each other.
19. What are the two boys up to?
20. Not having had any previous experience, John doesn’t stand a chance of
getting that job.
21. He took advantage of their kindness and stayed a whole month without paying
them anything.
BIBLIOGRAFIE:

şi Enciclopedică.
Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.
26
UNITATEA 4. The Subject – Verb Concord
Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili să:

1. Să identifice tipurile de acord.
2. Să folosească corect verbele în cazul subiectelor exprimate prin
substantive nenumărabile.
Exercise 1. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets, paying attention to the
agreement between the subject (expressed by pronouns) and the predicate:
1. Nobody in my family (have) ever dreamt of such a thing.
2. Everyone in the office (like) her.
3. (Do) either of you know anything about him?
4. None of them (like) fried chicken.
5. (Be) anyone interested in this?
6. Neither of the stores (be) open on Saturday afternoon.
7. Nobody in the group (know) about this.
8. Every one of the drivers (check) the brakes before starting the race.
9. Each of the students (try) to give a good answer.
10. (Do) either of you meet him at the station?
11. Each of them (type) forty words a minute.
Exercise 2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form by observing the agreement
between the subject and the predicate:
1. Phonetics (be) very important when learning a foreign language.
2. The local police (have) helped the firemen to put out the fire.
3. (Be) mathematics your favorite subject?
4. Fortunately, all the crew (be) saved.
5. The poultry (be) fed three times a day.
6. The Romanian army (have) fought for the country’s independence.
7. The U.S.A. (have) Washington as the capital.
8. The “Sketches” by J. K. Jerome (be) on sale in any bookshop.
9. The Times (not publish) the strip cartoons that are common in many other
papers.
10. Nearly all the class (be) given good marks.
11. Our new committee (consist) of several members.
12. Five dollars (be) too much to pay for a used book.
13. Three weeks (be) no time at all when you spend your vacation in such
pleasant surroundings.
14. The class of 1973 (request) your presence at a reception to be given Thursday,
June 3, at eight o’clock.
Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:

1. A knowledge of rules (help) you use English correctly.
2. A bunch of fresh flowers (be) on his desk.
3. The kind of western movies that I see these days (bore) me.
4. Bread and butter (be) usually served for breakfast.
5. The writer and the editor-in-chief (have) just entered the room.
6. Mary and Tom (tease) my sister about being so fat.
7. He is warmest admirer and severest critic (be) his wife.
8. There (be) a table and six chairs in that room.
9. Because of heavy rains there (be) more grass and flowers than usual at this
time of the year.
10. When I met him at the railway station, John together with his friends (be)
leaning for London.
11. The first sight of the boulevard with its bright colours (impress) a visitor.
12. My friend, along with two of his brothers, often (go) for a walk on Sunday
mornings.
13. My friends, as well as myself (be) ready to help you.
14. (Be) he or his colleagues at the lecture last night?
15. Either my father or my mother (accompany) my younger brother.
16. Every evening it’s either Jane or her sister that (do) the dishes.
17. Either Mary or her parents (be) to entertain the guests.
18. Neither the dictionnary not the newspaper (belong) to me.
19. Neither Mr. Evans nor his secretaries (answer) the phone.
20. Neither expensive lotions nor frequent massaging (prove) successfull in the
treatment of baldness.
21. Neither the doctor nor the nurse (be) here on Sunday.
22. Neither he nor I (be) guilty.
23. John or Tom (be) paying the bill.
24. (Be) you or I supposed to accompany him to the station?
25. Correct spelling, in addition to usage of verbs (be) also essential to good
writing.
26. Neither you nor I (have) been invited to her birthday party.
Exercise 4. Complete the following sentences paying attention to the agreement

between the subject and the predicate:
1. The heavy rains in addition to the colds .............. 2. The cat together with the
kittens .......... . 3. The driver as well as his wife .................... . 4. Everyone in the
family, including my parents .................... . 5. The beautiful design, in addition to the
performance of the car ................ . 6. An interest in children, together with a sense of
humour ................. . 7. The President, together with his advisers ...................... .
Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the auxiliary to do:
1. ............... the scissors belong to you?
2. ................. either of them want to join us?
3. ................. any of these problems bother him?
4. ................. any of you play the piano?
5. .................. neither of these dresses suit you?
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
şi Enciclopedică.
Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
28
Ed. Lucman.
29
UNITATEA 5. Passive Constructions

1. Să recunoască clasele de verbe ce pot fi trecute la diateza pasivă.
2. Să transforme o propoziţie de la diateza activă la diateza pasivă.
Exercise 1. Consider the following quotations from South Wind by Norman Douglas
and decide why and with what effect the writer chose to use passive verb forms:
1. He took out his watch. Two more hours of discomfort to be gone through!
2. A few words of civility.... had lead to an exchange of cards – a continental
custom Mr. Head always resented. It could not easily be avoided in the
present case.
3. Under the fierce attraction of the sun, the fogs were drawn upwards.
4. Mr. Head was intercepted on his way to the hotel by the genial priest.
5. Poor folks! They ought to be sent home. They don’t belong here.
Exercise 2. Where possible, give a passive form to all verbs in the following
sentences, noting any change in emphasis and meaning. Indicate also the effect of
retaining or dropping the active subject in the passive form:
1. I ate my breakfast. 2. They serve breakfast from seven until ten thirty. 3. Peter said
that Alan had paid the bill. 4. He was looking for somewhere to stay. 5. We request
the public to cooperate. 6. Handel composed the music for The Messiah. 7. The
computer has come up with some strange information. 8. She left John all her money.
9. We had a stroke of bad luck last week. 10. The British drink too much alcohol.
Exercise 3. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

1. They will lose sight of the ship in a few minutes.
2. She is washing the dress.
3. My colleague spoke to me on my way to school; he wanted to know the truth.
4. They asked me many questions.
5. Mother made them work very hard.
6. My brother is going to fix the washing machine.
7. I haven’t found your book yet.
8. They showed us the house.
9. They blamed my sister for the failure.
10. His relatives deprived him of his fortune.
11. They offered her a nice present.
12. She will give us the answer tonight.
13. He promised me a better equipment.
14. Someone has robbed me!
15. Don’t worry! People will soon forget it.
16. You must finish the article by five o’clock.
17. The jury awarded the Pulitzer Prize to my friend.
18. What should one do in such conditions?
19. They evicted the family for not paying the rent.
20. Nobody can do it.
21. All the employees congratulated him on his great success.
22. They say that dogs are very intelligent.
23. People expect that he will win the competition.
Exercise 4. Rewrite the sentences into the passive:

1. His friends believe him to be a hero.
2. Didn’t they promise you a rise last year, too?
3. Someone left me a legacy.
4. They have turned on the lights.
5. Buses take them home in the evening.
6. People speak English in many different parts of the world.
7. They brought us the list.
8. The neighbours took great care of her little son.
9. Who discovered the phenomenon?
10. I will meet you at the station.
11. Nobody has ever spoken to me like that before.
12. I had already sent the letter when you phoned me.
13. She had cooked the dinner by seven o’clock.
14. The doctor will have examined the children by noon.
15. They are cleaning the house.
16. She was teaching them a new rule.
17. They didn’t agree upon the problem.
18. The scientific team talked about the matter very much, but they didn’t arrived
at any conclusion.
19. She gave me an interesting novel.
20. They envied my luck.
21. The project has not been carried out.
22. They charged him with a difficult mission.
23. I helped him with a painting.
24. The critics consider that his last novel is the best.
Exercise 5. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

1. They objected to my suggestions.
2. They always listen to this radio program.
3. He insisted upon the problem.
4. John sent for the doctor.
5. We often refer to his works.
6. Everybody will laugh if you wear that funny dress.
7. I will deal with this matter at once.
8. They didn’t think of a crisis.
9. We will come to these aspects soon.
10. We looked after Mary.
Exercise 6. Change these sentences from the passive into the active voice:
1. The children were left at home. 2. I was invited to the party. 3. You will be told
everything about the negotiations. 4. By whom has the parcel been brought? 5. The
doctor will be called for. 6. The text was being typed. 7. You have been waited for
since ten o’clock. 8. He was not expected to behave like that. 9. We were shown
some famous monuments. 10. The will was lost track of for a long time until it was
accidentally discovered by the old servant.
31
Exercise 7. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as
possible to the sentence before it:
1. The car completely destroyed my motorbike.
My motorbike ...................
2. The teacher refused his permission to take the test later.
He ...............
3. Nobody ever let me study the guitar when I was a child.
I ..................
4. It is often said that John never wrote such articles.
John ................
5. There were once thought to be aliens on Mars.
It ..................
6. From what we understand, there was an attack last night in the outskirts of the
town.
There is ...............
7. It’s a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused.
George ..................
8. You have to clean these rooms by noon.
These rooms are ...................
9. Under no circumstances should you cross this line.
This line is ....................
10. The first prize was awarded to a young poet.
A young poet .............
11. She vaguely remembers that she was knocked by a car.
She has vague memories of ...............
12. It’s never very nice when people stare at you.
Being .............
13. I really wish I hadn’t been forced to do that horrible thing.
I really regret ...............
14. He didn’t remeber that he had been asked to invite her to the party.
He had no recollection of .....................
15. Because I was told it was cheaper, I naturally bought that TV set.
Having ................
Exercise 8. Decide in each sentence whether only one or both verbs underlined are
suitable:
1. My brother was/got killed in the World War II.
2. I had/got my homework done although I was so tired.
3. I must have/get these shoes repaired.
4. I was/got left behind when the mini-taxi drove off.
5. Paul was/got injured after he had been playing for only ten minutes.
6. They had/got their house painted in blue last year as usual.
Exercise 9. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the
same:
1. People think that neither side wanted war.
Neither side .............
2. Everybody knows that eating fruit is good for health.
32
Eating fruit ...............
3. People thought the statue had been destroyed.
The statue ..............
4. People say that the late Mr. Johnson was difficult to work with.
The late Mr. Johnson .................
5. People think the expensive watch was stolen by his own son.
His own son ...................
6. It is believed that the Chinese invented the gunpowder.
The Chinese ....................
7. Apparently the warehouse did not sustain any damage.
The warehouse .................
8. There is a rumour that the escaped prisoner is living abroad now.
The escaped prisoner ....................
Exercise 10. Translate into English using the Passive Voice:

1. Această emisiune nu a fost încă transmisă.
2. Acum se construieşte o nouă şcoală pe acest teren.
3. Mi s-a arătat o nouă cale de a rezolva problema.
4. Acest roman se vinde foarte bine.
5. S-a trimis după un specialist.
6. Toate porţelanurile s-au spart când ne-am mutat.
7. De cine vor fi îngrijiţi copiii?
8. Ni s-a promis un nou calculator.
9. A fost rănit în luptă.
10. Barca n-a mai fost zărită din pricina ceţii groase.
11. Bluza se spală foarte uşor.
12. Lumina fusese deja aprinsă.
13. Aceste probleme vor fi tratate mai târziu în capitolele următoare.
14. Nimeni n-a dormit în această cameră în ultimul timp.
15. I s-au dat multe bijuterii.
16. S-a ajuns la un compromis.
17. Fusesem sfătuiţi să ne reconsiderăm poziţia.
18. Se crede că morcovii îmbunătăţesc vederea.
19. Fiind plătit lunar cu o sumă mică nu mi-am putut achita datoriile.
20. Îşi amintea că fusese luată de acolo când era mică.
21. Era considerat a fi principalul responsabil de tot ce se întâmplase.
22. Fiind înţepat de albine, nu pot suferi aceste insecte.
Exercise 11. Correct any verb forms which are impossible or inappropriate:
1. A lot of houses in the area have been being broken into by burglars.
2. As I drove south, I could see that the highway was rebuilding.
3. I suppose the letter will have been delivered by now.
4. There is nothing more annoying than been interrupted when you are speaking.
5. Jim was been given a prize for his activity.
6. Somehow without my noticing my wallet had been disappeared.
7. I am been questioned by the investigators.
8. The new clinic was opened yesterday.
9. A lot of meetings have been held, but nothing has being decided yet.
10. Last week it is decided not to have a shareholders meeting after all.
33
Exercise 12. Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the words underlined
and so that it contains a passive form:
1. Someone left the phone off the hook all night.
2. The government has announced that the prices will rise again.
3. A burglar broke into our house last week.
4. People asked me about his life many times.
5. It’s time the police did something about the crime in the area.
6. The politicians change the law.
7. They have to fill in an application form.
Exercise 13. Put each verb in brackets into the Passive in an appropiate tense:
1. The luggage ................... (not pack) yet.
2. Your lunch ....................... still (prepare).
3. The new ship ...................... (launch) next week.
4. We had to go on holiday because our house .................... (decorate).
5. The flight ..................... (cancel).
6. Hurry up! All the tickets ............... (sell) by the time we get to the theatre.
7. All main courses ................ (serve) with vegetables or salad.
8. The letter ................. (write) yesterday.
9. The cathedral ................ (build) in the sixteenth century.
Exercise 14. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays
the same:
1. A friend lent John the car he drove in the race.
The car John drove in the race ................... .
2. At the time my aunt was looking after the children for us.
At the time our children ............... .
3. The police have issued a description of the wanted man.
A description ................. .
4. My lawyer told me not to say anything at this time.
I have .................... .
5. There is no definite decision yet about the new project.
Nothing ..................... .
6. Nobody had told me the truth.
I ...................... .
7. It was a mistake to elect Mr. Brad.
Mr. Brad should not ................. .
Exercise 15. Rewrite each sentence in a more formal style so that it contains a passive
form of the word given in capitals:
1. The inspector is grilling my brother down at the station. QUESTION
...................................................................................
2. The archeologists found the remains of an old Roman villa. DISCOVER
...................................................................................
3. They stopped playing the match after half an hour. ABANDON
...................................................................................
4. I don’t know your name. INTRODUCE
34
...................................................................................
5. People usually eat this kind of fish with rice. SERVE
...................................................................................
6. They took James to court for crime. PROSECUTE
...................................................................................
7. We’ve lost your application. MISLAY
...................................................................................
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
şi Enciclopedică.
Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.
35
UNITATEA 6. Adverbial Modifiers

1. Să identifice tipurile de complemente circumstanţiale.
2. Să identifice părţile de vorbire prin care sunt exprimate complementele
circumstanţiale.
3. Să aşeze complementele circumstanţiale în ordinea corectă în propoziţie.
Exercise 1. Point out the Adverbial Modifiers of Place in the following sentences;
state by what they are expressed:
1. Everywhere grew clumps of palms and magnolia trees.
2. About a quarter of a mile off, in a quite substantial looking street stood an old
redbrick house with three steps before the door. (Ch. Dickens)
3. Down jumped the driver and out got Mr. Peggotty. (Ch. Dickens)
4. Amid the green pastures lie fields yellow with golden green. (Ch. Mansfield)
5. From behind the sand hills came the whisper of the sea. (D. H. Lawrence)
6. Near at hand, on a shelf, were his books. (Norris)
7. In front of the window was a plot of grass with old lilacs round it.
8. He drew from his pocket a scrap of what I took to be a very dirty letter. (E. A.
Poe)
9. I have walked a long way.
10. She had wandered about the woods by the river’s brink all day.
11. She had been walking a very great distance.
12. High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince.
(O. Wilde)
Exercise 2. Insert where necessary the required prepositions making Prepositional

Modifiers of Place:
1. The Danube rises ................ the Black Forrest and flows ............... the Black
Sea.
2. Step ......... this ladder but be careful you don’t fall ........ it.
3. Look out! There’s a car racing ............ you!
4. When I go ........ the office, I go ......... Victory Road. I pass the museum .......
my way. I stop ........ the traffic lights. When the lights turn green, I go ........
the road, ........... a gate and into the Cişmigiu Gardens.
5. We were having tea ............ the fire place.
6. The top of the mountain is 2,000 feet ......... the sea level.
7. The wreck was lying on the bottom, 100 feet ........ the surface of the sea.
8. She took her handkerchief ......... her pocket.
9. He threw the cigarette .......... the window.
10. Before geting ......... the station the train passed ......... the tunnel.
11. The little girl was sitting ......... me and her mother.
12. Their house is placed ........... the town.
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the
(Prepositional) Adverbial Modifiers of Place:
1. Femeia s-a aruncat la picioarele lui şi l-a implorat să n-o trimită în oraşul de
unde venise.
2. Au luat-o pe cărarea cu pietriş, străjuită de plopi tremurători care ducea spre
locul unde se ridica mânăstirea.
3. Doreau să ajungă în vârf de unde aveau imaginea panoramică a întregii văi.
4. Peste tot întâlneau oameni generoşi.
5. Te voi aştepta în locul obişnuit.
6. Planta ar creşte mai repede dacă ai pune-o într-un loc mai luminos.
7. Niciodată n-am mai fost în asemenea locuri minunate.
8. Peste tot se puteau vedea fotografii de familie.
9. Unde ai fost în tot acest timp?
10. În zona aceasta pădurile se întind pe zeci de kilometri.
11. Şi-a scos cheia din buzunar şi a băgat-o în broască.
12. Aceşti munţi se ridică la 2500 de metri deasupra nivelului mării.
13. Cutremurul a îngropat sute de oameni sub dărâmături.
14. Rănitul se târî până la marginea drumului unde se întinse sub nişte tufe.
15. Pământul se învârteşte în jurul soarelui.
16. Treci pe lângă poştă în drum spre şcoală?
17. – Unde duce poteca de acolo? – Dacă mergem pe poteca aceea peste dealuri,
câştigăm timp.
18. Este mai bine să urmăm cursul pârâului; curge prin satul spre care ne
îndreptăm.
19. Nu vă jucaţi lângă lac; s-ar putea să cădeţi în apă.
20. La munte am mers cu telefericul şi astfel am putut admira vasta panoramă
care se întindea sub noi.
21. Primul lucru pe care vreau să-l fac e să dau o raită prin oraş.
22. Bunica uită totdeauna unde-şi pune ochelarii şi de fiecare dată când are nevoie
de ei îi caută prin toată casa.
Exercise 4. Point out the Adverbial Modifiers of Time in the following sentences;
1. Towards the evening of the following day a letter arrived addressed to herself.
(Coppard)
2. At parting, my aunt gave me some good advice.
3. My dear girl was to arrive at five o’clock in the afternoon. (Dickens)
4. “They say”, said Mary Jane, “we haven’t had snow like it for thirty years...”
(J. K. Jerome)
5. Thus they had often finished their breakfast and were out in the summer air by
seven o’clock.
6. I woke and looked at my watch; it was five o’clock. I had been asleep for
hours.
7. You’ll have forgotten me by then.
8. What have you been doing during my absence?
9. In the afternoon he would go out alone and walk for hours.
10. I paused outside the parlour door, on hearing my mother’s voice. (Dickens)
11. My mother, after vainly trying to restrain herself, began to cry. (Dickens)
12. Having taken the key from the lock, she led the way upstairs.
37
13. Coming near, I found the door slightly ajar.
14. The dinner being at length quite ready, he dished and served it up.
15. The conference over, he returned to the office.
16. The atticcs was Maggie’s retrat on a wet day. (G. Eliot)
17. Not one minute all that night did Ellen sleep.
Exercise 5. Write the following sentences with the Adverbial Phrases of Time in the
correct order:
1. I have heard the accident happened (at about seven o’clock, on a Monday
evening).
2. I was born (in the afternoon, on November 16th 1938, at two o’clock).
3. We arrived at the seaside (in July, at four o’clock, one Saturday, in the
afternoon).
4. When the tourists went out of their tent they saw that the mountain was
covered with snow (in the morning, early).
5. The great fire of London broke out (in 1666, one night in September).
6. The news was broadcast (last Saturday at half past two).
7. We shall come here (in future, every morning, at nine).
8. They went away (on Sunday, for a week).
Exercise 6. Change the Adverbial Clause of Time to an Adverbial Modifier of Time:

1. While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2. Before I left from work I ate breakfast.
3. When the child was told to go to bed he started to cry.
4. Since Mary came to this town, she has made many friends.
5. When young children are left alone, they can get themselves into all sort of
troubles very quickly.
6. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
7. When an American woman meet someone for the first time, she may or may
not offer her hand.
8. After she saw a documentary film on the way of life of a primitive tribe in the
Philippines, Kristen decided to become an anthropologist.
9. After I read the chapter four times I understood the author’s theory.
Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English using adverbs of indefinite
time and frequency:
1. Ei vin întotdeauna la timp.
2. Profesorul nostru de engleză nu ne vorbeşte niciodată în limba română.
3. Nu voi uita niciodată ziua aceea.
4. Câteodată nu ştiu ce e bine şi ce e rău.
5. L-am întrebat deseori despre asta.
6. Vă puteţi adresa totdeauna lui Tom când aveţi nevoie de ajutor.
7. Întotdeauna ne vom aminti cu plăcere acele zile vesele.
8. Nu trebuie să mai faci asta niciodată.
9. Întotdeauna lucrezi atât de mult?
10. Îl întâlneam uneori la bibliotecă.
11. Ai fost vreodată la Paris?
38
Exercise 8. Insert where necessary the required prepositions, making Prepositional
Adverbial Modifiers of Time:
1. My children need to sleep .......... the afternoon.
2. Her friend is coming ............. Friday.
3. The teacher said that we would make our first trip ........ May.
4. You want to go skiing .......... summer and swimming ........ winter.
5. The school year begins ......... September 15th.
6. The baby cried several times ........... the night.
7. Why cannot you sleep ........ night?
8. Many families lost their houses ....... the storm.
9. I think I can solve the problem .......... ten minutes.
10. I shall have finished fixing the car ....... next Sunday.
11. She will come back ........ three months’s time.
12. ...... reaching the resort, I checked in the best hotel.
13. Where are you going ...... New Year’s Eve?
14. The agency is open ..... the morning ...... 9.00 ..... 11.
15. He started teaching English in 1980. It is now 2004. He has been teaching
English ........ 24 years.
16. Our friends stayed with us ..... a month.
17. “Let’s go for a swim tomorrow.” “Can you be ready ...... 8.00?” “I’m afraid I
can’t. I have lessons ...... lunch time. In fact, I will not finish ...... half passed
twelve”.
18. The projector broke down twice ........ the showing of the film.
19. My friend has been in England ........ 2002.
Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the
Prepositional Adverbs of Time:
1. Expediţia plecă în zorii zilei.
2. În clipa aceea apăru în uşă un bărbat de vârstă mijlocie.
3. În vacanţa de iarnă s-au prezentat piese pentru copii la toate teatrele din oraş.
4. Serbarea va fi organizată de Crăciun.
5. Nu mai vizitasem oraşul meu natal de foarte multă vreme şi eram hotărât să-
mi petrec vacanţa acolo. M-am hotărât în prima zi să-mi vizitez toţi colegii de
şcoală.
6. În fiecare dimineaţă se plimbă în aer liber o oră.
7. Dacă ai să vii pe la ora cinci, ai să o găseşti acasă.
8. N-am fost acolo de mult timp.
9. Mi-a scris că se află la Bucureşti de două săptămâni şi că va rămâne acolo
câteva zile.
10. Te rog să termini lucrarea înainte de sfârşitul săptămânii.
11. E neapărat necesar să gândeşti înainte de a face un lucru.
12. A izbutit să predea lucrarea la termen.
13. Un nou sediu de bancă va fi construit aici peste câteva luni.
14. Va trebui să-şi refacă planul lucrării până lunea viitoare.
15. Până la sfârşitul săptămânii va fi adunat toate datele necesare.
Exercise 10. Answer the following pairs of questions using since or for which
introduce Adverbial Phrases of Time:
1. a. Do you happen to know Tom?
39
b. How long have you known him?
2. a. Do you often read English books?
b. How long is it since you last read an English book?
3. a. Is the new plan in operation now?
b. Since when has it been in operation?
4. a. Is her brother a student?
b. How long has he been a student?
5. a. Does he smoke?
b. Since when has he been smoking?
6. a. Is he still trying to learn English?
b. How long has he been trying to learn English?
7. a. Are they still waiting?
b. Since when have they been waiting?
Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Abia acum o lună am aflat că s-a măritat.
2. Încă din anul 55 î.C. Iulius Cezar a debarcat cu trupele sale pe ţărmurile
Angliei. Dar adevărata cucerire a Angliei a devenit un fapt abia în anul 43
d.C.
3. În 1440, Guttenberg inventase deja tiparul.
4. El ştia să citească înainte de a merge la şcoală.
5. Enescu a început să cânte de mic copil. Era încă un copil când a apărut prima
dată într-un concert public.
6. El a început să înveţe engleza abia anul trecut.
7. Plecase înainte de a ajunge eu acolo şi n-am putut vorbi cu el decât mult mai
târziu.
Exercise 12. Point out the adverbial modifiers of manner in the following sentences;
1. He looked up in surprise.
2. The walls were whitewashed as white as milk. (Ch. Dickens)
3. She walked on and reached a station, hot and cross. (J. Galsworthy)
4. There was a wind like ice.
5. Bosinney and June entered the theatre in silence. (J. Galsworthy)
6. How did you get out without his seeing you?
7. They were to go on Sunday morning by the seven o’clock train.
8. I did as requested.
9. I saw her looking at him anxiously.
10. Manson walked quickly down the platform, searching eagerly for some sign
of welcome. (A. Cronin)
11. Soames stood in the dinning room window gazing gloomily into the square.
(J. Galsworthy)
12. The man spoke with a quiet earnestness.
13. I looked in astonishment towards the old man.
14. Nothing can be more lovely than this late autumn day.
15. He was silent as though to fit in with her mood.
16. By this time it was getting dark and snowing pretty heavy.
17. Thus ended Peggotty’s narration. (Dickens)
40
18. Like all other Forsytes of a certain age they kept carriages of their own, and
never took cabs by any means if they could avoid it. (J. Galsworthy)
19. She hastily dried her eyes to see what was coming. (L. Carroll)
20. Annixter bore the case into the sitting room of the house and, hammer in
hand, attacked vigorously. (Norris)
21. Mr. Pullet, by an unaccountable lapse of memory, had forgotten it and
hastened out, with a stricken conscience, to remedy the omission. (G. Eliot)
22. Screaming, cursing, and praying, laughing, singing, and moaning, they rush
past side by side. (J. K. Jerome)
Exercise 13. Change the following sentences by using Adverbial Modifiers of

Manner instead of adjectives:
1. Peter is a slow worker. 2. Jane is a good dancer. 3. He is a bad actor. 4. Our
teacher is a fluent English speaker. 5. Mary is a hard worker. 6. Nick is a fast
runner. 7. He is an optimistic speaker. 8. Ann is a careful typist. 9. Father is a
careless driver. 10. Paul is an attentive listener.
Exercise 14. Rewrite the following sentences substituting -ly adverbials of manner for
the underlined phrases:
1. He smiles a contemptuous smile. 2. I pick my staff in a careful manner. 3. “Oh,
John”, she said in a hoarse voice. 4. He bade us farewell in a cold voice. 5. She cried
with bitter tears. 6. He came up to me at a slow pace. 7. He spoke about the trip in an
excited voice. 8. They defended their friend in convincing words. 9. She stared at me
with a fixed look. 10. The Indians lived a simple life, hunting and fishing.
Exercise 15. Replace the underlined words by a single adverb of equivalent meaning
making any necessary changes in word order:
1. The effect of the chemical substance was to change the colour of the tissue little by
little. 2. The little village had change in a fundamental way since I was there last. 3.
The two friends are by disposition and character quite fit for their risky job. 4. I
thought he was right inpart. 5. He looked without interest at the landscape around,
thinking only of his mission there. 6. The old man considered it with much calm. 7.
“Don’t you feel for me, Lord Warburton?” “Oh, yes, oh, very much”, said the
gentleman addressed as Lord Warburton, without delay. (H. James) 8. The resolution
was carried with the agreement of all. 9. Men are now able to produce more and more
raw materials by artificial means. 10. An avid reader, he reads all books without
regard to differences in quality or theme. 11. The patient was, through an oversight,
given the wrong prescription. 12. Having no mind of his one, the critic adopted with
complete lack of originality the opinion of others. 13. This course of action could, it
may be imagined, lead to ruin.
Exercise 16. Translate the following sentences, rendering the underlined words into
equivalent English Adverbials of Manner:
1. El şi-a exprimat punctul de vedere în foarte puţine cuvinte. 2. Ei au întreprins
lucrarea de bună voie. 3. Acest pictor a adoptat stilul lui Picasso cu o completă lipsă
de originalitate. 4. Bumbacul, ce era cules cu mâna, e acum cules cu ajutorul maşinii.
5. Acest elev a câştigat premiul cinci ani la rând.
Exercise 17. Insert the given Adverbials of Manner in the correct places:
41
1. His education has been neglected. (sadly) 2. He put it in English. (well) 3. It was
put in English. (well) 4. He misled us. (deliberately) 5. He spoke. (slowly and
deliberately) 6. He offered to put me up. (kindly) 7. I was learning to spell.
(painstakingly) 8. I wanted to see it. (very badly) 9. She sang the tune. (cheerfully)
10. She offered her apologies. (humbly) 11. He flapped his hands at his sides
(limply). 12. Her suggestion was welcomed. (warmly) 13. His work is appreciated by
his colleagues. (highly) 14. This town has been bombed. (severely) 15. These flowers
were thrown away. (carelessly) 16. The room has been cleaned. (thoroughly). 17.
This rule must be understood. (clearly) 18. The food was served. (beautifully)
Exercise 18. Rewrite the following sentences placing the adverbs in brackets in their
correct place according to the model:
MODEL: He dealt with the subject/it. (perseveringly)
He dealt perseveringly with the subject.
He dealt with it perseveringly.
1. The teachers talked about the new methods of teaching. (endlessly) 2. On Sundays
they walked about the town. (slowly) 3. She spoke to me. (tenderly) 4. He laughed at
us. (kindly) 5. The critics spoke of the play. (highly) 6. Nicholas glanced about him.
(quickly) 7. Aided by the wind the fire spread over the whole city. (rapidly) 8. The
children surrounded the teacher and listened to the story. (eagerly)
Exercise 19. Rewrite the sentences below replacing the adverbial phrase by an
adverb:
1. The audience waited in silence for the play to begin.
2. Do your work with more care.
3. Mary passed the exam with ease.
4. He earns a good salary and they live in prosperity.
5. The winning swimmers returned in triumph with the silver medal.
6. This carpenter does his work with great skill.
Exercise 20. Change the underlined noun to a verb and use an Adverbial Modifier of
Manner:
1. He gave an accurate description of the house. 2. She heaved a sad sigh. 3. Mary’s
engagement came as a great surprise to her friends. 4. He gave the rope a violent tug.
5. The student received high praise from his teachers. 6. She made a quick summary
of the story. 7. There was a sudden change in his behaviour towards me. 8. Helen
gave the room a thorough cleaning. 9. There was an appreciable drop in temperature.
10. The bus had to make a quick stop.
Exercise 21. Point out the differences between the sentences:

1. a. The expedition was planned scientifically.
b. Scientifically, the expedition was a success.
2. a. George wrote to Mary foolishly.
b. George, foolishly, wrote to her a letter.
3. a. I spoke to the child simply.
b. I simply spoke to the child.
4. a. That hairdresser cut your hair badly.
b. Your hair needs cutting badly.
5. a. Naturally, he expressed his thanks.
42
b. He expressed his thanks naturally.
6. a. Obviously, the teacher thought that the student was not intelligent.
b. The teacher thought the student was obviously not intelligent.
7. a. Clearly, the speaker had not argued his case at all.
b. The speaker had not argued his case at all clearly.
Exercise 22. Use the words in brackets to form participial phrases expressing manner:
1. He was standing near the window. (stare, distance)
2. All night long she lay awake. (make plans, holiday)
3. We spent the whole evening. (watch, TV programme)
4. The girl was standing at the porch. (watch, the beautiful sunset)
5. Peter was walking in the park (look, trees).
6. He read a novel (pay attention, details).
7. Mother always does the shopping (check, attentively, the list).
Exercise 23. Rewrite the following sentences using the adverbs in brackets in the
correct degree of comparison:
1. In a large city you must cross the street (carefully) than in a small one.
2. Please, speak (slowly), so that I can take notes.
3. She moved (awkwardly) than an elephant.
4. He reviewed her work (unfavourably) than Dixon did.
5. Of the three men, you behaved (disgracefully).
6. I pick my staff (carefully) than you do; that’s why our results are worse.
7. He’s been sleeping (badly) than myself the last few months.
8. Of the ten students he’s been working (hard).
9. The answer came back (quickly) than I had expected.
Exercise 24. Form intensified comparatives placing the adverbs ever, far, still, even,
much, a great deal in front of the comparative degree of the adverbs below:
1. A snail moves slower than a turtle. 2. You should speak English more correctly. 3.
She rides more beautifully since she went to the training school. 4. She sings better
than an opera singer. 5. She did better in the summer exams. 6. She admonished the
boy more severely than the headmaster. 7. He prepaired himself more thoroughly
than his opponent. 8. That crowd took the decision more sportingly. 9. He worked
harder than his father. 10. He spent less than his companion.

a. 1. Tu joci şah mai prost decât fratele tău. 2. Eu joc şah mai prost decât toţi. 3. Cine
aleargă mai repede, Tom sau Bob? 4. Colegul meu aleargă mai încet decât mine. 5.
Luna aceasta a lucrat mai puţin decât luna trecută. 6. Nick vine întotdeauna mai târziu
ca ceilalţi. 7. Care dintre toate tablourile expuse a fost descris cel mai puţin
convingător? 8. Dintre toţi studenţii grupei voastre John a făcut cel mai bine lucrarea.
b. Era răcoare, dar o răcoare plăcută, oraşul se desena paşnic la poalele Capelei,
acoperişurile de ţiglă roşie şi de tablă veche, ruginită de vreme şi coşuri de fum
însemnau cerul lăptos, pe care aluneca obosită o lună de câlţi ca o umbră albicioasă.
(Dinu Săraru)
Exercise 26. Put either fairly or rather in the blank spaces:

1. It is getting ............. late. We ought to go home.
43
2. We’d like to have a ................ large living room in our new flat.
3. I think that his latest book is ................ more interesting than the earlier ones.
4. She told me that she was ..................... surprised at my behaviour.
5. I showed him the essay and he was ............. interested.
6. He has a ................... bad cold.
7. I know her .................. well.
8. When you go to the hospital you’ll find that Mary is .............. better today.
9. These are good students. The exercises will be .............. easy for them.
10. Can you carry all these parcels? I’m afraid they are ............. heavy.
11. I’m feeling ............... tired.
12. It’s .............. windy today.
BIBLIOGRAFIE:

şi Enciclopedică.
Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.
44
UNITATEA 7. Complex Constructions

1. Să identifice şi să definească construcţiile complexe.
2. Să reducă propoziţiile subordinate la construcţii complexe.
3. Să transforme construcţiile complexe în propoziţii subordonate.
Exercise 1. Define the following complex constructions:

1. He is said to be a good teacher.
2. This course on Linguistics is intended to be suitable for advanced students.
3. It is important for Dora to behave properly.
4. He was surprised at Jane’s expressing her refusal.
5. I want you to obey the instructions.
6. He warned me not to miss the classes.
7. It is advisable for him to come earlier.
8. Do you mind me smoking here?
9. He left earlier, the luggage to be sent later.
10. A strange object was seen flying over the sea.
11. I heard them coming.
12. Your leaving so early surprised me.
13. I must have this watch repaired.
14. A noise was heard coming from that room.
15. Everything being ready, they left the house.
16. I want this finished immediately.
17. She sent the e-mail first, the letter to come later.
18. I feel the earth moving; I think it’s an earthquake.
19. His work finished, he called me.
20. I heard my name called.
21. He ordered the cabman to drive on.
22. I really cannot allow this matter to go any further.
23. Do you wish me to be at home earlier?
24. They had believed me to be without any friends save them.
25. Old Joly on watching from his corner saw his brother’s face change, and the
brooding worried look deepen on it. (J. Galsworthy)
26. A figure appeared in the distance before long and I soon knew it to be Emily.
(Dickens)
Exercise 2. Combine the two pairs of sentences so that the second one becomes the
object of the first one:
1. a. Teachers don’t want it.
b. The children won’t contradict them.
2. a. I want it.
b. You stop pestering me.
3. a. The doctor doesn’t allow it.
b. John will not go outdoors to play in the snow.
4. a. The rule requires it.
b. A full stop is added at the end of a sentence.
5. a. Nobody wants it.
b. A new war won’t break out.
6. a. The admiral ordered it.
b. All ships are ready to leave.
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Romanian and analyse the structure
of the Complex Object with the introductory it:
1. They make it their aim to stop up the output.
2. The fog makes it difficult to find the path.
3. They found it hard to procede on their way.
4. I consider it a personal favour that you have accepted my invitation.
5. I take it that he gives his consent.
6. I made it clear that I was dissatisfied.
7. They consider it important to begin the talks at once.
8. I find it strange that he did not come.
9. I thought it necessary to wait a few days.
10. I call it goodluck to have you as my friend.
11. I leave it to you to decide.
12. I find it very dull to play cards.
Exercise 4. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use a Complex Object with

the introductory it:
1. I felt that it was my duty to be with them at that difficult moment.
2. He believed that it was necessary to take the risk.
3. Do you think that it is useless to wait any longer?
4. The party found that it was impossible to climb the mountain from the side
overlooking the sea.
Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into English using a Complex Object
with the introductory pronoun it:
1. Cred că e păcat să nu profiţi de acest prilej.
2. Am găsit că este de datoria mea să fiu cu ei în asemenea clipe grele.
3. Sunt convins că e o greşeală să ţii supărarea atâta vreme.
4. Considerăm o mare cinste pentru noi încredinţarea unei asemenea
responsabilităţi.
5. Nu crezi că-i o greşeală să aşteptăm atâta vreme?
6. Nu mi se pare înţelept ca băiatul să abandoneze şcoala.
Exercise 6. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Nominative + the Infinitive:
1. Everybody expected that she would win the first prize.
2. It appears that you are right.
3. It is believed that he escaped.
4. It happened that he remembered all the story.
5. We are certain that he did all by himself.
6. We know that John broke the world record.
7. It turned out that my friend had already been there.
8. It was said that you were fond of old movies.
9. It seems that she is a good journalist.
10. It happened that my brother wasn’t at home then.
46
Exercise 7. Change these sentences using the Accusative + Infinitive construction:
1. They told the truth. 2. She answered immediately. 3. He gave me all the details.
4. Nelly bought the house. 5. She helped John to paint the room. 6. He lent me
some money. 7. They explained the problem. 8. The inhabitants left the region.
Exercise 8. Replace the underlined words by an Accusative + Infinitive construction:
1. Evidence showed that she was innocent.
2. Everybody knew that he was an excellent actor.
3. They declared that he is the best journalist.
4. The majority of critics thought that the film was extraordinary.
5. They consider that Peter lied in the Court.
Exercise 9. Rewrite the following sentences using an Accusative + Infinitive

construction. Make all the necessary changes:
1. We were forced to leave at once. 2. Paul was obliged to do that. 3. I was
compelled to give up the whole project. 4. I was seen to enter the house. 5. Alan
was forced to respect the agreement. 6. Peter was heard to leave the room. 7. I
was obliged to stay there. 8. He is considered to have been a hero.
Exercise 10. Turn the following sentences into the active voice, making all the
necessary changes:
1. She was told to keep silent.
2. He was made to work harder.
3. He will be asked to take all the necessary steps to prevent that.
4. Mike has often been seen to cross the park.
5. You will be made to change your mind.
6. He was ordered to accept the mission.
7. He was requested to put an end to his experiments.
Exercise 11. Pick out the Complex Objects:

1. We could hear her typing in the next room.
2. We saw him standing in the threshold of his house.
3. I saw him walking along the pass.
4. She felt tears coming to her eyes at the thought of parting.
5. She watched her mother preparing the tea-things.
6. He heard a car approaching from the right-hand side.
7. I like people laughing when I tell them jokes.
8. He still found himself struggling towards some solution of the problem.
9. He pushed back the table with a movement of anger which sent the account
sheets fluttering to the ground. (J. Galsworthy)
10. She heard her sister entering the hall.
Exercise 12. Use a Complex Object:

1. I heard (they, come) and (turn on) the lights.
2. I notice (you, write) something.
3. I saw (she, cross) the street.
4. They caught (he, steal).
5. I see (the children, play) in the garden.
47
6. She smelt (something, burn) in the oven.
7. I didn’t notice (she, write) the letter.
8. Your enthusiasm makes (I, to feel) young again.
9. He heard (the footsteps, to die away).
10. I won’t have (anybody, to think) ill of her.
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
şi Enciclopedică.
Teora.
Bucureşti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.
48
TEST RECAPITULATIV:

a.
1. În toată viaţa mea n-am auzit un cuvânt bun de la el.
2. N-am vizitat niciodată Londra.
3. Niciodată în viaţa mea n-am văzut un asemenea lucru.
4. Aşa-zişii mei prieteni nu-mi vor da niciodată un sfat bun.
5. Nu mai plouă.
6. Nu poţi decât să-l admiri dacă ajungi să-l cunoşti.
7. Poţi să nu mergi dacă spui că te doare capul.
8. Nu poţi să mergi dacă aşa a spus tata.
9. După tot ce s-a întâmplat, nu te mai poţi aştepta să-ţi împrumute cineva o
carte, nu-i aşa?
10. Situaţia nu-mi convine câtuşi de puţin.
11. N-am putut termina lucrarea săptămâna asta şi nici săptămâna viitoare n-o să
am timp s-o termin.
12. Pentru nimic în lume n-ar trăi pe spinarea lor.
13. Nu i-am pus la îndoială vorbele nici un moment.
14. Nu mai vorbesc cu el până nu-mi cere scuze.
15. Nu numai că a întârziat dar a şi uitat cartea acasă.
16. Mi-a scris că nici la munte nu s-a putut duce, nici de învăţat n-a avut timp.
17. N-am putut să traduc această propoziţie şi văd că nici voi.
18. Nici după trei zile de convorbiri cele două părţi nu au reuşit să ajungă la un
acord comun.
19. Nici unul dintre noi nu şi-a dat seama că nu mai avem timp să ajungem la
gară.
b. 1. Octavian veni pe la cinci. Nu răspunse la nici una din întrebările Anei care
încerca cu evidentă stângăcie să-i abată gândurile în altă parte. Se dezbrăcă meticulos,
fără să arunce nici o privire spre Andrei. Andrei nu se putu opri să nu se gândească că
tatăl său joacă teatru. Cu o tresărire ciudată simţi că nu-i mai pasă de nimic. (Titus
Popovici)
2. Prefectul îi întinse mâna scurt, sobru. Nu ştia ce să facă; era atât de zăpăcit şi
avea impresia că toată lumea îşi dă seama de asta. Toate legăturile cu Bucureştiul
fuseseră rupte şi echipele trimise pe traseu n-au făcut nimic până acum. Habar n-avea
ce măsuri să ia. (Titus Popovici)
Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences into English without using negative
words:
1. Nu prea ştiam unde mă aflu. 2. Nu avem decât foarte puţin timp la dispoziţie. 3. Nu
este cu putinţă. 4. La serată ea aproape că nu a scos un cuvânt. 5. Închide ferestrele ca
să nu intre muştele. 6. Nu ştiu ce să fac. 7. Arcaşul nu lovi în ţintă. 8. N-ai putea
ajunge la timp decât cu trenul de trei. 9. El este singurul care nu a fost de acord. 10.
Nu mai vorbiţi atât de mult! 11. Nu am decât o soră. 12. Nu te superi dacă deschid
puţin geamul? 13. Nu-i trebuie decât un sfert de oră ca să ajungă la Universitate. 14.
E multă vreme de când nu l-am văzut. 15. Nu-mi place nici vinul nici berea. 16. Nici
unul din ei nu a reuşit la examen. 17. N-ai putea termina la timp decât folosind acest
procedeu. 18. Nu mai faceţi atâta zgomot! 19. Mă tem să nu vină. 20. Nu mai ninge.
21. Nici unul nu trebuie să accepte dacă nu vrea. 22. Nimeni n-a spus nimic despre
asta nimănui. 23. Nu mai vorbesc cu tine dacă nu-ţi ceri scuze. 24. N-am fost nici la
film nici la teatru. 25. Nu s-a plâns niciodată de munca lui şi nici nu cred că se va
plânge vreodată. 26. Nimeni nu era acolo şi nu se întâmplase nimic deosebit.
Exercise 3. Add suitable question tags to the following statements:

1. You found the lost book, ...? 2. You don't think we have lost our way, ...? 3. That is
your book, ...? 4. Those are your books, ...? 5. They will never make it, ...? 6. Nothing
went wrong, ...? 7. Let's start earlier, ...? 8. Don't stay in the draught, ...? 9.
Everything went according to our plan, ...? 10. Everybody left early, ...? 11.
Everything seems to have gone wrong, ...? 12. Nobody liked the idea, ....? 13.
Anyone can go in for examination, ...? 14. There is a meeting tonight, ...? 15. She
hardly ever looks at me nowadays, ...? 16. No one thought of it before, ...? 17. Try
and get there in time, ...? 18. I'm supposed to be there tonight, ...? 19. Don't worry
about that, ...? 20. Switch off the television set, please, ...? 21. He used to write
poems, ...? 22. You have to finish before ten, ...?
Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into English. Pay attention to the place
of some prepositions in interrogative sentences in formal versus colloquial style:
a. 1. Ce-ai făcut toată după-amiaza? 2. N-ai fi vrut să vii şi tu cu noi? 3. Aveţi un foc?
4. Cui i-ai dat cărţile? 5. De unde vii? 6. Oare unde le pot găsi? 7. Să le iau sau să nu
le iau? 8. Hai să facem o plimbare, vrei? 9. "Dragă, nu vorbi aşa. Te faci de râs."
"Zău?" 10. "N-o s-o facă aşa cum trebuie." "Crezi?" 11. S-a şi terminat lecţia? 12.
Nu-i aşa că am avut dreptate? 13. Cui aparţin aceste versuri? 14. Căror studenţi le-a
explicat aceste exerciţii? 15. Cui împrumutase Jane dicţionarul când i l-am cerut? 16.
Despre cine discută prietenii tăi atât de aprins? 17. În ce încurcătură aţi intrat? 18. Cu
cine vorbeşti ore în şir la telefon? 19. Cu ce tren veţi pleca săptămâna viitoare? 20.
Cu cine te-ai împrietenit în tabără şi cui îi vei scrie primul? 21. De la cine ai primit
scrisoarea mult aşteptată? 22. De cine depinde aprobarea acestei cereri? 23. La ce oră
s-a anunţat decolarea avionului? 24. Pe care raft ai pus cartea? 25. Pe care dintre
studenţi să-i trimitem la concursul naţional de traduceri? 26. Pentru ce fel de oameni
te zbaţi tu să obţii aprobarea? 27. Pentru ce a făcut logodnicul tău tot circul ăsta? 28.
Pentru cine ai cumpărat jucăriile acestea? 29. Din ce beau copiii apă? 30. La ce
concluzie ai ajuns după ce ai citit romanul Împăratul muştelor de William Golding?
31. De la cine ai cumpărat telefonul? 32. Mergi la şcoală nu-i aşa? 33. Eşti atât de
bună să-mi uzi florile cât sunt plecată? 34. N-ai mâncat niciodată caviar, nu-i aşa?
b.
1. "Asta-i tare curios!" zise el scuturând din cap. "Acasă n-a venit?" Vitoria înălţă
din umeri, jignită de întrebare. "Poate-i la iernat cu oile." "De ce nu mi-a trimis
răvaş? De ce nu a venit nici un fel de ştire?" strigă cu năduf munteanca. "Eu de
unde pot şti?" (M. Sadoveanu)
2. Îi venea să se oprească, să făptuiască ceva nostim, în desăvârşită contradicţie cu
situaţia lui socială. De pildă, să sune la o intrare şi să întrebe dacă nu stă acolo
domnul Oreste P. - care nu stă nicăieri căci nu există. La răspunsul negativ să se
retragă cu mirare şi nedumerire: "Nu-i aici numărul 64?" "Ba da!" "Hm! Atunci,
cum se face?" (M. Sadoveanu)
50
3. Bunicul stă pe prispă. Se gândeşte. La ce se gândeşte? La nimic. Numără florile
care cad... "Tată moşule, zice fetiţa, de ce zboară păsările?" "Fiin'că au aripi,
răspunde bătrânul." "Păi raţele n-au aripi? De ce nu zboară?" "Zboară, zice
băiatul, dar pe jos." (B. S. Delavrancea)
4. I-am sărit de gât şi l-am strâns în braţe şifonându-i costumul de tweed cu carouri
şi lăsându-l cu gura căscată. "Tu eşti, Polifem?" i-am strigat, după ce mi-am
desprins braţele din jurul umerilor lui. "Unde ai fost atâta vreme? Vai, cât te-am
căutat!" (Platon Pardău)
Exercise 5. Fill in the blancks with it or there. Mention the roles of it and there.
1. ....... is three miles to the station. 2. ......... is a long time since I gave up smoking. 3.
..... is time to finish the cleaning before we go. 4. ....... is no place like home. 5. Don’t
eat that, ...... is a poisonous mushroom; .... are many of them in these parts. 6. ..... is a
shame that even today ...... are so many unkempt gardens around. 7. ...... is something
fishy going on there and ....... is your job to find out what. 8. ...... was a long time
before I got an answer. Then, one day a letter arrived – well, ...... was not really a
letter, for ...... was only one sentence on the paper. 9. ..... was a hotel in the village so
we decided to stay there. ..... was a charming village and I was very happy there, but
my children were bored because ..... was nothing to do in the evenings.
Exercise 6. State whether the compound predicates in the following sentences are:
nominal, modal or aspectual:
1. I’ve ceased going up there quite a long time ago.
2. You must not go there all by yourself at this time of night.
3. Now I’ve got you here I don’t feel so lonely any more.
4. You must have known that Jane had gone.
5. Have you seen the change in him, how thin he has become?
6. He stopped talking all of a sudden.
7. He began asking about my new colleagues, what they were like, what I
thought of them.
Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with one of the following link verbs - become, fall, get,
go, grow, keep, remain, run, turn:
1. The leaves ....... red in autumn.
2. The weather gradually ....... colder and colder.
3. Within a few years he ....... quite famous.
4. My shoe lace has ...... undone.
5. The label has ....... unstuck.
6. The bread ......... stale.
7. Hurry up! It’s ...... late.
8. This small river ........ dry every summer.
9. They came back before it ......... dark.
10. When I entered they all ......... silent.
11. The ship ........ smaller and smaller in the distance.
12. I can stand the strain no longer, I ............ mad if it goes on like this.
13. At my cry he ........... as pale as death.
14. The milk ........... sour.
15. Her dreams have ............ true.
51
16. How did you ............ acquainted?
17. Many men ....... bald as they grow old.
18. The child is ......... thinner.
19. Fruit quickly ............... rotten in hot weather.
20. She ............. pale when she heard the bad news.
21. He always ......... angry when he doesn’t find his glasses.
22. This man can’t see; he ........ blind in a bomb explosion during the war.
Exercise 8. Use the proper form of the verb in brackets:

1. What (be) the news? 2. The police (be) investigating the crime. 3. The team
(consist) of six members. 4. The crew (be) standing in different parts of the ship. 5.
Two weeks’ study for this exam (be) not enough. 6. Each of them (come) here every
day. 7. Everybody (be) here. 8. The red and black blancket (be) washed today. 9.
Either they or I (be) going to help you. 10. I as well as my friends (be) ready to start.
11. Neither of you (be) right. 12. Neither my parents nor my brother (be) at home last
evening. 13. Larry and I (be) both here. 14. A glas of wine or a cup of coffee (be)
very enjoyable now. 15. A number of students (be) absent yesterday. 16. A variety of
questions (be) asked to him. 17. There (be) two black sheep in the field.

1. Veştile sunt proaste. 2. Cleştele este în sertarul de sus al dulapului. 3. Familia mea
nu pleacă în Făgăraş acum pentru că aici vremea este încă rece. 4. Guvernul se
întruneşte mâine să discute măsurile ce trebuie luate. 5. Echipa de fotbal a uzinei
joacă cu colegii lor de la Galaţi. 6. Clasa noastră pregăteşte un spectacol folcloric. 7.
Informaţiile lui sunt mai totdeauna greşite. 8. Sfaturile părinţilor se dovedesc deosebit
de valoroase. 9. Grupul de străini care ne-a vizitat de curând şcoala ne felicită pentru
succesele noastre. 10. Marfa a sosit la timp în portul de destinaţie. 11. Acustica
acestei săli este excelentă. 12. Se predă statistica la şcolile economice. 13. Gimnastica
menţine sănătatea omului. 14. Atletismul este un sport larg practicat în ţara noastră.
15. Conţinutul romanului a fost ecranizat. 16. Forma este slabă însă conţinutul este
bun. 17. Sfatul meu este să te duci personal şi să-i spui totul. 18. El crede că banii îi
aparţin numai lui. 19. Venitul lui a crescut necontenit în ultimii ani. 20. Ştirile au
sosit acum o oră şi informaţiile pe care le cuprind sunt îmbucurătoare. 21. Acest
mijloc de cercetare a luat extindere în ultimul timp. 22. Familia noastră este plecată în
perioada verii. 23. Comitetul de redactare a hotărât să publice lucrarea. 24. Jumătate
din orchestră este compusă din noi absolvenţi. 25. Comitetul s-a întrunit săptămâna
trecută. 26. Vitele sunt sus pe dealuri. 27. Familia se trezeşte devreme. 28. Numai
două ore de studiu nu sunt suficiente. 29. Pot să aştept; patru săptămâni nu este mult.
30. Numărul de seminarii pe care trebuie să le pregătiţi într-o săptămână este destul
de mare. 31. Numărul de cărţi pe care trebuie să le citim pentru examen este
considerabil. 32. Marea varietate a subiectelor prezentat ne-a pus în dificultatea de a
alege. 33. “Doi tineri din Verona” este o comedie de W. Shakespeare. 34. Banii sunt
pe masă. 35. Nici eu nici el n-am fost acolo. 36. Majoritatea copiilor au plecat în
excursie. 37. Cunoştinţele lui în acest domeniu sunt slabe. 38. Arhiva noastră e plină
cu asemenea documente. 39. Nu doar fraţii lui, ci şi el e bolnav de pojar. 40. Scara e
foarte alunecoasă. 41. – E careva acolo? – E tata şi mama. 42. Trei ori zece fac
treizeci. 43. Informaţiile publicate în acest ziar nu sunt niciodată de încredere.
52
Exercise 10. Where possible, rewrite each of the following sentences into different
ways, using a different subject each time:
1. They offered me a new job.
2. Mrs. Bart showed John a picture of her husband.
3. They didn’t guarantee every participant a free dinner.
4. The manager promised us a bonus for Christmas.
5. The referee declared the boxing match a draw.
6. The accident earned Pete the reputation of being irresponsible.
7. She’ll give him all the support he needs.
8. He handed me the ticket.
Exercise 11. Change the active sentences into the passive:

1. They gazed at him. 2. I will speak of this subject later. 3. The employer insists
much on discipline. 4. They must deal with all these problems. 5. People laughed
at him. 6. Nobody has seen the statue yet. 7. Jean showed me the town. 8. People
always consult him. 9. Everybody will know the truth soon. 10. I will have read
the book by Monday. 11. I had advised him to accept. 12. I must buy the
dictionary. 13. You should finish the research paper.
Exercise 12. Turn the following active sentences into the passive:
1. I knew that Paul was a great painter.
2. People consider that Mary was wrong.
3. The children thought that the old man was there.
4. People think that he is a selfish man.
5. She acknowledged that her husband did everything.
6. We understood that she worked hard.
7. They knew that Mr. Smith died in the last war.
Exercise 13. Translate into English using passive constructions:

1. Copilul orfan era îngrijit de o mătuşă.
2. I s-a poruncit să nu deschidă la nimeni.
3. Casa nu mai fusese locuită de douăzeci de ani.
4. Am fost învinuiţi că am ascuns adevărul.
5. Se ştie că el a lucrat la proiectul muzeului.
6. A fost felicitat pentru ultimul său succes.
7. Se spune că locul e bântuit de stafii.
8. Se insistă mult asupra preciziei în executarea unor asemenea lucrări.
9. Atunci se construia o nouă aripă a clădirii.
10. Mi s-a permis să vin mai târziu.
11. I s-a dat o nouă şansă.
12. Ni s-au promis noi fonduri pentru cercetare.
Exercise 14. Turn the following into the Passive Voice:

1. They saw him driving the car.
2. I heard the baby crying.
3. They caught him exceeding speed limit.
4. I found John checking the computer.
5. Jane left me waiting for two hours.
6. I heard the door being slammed.
53
Exercise 15. Translate into English using Complex Constructions:
1. Ei consideră că Paul e un student bun. 2. Mi-ar plăcea să mergi cu mine. 3.
Vreau să-ţi termini lucrarea de diplomă la timp. 4. M-a făcut să aştept mult. 5. Am
văzut-o plecând devreme. 6. I-am auzit şoptind ceva. 7. L-am găsit în bibliotecă
citind pentru examen. 8. Cine l-a văzut vreodată lucrând? 9. A vrut doar ca eu să
aplic formula. 10. Aş vrea să-ţi ţii promisiunea! 11. L-am prins furând banii. 12. E
greu ca ei să vină pe o asemenea vreme. 13. Şi-a auzit numele menţionat în
public. 14. Prietena mea a fost văzută luând avionul spre Paris. 15. Părea să fie
încântat de propunere. 16. Visele ei fiind împlinite, era foarte fericită. 17. Te-a
deranjat faptul că el a dezvăluit secretul? 18. Exerciţiile fiind foarte dificile, a
renunţat. 19. Bagajele fiind făcute, putem pleca. 20. Ceremonia încheindu-se, s-au
aşezat cu toţii.
54

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BIBLIOGRAFIE

1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică

II. TEMATICA CURSULUI:

III. EVALUAREA STUDENŢILOR:

1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică

Lect. univ. dr. Ana-Maria Trantescu

Lect. univ. dr. ANA MARIA TRANTESCU

1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică şi

Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili:

Timp de studiu : 4 ore.

Exercise 3. Indicate whether the following sentences are: declarative, interrogative,

Exercise 4. Supply the words necessary to express each idea fully:

Exercise 5. Provide questions to which the following might be replies:

1. For God's sake, Emmanuel, don't do anything rash.

Exercise 7. Negate the verb in the following sentences:

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into Romanian:

1. I didn't realize how ill he was until I visited him.

Exercise 1. Identify the functions of the following interrogatives as advice, command,

Exercise 3. State the type of the questions below:

b. Higgins: "What's the matter? Anything wrong?"

Exercise 4. Ask a question about the given topic:

Exercise 6. Make questions for the given answers:

b. Replace the direct request by forms containing Do you mind if:

Exercise 14. Convert the following questions into indirect questions:

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences in two different indirect ways:

Exercise 3. Express these commands more politely. Use more variants:

Exercise 1. Change the following statements into exclamations introduced by what or

Exercise 2. Make up exclamatory sentences of your own according to the following

Exercise 3. Form exclamatory sentences:

Exercise 4. From a given affirmative statement, construct possible related interrogative,

Exercise 5. Translate into English:

1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică şi

Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili:

Timp de studiu: 4 ore.

Exercise 5. Point out the complex subject in the following sentences:

Exercise 6. Substitute complex constructions for the subordinate subject clauses:

Exercise 8. Extrapose the subject in the following clauses:

Exercise 9. State the nature of the it subjects below:

Exercise 10. Translate into Romanian:

Exercise 12. Paraphrase the following sentences using introductory there:

Exercise 15. Disambiguate the following sentences:

1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică

Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili:

Timp de studiu : 4 ore.

Exercise 1. State the types of predicates in the sentences below:

Exercise 2. Indicate whether the predicate in each sentence is expressed by: an

Exercise 4. Analyse the nominal predicates in the following sentences:

Exercise 5. Analyse the predicates expressed by verbal idioms. Translate the

1. Bădescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureşti: Ed. Ştiinţifică

Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili să:

Timp de studiu : 4 ore.

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:

Exercise 4. Complete the following sentences paying attention to the agreement

Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili să:

Timp de studiu : 4 ore.

Exercise 3. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

Exercise 4. Rewrite the sentences into the passive:

Exercise 5. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

Exercise 10. Translate into English using the Passive Voice:

Obiective: Studenţii vor fi capabili să:

Timp de studiu : 4 ore.

Exercise 2. Insert where necessary the required prepositions making Prepositional

Exercise 6. Change the Adverbial Clause of Time to an Adverbial Modifier of Time: