7.Nesrine-Vectors and transformations-MS-P2

Combined By NESRINE
H e a d t o s a v e m y e x a ms. c o. u k f or m or e a w es o m e r es o ur c es
V e ct ors
Diffi c ult y: E as y
M o d el A ns w ers 1
L e v el I G CSE
S u bj e ct M at hs ( 0 5 8 0/ 0 9 8 0)
E x a m B o ar d CI E
T o pi c V e ct ors a n d tr a nsf or m ati o ns
S u b -T o pi c V e ct ors
P a p er P a p er 2
Diffi c ult y E as y
B o o kl et M o d el A ns w ers 1
Ti m e all o w e d: 4 1 mi n ut es
S c or e: /32
P er c e nt a g e: /100
Gr a d e B o u n d ari es:
CI E I G C S E M at h s ( 0 5 8 0)
A* A B C D E
>88 % 76 % 63 % 51 % 40 % 30 %
CI E I G C S E M at h s ( 0 9 8 0)
9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94 % 85 % 77 % 67 % 57 % 47 % 35 %
1 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

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Q u esti o n 1
14 ( a)
Fi n d t h e c o-or di n at es of t h e p oi nt E . [ 1]
2 7
𝐸𝐸 = +
− 5 1
𝟗𝟗
=
− 𝟒𝟒
S o c o or di n at es ar e: ( 9, -4)
(b)
W or k o ut t h e v al u e of t, w h er e t is n e g ati v e. [ 2]
W e h a v e t h at
𝑣𝑣⃗ = 𝑡𝑡 2 + 1 2 2 = 1 3
2
→ 𝑡𝑡 = 132 − 122
= 25
→ 𝒕𝒕 = − 𝟓𝟓

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Q u esti o n 2
T h e di a gr a m s h o ws a p ar all el o gr a m O C E G .
C D E
N OT T O
SC ALE
B
H F
b
O A G
a
O is t h e ori gi n, O A = a a n d O B = b .
B H F a n d A H D ar e str ai g ht li n es p ar all el t o t h e si d es of t h e p ar all el o gr a m.
O G = 3O A and O C = 2O B .
( a) Writ e t h e v e ct or H E i n t er ms of a a n d b . [ 1]
𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 = 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡
= 𝒕𝒕 + 𝟓𝟓 𝒂𝒂
( b) C o m pl et e t his st at e m e nt.
a + 2 b is t h e p ositi o n v e ct or of p oi nt [ 1]
(c) Writ e d o w n t w o v e ct ors t h at c a n b e writt e n as 3 a - b . [ 2]
𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 a n d 𝑩𝑩 𝑩𝑩

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Q u esti o n 3
( a) G H =
Fi n d
(i) 5G H , [ 1]
𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗
− 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣
(ii) H G . [ 1]
− 𝑡𝑡
𝑡𝑡
( b)
Fi n d t h e v al u e of y . [ 1]
7 + 𝒕𝒕 = 3
T a k e 7 fr o m b ot h si d es
→ 𝟓𝟓 = − 𝒂𝒂

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Q u esti o n 4
( a) Fi n d C A . [ 2]
𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 = 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡
𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓 = − 𝒂𝒂 𝑪𝑪 + 𝑪𝑪 𝑩𝑩
2 − 5
𝑩𝑩 𝐶𝐶 = − +
3 6
− 2 − 5
𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 =
− 3 + 6
− 𝟕𝟕
=
𝟑𝟑
( b) W or k o ut B A . [ 2]
T o fi n d t h e m a g nit u d e of a v e ct or us e P yt h a g or as T h e or e m:
𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2
− 5 2 2
𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 = = − 5 + 6
6
𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 = 61
(t o 3 si g nifi c a nt fi g ur es)
= 𝟕𝟕 .𝟖𝟖 𝟖𝟖

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Q u esti o n 5
N OT T O
c SC ALE
J L
b
H a G
G H J K is a q u a dril at er al.
G H = a , J H = b a n d KJ = c.
L li es o n G K s o t h at L K = 3 G L .
Fi n d a n e x pr essi o n, i n t er ms of a , b a n d c , f or G L . [ 2]
𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 is a q u art er of 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣 , w hi c h c a n b e writt e n as
1
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 = 𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓
4
𝒂𝒂
= ( 𝑪𝑪 − 𝑩𝑩 − 𝑩𝑩 )
𝑪𝑪

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Q u esti o n 6
y
B
7
N OT T O
SC ALE
A
1
x
0
–1 8
A is t h e p oi nt ( – 1, 1) a n d B is t h e p oi nt ( 8, 7).
( a) Writ e as a c ol u m n v e ct or. [ 1]
T o g et fr o m A t o B w e m o v e + 9 u nits al o n g t h e x a xis (8 − − 1 = 9 ) a n d
+ 6 u nits al o n g t h e y a xis (7 − 1 = 6 ) .
T h er ef or e , t h e c ol u m n v e ct or f or A B is:
𝟒𝟒
𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 =
𝑣𝑣
( b) Fi n d | |. [ 2]
𝑡𝑡
T h e m a g nit u d e of a v e ct or 𝑡𝑡 is gi v e n b y 𝒕𝒕 2 + 𝟓𝟓 2
9
= 92 + 6 2
6
= 81 + 36
= 𝒂𝒂 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪

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( c) = 2 .
Writ e d o w n t h e c o -or di n at es of C . [ 1]
𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 = 2 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣
𝑡𝑡
= 2
𝑡𝑡
𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓
=
𝒂𝒂 𝑪𝑪
T h e x c o or di n at e of C is 1 8 u nits fr o m t h e x c o or di n at e of A
𝑪𝑪 𝑩𝑩 𝑩𝑩 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝟕𝟕 𝟑𝟑 𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 = − 1 + 1 8 = 1 7
T h e y c o or di n at e of C is 1 2 u nits fr o m t h e y c o or di n at e of A
𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 𝟕𝟕 𝟖𝟖 𝟖𝟖 𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜 𝐶𝐶 = 1 + 1 2 = 1 3
𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝒂𝒂 𝒕𝒕 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝒐𝒐 𝑪𝑪 : (𝟖𝟖 𝟕𝟕 ,𝟖𝟖 𝟑𝟑 )

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Q u esti o n 7
R Q
S
r M N OT T O
SC ALE
O p P
O P Q R is a p ar all el o gr a m, wit h O t h e ori gi n.

M is t h e mi d p oi nt of P Q .
O M a n d R Q ar e e xt e n d e d t o m e et at S .
= p and = r.
( a) Fi n d, i n t er ms of p a n d r , i n its si m pl est f or m, [ 1]
(i) ,
W e ar e t ol d t h at 𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣 is a p ar all el o gr a m, s o w e k n o w t h at t h e v e ct ors 𝑡𝑡
a n d 𝑡𝑡 tr a v el t h e s a m e dist a n c e a n d t h e s a m e dir e cti o n al o n g e a c h of t h e
𝑩𝑩
si d es O R a n d P Q r es p e cti v el y. H e n c e 𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓 = 𝒂𝒂 𝑪𝑪 a n d 𝑪𝑪 𝑩𝑩 = 𝐶𝐶
.
T o g et fr o m O t o M w e t a k e t h e p at h s h o w n b el o w.
H e n c e t h e si m pl est p at h is 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶
𝟑𝟑
= 𝟕𝟕 + 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥

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(ii) t h e p ositi o n v e ct or of S . [ 1]
T h e li n e O S is d o u bl e of t h e li n e O M a n d t h e p oi nts O, M a n d S ar e c oli n e ar
( o n a str ai g ht li n e).
H e n c e w e j ust d o u bl e v e ct or 𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 t o g et 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣
1
2 𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 = 𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓 = 2 𝒂𝒂 + 𝑪𝑪
2
𝑪𝑪 𝑩𝑩 = 𝑩𝑩 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐶𝐶
1
( b) W h e n = – 2
p + r , w h at c a n y o u writ e d o w n a b o ut t h e p ositi o n of T ? [ 1]
H er e w e c a n dr a w a di a gr a m t o h el p us.
Fr o m t hi s w e c a n s e e t h at T i s t h e mi d p oi nt of R Q.

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Q u esti o n 8
D B
c
b
E A
O A B C D E is a r e g ul ar p ol y g o n.
( a) Writ e d o w n t h e g e o m etri c al n a m e f or t his p ol y g o n. [ 1]
T h e s h a p e h as 6 si d es t h er ef or e it is a h e x a g o n
( b) O is t h e ori gi n. = b and = c.
Fi n d, i n t er ms of b a n d c , i n t h eir si m pl est f or m,
(i) , [ 1]
T o g o fr o m B t o C w e m ust g o b a c k w ar ds al o n g 𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 a n d f or w ar ds
al o n g 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 = − 𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓 + 𝒂𝒂 𝑪𝑪
𝑪𝑪 𝑩𝑩 = − 𝑩𝑩 + 𝐶𝐶

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(ii) , [ 2]
G oi n g fr o m O t o A is e q u al t o 𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 + 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 = 𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓 = − 𝒂𝒂 𝑪𝑪 = 𝑪𝑪 − 𝑩𝑩
𝑩𝑩 𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐶𝐶 − 𝟕𝟕
= 2 𝟑𝟑 − 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥
= 𝑦𝑦 − 𝐶𝐶
𝑦𝑦
(iii) t h e p ositi o n v e ct or of E . [ 1]
T h e p ositi o n v e ct or of E is t h e s a m e as C
− 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐶𝐶

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Q u esti o n 9
E N OT T O
d SC ALE
O c C
I n t h e di a gr a m, O is t h e ori gi n.
= c and = d.
E is o n C D s o t h at C E = 2 E D .
[ 2]
Fi n d, i n t er ms of c a n d d , i n t h eir si m pl est f or ms,
( a) ,
N ot e t h at
1
𝐸𝐸 𝟗𝟗 = 𝟒𝟒 𝑣𝑣
3
S o, w e n e e d
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 = 𝒕𝒕 𝟓𝟓 + 𝒂𝒂 𝑪𝑪
= − 𝑪𝑪 𝑩𝑩 + 𝑩𝑩 𝐶𝐶
= − 𝐶𝐶⃗ + 𝐶𝐶⃗
H e nc e
𝑥𝑥
𝟕𝟕 𝟑𝟑 = ( 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 )
𝑦𝑦

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( b) t h e p ositi o n v e ct or of E . [ 2]
T h e p ositi o n v e ct or of E is
𝐸𝐸⃗ = 𝟗𝟗 𝟒𝟒
= 𝑣𝑣 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑡𝑡 𝒕𝒕
1
= 𝟓𝟓⃗ + 𝒂𝒂⃗ − 𝑪𝑪⃗
3
𝑪𝑪 𝐶𝐶
= 𝑩𝑩
𝑩𝑩 + 𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶

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Vectors
Difficulty: Easy
Model Answers 2
Level IGCSE
Subject Maths (0580/0980)
Exam Board CIE
Topic Vectors and transformations
Sub-Topic Vectors
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Easy
Booklet Model Answers 2
Time allowed: 37 minutes
Score: /29
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:
CIE IGCSE Maths (0580)

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
1 Model answers are copyright. © 2019 Save My Exams Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Question 1
S R
T Q
O p P
O is the origin and OPQRST is a regular hexagon.
= p and = t.
Find, in terms of p and t, in their simplest forms,
(a) , [1]
𝒕𝒕⃗ − 𝒑𝒑
(b) , [2]
2𝒕𝒕⃗ + 𝒑𝒑
(c) the position vector of R. [2]
𝟐𝟐𝒑𝒑 + 𝟐𝟐𝒕𝒕⃗
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Question 2
Q R
M
q X NOT TO
SCALE
O p P
O is the origin and OPRQ is a parallelogram.

The position vectors of P and Q are p and q.
X is on PR so that PX = 2XR.
Find, in terms of p and q, in their simplest forms
(a) , [2]
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
= −𝑞𝑞⃗ + 𝑝𝑝⃗ + 𝑞𝑞⃗
3
𝟏𝟏
= 𝒑𝒑 − 𝒒𝒒
𝟑𝟑
[2]
(b) the position vector of M, the midpoint of QX.
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
1 1
= 𝑞𝑞⃗ + 𝑝𝑝⃗ − 𝑞𝑞⃗
2 3
𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏
= 𝒒𝒒 + 𝒑𝒑
𝟔𝟔 𝟐𝟐
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Question 3
y
6
5 B
2 A
x
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
The points A(1, 2) and B(5, 5) are shown on the diagram .
(a) Work out the co-ordinates of the midpoint of AB. [1]
We represent the mid-point of AB with the point M(xM, yM).
We know that:
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥+𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
xM =
2
1+5
xM =
2
xM = 3
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𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦+𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
yM =
2
2+5
yM =
2
yM = 3.5
The mid-point is:
M(3, 3.5)
(b) Write down the column vector . [1]
Change in y = 3
Change in x = 4
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The column vector for the vector 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 has as top value the change in x
and as bottom value the change in y.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ( )
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑦𝑦
𝟒𝟒
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = ( )
𝟑𝟑
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Question 4
X
NOT TO
SCALE
In the diagram, PQS, PMR, MXS and QXR are straight lines.
PQ = 2 QS.
M is the midpoint of PR.
QX : XR = 1 : 3.
= q and = r.
(a) Find, in terms of q and r,
(i) , [1]
The vector RQ can be split into two vectors.
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
It is important to remember that for vectors:
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃.
Using this fact:
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 = −𝒓𝒓 + 𝒒𝒒
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(ii) . [1]
The vector MS can be split into two vectors.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = −𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
Since M is the midpoint of PR, we have

1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
We also have
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 2𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
Hence
3
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
Therefore
1 3
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = − 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2 2
𝟏𝟏
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 = (−𝒓𝒓 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)
𝟐𝟐
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(b) By finding , show that X is the midpoint of MS. [3]
The vector MX can be split into two vectors.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
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Since M is the midpoint of PR, we have
1
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
The ratio QX : XR is given as 1 : 3. Therefore the ratio RQ :
RX is 4 : 3.
3
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
4
We have:
1 3
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
2 4
1 3
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑟𝑟 + (−𝑟𝑟 + 𝑞𝑞)
2 4
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Combine the vectors.
1 3
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = − 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑞𝑞
4 4
We can see that:
1 1
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = −𝑟𝑟 + 3𝑞𝑞
2 2
𝟏𝟏
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 = 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴
𝟐𝟐
Hence proving that X is the midpoint of MS.
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Question 5
The position vector r is given by r = 2p + t(p + q).
(a) Complete the table below for the given values of t.

Write each vector in its simplest form.
One result has been done for you.
t 0 1 2 3
r 4p + 2q
[3]
𝑡𝑡 0 1 2 3
𝑟𝑟⃗ 𝟐𝟐𝒑𝒑 𝟑𝟑𝒑𝒑 + 𝒒𝒒 𝟒𝟒𝒑𝒑 + 𝟐𝟐𝒒𝒒 𝟓𝟓𝒑𝒑 + 𝟑𝟑𝒒𝒒
(b) O is the origin and p and q are shown on the diagram.
(i) Plot the 4 points given by the position vectors in the table.
[2]
O p
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(ii) What can you say about these four points? [1]
They create a straight line (colinear).
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Question 6
g
NOT TO
SCALE
O
N
h
In triangle OGH, the ratio GN : NH = 3 : 1.
= g and = h.
Find the following in terms of g and h, giving your answers in their simplestform.
(a) [1]
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 = 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
= −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑔𝑔⃗
= 𝒈𝒈 − 𝒉𝒉
(b) [2]
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
3
= 𝑔𝑔⃗ + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
4
3
= 𝑔𝑔⃗ + −𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻
4
3
= 𝑔𝑔⃗ + ℎ − 𝑔𝑔⃗
4
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑
= 𝒈𝒈 + 𝒉𝒉
𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
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Question 7
P Q
p M
O r R
O is the origin and OPQR is a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect at M.
The vector OP is represented by p and the vector is represented by r.
(a) Write down a single vector which is represented by
(i) p + r, [1]
𝒑𝒑 + 𝒓𝒓 = 𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶
(ii) [1]
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟐
𝒑𝒑 + 𝟐𝟐 𝒓𝒓 = 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 = 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹
(b) On the diagram, mark with a cross (x) and label with the letter S the point with position vector
[2]
3
The point S is halfway up the parallelogram and 4 along from O, given by
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟐
𝒑𝒑 + 𝟒𝟒 𝒓𝒓 = 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
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Vectors
Difficulty: Easy
Model Answers 3
Level IGCSE
Exam Board CIE
Sub-Topic Vectors
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Easy
Score: /29
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
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Question 1
G F E D
O a A B C
The diagram is made from three identical parallelograms.
O is the origin. = a and = g.
Write down in terms of a and g
(a) , [1]
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 2a
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = -𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = -g
𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮 = 2a – g
(b) the position vector of the centre of the parallelogram BCDE. [1]
The centre of the parallelogram BCDE is the intersection of its diagonals, BD and CE.
The intersection of the 2 diagonals is the mid-point of each of the 2 diagonals.
Therefore, the mid-point of EC has the position:
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 1 1
Centre of the parallelogram = 𝟐𝟐 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 + 𝟐𝟐 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = 2 2 𝒂𝒂 + 2 𝒈𝒈
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Question 2
O p
A B
O is the origin. Vectors p and q are shown in the diagram.
(a) Write down, in terms of p and q, in their simplest form
(i) the position vector of the point A, [1]
𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶 = −𝟑𝟑𝒑𝒑 − 𝟐𝟐𝒒𝒒
(ii) BC , [1]
𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 = −𝟑𝟑𝒑𝒑 + 𝟒𝟒𝒒𝒒
(iii) BC − AC . [2]
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑝𝑝⃗ + 4𝑞𝑞⃗
Hence
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 − 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
= 4𝑞𝑞⃗ − 3𝑝𝑝⃗ − 𝑝𝑝⃗ − 4𝑞𝑞⃗
= −𝟒𝟒𝒑𝒑
(b) If | p | = 2, write down the value of | AB |. [1]
The length of 𝑝𝑝⃗ is 2, hence
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 4 × 2
= 𝟖𝟖
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Question 3
O is the origin, OA = a and OB = b.

1 2
(a) C has position vector 3 a + 3 b.
Mark the point C on the diagram. [1]
(b) Write down, in terms of a and b, the position vector of the point E. [1]
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶 = 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑
(c) Find, in terms of a and b, the vector EB . [2]
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
1 1
= − 𝑎𝑎⃗ − 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑏𝑏
2 3
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
= − 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑
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Question 4
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(b) ABCD is a parallelogram.

Write down the coordinates of D. [2]
Since ABCD is a parallelogram, AB will be parallel with CD and BC will be parallel with
AD.
Using the grid above, we can draw the parallelogram ABCD.
According to the grid, D has the coordinates D (5, 1).
(c) Calculate . [2]
The modulus of a vector represents its magnitude.
𝑥𝑥
For a column vector 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑦𝑦
, the modulus of the vector will be:
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝐱𝐱 𝟐𝟐 + 𝐲𝐲 𝟐𝟐
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In our case, x = 3 and y = 5.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 32 + 52
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 34
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 5.83
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Question 5
C B
c
M
O a A
OABC is a parallelogram. = a, = c and M is the mid-point of CA.

Find in terms of a and c
(a) , [1]
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
= 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒄𝒄
(b) ,
[1]
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = −𝒄𝒄 + 𝒂𝒂
= 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒄𝒄
(c) . [2]
1 1
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = −𝒂𝒂 + 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒄𝒄
2 2
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
= − 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
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Question 6
A
NOT TO
SCALE
O
T
B
Q
[2]
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
2
OA = 3 OP
2
Therefore: 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 3 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = - 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
2 2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = − 3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = − 3
p
𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = − 𝟑𝟑
p+q
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𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = -𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = -p
3
OB = 4 OQ
3 3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 4 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 4 q
𝟑𝟑
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 = p - 𝟒𝟒 q
[2]
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = -𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
1
TB = 3 BP
1
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 3 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = -𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
3
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = -p + 4 q
3
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = p - 4 q
1 3
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 3(p - 4 q)
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3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 4 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
1 1
Therefore: 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 4 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 4 q
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 - 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
1 3 1
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 3(p - 4 q) - 4 q
1 1 1
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 3p - 4q - 4 q
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 = 𝟑𝟑p - 𝟐𝟐q
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Question 7
4 a= ()
2
−3
and b =
()
−1
5
Find 3a - 2b. [2]
2 5
3a – 2b = 3( ) – 2( )
−3 −1
6 10
3a – 2b = ( )–( )
−9 −2
−𝟒𝟒
3a – 2b = ( )
−𝟕𝟕
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Vectors
Difficulty: Hard
Model Answers 1
Level IGCSE
Exam Board CIE
Sub-Topic Vectors
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Hard
Score: /22
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
42/107
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Question 1
b K
NOT TO
SCALE
O a A
O is the origin and K is the point on AB so that AK : KB = 2 : 1.

OA = a and OB = b.
Find the position vector of K.

Give your answer in terms of a and b in its simplest form. [3]
2
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
3
2
= 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏 − 𝑎𝑎⃗
3
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
= 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
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Question 2
NOT TO
p Z SCALE
O Q
q
O is the origin, OP = p and OQ = q.

Z is a point on PQ such that PZ : ZQ = 5 : 2.
Work out, in terms of p and q, the position vector of Z.

Give your answer in its simplest form. [3]
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
5
= 𝑝𝑝⃗ + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
7
5
= 𝑝𝑝⃗ + 𝑞𝑞⃗ − 𝑝𝑝⃗
7
𝟐𝟐 𝟓𝟓
= 𝒑𝒑 + 𝒒𝒒
𝟕𝟕 𝟕𝟕
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Question 3
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ?
C
−4
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 =
0
Points A and B are marked on the grid.
(a) On the grid, plot the point C. [1]
(b) Write AC as a column vector. [1]
To get from A to C, you need to go down 3 units, and across 1 units. This looks like this:
𝟏𝟏
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 =
−𝟑𝟑
(c) DE is a vector that is perpendicular to BC .

The magnitude of DE is equal to the magnitude of BC .
Write down a possible column vector for DE . [2]
BC is horizontal. As DE is perpendicular to BC, we know that it is vertical. If the
magnitude is the same, then the vector crosses the same number of units, either
upwards or downwards. An option is
𝟎𝟎
𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 =
−𝟒𝟒
There is another option of:
𝟎𝟎
𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 =
𝟒𝟒
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Question 4
Work out
[1]
3 1 2×3 1
2× − = −
5 2 2×5 2
2×3−1
=
2×5−2
𝟓𝟓
=
𝟖𝟖
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Question 5
𝑝𝑝⃗ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
NOT TO
SCALE
𝑞𝑞⃗ Q
In the diagram, O is the origin, OA = a, OC = c and AB = b.

P is on the line AB so that AP : PB = 2 : 1.
Q is the midpoint of BC.
Find, in terms of a, b and c, in its simplest form
(a) CB, [1]
𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒄𝒄
(b) the position vector of Q, [2]
1
𝑞𝑞⃗ = 𝑐𝑐⃗ + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
2
1
= 𝑐𝑐⃗ + −𝑐𝑐⃗ + 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏
2
𝟏𝟏
= (𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝒄𝒄)
𝟐𝟐
(c) PQ. [2]
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = −𝑝𝑝⃗ + 𝑞𝑞⃗
2
𝑝𝑝⃗ = 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏
3
2 1
→ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = −𝑎𝑎⃗ − 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐⃗
3 2
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
= − 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒃𝒃 + 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟔 𝟐𝟐
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Question 6
AB =
Find AB . [2]
The modulus of a vector is found by square-rooting the sum of the squares of its
elements.
−3
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = = (−3)2 +52 = 34
5
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
= 𝟓𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
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Question 7
NOT TO
SCALE
b
C
O a A
In the diagram, O is the origin, OA = a and OB = b.

C is on the line AB so that AC : CB = 1 : 2.
Find, in terms of a and b, in its simplest form,
(a) AC , [2]
Since AC:CB = 1:2, we can say that 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
The vector AB can be split into two vectors.

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
It is important to remember that for vectors: 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.

Using this fact:
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
We know that:
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
Divide both sides by 3 to get the AC:
−𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 =
𝟑𝟑
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(b) the position vector of C. [2]
The position vector of C (OC) can be split into two vectors.
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
We know AC from part a)
−𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑎𝑎 +
3
3𝑎𝑎 −𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = +
3 3
Add the fractions together.
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 =
𝟑𝟑
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Vectors
Difficulty: Hard
Model Answers 2
Level IGCSE
Exam Board CIE
Sub-Topic Vectors
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Hard
Score: /26
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
51/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 1
Q b R NOT TO
SCALE
P M S
PQRS is a quadrilateral and M is the midpoint of PS.

PQ = a, QR = b and SQ = a – 2b.
(a) Show that PS = 2b. [1]
The vector PS can be split into two vectors.
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
It is important to remember that for vectors: 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵.
Using this fact:
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 − 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑎𝑎 − (𝑎𝑎 − 2𝑏𝑏)
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
(b) Write down the mathematical name for the quadrilateral PQRM, giving reasons for youranswer. [2]
The mathematical name for PQRM is a parallelogram.
We know this because QR and PM are equal in length and parallel to each other.
1
(M is a midpoint of PS, therefore 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 2 2𝑎𝑎 = 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄)
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Question 2
B M P
NOT TO
X SCALE
b
O a A
OAPB is a parallelogram.
O is the origin, OA = a and OB = b.
M is the midpoint of BP.
(a) Find, in terms of a and b, giving your answer in its simplest form,
(i) BA, [1]
The vector BA can be split into two vectors.
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
It is important to remember that for vectors: 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.
Using this fact:
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −𝒃𝒃 + 𝒂𝒂
(ii) the position vector of M. [1]
Since M is the midpoint of BP, BM=1/2 BP.
OAPB is a parallelogram, therefore 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵.
1 1
This means that 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 2 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 2 𝑎𝑎
The position vector of M can be split into two vectors.
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝟏𝟏
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒃𝒃 + 𝒂𝒂
𝟐𝟐
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(b) X is on BAso that BX : XA = 1 : 2.
Show that X lies on OM. [4]
Since BX:XA = 1:2, the length of BX is one third of the length of BA.
1
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
3
The vector OX can be split into two vectors:
1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
3
Using part a)i)
1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑏𝑏 + (−𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎)
3
2 1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎
3 3
1
From part a) ii), we know that 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑏𝑏 + 2 𝑎𝑎
Multiply both sides by 2/3.
2 2 1
3 3 2
2 2 1
3 3 3
2
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
3
This means that X lies on OM.
54/107
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Question 3
(a)
S R
NOT TO
b SCALE
P 2a Q
PQRS is a trapezium with PQ = 2SR.

= 2a and = b.
Find in terms of a and b in its simplest form. [2]
The vector QR can be split into more vectors.
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
We use the fact that PQ=2SR (so SR= ½ PQ)
1
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
It is important to remember that for vectors: 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = −𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃.
1
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = −𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
Use known values for the vectors. 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 2𝑎𝑎 and 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑏𝑏
1
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = −2𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + × 2𝑎𝑎
2
𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 = −𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 = 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒂𝒂
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(b)
X
M
x NOT TO
SCALE
O y Y
= x and = y.
M is a point on XY such that XM : MY = 3 : 5.
Find in terms of x and y in its simplest form. [2]
The vector OM can be split into more vectors.
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋
Since XM:MY = 3:5, we can say that XM:XY = 3:8.
3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋
8
Split vector XY into two vectors. It is important to remember that for vectors: 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 =
−𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.
3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + (𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂)
8
3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + (−𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂)
8
Use known values for the vectors. 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑦𝑦
3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑥𝑥 + (−𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)
8
3 3
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦
8 8
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We get the final answer:
𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟑
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚
𝟖𝟖 𝟖𝟖
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Question 4
C B
NOT TO
c X SCALE
O a A
The diagram shows a quadrilateral OABC.

= a, = c and = 2a.
X is a point on OB such that OX : XB = 1 : 2.
(a) Find, in terms of a and c, in its simplest form
(i) , [1]
= 𝒄𝒄 − 𝒂𝒂
(ii) . [3]
1
= −𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
3
We need to find 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂:
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
= 𝑐𝑐⃗ + 2𝑎𝑎⃗
Hence:
1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗ + 2𝑎𝑎⃗
3
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
= 𝒄𝒄 − 𝒂𝒂
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
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(b) Explain why the vectors and show that C, X and A lie on a straight line. [2]
We can see that 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 is a scalar multiple of 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨:
𝟏𝟏
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝟑𝟑
This means that they are parallel.
They also share a common point, A, therefore A, C, and X
lie on a straight line.
59/107
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Question 5
A P Q
B
NOT TO
SCALE
a
b
The diagram shows two points, P and Q, on a straight line AB.

P is the midpoint of AB and Q is the midpoint of PB.
O is the origin, = a and = b.
Write down, in terms of a and b, in its simplest form [2]
(a) ,
1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
2
Need to find 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
= 𝑏𝑏 − 𝑎𝑎⃗
Hence
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒂𝒂
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
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(b) the position vector of Q. [2]
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
3
= 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
4
3
= 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏 − 𝑎𝑎⃗
4
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑
= 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
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Question 6
R Q
NOT TO
r SCALE
M
O p P
OPQR is a trapezium with RQ parallel to OP and RQ = 2OP.

O is the origin, = p and = r.
M is the midpoint of PQ.
Find, in terms of p and r, in its simplest form [1]
(a) ,
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
= −𝑝𝑝⃗ + 𝑟𝑟⃗ + 2𝑝𝑝⃗
𝒓𝒓 + 𝒑𝒑
(b) , the position vector of M. [2]
1
= 𝑝𝑝⃗ + 𝑟𝑟⃗ + 𝑝𝑝⃗
2
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑
𝒓𝒓 + 𝒑𝒑
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
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Vectors
Difficulty: Hard
Model Answers 3
Level IGCSE
Exam Board CIE
Sub-Topic Vectors
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Hard
Score: /30
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
63/107
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Question 1
D B
c
O
a
E A
O is the origin. F
ABCDEF is a regular hexagon and O is the midpoint of AD.
= a and = c.
Find, in terms of a and c, in their simplest form
(a) , [2]
We know that:
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
And also that AB is equal to OC since they are parallel
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝒄𝒄
But BO is in the opposite direction to OB, so:
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
And since O is midpoint of AD, and this is a regular hexagon, O must be
midpoint of BE as well, making BO half of BE:
2𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
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Therefore,
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒄𝒄
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −(𝒂𝒂 + 𝒄𝒄)
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −2 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒄𝒄
𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 = −𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
(b) , [2]
We formulate first the equation containing DB:
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 + 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
Rearrange to make DB the subject:
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 − 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
We can easily find EB from previously, just flip the sign:
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −2𝒂𝒂 − 2𝒄𝒄
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 2𝒂𝒂 + 2𝒄𝒄
ED is parallel to AB and is equivalent as they are both sides of a regular hexagon:
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝒄𝒄
Hence,
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 − 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
= 2𝒂𝒂 + 2𝒄𝒄 − 𝒄𝒄
= 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒄𝒄
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(c) the position vector of E. [2]
The position vector of E is given by the vector of E from origin, OE.
In this case, for a regular hexagon, OE will be half of BE, since O is the midpoint.
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 =
2
= −𝒂𝒂 − 𝒄𝒄
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Question 2
A C B D
a
b
A and B have position vectors a and b relative to the origin O.

C is the midpoint of AB and B is the midpoint of AD.
Find, in terms of a and b, in their simplest form

[2]
(a) the position vector of C,
C is the mid-point of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, therefore the position of C is half of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴.
Therefore:
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = − 𝟐𝟐 a + 𝟐𝟐 b
(b) the vector . [2]
B is the mid-point of AD, therefore:
1
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
C is the mid-point of AB, therefore:
1
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
By looking at the diagram, we see that𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶= 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
1 1
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
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1
We know that AB = 2 AD
1
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 12 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = b - a
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = 1𝟐𝟐 b - 1𝟐𝟐 a
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Question 3
O a A
c M
C 4a B
O is the origin, = a, = c and = 4a.

M is the midpoint of AB.
(a) Find, in terms of a and c, in their simplest form
(i) the vector , [2]
By looking at the diagram, we can see that in the
trapezium OABC, the vector AB will be:
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = a => 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = -a
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = c
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 4a
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = -a + c + 4a
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 3a + c
(ii) the position vector of M. [2]
M is the mid-point of the vector 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, therefore its position will be half of
the position of 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴.
From i), we know that 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 3a + c
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1 1
M will have the position: 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = a + 2
(3a) + 2 c
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
= 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 a + 𝟐𝟐 c
(b) Mark the point D on the diagram where = 3a + c. [2]
D
a
3a
3
We mark a point D on the vector 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 which is 4 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶.
Therefore:
3
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = x 4a
4
For the point D marked on the diagram above, the vector
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = c
𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶 = 3a + c
70/107
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Question 4
C P B
NOT TO
SCALE
M
Q
c
O A
a
O is the origin and OABC is a parallelogram.

CP = PB and AQ = QB.
= a and =c.
Find in terms of a and c, in their simplest form,
(a) , [2]
The vector PQ can be split into two vectors.
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
It is important to remember that for vectors:
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = −𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶.
Since OABC is a parallelogram, we have:
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
From the fact that CP = PB and AQ = QB, we deduce that P and Q are midpoints, hence:
1 1 1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒂𝒂
2 2 2
1 1 1
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒄𝒄
2 2 2
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Putting all this together:
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 − 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 = 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
(b) the position vector of M, where M is the midpoint of PQ. [2]
M is the midpoint of PQ, implying:
1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
The position vector of M can be expressed as a sum of multiple vectors (we
gradually expand to end up with vectors that we know):
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
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We substitute using the previous known equations (including CP = PB).
1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2
Express the vectors in terms of a and c.
1 1 1 1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒄𝒄 + 𝒂𝒂 + ( 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒄𝒄)
2 2 2 2
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶 = 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒄𝒄
𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
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Question 5
= a + tb and = a + (3t – 5)b where t is a number.
Find the value of t when = . [2]
𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑡𝑡𝑏𝑏 = 𝑎𝑎⃗ + 3𝑡𝑡 − 5 𝑏𝑏
Comparing coefficients, we have that
𝑡𝑡 = 3𝑡𝑡 − 5
Add 5 to both sides and subtract t from both sides
→ 2𝑡𝑡 = 5
Divide through by 2
𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏
→ 𝒕𝒕 = = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
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Question 6
V W
a b
U P
T Q
S R
The origin O is the centre of the octagon PQRSTUVW.

= a and = b.
(a) Write down in terms of a and b
(i) , [1]
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 + 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊
𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽 = a + b
(ii) ,
[1]
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = -𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 = -b
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 = a – b
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(iii) , [1]
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 + 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 + 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 + 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = a – b + a + a + b + b
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 = 3a + b
(iv) the position vector of the point P. [1]
The position vector of point P is 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.
1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 2 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 2 (3a + b)
𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏
𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶 = 𝟐𝟐 a + 𝟐𝟐b
(b) In the diagram, 1 centimetre represents 1 unit.

Write down the value of [2]
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = a – b
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏
=4
(1 cm = 1 unit)
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Question 7
C B
OABC is a parallelogram. = a and = c.
M is the mid-point of OB.
c Find in terms of a and c.
M
O a A
[2]
Using the triangle rule, we subtract the vectors a and c to obtain the vector 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶.
a – c = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
M is the mid-point of the diagonal OB in the parallelogram ABCO. Therefore, M is also
the mid-point of the diagonal CA.
CA
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 2
𝐚𝐚−𝐜𝐜
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 = 𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
= 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
77/107
Combined By NESRINE
Transformations
Difficulty: Easy
Model Answers 1
Level IGCSE
Exam Board CIE
Sub-Topic Transformations
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Easy
Score: /23
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
78/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 1
11
10
7
A
6
3 B
2
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B. [3]
Enlargement, scale factor 1/3, centre (2, 1).
79/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 2
M(Y) is the image of the shape Y after reflection in the line x = 2.
On the grid, draw MT(A), the image of shape A after the transformation MT. [3]
In this question we need to first translate, and then reflect the shape
X=2
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
−1
𝑇𝑇 =
MT(A) T(A) 3
80/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 3
(a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangleB. [3]
Change in size so it’s an Enlargement – need to find Centre and Scale Factor.
Draw lines through equivalent points on A and B – where they cross is Centre: −1, 3
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐵𝐵 2 1
Use equivalent sides to find Scale Factor = 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐴𝐴 = 4 = 2
Enlargement, Centre −𝟏𝟏, 𝟑𝟑 , Scale Factor 𝟐𝟐
81/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 4
Draw the image of shape A after a translation by the vector [2]
This translation represents a shift by 2 units in the positive x direction and by 3 units in the
negative y direction.
The new triangle has vertices (3,-2), (4,-2) and (4,-1).
82/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 5
(a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle S onto triangle T. [3]
When we join the corresponding vertices of triangles S and T, the lines meet at the
origin (0,0).
The distance from (0,0) to a vertex of triangle T is half the distance from (0,0) to a
corresponding vertex of triangle S.
This suggests that the scale factor of the enlargement is 1/2.
The transformation is an enlargement with centre (0,0) and the scale factor ½ .
83/107
Combined By NESRINE
(b) Find the matrix which represents the transformation that maps triangle S onto triangle T. [2]
The value of every coordinate has to be halved.
𝟏𝟏/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎
This can be achieved by a matrix
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏/𝟐𝟐
1
1/2 0 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑥𝑥
Example: 𝑦𝑦 =
0 1/2 1
𝑦𝑦
2
84/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 6
Find the 2 × 2 matrix that represents a rotation through 90° clockwise about (0, 0). [2]
cos 𝑥𝑥 − sin 𝑥𝑥
A general matrix for rotation looks like where x is an angle of
sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥
anticlockwise rotation.
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
This matrix becomes for x=- 90°(minus sign because we want a clockwise
−𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
rotation).
This is a matrix that represents a rotation through 90° clockwise about (0,0)
85/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 7
17 (p, q) is the image of the point (x, y) under this combined transformation.
(a) Draw the image of the triangle under the combined transformation. [3]
𝑝𝑝 −1 0 𝑥𝑥 3
𝑞𝑞 = 0 1 𝑦𝑦 + 2
Multiply the matrix with x and y,
𝑝𝑝 −𝑥𝑥 3
𝑞𝑞 = 𝑦𝑦 + 2
−𝒙𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑
=
𝒚𝒚 + 𝟐𝟐
Therefore the transformations are:
1. Changing the sign of x and translating it by 3 units along the x axis
2. Translating 2 units along the y axis
86/107
Combined By NESRINE
(b) Describe fully the single transformation represented by [2]
It is a reflection on the y-axis.
87/107
Combined By NESRINE
Transformations
Difficulty: Easy
Model Answers 2
Level IGCSE
Exam Board CIE
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Easy
Score: /30
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
88/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 1
y
R
2
1
P Q
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1
–2
The triangle PQR has co-ordinates P(-1, 1), Q(1, 1) and R(1, 2).
(a) Rotate triangle PQR by 90° clockwise about (0, 0).

Label your image P'Q'R'. [2]
89/107
Combined By NESRINE
(b) Reflect your triangle P'Q'R' in the line y = − x .

Label your image P''Q''R''. [2]
(c) Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle PQR onto triangle P''Q''R''. [2]
A reflection in the line 𝒚𝒚 = 𝟎𝟎 (the x-axis)
90/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 2
y
3
D C D' C'
2
1
A B A' B'
0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A″ B″
–1
–2
D″ C″
(a) Describe the single transformation which maps ABCD onto A' B' C' D'. [3]
It is a shear of scale factor 3 with x-axis invariant.
(b) A single transformation maps A' B' C' D' onto A" B" C" D". [2]
Find the matrix which represents this transformation.
It is a reflection in the x-axis, i.e.
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 → −𝑦𝑦
This is represented by
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
We can see this by
1 0 x x
0 −1 y = −y
91/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 3
On the grid on the next page, draw the image of PQRS after the transformation represented by BA. [5]
We apply A first, so we have
0 1 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 =
1 0 𝑥𝑥
A reflection in the line 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥. Now apply B
0 −1 𝑦𝑦 −𝑥𝑥
= −𝑦𝑦
−1 0 𝑥𝑥
From the original shape this is a reflection in x-axis and a reflection in the y-axis
(drawn in blue).
92/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 4
y
3
2
A B
1
0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B. [3]
Shear, scale factor 2, 𝒙𝒙 axis invariant.
(b) Find the 2 × 2 matrix which represents this transformation. [2]
We require
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 →
𝑦𝑦
This is done using the matrix
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
93/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 5
y
8
5
A
4
2
B
1
x
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(a) Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle A onto triangle B. [2]
The single transformation which maps triangle A onto triangle B is a reflection
with the mirror line the line of equation y = x, represented on the figure below in
green. The distance from each point of the object and corresponding point of the
image to the mirror line is equal. The distances are also perpendicular on the
mirror line.
y=x
90°
94/107
Combined By NESRINE
(b) On the grid, draw the image of triangle A after rotation by 90° clockwise about the point (4, 4). [2]
The point of coordinates (4, 4) is marked on the figure above in blue. The figure is
rotated about this point clockwise, to the right, and by 90°. In other words, the
distance from a point of the object to this point and the distance from the
corresponding point of the image to this point form a 90° angle and are equal in
length.
95/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 6
17 (a)
Draw the shear of the shaded square with the x-axis invariant and the point (0, 2)
mapping onto the point (3, 2). [2]
x-axis invariant – the shear happens parallel to the x-axis
96/107
Combined By NESRINE
(b)
(i) Draw the one-way stretch of the shaded square with the x-axis invariant and the
point (0, 2) mapping onto the point (0, 6). [2]
x-axis invariant – so the x coordinates of each point remains the same while the y
coordinates change, parallel to the y-axis.
Point (0, 2) is mapped onto point (0, 6), therefore, the sides are stretch in the vertical
direction by 3.
97/107
Combined By NESRINE
(ii) Write down the matrix of this stretch. [1]
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 0
( )( )=( )
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 0 0 2 2 0 0 6 6
The matrix for this stretch multiplied by the matrix representing the
object results in the matrix representing the image.
The matrix giving this stretch is:
𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
( )=( )
𝒄𝒄 𝒅𝒅 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑
98/107
Combined By NESRINE
Transformations
Difficulty: Hard
Model Answers 1
Level IGCSE
Exam Board CIE
Paper Paper 2
Difficulty Hard
Score: /24
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E
>88% 76% 63% 51% 40% 30%

9 8 7 6 5 4 3
>94% 85% 77% 67% 57% 47% 35%
99/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 1
19 (a)
Describe fully the single transformation represented by N. [3]
We have that
0 1 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 =
−1 0 −𝑥𝑥
Hence 𝑁𝑁 represents a rotation, 90˚ clockwise, about the
origin.
(b) Find the matrix which represents the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangleB. [2]
y
7
4
A
3
2
B
1
x
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
That is a reflection through the line 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥, hence we have
the matrix representation
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
100/107
Combined By NESRINE
(c) On the grid, draw the image of triangle A under a stretch, factor 3, with the y-axis invariant. [2]
Blue triangle drawn on graph below.
101/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 2
(a) Draw the image of triangle A after a translation by the vector . [2]
The blue shape above.
(b) Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle A onto triangleB. [3]
A rotation, centre (1, 0), of 180˚.
102/107
Combined By NESRINE
(c) Draw the image of triangle A after the transformation represented by the matrix [3]
We have
−2 0 𝑥𝑥 −2𝑥𝑥
0 1 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑦𝑦
This is the orange shape drawn above.
103/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 3
Find the matrix which represents the combined transformation of a reflection in the x axis followed by
a reflection in the line y = x. [3]
Reflection in the x-axis means that
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 → −𝑦𝑦
Which is represented by
1 0
0 −1
Reflection in the line y = x means that
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 → 𝑥𝑥
Which is represented by
0 1
1 0
The x-axis reflection is done first, so we have the transformation
0 1 1 0 𝑥𝑥
1 0 0 −1 𝑦𝑦
104/107
Combined By NESRINE
Multiplying the two 2 x 2 matrices together will gives us the matrix
representation of the total transformation.
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 −1
0 × 1 + 1 × 0 0 × 0 + 1 × −1
=
1 × 1 + 0 × 0 1 × 0 + 0 × −1
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
=
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
105/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 4
(a) A transformation is represented by the matrix
(i) On the grid above, draw the image of triangle A after this transformation. [2]
The blue triangle on the graph below
We have that
0 −1 𝑥𝑥 −𝑦𝑦
−1 0 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥
(ii) Describe fully this transformation. [2]
It is a reflection in the line 𝒚𝒚 = −𝒙𝒙
106/107
Combined By NESRINE
Question 4
(b) Find the 2 by 2 matrix representing the transformation which maps triangle A onto triangle B. [2]
We require
𝑥𝑥 −𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 → 𝑥𝑥
Which is done by the matrix
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
107/107

7.Nesrine-Vectors and transformations-MS-P2

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Combined By NESRINE

1 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

2 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

(c) Writ e d o w n t w o v e ct ors t h at c a n b e writt e n as 3 a - b . [ 2]

3 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

4 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

5 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

6 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

7 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝒂𝒂 𝒕𝒕 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪 𝒐𝒐 𝑪𝑪 : (𝟖𝟖 𝟕𝟕 ,𝟖𝟖 𝟑𝟑 )

8 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

O P Q R is a p ar all el o gr a m, wit h O t h e ori gi n.

a n d 𝑡𝑡 tr a v el t h e s a m e dist a n c e a n d t h e s a m e dir e cti o n al o n g e a c h of t h e

9 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

10 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

( a) Writ e d o w n t h e g e o m etri c al n a m e f or t his p ol y g o n. [ 1]

11 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

12 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

13 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

14 M o d el a n s w er s ar e c o p yri g ht. © 2 0 1 9 S a v e M y E x a m s Lt d. All ri g ht s r e s er v e d.

Time allowed: 37 minutes

CIE IGCSE Maths (0580)

CIE IGCSE Maths (0980)

O is the origin and OPQRST is a regular hexagon.

Find, in terms of p and t, in their simplest forms,

(c) the position vector of R. [2]

O is the origin and OPRQ is a parallelogram.

Find, in terms of p and q, in their simplest forms

𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄

The points A(1, 2) and B(5, 5) are shown on the diagram .

(a) Work out the co-ordinates of the midpoint of AB. [1]

We represent the mid-point of AB with the point M(xM, yM).

The mid-point is:

(b) Write down the column vector . [1]

and as bottom value the change in y.

(a) Find, in terms of q and r,

The vector RQ can be split into two vectors.

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

It is important to remember that for vectors:

Using this fact:

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

The vector MS can be split into two vectors.

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = −𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Since M is the midpoint of PR, we have

(b) By finding , show that X is the midpoint of MS. [3]

The vector MX can be split into two vectors.

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Since M is the midpoint of PR, we have

The ratio QX : XR is given as 1 : 3. Therefore the ratio RQ :

Combine the vectors.

We can see that:

Hence proving that X is the midpoint of MS.

The position vector r is given by r = 2p + t(p + q).

(a) Complete the table below for the given values of t.

𝑟𝑟⃗ 𝟐𝟐𝒑𝒑 𝟑𝟑𝒑𝒑 + 𝒒𝒒 𝟒𝟒𝒑𝒑 + 𝟐𝟐𝒒𝒒 𝟓𝟓𝒑𝒑 + 𝟑𝟑𝒒𝒒

(b) O is the origin and p and q are shown on the diagram.

They create a straight line (colinear).

In triangle OGH, the ratio GN : NH = 3 : 1.

𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 = 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺

O is the origin and OPQR is a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect at M.

The vector OP is represented by p and the vector is represented by r.

(a) Write down a single vector which is represented by