D IES E L E N GIN ES

L A N D AN D M A R I N E WO R K

By A . P . (Z H A L K L E Y
“
B Sc
. .

WI T H AN I N T R O D UC T O R Y C HAP TE R 8?

DR . R UD O L F D IE S EL

S E C ON D E D I TI ON
’

NE W YOR K

D . VAN N O STR A N D C O M P A NY
25 P AR K P L AC E
 P R E FA C E

TH E in e t r t wh i h h b es d in th i
c o try v r th
as e e n ro u s e s c un o e e

D ies el m otor i th l t tw y r i r m rk bl f i t
n e as o ea s s e a a e or s

s p o tn an e i ty d i t w i
and p r d h r t
s r T h r o
esn i ea c a ac e . e eas s

no t f arto k Th q ti o i volv dsee . n t m r ly

e u es ns n e a re o e e

t l ni
cc i l b t f f
ca ,
ur hi g omm r i l i mp ort n
o ar -

e ac nd n c e c a a ce , a

h e n ce areby n m li m i t d in th i r di
o ea ns i on to th e e scu ss e

en g i n r i
ee g onmm ni tyc T h A thor hu k p t th i.
p o i n t e u as e s

i n mi nd in d ling wi th th ea bj t d h d vo r d t e su ec an a s en ea u e o

r d r th book i t bl to ll tho wh f wi d ly di fi i g
en e e su a e a se o, or e er n

r on fi d i t n
ea s s, n ry to b om q int d with th
eces sa ec e ac ua e e

Di e sel ngi n e d i t i w i th i t t th t
e , an rt i l m t y
s n en a ce a n e e en ar

m t t r h v b n in l d d to i d th
a e s a e ee n t hni l r d r
c u e a e no -
ec ca ea e .

H i th rto n book h
e , o b p bli h d d ling ol ly wi th as e en u s e ea s e

t hi typ
s f m otor b t i t i h rdly
e o , ry to y th t th
u s a nece ss a sa a e

i m p ort it h
a n ce n w tt in d i mor th n ffi i nt t
as o a a e s e a su c e o

w r t
ar a n h n nd rt king
su c a u e a .

In isc e nce , it i o m tim p o ibl in t king wi d

s s e es ss e, a a e

su rv y to r i v t n p proxi m t i d
e , a r e a a to th prob bl
a a e ea a s e a e

f t r
u u e d v lop m n te e in ny p rti e l r di r ti on
s Th a a cu a ec . e

g e ne ar l d opat i o f D i l n
n og i n n l d i r
ese d d e es o an s a s su e , an ,

as a lr dy th r
ea om 3 00 v l i rvi p rop ll d by
e e a re s e e ss e s n se ce e e

th m hi n it wo l d m f t p r di t th t l rg
es e ac es , u s ee sa e o e c a a a e

d gr
e ee f o will b
succe ss obt in d t p rt i l rlye a e a se a , a cu a as

th e v ry d i r bl prob ti o ry p ri od
e es a e ry in y
a na e ,
n ece s s a an

en g i n r
eei n g d v l o p m et f e t h g th ri g f x pen ri ori e a e n o e e en ce , s

n ea rly t n nd S ho ld th xp t ti o whi h h v b n
a a e . u e e ec a ns c a e ee

form d b e b t p rti ll y r li d th
e u a ff t f th in tro
a ea ze ,
e e ec o e

d ti on f th D i
uc o l m otor w o ld till p rh p b
e ese m or u s e a s e e
vi P R EF ACE

i mp o rt nt th n th t p rod d by ny oth r r nt in v ti on
a a a u ce a e ece en

i n ng i
e rin g i n
n ee sc e ce .

Th A thor h
e u r i v d m h h lp from v i o m
as ece e uc e ar us a nu

f t ac urerst who m r f r n
o i m d in th t xt e e eT D ce s a e e e . o r .

E rn t Mii ll
s h wo l d l o wi h to xp r
er e u hi i nd bt dn a s s e e ss s e e es s ,

a nd i p rti
s l rly gr t f l f
a cu a th ki ndn D Dia e u l h or e ess r . es e as

s hown hi m nd th int r t h h t k n i n th pr p r ti on
, a e e es e as a e e e a a

o f t h b ok
e o .

A . P . CHAL K L E Y .

L ON D O N ,
D ecemb er, 1 9 1 l .
 C O N T E NT S

I N TROD UC TI ON

CHAP TE R

GE N E RAL THE ORY or H E AT E N GIN E S , S P E CI AL R E F E R

E N OE To D I E S E L E N GIN E S

CHAP TE R II

A CTI ON A ND WORK I N G o r TE E D I E S E L E N Gn I E

CHAP TE R 11 1

C ON S TRUC TI ON o n TH E D I E S E L E N Gm E

CH AP TE R IV

CHAP TE R V

TE S TI N G D I E S E L E N Gm E s

CH AP TE R VI

D I E S E L E N GI N E S F OB M ARI N E WO R E
vi l
v i ii O
C NTE NTS

CH A P TE R VI I P AGE
CON S TRUCTI ON or TE E D I E S E L MA R I N E E N GI N E

CHA P TE R VI I I

TH E F UT UR E o r TE E D I E S E L E N GIN E

AP P E N D IX

I ND Ex
 L I S T O F I L L US T R A T I O N S

TI TL E

I so th ermal a nd Adi ab ati c Curves

Co ns tan t Tem pe ra ture Cycl e D i agram

Co ns tant Vo lu m e Cycle D i a gra m
Co nst ant P ress ure Cy cle D i agram
Di esel Cy cle D i agra m
D i a gra m s h o win g acti o n o f D i es e l E ngi n e

D i a gra m S h o win g acti o n o f D i es e l E ngine

D i a gram S h owing acti on o f D i es e l E ng i ne

Two S trok e Cy cl e D i agram

-
.

Ge nera l Arran gem ent P lan of D i es el P lant

D i tto —E l eva ti o n

L ongi tudi na l S ecti o n ofM A N D i esel E ng ine

. . .

Trans verse S ecti on of M A N D i ese l E ngi ne

. . .

D i a gra m s h o w i ng Arrangem ent of Cams wi th Di es el

E ng i ne
F ue l I nle t Va lve , L e ver a nd Cam
F ue l I nlet Va l ve a nd P ul ve ri s er
F uel In l et Val ve of Ak ti eb o la ge t D i ese ls M o to rer Ty p e
M o u thp i ece , or B o tto m P art o f P ul veris e r
D i a gram S h o w ing Acti o n of P ulve rise r
Ai r I nle t a nd E xh a us t Valves i
(n secti o n )
E xhaus t Va l ve (secti o n )
Arra n ge m en t of Go vernor a nd F u el Valve of Mi rrlees ,
B ick erton D a y Typ e
F u el P u m p (Will a ms 8: R o b i nso n Typ e )
F ro nt E levat i o n o f M i rrlees D i esel E ngi ne
,

S id e E leva ti o n of Mi rrlees D iese l E n gi ne

ix
 L I S T OF IL L US TR ATI ONS
P A GE
L o ngi tu di n a l S ecti o n of 80 H P . . Nd
e er la n ds ch e

E n gi ne
Tra ns verse S e cti o n of 80 H P E ngi n e . .

P la n of 80 H P . . E n gi n e
Ar ra ngem e nt of Ai r I n le t
E xte rn al Vi ew Go verno r
,
-
an d F uel P um p
S ec ti o n of F u e l P u mp
M e th o d of re m o vi ng P is to n in Ned erla n ds ch e F ab ri ek

Nde erla nds ch e F a b ri ek E n gin e

P h o to o f Tos i Hi gh S p eed D i es el E n g i ne
P ho to o f Ak ti eb o la ge t D i es els M o to rer Hi gh S p e ed E n gin e
F ront S ecti on o f 600 B H P E ng in e Hi gh S p eed (Ned . . . .

F ab ) .

P h o to of MAN. . . B H P . . . H ori zo nta l E ngin e

P ho to of S ul zer Two Cy cle , -
B H P E ngi ne
. . .

O u tli ne D i m ens i on D ra wi n g of B H P
. . . E n gin e
P h o to of
S ul z er Two Cy cle B H P -
. . . E n g i ne
R ea vell Qua drup le x Com p resso r
S e c ti o n of s a m e

o m p resso r
C
’
R ea vall s

Mari n e Typ e Co m p res sor

of S ulz e r F o ur Cy cl e E ngi n es
O u tli n e D ra wi ng -

(to corre

s po nd w i th Ta b l e o f D i m e ns i o n s )

Cur ve s h o wi n g F u el Co ns um p ti on
Cu rve s h o wi n g F u el Co ns um pti o n
D i a g ram Of P osi ti on of Valves and P is ton in Two Cycle -

E ng i ne (to S ho w w orki ng )
Tw o Cy cl e E n gin e wi th S ca venge P o rts ins te d a of Val ves
S tea m d ri v e n Co m p ress o r
-

Ma ri ne S tea m d ri ve n Co m presso r
Co m pres sor for H P . . E ng i ne
S ecti o nal E l e v a ti o n of Two Cy cle S ul ze r M ari ne E ngi ne
-

P hoto of 4 00 H P . . S ul z er M ari n e E ngi ne

P hoto S ul ze r Mari ne E ngi ne
of

Ge nera l Ar ra n gem ent o f S h ip e qui p ped wi th S ulzer D i es e l

E ng i ne
 L I S T OF I L L US TR ATI ONS xi

Gen er al Arran gem ent of D i es el S h i p s ho wi ng Auxili a ri es

Gen era l Ar ran ge m e nt P la n of To rp ed o B o a t wi th S ul zer
E ngin es
D i tto fo r S u b m a ri nes
H P Ca re ls D i es el Ma ri n e E ng in e
’
. .

H P Carels D i e se l M a ri n e E ngi ne
’
. .

P ho to o f E n g i ne -
ro o m of Toi ler
Ge nera l Arra nge m e nt o f E n gi n e -
ro o m o f S hi p e qu i p p ed

wi th Ak ti e b o la g e t D i es e l M o to rer E ngi ne faci ng

P ho to o f K ru p p Tw o Cy cle B H P E n gi ne
-
. . .

D i a gra m Ca ms fo r K rup p
’
s h o w i ng Acti o n of s E ngi ne .

D ia gram m a ti c R ep rese nta ti o n of N urnb erg Two Cy cle

Ma ri ne E ngi n e , s ho wi n g S ca venge Arra n ge m ents
D i a gram illus tra ting Metho d of R e versi ng Nii m b erg
E n gi ne
Lo ngi tudi nal S ecti o n o f N urn b e rg M ari ne E ngine fa ci ng
P h o to of Nii rnb e rg Ma ri n e E ng i n e
D ra wi ng of 5 00 H P . . E ngine for Vulca nm
E ngi n e -
ro o m of Vulca nus

e la ti ve to D i es el P a tent S peci fica ti o n, a nd are re ferred

’
s to

i n the Ap p endi x .
 I N T R O D UC T I O N

B Y DR . R UD O L F D I E S E L

VE RY wi lli ngly d I d oto th A thor r q t to dd

a cce e e u
’
s e ue s a

a n i tro d
n ti o to thi book b
uc n sI m v ry gl d th t ,
e ca us e a e a a

a n tt mp t ho ld th b m d t p r t th bj t f
a e s u us e a e o ese n e su ec o

th D i
e l ngin in
es e e on i nd w ll ord r d form i v i w
e a c c se a e -
e e , n e

o f th mo nt f
e a u tt r d li t r t r th r i d li ng wi th
o sca e e e a u e e e s ea

th q e ti o
ues n .

S in i t fir t p p r
ce s s a bo t fo rt n y r g m ny
ea ance a u u ee ea s a o, a

thou d f Di l gin h v b i t ll d in ll ki d
san s o es e en es a e ee n ns a e a n s

o f f tori
ac i es ll i d tri l o
n a tri
n us nd l o i n th
a c un es , a a s e re

m t t or
o es c f th world
ners o p roo feh t h b obt i d as us een a ne

th t th m otor wh n prop rly i t ll d i r li bl m hi

a e ,
e e ns a e , s a e a e ac ne ,

w ho se o p r ti o i e a ti f tory th b t f other typ

n s as sa s ac as e es o es

o f en
gi d
ne , an i n g n ,r l i m p l re o w ie a
g t t
,h bS f
e , n o e a s e nce o

a ll xili ry pl nt nd b
au a a ,
th f l
a n b mp loy d
e ca u s e e ue ca e e e

di r t ly i th
ec n ylind r f th m otor in i t ori gin l n t r l
e c e o e s a a u a

c o di ti on wi tho t y pr i o t f m t y pro e
n , u an ev us rans or a or c ss .

I n1 89 7 w h ,
ft r fo r y r
en a ef di ffi lt u p i m t
ea s l o cu eX er en a

work I o mp l t d th c e eo tr ti o f th fir t omm r i lly

e c ns uc n o e s c e c a

s uccess u f l m otor i n th A g b rg Work i t w e u s

p ro l i m
u d s, as c a e

by th m ro e nu e
g i i
u s en g d i t i fi
neer n o m m i tt an d sc e n c c ee s a n

d p t ti on fro m v ri o
e u a s o n tri wh t t d th m hin
a us c u es , o es e e ac e,

th t high r h t ffi i y w tt i d by i t th n wi th y
a a e ea e c enc as a a ne a an

oth r known h t gi
e ea A en r lt f b q t x
ne . s a es u o su se uen e

p i
er e n ice p r nt i n d
ac th g
ce , d lai m p rov m t i
en th ra ua e en e

m f t r
a nu a c u e , s till b tt r r lt h v b e e obt in d d
es u s a e e en a e , an

a t th p r e t tim th th rm l ffi i y th motor tt i
e sen e e e a e c en c e a a ns

is u
p t bo u
o a t 4 8 p n t d t h
er ce ff t i v ffi i. nan y i n e e ec e e c e c

s om e c as es u p to r ly 3 5 p ne a t e r cen .

1
 I NTR OD UCI I ON
Te c hni
o y ro
kn wledge a nd sci ence are a lw a s p gr es s in g
ca l ,

t r y th
a nd i n la e da s r v
e s e figu es wil l b e e en fu rth r rov e i mp ed ,

r t tt o
b u t in the p e s en s a e o f o ur kn wledge a i g e e ffi ci enc h hr y
c an n ot r h by
b e e a c ed a ny p ro h
ces s for c a ng ing h t to
ea in
or rhr v
w k ; a fu t e a d ance s ee ms o y o b by
nl p ss i le a new

p ro ce s s oo vr o
f c n e s i n ,
th
w i a n esst y ov
e n i a ll n e l mtho
e d o f
o r to h h
p e a i n w i c w to
e d a y ca ot o v
n n c n c ei e -
.

h r or
T e ef e the D i e s el m otor h h v o
i s the engi ne w i c de el p s
p o r ro
w e f m t h e fu e l r ty
di e c l i n th r tho t
e cy li n d e w i u a ny

p r vo
e i u s t rans fo rm a tor ro
yp c t
e ss a nd i n a s e fficie n a ma nne r ,

a s , acc or to
di ng r t tt
the p es en s a e o f s ci ence see m s p s s i le o b ,

i t i th r for th
s e e i m pl t e d t th e s m t i m th m o t es an a e sa e e e s

ec o omi l p ow r m hin
n ca e ac e .

Th twese o di ti o xpl i it o c n whi h li

ns e i a n s s u ccess , c es n

th n ov l p ri i p l
e e f i t m tho d f o p r ti o
nc e o ds t i e o e a n an no n

c o tr ti o l i mprov m t or lt r ti o to li r ngi
ns uc na e en s a e a ns ea r e e ne

typ N t r ll y th q
es . a u a ti o f o tr ti o e ues d th ns o c ns uc n, an e

r f l d i gn f t h d t i l
ca e u es o f o i d r bl m om t i
e e a s , a re o c ns e a e en n

a Di l motor
es e i v ry gi b t th y
as n e en t th en ne u e a re o e

f th gr t i mp ort f th i m otor i n th w orld

’
ca u s e o e ea a n ce o s e s

i nd tryus .

A f rth r r u o f thi i mp o t
e eas li
n i th f t th t
or s r a n ce es n e ac a

th D i
e l g i n
es e h d troy
en d t h m
e o o p
aso ly fes o l d e e n o c a , an

h as i th m o t g
n r l w y olv d th p robl m f th
e s en e a a s e e e o e

e mp loym t f li q i d f l f en om oti v p rp o u ue Th D i l
or e u ses . e ese

motor h th b om i r l ti o to li q id f l wh t th
as us ec e n e a n u ue , a e

t m dg
s ea an g i to o
as en l b t i i m
n e a re
p l r d m or c a , u n a s e an e

ec no o m i l m r i t h by thi m
ca a nn e d o b l d th as s ea ns u e e

re s o r f m
u ce s o i th p h anf p o w rn d v l o
e s
p m t d e re o e e e en , an

fo un d m p l oym t f
e
p ro d t f
en t r w h i
or a h p r v i o l y uc o na u e c e us

lay id le .

o q
In th r of th Di l m otor h h d
c ns e uen ce e e e ese as a a

farr hing ff t i th li q i d f l i d try whi h i

-
eac e ec n e u ue n us , c s

now p rogr i g in w y th t o ld
ess n t p r vi o ly b a a a c u no e us e

anti ip t d I
c ot h r l g
a e . thi p oi t b t i tca nn e e en a r e on s n , u

m y in g
a r l b id th t owing to th i t t whi h th
en e a e sa a e n e re s c e

p tro
e l m p ro d r euh v t k i th i i m p ort n t m tt
u ce sr a e a en n s a a e ,

new w ll b i g on t tly op d t nd fr h d v lop

e s a re e n c s an e ne ou ,
a es e e
 INTR ODUCT I ON 3

ments i na ugu r t d nd th t from th l t t g ologi l

a e ,
a a e a es e ca

r h i t h b hown th t th r i prob bly m h

re se a c es as ee n s a e e s a as uc ,

d p rh p m or li q i d f l th
an e a s o l i th rth d
e, u ue an c a n e ea , an

m or ov r i m h m or f vo r b l
e e n d m or wi d ly di t i
uc e a u a e an e e s r

b t d g ograp hi l p o i ti o
u e e ca s ns .

Th t th a nd rt kin g d p d t
e u th
e
p atro l m s e en en on e e eu

i d try h v b
n us q lly tro gly i fl
a e ee n ed i ho wn by
ua s n n ue nce s s

th m rk d d v lo p m
e a t whi h in q i t r t ti m h
e e e en c u e ece n es as

o r d in th i l tr p or t tr d
ccu r e e
p i o l ly th g r t
an s a e, es ec a e ea

d v lo pm n t i th
e e mb r f t k v
e n l wh i h th m lv
e nu e o an es s e s c e se es

us e th D i l motor f
e ro
ese
p p l i o or u s n .

B t th i fl f th D i l i h or l d
’
u e n uen ce
g t w o e es e en ne on e s

i nd t y d o
us r t d h r Alr d y i
es no th y r 1 89 9 I
en e e . ea n e ea

e mp loy d i my m otor th b y p ro d t fro m th d i till ti o

e n e -
uc s e s a n
o f o l c d th m
a , an f t r f ok — t
e or r o ot il
anu a c u e o c e ar c e s e o

wi th th m e sa wi th t r l li q i d f l Th
e s u cce ss as na u a u ue . e

q li ty f th
ua oil w ho w v r g r ll y
o ese s ti f tory as e e ene a u ns a s ac

f or u s ein D i l m otor d bj t to o ti l v ri tio

ese s an su ec c n nua a a ns .

O ly r n tly th i t r t d h mi l i d t i h v
ec e n e n e es e c e ca n us r e s a e suc

ce ed d i g tti g th
e n y q li ty d to d y thi p
e n e n e ce s s a r ua , an -
a s ro

d t n t r d fi i t ly i to th
uc e e s p h er fni fl e f t h
n e s e e o n u e n ce o e

Di l m otor
ese .

I t fo ll o w th r fo th t thi gi h
s e e i mp ort
re t a s en ne as an an

i fl e
n th tw f rth r i d t i
u n ce on e— g od o k u m e n u s r es as an c e a nu

f t r
ac u e — fro m whi h th b y p rod t h v w b om
c e -

uc s a e no ec e

so i m p ort t th t gr t m ov m t i b ginni g i
an a a ea e en s e n n

c o xi o with thi q ti o I t i i mp o ibl to f rth r

nne n s ues n . s ss e u e

di thi m tt r h r b t
s cu s s s f t ri
a e di ti tly fro m
e e, u o ne ac a s es s nc

thi m ov m t m ly th t th o l whi h pp r d to b
s e en , na e ,
a e c a c a ea e e

thr t d by th omp ti ti o f li q i d f l will

e a en e e c th e n o u ue s ,
on e

c o tr ry t r i to
n a ,
wen e d b tt r n f t i li ti o
a ne an e e era o u za n

thro gh th Di l motor S i t il
u e e se b m ploy d . nce ar o ca n e e e

th to fi ti m mor ffi i tly i th Di l m otor th

re e ve es e e c en n e es e an

c o l in th t m gi i t follow th t o l
a e s ea en b m h ne , s a c a ca n e uc

m or o o mi ll y tili d w h i t i n t b r t b rb ro ly
e ec n ca u ze en s o u n a a us

un d r boil r or gr t
e b t o v rt d i to ok
e s a es , d t u c n e e n c e an ar

by di till ti o Th ok i th mploy d i m t ll rgi l

s a n . e c e s en e e n e a u ca

w ork d f an ll h ti g p p oor a th v l bl prod t

ea n ur ses e a ua e uc s
4 I NTR OD UCT I ON
from th e
‘

tar mus t be ex tr t a c e d a nd use d i n the c h mi e ca l

i d tri
n us hes , il nd i t o m b ti b l d
w i le the tar o , a s c us e e ri v ti va es ,

an d d r
un rt i i m t
e ce a n c r cu th t i t lf s an ce s b p t e a r se , can e u

to x pti o lly f vo r bl
e ce na ain D i l motor
u a e use ese s .

It i th r for f th gr t t int r t to mploy th

s, e e e, o e ea es e es e e

l g t p o ibl
ar es mo t f
ss e a l i thi r fi d nd mor
un o coa n s e ne a e

ec no om i l m ca nd th a nn er , both o l mini ng nd th
a us c a a e

r l t d h mi l i d t y o m wi thi th i fl
e a e c e ca n us r c f th
e n e n uen ce o e

Di ese l m otor wh i h i n t i ni m i l b t m t h lpf l t th

, c s o ca u os e u o e

d l p m t f th
eve o cn o l i d try Th prop r vol ti on
o e c a n us . e e e u

o f th f l q e ue ti on whi h h lr dy b g n nd i w
u es c as a ea e u a s no

ro
p g r i n
essg r p i d l y i a f o ll o w t h
s as i d l i qs i d on e on e s e use u

f l i Di
ue n l m otor es e th oth r i d s , on g f l le o i t h
e s e, as ue , a s n e

form f o k i go c m otor
e, n oli d f l ho ld t b mploy d
as s :s ue s u no e e e

a t ll f
a p o
orw r p ro d ti o e b t o ly i n t
uc h r fi n, d f o u m f n e e ne r o

c ok f ll oth r
e or a f h t i m t ll rg y
e u ses o d h ti g
ea n e a u an ea n .

Th li q i d f l
e u lr dy m ti o d by
ue s a ea m xh t
en ne no e a ns e aus

th li t f f
e s l wh i h m y b
o ue d f
c Di l m otor
a e u se or ese s .

I t i w ll k ow th t li g i t who
s e n n p
a ro d t i o i
n bo
e, t 10 se uc n s a u

p er cen t f th. t o f o l l a v o t c d ay di ,
t i l l
ea t i o es w h i h
ar on r s a n c

wh en wo k d f r
p er p r ffi or l v u e b y p
a a ro d t nt h ea es a s a -

uc e so

ca ll d p
e ffi a ra il N t ll ki d
n o . f li gni t
o a i t bl f n s o e a re s u a e or

thi p rp o
s u v rth l
se , ne m h f th i
e e e ss s o il i p ro d uc d o s o s uce

th t p to w i t h
a u no pp li d f i
as t su i G r m e ,y or n s a n ce n e an ,

a v ry l rg pro porti o f th d m d f li q i d f l f
e a e n o e e an or u ue or

Di ese l motor F rth r th r s . u to b o i d r d oth r

e e e a re e c ns e e e

p ro d t uc s v i l b l ai am lla r b
e t n ot w orthy
s a q e t i t i u n e u an es

s uc h ash l il t s a e rt i o t i
o ,
e c . f
ce in ta n c un r es , a s or s a n ce

Fr a nce an d S otl d h v l g q nti tic an , a f th m e ar e d th y ua es o e an e

a re in i m y Di
use n l ani
g e i n t ll t i
e se o n en n s a a s .

B t it i
u t y t g s no r lly kn o wn th t i t i p o i bl to
e en e a a s ss e

us e a ni m l d v g t b l o i l di r t i Di
a an e e a el m otor s In ec n es e s .

1 9 00 m ll D i
a s a l gi w ese xh i b i
ent d t th
ne P ias e x h i b i e a e ar s e

ti o by th Otto Comp y whi h

n e th an gg t i o n f
c , on e su es o

th F r
e h Gov r m t w
e nc e n A
en hi d il nd
, as ru n on ra c e o ,
1
a

op r t d w ll th t v ry f w p opl w r w r f th
e a e so e a e e e e e e a a e o e

f t Th m otor w
ac . e bui lt f ordi y oil d wi th t y
as or n ar s , an ou an

1
B o t a ni c a l n a me : Arachi s h y p o g a a L .
6 I NTR ODUCTI ON
in t
e re s ts to h e lp i n the m or e w id e s p re a d a de
p t i o f th i n o s

e ngi n e , s i n ce s he w o u ld ne le c
g th er own wea lth f o l d
o c a an

w o r d r h r lf d p d
ul d en e e se th e en e nt on o cr c o t i by th
un r e s e

e mp loy m t f li q i d f len o u ue .

Both th t t m t es e s a ewro g d th r v r
e n s a rei tr n an e e e se s ue .

I t i i E ngl d g r t t i t r t th t th o l d vo ri g
’
s n an s ea e s n e es a e c a -

e u n

t m gi ho ld b r pl d by th o om i l D i l
s ea en ne s u e e a ce e ec n ca e se

motor d p rti l ly
an by h h g o o mi
a cu a r so as su c a c an e , ec n e s ca n
—
,

b ff t d i h
e e ec e m o t po t t w th th o l d th
i m n er l s r an ea , e c a an e

li f f th mi
e o p roel o g d f rth
n es r b i t i m
n e
p rov i n u e ,
e c au s e es a

m o t r t i o l w y th
s a na f o l a d th r lt
e f thuse o c a an e esu s o e

a lli d h mi l in d tri
e c e cai t i li i n g t h o l i t h r fi d
us es , n u z e c a n e e ne

m r p r vi o ly m ti o d fi lly b
a nn e e us by thi
en ne na ,
e ca u s e s

m tho d f t i li i g th
e o uo l (th t i thro gh th mploy
z n e c a a s u e e

m t f t
en o d t oil i Di l moto ) E gl d b om
ar an ar s n e se rs , n an ec es

fr ee an d in d p d t f fo i g e en o ntri f th pply f h
en o re n c u es or e su o er

li qui d fu e l .

()
2 Th e xt t to whi h E gl d m y h lp h olo i
e en c n an a e er c n es

thro gh th Di l motor
u e y t
e se h r d ly b o i v d
ca n , as e ,
a e c nce e

e v wh
en i g t r l mi r l oi l lo th Di l motor
en u s n na u a ne a s a ne , e ese

is a m hi ac nt i lly d pt d f
ne e sse w o k i th a o lo i
a a e or r n e c n es ,

as o ly f o m
n fo rth to
r i xth p t f th w i ght f
o ne -

u one s -
ar o e e o

f lh
ue to b tr p ort d to th olo y d i to th i t i or
as e an s e e c n an n e n er ,

as c omp r d wi th t m gi
a e b i th
a s ea o lo i en ne e ca u s e n e c n es

th e fr i ght eh rg f t h f l c a es
g r l ly
or th e ue a re en e a e

d i di g f tor i
ec n th
ac p fi t b l n f p o w re
p l t ro a e ne ss o e an s .

F rth r b
u e ,
th tr p ort f thi li q id f l i i n
e c a us e e ans o s u ue s

c o mp r bly i r d m o o i t th
a a e as e an ol d re c n ven e n an c a , an

fi lly b
na th di ffi lti
eca u se fr i g bo i l r i t ll ti on
e cu es o unn n a e ns a a
—p rti l rly m rk d i th hi t l d—p t th
a cu a a e n t m e n er an u e s ea

p l ant t fouq t i o o ues n .

I t m y b m ti o d i
a e th i o xi o th t p i p li
en ne n s c nn e n a a e ne

for c u r d p trol m 4 00 kilom t lo g will b l i d fro m

e e eu e res n e a

M t di to L o p oldvill
a a th Co g o by m
e e f wh i h
on e n ,
e an s o c

thi imm s o try will b p ro i d d wi th

en s e c un o t nt e v e a c ns a

s o r f li q i d f l wh i h wi ll gi v i t
u ce o u ue ti l li vi g c e s e s s en a n
—
,

l m t th m oti v p o w r t
c e en — e g i l t r el d t e
p ort o a r cu u a an ra n s

en et rpri d oth
se s , i d t i
an bo t to b t bli h d
er n u s r es a u e es a s e .
 I NTR O DUCTI ON 7

h o d rf l x mpl ho ld b follow d in th E gli h

T is w n e u e a e s u e e e n s

c olo i i t i nn
n es s ury to follow th f r hi g ff t
ecess a e ar -

ea c n e ec s

o f h our n th pro p ri ty f th oloni

su c a c se o e s e o e c es .

Wh it i r m mb d th t pr vi o ly m nti o d th
en s e e ere a , as e us e ne , e

Di l m otor
ese n l o can n v g t bl oi l
a s ru i t i n t di ffi lt
o e e a e s, s o cu

to th t thi f t p
s ee a s ut ac n w p o p
O en s o t f th pro a e r s ec or e s

p i
erty n d i n d
a try f t h uso l o n i of t w h i
e c h i f g t
es , a ac c s o re a rr

i mp ort n to E gl d th n to y oth r o try owing to

a ce n an a an e c un

th l rg n m b r f i t p o
e a e u e i ono O th i p oi t nd
s s s es s s . n s n a as

q i kly
u c p o i b
asl t h p rob
ss l m e ho ld e b t kl d e ; t h s u e ac e e

Di l motor b d i v n by th oloni wn prod t ’

ese ca n e r e e c es o uc s ,

an d th i us g r t
n ad gr ea i d i n teh d
ee v l o
ca n
p m n t a e e e e

o f th g r i e l ta r i n t
cuh o
u e try i n w h i eh i t
c o pun r t c e a es .

Thi o nd to d y om wh t
s s u s -
a sdr m f th f ture a as a ea o e u e,

b t I v nt r t h p op h y wi th nti
u e u e e r onvi ti on th t
ec e re c c a

thi m thod f th mploym t f th Di l m otor wi ll

s e o e e en o e ese

in d y to oma s tt in gr t i mp ort n
c e a a ea a ce .

()
3 Fi n ll y E n a
g l d i
, t h g r t an t m r in
s p o w e r i n t h
e a es a e e e

world .

Wh th fi t en e rsf th Di l m otor
s ucce s s o m rin
e es e as a a e

e ngi n b m kno wn in E ngl d l t y r wh it w

e e ca e an as ea en as

r li d th t lr dy l rg n mb r f m ll m r h nt nd
ea ze a a ea a a e u e o s a e c a a

na v l v l w r q ipp d wi th Di l gin
a es s e s e e e u e d th t es e en es , a n a

ro
p g r w ess g r d asll y b in ga m ua d n l g e r l th
a te o a ar e s ca e a

a lr dy l g
ea Am ri n li n r w r to b
ar e e ca p p o e s ll d by e e e r e e

Di l motor
es e d t th s , an m ti m a w r hi p w e sa in
e e a a s as con

t ti on to b q ipp d wi th v ry l g Di l ngin
s ruc e e u e a e ar e es e e e

th th r w m h tir nd om x i t m nt thro gho t

en e e as uc s a s e e c e e u u

th o ntry whi h i till fr h i th mind

e c u c s s es n e .

A d ri ghtly
n ! Th r p ort so f ti f tory
e e voy gs o sa s ac s ea a es

wi th D i l m otor es e d r v y b d w th r s un e ondi ti on
er a ea e c s

are b oming mor ec m ro Th e nu hip e p t usi n . w h e S s

’
ca a s o

h v Di l mot r i th ir hi p rtify t th ir gr t
a e e se o s n e s s ce o e ea

r li bili ty d o v i
e a an c nf r i g
e n en ce nd fig r o u nn n , a u es are

p b
u li h d sho w i
e n g t
s h o o m y ff t d
e ec n i t l o n g re b ec e c an n o e e

d o bt d th t in th i di r ti o
u e a th D i s l m otor wi ll r t
ec n e es e c ea e

o ne o f th gr t t vo l ti o
e ea es i m o d r i d try
e u ns n e n n us .

Th t th gr at t h i pp i ng
a e e esti o i th world ho ld d riv
s na n n e s u e e
8 I NTR ODUCTI ON
v t
n o a d a n a ge rom h h g wo ld b i mply i mp o i b l
f s uc a c an e u es ss e .

E gl d i
n an bo nd in th f
s uf o mp ti t i o
, wi th oth e a ce o c e n er

co tri to tak f ll dv nt g f thi n w d p rt r

un es , e u a a a e o s e e a u e .

F in lly a f w w ord
,
a n th m
e f t i ng Th D i
s o l e a nu a c ur -

e es e

m otor m t b us on tr t d wi th xtr m r d th b t
e c s uc e e e e ca e , a n e es

m t ri l
a e mpl oy d in ord r th t i t m y prop rly f lfil ll
a s e e e a a e u a

it s ca
p b i liat i o nl y t h
esb t d m o t o m p l t ly qei pp d es an s c e e e u e

work s b ild i t F o rt y r g th r w r v ry
ca n u . u ee n ea s a o e e e e e

f w f to i
e ac whi h w r
r es bl to d rt k it o tr ti o
c e e a e un e a e s c ns uc n,

an d it m y b ai d th t thro gh th
e saDi l g i a u e e se en ne

th m n f t r
e a f l rg m h i
u ac u e h o b r i d to a e ac nes as een a se a

hi gh r l v l i n th
e e e m w y
, th m n f
e sa t r f m ll e a as e a u ac u e o s a

m hin h b n bro ght

ac es as w li
ee by th tom ob i l
u on n e n es e au e

e ngin e .

The D i es el motor i s
th r for t h p gi d e e e no a c ea en ne , an

I w o l d dd
u w rni g th t th
a a tt mp t ho ld v r b
a n a e a e s u ne e e

m d to try to b ild i t h p ly by u fini h d wo km n h i p

a e u c ea , n s e r a s ,

p rt
a i l rl y
cu a f x p ort or e .

Th f nd m nt l o di ti o
es e u a
g r die
g th o at ti
c n o ns re a n e c n s r uc n

o f th D i e l gi n ese di d v
en n t g h b n
e a re n o f sa a a e , as as ee ra

q tly prov d ;
ue n th o t ry th y
e p on i ly t h e c n ra e are re c se e

r o f i t tro g p o i ti on d form g r t f i t
e as n o s s n s an a u a an ee o s

worth .

M U CH NI , DI E S E L .

Decemb er, 1 9 1 1 .
 CHAP TE R I

G E N E R A L TH E O R Y O F H E A T E N G I NE S WI TH
S P E C I A L R E F E R E NC E T O D I E S EL E N GJ N E S

E X PA N S I O N O F GA S E S — —
ADIA B ATI C E XPAN S I ON I S OTHE RMAL
E X PA N S I O N W O R KI N G CYCLE S THE RM O DYN AMI C -

—
CYCL E S C O N S TAN T TE MPE RATURE CYCLE C ON S TAN T
—
VOLUM E CYCLE C ON S TAN T PRE S S URE CYCL E DI E S E L
E N GI N E CYCL E — RE A S ON S F O R THE HI GH E F F I CI E N CY
OF TH E D IESE L EN G I NE .

E xp a n s i on of G a s eS —Though
. it is unnecess a ry to g o

f ull y i to y d t il r g di g th th ory f h t ngin

n an e a e ar n e e o ea e es ,

a g r l
e ne a t d y
s u f t h l ow g ov reni g at h s x p i o ne f n e e a ns o

g as es , n d a t h th or t
e i ll y e n d e p r t
ca i lly a t t i b l ac ca a a na e

e ffi i i
c enc e s o f m otor w orki g s g o fn l i
on d i r b l
a se us ue , s es a e

i ord r to nd r t nd th
n e u e s a ti o f th D i l gi e ac n o d e es e en ne , a n

th r e on f it high r ffi i y th th t f y oth r
eas or s e e c en c an a o an e

h t gi
ea en Th b i
ne . f th v ri o
e as s o for m l e q ot d i
a us u ae u e n

t h f oll o wi g p g
e n wi ll b fo
a es d i y et xt booun k h
n an t e -
on ea

en gi nes , and l i d t i
e uc o i o al y g i v n i th
s i
n vo l m w h
en r n s u e e e

i t b r di r tly n th th ory f th D i
ea s ec o e e l g io e es e en ne .

In ao i d r ti o f th xp i o f g
c ns e a n o e e wi th t h
a ns n o a s es e

o q nt p od ti o f work th r i lw y d fi i t
c nse ue r uc n o e e s a a s a e n e

r l ti o f th m w ight f g b tw n t h vol m
e a n, or e sa e e o as , e ee e u e,

p r r
ess u e , n d a t m p r t er t e a u e
y m o m t a d r i
an g t h en u n e

e xp i o nd thi r l ti on i gi v n by th form l P V = 7T
a ns n, a s e a s e e u a r

Wh r P e e b ol t pr r i n lb p q r foot
a s u e e ss u e . er s ua e

V Vol m i n b i f t u e cu c ee .

T b ol t t mp r t r i d gr F hr h it
a s u e e e a u e n e ees a en e .

q o t t c ns a n .
m D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
a nd of c o r th m form l p pli f oth r it ( g
u se e sa e u a a es or e un s e . .

me ti r c un i t ) wi th s di ff r nt v l
, f n Th v l
a f e e a ue or . e a ue o

q v i ar es wi th d i ff r t g d i t i i f t th di ff r
e en a se s , a n s n ac e e e n ce

b twe ee n th p i fi h
e s t f t h g ec t o t
c t p rea s o e as a c ns a n re ss u e ,

a nd a t c o t t vol m d m y b xpr d
ns a n u e an a e e ess e as

n KP K ,

w hr e e K, h t f g t o t t pr r
S p eci fic ea o as a c ns a n e ss u e .

K S p ifi h t f g
, t o t t vol m ec c ea o as a c ns a n u e .

I n th i t gi v n bov f
e un i K s 1 84 7 K e1314 a nd e, or a r ,
-

,
a

q 53 3 I th for m l
-
. w hi h fo llo w i t w i ll b
n e u ae c ,
e s ee n

th t th r ti o f th tw p ifi h t i f i mp o t
a e a o ed o s ec c ea s s o r a nc e a n

I
f?
thi r ti o i
s a i lly d o t d by t h
,
. a .y mbol 7 w h i hs u s ua en e e s c

f i i 1 4 0 5 nd f
or a r s oth r g d i h t g i
a o m or e a ses u s e n ea en nes s e

wh t l a bi gf i tn
ess , f i r fig r f li g ht i ng
e n or ns a ce a a u e or

g a s .

S i nce wi th ll g PV T it i a vi d t th t f th
a s es q , s e en a or e

s a m e qua n it ty f g ith r th p r r vol m or t m o as e e e e s su e , u e, e

p t i
era u re , d t m i t i f st h t w oth
e er r v l b k
na e o w e o e a u es e n n,

P V Ps
wh r P rp t p
1 1
V d T e e 1 ,
an 1, e res e n re s ec
T T I 2

ti vely th p r vol m e d t mp r t
re s su e , f th g u i e , an e e a ur e o e as n

o ne tt d P V
s a e d T th pr
an r vol m 2 an d 2 e es s u e , u e, an

t mp r t r
e f th
e a u e o m w i ght f g i oth r t t
e sa e e o as n an e s a e .

F p pr o
or f oulv i n g t h p rob l
ses om f t h s b h v i o e e s o e e a ur

o f g d ri g xp
a s es io th r
u n tw m tho d
e a ns f xp n, e e are o e s o e an

si o whi h
n g rc lly o i d r
a red i th r f
ene aw h i h h w c ns e e ,
ne e o c o

e v r i x tly tt i d i n t l h t gi
e s e ac a a ne Th a c ua ea en nes . es e

a re

1 E p a ns i n
. xo t t pr r o at c ns a n es s u e .

. whi h th p r
2 E xp a ns I o n r d vo l m v ry In c e ess u e an u e a

a ccordi g to th form l P V o t t
n e u a
"
: c n s an

Und r th h di g (2) om th tw p i l
e e f
ea n c e e o s ec a ca s e s o

exp i o w h i h
a ns f th m o t i mp o t
n i th th ory
c a re o e s r a n ce n e e

of h t g ita m l y ( )
en d i b t i x p i o or
ne s , na d i g e a a a a c e a ns n a cc n

t tho for m l P V = o t t
e d (b ) i t h r m l xp
u a 7 c ns a n , an so e a e an

io n,ordi g to th form l P V t t
n u a co n s a n
'

s a cc e .

A d i b ti E xp n i n
a — Wha g xcp d di b a s o . en a as e an s a a a
 GE NE R AL THE OR Y OF HE AT E NGINE S ll

ti ca ll y
h t i lo t or g i d d ri g th xp i on th
no ea s s a ne u n e e a ns ,
e

whol f th h t b i ng m p loy d i d oi g xt rn l work

e o e ea e e e n n e e a ,

an d it i vid nt t o
s eth t h n v r b q it
e a nc e a s uc ca ne e e u e

r li d i pr t i
ea ze Th r l ti o b t w
n ac t mp r t r d
ce . e e a n e ee n e e a u e an

vol m i i mpo t t in o i d ri g th q ti o f th
u e s r an c ns e n e u es n o e

effi i i f th
c e nc e s o yl wh i h t h D i l
e c d oth r h t
c es o n c e ese an e ea

en g i o
ne s
p r t d th i r l t i o n
e a e , an m y b rr i v d t s e a a e a e a as

foll o w s

F or a ny g a s h e nce P 1 T2

3 18 0 V 2 he nce
2
7

Su b tit ti
s u ng ()
2 i n ()
1 P I T ,

w ich h is

a nd in a s i m i la r m a nne r it may b e s ho w th t
n a

I s o th e r m a l oth r m l xp i o th
E xp a n s i o n —In . is e a e an s n e

t mp r t r f th g d i g th whol xp i o r m in
e e a u e o e as ur n e e e ans n e a s

u n lt r d
a nd h n
e e th i t r
, al rgy i n th g i t lf
e ce e n e na e ne e as se

r m in
e a lt r d d th h t gi v n to th g
s u na e e i, q i an e ea e e as s e u va

l t to th
en xt r l work do e I
e thi xp i o from
e na ne . n s e a ns n

th g e r l fo m l P V nT i T i o t t th pr
e ne a r u a , s nce s c ns a n e es

su e r m t v ry i nv r ly th vol m d i th q
us a e se as e u e , an s n ce e e ua

t i on P V on t t i th t f c q i l t r l hyp rbo l
s an s a o an e u a e a e a,
12 DI E S E L E NGINE S F O R LAND AND MAR INE WOR K

is oth rm l xp n i on i o m ti m
e a e a s s s e es kn wno as hyp rboli e c

e xp n i on
a s .

Th r l ti o b t w n i oth rm l
e e a n e ee s e a a nd adi a b ti xp
a c e a ns i o n

Is ot her mal

FI G . l .
—I s o th e r m al a nd A d i a b a ti c Curves .

c u rv es is r ea di l y s ee n o n a p r r vol
es s u e ume di a g r a m F ig 1
,
.
,

in w i c h h the is oth rm e al is a bov the e a di a b ti

a c li ne , a nd

Adi ab a ti c

FIG . 2 .
—I s o th erm a l a nd Ad i a b a ti c Curv es .

F i g 2 s ws the
.
ho s a me cu rv es r
d u i ng ompr i on i n whi h
c e ss c

the a di a a i c i s bt a bov e the i oth r m l

s e D ri g d i b t i
a . u n a a a c
14 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
t t thro gh whi h th w orking fl i d ontin lly p
s a e, u c e u c ua as s e s ,

th ese c y l b i g th rmo dy mi y l in t di ti n
c es e n e -
na c c c es c o n ra s c

ti on to th m h ni l y l m nti on d in th l t p r
e ec a ca c c es e e e as a a

r
g p a h A . m tt rS a f f t an t e l no
g i x
ac t ly f o ll o w
o ac ua e ne e ac s

a lo g th li
n e f th th or ti l m hi n b t th
n es o e e e
p r i n
ca ac e, u es e

c i pl for m
es n ry nd f l b i f omp ri on
a e cess a a u se u as s o c a s .

Th y e are

1 C n t nt t mp r t r . o yl
s a e e a u e c c e.

2 Co t t vol m y l
. ns a n u e c c e .

3 Co n t nt p r . yl s a e s sure c c e .

I n en
g i i n w h i
ne s h t h w or ki n g fl ci d p thro
e
g h u a s ses u on e

o f th y l th r i
e se c c es , r t i ffi i n y whi h nnot
e e s a ce a n e c e c c ca

b e e x d d or i d d r h d and n x mi n ti on f th
c ee e n ee ea c e , a e a a o e

m x i m m p o i bl
a u ffi i n y i n
ss e e h will l d
c e c to th ea c ca s e ea us e

p o i n t f dsi ff ro b t w n
e e n ce t h D i le n d oth ee r h t e es e a e ea

motor s .

C n t nt T m p
o s a tu e Cy l e — I n thi
era y l ll th
re c s c c e a e

h t i t k i n fro m it o r t t mp r t r whi h
ea s a en s s u ce a a e e a u e c

r m i o t t d ri g th whol pro
e a ns c ns a n u n nd t h e h t e cess , a e ea

i r j t d l o t
s e ec e o t nt t mp r t r whi h i f o r
a s a a c ns a e e a u e c s o c u se

lo w r th e t h t mp r t r
an e t w h i h th h
e e a u e a ti r i d c e ea s e ce ve .

All y l c b i ll tr t d di gr m m t i lly by
c e s ca n e us a e lo d a a a ca a c se

i
s e r es o f v dr wn r l tiv to tw li
cur es a t igh t
e a
g l
e o ne s a r an es ,

th e rti l li r pr ti g th pr r nd th hori
ve ca ne e es en n e e ss u e , a e

zo nt l li a th vol m ne ef th g t v ry t g
u e o f e m as a e e s a e o co

p r i
es so d x
n an p n i o e d th
a rv
s n , ant h i nd i tor e s e cu es a re e ca

di g m a ra f p rf t s o g i e w or
ec ki n g t
en h v i o
ne s y l on e ar us c c es .

F i g 3 r pr . nt e th es e o t t t mp t r y l th lin
s e c ns an e e ra u e c c e, e e

OP d ot i g th p r en n r e d O V th vo l m
es s u es , a n f th g e u es o e as .

b r pr
c e t th es e n s o mpr i o li i n whi h th g i m
e c es s n ne c e as s co

p r d
e sse di b t i
a ll y afro m
a t h ca
p o i n t b w h r t h vo l m e i e e e u e s

V th p r2, e r P d th t mp
ess u e 2, t r T to th p oi t
an e e e ra u e 1, e n c,

w h r th p r e e r i P th vol m V nd th t mp r t r
e ess u e s , e u e 3, a e e e a u e

T 3 . H t i t k n i fro m to d t o t t t mp r t r
ea s a e n c , a c ns a n e e a u e

T th pr
3, e r nd vol m t d b ing P nd V p
ess u e a u e a , e 4 a 4 re s ec

ti ve ly F ro m d to
. i di b t i xp ion th pr r
a s a a a c e a ns , e es su e ,

vol m nd t mp r t r t
u e, a e bi g P V
e a u e d T
a a, e n ,, an
 GE NE R AL THE OR Y OF H E AT E NGI NE S 15

r e s p ec ti v ly e . o to b h t i r j t d t th o t t
Fr m a ea s e ec e a e c ns a n

t e m pe rt r
a u e T th i o mpl ti g th y l
s c e n e c c e .

The e ffici e nc y f n ngin working n t hi y l m y b

o a e e o s c c e a e

FIG . 3 .
-
C ons ta n t Tem p e ra tu re Cy cle D i a g ra m .

r y xp
e a d il e re s s e d i n te m sr of the to p a nd botto m li mit s of

t e mp r t r
e a u e r
du i ng the p ce ss If ro .

Q, t he ea h tt
a ken i n the g a s by a nd

Q , h t t t mp r t r
the e a re j ecte d a t the l w es o e e a u e,

th en Q 3 Q, th h t f lly mp loy d i d oi g w ork

e ea u se u e e n n ,

a nd t he e ffi ci e n y f th
c y l i r pr nt d by th x
o e c c e s e ese e e e

p r e s si on

As gene a ll r y Q wkT w h w i
, ,
ere s t he wei g ht of g a s a nd

16 i ts s pe ci fic h t i t foll ow th t i
ea s a s n ce nei th r w e n or k v ry
a
16 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
r
d u i ng the c y l th q nti ty f h t
c e e ua o ea is a lw a y s di r tly ec

p p ro or o
ti na l to th b ol t t mp r t
e a s u e e e a ure , or the e ffi i n y
c e c

o f th y e c cle is
T, —T ,
n
T3
T ish xpr i on r pr t th ffi i n y f th on t t
e e ss e e se n s e e c e c o e c s an

t mp r t r
e y l T b i g th t p t m p r t r d T t h
e a u e c c e, 3 e n e o e e a u e an , e

b otto m t mp r t r d ri ng th e omp l t y l
e a u e u e c e e c c e .

N t l gi
o ac ua n h v n ffi i
en y h i gh t h
ne ca a e a e c e nc so as e

i d l o t nt t mp r t r
ea c ns a ng i nd n ordi
e rily ffi
e a u e e ne , a a na e

i t t m
c en i
s ea
g n w or ki ng b t w en li m i t f
e,
y 1 5 0 lb e ee n s o sa .

p q
er s i h p r . r nd
nc 2 8 i h v m or
e s su e a
y 8 1 9 F nc es a cu u , sa
°
.

an d 5 63 F b ol t t mp r t r wo ld if p rf t m hi
°
. a s u e e e a u es , u , a e ec ac ne ,

81 9 5 63
h v a ffi i
e an e y 31 3 p
c e nc nt A m tt -
er ce . s a a er

of fac t t om mor th h lf
s e a m e ng i ne s a re s eld onomi e an a as ec

ca l th i d l o n t
as t t mp r t r gi
e ea c d h
s an e e a u e en ne , a n e nce a n

ordin ry t m gi wo ld h v
a s ea t l ffi i n y f
en ne u a e an a c ua e c e c o

som thi g d r 1 6 p
e n t d thi m y b omp r d
un e er cen .
, an s a e c a e

wi th th p o i b l ffi i n i
e f g ss d Di e el g i c e c es o as an e se en nes ,

d d e d l t r
uce a e
—
.

C n t nt V l u m
o s a Cy l An g i o w or k i g e t h c e en ne n on e

o t nt vol m y l di ff r from n ting th

c ns a u e c c e e s o e ac on e co n

t t t mp r t r y l i th t ll th h t i t k n i n wh i l
s an e e a u e c c e n a a e ea s a e e

th vol me f th g u r m i on t t nd th h t i
e o e as e a ns c s an , a e ea s

j t d d r i mi l r o d i t i o
re e c e un Th
e sy l i hown i a c n ns . e c c e s s n

F i g 4 i w hi h
. b for OP r p r t pr r
n c as ed CV e e esen s e ss u es a n

v ol m u Co m p r
es i on t k
.
p l d i b t i lly
ess l o g t h a es a ce a a a ca a n e

li ne a b th p r r vol m nd t mp r t r h gi g
, e es su e , u e, a e e a u e c an n

fro m P V nd T ,, t to P V nd T t b H t i
,, a , a a ,, ,, a 2 a . ea s

th t k n in t th o t nt vol m
en a e a th p r r ri i n g
e c ns a u e e ess u e s

t P o nd th t m p r t r to T
3, a N xt th
e e i di b t i
e a u e 3 . e e re s a a a c

e xp i o lo g th lin t till th vol m i o mor V

a ns n a n e e a e u e s nce e , ,

th p
e r r nd t m
essu e
p r t t h n ba i g P n
e d T de a ur e e e n 3 a 3 an

fi lly h t i
na j ct d whil th vol m r m i
ea s re e e lt r d e e u e e a ns una e e

un ti l th origi l p e P nd t mp na t T re s s urett i n d , a e era ure , a re a a e .

T ob t in th th rm l ffi i
o a y f th i d l o t n t
e e a e c enc o e ea c ns a
 GE NE R AL THE OR Y OF H E AT E NGI NE S 17

vol um e e ngine l et Q , the h t tk

ea a en in by th fl i d e u ,

a nd Q , the he t r j t
a e ec ed by th fl id e u .

FIG . 4 .
—C o ns ta n t V olum e Cycle D i a gra m .

The h t
ea us efull y e mp lo y ed is Q , Q3 a nd the e ffici enc y
Q“ Q" or 1 C o ns i d e ri ng 1 lb of to
.
g a s
Q2 Q2
e li t th q o
m i na e he r m ining o t nt
u es ti n o f wei g t —thi s e a c ns a

th o gho t th
r u u —
y l th q tity f h t t k i or
e c c e e ua n o ea a en n

r j t d d ri g
e ec e on t nt vol m h g i g r lly
u n a c s a u e c an e s, ene a ,

Q k (T T,) w h r e,
T d T t h br p ti v e ,
an , a re e es ec e

ab ol t t mp t r b for d ft r th h g H n
s u e e era u es e e an a e e c an e . e ce

Q 2 70 ,
T
( 3 T2 )
Q3 k t
T
( 4 T1 )
from whi h c i t f ll ws o o th ta the e ffi ci e nc y
T, T,
T, T,
18 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WO R K
F ro m fo rmula (4 ) p age 1 1 , wi h t a di a b tia c e xp a n si o n
1
T, V, 7 T|
T3 VI T2
s i nce vol m V i o t t d ri ng th h
the u e , s c ns a n u e c an
g e o f te m
pe ra ut
re fro m T to T nd th vol m V , , a e u e , is o t
c ns a n t

du ring th h ng from T to T
e c a e 2 ,

T T1 T
h e nce
T3 T2 T3

t ht
a IS 71, l

or from t he a bov e it 1

V,
The r ti o
a Is
.

us ua ll y ca lle d the c o mp r e s si o r ti o
n a
2

i s des i gna te d by th t th g n r
r, s o a e e e al f orm ula for the
ci s ne y
of t he con t nt vol m y l i
s a u e c c e s

l
n l
r

Pr ti lly ll g
ac ca g ian w ork n as eny l l o ly pp xesi o a c c e c se a ro

m t i g to th
a n on t t vol m y l
e c s an u e c c e
—
.

C n t nt P
o s a u Cy l I n thi
re s s y l ll th h t
re c e . s c c e a e ea

i t k n i n t on t t p r
s a e a r nd th h t i l o r j t d
c s an ess u e ; a e ea s a s e ec e

at o n t nt pr
c s a r xp i on nd o mpr i on f th g
ess u e , e a ns a c es s o e as

b i g di b t i
e n a a b for F i g 5 r pr nt th o t t
a c as e e . . e es e s e c ns a n

p r r y
es s u e c l n t h p r
c e o r vo l m b i e ess u e -
u e as s .

S t r ting fro m b wh n th p r
a r vol m d t m p r e e e ss u e , u e an e e a

t r
u e are r p tiv ly P V nd T th g i o mpr d
es ec e ,, a 9, e as s c e sse

adi b t i lly to
a a caw h r P i th p r c r V th vol m
e e , s e e ss u e , ,, e u e

an d T th t m p r t r
3 e e H t i t k n i e a u e lo g th li n. ea s a e n a n e e

cd t o t nt p r
a c ns a r P th vol m t d b i g V nd
es s u e , ,
e u e a e n , , a

th e t mp r t re T Adi b ti
e a u e xp i o , . xt o r a a c e a ns n ne ccu s

alo g th li n d
n e to wh r th pr r vol m
e c, a, d e e e e s su e , u e, an

t mp r t r b o m P
e e a u e V ec d T r p t i v ly
e H t i
,, , an , es ec e . ea s

th n r j t d t o t t pr r P lo g th li n b t
e e ec e a c ns a n e s su e ,, a n e e a o

th e t r ti g p oi t b Wh r th ori gi
s a n n l o nd i ti o pr v i
e el e na c ns e a .
 GE NE R AL THE OR Y OF HE AT E NGI NE S 19

As b for
e e le t Q , h t t k n in by th
ea a e e fl ui d .

a nd Q , h t r j t d by th
ea e ec e e flui d .

The e fficie nc y f th o e c y l i th n n
c e
Q s a
“ Q‘

a nd , o
c nsi de ring 1 lb of g Q k (T
as ,
, ,

a nd Q1 [9p T
( 1
The e ffi c ie nc y is t h r for
e e e it 1

FIG . 5.
—C o ns ta n t P res s ure Cy c le D i a gr a m .

x
E pa ns i o n lO g da n a a nd c o m pr es s i on lo a ng bc a di a b a ti c

so th t from form
a , ula () p g
3 a e 1 1 .

T,
5
T, P2 )
T,
F re m th18
T,

The effi ci enc y is th us i t 1

b ut wi th a di a b tia c e xp a ns i o n
20 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
a nd the e ffi ci enc y ma y b e e xpr es s ed

w ic h h i s the xp r i o nsa me w e obt in d f th e ss as as a e or e

e ffi i n y
c e f th
c on t t vol m y l nd in f t th
o e c s an u e c c e, a ac e

e ffi i n i
c e f th
c es o on t nt t mp r t r on t nt vol m
e c s a e e a u e, c s a u e,

a nd o t nt pr r y l
c ns a i d ti l
es su e c c es are en ca .

It i t s a pp r t
o n ce a fro m t h bov
a en r l t th t w h t e a e esu s a a

e v r y l f op r ti on h t gin work pon th high r

e c c e o e a s a ea en e s u , e e

th o mp r i o n r t i o n b m d t h l b o m t h
e c es s a ca e a e, e ess ec es e

fr ti on
ac by whi h th p o ibl ffi i n y i r d d c e ss e e c e c s e u ce

b low i ty nd h n th gr t r b om th ffi i n y
e un , a e ce e ea e ec es e e c e c

o f th i
e en
g i f m h ne i l n d oth
ec r l oa n ca n t i
a n r d e s s es a re o c eas e

i n th m p r p or ti o
e sa e It i f
e thi r n o th t in ll g
. s or s ea s n a a as

e ngi n i t i d ir bl to w ork wi th
es s es a e high ompr i o a c ess n

r ti o I int rn l o mb ti on ngi
a . n e a c f th us ordi ry e nes o e na

d ign th t i to
es , a
y g s g i n w
sa or k i g n
a s en t h o n t t
es n o e c s an

vol m y l th ompr i on r ti o i li mi t d by th f t
u e c c e, e c es s a s e e ac

th t d ing th
a ur ti o n trok e su c m i xt r f i s nd g e ai u e o a r a as s

dr w i t o t h
a n n ylind r d th mi xt r i ompr d i
e c e an e u e s c ess e n

th ompr i on trok Th pr r to whi h thi m

e c ess s e . e essu e c s co

p r i o
ess n m y b rr i
a d m y
e ca t r he b yo n ,d r
a l t i v nol y ea c e a e a e

l w fig r
o in
u e, s it m t ce t p pro h th t mp r t r
us no a f ac e e e a u e o

c omb ti o f th mi xt r f w r i t t r h thi p oi nt
us n o e u e, or e e o ea c s ,

i gni ti o w o ld o n rb for th omm m t f th working

u cc u e e ec e nce en o e

s trok i th r w o ld b p ig i ti o I n th Di l gin
e, . e . e e u e ro -
n n . e e se en e

p r i
u e a r a l o i d r w ne i n t o st h y li
a n d r n d o m p r d e c e an c e s se ,

an d th f l i e dmi tt d ft
ue s a o m pr i o e th t v ry m
a er c h e ss n, so a e uc

high r ompr i on pr r m y b mploy d th n wi th

e c es s e s s u es a e e e a

ordi ry g na g i n as th ren b i ng f
es , o r be eo l t ly e o c u se a s u e no

d g r f p
an e i gni ti o n
o re In
-
t l working th ompr i o
. a c ua e c es s n

r ti o wi th D i l ngin i bo t 1 2
a es e e ges i n t 6 or
s a 7 w i thu , as a a s

g as e ng i w h i
nes , h ho w t oc t h s p o i b i li t i
s a f hi g h
nce e ss es o er

e ffi i i
c e nc e s w i th Di l g i th n
e se w i t h t h en l ty
ne s p f a e us ua e o

i t r l o mb ti on
n e na c g i n us T h i en b i ly i ll
es . tr t d s ca n e e as us a e

b y w orki g t th th m l ffi i
n ou e i i th tw er a e
a e c en c e s n e o c s s
22 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND A ND MAR I NE WOR K
are not rf t ly di b ti whi h f o r i i mp o i b l
p e ec a a a c c ,
o c u se , s ss e

w i th ny at l h t gi a c ua F i g 6 r pr
ea nt f i r ly
en r ne . . e es e s a a ccu

t ly th Di l y l n th u l pr r vol m b i
a e e es e c c e o e s ua e ss u e u e as s .

Co mpr i on t k
ess p l di b at i llyes l o ng b th
a ce a n h t a a ca a a ,
e ea

i t k n i
s a e t on t t vol m to th p int ft r whi h
n a c s an u e e o c, a e c

th r i di b ti xp i on to d nd r j ti on f h t to
e e s a a a c e a ns , a e ec o ea

exh t t o t nt vol m to Th pr r nd vol m

a us a c ns a u e a . e es su e s a u es

at th v ri o e tga in di t d
us s a t h di gr m wh il th
e s are ca e on e a a ,
e e

t mp r t r orr p ond
e e a u es c es .

L t Q e h t t k n in by th fl id
, ea a e e u ,

Q h t r,j t d to xh
ea t e ec e e a us ,

e — e
th n th ffi i y f th y l i n
e e e c e nc o or 1 e c c e s
z .

S ince the h ti t
ea s a ke n in at c o t tp
ns a n ress u e r
Q 2 : kp T
( 3 T2 )
a nd si nce h ti rj t
ea s e ec e d a t c ns ta n o t vol u me

Q1 Ic y
T
( 4 TI ) .

PV
o
Fr m t h e g e n e r al f orm ul a o
c ns ta n t we hv a e
T

5}
P P
3
Q2 : lop T

T, T, x
1

F ro m th g n r l form e e e a u la for a di a b a ti c e xp a ns i on PV 7

(2
7
on t nt i t follow P a nd P —
3
c s a s , P, , , 2
7

(55)
?
a nd h e nce T, T, T,
(i) i
V
Su b ti t ting thi v
s u s a l ue i n t he e xpr es si o n for
 GE NE R AL THE OR Y OF HE AT E NGI NE S 23

The e xp r es s i on J i s the ra to i of the cu t- o ff vol ume to the

2

r
c l ea a nce vol u me a nd may b e de n ted o by R . The e ffici ency

of the Di esel y
c c le may th en be e xp r esse d by s ub st . t u ti ng
i n the f orm u la

71. 1
Q‘ w ic h h th en b omec es
2

n l
k T,
V (R 7 1)
k, T , (R 1)

T, R 7 1
X
T2 7(R 1)

S i nce the c o mp i o ress n rom

f a to b is a di a b tia c

T, l
T, r? 1
as b for e e, a nd the fina l e xp r es s i o n for the

e fli ci e ncy o f the D i e se l e ngi ne is

R v —I
n = 1 x
7(R — 1 )
Fr mo thi i t wo ld b
s uth t th t ff r t i o x r i
e se en a e cu -
o a e e c s es

an i mp or t nt i nfl
a th th rm l ffi i
ue n ce o n y f Di l e e a e c e nc o a es e

en g i n th
e, i d p sn d i g e t he t w v r i
n b l t
on h o mp r
e i o n o a a es , e c es s

r t i o nd th t ff r ti o
a a e cu -
o a .

Th ff t f th
e e ec lto ti o n f t he a t ffe ra n b h o w n by o e cu
-

o ca e s

gi v i n g t l
a c ua v l to R d
a u es T k i g t h l anr n 7 . a n e c ea a ce

vol mu e as f th vo l m
1
T, o w p t thro g h by th p i t o
e u e s e u e s n,

an d th e t ff cu -
o whi h i as om mo wi th D i l
1
1 0 c s c n es e

en g i n n
es a d r f r i g t F i
e e r ng 6 w h v o . e a e

V
nd h n
8
nd V a 2 a e ce
10

so th t a

As s u m ing t ht a r 12 a nd 7 1 40 5
0

(w i c h h is s o m wh t e a

hig he r th an in t
a c u a l e ngi ne s ) t he th rm
e a l e ffi c i e nc y f th o e
24 D I E S EL E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR INE WOR K
D i e s el c y cle rom f the f orm ula p r vi o l ye us de d uce d , w o r ks
o ut a t 0
h th
5 6, wh r e ea s nd 7 b t wi th
wi t e sa m v l
e f a ue s o r a u

R 1 5 th ffi i n y b om
-
6 1
e e c e c ec es .

I th
n bov r m rk i t h b
e a m d th t 7
e e a s as ee n a s s u e a re

m i o t nt whi h i f o r th
a ns c ns a ,f ny p ti
c s, o c u se , e ca se or a ar cu

lar mi xt r I omp ring th ffi i n i f ordi n ry g

u e . n c a e e c e c es o a as

e ngi n d Di
es a n l ngin i t i to b not d ho w v r th t
es e e es s e e e e a

th e effi i n y n ny y l b o m
c e c l rg r
o
7 i ai n r dc c e ec es a e as s c ea s e ,

w hi h o c r wh n th g o mi xt r h l rg r prop or
ccu s e e ase us u e as a a e

t i on f i o i t i g n r lly t r m d i
a r , or a s l n r mi xt r s e e a e e , s a ea e u e .

I n Di l gi n
ese t h m i xt ur en i v ry m h
es l r th ne i n e s e uc ea ne a

g as en g i n n d h n th ies , a o t to rt i
’

n xte t f ce s a cc u n s a ce a e en or

th gr t r
e onomy f thi typ f ngin
ea e ec o s e o e e .

R e a s o ns fo r th e H i gh E ffi ci e n cy o f t h e D i e s e l E n gi ne
—
.

r
S umm a i z ing the f eg i ng a na l s i s i t ma y iefl be or o y br y
sa i d th t
a t he s up e i r or
efli ci e ncy of t he D i e s e l e n i ne i s d u e
g
to v r l se e a t h fi t b i ng t h
ca u se s , f l mploy m n t
e rs e e s u c ce s s u e e

o f h igh o mp r i onp rc r nd r d p o ibl by th f t

ess e ss u e s re e e ss e e ac

th t i lon i ompr d i th yli d r nd n t mi xt r

a a r a e s c e s se n e c n e a o a u e

o f f l nd i i n w hi h t h t m p r t r
ue a a r f i gni t i o n lw y
c e e e a u e o a a s

li mi t th so m pr i o p r r I n t h
e c e ss o d pl n es s u e . e s ec n a ce , a

lea ne r mi xt r m y b mploy d th n wi th gu e a i
e e
g n l e a as e n es , es s

w i g ht f f l i n
e o ry nd th l in th ooli g w t
ue s e ce s sa , a e o ss e c n a er

i
s orr p o di gly r d d Th r
c es n n m or ov r f r th r
e u ce . e e a re , e e , u e

r on whi h prob bly x r i

ea s s c i mp or t nt i fla e e c se an a n ue nc e .

n m ly th p rf
a e ,t omb ti o f th f l d to th hi gh
e e ec c us n o e ue ue e

p r r
es s u ed r i n g t h w ho l
u o m b t i o p r i o d e d m h n ie c l us n e an ec a ca

a d v nt g a h th ffi i nt m thod f i t i j t i on I t
a es s u c as e e c e e o s n ec .

i obvi o
s th t i l wi th high fl h p oint i v ry i t b l
us a o a as s e su a e

for th D i le g i n these p r m i tt i n en
g f t h h e, p t r us d e o e c ea es c u e

r id oil b ing mploy d On th oth r h d

es ue s e e p r te . e e an , a se a a e

c ompr or i n e ss ry to i j t f l wi th ompr d i
s e ce s s a n ec ue c es se a r

a t high r pr r th th ompr d i i n th yli d

a e e ss u e an e c e sse a r e c n er ,

an d th i li ght l o
s ca us es a sf ffi i y lly bo t 4 p ss o e c e nc ,
u s ua a u er

ce n t whi h i how v r f gr t i mp ort

.
,
c s, e e ,
o no ea .

I t m t b di t i t ly r m mb r d th t th D i
us e s nc l g i e e e e a e e se en ne

c y l i t lf do
c e set o t f th ono my f th ngi
e s no a cc un or e ec o e e ne

i
s nce , a s a m tt r f f t th o t t pr r y l i
a e o ac ,
e c ns a n es s u e c c e s a
 GE NE R AL THE OR Y OF HE AT E NG I NE S 25

r th r l
a e e s s e ffi ci e n t
h n th on t nt vol m n n
o ne t a e c s a u e o e, o

w h i h mo t
c g n
s g i n w or k
as e p rov i d d
es t h o d i t i o ,
e e c n ns a re

th e sa m I n oth r w ord f
e . th
e m o mp r i o n p r
s, or e sa e c e ss es

su e r th on t nt vol m gi n w o l d b p ri or to th
e c s a u e en e u e su e e

c o t t pr
ns a n ngi n b t f
e s sure e th r e,on lr dy gi v u or e e as s a ea en

i t i i mp o i b l th t
s ss g e gi a h a ld ro
a s en
pp h t h n
ne s ou a ac e co

di ti ons wh i h c ily tt in d wi t h th D i
are ea s a l a g i e e ese en ne .

Th li mi t
e f pr s o r f th worki g fl id fix d by th
e ss u e o e n u a re e e

u lti m t a e str ngth f th m t ri l f whi h th ngin p rt

e s o e a e a s o c e e e a s

a re o t t d nd th D i l y l gi v th m xi m m
c ns ruc e , a e ese c c e es e a u

ec n o omy f th li mit f pr r or es e s o es s u e .

Tho g h v ry m h h igh r o mp r
u e uc i on pr r (b t t
e c ess es s u es u no

m xi m m pr
a u r ) mploy d i n th D i
e s s u es a re e l ngi n th e e es e e e an

in g as e ngi th t mp r t r
ne s , e t the nd f o m b
e a u e a ti o n i n e e o c us

t h fir t
e s i v ry on i d r bly b l ow th t i n th
ca s e s e c s e a ond e a e s ec ,

s in ce th p ri od d ri g wh i h th b rni g f th f l o
e e u n c r e u n o e ue ccu s

is so l o g o mp r d wi th th
n c a e xplo i on i n th g e eg i n s e as en e

c yli d r th llowi g th h t to b t k n p t gr t r
n e , us a n e ea e a e u o a ea e

e xt nt by th j k t w t r Th ombu ti on i n th Di l
e e ac e a e . e c s e es e

en g i nei h w
s v r by o n me ne i oth r m ol n d t h
ea t m sp r s e a , a e e e a

t r ri
u e s es a
g oo d d l ft r t h i n j
ea t i o n
a f t
e h f l n d
e l o ec o e ue a a s

to light xt nt ft r th f l v lv i lo d b t llowing
a s e e a e e ue a e s c se , u a

f or thi th i mp o t nt f t r m i th t i n Di l gin
s e r a ac e a ns a ese en es ,

i ns p i t f h
e o i h
g p r u t h t m p
es s r t u
res , l e e e a res are e ss .

Th fo llo wi ng t bl gi v th
e a t l on mpti on i n Briti h
e es e ac u a c su s

Th rm l Uni t p
e a B H P ho r f
s er v ri o typ f ngin
. . . u or a us es o e es ,

n m ly
a e n o nd n i ng nd o d n i ng t
, no -
c e s a m ngi n c n t e s s ea e es , ur

bi nes us n i g p rh tsu d t em ea et i o n g s eag i n n d D, is uc l as en es , a ese

en g i ne s T h. fi g r q eot d r u es
p r n t gu n r ll y et h li m i
e t e se e e a e

i ng r es u lt obt i d in p r t i
s a ne nd th ffi i n i
ac ce , a l o e e c e c es are a s

g i v n
e b d a sen t h h t o q i v l en t f
ea H eP ho u r w h i a eh o o ne . . u c

330 00 x 60
7 78
25 4 5 B Th U Th orr p .o n d in g. r n g . e c es a es

o f p r
res s u e are a s l o dd d a e .
20 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE W O R K

Ra n g e of
P re ss ure B Th U p e r
Ty p e of E ng i ne
. . .

B H P H ou r
.

lb s pe r s q
. . . . . .

i nc h .

No n -
c o n d e ns i n g s te a m en

g i n es to 8 4 to 6 6
- -

Co n d e ns i n g s te a m e n g i ne s

a nd tu rb i n es us i n g s u pe r

he a ted s te a m . 1 60 to 220 to 1 5 to 1 0

S u ctio n g as e n gi n es 3 0 0 to 3 7 0 to 23 to 1 8

Di es el e n g i n es 5 0 0 to 6 0 0 to 34 to 32

Tw o -
c y cle bo t 2 p
D ie s e l t l
e ngi ne s are a ffi i t u er ce n . es s e c en

th n th fo r y l low p d typ
a e u -
c d l l th
c e s ffi i
s i
ee e, an a e e c e nc es

ref r to th
e gi n r nn i
e en
ng n d r f ll l
es o d o
u d i t i o b i ngu e u a c n n e

of o rc lo w r wi th m ll r o tp t
u se e s a e u u s .

Th fig rese ll th ff t iv ffi i
u e s are a i b t th th r m l
e e ec e c c e nc e s , u e e a

effi i i
c e nc es are —
v ry m h hi gh r th ffi i y f Di l
e uc e e e c e nc or e se

en
g i n b i g f
es i n t e n
n fro
, m 4 2 toor4 8 p s a n t ce , er c e .
 CHAP TE R II

A C T I O N A ND WO R K I N G O F TH E D I E S E L E N G I NE

F O R CYCL
U -
G E W CYCL EN IN E G W CYCL
T O -
E EN I NE T O -
E

D OU L AC G G B E — HOR O AL G
TI N EN —
INE H GH IZ NT EN INE I

V R CAL G
SPEE D E — R LA V ADVAN AG
TI EN I NE E TI E T ES OF

H T VAR OU YP E I G S — L M G POW R
T ES OF EN I NE I I TI N E OF

D L NG N IE S E — U L
E D L G
I ES F E F OR IE S E EN I NE S .

TH E ti l di ff r
es se n b tw
a th Di
e ence l ngi e nd e en e e se e ne a

p r t
aci lly ll
ca oth r m otor
a w or ki g w ieth g o or sl i q i d n ase us u

f l i th t i t i i r li ty n i flt
ue , s a s ln mb ti ea g ai i er na co us on en ne n
c ontr d i tin ti o to oth r g
a s c nd i l ngi n whi h
e as an o e es c a re ,

t i t l y p ki g i t r
s r c s ea l xp l i n ngi n n e na e os on e es .

—
,

F o ur t k -
C y l E n gi n
s ro e I n fo r trok c e yl g e u -
s e c c e as

en g i n f t h
es o or d i ry xpel o i o n ty p m
na i xt e f g s d e a ur e o as a n

i i dr w i to t h
a r s a nyli d r d ri g th
n e c ti o trok
n e du n e s uc n s e , an

c ompr d i n th followi g trok th mi x d g

e s se e n bi g
s e, e e a se s e n

t h n xp lo d d by
e e xt r l m e (i eby i i
e na
g ti o ) i t he a ns . e . n n n e

th i rd trok wh i h i th w or ki g trok
s e, c f th
s e y l Th n s e o e c c e . e

m tho d f o p r t i on f t h D i
e o e a l g i oh b e
p ese en ne a s as ee n a
r

ti lly xp l i
a e d i n th l t h p t r i
a ne n q ite asd i ff r nt
c a e , s o u e a e e

p ri i
nc p l n d i e, a fo ll o w f m
s aso t or w or ki g n st h f
or a o r n o e u

strok y l on i d ri ng v rti l gin f th

e c c e, c s e a l
e ca en e o e us ua

I . I n the fi s t d wnw a r d r o
t ok f th pi ton i i s k d s r e o e s a r s uc e

i nto th g i y li nd
e en r d i r t fro
ne c m t h t m o p h r th
e o g h ec e a s e e r u

lott d yli d r nd t h th o gh th m i n i i l t ‘

a s e c n e , a e nce r u e a a r n e

v lva
th t
e on p f t h y li
e d r oAt t h o d f t h t
e c o k n e . e en o e s r e

th e yli nd r i f ll f p
c e i s t pr ti lly tmo p h ri
u o u re a r a ac ca a s e c

p r r r
es s u e , d y f t h oeam pr i o tro k
or e c e ss n s e .

27
28 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MA R I NE WOR K
2 I n t he
. t trok th i i o mpr d to th r q i r d
ne x s e e a r s c es se e e u e

p r r
ess u e , us u a lly bo t 5 00 lb p q ai n h w
u h il t h t m . er s . c , e e e

p t
era ure r i to b t w s es F n d e E
ee n l l t h . a ,
a e

v lv f o r b ing lo d d ring thi ti on I n thi

a es o c u se e c se u s ac . s

c o mpr i o p ri od es s r t in mo nt f n g ti v w ork h
n e a ce a a u o e a e as

to b do d tr ti g o m wh t fro m th ffi i n y f
e ne , e ac n s e a e e c e c o

th e y l b t th o mpr i on i v ry pproxi m t ly
c c e, u as e c es s s e a a e

a di b t i a a rly ll th wo k i r t r d
c, ne a a e r s e u ne .

3 D ri g t h
. u rly p o ti on f th third nd worki g
n e ea r o e a n

s trok th f l i l i inj t d i to th yli d r bov th

e e ue o s ec e n e c n e a e e

p i tos by n b l t f i at h i g hasr p r o r t h
a r a th t i n
a t h e e ssu e an a e

c ylind r ( bo t 800 lb p q in h ) thro gh p i l form

e a u . er s . c u a s ec a

o f n dl v lv ee Co mb ti o t k p l
e a e . d ri g thi p ri o d
us n a es a ce u n s e

as th t m p r t r e e f th ompr d i in th ylind r i
e a u e o e c esse a r e c e s

a bov th b r i g point f th il f l Th d r ti on f thi

e e u n n o e o ue . e u a o s

p ar t f t h o tro k d p n d
e s t h tt ien g ef t h ev lv s onb t e se o e a es , u

cu t ff -
o lly o r t l t r th n n t nth f th
us u a ccu s no a e a o e -
e o e

s trok t f ll lo d Aft r t ff wh th f l inl t v lv

e a u a . e cu
-

o en e ue e a e

c lo o mb ti on ontin f
ses , c us hort p ri od xp i o
c u es or a s e , e a ns n

th n o e d work i d o
ccurs a n n th p i to f th r t f t h
s ne o e s n or e es o e

s trok J e t b for th pi ton r h th nd f i t tr v l

. us e e e s ea c es e e o s a e

th xh t v lv b gi to op n nd th pr r drop ff
e e a us a e e ns e , a e es s u e s o

r pidly in it i obvi o th t t rry xp n i on to y

a , s ce s us a o ca e a s an

thing li k i t f ll xt nt w o ld e s u it t i or di t ly l rg
e e u nece ss a e n na e a e

c yli d r n e s .

4 I n th fi l trok th
. e xh t v lv r m i n op
na s e e e a us a e e a s en

a nd th b r t g e u n xp ll d fro m th ylind r i nto th

a s es are e e e e c e e

e xh t pi p nd th y l f op r i on b gi o mo
au s e, a e c c e o e a t s e ns nce re ,

th yli d r b i g r dy to r i v f r th r h rg f i
e c n e e n ea e ce e a u e c a e o a r on

th n x te e t trok f t h p i to n
ou s e o e s .

F i g 7 ho w . n i ndi s to d f
s a t l D i l ngi ca r ca r o a n ac ua e se e ne ,

a b r pr e ti g th fir t
es e n nti o n trok in w h i h th
e s i i
or s u c s e c e a r s

dr wn i b th
a ompr i o f th i mor or l di b ti
n, e e c es s n o e a r e e ss a a a c

a lly d th, c o mb ti on f th f l d ring th dmi i o

e c us o e ue u e a ss n

p or ti o f t hn on x t tro k e d d th
e f o ll o w i g xp
s e, i o nan e e n e a ns

o f th m i xt r e n t i l th xh t lv op
u e u t e wh ne au s va e e ns a e e

for th r m i d r f the e t ok f th p
a n e o r f ll mor
e s r e c ,
e r e s su e a s e

r pidly o m f th g
a as s e oxp ll d f r pr t th e a s e s a re e e e a e e s en s e
30 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AN D MAR I NE WO R K
c y cle , h h w ori gi lly int d d to b i oth rm l i
w ic as na en e e s e a ,
s,

i r li ty
n ea on t nt pr r lin d
, a c s a ess u e m tt r f f t e an ,
as a a e o ac ,

by n m o i oth r m l
ea ns a n s th t m p r t r r i
e a , as to e e e a u e se s a

c on i d r bl xt t d ring th b rni g f th f l d p
s e a e e en u e u n o e ue ,
an ro

b bly f
a hort p ri od ft r ut ff Thi typ f m
or a s e a e c o . s e o co

b tius w
on l o i nt d d
as a s d r li d by D i
en e an l d i
ea ze e se an s

d es c rib d i hi o d p t t
e n s s ec n a en .

It i s y i
v erm p ort t ho w v r
an to ,
o t f ro m e p
e r ,
t i l n e a ac ca

p o i n t f oi w th
V e t t h , d r a t i o f
e t h o
u a m b t i o n o i e c us n s co n

s id era bl d h
e, an th r i m h gr t r ti m to g t id f
ence e e s uc ea e e e r o

th h t by th j k t w t r th
e ea e ac e in g a e
g in w h
an r t h a s en es , e e e

e xplo i o i in t t o nd th t mp r t r m t f
s n s s a n a ne us a e e e a u e us o

n e ces s i ty ri v ry r pi dl y I t follow th r for t h t f

se e a . s, e e e, a or

th e sa m m xi m m pre a r i th yli d r f g
u es su es n g i
e c n e s o a a s en nc

an d aDi l ngi es e t h t m p r t r ri
e ne e ei n th fi t e a u e se e rs ca se

wo ld b u m h h igh r th n in th l t t r
e uc e a d it i t l e a e ,
an s o )(

re m mb r d th t th
e e e m x i m m pr
a ese r a n t v ry
u ess u es a re o e

di ff r t b t t h t in th g
e en , u a g i teh h i g h
as en t p o i t i ne n t e es n s o

r h d d ring o mpr i o b t onl y ft r i g iti f th

ea c e u c es s n, u a e n on o e

mi xt r u e S in
. Di l
ce a g i m esey w or
en k w i th mne h h i g h
a r uc e

c ompr i on pr r th n g
es s e ss u e s g i a d ay t nas t ben ne , a n e o e

su bj t d to h high t mp r t r thi p oi t to th f t
ec e suc e e a u es , s n s e ac

a lr dy w ll
ea t bli h d th t gr t r p ow r m y b b
e es a s e a ea e e s a e o

t i a ne d p yli d r th wi th th ordi ry typ f i nt rn l

er c n e an e na es o e a

c omb ti o gi tho gh th r
us n en ne s , u how v r oth r f tor e e are , e e , e ac s

g ov r i
e n ng th i m tt r s a e .

I t i obvi os f o m th d us r i p t i o p r vi o ly g i v
e e s cr th t n e us en a

th D i
e l e se g i ien t ne lf t
s no t i g m otor
a se y
-
m
s ar or th n an e an

oth r i t l o mb ti o ngin
e n erna c us d t h i v ri b l m tho d
n e es , a n e n a a e e

o f r i g p th m h i
unn n u i by th
e ac mploym t f
ne s m e e en o co

p r es s e d i w h
a ri h i d m i
c tt d s to a t h y l i d re thro g h e c n e u a

se p r t
a a e t r t i g
s a v l v i
n t h a y li e d r n ov r rr
e c g d n e c e , a an e so

th t i t
a ot b in op r ti on t th m ti m th f l
c a nn e e a a e sa e e as e ue

i nl t v lv
e a Th e .
g i i b
e en rr d ro
ne d n
s t i l th
a er n k i un u e c a s

w ll ov r th d d
e e e tr d it r
ea ce n e an i g i t i l
u ns a s a n a r e n ne un

it h t t i d ffi i t p d to t k p i t work n il
as a a ne su c en s ee a e u s as a o

en g i ne ,w h i h i t d o c f t r t w es a t h e r vo l t ioo n or A ree e u s .

su
pp ly f o
o m p c d i i
ress e t h fora r s ry bo t h
er e f e ne cessa or
ACTI ON AND WOR K I NG OF THE D I E S EL E NGI NE 31

t ting th ngin nd f t h bl t f f l inj ti o into

s ar e e e, a or e as or ue ec n

th e c yli nd r wh n th ngi i r ni ng Th
e e e e l r ne s
g un . e us u a a ra n e

m t i to p rovid thr
en s ylindri l i r rvoir f q i t
e ee c ca a r es e s o u e

s m ll di m n i on tw f
a e s t rting ( n
s, o t ndby ) d
or s a o e as a s a an

o ne f i nj t i o n bl t
or ec nd th pp l y i m
as i n t,
i n da by n e su s a a e a

i
a r c ompr or dri v n ff th ngin it lf f h p ity
ess e o e e e se , o s uc ca ac

as t ily d li v r ll th
o e as i
e d d t th r q i d p r
e a e a r ne er e a e e u re e ss u e .

All th v lv e a r g d i n th yli nd r ov r wi th th
e s are ar a n e e c e c e e

v rti l typ ngin whi h h hi th r to b n lmo t ni v r

e ca e e e c as e ee a s u e

sa l ltho g h th hori o nt l typ i n w b ing m n f t r d

,
a u e z a e s o e a u ac u e

by om firm n l rg
s e l
s o Th r a thu in ingl
a e s ca e . e e are s a s e

c yli d r fo r y l ngin fo r v lv th f l i nl t th i
n e u -

c c e e e u a es , e ue e , e a r

i nl t t h
e , xh t nd th t rt ing v l v
e e a us , a E h f th e s a a es . ac o e se

i op r t d
s e a e
p r t ly by
se l v r
a a ew ho m o t i o n i ob t a i d e e se s a ne

fro m m n a ca m h ft whi h i dri v n t hro g h p r

o a ca s a , c s e u s u

g ea ri n g d v rt
an i l h ft
a f ro m e t h r n
ca k h f ts A ll
a t h , e c a s a . e

v lva k p t n th ir
es are e t by tro g pri ng I t i vi
o e s ea s s n s s . s e

d t th t by
en ai mp l dj t m nt f ny f th
a s e a m th us e o a o e ca s, e

v lva n r
es dily b
ca t to
ea i t th r q ir m nt e se f th su e e u e e s o e

e ngi n nd e, af o r in
, om lt i yli nd r ngi n b t n
c u se , a u -
c e e e, u o e

t rting v lv i
s a a nti l (tho g h m or
e s esse om ti m fitt d )
a u e are s e es e

s in ceth m otor i e un p n y li n
s r d r n d thu r m i
o n i g one c e , a e e a n

c yli nd r th n only provi d d wi th f l i nl t i i nl t

e s a re e e ue e , a r e ,

an d xh t v lv
e a us F ig 8 an i ndi es to . rd f 25 0 .
, a ca r ca o a

B HP . ng i
. . how h w r d ily ny d f t in th dj t
e ne , s s o ea a e ec e a us

m nt f th v lv
e o n b
e a it i
e s ca vid nt f o m thi rd e se e n , a s s e e r s ca

th t i gniti on o r too l t d to th f l inl t v lv n t

a ccu s a e ue e ue e a e o

op ing rly no gh F i g 9 i
en ea e i di tor
u . rd t k n . s an n ca ca a e on

th m
e sa ylind r ft r dj ting th v lv whi h how by
e c e a e a us e a e, c S s

t h hori ont l o mb t i o n li n
e z a c t t p pr usr th t t h f l e a O ess u e a e ue

i s a d mi tt d t th right m o m nt
e a e e .

Th i o mp r e a r c or i r g d in di ff r nt w y by v i o
e ss s ar a n e e e a s ar us

m k ra f Di
e s o l ngi om pr f rri ng to dri v it by
ese e ne s , s e e e e a

li nk ff th o onn ting d whil oth r h v th pi to or

e c ec ro , e e s a e e s n

p i sto n f t h s oo m p r or d r
e ci v by ntr i
ess n t h h ft en ecce cs o e s a .

U lly tw or thr t g o mpr or

s ua o ee s a mploy d p rti e c e ss s are e e , a

cu arl ly wi th l rg ngi n d i n m ri n i n t ll ti o n
a e e es , an a e s a a s, a

se p ta ra e xi li ry au i o m p r or
a d i v n by
a r c D i l g i es s r e a es e en ne
32 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AN D MAR I NE WOR K
or oth r motor i b ol t ly
e s a s ti l Th g l t i on f th
u e es se n a . e re u a o e

en g i ne i ff
s e t d i n
ec e m y w y b t ant h g r
a l
s, p r i nu i p l e en e a c e

u su a lly on i t i n i mp ly r g l ti ng th
c s s s s m o nt f i l
e u a e a u o o

a d mi tt d to th e yli d r i e c n m ll f d p mp
e va a s t td
a ee u a c ua e

fro m e c ce ntri th
cs g ov
on n or h e f t T h i er m t ho s d i
a . s e s

obvi o ly mor ffi i t th n th t mo t
us e e c en a lly do pt d i n
a s u s ua a e

g a s en g i n w h esr t h h i
e et d m ie p ri n i p l
an i m pssl oy d c e s e e ,

tho gh f o r m y oth r ffi i o m thod

u , o c u se , an e e ca c w us e s a re ne

u se d i n th m or m od r e e ng i e n e ne s .

F ll d t i l
u e a f th s o on tr ti o f v ri o typ f Di l
e c s uc n o a us es o es e

en g i ne s w ill b g i v e i n t h n
en xt h p t r e d n
e d cn t a b e ,
an ee o e

f rth r di
u e d h r
s cuss e e e .

Tw o C y l E n gi n
-
c e — F m y y r e ft r i t i n p t i o
or an ea s a e s ce n

th D i
e ese l g i n en w o e tr t d
a s c ns o l ly f t h uc e f o r s y l e o e u -
c c e

s i ngl e ac ti g t yp n b t f l t m h progr
e, u o a e h be m d
uc es s as en a e

i n th m e f t r
a nu a c u e o f g i n w or k i
an e n
n g t h t
e w tro k on e o s -
e

c y l Th g r l ti o f h n gi i follow
c e . e e ne a ac n o s uc a en ne s as s

1 Co n i d r th p i to
. s e t th
e s nd f i t n a trok in i t botto m
e e o s s e s

p o s i t i o n T.h y l i d
e c r i f l
n el f i t s r l y
u t
o m o a r a
p h r i ne a a s e c

p r r
e ss u e , a n d th i i o m p sr d
s c d i n g t h fi
e s se t or ur
p w r d e rs u a

s trok f th y l to th
e o e c c e l t p o mp r e us ua i on p r o cr f es s ess u e o

5 00 l b p .
q i
er sn h . i n t
c h ,
as o n d tro k f t
e s ech fo r s e o e u

s trok e yl c c e.

2 D ri g th
. u n ond trok o mb ti o xp i o x
e s ec s e, c us n, e a ns n, e

p l
u s i o n f toh b r t e g u n to t h xha ses t d t h fi
e e lli g f
a us an e n o

th e c yli d r wi th fr h i
n e t h op r ti o
es a r a re w hi h h v to e e a ns c a e

b e e ff t d ec e F l i .
p ue y d si n to s t h ra y li ed r d r i g t h e c n e u n e

ea rly p or ti on f th t ok thro gh th inl t v lv by m

o e s r e, u e e a e, co

p r e s se d i b
a r as f or Te hi v
e .l v th n l o s ad x
e p i
e o c s es a n e a ns n

o r whi l th p i ton p
ccu s e e s thro gh bo t oth r 7 5 a sse s u a u an e

p e r ce n t f .i to tro k s s t w h i h p
e, a o i t t h xh c t o p n d e e aus e ns a n

th p ro d
e t f o m b t i o n b gi t p
uc s o c us t e Ai n d r
o a s s ou . r un e a

p r es s u e or f bo t a 4 to 8 u lb p q i n h th . t
er s r t.h cy li n en e n e s e c

d er thro gh u p r t
a se v l v a a eor p ort i a t h y
e l i d r b i g n e c n e , e n

su pp l i de f ro m ll a d s e ca
-
v g p e m p w
s ca h i h
en i q
e i t u ,
c s u e

se p a ra et f o m t
r h i o m p r
e a r c or f t h p ro i
ess i o n for f l e v s o ue

ig i ti o
n n an d t ti g i s ar n
pp l y t h
a r sui ty f ,w h i h i
e ne ce s s o c s

a
pp r
a en t A l
.l t h x h t g
e e au sth f o d u
a s e s a ret t hro g h us r ce o u
ACTI ON AND WOR K ING OF THE DI E S EL E NGINE 33

t he xh t p ort nd t th nd f th trok th yli nd r

e a us s, a a e e o e s e e c e

i l ft f ll f p
s e u i wi th ll th v lv
o lo d
ure a r dy f a e a es c se , re a or

t h fir t tr k
e s f th n xt y l
s o e o e e c c e .

Th di gr m f
e thi y l do n t di ff r m t ri lly fro m
a a or s c c e es o e a e a

th t f th fo r trok y l
a or e i un i n F i g 1 0 whi h
-
s e c c e as s see .
,
c

i ll tr t
us th tw a es trok y l et r pr nt th
o s -
mb e c c e . a e es e s e co us

t i on f f l d th xp i o n nt il w h n th xh t
o ue , e e e a ns u 6, e e e a us

p ort b g i
s n to o p e t h r p i d f ll f p r to
en ,f l o ng f e a a o es s ure ,
a c ,

b i ng ot b l
e n d d ri ng th pro
a e, anf xh t th ylind r
u e ce ss o e aus e c e

FIG . 10 .
—Tw o s tro ke
-
Cy cl e D ia gra m .

is fill e d wi th i fro m th v g p mp Th r i n long r

a r e s ca en e u . e e s o e

a h or o t l lin r pr nting th tr
iz n a e f th e i t ese e en a nce o e a r a

at m o ph ri pr r i n th fo r trok di gr m in ll
s e c es s u e a s e u -

s e a a ,
s ce a

th e a ri i d mi tt d t
s a p r r bov etm o p h ri T
ah a e s su e a e a s e c . e

ad mi i o n f i ss ontin o lo g jg to th p r d t r mi n d
a r c u es a n e e e e e

p o i n t 9 ft r w,
h iah o m p r
e i o t k p l c Th v c
g ess n a es a ce . e s ca en e

v lv or p ort op
a e lig htly ft r t h
'

xh t p ort th t
e ns s a e e e a us
,
so a

th pre r h lr dy dropp d to o m xt t b for th

es s u e as a ea e s e e en e e e

a d mi i o n f th
ss v g i o e sca en e a r .

A f s on tr t i o l d t il g th tw trok y l
a r as c s uc na e a s o, e o s-
e c c e

I)
34 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AN D MAR I NE WOR K
en
g ine di ffe r f om th fo r trok typ i n th rr g
s r e u -
s e e e a an e

m nt f v lv
e o nd th p rovi i o
a es , a f v g p mp i th
e s n o a sca en e u n e

for m r e Oth rwi

case . th ngin e i d ti l
se I n l rg
e e e s a re en ca . a e

e ngi n thi p mp i
es s lly p l
u d in li n wi th th
s usua gi n a ce e e en e

c yli d r nd i t pi ton dri v n thro gh onn t ing d

n e s, a s s e u a c ec ro

o ff n xta i on f th
e ens r k h ft whil i n oth r
o e c an it i s a ,
e e cases s

w ork d by l v r
e ff th e onn ti g d
e s o e c ec n ro .

Th v g p mp
e s ca en d i gn d to d liv r i
e u s a re t es e e e a r a a

p r r
ess u e o f 4 to 8 l b p q i n h b t th i
. d p
er s d to l .r g c , u s e en s a a e

e xt nt th i nd typ f th v g v lv
e on e s ze a Th r
e o e s ca en e a es . e e

i n
s t mo ph ri i i l t v lv nd th
o a s e c a r n ev g i my a e, a e s ca en e a r a

b e a dmi tt d i th r thro gh v lv
e e ei n th ov r f th yli
u a es e c e o e c n

d er or thro gh p or t u r th botto m f th yli nd r Th

s ne a e o e c e . e

e xh t p ort
a us in y s a re rr g d v r
ant i lly x t n
ca se ad i g an e e ca , e e n

i n th ylind r w ll f o m th botto m f th pi to trok

e c e a s r e o e s n s e,

a di t n s a f bo t 1 5 p
ce o a t f th trok
u er cen . o e s e .

TW C y l D ub l A ti n g E n gi n
O -
c e o — I th i
e ylc h e . n s c c e , eac

s trok i worki g trok d th ti o m y b nd r tood

e s a n s e, an e ac n a e u e s

by on i d ri g h ylin d r tw p r t yli nd r wi th
c s e n eac c e as o se a a e c e s

th e m sa tr l xh t p or t r i ng f
e ce n a e a us h yli d r s se v or e a c c n e ,

an d p r t
se i nl t
a a e v l v t t h e t p n d a botto m
es T ha e o a . e

c ylind r h f n i ty to b o id r bly long r th n wi th

e as o ece ss e c ns e a e a

th e s ingl t i g typ nd th pi to i r th r l th n h lf
e ac n e, a e s n s a e es s a a

i t l gth
s en Th ti o n i
. follo w
e ac s as s

Co i d r th p i ton i n i t botto m p o i ti o n wh
ns e e s i t i f lly
s s en s u

u n ov r i g t h
c e xh t v lv in th
n e e a us tr nd th p a es e ce n e, a e s a ce

a bov th pi to i f ll f p r i whi h h b i j t d
e e s n s u o u e a r c as ee n n ec e

by th v g p mp whil b low th pi to i n th ylin

e s ca en e u , e e e s n e c

d er i th s i w hi h h e a r b n o mpr d to high pr r
c as ee c es s e a e s su e

i th l t d o wnw rd trok
n e as Th a p w r d s tro k i th n e . e u a s e s e a

c ombi ti o f th tw trok in th tw y l ing l

na n o e o s es e o c -
c e s e

ac ti g gi lr dy d rib d Abov th pi ton th i

n en ne a ea es c e . e e s , e a r

i s co mpr d whil b low th p i ton th r i fir t f l i nj

esse , e e e s e e s s ue ec

ti on d omb ti o th xp i o
an c us n,d fi lly o p ni g
en e a ns n, a n na e n

o f th v g v lv dmi i f v g i d th n
e s ca en e a es , a s s on o s ca en e a r a n e co

se q t xp l i on f th b r t g to th xh t thro gh
ue n e u s o e u n ase s e e a us u

th e xh t p ort whi h
e a us ov r d b for
s c th
a re u nc e e as e e , as e

p i sto r n h t h
eac d f
esi t tro k e en o s s e .
A CTI ON AND WOR K I NG OF THE D I E S E L E NGI NE 35

H o r i z o nt a l E n gi n e —Altho ug h . b i lt D i esel hi m se lf u a

hori o t l t yp f gin i n th rly d y f d v lop m nt

z n a e o en e e ea a s o e e e ,

u p to w i th i n y r or t w ag ll Deai l n g i w r o a n o a e se e ne s e e co

s tr t d f
uc e omm r i l p rp o
or c f t h v r ti l typ
e c a u R ses o e e ca e . e

ce ntly ho w v r ,
n g ei n f t
e h ,
hor a i o n t l
en ty p h b
e o e z a e as ee n

p er f t d
ec e w hi h m
, y p o c d v t g a i n r t i ns s es s a an a es ce a case s ,

wh r e e, f in t n or th v il bl h d room i limi t d nd
s a ce , e a a a e ea s e a

flo r p i f ond ry i mp ort n in th hori ont l

o s ace s o sec a a ce , s ce e z a

m hi ac i m h low r b t o
ne s uc p i g r te r , p r fi i
u l ccu es a ea e su e c a

r th n th v rti l typ Thi gin i m d both i ngl

a ea a e e ca e . s en e s a e s e

a nd d o b l u ti ng e nd di ff r
ac in ,
nt i l d t i l from
a e s n o es s e a e a s

t h v rt i l ngi
e e ca f e it g r l m thod f w orking
ne as ar as s e ne a e o

i s co rn d Th f l inl t v lv i rr g d hori o t lly

nce e . e ue e a e s a an e z n a

on th d f th
e en ylin d r whil th i inl t nd th x
o e c e ,
e e a r e ,
a e e

h t or s v ng v lv
aus ca the e m yb a fit t d n th
e s as e cas e a e , a re e o e

t p id or bottom f th
o s e ylind r ll b i ng t t d by o e c e ,
a e a c ua e

rolli ng l v r op r t d by m or
e e s, e a e ntri n hori ont l
ca s ecce cs o a z a

s h ft om wh t in th
a s e a l typ as f hori ont l g e u s ua e o z a as

en g i n t h e, h f t b e i n g d i v
s n athro h
g g e r i ng f o m r t h e u ea r e

c ar nk h ft Th ompr or i ordi n rily o p l d to th

s a . e c ess s a c u e e

c ar nk h ft di r t d m y b f th tw or thr t g typ
s a ec ,
an a e o e o ee s a e e
—
g n e r ll y
e a t h f or m r T h i e g i n p o e .t h d v n s en e s sesse s e a a

t g a ef o y e as i b i li ty f ll th p rt f
a cce s s l ing nd
o a e a s or c e a n a

r p i l p r r n th b dpl t nd fo d ti on nd
e a r, e ss e ss u e o e e a e a un a s, a

h as a r th r low r i i ti l o t th n v rti l gi n
a e e n a c s a a e ca en e
—
.

Hi gh S p d V ti l E n gi n ee Fer l nd work whi h

ca es . or a ,
c

c ompri hi fly dyn mo d iving f l tri l w ork high

ses c e a r or e ec ca , a

s p d
ee n g i n ep o e d v n t g ov r
s se ss e s l w pa d n a a es e a o s ee o e,

i na s m h uc it r d as th i o t d w ight f th
e u ces e s ze , c s ,
an e o e

d yn mo whil i t
a , wn i e nd w i g ht s o l o mi ni mi d
s ze a e are a s ze .

Th e u sua l p d f th or din ry v rt i l fo r y l lo w p d
s ee o e a e ca u -
c c e s s ee

Di l
ese g i n v
en ri f o me bo t a1 5 0 t 2es5 0 rr vo l t i o a p u o e u ns er

mi n t u e a cc ordi ng to th p ow r b t th high p d typ e e , u e s ee e,

w hi h i n w b il t by
c s o l rg u mb r f fir m r a a t p d e nu e o s, un s a s ee s

r gi g from 1 80 to 3 5 0 r vol ti o p min t or mor

an n e u ns er u e, e .

Th p ri n i p l
e f t hi m h i n i pr i ly th
c e o s acm th e s ec se e sa e as e

s l o w p d typ b t ll p r t
s ee e, llyu lo d
a d for d
a s are u s u a e nc se ,
an ce

l bri ti o n wi th
u ca
p r , r f 5 0 to 70
a lb p es su e o
q i n h i . er s . c , s
36 D I E S E L E NGINE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
ad op t ed . r
h m b r i n ti r l y l d p d h
The c a nk c a e s e e s ca e u , an as

i n p ti o d oor
s ec n in t m gin f th hi gh p d
s , as a s ea en e o e s ee

v r ti l typ whil th m h ft nd m g n r lly

e ca e, e e ca s a i a ca s e e a ru n n

a n lo d il b th
e nc se Th o dv nt g a . l im d f t h hi g h
e a a a es c a e or e

s p d
ee g i n en b yo n d
e , are ,n y v i g ei n o x i o w
a i th i t sa n c nn e n s

d ri v th r d
e, d pe e nd w ig ht th l
u ce s a ce a r h ight d e , e es s e e , an

a lig ht r d t i o i
s e p i
uc t l o t
n n ca a c s .

R l ti v A d v n t g
e a e f th V i u Typ
a a es o f E n gi n e ar o s es o e .

—E gi ri g d ignn ne e n d o tr ti o i i v ri bly
es an c ns uc n s n a a a

m tt a f o m pro mi
er o c nd i t i di fli lt or i m p o i bl to l y
se , a s cu ss e a

d o wn g r l l w to b lw y follow d in in m ny
ene a a s e a a s e , s ce a

i ndi vid l ua th r c a ses , o id r ti on whi h m odi fy

e e a re c ns e a s c

w h t m ig ht i t h ord in ry w y b tho g ht th mo t
a n e a it
a e u e s su

a bl e d ffi i nt
an rr g m nt Th followi ng r m rk
e c e a an e e . e e a s

r g rdi ng th ppli ti on f th v r l typ f g i

e a e a ca s o e se e a es o en nes

s ho ld th r for
u o ly b t k
e e e n pp ly i g i n e a h ien as a n suc n

t
s a nce s wh r p i l o
e e no s n i d r t i o ec a lik ly cto r s d r
e a ns a re e en e

d p t r
e a r u esfro m th l p r ti d vi b l or
e u s ua ry
ac ce a sa e ne cess a .

Th l g t xp ri
e ar es h e b g i d i D i l gi
e ence as ee n a ne n es e en ne s

o f th lo w p d fo r trok typ
e s s ee , nd th ir ffi i
u -
s ym t
e e, a e e c e nc us

i vi t b ly b
ne a li g htly hi g h r th n th t f
e s y oth re w h i l t
a a o an e ,
s

th e b ol t r li bili ty d l w r i g o t h v b
a s u e e a an o unn n c s a e ee n

a b d tly prov d d ring th l t fift n y r Th

un an e u e as ee ea s . es e

f t
ac s lo awi ll f ne l o g t i m r d r th or a
pp li
n t i o f e en e e a ca n o

th i typ m o t g
s e r l nd f gin f m ll d m od r t
s ene a , a or e n es o s a an e a e

p o w r i t i
e s di ffi lt to
s t h rcu o w h i h ws ee ld r n ed r i t
eas ns c ou e e

a dvi bl to di p l
sa e th m f t ti on ry work x p t i
s a ce e or s a a , e ce n

ca s e s w h r th pe e or h i g
e ht s v i l
ace b l i v ry l i me i t d a a a e s e e .

Th t d e y flt y
en e nc i to m ploy l rg r
o a e e a rs
g i s e a e en ne s , a

t end y whi h wi ll prob bly b mor

e nc c t t d i th
a e e acce n u a e n e

f t r
u u e , an d f o m thi p o i t f i w th q
r s ti o n m
o V e e ue s n a ss u es a

r th r di ff t p t Th m xi m m p ow r whi h it i
a e eren as ec . e a u e c s

a dv i b l to d v lo p i
sa e fo e y l gi i r l ti v ly m ll
e n a ur c -
c e en ne s e a e s a ,

an d t m lti p ly t h
as o u mb r f yfi d e nu b yo d fo r or e o c n ers e n u

s ix m x i m m w o ld r d r th
as a a u ng i u w i ldy th r
en e e e ne un e , e e

c om li m i ti g p o i t i th o t p t f th m h i
es a n n n e wh n u u o e ac ne , e

it i lo g r d ir b l to mploy th fo r y l p ri i pl
s no n e es a e e e u -
c c e nc e,

an d wh thi i r
en h d i t i w ll t
s s eac r i fi t h m ll
e s e o sac ce e s a
 38 DI E S E L E NGINE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE W OR K

p l oy d O th r thi g b i ng q l it w o ld m d vi bl
e . e n s e e ua u s ee a sa e

to d opt th tw y l typ nd pr f r bly ngi w orki g

a e o c -

c e e, a e e a e nes n

o n th d o b l e ting pri i pl b t th r
u e ac how v r m y nc e, u e e are e e an

c on id r ti on ff ting th m tt r A tw y l ngin n
s e a s a ec e a e . o c -
c e e e ca

ne v r b q it
e e ffi i nt
u e so e worki ng n th f o r
c e yl
a s one o e u -
c c e

p ri n i pcl f t h
e, r o or th t t h en tr eas f t hn v a
g e e a n ce o e sca en e

a r i do t p r mi t f th m o t ffi i nt xp n i o
es n o e o e d th r s e c e e a s n, an e e

is, o f o c f r th r lo
ur s e , a f p ow r i n dr i vi ng th
u e v ng
ss o e e sca e e

p um p i t m y b t k a
g n r l er l th
a t t h t w
e n as a y l e e a u e a e o c -
c e

e ngi n i 3 or 4 p
e s t l fli i t th fo r y l whi her ce n . ess e c en an u c c e, c

i q it
s u ffi i nt to r nd r th
e su c e mp loym n t f th l tt r e e e e e o e a e

a dvi bl sa nl th
e, u p v il
e ssb l f t h e s n g i i
a ce a li m i t d a a e or e e ne s e ,

s in ce , of o r th fo r y l
c u se ,
g i n i m
e h l r
u g
-
th
c n c e en e s uc a er a

th tw e yl o c c e .

Co n i d ring n w th q
s e ti on f Di l m rin ngi n
o e u es o es e a e e es ,

th e fo r y l u m hi n m t i n vi t bly b r pl
-
c c e ac e d f us e a e e a ce or

l rg v
a e l i n p it
ess e s f i t h i gh ffi i n ys S v r l
e o gs i n e c e c . e e a en es

h v l o b b i lt f m rin work r nning th fo r

a e a s e en u or a e , u on e u

c y l prin ip l b t th t thi pr ti will onti i f

c e c e, u a s ac ce c nue s ar

fro m li k ly d h
e p ob anb l y o n l y b nas d o p t r d i a ee a e s n ce so

m h xp ri n
uc e h e b n obt in d wi th thi typ nd i t
e ce as ee a e s e, a

w as d i r d to les n e f p o i b
e ssel w h t m i
asg ht b t
ar as r m d ss e a e e e

th e exp ri m t l n t r f th in t ll tio
e en a a u e o e s a a n .

F m in work th r
or ar e tw v ry i mp or t t r e e o
a re o e an eas n “
,

w h i h r d r t h tw
c en y l gin f pr f r bl to th fo r
e e o c -
c e en e ar e e a e e u

c y l th fir t b ing th l r p r q i r d nd th r d
c e, e s e e e ss e s a ce e u e a e e ue

t i o n i n w i g ht wh il th e o d i th g t
, e wi th wh i h
e se c n s e re a er e a se c

i t i p o i b l to r v r
s ss e g i n w k i
e g n th
e s e eni y l m es or n o s c c e , co

p r
a ed w i t h th m or o m p li te d m h i m
e c n d o m p r
ca e ec an s a c a a

t iv di ffi lty n o nt r d wi th fo r y l
e cu e c u ng i n e e Th r u -
c c e e es . e e

is a till f r th r p oint i n f vo r f tw y l ngin f

s u e a u o o c -
c e e es or

m ri n work
a e m ly th t th r ,
na n e t l xh t v lv
,
a e e a re o a c ua e aus a es

on thi typ b t only p ort whi h

s e, u l r d t by s v g c are c ea e ou s ca en e

a ri v ry r vol ti on d h n d n t b o m fo l nd
e e e u ,
an e ce o o ec e u , a

r q ir n l i g
e u e o c ea n n .

Pr ti lly th only p r t in fo y l Di l gi n
ac ca e a s a ur c -
c e es e en e

w hi h r q i
c e tt nti on th xh t d f l v lv nd
u re a e are e e au s an ue a es , a

th ere ho ld if po ibl b l d t on
s u , ss e,fort i g ht e c ea n e ou ce a n ,
 ACTI N AND O WOR KI NG OF THE DI E S E L E NGI NE 39

tho g h i f r b t k n th t th xh t i lw y l r nd
u ca e e a e a e e a us s a a s c ea a

n t m o ky t h
o s xh t v lv m y b in op r ti on lo g
, e e a us a e a e e a as n
as s i x m o th wi tho t l ni ng n s F q nt l ni ng wo ld
u c ea . re ue c ea u

p o i
ss b l y b i n o n ev n i nt w ci th v l
e m e k i n g l o n g voy g ess e s a a es ,

tho g h v ri o m n n b d vi d f ov r omi ng th
u a us ea s ca e e se or e c e

di fi cu lty , h n
su c rr g m nt f h tting ff th
as a a an e e or s u o e

c ylind r p r t ly nd t king t th f l v lv whi l th

e s se a a e a a ou e ue a e e e

en g i n ie t i ll
s r nnisn g w h i h u m tho d h ,
i n f tc b e as , ac , e en

t lly mploy d B t i t i t r lly pr f r bl to voi d

a c ua e e . u s na u a e e a e a

th e n e cess i ty f l ni ng t ll i o c ea ny i nt rf r n a a wi th s nce a e e e ce

ru nni n g m hi n ry i to b d pr
ac e t d It i f o r
s e e e ca e . s, o c u se ,

p o i
ss b l to e m k fo a tro k e n g i
a w i th
ur s -
xh t p ort
e e ne e a us s

i t d f or i n d di ti on to th ordi n y v lv
n s ea o , a , d e ar a e s , an as a

m t t r f f t m hi
a e o ac ,
n w b i ng
ac o tr t d wi th
ne s are o e c ns uc e

thi rr ng m nt nd i
s a a e e wh r thi typ i
, a n c as es mploy d e e s e s e e

f or m ri n w ork thi m thod m y i n th f t r b g n r lly

a e ,
s e a e u u e e e e a

a d op t d e .

Th q e ti on th n r olv it lf i to wh th r th do bl
u es e es es se n e e e u e

ac t i g or th ingl ti ng tw trok gin ho ld b

n e s e ac o s -
e en e s u e

e m p loy d nd i t ho ld t o
e , a b m ti on d th t m y
s u a nce e en e a an

o f t h firm e on tr ti ng Di l gin
s c s uc t pr nt
e se en es a re a e se

a v r to th do bl ti g pri ipl ltho gh ngi n f th i

e se e u e ac n nc e, a u e es o s

typ e are n w r n i ng o ti f tori ly L rg p ow r m y b

u n sa s ac . a er e s a e

obt in d p yli d r nd in f t th n mb r f t l work

a e er c n e ,
a ac e u e o a c ua

i ng yli n d r will g
c e s r lly p king b onl y h lf th t
,
e ne a s ea , e o ne -
a a re

q ir d wi th th i gl
u e ti ng ngi n f
e s n th
e ac m p ow r e d e or e sa e e an

t rni ng mo m t Th m i obj ti on i th t th r i lw y
u en . e a n ec s a e e s a a s

a ce rt i n li bili ty f d ng r wi th th t ffi g box f th
a a o a e e s u n es o e

p i s to n ro d w h i h is, o m t i m c x p sri s d w i
e th d o b les e e e nce u e

ac ting g as g i n en d t h tro
es ,b l i
an lik ly t e b m or u e s e o e e

a cu e t wi th D i l g i o
e se w i n g to en
g r t rnes o m b i d t m ea e c ne e

p t
era ure s a n d p r r n d m or i
e ss u es , q l i ty ai n th p r e ne ua e es

r Th do bl ti g m h in i
s u es . e u e ac n rily m or ac e s n ece s s a e

c o mpli t d th th ingl ti g d tho gh thi i n t

ca e an e s e ac n ,
an u s s o

a ce rt in pr v nt ti v f it
a e e a i mp li i ty i gr t ly
e o s s u cces s , s c s ea

to b d ir d f m rin ngi
e es e or d th q
a e e ti o n f r li
ne s , a n e u es s o e a

b i li ty ,
i bi li ty f p r t
a cce s s d o f r p i a s, m t b
an ea s e o e a rs us e

r f lly tt d d to i y d ig w hi h i to m t wi th
ca e u a en e n an es n c s ee
40 DI E S EL E NGI NE S FOR LAND AND MAR I NE W OR K

the a pp rov l a oi r Wi th do bl ti g
ma i ne engi ne e
the r . u e ac n

e ng in es l rg
va r q i d d ind d
e s ca enge p u mps are e u re , an ee

c om p i n are th s i ze wi o f th worki g ylin

the di mensi ns o e n c

d r e s , so th t th vi g in p a e sa nd w ig h t i n t g r s t ace a e s no so ea

as mi ght t fir t i ght b a xp t d Mor ov r gr t

s s e e ec e . e e , ea er

ca e r h to b t k n wi th r g rd to th ooling f th
as e a e e a e c o e

p i sto n p i t
s, o ro d s xh t
n p o t t s, e au s r s, e c .

With d o bl t ing gi n i t i i mp o i bl t rr ng
a u e ac en e s ss e o a a e

th f l dmi i o n i n th
e ue a tr t th bottom f th yli n
ss e ce n e a e o e c

d er owi ng t th pi to d p ing thro gh whil i n th

o e s n ro ass u , e e

hori ont l typ th pi to d i om ti m rr ng d to

z a e e s n ro s s e es a a e

p ass thro g h th uy li d r t t h e b k c n d i n eor d r th a t e ac e n e a

th w i ght
e e f th p i t o n m y bo e pp or t d s T hi l d a e su e . s ea s

to th n ity f dmi tting th f l

e e ce ss or a ntri lly whi h e ue e cce ca ,
c

i p rob b ly n t u h n ffi i nt m tho d
s a o s c nd m or ov r
a e c e e , a e e

r d r th v lv g
en e s e on i d r bly l
a e i mpl
e ar cnd t h s e a ess s e, a e

v lv t th bott m
a es a e t y to g t t f ov rh ul
o a re no ea s e a or e a

a nd r p i r e If in th v rt i l typ
a s .
,
f l i d mi tt d i
e e ca e, ue s a e n

th ntr
e ce t th t p e a d ntr i
e lly t th botto m thi
O an e c ce ca a e , s

ca u s e s di ff r nt di tri b t i on f pr
a e e r n th pi ton
s u o es s u e o e s

o n th p e u n d d o w n a tro k r p t i v ly n d s h to b e ll o w d
es ec e a as e a e

for i n t h d i gn e An oth r p oi nt w hi h to o m
es . xt nt
e c s e e e

p l a ce s th d o b l e t i ng ngi n
u t
e d i
ac d v n t g i et h e a a sa a a e, s e

f t th t th l r n
ac a p b
e c ea at w n th p i to
ce s n d y l i
acen d r e ee e s an c e

c ov r i q lly i mport nt t h d nd i t i f o r
e s e ua a a ea c en , a s o c u se

i m p o i bl to d j t both e ad by th m n
us dop t d in en s e ea s a e
—
ss

th i gl
e s n ting ngin n m ly by th in rti on or r mov l
e ac e e a e e se e a

o f h a t th b k f th b ig nd b r i g nd o m
ner a e ac o pe i l e ea n ,
a s e s ec a

a rr g m nt h to b dopt d
an e e as e a e .

A m t t r f f t th r i li tt l r
s a a e o on to pp o th t
ac e e s e ea s su se a

e i th r th e i ngl or d o bl
e s ti ng gi ho ld b dopt d
e u e ac en ne s u e a e

t th
o x l i on f th oth r tho gh if l rg p ow r
e e c us o e e ,
u as a e e s as

are ne cessa ry n b obt i n d in ylind r working n th

ca e a e c e s o e

i gl
s n ti g p ri i pl
e ac n th m i n obj t nc f th do bl
e, e t a ec o e u e ac

i ng typ i d troy d e s E vi d ntly th r

es e .m y m tt r e e e are an a e s

a ff ti g th
ec n hoi f typ f m ri work q i t p t
e c ce o e or a ne ,
u e a ar

f o m m r t h o ti l o n i d r t i o
r e e e re nd th
ca onl y f
c s e a ns , a e sa e

p p ro h y i ec o x i o n w i
n c n ne th m r i w or k i th t t h x l a ne s a e e c u
ACTI N AND O W OR KI NG OF THE DI E S E L E NGI NE 41

si v e adopti on f th tw y l typ i x tr m ly prob bl

o e o- c c e e s e e e a e

on th xp ri m t l t g i p d whi h m t
ce e e e en a s a e s as s e ,
c us co n

ti n ua f f w y r
or a b t w h th r th
e ea s , ingl u ting or e e e s e ac

d o bl u t ing ngin will find g r l f vo r i probl m

e ac e e e ne a a u s a e

w hi h f t rc xp ri n lon n olv At th pr nt
u u e e e e ce a e ca s e . e es e

m o m nt both typ
e h v tr n o dvo t whi h i
es a e s e u us a ca e s , c s a

m o t d i r bl
s es t t a f ff i r
e s a e i ndi t i ng th t tro g
o a a s as ca a s n

e ff or t will b s m d f th
e p r
a f t i oen f t
orh n gi n e e ec o e e es

w orki ng n th tw pr in i pl o e o c es .

I n vi w f th li mi t ti on
e o f prop ll
e affi i n y wi th th s o e er e c e c e

in cre ase o f p d th r i s ee trong p rob b ili ty th t i n

, e e s a s rt i a a ce a n

l
c a s se s o f m ll lo w p d v s a s l th q -
s ti o m y b
ee e ss e s , e ues n a e co n

S id d f th mp loy m nt f m h ni l g ri g b t w n t h
ere o ee e o ec a ca ea n e ee e

e ngi h ft nd th prop ll r h ft tho gh thi m y t

ne s a a e e e s a u s a a

fir t ight
s s m to b se e ompli ti o ddi ng to th o t d
e a c ca n a e c s an

w i g ht
e nd r d ,
a i ng t h ffi i
e uc y d r rt in ondit i on
e e c e nc , un e ce a c s

th r v r m y b th
e e e se a Th e orm l p d f e c a se . e n a s ee o an

e fli i nt b t r l ti v ly m ll D i
c e u e a l ngin i
e s lly in t h
a es e e e s u su a e

ne i g hbo rhoo d f 1 5 0 to 1 80 r vo l ti on p m i
u o t w hi h i e u s er nu e , c s

r th r hi gh f th prop ll r f low p d hi p nd h
a e or e e e o a s -
s ee s ,
a e nce

th e en
g i n p d w o
e s l d i n t
ee h or di n ry
u w y b r d de to a a e e u ce ,

sa
y 1 30
,
to ff t o m p
e ro m i
ec th a c d in g t h ffi se , us re uc e e

i n y nd dding to th w ight
c e c a a By th introd ti on f e e . e uc o

a m h ni l g r n
ec a ca g i n ea f hi
a
g h p d
en f r vo l
e o t i o a s ee o e u n

m i ght b mploy d gi vi ng
e e v ry ffi i t prop ll r p d
e a e e c en e e s ee

o f 7 0 to 90 r vo l ti on p mi n t e u d m or ov r llo win g th
s er u e , an e e a e

bottom p d f rot ti o to b s ee o m ll a i r q ir d f
n e as s a as s e u e or

t h v y lo w t v
e er l p d whi h wi th
es e sse sr l tiv ly hi gh
ee ,
c a e a e

s p d
ee f rot t
o i o n f t h a g in w ho n o p l d
e di r
en t m y e e c u e ec a

i n ce r t in a b m t r f o m di ffi l ty
case s e a a
t
e o s e cu .

L i m i ti n g P w f Di o l E n gi n
er o — On f th
es e hi f es e o e c e

di ffi l ti cu m t wi th i n th d v lop m nt f th i nt rn l
es e e e e e o e e a

c omb ti on ngin w th tro bl in prod i ng

us e e as e ti u e uc a sa s

f tory motor f l rg p ow r wi tho t

ac o a em lt i p li i ty f e u a u c o

c ylind r Th n i ty f e s . e h m hin l d to th
ecess or su c ac es e e

i ntrod t i on f th tw uc y l nd th d o bl ting g
o e o c -
c e a e u e ac as

e ng i n hi fly f
es , c e wi th b l t f ror u se g d t h as u na ce as , an e

e xp ri e g i
e nce d h b a ne t ili d to
as t h f ll
e en by m u ze e u a nu
42 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
fa cturers of D i ese l e ngi nes v ri o typ. Gas eng i ne s of a us es

are w b ilt p to
ne u B H P wi th i gl
u yli d r f . . . s n e c n e s o

B HP . h d wi th th m hin
. . ea c ,
an in p r bl es e ac es n o su e a e

di ffi lt i
cu es o t r d i n on tr ti o or op r ti o
are e nc un e e c s uc n e a n .

Th r e e v r l r o why m otor worki g n t h

a re se e a ea s ns s n o e

Di l y l
e se cho ld b p bl f d v lop i g l rg r pow r
c e s u e ca a e o e e n a e e s

p er y li n d
c r th n ge g i n a p r tin
as g n en t h o est t O e a o e c ns a n

vol m y l A will h v b
u e c c e . s o ti d f o m a e x min een n ce r an e a a

ti on f th indi tor rd f Di l ngi th m

o e ca ca s o a ese e ne , e ea n

e ff ti v p r
ec e r x t d n th pi ton i f high r th
es s u e e er e o e s s ar e an

in a g g i n
a s en t h v r g e, b i n g e abo t 1 00
e a to 1 1e0 n de a u , a

in om s e v 1 25 lb p q i n h g i t 60 t 7 0
ca ses e en . er s . c , a a ns o

lb p .
qer si n h w i
. th g c g i n F q l
a s en y l in d r les . or e ua c e vo

u m es Di a l g i n
ese w ill th en g i v e h i g h r p o w r thus e a e e an

a g a s eng i n T h te m .
p r t rei h e p rob b l y
e a ur e t h m o t se as a e s

i mp ort t i nfl n in li mi ti ng th i f gi yli nd r
an ue ce e S ze o en ne c e s

an d ,
h as b as n th i i l e en se e wi th D i , l th s wi th g
s es s e se an as

e ngi n w hil th
es , l r n e vol m in th form r i l o
e c ea a ce u e e e s a s

w ll b lo w th t f th l t t r b i ng o m 6 t 8 p
e e a o e a e , nt e s e o er ce .

a
g i n
a t 25s p t or m or
er ce n w i th f o. r y l n g i e tho g h u -
c c e e nes , u

th p ro p ort i o
e do t q i t ho ld in l rg r p o w r
n es no u e d a e e s, an

w ith th tw e y l typ I t i diffi l t t th pr nt ti m

o c -
c e e . s cu a e e se e

to y x tly wh t i th m xi m m p ow r th t o ld
sa e ac a s e a u e a c u

sa ef ly b d v l o p d i n e e i gl
e eyli nd r f Di l gi a s n e c e o a es e en ne,

an d th p oi nt e nn o t b ti f tor ly ttl d til f r th r

ca e sa s ac i se e un u e

e xp ri e h
e nce b n g i n d Th pi ton di m t r
as ee a e . ot e s a e e ca nn

b e v ry l rg ly in r d owi g to th high ompr i o

e a e c e as e n e c es s n

p r es s ur e a n d t h o n q n t lye c x i vse r l
uet t p r r e ce s s e es u an e ss u es

o n th onn ting d nd r k whil wi th v ry l rg

e c ec ro a c an , e e a e

c yli d r di m t r th q ti o f ffi i tly ooli g th

n e a e e s e u es n o e c en c n e

p i to
s d
n ro b o m o m w
ec h t tro
es b l s o m e a u es e .

Th p o i nt ie hi fly f i mp ort s c e in o o xi o w i t h th a nce c nne n e

i
n a r ne en g i i i t i
ne , s nce f to y th t D is sa e l n g i f sa a es e e nes o

th t ti o ry typ n w b b il t p to y p ow r th t
e s a na e ca no e u u an e a

m y b r
a o b ly r q ir d I i w f th xp ri n
e ea s na e u e . n V e o e e e e ce

l
a r ea dy g in d wi th l g a e g i t h o ar
p i i o n e en f d i g r nes e n o es ne s

i th t n i n p r b l di ffi lti
s a o su e a wi ll b e o trd i cu es e e nc un e e n

b i ld i g D i l g i d v l o p i g
u n es e en ne s HP p e yli d r
e n . . er c n e
ACTI N AND O WOR KI NG OF THE DI E S E L E NGINE 43

w or king on the two -

c y
ting prin i pl or 2 5 0 0
cle , s i ngle a c c e,

H P f d o bl
. . or ti ng m hin
u e ac th t n g i n
ac f g h t es , s o a a en e o eI

c ylind r gi vi g e s, or n H P i q i t wi thin th . .
, s u e e

b o nd u f p o i bili ty
s o nd thss n i ty f a l rg r ngin e e ce s s or a e e es
—
,

t h n thi
a do n t s m i mmin nt in hor t t h D i
es o s ee l e s e e se

en g i n e a
pp r to b i n
ea sn d n g r fe f il r f ro m i n
o d pa t e o a u e a a a

b ili ty to th hig h t p o w r r q i r d f e es th pro p l i o n fe s e u e or e u s o

th e l rg t nd f t t m r h nt v
a es a as e s l nd b tt l h i p e c a e s se s a a es s .

Fu l f e Di l E n gi n
or —
es e S p ki g g n r lly i t m y es . ea n e e a a

b e sa id th t p r ti lly ny ki nd f il i
a ac ca i t bl f
a o o s su a e o r use

wi th Di l ngin ese Th e hi f mong tho t pr nt

es . e c e a se a ese

p ro d du ce d ob t i n an b l i n l r g a q n t i
a t i e t h n t r a l e ua es a re e a u a

o il from th il w ll n w prod ti v in ll p rt f th
s e o e s o uc e a a s o e

w orld nd th
, oil r lti ng fro m th di ti ll ti on f o l
a e s es u e s a o c a

a nd bro wn o l or lignit Th r h b c a om q ti on
e . e e as e en s e ues

a s t w h th r t h
o ein r e i ng mp loym nte f th D i
c e as l e e o e e se

en g i n w ill
e n t r l t i n o hor t
es ug f pp l y f ail n sd a e o su o o a a

c on q nt i n r
se ue f p ri whi h wo l d t o n
c ea se o di m i ni h
ce c u a ce s

th e g r t d v ea t g a f o an a
n o m y n ew p o
o d ec by th i o s s esse s

m t or
e Wh n how v r it i on i d r d th t th world
. e , e e , s c s e e a e
’
s

o tp t f il from th w ll i in th n ighbo hood f

u u o o e e s s e e ur o

forty mi lli on t o n nn lly nd th t th i fig r i ri i g

s a ua a a s u e s s n

r pidly i t i diffi lt to i m gin th t thi nti ip ti on wi ll

a s cu a e a s a c a

b ine y w
an
y f lfill d a A t t hu p r te t i m . ll t h D i l e e sen e a e e se

en g i n x t
es e n t o m a o m cth i n
nsu
g d r n e s fi h d ed th un e o e ve u n re

p ar t f t
o h w r ld e pp l y o d m
’
ors ov r
su i t i t h ,
i
an e e s e u na n

mo us opi i o f g ologi t th t th r
n n o e v t il fi lds s a e e are as o -
e s

in m ny p rt a f th glob whi h h v
a s o e t y t b n x e c a e no e ee e

p l o i t d e nd th , t t
a h pp l y a f ro m th e i suw ll i g h n es e s e n u

li mi t d e It m th r for th t n th f t r by t h v ry
. s ee s e e e a I e u u e, e e

f t f t h wi d d m d f
ac o e e r d oil th prod ti o wi ll
e an or c u e s, e uc n

l rg ly i n r
a e d th t d n y f th p ri
c eas e ar e f en il will e c o e ce o o

b to drop r th r th n to ri
e a e Th r a m li tt l d o bt se . e e s ee s e u

th t th a o r e f il i m or wi d pr d th
ccur e nce o o ol s e es ea an c a ,

a nd h n e ny l r g i n r
ce a i n th
a eo t f th form l c ease e c s o e er I s es s

li k ly th n n th l tt r
e a I th t y trp id ti n i n th dop
e a e ,
so a an e a o e a

t i o n f Di o l g i e se f f en r th t th
nes o t f
or f l m
ea i g ht a e c s o ue

ri i only omp r bl with do bt to th d vi bili ty

se , s c a a e a u as e a sa
44 DI E S E L E NGINE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE W OR K

of empl oy i ng t
s eam e ng i nes on the g ro und of a p o i b lss e

ri se i n the ot f ol c s o c a .

Th r i ho w v r th i f t to b r m mb r d th t m o t
e e s, e e , s ac e e e e e ,
a s

o f th o ntri i n whi h m hi n ry i m o t l rg ly r q ir d
e c u es c ac e s s a e e u e ,

— m ly i n m ny p r t f E op —
na e ,
a a t i l p ro d s o i ng ur e a re n o o -
uc

l nd
a nd h n
s a d p nd nt n th i
e ce a re pp l ye f e n t le o e r su o a ura

o il fro m o t i d o r u s Thi i e s m tt r f
u ce s .
g r t s s a a e o no ea

i mp or t i n Gr t Bri t i
a nce d oth r o
ea tri h
a n an e c un es suc as

B lgi m D m rk d S w d n wh th r i
e u ,
en a ,
an d ty e e , e re e e s no u on

i mp or t d il b t m k
e o , v t di ff r
u a i n G m ny
es a as e en ce er a ,

F r an ce , I t ly d S p i n wh r th d ty i h i gh th i b in g
a an a e e e u s ,
s e

p ar ti l r l
cu a y t h i t h t w fi
e ca se t n m dn n d i n F er o rs a e ,
a a nce

it i h to w ll igh prohi bi t th
s su c as e n f Di l g i e use o e se en ne s

r nni ng n r d oil
u o c u e s .

Th m t t r e b
a w ll
e xpl i d by t t m t f
ca n e e e a ne a s a e en o

th e p r i f r
ce d i
ol w h i h c u t p r e t oob t i I t c a es e n a n . s

a
pp rox i m t v l a e t t h i l fi
a ue l d i 15 a t 2 5 e p o e s s 3 . o s . er

t n
e ,
d d li v r d t
an e E op n p ort i i n th n i ghbo r
e e a a ur ea s e e u

hoo d i 3 5 o to 5 0 p t n I n G rm y th d ty i bo t
8 . 8 . er o . e an e u s a u

p t er or n r ly
en, q i v l n t toea t h t l v
e l u f t h
a e e ac ua a ue o e

o i l w hi h r d
, c th f l o t f en e rs Di l ngi n r nni ng
e ue c s o a e se e e u

on c u r d t r l il rly do bl th mo nt in thi o ntry

e na u a o ne a u e e a u s c u .

F or thi r o m h t t ti o h b n p i d in G rm y
s eas n uc a en n as ee a e an

a nd l wh r e se to th q ti on f mployi g oth r oi l
e e e ues o e n e s,

a nd tho p o d se d by trh di t i ll
uce t i o f o l n d l i
e
g n i t or s a n o c a , a e

brown o l f whi h l rg q ti ti
c a ,
o c v i l bl
a e b i ng uan e s a re a a a e , a re e

m h uc d Th lig i t oil
us e . e i v y w y i t bl
n e s a re n e er a su a e

for Di l g i
e se d en h v b ne s a n m p l oy d f m a y y e r ee n e e or an ea s ,

b t th pr i
u e f th oil g i i hi gh (7 5 m rk p t n )
ce o ese s a a n s a s er e

an d b t li tt l u i g i ff t d
e sa v n omp r d wi th th s e ec e as c a e e

i m p o t d r d oi lr e c u e s .

Th i l fro m th di ti ll ti o n f o l i v ry m h m or
e o e s a o c a s e uc e

l rg ly pro d
a e d i n G r m ny th n li g i t
u ce ile rly t wi
a a n e o ,
n ea ce

th e am o t b i g v i l bl f
un e n l t
a
p r
a i f a l th
e or sa e a a ce o ess an

40 8 p . t er T h d i
onffi lty
. or i g i el ly x p i n dcu i n t h na e er e ce e

u se f th i
o olt s il f c Di
a lar ng i n o w i t hi gh or es e e es as s

fl h p oint whi h i bo t 400 F hr or ov r nd wi th

as , c s a u
°
a . e ,
a

th e o di ry o tr ti o thi wo ld
r na c ns uc it t n n s u ne c e s s a e a co
 CHAP TE R 11 1

C O N S TR UC TI O N OF TH E D I E S E L E N G I N E

G E NE RL A —
RE M ARK S F O UR
CYCL N GL AC G G ; -
E SI E TI N EN IN E

G R L ARRA G M
E NE — A AR G RUN G N E E NT ST TI N AN D NI N

D CR O
ES O UR CYCL
I P TI G — V V
N OF F -
E EN INE AL ES AN D

CA M —R GULA O S H GN
E — YP OUR TI N OF T E EN I E T E S OF F

CYCL —
G N H GH P D
E EN —
G N HO R ON AL
I ES I S EE EN I E IZ T

ENG — CYCLIN E NG N — C OMP R O R

TVVO -
E E I E AI R ESS S F OR

D L G
IE S E EN INES .

G en e r a l R em arks —In the m anufac u e t r of Di e s el

en gin es th r e ep o i t is
w h i h
one t n o t tro g l y c mu s b e m s s n

k p t i n i w thi b ing th t gr t r
e V e ,
s e r h to b t k a ea e ca e as e a en

in th i r e o tr ti o th n with ordi ry t m gi n
c ns uc n a na s ea en es .

A p rop rly d i g d
e d w ll b il t D i
es ne an l g i n h e n -
u e se en e as o

su p i
eror f r,
li b i li
orty nd e iam p li i ty f ao p r ti o bs t i t c o e a n, u

i s e ssen ti l th t th m t ri l mploy d ho ld b w ll
a a e a e a s e e s u e e

l t d th w o k ho ld b
s e ec e ,
e r f th b t s u d th gr t t
e o e es ,
an e ea es

p r i
ec s i o n ho ld bs xu r i d i n th
e e fi tt in g
e c se f t h v lv e o e a es

a nd g r d oth r m h i m I t might b tho ght th t

ea ,
an e ec an s . e u a

th m tt r
e se a d e s ne emp h i b t th di ff r no e i th
as s , u e e ence n e

ru n n ni g f o ng i an e nd r w ork i g ne u o di ti o whi h he n c n ns , c as

b b ilt
ee n u Di l
as a g i ho ld
e se b en d w h
ne si h h u e , an o ne c as

b ee n on tr t d wi th
c s uc e m or r th n i gi v t
no e ca e a s en o a

s i mi l t m gi i m t ri l th t
ar s e a en ne s so x na e d b a a no e cu s e ee e

m d fa e l rg i g
o r en a thi p oi t n on s n .

It i s aw ll k o w e xi o m in th m
-
n n a f t r f i t rn l e an u a c u e o n e a

c o mb ti on gin th t i th tt ti o t d t il f d ign
us en es a n e a en n o e a s o es

an d o tr ti o
c ns li uc th di ff r
n es b tw e de e n ce e e en su cce ss an

f il r ;
a u e d thi i p an li rly s pp li
s b le cuto t h Di
a l a ca e e ese
46
 O
C NS TR UCTI ON OF THE D I E S E L E NGI NE 47

en
g i n e, w ho s e s t
a i sfa ct ory r
u n ni ng d ep e nds s o en i e l o n tr y
t he h h o r o r r
i g c mp es si n p e ss u e i n the c li nde y r .

Pr a cti ca ll y t rr
a ll m a n ufac u e s o f D i e s e l engin es n ow ma ke

th m in t d rd i
e s an nd typ a w hi h i r nd r d
s z es a m es , c s e e e co

p a ra ti ly y
ve by t h f t th
eas t th l rg r m e h i n
ac h v a e a e ac es a e

tw o,thr fo r mor yli d r f th m ll r t d rd

ee , u , (I e c n e s o e s a e s an a

typ By thi me .
a m f t h s h i f m a n
ea n s s u f t r r he o v ec e ac u e s a e as

m y an fi fty t d rd t ti o ry m h ine
as s an a f th f o
s a yl na ac s o e ur c -
c e

typ from 1 0 H P to
e HP b . d n o m fif t
. t nd . . a se o s e ce n s a

ar d i gl s n ylind r ngin r ging from 1 0 H P to 25 0 H P

e c -
e e es an . .

S om f th
e o g i n h v t h
e en m p o w r
es w i tha d
e i ff r n t e sa e e a e e

nu mb r f ylind r b t i t i p o i b l wi th thi r ng to h v
e o c e s, u s ss e s a e a e

s o m thirty fi di ff r ntly r t d ngin tho gh th r

e -

ve e e a e e es , u e e are

on l y fift t l t d rd Thi p oin t f t d rd i ti on

ee n a c u a s an a s . s o s an a za

i f th
s o tmo t i mp ort
e u r g rd r d ti on i n o t f
s a n ce a s e a s e uc c s o

c o tr ti o int r h ng bi li ty f p rt b tw diff r nt
ns uc n, e c a ea o a s e een e e

en
g i r d
nes , t i o n f p
e r g uc r i n o m p ol t i
s n t l
a el ti o n ea c e e s a a s,

p rt
a i l r ly
cu aw h n g i n f d i ff r n
e t p o w en r m
es o
p loy d e e e s a re e e ,

an d th dv t g e a will b r di ly pp r i t d by ll wh
an a es e ea a ec a e a o

h v h d xp i
a e a wi th the r
e r ence
p t i o f l rg p l n t I t
e O e a n o a e a s .

i d o btf l i f i n
s u y u oth r o tr t i o an th i m tt er h c ns uc n s a e as

r iv d h tt ti o
e ce e s uc d if a ho ld b th
en n , an ll ,
as s u e e c ase , a

th i mp ort
e t p o ti o f th gi n an r m d mo t
ns o r e en e a re a e s ca e

f lly to g g
u y p rt
au f t h e, m an h i m ma y b o t k n e ec an s a e a e

fro m gino ne en d fi tt d to e an oth r f t h me l

on an e o e sa e c a ss .

Mo t m f t r r l i m th t thi i p o i bl wi th ll th ir
s a nu a c u e s c a a s s ss e a e

en
g i d o
n es , an m f th m m sk p o ie ot f i n t r eh i
g gn a e a n o e c an

th p t e f v r l gi w h
ar s o se e ath t t b d to p rov
en n es en on e es e ,
e

th p o i t
e n .

F u o Cy l r S i n g l A ti n g E n g i n
-
c e — F ige 1 1 nd 1 2
c e s . a

S how di gr m m ti lly i pl nd l v ti o th g r l
,
a a a ca , n an a e e a n, e en e a

a rr g m t f v rti l i gl yli d r Di l gin f

an e en o a e ca s n e c -
n e e se en e o

th ordi ry typ wi th ll th
e na e ry oi a Th e ne cessa a cce ss r es . e

c yli d r K i
n e t wi th th gin fr m f th A typ
s ca s e en e a e o e e,

bi ge n r d to th b d pl t B by lo g bolt
s e cu e e e -

Th a e n s . e

c yli d ov r K i f m i v o tr ti o p r t from
n er c e
1
s o a ss e c ns uc n se a a e

t h m ine yli d r d fr m
a c n ti g d o t i ll th
e an a e ca s n ,
an c n a ns a e

v lv f whi h th r
a es , o fo r c A i th e e t rti g v lv
a re u . s e s a n a e,
48 D I E S E L E NGINE S F OR L AND AN D MAR I NE WOR K
o
c nnec ed t
by pi ping to th t rting v l 0 nd 0 ; e s a esse s 2 a
3

D i th s xh e t v lv thro gh whi h th xh t g
e aus a e u c e e aus a ses

p ass fro m t h y li nd r i nto

e c t h xh t i
p pe E d th n e e au s e an e ce

to th i l n r F (of t n pl d b low gro nd l v l ) to

e s e ce e ace e u e e ,

wh i h i c tt h d th long pip G f th
s a ac e e p f t h g e or e e s ca e o e a s es

to th t mo ph r ; H i th i
e a s e e ti o i l t v lv by s e a r su c n n e a e

wh i h i i dr wn i nto th
c a r s ayli d from th ngin roo m e c n er e e e -

thro gh th i nl t pip J f p i l o tr ti on ; X i
u e e e o s ec a c ns uc s

th f l i nl t v lv
e ue nd p l v ri
e a r th f t i o n f w h i h
e a u e se , e un c o c

i to d mi t f l to t h
s a yli d r t th right mom nt nd i
ue e c n e a e e a n

t h for m
e f fin o p r y a T h i l r e h s t h f
a l v . l v e o ea c es e ue a e

fro m t h f l p mp L who e ue ti on i ontroll d by th

u ,
se ac s c e e

g ov r or
e n t h f , l p m pe h m b
ue r b i n g u m ll r rvo ci r a e e a s a ese

i nto w hi h th c il g vi t t e o fro m th f l fil t r M ra a es Th e ue e . e

f l pip i
ue l o rr g d th t i t m y t k i t
e s a s a an pp
e ly fro m a a a e s su

a noth r m ll yli ndri l v

e s a c l N whi h ll y o t i n
ca e s se c us ua c n a s

p r
a a ffi n i n ,i t is n d
ce v nt g to s a n t h n g
a i f a a e ru e e ne or a

f w mi
e t v ry d y n p r ffi whi h i mo t h lpf l
n u es e e a o a a n, c s s e u

i n l ni g th
c ea n ylind r d v lv e c Th f l fil t r i t lf
e an a es . e ue e se

is c onn t d by pip fro m l rg r il r rvoi 0 fix d

ec e a e a a e o ese r , e

a t ar th r high r l v l nd i t i onv ni t to h v thi

a e e e e ,
a s c e en a e s

r voir f h i to ont i v r l d y p ply Th

e ser o s uc s ze c a n se e a a s
’
su . e

m i n il t nk o t i ni ng p h p v r l mo nth y ’
a o a s c n a pp l er a s se e a s su

a re ommo ly fix d nd rgro nd nd th il i p mp d
c n e u e u a e o s u e

u p i tont h r rvo ier r q

es e i r d by m ll p
as m p w h i e h u e a s a u c

m y b dri v n i n
a e y oenv i t m n n anr T h coo li n g en e n a e . e c

w t r ir l t i o n i
a e c cu a rr g d th t th w t r nt r th s a an e so a e a e e e s e

j k t thro gh pi p t th bottom nd l v
ac e u a e a t th t p e a ea es a e o

f o m th
r yli d r ov r Thi pi p i
e c n e c lly bro k n th
e . s e s u su a e , e

w t r flo wi ng i nto
a e o p f nn l thi formi g r dy an en u e , s n a ea

m n fea s o r t i ni g th t th r i
a sce a topp g i n th i
n a e e s no s a e e c rc u

l t i on
a I . om n show v r w t r i xp iv nd
e ca s e s , e e , a e s e e ns e a

a c ooli ng tow r i i t ll d th t th pply m y be s ns a e d so a e su a e u se

o tin o ly nd i n thi v nt th ir i t i
c n u us , a lly
s e e e c cu s u su a a

c l o d n ; i t i p f r bl w h r v r p o i b l t
se o e s re e a m p loy e e e e ss e o e

op n i r i t pi pi g nd in y
e c cu n th rm om t r ho ld
,
a an c a se a e e e s u

b fix d
e e h yli d r to i ndi t th t m p r t r f
on ea c c n e ca e e e e a u e o

th e c ooli g w t r R f r ing t F i g 1 1 d 1 2 g in P
n a e . e e r o s . an a a ,
 O
C NS TR UCTI ON OF THE D I E S EL E NGI NE 40

re
p r n t th i
e se s e a r
—G
c omp r or howness s
FI G . 12 .

A rra nge me nt o f D i e
e ne ra l

as b i ng dri v n
e e s e l P la n t —
E leva ti o n
O ff the e n i ne
g
c r k h a n s a f t
(tho gh th r u e e are

var i o us o th e r

me thods ) ,
a nd de
v ring i
li e a r at t he
high pr e ss u r e

neede d for fue l i n

j ecti on and s at rt
i ng the e ngi ne

into th i r r e a r e se

voir 0 ont i nin g

, c a

t he for the i n
air

je cti o n of the fuel .

All the a i r es s els v

0 , a nd 0 3 are
c onn t by i
e c ed a r

i i
p p g n nd v l v a a es

so th t th p r a e es

sur in
e ny n a o e

m y ba lo w r d e e e

by b tr t i n g
a s ac

fro m i th r f the e o e

oth r nd f th
e s, a o e

tw r rvoi C
o es e rs 2

a nd 0 3 one ma y
be o
c n s i d e ed a s a r
sp a e r to th oth r e e .

Du ri ng th n e ru

ni ng of the engine ,

t he onl y i d a r use

is , o f o c th t
ur se , a

nece ssa ry f th or e

fue l i nj t i o n nd
ec a

hence the co m 11 —
.
Gene ra l A rra ngem en t P lan of D i ese l I Ia u t
’

E
50 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WO R K
p r or
es s d li v r i t e i di r
e s t l y i n to s t h a rr rvo i 0 ec e es e r

th v lv e b ing r g l t d to i t th r q ir d p r r
a es e e u a e su e e u e e ss u e ,

b t u t th a m t im t h e sa t r ti g v l
e e r pl e s a n e s se s a re e an

i h d
s e th t th r i lw y n ffi i t pply f
so a e e s a a s a e c en su or

re s a
-
t rti ng th g i n T h e v r t ien l g ov r n
e or
. h ft R e e ca e S a

s ho wn i n th fig r i dri v th o gh worm g ring ff

e u es s en r u ea o

th e r nk h ft nd thi thro gh f r th r g ring d i v

c a s a , a s u u e ea r es

th hori o t l
e z m h ft 8
n a pp or
ca t d b t
s w an t w b r
,i su
g e e ee o ea n s

mo nt d n t h yli d
u e o ting nd n whi h
e c n er ca s ll th ,
a o c a re a e

ca m f sop r t i g th v ri o v lv i n th yli nd r ov r
or e a n e a us a es e c e c e .

Th g ov r or h ft l o
e e n t t th f l p mp L nd th
s a a s a c u a es e ue u a e

g ov r or
e n t h o m ,
b i d t
e c i o f w h i h r ne
g l t t h ac
p d n o c e u a es e s ee

o f rot ti o a f th n o
g i T h me en d v l v ne l v .r w hi h e ca s an a e e e s c

th y ontrol n t ho wn in F i g 1 1 nd 1 2 b t th v lv
e c are o s s a ,
u e a es

a re i n th r l ti v p o i t i o e e a m o t o mm only d op t d
e s ns s c a e as

b i g mo t it bl f th rr g m t f th fo r m
e n s su a e or e a an e en o e u ca s

on th m h ft
e ca Th xh t nd i
s a . ti on i nl t
e e a us a a r s uc e

v lva es th
are o t i d (longit din ll y ) whil th f l
on e u s e u a , e e ue

a nd t r ti ng v lv
s a lo atog th r th obj t b i g
es a re c se e e , e ec e n

to h v th i r l v r i t r onn t d th t i t i i mp o ibl
a e e e e s n e c ec e so a s ss e

f or th tw v lv e to b p t th m ti m Th f l
o a es e O en a e sa e e . e ue

v lv i f o r i n th ntr f th ylind r ov r nd
a e s, o c u se , e ce e o e c e c e , a

th llow th il to nt r tr ll y nd gi v
us a s e o e q l di e cen a a e an e ua s

t i b ti n f p r
r u o r ov r th p i ton d ring omb ti o
o es s u e e e s u c us n .

A thi rd o t r b ri g u ep r t f ro eam th n g i b
, d
se p l ta a e e en ne e -
a e

i lw y p rovi d d wi th th fly wh l T m o nt d b t w
s a a s e ,
e ee ,
u e e ee n

thi d th inn r
s an k h ft b r i g
e e Di
cra n l g i n s a ea n . es e en es are

ne v r o tr t d tw b ri g m hin with n ov r
e c ns uc e as o ea n ac es a e

h ng fl ywh l
u ee .

S t t i n g n d R u n ni n g
ar a — Th t ti ng d r nni g f e s ar an u n o

th e en
g i i f o
nell o w T
s as h t rt i n g l v r n s t h n g i e s a e e o e e ne

i p t i n th
s u t rti ng p o i ti o th t i
e s a th t th l v r s n, a s, so a e e e

t ti ng th f l v lv i t f op r ti on nd th f l
a c ua e ue a e s ou o e a a e ue

v l v r m i n lo d w h i l t t h l v
a e e a s c se t t i g th t r t
,
s e e er a c u a n e s a

i g v lv
n a th e onyli d r i i i t worki g p o iti on th t i
e c n e s n s n s , a s,

i t i m ov d by i t
s e m th m h ft
s ca i t r volv on nd e ca s a as e es a

th us O
p t h t
e ns r t i g v l e s aT h g i n n i b rr d roa ve n d . e en e s a e u

ti ll i t i j t ov r th d d
s us tr th f l v lv i p mp d
e e ea ce n e, e ue a e s u e
 O
C NS TR UCT I ON OF THE D I E S EL E NGI NE 51

up by h nd to n u th il p iping i f ll f il nd th i
a e s re e O s u o o ,
a e a r

bl t v lv n th r rvoi 0 i op n d th t th r i
as a e o e ese r s e e so a e e s

a su
pp ly f hi h
g p o r r i n t h f l v l v w h n
e s su e a r o i t i e ue a e e s

r d y to p n Th v lv n th t rting r rvoi whi h

ea O e . e a e o e s a es e r c

i to b
s d i th n op n d nd th
e us e s ngin
e t rt p e e a e e e s a s u as

a ompr d i ngi n I t i ll ow d t m k tw or
c es s e a r e e . s a e o a e o

thr r vol ti on wh n th t rting h ndl i mov d

ee e u s e e s a a e s e so

th t th l v r p r ti ng th t rting v lv n th gi n
a e e e O e a e s a a e o e en e

is no l ong r mov d by i t e m nd th v lv th
e r m ins ca ,
a e a e us e a s

c l o d whil
se , th m op r t i on bri g th f l v lv
e e sa e e a n s e ue a e

l v r i nto w orkin g p o i t i o n
e e nd th o p n th f l v l v
s , a us e s e ue a e

as th e m p r t i ng i t om
ca O e a ro nd Th rr ng m nt c es u . e a a e e

is such t h t w h n th a t rting h ndl i in th t r ti g

e e s a a e s e s a n

p o i t
s i o n t h l v r o pe r t i
e ng th ef l v l v i h
e a l d w ll t e ue a e s e e ou

o f th r g e f it
an m n th
e o m h ft whil w h n t h
s ca o e ca S a , e e e

t rti ng l v r i p h d b k to th r nning p o ition th

s a e e s us e ac e u s e

l v r p r t i ng th
e e O e a t rti ng v lv i i mil rly h ld w y
e s a a e s s a e a a

fro m i t m s ca .

D i p ti n of F o u C y l S i n gl A ti n g E n gi n
e s cr o r -
c e e c e.

F i g 1 3 nd 1 4 how l ongi t di n l nd tr n v r
s a S ti o n l u a a a s e se s e c a .

l v t i on
e e a f i ngl
s o yli nd r Di l ngin f th ordi ry
a s e c-
e ese e e o e na

s l o w p d fo s ee y l ingl ting typ

ur c -
c e o tr t d
s e ac e as c ns uc e

by th M hi n nf brik A g b rg Nii b g A G All

e a sc e a u s u rn er . .

th f o r v l v
e u a rr g d in th yli d r h d th i
e s are a an e e c n e ea , e a r

i l t
n e ti on v lv E d th xh t v lv A b i g i mi
s uc a e an e e aus a e e n s

lar . Th ese f th m hroo m typ

are o p n i g d
e o w n us e, O e n

w rd di r t ly i to th
a s ec ylind r nd th y k pt th i
n e c e ,
a e a re e on e r

sea s t by tro g pri g th pr s n s n wh i h m y b

n s, rg e e s s ure o c a e e u

l t d if r q i r d
a e e Th o tl t fro m th
u e . xh t v lv ie u e e e a us a e s

c onn t d by pi pi ng to th i l r whil to th i
ec e ti o n
e s en ce , e e a r s uc

i nl t ie o pl d pip thro gh whi h th i i d wn from

s c u e a e u c e a r s ra

th e a t mo p h r Thi o i t i rt lly f lo d ylind r

s e e . s c ns s s V ua o a c se c e

wi th n mb r
a uf v ry e rrow lo gi t din l lit rr g d
o e na n u a s s a an e

us ua ll y i n tw ti o n o hown nd by thi m n th
se c s as s , a s ea s e

a cce s s o f d t i p r v nt d whil t h
us s oi d to th r h
e e e , e e n se ue e us

o f t h i n o mi ng i i r d
e c d t mi ni m m
a r s Th f l e u ce o a u . e ue

v lv nd p lv ri r B p h p th mo t i mp ort t
a e a u — e se ,
er a s e s an

d t il f th i — i
e enfi x d di r t ly ine th tr f t h e ec n e c en e o
e a o
g s e
 52 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND A ND M AR I NE WOR K
c ylind r e , a nd o t i d in th yli d r h d
i s li kewi s e c n a ne e c n e ea ,

th e dl b i ng h ld i n p o i ti o by
n ee e e e d j t bl p r i s
g n an a us a e s n .

Th t rt i g v lv V i fix d
e s a n a loe i p r t i b l to
s e as c se a s s ac ca e

th ef l v lv ue d i a f o m wh t i m i l r typ i n th i
e, an s o s e a s a e s

d ig to t h
es n xh t d ti on v lv e e a us x pt th t i t
an s uc a es , e ce a

i m h m ll r
s uc Th s a m h ft H i
e . e
pp ort dca b t w s a s su e e ee n

tw ob ri g ea br k t bolt d to th ylind r t ing

n s on ac e s e e c e ca s ,

o ne f th o br k t b ing n i n F i g 1 4 Thi h f t
es e ac e s e s ee . s s a

ca rri th fo es m S i F ig 14
e ur ca Th v lv l v r w h i h
s n . . e a e e e s c

are ac u a et t d by th v l m i
e se
p vot d era p i dl ca s a re e on a s n e

su
pp or t d by t we m l l t n d r d
o fi x sd to tah y li n
s a d r a s e e c e

h d th t r ti g v lv m l v r D nd th f l v lv
ea , e s a n a e ca e e ,
a e ue a e

l v rF b i g
e e n i e n F i g 14 s ee Th v rt i l g ov rnor p i ndl
n . . e e ca e s e

C wh i h p r t c th O m h f t th f l v l v p m p t h
e a es e ca s a , e ue a e u ,
e

g ov r or
e n nd i n , o m a m h i n t hs m l l l e br i t i ac
g es e s a u ca n

p um p i d r
s,i v n s ff t h m ien r nk
o h f t by we or m a c a s a a

d ivr r nni ng i il nd provid d wi th

e, u n o o pli ng
a e a c u ne a r

th eb d p l t to f i li t t
e -
a e m ov l acd i p t i on a e Th re a an ns ec . e

g ear box o t i t hc p r
n a ns w h l thro g h w
e s h i h rot
u t i o ee s u c a n

i gi v n to th
s e m h ft t h lf th e ca p sd fa t h a g i a e s ee o e en ne

s h ft Th go or M i f th ordi y typ
a . e ve rn d r g
s o e na r e, an e u

l t
a es th p d f
e s t h g
ee i b y o o tro ll i
e en
g t h m o n
ne t f c n n e a u o

f l d mi tt d to t h
ue a yli d r i m n r d i b d l t r
e e c n e n a a ne escr e a e .

Th e ylind r li r i p t fro m th m i yli n d r

c e ne s se ara e e a n c e

ca s t i g both f whi h
n ,
of t iro nd mpl p
c a re o ca s n, a a e s a ce

i l ft f
s e th w t r j k t
or e th ooli g w t r t ri ng
a e ac e ,
e c n a e en e

th e botto m f th yli d r nd l vi g t th t p o e c n e a ea n a e O

o f th yli d r ov r thro g h th d li v y pip P I

e c n e c e ,
u e e er e . n

s om gi th xh t p ip d th xh t v lv
e en ne s e e a us e an e e a us a e are

a sl o w t r j k t d thi a e ac d di g lig ht ly to th
e e ,
s ffi i a y n S e e c en c

o f th m hi e It i
ac ne ti l i n y
. th t th ov r
s e sse n a an ca s e a e c e

s ho ld b w ll ool d i ord r t p v t th v lv b m
u e e c e ,
n e o re en e a es e co

i g ov rh t d
n e d it i m d
ea e ,
an f m iv o tr tio n
s a e o a ss e c ns uc ,

b ing
e r d to th ylind r by i ght t d f mpl
se cu e e c e e s u s o a e

i
S ze Th p i ton i
. e lly f t h
s s t i ou su a t k typ o e ca s -
r n r un e,

s li ght ly di h d t t h t p s e nd i p rti
a e l rly lo g i ord r
e ,
a s a cu a n n e

t o p rov i d l o g b e r i a g r f n to r d
ea t h n p r su r a ce e u ce e ess u e

d ue to th ob li q i ty f th p i ton d I t i
e u o lly fitt d
e s re . s u s ua e
 O
C NS TR UCTI N OF THE DI E S E L E NGI NE O 53

wi th si x tobottom ring to
ei g ht R a ms r tightn s s e cu e ess ,

an d l bri t i o n i
u ff t d thro gh
ca s m ll p ip whi h
e ec e u a s a e, c

c omm i t wi th th ylind r lin r n r th ntr nd

un ca e s e c e e ea e ce e, a

d li v r i nto n
e e s l r p i n i t p rovi d d w i th
a a nnu a n mb r
s a ce , e a u e

o f v ry m ll ho l
e s p i r i n
ag t h li n r esn d g i v i n
e c
g f e e a a cce s s o

th i l to th p i to n
e o Th onn t i g d br
e s . m d e c ec n ro a sse s are a e

a d j t b l in th
us a e l w y to t k p w
e u s ua r d w a l l a e u ea , an are e

l bri t d
u ca e Th i mp
. L i n t hi m hi n i dri v n
e a r co re s s or s ac e s e

o ff th onn t i g d by lin k l v r th o mpr or yli d r

e c ec n ro e e s, e c es s c n e

b i g bolt d to th front f th ngin ylind r tho gh

e n e e o e e e c e ,
u

thi m thod i by m n g r ll y d opt d th dri v

s e s no ea s en e a a e , e e

oft n b i g r g d di tly ff th r k h ft t th nd
e e n a ra n e r ec o e c an s a a e e

o f th m hi e r mot from th flywh l wi th th yli d r

ac ne e e e ee , ec n e s

fix d to th b d p l t
e The ompr or hown in F i g 1 3
e -
a e . e c es s s s .

a nd 1 4 i f th t w s t g typ
o e mploy d f o s a
-
m ll e e, as e e or s a

m hi n ac nd th es , yli d r i l o w t r ool d th m
a e c n e s a s a e c e , e sa e

w t r b i g
a e de n f th ngi n
use ylind r j k t or b y
as or e e e c e ac e ,

p as s e d fro m t h m i n pp ly m ey b d a i r d su T h m as a
'

e es e . e co

p r d
e sse i f o m t h
a r o m p r r or i d li v r ed dic t i t o e ss s e e e re c n

th i i nj ti o bl t r
e a r ec rvoir t hro gh op p r p i pi g
n as es e u c e n

V lv a nd C m s es a — Th t i o n f tha io m m y e ac o e va r u s ca s a

b e e x min d t thi p oint thi b i g m tt r f i mp ort n

a e a s ,
s e n a a e o a ce ,

as th x t ti m f th p ning f th v lv r l ti v t th
e e ac e o e O e o e a es , e a e o e

p o i t
si o n f t h p i too d t h e d r t i os f th i
n, a n o p n i g i e u a n o s e n s

c no troll d ti r ly by th m whi h p r t th v lv
e en e e ca s c O e a e e a es

t hro gh i nt rm di ry l v r Th p o iti on f th m
u e e a e e s . e s o e ca s

r l ti v to h oth r i th n i mp ort t p oint nd i b t

e a e eac e s us a an , a s es

e xp l in d by di gr mm ti r pr t ti on f th m I n
a e a a a a c e e s en a o e .

F ig 1 5 th f l v lv
. e m i i ndi t d b y A t h xh
ue a e ca t v lv s ca e , ee aus a e

ca m by B th i ti o v lv by C d th t r ting v lv
, e a r s uc n a e ,
an e s a a e

ca m by D I n fo r y l . ngi n a h l m t b op
u -
c c e e e eac va ve us e en

on in tw r vol ti o
ce o d th e m h ft m t n
u ns a n rily e ca s a us ecess a

rot t t h lf th p d f t h r k h ft In th di gr m
a e a a e s ee o e c an s a . e a a s

th r for n r vol ti on f th
e e e, o e e k h ft i r p r
u nt do e cra n s a s e ese e

by a m i i r l or
se w hi l d ing
c c e trok f th e ur o ne s e o e

p i sto n h m m
ea c k q cart r f voa l t i o
es a T h v rt
ua i e o a re u n . e e

ca l nd hori o t l di m t r i n F i g 15 th r for r p r
a z n a a e e s nt . e e e e e se

t p
o d bot t o m d d
an tr f th r k th v rti l li nea ce n es o e c an ,
e e ca es
54 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WOR K
b t k n t p d d tr nd th hori ont l on
e i ng a e as o ea ce n es a e z a es a s

th botto m d d
e ntr Th r ng m nt f th m i
ea ce es . e a ra e e o e ca s

n w o ily d r too d
ea s Th f l m op n th f l v l
un e s . e ue ca e s e ue a ve

j t pr vi o to th pi ton r hing th d f it p trok

us e us e s e ac e en. o s u s e,

th gi ving p dmi i on to th xt t f p rh p l p
us re a -
ss e e en o e a s er

t f th trok or l d p nding n th p d f t h
ce n . o e s e es s , e e o e s ee o e

eng i T h
nev l v i .th n h ld o p n f t
e h r q i
a r d p r i o d e s e e e or e e u e e ,

9 ‘"
l
Co

Fu e l Val ve Ca m . E xha us t Va l ve Ca m . Admis s zan Va l ve Ca m . S ta r t ing Va l ve Ca m

B C D
FIG . 15 .
—D i a g ra m s h o w i ng Arran g e m en t of Ca m s w i th D i es e l E ng in e .

th e tot l mo nt f th op ni g b i g thro gh n ng l f
a a u o e e n e n u a a e o

8 or 1 0 p nt Th xh t v lv m i mi l rly op n
e r ce . e e aus a e ca s a e s

sli ght ly b for th d f th worki g tro k r m i

e e e en p n o e n s e, e a ns O e

d i g th w ho l
ur n f th e xt or xh t trok nd lo e o e ne e a us s e, a c se s

j t ft r t h botto m d d tr i r h d Ai dm i i o n
us a e e ea ce n e s ea c e . r a ss

co mm n thro gh th i
e ce s ti o n v lv j t b for th
u e a r s uc a e us e e e

en d f th o xh t t ok e e nd th v l ausi k p t p n d ri g
s r e, a e a ve s e O e u n

th n x t trok
e e nd lo s i mm di t lye, ft r th
a r nk c se s e a e a e e c a

p as ses t h t p d d e tr T h e t r t i ng v l eam i ce n e . e s a a ve ca s

r ng d to p n th v lv j t b for th t p d d tr
a ra e O e e a e us e e e e ea ce n e

i r
s h d d to lo i t o m on i d r bl ti m b for th
eac e ,
an c se s e c s e a e e e e e

end f tho tr k All th m e s o r g d t h t th

e . e ca s are a ra n e so a e

v l p v y lightly d ri g th fi t m om nt f ont t
a ve O e ns er s u n e rs e o c ac

o f th m wi th th l v r
e ca ft r wh i h th v lv op n e e e ,
a e c e a e e s

r p i dly to i t f ll xt t d lo in th m m nn r
a s u e en , an c s es e sa e a e ,

so t h t i th a t l o p r ti o
n v y q i k dmi i o d
e a c ua e a n a er u c a ss n an
 O O
C NS TR UCTI N OF THE DI E S E L E NGI NE 55

cu t O ff obt i d Th di gr m d o n t how th m
is a ne . e a a es o S e ca s

i n th i re t l r l t i v p o i ti on
a c ua e aif t hi w r e ll t h s s , as s e e so a e

l v r w o ld h v to b
e e s u r g d p r ll l wi th h oth r
a e e a ra n e a a e e ac e

ta r ti ng
-
He n did

S t a r t rri g

16 .
—F u el I nle t V a l ve a nd

a nd the v lv
a e s O p en i n t he s a me di re cti o n, w hr e e as , i n t he
t
a c ua l e ngi ne , t he e xh a us t ,
a i r s u cti o n , a nd s a t r ti ng v lv a es

a ll op en r
i nwa ds to the cy li nd e r ,
a nd the fue l i nle t v lv a e
50 DI E S EL E NGI NE S F oR L AND AN D MAR I NE W R K O
O pe ns o t w rd
u a v r t ti g i t h th r for
s, a nd t he le e ac ua n as e e e

to b t t di ff r t gl fro m th f h l v r
e se a a e en an e e o er e e s .

Th g n r l rr g m nt f th f l i nl t v lv wi th th
e e e a a an e e o e ue e a e e

ca m d l v r f
an i t op r t i o i
e e how i F i g 1 6 Wh
or s e a n s S n n . . en

th e no f th m o m i n o t t with th v lv l v r
se o e ca c es c n ac e a e e e ,

t hi i for d tw rd d th v lv i p d g i n t
s s ce ou a s an e a e s O e ne a a s

th pr e r f pri ng whi h orm lly k p th v lv

es s u e o a s ,
c n a ee s e a e

on it t th m o t f th op ni g b i g xtr m ly m ll
s se a , e a un o e e n e n e e e s a .

F i g 1 6 l o ho w th
. a s t rti g h dl whi h wh n i n th
s s e s a n an e c e e

hori ont l p o iti o

z a th s t r ti g v lv l v r to o m
n c a use s e s a n a e e e c e

i o t t wi th th no f i t m th m h ft rot t
n c n ac e se o s ca as e ca s a a es ,

w hil th f l v lv l v r i h ld l r f i t
e e ue a e m t th
e e m
s e c ea o s ca a e sa e

ti m eWh n th
. t r ti g h ndl i i
e e s a t h v rt i l p o i ti o
n a e s n e e ca s n

th e t rti ng v lv l v r i l r f i t m whi l th f l
s a a e e e s c ea o s ca , e e ue

v lv l v r th n o m into op r ti on I t i gr t
a e e e e c es e a . s a ea co n

i
ve n e nce if th l v r i o t t d th t th r i joint
e e e s s o c n s r uc e a e e s a

b t w th pi ndl n whi h i t i pi vot d nd th v lv

e e en e s e o c s e a e a e

s p i d
n l i n th
e, s i jo i n t
ce th n r dsi ly b bro k n ca n
n d t h e ea e e a e

v lva i ly
e ea s mov d Thi re rr g m t tho gh t ni
e . s a an e en ,
u no u
v r l i n w dopt d by l rg n mb r f m k r
e sa , s e a e a a e u e o a e s .

F ig 1 7 ho w . d t i l dr wi ng p r tly di gr m m ti
s s a e a f a ,
a a a a c, o

t h typ
e f f l i nl t v lv
e o ue nd p lv ri r m o t o mmonl y
e a e a u e se s c

e mploy d wi th D i e l g i tho g h th ese r li en

g ht di ff r
n es , u e e are s e

e n ces wi th ngi n f v ri o
e m k es o Th il fro m th f l
a us a es . e o e ue

p um p n t r thro
e g h
e s t h i
p p A t h u m o n t b i n g re g e , e a u e e u

l t d by th
a e ti on f th g ov rnor n th p mp to
e ac o i t th
e e o e u su e

l o d n th e g i n
a o eTh n i l flo w d o wn th
e . m ll yli ndri l
e o s e s a c ca

hol B nd nt r th
e a e l r p e s 0 thro gh D n r th
e a nn u a s a ce u ea e

bottom f th dl v lv E gro
o e nee d to n ngl e a f bo t e ,
un a a e o a u

j t bov th p l v ri i g or pr yi g rr g m nt
us a e e u e s n s a n a an e e .

F or thi p rp o th r s u fo r m t l ri ng F
se e e are h ont i ni ng u e a s , ea c c a

a l rg n m b r (t w nty or m or ) f m ll hol
a e u e e lly n e o s a e s us ua o e

t nth to n i x t th f i h i n di m t r Th hol
e o e s -
e en o an nc a e e . e es

i n th p l t e or ri g
a es t gg r d ho wn i n th fig r
n s are s a e e as s e u e,

so th t th il m y t b blown di r tly thro gh th m

a e o a no e ec u e ,

nd b t w l t v ry m ll b d G B o '
a n th
e p ee e n a es l w
a re e s a a s . e

th r ing i
e oni lly h p d pi in th p rip h ry f
s s a c ca -
s a e ece , e e e o

whi h c bo t th m
ar e a umb r f h e l sa th r e nu e o c a n ne s as e e
 O O
C NS TR UCTI N OF THE D I E S E L E NGI NE 57

a re hol es r
th h nn l
i n the i ngs , a nd ese c a e s, h h m y b fro m
w ic a e

o n -
i xt
e s nth t ee n t w nt i th f n
o o e -
e e o a i h d p for m
nc ee , a

se ri f o l thro gh whi h th f
es o n zz e s , u c e ue l h to p
as ft r as s , a e

g tet i g thro
n g h t h ho l
u i th r i g e es n e n s . I t th n t r th
e en e s e

FI G . 17 .
—F ue l I nl e t Va l ve a nd P u lv e ri s e r .

c ylind r by th xp
e orifi whi h i m d f t l th
e e a ndi ng ce , c s a e o s ee , e

g iud f t
esh n ordl v l
e v b i g
ee f t iero T h
a e l r e n o ca s n . e a nn u a

sp 0 i
a ce lw y i n
s a di r t
a o n s x i o n w i th t h i j
ec t i o c ne e n ec n

i r
a r rvoi es e oon th v lv n th r r oir i p d
r as s as e a e o e e se v s O e ne ,

a nd th i et r th
a r en e s
p r t h t p t hroe sg h oth
a ce nea e o u an er
58 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K

18 .
—F u el I nle t V a l ve of Ak ti e b ola g e t D i es e ls Mo torer Typ e .

i
p p e a nd a cy li nd ri ca l hol e i n t he s a m e cas ti g th t f th
n as a or e

fli t l i n le t . The s p a ce 0 i s t h u s a lw a s su
y bj t d to t h high
ec e e
00 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
a nd th y o tr t d to b i t bl f th thi k t o i l
e a re c ns uc e e su a e or e c es s ,

an d notro b l i th uxp ri n d wi th l vi o f l
e s en e e e ce ess sc us ue s .

Th typ e f p lv ri r nd f l i nl t v lv
e o u ed op t d by
se a ue e a e a e

th A B D i
e . l M t . f S to k ho l m di ff r
e se s o m wh t
o orer o c e s s e a

fro m th l o n tr ti o n
e u s ua di
c i d to gi v v ry ffi i n t
s uc ,
an s sa e e e c e

r lt Thi i ill tr t d i n F i g 1 8 nd 1 9 d th m thod

e su s . s s us a e s . a , an e e

of p r ti o n i
O e a hown in F i g 20 Th il nt r th nn l r
s s . . e o e e s e a u a

sp a ce a t t h bo tto m fro m
e t h f l p m p i n t h l w y e ue u s e u s ua a ,

p o i t
s i o n 1 F
( gi 2 0 ) ho wi n g t h .m o nt l ft i m m s di t l y e a u e e a e

aft r t h i j ti o n i to th
e e n ec vli d I p o i ti o 2 t h
n il e c n er . n s n e O

F IG . 20 —Di . a g ra m s h o w in g A c ti on of P u lve ri s e r .

ha s b ee n p u m p e d u p o o o
fr m the fuel p u mp , w i le i n p si ti n 3 h
th f l v lv h
e ue a e as b j t to
li f te d , a nd the o i l i s ei ng i n e c e d i n
th e c yli d r Th b t n e . or e thro h
la s o f a ir f ces t he oi l y ug s p e ci a l l

s h p d p g whi h
a e a ss a es , lly v d or f i r g l r
c are u s u a cur e ,
o re u a

form d th mi xt
,
an i gi v
e p i r l m
ureot i o n t h sh v i r en a s a , e ea e

p art i l f
c es oil b i g thro o wn g i n t
e n t h id f t h p g a a s e s es o e as s a e

so th t ompl t p lv ri ti o t k pl
a c e e u Th p l v ri r
e sa n a es a ce . e u e se

i s ent i r ly l r d f i l with h i nj ti o whi h in r v r

e c ea e o o e ac ec n, c e e

s i bl m ri n
e g
a i n ie oen i d r b l es d v n t g
s n
a d i t
c ns e a e a a a e, a

n e ce s sit t t h t th
a es x t mo t f il d liv r d by th
a e e ac a un o o e e e e

p m
u p i i j t ds i to t h
n ec e w or k i g y li
n n d r e n c e .

Th g n r l rr g m t wi th th ordi ry typ
e e e a a an e en f Di l e na e o e se

en g i ne of t h f l v lv exh ue t d i a t i o n
e v. l v
e i n a us an a r suc a es
 O
C NS TR UCTI ON OF THE DI E S E L E NGI NE 61

t he c yli d r ov r i how i n F i g
n e c e s s n . h
21 w i le F i g 22 gi . v es a

s ec ti on thro gh th xh t v lv
u e e a us a e a nd ca m s h ft howi
a s ng

FIG . 2l .
—A i r I n le t a nd E xh a us t Va l ves (i n s e c ti o n ) .

t he r o n f th v l
O p e a ti I t will b
o oti d fro m th
e a ve . e n ce e

i ll tr t i o
us a th t th r mov l f th v lv
ns a e b erri d a o e a e s ca n e ca e

ou t v ry xp di t i o ly in ll
e e e I o m gi n n t
us a ca s e s . II s e en es , o

a bly tho on tr t d i n Am ri th f l i nl t v lv i
se c s uc e e ca , e ue e a e s

a rr ng d hori ont lly n th i d f th ylind r h d whi h

a e z a o e s e o e c e ea c

p roj t w ll
ec s ov r t
eh yl i d r d et h xh t v
e l vc nd n e ,
an e e a us a e a

a d m i i n v lv
ss o l o fitt d i nto th i proj ti o n th
a e a re a s e s ec , e

e xh t v lv i n th t p d th dmi i on v lv und
a us a e e o an e a ss a e er

n thea .
62 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WO R K

22 .
—E xh a us t Va l ve (s ecti on ) .

R e gu l a ti o n o f th e E n gi n e —The g ov r n . sa me me thod of e

i g th
n p d
e s f D i l
ee g i of t h l nd
esetyp wi th
en v r i
y gn
nes o e a e a

lo d i
a do p t d by p r ti lly ll th
s a e hi f m f t r r
ac ca a e c e a n u ac u e s ,

th r b i ng n t r lly om di ff r n in on tr ti on l
e e e a u a s e e e ces c s uc a

d t il
e a Th . ontrol i ff t d ntir ly by r g l ti on f th
e c s e ec e e e e u a o e

a mo t f i l dmi tt d i nto th
un o o a ylind r thro gh th f l
e e c e u e ue

i nl t v lv
e nd h n
a n
e, alt r ti o n i n th tro k or th d r
e ce o a e a e s e e u a

ti on f th p ni g f thi v lv i r qui r d whi h wo ld b

o e O e n o s a e s e e ,
c u e

th ry m n f gov rni g i f th f l pply w r n t

e ne ce s s a ea s o e n e ue su e e o

var i d th l tt r m tho d b i g obvi o

e ,
e a e ly mor
e onv ni nt e n us e c e e
 O
C NS TR UCTI ON OF THE D I E S E L E NGI NE 63

f r o m m an p i n sy o t of vi ew, rti l rly i

p a cu a n a s mu c h as the
v
v a l es ma y b e se t a nd ne v r to h d on
e uc e ce the engi ne h as
b e en p u t to work . A s m a ll fuel p ump i s p rovi d d whi he c

p u m p s th il to th
e o e fuel v lv thro gh
a e u a c onn ti g d liv ry
ec n e e

F m . 23
.
—A rra n
g m
e en t of Gov ern o r a n d F ue l V a lve of M i rrle es , B i cl< er to n
5 Da
58 T e
y yp .
 64 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
ppi e Th e o il is d a wn i n to th p mp yli d r n th p r e u c n e o e u

s troke of the p um p p lunge r thro gh m ll v lv nd ,

u a s a a e, a

n th d o wn tro k th i v lv r m i op n f hor t p r iod

.

o e s e s a e e a ns e or a s e ,

a ft r wh i h ll th
e c il i p mp d into th
a e o yli nd r Th s u e e c e . e

p rei od d r i ng w hi h u th t i o n v l v cr m in oe suc
p n d ri g a e e a s e u n

th d o wn trok
e f th p l ng r f t h p mp i
s e o e ontroll d u e o e u s c e

by th g v rnor th t if th p d ri too h igh th t io

e o e , so a e s ee s es e suc n

v lv i h ld p n f lo g r ti m d l il i d li v r d
a e s e O e or a n e e , an e ss o s e e e

to th ngi n ylind r wh r if th p d i l w th ti o
e e e c e , e ea s e s ee s o e s uc n

v lv lo
a e lmo t i m m d i t ly t th b gi nni g f th
c ses a s e a e a e e n o e

d o wn trok f th p l g r
s e o d m o t f th e il dr wn i n
un e , an s o e o a

d ri g th
u n ti on tro k
e su c i p m p d i nto th s ylind r d
e s u e e c e ur

ing th d li v y tro k e e I n m lti yli nd r ngi n

er s e . om u -
c e e es s e

m k r p r f r to h
a e s e e p r t f l p m
a ve a se
p f h y l i a a e ue u or ea c c n

d er , whi l t oth r m p l y o ly n p m p f
s e s e opp ly i n g ll n o e u or s u a

th eylind r tho gh thi i n th whol n t q i t

c e s, u s s o e e o u e so

sa ti f tory b t i f o r i mpl r
s ac ,
u s, o c u se, s e .

F i g 23 ho w di gr mm t i lly t h
. s s arr ng m nt d op t d
a a ca e a a e e a e

by M r Mi l B i k rton 8 D y L td f gov rni ng

es s s . rr e e s , c e 5 a ,
.
,
or e

th e su
pp l y f f l to t h yol i d rue A i t h p l g r
e c f t h n e . s e un e o e

f l p mp whi h obt i n i t mot i on fro m n

ue u ,
c a ntri s n s a e cce c o

th e ca m h ft or v rti l i nt r m di t
s a h ft f th gi n
e ca e e a e s a o e en e .

On th p tro
e uk f t h p sl g r il i
eo d r w n i ne thro g h t h
un e , o s a u e

s uc ti o v lv 0 whi h i op n d by th moti on f th d
n a e ,
c s e e e o e ro

D tt h d to link i n th ro h d f th f l p mp
,
a ac e a e cTh ss ea o e ue u . e

ac t i o n f th o ti on v lv i mor l rly n i n th ill

e su c a e s e c ea se e e us

t ti n t t h l ft f F i g 23 th
ra o o e e i l b i ng dr wn fro m t h
o .
, e o e a e

c h mb r E in th di r ti on f th rrow D ri ng th
a e e ec o e a s . u e

do wn tro k s f th pl g r th e o il wh i h h
e b n dr wn i n
un e e o c as ee a

i for d p thro gh th f l d li v ry p i p to th f l i nl t
s ce u u e ue e e e e ue e

v lv lo g th
a e so t i o n v lv r m i lo d b t w h i l
n as e s uc a e e a ns c se , u e

thi l tt r i op n n il n b d li v r d ll b ing for d

s a e s e o o ca e e e e , a e ce

b k i nto th
ac h mb r E Th ti on f th p mp n n w
e c a e . e ac o e u ca o

b e e xpl in d in r l ti on to th gov rnor F whi h i f th

a e e a e e ,
c s o e

H rtn ll typ
a e Wh n th p
e . d f t h neg i n r i t
e h s ee o e e e s es , e

g ov r nore b ll or w i g ht a p rsi n g o t w r d e to t h p o i
s s t i o n u a s e s s

as i di t d by th
n ca e ntr li n nd by m e ce n f th lin k e es , a ea s o e

m h ni m ho w th
ec a s d Ds t t i g th
n, e ro ti o n v l , ac u a n e s uc a ve ,
 O
C NS TR UCTI N OF THE D I E S E L E NGI NE O 65

is r i d ti ll th ntr f th pin n whi h th l v r G

a se e ce e o e o c e e e

t r n r h th l v l
u s, ea c es d th trok f D i th n 6
e e e a an e s e o s e a

in t d f b w h n th g ov r nor b ll
”
’ ’ “
s ea o a e i Th e e a s a re n . e

s uc t i n v lv i th h ld op n f
o a e s l o g r p ri o d f t h
us e e or a n e e o e

d o w n trok s f th p l g r A
e o d l i l i th r for d
e un e an es s o s e e e e

li v r d to th
e e
g i n y li d r
e en d t h p d dro p
e c w h n t h
n e ,
an e s ee s e e

FI G . 24 .
—F u el P um p (Wi ll a ns R o b in s o n Typ e ) .

g ov er n or b ll m ov a i w rsd d t h l v r eG r nt r to
a i t s an e e e e u ns s

n orm l trok
a s e .

I n t h typ e f f l p mp mp loy d by th M
e o ue hiu e e e as c ne n

f bri k A g b rg Nii b g t h p mp p l g r i
a u s u -
rn t td
ur , e u un e s ac ua e

by n a ntr i
e cce th m o t i o h ft b for nd th
c on e n s a as e e, a e s uc

t i o n v lv i op
a e d by
s fi g r pi ene tt h d t v rti l a n e e ce a ac e o a e ca

l v r w h i h d ri v
e e ,
c it p ed d o w n m ot
esi o f ro ms uoth r an n an e

F
66 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
le v r tt h d to th p mp d nd pi vot d
e a ac e tri lly e u ro a e e c ce n ca

to th pi dl dri ing i t Th pi dl h
e s n e m ll r nk
v . e s n e as a s a c a

fix d t i t t wh i h i
e o tt h d v r ti l d t t d by
, o c s a ac e a e ca ro ,
a c ua e

th gov r or m h ni m
e e nnd wh n t h p ecd f t h an gi n s , a e e s ee o e e e

f ll
a th t th gov r or b ll mov i nw rd thi d i
s so a e e n a s e a s, s ro s

d pre d d th
e ss e m ll r nk t r d thro gh n
,
an e s
g l th a c a u ne u a an e, us

i g th
ca u s n d o p r t i g th e ro ti o v lv to hold i t op n e a n e suc n a e e

f or hor t r p i od th n th orm l Mor il i th n

a s e er a e n a . e o s e

d li v r d to th f l i l t v lv
e e e nd t h egi n p ue d ri n e a e a e en e s ee s es .

Th l l f th
e i l i th
e ve il h m b r i m i t i n d
o e o n e o c a e s a n a e co n

t nt by flo t nd p ip fro m thi h mb r i onn t d

s a a a , a a e s c a e s c ec e

d ir tly wi th th
ec pp ly fro m t h f l filt r e suT h f l p m p e ue e s . e ue u

i g i
ca s n lly fix d t th yli d r bo t th mi ddl
s us u a e d o e c n e a u e e , an

t h p l ng r h
e u v rti l m oti o from th
e as a tri th
e ca n e ecce n c on e

hori o t l m h ft whi l th gov r or l v r i tt h d to

z n a ca s a , e e e n e e s a ac e

th eg ov r or l th
e n v rt i l g ov r
s ee ven or h ft f th on e e ca e s a o e

e ng i ne .

F ig how th d ig f f l p mp nd gov r or
. 24 s s e es n o ue u a e n

a d o p t d by M e r Will n 8 R obin o Ltd f th i r

e ss s . a s 5 s n, .
, or e

t nd d gin thi b i g f th hori o t l t yp Th

s a ar en es , s e n o e z n a e . e

v r ti l gov rnor h ft whi h l o dri v th m h f t

e ca e s a a, c a s es e ca s a

thro gh b v l g ri g i d i v ff th r nk h ft f th
u e e ea n , s r en o e c a s a o e

en g i n b y w or
e m g r i g n d h fi x d to i t
ea t h g o n r ,
or a as e e ve n

i g
ca s n Th g o r or o i t
. e f w igh t
ve n tt h d to c ns s s o e s a ac e a

cen tr l l v th ff t b i g th t y o t w rd or inw rd
a s ee e, e e ec e n a an u a a

m oti o f t h w i g ht d
n o to v ri ti on f p d f th ngi n
e e s ue a a o s ee o e e e ,

ca u se s a n a n g l r m ot i n to t h
u a l oo l v rry i n g
o t h e se s ee e, ca e

e cce n tri b whi h op t th m ll d Th mov m t

c c e ra e s e s a ro c . e e en

o f t hi d gi v
s ro g l r m ot i
eso n t t h
an an r k p i d
u a o e c an e ce ,

w hi h i t rc in th il
u n ra se s ti on v lv ff i t t d
e o su c a e 6 o s s ea an

a d mi t i l f o m th
s o h m b r f i to th p l g r ylind r 9
r e c a e n e un e c e ,

th p l
e g i t
u n erlf b i g d i se f ro m tr i
e n k n t h r ve n a n e cc e n c
l
o e

g ov r or
e n h f t T h f
s l ai l t f
.ro m t h filt i
e n ue t I n e e e rs s se e a .

O t h o t w r d trok
n e u f th p l g r i f t h
a s t i o n v lv i
e o e un e e s uc a e s

clo d t h
se il i d li v r d p t th v lv h w h i h i op n d
,
e o s e e e as e a e ,
c s e e

ag i
a ns t p r i g ad t hs i l nflo w t hro
, g h
an t h o t l t p pi
e o s u e u e e

to th f l i l t v lv f th gi n yli d r Th t i on
e ue n e a e o e en e c n e . e ac

o f t h gov e or x pt f it m h ni m i i mil to th t
er n ,
e ce or s ec a s ,
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 O
C NS TR UCTI ON OF TH E DIES EL E NGI NE 6

r dy d ri b d If th gi p d ri
a l ea es c e . d t h w i gh t
e en ne s ee s es a n e e s

m ov o t w rd t h
e u l v
a srrying th e i on v lv
s ee e ca d e s uc t a e ro

e cc e n tri i t r d thro gh m ll gl Th trok f

c s u ne u a s a an e . e s e o

th d i th
e ro s h to k p th en s uc ti on v lv op n d ring
as ee e s uc a e e u

a
g r t r
ea e p o ti o f t h o r t w r d n o tro k f t h p el n g ur a s e o e u e , so

th t l il i d li r d thro gh th o tl t p i p nd h n
a es s o s e ve e u e u e e, a e ce

th ep s d f
ee t h g i
o f ll de t h en n tr ine r g ai n i
s, t an e e cce c e a s s

n orm l p o iti on Th pi dl p m y b t rn d by h nd
a s . e s n e a e u e a ,

and th i ll o w f s a thr p o iti on f th p indl I n th

s or ee s s o e S e . e

n orm l or r i g p o it i o both th
a u nn n ti o s d d li v ry n e s uc n an e e

v lva es q it fr ; i n th
a re u e o d p o i t i o n th
ee ti o e s ec n s e s uc n

v lv i lo d th f l pply th b i g t ff from th
a e s c se ,
e ue su us e n cu o e

en g i w
ne ,h i h m t th c t p w h i l
us i n t h t h i r d o
en s o
p i t i o n t h , e e s e

s uc ti o v lv till r m i lo d d th d liv ry v l i
n a e s e a ns c se an e e e a ve s

op n d th t ny il i n th pip b tw n th p mp nd
e e ,
so a a o e es e ee e u a

th f e l inl t v lv
ue e b k into th pl ng r yli d r By
a e r un s ac e u e c n e .

t hi m s n th ea i l i p r v nt d fro m b ing p mp d i n x
s e o s e e e e u e e ces s

in t h f l h m b r t t rt i g
e ue c a nd if e p a r t f
s a l p mn
p , a a se a a e ue u

b provi d d wi th
e e h ylind r y li
e acn d r m y b
c r d i l y
e ,
o ne c e a e ea

cu t t f op r ti on
ou o Th p r
e a r n th gov rnor pri ng
. e ess u e o e e s s

m y ba lt r d by m n
e a e e f th rr ng m t how nd ea s o e
.
a a e en s n, a

h e n ce th r ni ng pe un d f th g i s n b eev r i d ow i th i e en ne ca e a e n

re a s on bl li mit a e s .

Ty p f F
es oC y l E n gi n our F i g 25
-
d 26 how
c e e. s . an s

v r ti l fro t d i d
e ca n ti o an l l v ti on s f th
e s ect nd rd na e e a s o e s a a

Di l
e se g i nen o tr t d by
e c M ns M i l uc e B i k r t o n 8 e s sr s . rr e es , c e 5

D y L td
a , Th . l l o g p i to n i
e usua mp loy d nd th h d n s s e e , a e ea

is l ight ly di h d nd ri b b d t
s s e dd to i t a tr gth Th e o a s s en . e

w ig ht ho w v r
e , f th p i to n i
e e , t x o iv e i t thi k
s s no e ce s s e , as s c

nes s i on id r bly r d d b low th g dg on pi n whi h

s c s e a e uc e e e u e ,
c

i holl o w nd i fix d to th p i to by tw
s a s e t d r wdi e s n o s u s sc e e n
fro m b lo w e Th b i g . d m ll d b ri g
e an l i d wi th s a en ea n s are ne
whi t m t l e d th for m r i
e a ,
an f t h box typ e nd h e di s o e e, a as s

t a n ce p i i n i t
eces t h t t h l g th f sot h o nn a t i n g e d en o e c ec ro

m y b v ri d wh i h b i d
a e a e ,
t ki g p w r llow f c es es a n u ea a s or

v ri ti on f th l
a a o b t w th pi ton d yli d r
e c e a ra n ce e ee n e s an c n e ,

a nd h i
en ce f lf v yi g th o mpr i on f th gi
s us e u or ar n e c ess o e en ne .

A tw t g v ti l i
o s a e o mpr or i
er ca d dri v n dir t fi
a r c e ss s use ,
e ec o
 68 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
the e nd Of the r
hi gh pr r ylind r b in g
c a nk s h fta , the es s u e c e e

di r tly ec bov th l w pr r nd n i nt r ool r f

a e e o es s u e , a a e c e or

r d ing th t mp r t r f th i b tw n th tw t g
e uc e e e a u e O e a r e ee e o s a es

i p ro i d d
s v e .

A longi t di n l nd tr n v u a a ti on f th t nd rd low a s erse sec o e s a a s

s p d
ee ty p f in g le o y li n d r s n g i n m n
e c f t r d by t h e e e, a u ac u e e

N d l nd h F b i k f Am t rd m
e er a sc e a r e
g i v n iOn F ig s e a are e s .

27 d 28 r p ti v ly
an es Th g n r l rr ng m nt d o
ec e .
n t e e e a a a e e es o

di ff r i n ny m r k d d gr
e a fro m th d i g
a e lr dy d
e ee e es ns a ea e

sc ri b d x pt th t th i p mp f th inj ti on nd t rt
e e ce a e a r u or e ec a s a

i ng i i mo nt d n th
a r s u nd f th e ng i
o n xt i o
e e o e e ne o an e e ns n
o f th b d p l t e e d i dri v n by n ov rh
-
a e, an
g sr n k t h e a e un c a , e

c ompr or b ing f th tw t g typ wi th in t r ooling

e ss e o e o s a e e e c

b tw n th t g Th pi ton i f th t nk typ m d
e ee e s a es . e s s o e ru e, a e

O f hi gh gr d t iron i l o th ylind r li n r p i l
a e ca s , as s a s e c e e , a s ec a

mi xt r l b i ng mp loy d f
u e a s u s ua th
e ylind r h d i n
e e or e c e ea ,

vi w f th high pr
e O e to whi h i t i bj t d A m ll
e s s ure s c s su ec e . s a

l bri ti g p mp nd il r
u ca n u rvoir provid d in th m
a O es e are e e co

p r or
es s nd f t
eh g i n O n i F
e en
n i g 2 7 n d l o i n F i
e , s ee
g 2 9 . a a s .
,

w hi h i c p l n s af t h g i n
a n
o d ho w t h
e en
g n r l rr e, a
g s s e e e a a an e

m nt f th v lv i n th
e o e yli nd r h d d th m h ft
a es e c e ea ,
an e ca s a ,

ca m nd v lv
s a l v r a p r t i
e n g t
e h m T
e sh m O h f
e at i e . e ca s a s

dri v n in the l w y t h lf th
e u s ua p d f t h
a
gai by a e S ee O e en ne ,

m ea ns f p r g ri ng thro g h
o s u ea v rti l pindl i t lf u a e ca s e, se

dri v n ff the Or nk h ft by worm dri v F i g 30 how

e c a s a a e . . s s

th i i nl t v lv wi th i t
e a r e am e d v lv l v r d l o th
s ca an a e e e ,
an a s e

by p -
thro gh whi h th ooling w t r p
as s u c fro m th
e c a e a s s es e

c yli d r j k t to th ylind r h d F i g 3 1 i n xt rn l
n e ac e e c e ea . . s a e e a

vi w f th yli nd r howing th rr ng m t f th g v
e O e c e s e a a e en O e o

er n nd f
or a l p mp wh i h i ue ul o i ll tr t d i F i g 3 2 c s a s us a e n . .

Th p ri i p l
e f th
nc ti on f th f l p mp d th r g l
e o e ac o e ue u an e e u a

ti o f th
n O p d f
e s t h g i
ee n i t h
o m th
e en t g n r l ly e s e sa e as a e e a

a d opt d wi th D i
e l ngi — n m ly th
es e ontrol f th
e ne s a e , e c o e

p r
e i o d f p n
o i n g O f th e t i o n v lv o f t h f le s uc
p m p I f a e o e ue u .

owi g to in rn f p d t h g ov rnor b ll p r i g o t w d
c e a se o s ee e e a s s n u ar s,

th g ov r nor l v
e e t wh i h t h p i vot d r m
s ee e, o r yi g th c e e a s ca r n e

b lla tt h d i lo w r d rryi ng wi th i t th hori ont l

s are a ac e ,
s e e ,
ca e z a

l v
e er s e enin th ill tr t i o n e Thi l v r i
us tt h d t n
a s . s e e s a ac e a o e
 CONS TR UCTI ON OF THE DI E S E L E NGI NE 69

FI G . 29 .
—P l a n of 80 H P . . E ng i ne .

en d to a p i s t on m o
to pr v nt too r pid
vi ng in a da s h p o t e e a

m o t i on
nd t th oth r nd i
,
a aonn t d by hor t li k
e e e s c ec e a s n

to th r d o ntro lli g th o p ni ng f th
e o c ti o i nl t v l v
n e e o e su c n e a e

o f th f l p m p
e ue Th p l ng r f th p m p i d i v n by
u . e u e o e u s r e an

ntri
e c ce ff th v r ti l gov r or h ft
c O e d th i
e tri
ca e n s a , an s e cce n c

by m f li nk tt h d t th
ea ns o a ntri d l o gi v
a ac e o e e cce c ro , a s es
70 DI E S E L E NGINE S FOR LAND AND MAR INE WOR K

a r r o ill t i g moti o to th
e g ul a sc ti o
a v lv o p r ti g
n n e s uc n a e e a n

rod p r vi o ly m t i o d
e usd p n d en l o t h v l v ne an so O e ns a c s es e a e .

Wh th hori o t l l v r th go r or l v i d p r d
en e z n a e e on e ve n s ee e s e ess e

by th p ni ng t f th gov r or b ll d to th i n r d
e O e ou o e e n a s ue e c ea s e

eng in p d
e th sli nk o ee t i ng i
, t to t h
e t i o n l v c nn e c e suc va e

op r ting d b o m tr i ght d t d i t i mov d to

e a ro ec es s a e ne ou , an s e

th i ght
e r th t th p ri od f p ning f th
so a t i on v l v
e e O O e O e s uc a e

d i g th fo w d tro k
ur n ef th p l r
g r ari i r s d ; l e o e un e s nc ea s e e ss

FIG . 30 —A . rra n g e m en t A i r I n le t .

Oil o q ntly d li v r d thro gh th o tl t v lv f t h

is c nse ue e e e u e u e a e o e

p mu p to t h f l i n l t v
e lv f t
ue h g i e d t h p ad f e O e en ne , a n e s ee o

th m otor f ll
e til i t r h th orm l wh n th g ov rn r
a s un ea c es e n a ,
e e e o

r m it ordi ry r n i g p o iti o
es u es s na u n n s n .

I n th i g i n s en f ty v lv i fitt d
e a sa e i n t h y li d r h d a e s e e c n e ea

to pr v nt d g r ri i g t hro gh y x
e e an e a f pr
s n r i u an e ce s s O e s su e n

th e cyli d r nd thi v lv m y b op r t d by h nd b y
n e ,
a s a e a e e a e a ,

th l v r
e e e in F g 30 se en d in t h p l vi w F i g 29 A ll
i . an e an e . .

th v lv
e a p rov i d
e s ar e d wi th i r t d g f e i m ns e e ca es or e a s e n re ov

i g whi l th j k t h v l rg m d ho l
n , e e ac e s f p p r o a ef a e u es or u s es o

l i g wh i h i
c ea n n , f q t ly f gr t dv t g wh
c s re u en O ea a an a e e re
72 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
 O O
C NS TR UCTI N OF THE DI E S E L E NG I NE 73

F ro . 33 .
—M e th o d o f re m o v in g P is to n i n Ned erlan ds c he F a b ri e k E ng i n e .

p i s ton i low r s e e d a nd the p orti on a of the li ne r r m ov

e ed , it
c an orw r
b e s wung f m r ho wn F i g 3 4 how
a d in t he a nne s . . s s

t h l t t d i gn f thr
e a es ylind r t ti on ry gi dopt d
es o ee c-
e s a a en ne a e

by thi fi m in whi h o t ing d nd o h d

s r c a c nne c ro a cr ss ea are

e mp l y d tho m err g m t f r mov bl xt nd d

, e sa e a an e en o e a e e e e

li n b i ng d I n thi ngi th r i tw t g v r ti l
er e u se . s e ne e e s a o s a e e ca

c o mpr or mo nt d n th nd f th b d pl t i lin wi th
es s u e o e e O e e -
a e n e

th w or ki g yli nd r
e nd dr i v
n di r t ff th
c r nk h ft
e s, a en ec O e c a s a .
74 D I E S EL E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
 O
C NS TR UCTI N OF THE DI E S E L E NGINE O
H i gh S p ee d E n g i ne s .
—As ha s b een e xplai ned i n Cha pte r
II t ,
hr e e a re ce rt
tt hi ng to ngin f th
ai n a d v t a n a ge s a ac e es o e

high p d typ nd f p i l p rp o th y wi ll prob bly

s ee e, a or s ec a u s es e a

b wi d l y d o p t d i n th f t r
e e a Th h i gh p d m hi n
e e u u e . e s ee ac e

is, o f o r c mi n ntly d pt d f
u se , e di t dri vi g f dyn
e a a e or r ec n o a

m os , a nd tho g h i t i h rdl y p rob bl th t i t wi ll o m into

u s a a e a c e

g r
e ne a l f th i use
p p o i t m
or p l oy m n st f ur x i li ry se , s e e or a u a

p p ur o h i
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in t n
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s a a e l ngi n o ac ,
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di r t o p l d to d yn mo h v f
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i n t ll d n b tt l h i p
s a e o S om d t il a f th
es i s
p. o w r e e a s o e s ze, e

a nd p s d f h i gh p d
ee o gi n g i v n i n s C h eep t r I V en es a re e a e ,

b t i n m ny
u th p d a x d d nd gi
case s ese s f ee s are e c ee e ,
a en ne s o

3 0 0 H P r nni ng t 400 r vol ti on p

. . u m in t a o mm on e u s er u e ar e c ,

w h i l th typ
e on tr t d by M r Mi l Bi k rto
e e c s uc e es s s . r r ee s , c e n

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.
,
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en
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p d t t h d yn m o e r n t 4o0 0 r vo l et i o n p a u s a e u s er

m in t u e With high r p ow r th m p d f rot ti on i

. e e s e sa e s ee o a s

e m ploy d b i g bo t d o bl th t f th ordi n ry l nd typ

e , e n a u u e a O e a a e .

Th h i g h p d typ
e f ngi n b il t by th i fi m i m d i n
s ee e o e e u s r s a e

th e foll o wi g i ll t 400 r vol t i o

n s z es ,
p m a i t a e u ns er nu e

3 Cy li d r ngi n 45 B H P n e e e . . . .

3 90
4
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6
6

The c hi fea t
on t t i o n f t h h i g h p d
ef u re of t he c s ru c O e s ee

en g i li i
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es t i l lynll th m ov i e
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are tot lly lo d nd v y ffi i t pl h l bri ti on i

a e nc se , a er e c en s as u ca s

eff t d nd
ec e m ooth p r t i o
,
a f th m h i n ia s bt i d O e a n O e ac e s O a ne .

Th b d pl t i
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-
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e o o e c a ca s n c s a e nc se

an d p rovi d d wi th m y i p ti o e ov r h id as an ns ec n c e s o n ea c s e

as th r r nk All th o t r yli d r w ll
e e are c a bolt d s . e u e c n e a s are e
76 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K

on to th r t d f b ing t in n wi th th
e c a nk cas i ng i ns ea o e ca s o e e

fr m i g
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n as wi th l w p d
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3 60 H P m .f t r d by M
. a nu a c u er To i f L g o Th e ss s . s o e na n . e

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n ft d iov n e en ne o e e , r e

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O ne h yli d r th t th pply
or ea c c n e , b i nd p
so a e su ca n e e en

d tly r g l t d
en e Th u a e l r g l ti g
. rr ng m t i
e u sua e u a n a a e en s

a d op t d f eg ov n i ngor t h g i t
er h o p i g f e t i o
en ne , e en n O su c n

v lv f th f l p mp b i g o troll d by v r ti l d
a es O e ue u e n c n e a e ca ro

a tt h d t th g ov r nor l v by li nk
ac c o e e An ord in ry typs ee e a . a e

R e a vell q dr pl x o mp ua or i fitt d t th gin d i v n

u e c re ss s e o e en e, r e

O ff th d f th
e en k h ft f
o t h provi i o n f o m p r
e cra n s a , d or e s O c esse

i f
a r t r ti g d f l i j ti o
or s a n an ue n ec n .

A r th r di ff r t typ
a e f h i gh p d
e en g i n e
p i O ll y s ee en e s ec a

d pt d f dri vi g h i p dy m o nd i mi l r p rp o
’
a a e or n s s i na s a s a u s es s

c o tr t d by th A B D i l M t
ns uc e e f S to kholm . es e s
’
o orer o c .

O ne o f th m t f 200 B H P
ese e e rs o t 4 0 0 r vo l t i o p . . . a e u ns er

mi t i ill tr t d in F i g 3 6 fro m w hi h i t i
nu e s us a e n th t t h
.
, c s see a e

r k
c an n ts are lo d d for d l bri t i o n i n t d o p t d
o e nc se an ce u ca s o a e .

Th ylind r nd i p mp
e c e s a pp or t a rd by t ro
u
g p i ll r
a re s u e s n a s

i t d f by
ns e a fr mi ng
O i th
a a l g i n ndas t h n e u s ua en es , a e

cra nk d b ri g
s an i ly
ea i bl
n s are eas acces s e .

Th l g h igh p d typ
e ar e f g i s m n
ee f t d by t
e O h en ne a u a c ur e e

N d l d h F b i k
e er a n sc ff re m i mp or t t p oi nt
a r e , O e s f so e an s o

d i ff r e e nc e fro m th t f th l o n tr t i o
a o F ig 37 e u su a c s uc n . .

s how fro t ti o f 600 B H P gin b ilt by th i

s a n se c n O a . . . en e u s

fi m t
r ,
t 2 1 5 r vo l ti o
o r un a p m i t e I t i f
u t h ns er nu e . s o e

us ua l fo r tro k typ u -
w i t h fo r
s e ylin d r th tw inn r
e, u c e s, e o e

h vi g th r nk t t 1 80 with th o t r p i A
a n e c a s se a
°
e u e a r .

i gl
s n i p mp i
e a r m p loy d m o t d
u s e th d f th e un e on e en o e

b d pl t
e -
b i g f th v rti l tw t g typ
a e, e n O e d dri v n
e ca o s a e e , an e

di r t ec ff th r nk h ft A t k p i ton i n t d
O e c a s a . r un s s o u se ,

b t th r i
u ro h d d hor t o ti g d d
e e s a c ss ea an a s c nnec n ro , an

tho gh th l gth f th p i ton i di mi ni h d i i t n

u e en O e s s s e s n ce o

lo gn er h t b f thas o l b e i g O rf e th usua
g i e ar n su a ce , e en ne
 78 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
is ne ce s sa ri ly o m wh t high r th n th ordin ry tr nk pi t
s e a e a e a u s on

typ Th ro h d h tw b ring r f
e . e c ss ea as nd t h o ea su a ce s , a e

g u i d e s arebo l t d n t t h en g i no f r m oi n g n d e ef or k d e a ,
a a e co n

ne c ti g n d d i ro mp loy d
en s e how i n th ill tr ti o e , as s n e us a n .

Al l t h m in b ri g
e a w t r ool d
ea n s a re i l o th p i to
a e -
c e , as s a s e s n,

whi h i c n s an u lf t i n fo r y l
us u a e a ur e g i n oo li n ag w i th u -
c c e en e, c

th i typ f gin
s e O ll y b i g d opt d f
en e u sua ylind r f e n a e or c e s O

m r o e th n 1 00 H P Th r ng m nt f th pi to
a . . e a ra e e or e s n

c o o li g i l rly i di t d i F i g 3 7 Th pi to
n s c ea n ca e n d . . e s n ro

i t lf i ho ll o w
se s d i d t t h p i to
an s s e c ur ewh i h i l o o e s n, c s a s

holl ow th o gh fl g w o ght n th pi to d fixi g

, r u a an e r u o e s n ro ,
n

s u t d b ing r ng d in th pi ton body Tw m ll pi p

s e ar a e e s . o s a es

a re c onn t d to th w t r pec e i n th p i ton

e a e nd th
s a ces e s ,
a es e

s li d e up d d o w
an n w i th i n t w l o n g t b w h i h oo t d u es c a re c nn e c e

wi th th pp ly
e su d d li v ry i
an
p p f t h e oo lie g w t r es or e c n a e .

Both th t b es e f o
u es are O
p rov i d d w i thc t ffi
ur se n g box e s u es ,

an d lt ho gh th w t r i
a u nd r e li ght pr
a e s u n l k e s es sur e o ea

a ge t k p
a l es T h w
a ce t r . o t l t f t
e h oo
a el i g w t ru e or e c n a e

f or th r nk h ft b ri ng d li v r into
e c a s a ea p i n f ro
s t e e s a ca n

O f th i
e en
g t th bot
ne a t o m d e th r i p , tan p as e e s a se ara e cu

f or h b ri g th r i
eac ea n o i o f tro bl wi th
e e s no cca s n or u e

an y f t h
o b i n ge in e ar th t m p
s, s r t ce n b r ed i l y e e a ure ca e ea

a s ce rt in d d v ri d r q i r d F or d l bri ti on i
a e an a e as e u e . ce u ca s

a do p t d f e ll th m i or a h ft b ring e a n w ll s fa th ea s , as e as or e

c o ting d b ri g d th l t t r v ry
n ne c ro ea n s , an i bl
es e a e a re e a c ce s s e
—mor f o
e so , O th n i c u r se , g i i n w ah i h nt r n ken nes c a u

p is to i n m p l oys e d e .

Th n gi n i
e e o tr t d with box fr m th ylind r
e s c ns uc e a a e, e c e s

wh i h c t tog th r b i g ppor t d dir tly n th f m

a re ca s e e e n su e ec o e ra e,

wh i l f rth r tr gth i gi v
e u e s en by m n f lo g v rti l s en ea s O n e ca

bolt whi h tt h th yli d r rigi dly to th b d p l t

s c a ac e c n e s e e -
a e .

With fo r yli d r gin th r

a u -
c n e t n
en f th e bolt e e are e o ese s
—fiv t th
e afro t d fi v
e t th
n b k Th r nk
an e a e ac . e c a

c h m b r i ti r ly lo d hi ng d door b i g provid d
a e s en e e nc se ,
a e e n e

i n front f h o ti g d d th pi ton rod p

o ea c c nnec n ro ,
an e s s as s

t hro g h th u t ffi g box i th box fr m

e s u n es th t th n e a e , so a e

o ti g d m ll d b i g i i n
c nne c n ro s a en l t m o ph r
ea r n s a cO O a s e e

a w y fro m t h h t f t h
a e
y l i
ea d o e c n e r,
 80 DIE S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND M AR I NE WO R K
Ho r i z o n tal E ngi ne .
—At
o tr ti n f p r e sen t th e c ns uc o O

th hori ont l Di
e z l g ian h e se n en t k p eto as onl y b ee a en u a

c omp r ti v ly m ll xt t nd
a a e s a e i o m thi n g f
en a thi typ s e s s e O

a n i nnov t i o n in a m h , th D i as l m otor h
uc asfr m i t e ese as o s

ea rli t d v lop m nt b n on i d r d
es e e e nt i lly
ee v ti l
c s e e e s se a a er ca

en g in Teh r
. i t hi to b
e e i d i
s n f vo r
s f t h hoe sai t l a u O e r zon a

typ th t i n th p t t y r
e, a e h wi d xp ri n h
as en ea s s uc a e e e e ce as

b n bt i n d wi th l rg hori ont l g
ee O a e a g i n e n d h z a a s en es , a e n ce

a d v nt g a n b a t k f th knowl dg g in d wi th t h
e ca e a en o e e e a e e se

m hi n
ac nd es , ah kn owl dg n b w ll tili d i n t h
s uc e e ca e e u ze e

d i gn nd o n tr ti o n f Di
es a c s l ucg i n f t h O m t yp ese en es O e sa e e,

s in ce both typ ll d i nt r l o mb ti o
e s are s e ca -
ng i n
e e na c us n e es

an d p t m ny i mi l ri ti
re se n a Tho gh n t s ll y m r
a es u a ur a o e

floor p s i r q i d f
a ce s hori o t l ngin m h l
e u re or a z n a e e, uc e ss

h ight i n d d f th i t ll t i on nd di m tli ng d
e s ee e or e ns a a a s an , an

it h to b r m mb r d th t th p i to n Di l ng i n
as e e e e e a e s ns o es e e es

o f th ordi n ry typ h v to b dr wn
e a e t fro m th t p
a e nd
e a ou e o , a

t hi p oint m t n t b lo t ight f in ti m ti g th n
s us o e s s o es a n e e ce s

sa ry h ight f th gi n room Am o g th dv nt g
e o e en e . n e a a a es

O ff r d by th hori o t l
e e e g i zr d n a t i o n f
en t h p r ne a re a e uc O e es

s ur e n thO fo nd ti o e d to th gr t r rf
u a ns ue d e ea e su a ce , an

p r ac t i ll yca o m p l t a cb f vi br t i
e e a o n tho h
s e nce o
g i t m t a ,
u us

b e sai d th t t h vi br t i o n wi th v rt i l
a e a g i n i y e ca en es s v er

s m ll a Wi th hori o t l gin th p i ton

. a z n a b moen e e s ca n e re

r di ly r mov d th i th v rti l typ i in i g l

ea e e an n e e ca e , s n ce a s n e

ac ting gin by di o ti ng th onn ti g d th

en e s c n ne c e c ec n re , e

p i sto n b d
canr w n t e f t h y li
a n d r f ro
oum t h O r n k d
e c e e c a en ,

l vi ng ll th v lv g r nto h d
ea a e a Th
e ea o n ting d u uc e . e c n ec ro

i m d
s a f gr t r l ng th r l t i v to th
e O ea e e r k th n i n e a e e c an a ver

ti l ngin ( i x ti m i n t d f fi ) i n ord r to r d
ca e es s es s ea O ve e e u ce

th p r
e r n th bottom f th ylind r d to th bli
e s su e o e o e c e ue e o

q ui ty f t hO o n n t i ne c
g d n d ec f o r i
ro t h ,
a i n as O c u se s e ca se

a ll hori o t l ngi n z n a th pr e r n th t p i d f th
es , e essu e o e o s e O e

c ylind r i p r ti lly o t r t d b y th w i ght f t h

e s a a c un e a c e e e O e

r nk nd o ting d whi h i t th
c a a c nne c ro i n v rt i l
,
c s no e cas e e ca

m e te rs .

The iz n hor o t Di e sel e ngi ne i s m a d e as a f u

al t wo o r or
c cle ma chi n e ,
y a nd fo r l a r e s i z e s the d u le a c ti n
g gp in c i ple o b r.
 O
C NS TR UCT I N OF THE DI E S E L E NGIN E O 81

is e oy d F ngin und r 20 0 B H P i gl ylind r

mp l e . or e es e . . . a s n e c e

i s ll y m p loy d
u s ua e nd f l rg r i e , tw a yli d r or a e s z es , o c n e s are

fi x d i d by i d wi th th flyw h l t n
e s e s e, nd f th e r nk ee a o e e O e c a

s h ft a F . till gr t r p ow r tw t f tw yli nd r
or s ea e e s o se s o o c e

e n gi n e s are e mp loy d wi th t h flywh l b t w n w hi l f e e ee e ee , e or

t h l rg t m
e a es hin nd wi th d o bl ti ng ngin twin
ac es , a u e ac e es a

t nd m
a e rr ng m nt i dopt d nd f dyn m o dri ving
a a e e s a e , a or a

th e g n r tor
e e ai b t w n t hs t w p i
e r f n
ee g in T he o a s o e es . e

f o ur c y l typ m y b o tr t d in n tw or fo r
-
c e e a e c ns uc e o e, o, u

c y l i n d r be s, t t h t w u y l m h
ei n i o n l y
o c -
b i l t i n
c e t w ac e s u o

or f o ur ylind r c e s .

Th b d p l t f th hori o t l ngin i f t h box p tt r

e e -
a eO e z n a e e sO e a e n,

th eo t r ylin d r ov r b ing t in
u e c e c wi th i t tho g h
e s e ca s o ne u

g n
e r ll
e ay bo l t d n i n t h
e o f tw y l g i n e ca se o T h o c
-
c e en es . e

c
y li n d r lin e r r m ov
e s are b l d e o n tr t d a f l o
e, an a re c s uc e o c se

g ra i n d e t i ro n
ca s A w i th v rt i. l g i n s t h y l in d r e ca en es , e c e

h ea d whi h o t i n c om f th v lv i bolt d n to th
c n a s s e O e a es s e o e

m i n yli nd r
a c ti ng b t th rr g m nt f v lv di ff r
e ca s , u e a an e e O a es e s

co n i d r bly fro m th t
s e a d op t d wi th th v r ti l t yp
a a e In e e ca e .

t h fo e y l typ th f l i l t v lv i hori ont l nd in

ur c -
c e e e ue n e a e s z a a

th e ce ntr f th e O ylind r h d whi l th t rting v lv f

e c e ea ,
e e s a a e or

a d m i tti ng o mp r c d i i rr g d lo to th f l v lv
esse a r s a an e c se e ue a e .

Th e xh t v lv i t th bottom f th yli nd r h d
e aus a e s a e o e c e ea ,

W h il t h e i ti o inl t v lv i t th t p both f th
e a r s uc n e a e s a e o ,
O e se

v lv b i g f o r v rti l I th tw y l gi n
a es e n , O c u se , e ca . n e o c -
c e en e

p ort s are a d o p t d n ov r ed by t
,
h m u ov cm n t f t h
e e p i to n e e e O e s ,

an d both th xh t d i dmi i o v lv f th fo r
e e a us an a r a ss n a es O e u

c y l c e m h i n ac t ili d
e a re u v g v lv thro
ze g h w
a s s ca h i h en e a es , u c

th i fro m th
e a r v ng p mp nt r th ylind r Th
e s ca e e u e e s e c e . e

ca m h ft f s a op r ting th v lv i hori ont l dri v n ff

or e a e a es s z a , e O

th e r nk h ft by worm g ri g
c a s a i n th t bli h d ea n , as e es a s e

p rac t i f ce g or g i as T h en xh t n
nes d i . d m i i o e e aus a a r a ss n

v lv (or th
a es v g v lv i n tw y l gi )
e s ca en e a es a o c -
c e en ne are

t d by i gl
t
a c ua e a s n tri th m h ft th i b i g
e eccen c on e ca s a , s e n

p o i b
ss l i n e s th y ce y m m e tr i ll y p l
are d n
s d i n t w e ca a ce ,
a o

cyli nd r ngi b t e e ne s m h ft u d o n e cantri lly

s a an e cce c a re u s u a

e mp l oy d th v lv e , e f th a ond yli d r r mot fro m

es O e sec c n e e e

th e ca m h ft b i g p r t d by
s a e n onn t ing l v r b tw en
O e a e a c ec e e e e

G
 82 D I E S E L E NGINE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
the tw o v lv F a th w orki ng f t h f l inl t v lv
es . or e o e ue e a es 3

s m ll a b i di ry h ft i d i v n ff th m h ft thro gh
su s a s a s r e O e ca s a u

g ea ri n g t r i g
, hta n gl to i t n d a n tr i es th i m ll ,
a a n e cce c on s s a

s h ft t t th i l t v lv di r t I n th d o bl ting
a a c ua es e n e a e ec . e u e ac

m hin i n ord r th t th p i to
ac es e d m y a t b bj t d
e s n ro a no e su ec e

to th high t t mp r t th f l i inj t d n h id
e es e e a ur e , e ue s ec e o eac s e

O f th p i to e i p os k t w
n h i h n f or m cd b e st w th c are e e een e

c ylind r ov r th v lv d th pi to Thi m thod i

e c e , e a e an e s n . s e s

e x dingly h lpf l in voi di ng tro bl wi th th t ffing

cee e u a u e e s u

box es .

Th g ov r or i m o
e e n t d n v rti l gov rnor h ft
s un e o a e ca e s a

dri v ff t h
en O r nk h ft d it t i on i th m th t
e c a s a ,
an s ac s e sa e as a

a lr dy d
ea ri b d f v rti l ngi in whi h r g l tio
es c e or e ca e nes c e u a n

i s O bt i d by v ri ti on f th q ntity f il dmi tt d to
a ne a a o e ua o O a e

th f l i nl t v lv
e ue Th
e a tri p r ting th pl g r f
e . e e cce n c O e a e un e O

th f e l p m p i fix d n t h
ue u s m h ft nd th e o il h m b e ca s a , a e O c a er

i p rovi d d wi th
s e flo t Th i o mp r or f t h p a a . e a r c e ss or e ro

vi i on f t rt i g d inj ti o i i f th hori ont l tw

s o s a n an ec n a r s O e z a o

s at g typ nd i dri v dir t ff

e e, a s xt i on f th r k
en ec O an e e ns O e c an

s h ft n th m i d f th gi
a o e sa e s th m h ft
e O I e en ne as e ca s a . n

v ry l rg fo r y l gi th o mp r or i l i d
e a e u -
c c e en ne s e c es s s a on a

s m ll fo d t i o
a un p r t
a f ro m t h
n se m i b d
a a e p l t d t h e a n e -
a e , an e

c yli d r n e s rr g d th t th
are a an t i lightly b lo w
e so a e ce n re s s e

th e ce n tr f th e O nk h f t I tw
e cra y l gi s a . n o c -
c e en ne s a s e a

v g p mp i r q ir d d diff r t r ng m t i
en e u s e u e ,
an a e en a ra e en s

a d o p t d t h p mp
e , nd e o mpr or b i g bolt d to t h
u a c ess e n e e

en g i b
ne d p l et d -
r g
a e d i t an d m A i
a ra n o m m o e n an e . s s c n

i
n a ll D i l g i
es e t h eni i t h o m
ne s , p r or ie oo la r d n e c ess s c e

a ft r b i g o mp r
e e n d i n th l w p r
c es s e ylind r b f e o es s ure c e e o re

e nt ri ng th h i g h p r
e e r d i l o fr d fro m w t r
essu e , a n d s a s ee a e an

O il in p a r tor
se T h a a pp l y f i. i o tro ell d bsu
y O a r s c n e a

throttl d blow ff v lv i n th o din ry w y

e an -
O a e e r a a .

Th e xh t v lv
e a us ttd a th botto m i d
es , as s a e , a re on e s es

O f th yli d r d h
e c n e th xh t pip to th il n r
an e nce e e a us es e s e ce

ca n b k pt
e ti ly b lo w gro nd l v l
e en re nd d e t u e e ,
a o no ,
as a

r l r q ir w t j k ti g to p r v t r di ti o tho g h
u e, e u e a er ac e n e en a a n, u

i n t h tw e y l o c g
-
i w t r
c e en i o m t i m nep r y d i nto
a e t h s s e es s a e e

p i p e i t lf se I t h .f o r y l
n g i o e ly t h u n g
-
i c y l ic e en ne n e e ne c n
 C O NS TR UCTI ON OF THE DI E S EL E NGINE

omp r or ylind r nd i nt rm di t r i v
a nd t he c ess c e s a e e a e ece er

are j k t d th ooling w t r p ing fir t t hro gh th

ac e e , e c a e a ss s u e

l tt r b t in th t w
a e , u y l m hi n th p i ton e o c -
l o c e ac e e s s are a s

w t a er c ool d Al l th p rt whi h e . ool d h v p r t e a s c are c e a e se a a e

b n h nd o k
ra c es a th t th t mp r t m y b v ri d
c c s , so a e e e a ure a e a e

e x t ly d i r d A th i i dr wn into th yli nd r
ac as es e . s e a r s a e c e s

f th
or t i on trok from p i p i i d th b d pl t nd
e suc s e a e ns e e e -
a e, a

th e exh t nd ll oth r pip a us a b low th floor l v l

a e es a re e e e e ,

th e a
pp r n f t h ea a g i i ce o t di fi g r d i n ne en
y w y ne s no s u e a a .

A i d r bl
co n s m b r f ngi n
e a f th i typ h v
e nu w e O e es O s e a e no

b een c o tr t d d i n p r ti on th l rg t p to th
ns uc e an a re O e a , e a es u e

p n
res et b i g f e n to H
on e P — f o o r ylin d r . . a u -
c e

twi t d m fo r y l do bl
n an e ti g m hi r ntly
u -
c— c e u e
‘

ac n ac ne e ce

i n t ll d i th S tadi h
s a e n E l kt i i tat w k H ll
e S l
c es e r z s er ,
a e a . aa e ,

O f whi h p hoto ci g i v a i n F i g 3 8 T h y li d
s r di m ten r . . e c n e a e e

o f th g i ei 6 5 0
en m illi m
ne tr d st h tro k 9 0 0 w h i l e es a n e s e , e

th e s
p d t t h n
ee or m l o a t p t f e H P i 1 5 0 a l u u O . . s re vo u

tio ns m i n t erF rth r i u e f t hi ty b

u i en ne s O s a re e n
p g .
p g e e

cons tr t d m o t w orki ng n t il wi th p r ffin

uc e , s Z ii o ar O a a as n
”
dOl
—
.

Tw o C -
y cl e E n g i ne r . E xclu si ve ofti o e x cep na l ci cu m
t n
s a it m y b t k
ce s th t f a 60 0 or 7 00
e a en a or p o w r p to e s u

B H P t h fo r y l
. . . i ngl e ti g gi wi ll b mploy d
u -
c c e s e ac n en ne e e e
for l d w orkan d bov th t p o w r th tw , an y l gi a e a e e o c -
c e en ne
will b fr q tly
e d o pt d or i n
e ue n rt i th d o b l a e , ce a n ca ses e u e

ac ting t w or fo y l typ I n fo y l gin f

o ur c c e e . ur c -
c e en es O

l g p ow r
ar e th g i n f me s b d p l t n de fl yw h enl e ra e, e -
a e, a ee

b omec h vy to r d th m wi ldy d th m in
e so ea as en er e un e an e a
—
,

di dv t g
sa f th tw
an a y l motor m ly th
e O e i ty o c -
c e na e e ne ce s s
o f a sca —
v ng p mp b o m f l e e l ti v i mp ort n
u ec es O ess re a e a ce

th th
an 1 s wi th m ll r e ca se
g i w h n t h li g ht xtr s a e en ne s , e e s e a
co mpli t i on f th tw ca y l gi i d ir bl Th
O e o c -
c e en ne s un es a e . e

di ff r n e ei o tr ti o d xt l pp r
ce n c ns b tw uc n an e e rn a a e a a nce e ee n
th tw e nd fo y l gi i m ll d h i fly m rk d
o a ur c c e en ne s s s a ,
an 1s c e a e

by th ddi ti o f th
e a i v gi g p mp or p mp m
n o e a r s ca en n u u s co

m uly m o t d
o th d f th b d p l t tho gh n o m
un e on e en o e e -
a e, u 1 s e

i yp f ngi i t i rr g d d rgro d b n th th b d
t es o e ne s a an e un e un e ea e e
l
p t a e Th p
. d f t w yel g is w h i
ee h ld
O o m o c
-
c e en nes , c a re se
 84 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WORK
mad e i n s i z e s th 5 00 H P nd of le s s an lly 7 00 HP . . a are u s ua . .

an d p w r
u d i f roam bo t
s, 1 8 0s to 1 5 0 r voa l t i o u p e u ns er

mi t or r th r l
nu e Th a xh t v lv f th fo r y l
e es s . e e a us a es o e u -
c ce

en g i n e are r p l d by p o t
e t t h
a ce botto m f t h y
r s a li d e O e c n ers,
un c ov r d by th pi to
e e i t m ov e o t w rd
s n as d thi i es u a s, an s s

i n i t lf se i mp li fi t i o n f th
a s o tr ti on In pr t
ca O e c ns uc . esen

d i gn
es f th i typs o f m otor th s v ngi g i i d mitt d
e O , e sca e n a r s a e

thro gh v lv in th yli d r ov r p r t d from th

u a es e c n e c e ,
O e a e e

ho i o t l m h ft in th
r z n a ca l w y b t
s a i th e usu a a , u as s e case

wi th m ri gai i t
ne i p roben b l th
ne s , t n rr s n g m t a e a a a a e en

i n w hi h p or t c mp loy d wi ll b g s are e r lly d opt d i e e e ne a a e n

th f t e u ure S h m thod i . l uc dy b i g
a e d by M s a r ea e n use essrs .

S l r
u ze d th, xh t p ort
an e e rr g d na us id f s a re a an e o o ne s e o

th e yli d r whi l th
c n e v g p ort
, e e th
sca oth en e s a re on e er

s id e I l g
. i
n ar e en
g d p rt i l r l y w i th
ne s , a n m r i n g i
a cu a a e en nes,

no t o nly i th d mi i o s f f l o t oll d f
e a ss v ryi g th
n O ue c n r e or a n e

p o w r e f t h o
gi b t t h
e en d m i i o
ne , f u v n g i
e a t ss n O s ca e e a r o

th w orki g yli d r i
e n tom ti lly limi t d wi th d r
c n e s s au a ca e e c ees

i g lo d
n a if thi w r,
as t do th wo ld b
s e e no ne , ere u e a con

s id bl
e ra x f i
e e d on q
ces s O tly i n ffi i nt p r ti
a r an c se u en e c e O e a on .

F i g 3 9 ho w . tw s y l i gl s a t i g fo r yli d
o c -
c e s n e ac n u -
c n er

Di l m otor f M S l o tr ti o t hi b i ng th ’
ese O es srs . u z er s c n s uc n, s e e

l rg t
a es g i b i
en lt by th i
ne fi m u p to th i d t s I t i r f ,
u s a e . s o

B HP d i
. mp loy d f
. . an d y m o d ri i ng i n
s e e or na v a cen

tr l l t i t ti o in F r n
a e ec r c s a Th r n tw a v g yli
ce . e e a re o s ca en e c n

d r e s on th d f th b d pl t d i v
e en O di r t ff th
e e -
a e k r en ec O e cra n

s h ft whil th th t g i ompr o f w hi h th
a , e e ree s a e a r c e ss rs , O c ere

a re l o tw
a s rr g d th l w pr r t g b low
o , a re a an e ,
e o essu e s a es e ,

th e m i ddl d hi gh p e an r t g b hind th res s u e v g s a es e e s ca en e

p um p T h
s l. tt t g e d rai v n by
er s a m f
e s are ro k i n g e ea n s O c

l v
e ers Th o di
. y p typ A f m i dopt d nd
e r na r O en e ra e s a e a

th e yli d r b dy d th fr m
c n e o an t in n p i in e a e are ca s o e e ce

ea c h yli d r d provi d d with li

c n e an w i th fo r y l
e a n er a s u -
c c e

e ngi ne , wh i l th l tr e k p i to e i
us ua d op t d un E h s n s a e . ac

c ylind r i provi d d wi th t rti g l v r nd v lv

e s e a s a th t n e e a a e so a

th e en g i m y b ne n p i na l m o t e ru yp o iut i o n th i b a i n g s an s , s e

a n e ce s s i ty i n i w f th i f th m otor
v e O Th hori o t l
e s ze o e . e z n a

ca m h ft i tot lly
s a lo d
s d ll th
a e nc m se n i ,
il
an a e ca s ru n O
 O
C NS TR UCTI ON OF THE DI E S E L E GI NE r
'

85

the Ope r ti o
a n Of the e ngi ne b e i ng t h or
e re f e p r ti
a cula rly
t
silen . The c ooli ng wa tro
e ut le t i
p p e s a re cle a r ly s e en in
86 D I E S E L E NG I NE S F O R LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K

fro t n Of the en
g i ne , th r b
e e e i ng h yli d
one for ea c c n er , de
li v ri
e ng to op
in an enf l
u nne th t th fl w i vi i bl
so a e o s s e , a nd

t he t e m p e rt a u re ca n b r di ly m
e ea d Th p i to
ea s ure . e s n s a re

als o wa t e r ool d
c e . d th o tl t w t
an e u flo w i to th
e a er s n e sa me
88 DI E S EL E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE W OR K

s r t r thro h
mall p a s sa ges b
e i ng e u ne d
, ort t rug t he sa me p s af e

o r o v r to r v r th o h o t
c mp e ssi n a nd de li e e d the e cei e r u
g u l et

v v h
al e s w hi c r y r
O p e n i n wa ds r v
The c li nd e s a nd ecei e r.

tr j t
a re well wa e t rt r
a cke e d a s the e m p e a u e O f t he a i r

t r yr
na u a l l o r by o r o
i ses c ns i de a l duri ng c mp e ss i n .

o Q r x or
The well kn wn -
ua d up le f m Of s i ngle s ta ge R ea
v ell o r or b
c m p e ss t by o v ry
ha s een s ui a l m d i fie d a nd u s ed e
r y by
la gel r r
ma ke s Of D i e sel e ngi ne s I ts ge ne a l .

F ro . 42.
—R e a v e ll Q ua d r up le x Co m p res s o r .

ap
p e r
a a n ce for D ie s e l e ngi ne s O f the la nd typ e is s hown by
the i llus tr ti o
a n F ig . 42 a nd the t wo sec ti on s in F i g 4 3 . .

In th m hi th ompr i g f th i
es e ac nes rr e c e ss n o e a r i s ca i ed o u t
i thr
n ee t g whi h i fo nd t gi v b tt r r lt th n
s a es , c s u o e e e es u s a

w i th th t we t g ompr or d i rli r Di l ngi n

o s a e c ess s u se n ea e ese e es .

Th tw hori o t l yli d r
e o z i n t h i ll tr t i on
n a c n e s seen e us a s ar e

b oth l w p
o r yli d
re ss u eth t t h trok f th
c n e rs , s o a a ea c s e O e
 O O
C NS TR UCTI N OF THE D I E S E L E NGI NE

e ngi ne r r ov r o
lo w p e s s u e a i r i s p a s s e d e r t
i nt t he inte me di a e
y
c li nde r tt o r h br
The a i r i s a d m i e d i nt the c a nk c a m e O f
.

o
t he c m p e s s r or h hro h or
w e nce i t p a s se s t ug p t s i n t he g ud
 90 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WO R K
g e o n t o tro
d uri ng the s uc i n s
a nd p i ke so
s ton
th t a t he ,

c yli r
nde s are filled wi th t o h r r r th
a ir a t a m s p e i c p e ss u e wi o ut ,

tt t o
the a enua i n d ue to to v v
the u se o f suc i n a l e s .

v r tro
On the deli e y s ke th e p ort r rr to
s efe ed o
a re cl s ed b y

th wi ng f th
e s onn ti ng d whi h mov th p ort i n
o e c ec ro , c es e s

th g dg o n w y fro m th p or t i n th pi to
e u e d th
a ath e s e s n, an us e

i i
a r o mpr d nd d li v r d thro gh th d li v y v lv
s c esse a e e e u e e er a e

an d oo l d by m c f th oil n in F i g 4 3 d th n
e ea ns O e c see . an e

d li v r d into
e e e o d h mb r or p rg p t fro m w hi ha se c n c a e u e e , c

ag i n a y m oi t r w h
an i h i p r t d t n b b l o
s u e wn c s se a a e ou ca e

O ff .

The th n p a ir thro gh noth r pip to th hi gh

e a ss es u a e e e

p r e s s ure c y li n d r p l d t t h e t p f t h a ce m h i n a w h i h e o o e ac e, c

c ont in a ti on nd d li v y v lv i nt r h g bl wi th
s s uc a e er a es e c a n ea e

tho n th i nt rm di t yli nd r Aft r th fin l t g f

se o e e e a e c e . e e a s a e O

c o mpr i on i n thi ylind r th i i p d thro gh th

e ss s c e , e a r s a sse u e

co eil d pi p hown to th d li v ry bonn t wh

e s , e it p e e e , e nce as se s

to th i tor g bottl whi h pply th Di l gi n

e a r s a e es , c su e e se en e .

M hi n ac f t hi t yp es o m d i n t nd rd i
s e a re f Di l
a e s a a s z es or ese

en g i f
ne sro m bo t 1 00 H P a t m u d i m p d p to . t h . a e u s ee u e

l rg
a ie s z es .

Th whol e f th o mpr i g ylind r b i g rr g d

e o e c es s n c e s e n a an e

in aymm tri l form f i g i t i p o i bl to bolt thi

s e ca o ea s n , s ss e s

ca s i ng di r tly to th ec nd f th b d p l t e f th D i
e O l e e -
a e O e es e

en g i n e, th t nso xtr b a r i g i r
o e q i r d f a t h ea m n s e u e or e co

p r es sor T h .r nk p i n f d
e c ar i i g th o nn ti n g ro
or d n d v n e c ec s a

p i to
s i ns i m p l y tts s h d d i t toa th d
ac f t h e t d r
r ecd e en O e s an a

r nk h f t f th Di l gi by m n f t d or ny
c a s a O e ese en ne ea s O s u s, a

oth r i mpl m nn r th r nk di f o r b i g r
e s e a e , e c a sc O c u se e n ca e

f lly p i g t d to r
u s o e i n th h ft a to form r gi t r
e ce s s e s a , so as a e s e

an d in r orr t li g m nt
su e c ec a n e .

F i g 44 ho w . typ f v rti l thr t g o mpr or

s s a e o e ca ee s a e c e ss

m d a by M r R ll C f hig h p d Di l
e e ss s . e a ve o . or s ee ese

en g i ne s I t m .bo d i ov e l f t r i n esi t ao tr
n t i o e ea u e s c ns uc n,
as th v lv e i n th i t rm di t
a es yli nd r both f
e n e eti o n a e c e , or s u c

a nd d li v ry e ltog th r o m i tt d
e , a re a e e e .

A will b s n by th i ll e see tr ti on ll f th yli d r e us a , a o e c n e s a re

p l a ce d v ti ll y t h
er l w p
ca r r , d h i he
g p or r y l i n d r
ess u e a n e ss u e c e s
 CONS TR UCTI N OF THE DI E S E L E NGI NE O 91

b e in g a bov e the r
c a n kp i n a nd i n ta nde m wi th ea c h o th r e ,

h
w i l e t he i n t rm di t yli d r i b low th nkpin Th
e e a e c n e s e e cra . e

sa m p rovi i o f
e s th n dm i i oor f i i th l w p r
e a ss n O r a r n e o e ssu e

c yli d r t h o gh th g dg o p ort lr dy d ri b d f th
n e r u e u e n s, a ea es c e or e

Q dr pl x ompr or i m d
ua u e c ess ff,
thi n w v rti l
s a e u se O or s e e ca

typ th omitti g th
e, us t i o v lv
n e D li v ry v lv
su c n a es . e e a es

a re p rov i d d et h l won p r er fro om w hi h i

e ss u e , t b l c a su a e

d i gn f pi p
es O o xi on l d th i to th bottom f th
e c nne s ea s e a r e O e

in t r m di t
e e yli nd r d onw rd from th i t rm di t
a e c e an a s e n e e a e

c yli d r p to th ti on v lv n th hig h pr r ylind r

n e u e su c a e o e es su e c e .

By i t b ly pr p ort i o ning th vo l m
su a e f th i
p p
e u es o ese es

an d t h vo l m e f t h i t r m di t
u e o e yli d r th i d ri g
n e e a e c n e , e a r u n

th e o d t g f o mpr i o i p h d b kw rd i nto
se c n s a e O c ess n s us e ac a s

th e p pi l e d i ng t
ea t h h i h
g p r
o r e y li n d r d oo l i n
e ss u e c g e ,
an c

t k pl d ri g th v ry t f o mpr i o whi h
a es a ce u n e e ac o c ess n, c

en h a n ces th ffi i n y e e c e c .

D ri g th
u n xt trok th pr
e ne s b hi d th i t r
e, e ess ur e e n e n e

m di t p i to f ll
e a e s th
n a i xp nd ntil th l w pr
s as e a r e a s, u e o e s s ur e

d li v ry v lv
e e op g i
a es d th
en a xt h g f i i
a n an e ne c ar e O a r s

p a s se d ov r f ro em t h l w p r r e Oo n t h d
e s su e i g m
. e s u cce e n co

p r i
e sso tro
n s k f t h i n
e o t r m d i t e y li n d re t h e i pa e c d e , e a r as se

ov r fro m th l w pr r yli d r tog th r wi th th i

e e o e ss u e c n e , e e e a r

w hi h r m i n i n th i t r ool r pi p
c e a s e o xi o i g i
n e c e e c n ne n, s a a n

co mpr d
ess e At t h . m ti m th hi gh p r e sa e r yli d r i
e e e ss u e c n e s

p er f or m i g i t
n t i o tro
s suc k t h
n s t th i n r e, i so
g i t r a e c eas n n e

m di t p r
e a e r r pi dl y r h
es su e a p o i n t w h ea c t h es a t i o en e suc n

va lv e n th
o hi gh p r e r op d om
e ssu e f th i t e ns an s e o e n er

m di t
e i i p
a e a r d ov r i nto th h i g h p r
s a ss e e r yli d r e es su e c n e .

Th i s,d i g th n xt trok
ur n e ie ompr d by th hi gh
s e, s c esse e

p r essu er p l g r un e
n d d li v r da d teh y l
e e i r p tan d e c c e s e ea e .

I n oth r r p t th e es ompr or i th m
ec s e c M r
es s s e sa e as ess s .

R e a ve ll Q dr pl x ompr or th t i to y i t h n
’
s ua u e c es s , a s sa ,
as o

b ri g d th r nkpin i tt h d t th d f th h ft
ea n s an e c a s a ac e o e en O e s a

i n j t th us m w y
e sa e a .

F or m ll
s a d v ry hi g h pr
an e r gin thi v rti l essu e en es s e ca

c o mpr or i tt h d dir t to th b r r whi h l o rry

es s s a ac e ec e ea e s c a s ca

th e en g i n br e,k t b iac
g t
e s t h e n i d f th
ca s o mon p r or e s es O e c e ss

for th i p rp o s u F l rg r
se .
g i or a g m e t l f
en i g i ne s a s e en a ac n s
92 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR INE W OR K

p rov i d d n t h b
e k f t ho o m p r or e i g ac tt h d O e c es s ca s n , a ac e

di r t ly t
ec i mi l r f i g n t h
o a ngi n
s b d a ac n o e e e e .

Th ad v nt g e f thi typ a f m h in i t h t ll v l
a e O s e o ac e s a a a ve s

b lo w th
e t li n f th o mpr or
e ce n re ti r ly d e o e c es s a re en e on e

a w y wi th nd th i n t o ly i mp li fi th m h i
a ,
a s d im o n s es e ac ne a n

p rov i t ffi
es i n y b t l
s e o m k c e
p r i o di lc ov rh,
li n ug a s a es e ca e au

q it n y m tt r I t wi ll b
u e a e as th t th onl y v l
a e . e see n a e a ves

r q i ing tt ti on r d r d
e u r a en i b l by lif t i g th t p
are en e e acce s s e n e o

w t r bo nn t whi h
a e ov r both l w p r
e , c d th un c e s o es s ur e an e

hi g h pr yli nd r d i ll th
e s s ur e c omp r or t h e s an n a e se c e ss s e

w hol f th v lv
e o nd p e o m p l ta l y r
es a o d d w i t h ca s are c e e su r un e

w t r whi h xp ri n
a e , h c hown will obvi t th tro b l
e e e ce as s a e e u e

ari i g fr m th g mmi g p f v lv d to th h ti ng f
s n o e u n u O a es ue e ea O

t he a ir .

F or ma i ne w r
ork om wh t i mi l r q dr pl x m a s e a s a ua u e co

p r or
e ss i m p l oy sd th
e b i g t w em o di, fi t i o n er ei n t h
e n o ca s e

o tr ti o A ti o f thi m rin typ i hown

c ns uc n . s ec n O s a e e s s on

F i g 45 . d i , omp i g thi wi th th ti o l ill tr ti

an n c ar n s e s ec na us a on

O f th l nd typ e a f o mp r or i t will b oti d th t th

e O c ess , e n ce a e

g ui d f t
e Oh i t r m d i t
e y li n d
n e r i r m ov e d n d
a e ct h v l v e s e e a e a es

a re p l d in
a ce p o k t n t h i d f ct h y li
e s o n d r i t de s f e O e c e n s ea o

a t th bott o m e Th o mi i on f th g i d i r nd
. e d p
ss o e u e s e ere os

s i bl o wing t th i r
e d di m o i on
e f th
nc e a se l rg m e ns s O ese a er c o

p r or
es s f m r
s i wor ork d t ha lt
ne r t i o n i n t h p oan i t i n e a e a e s o

o f th v l v e bl
a fl t botto m t b p rovi d d f
es ena es a a th o e e or e

c omp r or i g d m k i t y to pl th
ess ca s n an a ing
es ea s a ce e ca s

di r ectly n th t k top in th hip or th gin

o e an s ti ng e s e en e se a s

i n th m w y
e sa th b d f th Di
e a as l g i e i t lf
e O e e se en ne se .

A th s o mpr or m t b p bl f o mp r i g i t
e c e ss us e ca a e O c ess n s

i
a r ti f torily w h th r th gi i r ni g h d
sa s ac ,
e e e en ne s un n a ea or

as et rn th g dg on inl t f th fir t t g i whi h i
, e u e e or e s s a e a r, c s

a do p t d i n th l nd typ
e f ompr e a or lr dy d ri b d e O c ess a ea es c e ,

i h r r pl
s e e d by o di ry
e a ce ti on v lv w h i h obt i n
r na s uc a es , c a

th ir i from p ort l di ng into th r k h mb r

e a r a ea e c an c a e , as

s hown by th fig r e u e .
 CH AP TE R IV

I NS TAL L I N G A ND R UNN I N G DI E S E L E NG I NE S

G ENE RAL —
RE MARK S S PACE O CCUPI E D G RAL M
AN D E NE B I EN

S I ON S — S TARTI N G UP TH E EN G —M A AG M
I NE N E E NT OF

D IE S E L E N GI N E S —COS T OF OP RA O E D L TI N OF IES E

EN GN
I ES .

G en e r a l R e m a r k s The D i esel e ngi ne i s p e a p s the

. rh
ot
m s sci e nti fica ll de si gned m y otor
i n e i s e nce , a nd for x t
th t r o
a ea s n a ll i ts p a s a e rt h v to
b e c ns ucted w i go tr
e a th r t
x tt
e ac i u de F m ro th o t
i s p in O f vi e w i t m a y b e c ns i d e e d
. o r
t h
as a d e li ca e m a c i ne , a nd up t o t he t
i me w e n the engi ne h
t y
is a c u a ll p ut to or
w k no e m p asi s i s tOO s h ng a s tro to
the n ece ss i ty
of the u m s ca e t o t r to
b e ta k e n , ug afte tho h r
it i o s i
n ce p rn Ot i o i
e at b o m n m h i
ec f t hes a
g r t t
ac ne o e ea e s

re li b ili ty
a ,
di ng nee t h wh o l
, on l e r nd tt d e e, e s s ca e a a en a nc

th an a t m gi or g
s ea en ne g i n T has i nent ll t i
e o . f e s a a n O a

Di l
e se g i en th r f
ne or ho
e e l d b e s r i d u t w i th t h
e ca r e m ou e sa e

p r i
ec s i o n i t
as o tr
s t i o
c ns d n t b
uc n, o m
an p i d oby e a cc an e

th e r l m ni p l ti o wh i h i
ca e e ss a u a n tom y with t m
c s cu s ar s ea

p l n
a t s A. bov ll de t a f
, yus ort mo t b an
p rs v t d us e e en e

fro m a ccess to th nti l w orki g p rt

e e sse a f th n ngi a s o e e ne ,

p rt
a i l
cu ar l y t h f l ve lv ue w h i h ai v ry
e, i t i
c v to s ny e s en s e a

mi n t p rti l
u e a owi g to th r tri t d i l t p g
c es , n e es c e n e as s a es

for the a i r a nd f ue l .

o to r
The f u nda i ns e qui ed are ela i el ea ,
a r
s i s the r t v y h vy
ca s e wi th
a ll ev rt
i ca l e ngi nes b u t wi ng t o the e enness o , v
o b to
of c m u s i n a nd the a se nce O f s ck f m the e pl si nb ho ro x o o
x
of mi ed g ase s , th r
e e i s less i a i n a n wi v br t o th
a ga s e ngi ne th
of s i mi la r ty
p e T h e d ep w i
. c i t i s n e ces s a th to h h ry to
93
94 D I E S EL E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WO R K
ca rry o nd t i on d p nd f o r to om xt n t
the f u a s e e s O c u se s e e e

o n th n t r e f th
a u e O b oi l i t i e su t i l to r h fi m
s , as s esse n a eac a r

b i Hol
as s . l ft i n th e s are on r t whil th fo nd ti o
e e c c e e e e u a n

i b i ng b i lt p f
s e u t h fo nd t i on bo lt
u ,
or i th r by m n
e u a s, e e ea s

O f box or pip f mp l i whi h

es es O a wi th d r wn w h
e s ze , c a re a en

th fo e d t i on i
un ta Th bolt s se th p t i n wh th
. e s are us u en e

en gi n i b ei n g i
s n t ll d e n d i n t h s a l e rr n
,g am n t e u s ua a a e e an

r h d t nn l i l ft nd r th fo nd ti on th t m
a c e u e s e u e e u a so a a an

m y h v
a a fro m th flyw h l pi t f
e a cce s s tight ni g pe ee or e n u

a ll th bo lt wh n th b d p l t i fix d i i t
e s e e x t po i
e -
a e s e n s e ac s

ti on r d y f gro ti g p I t i d ir bl p rti l rly

ea or u n u . s es a e, a cu a

wh r e e g i n en i n t ll desi n x
arei t i n g b il
s a d i n g we h n t h e s u s e e

vi br ti on f th ngi n might p o i bly b tr mi tt d

a O e e e ss e a ns e

thro gh th w ll to k p th gi fo d ti on w ll l r
u e a s, ee e en ne un a s e c ea

O f th fo nd t i o ne u nd foot i g a f t h w ll
s a In n s O e a s . ca se s

wh r tw e e thr or fo r gin o, ee r t d i n o m wh t
u en es are e e c e a s e a

c o fin d p
n e wh i h fr q
s ace , tly h pp n i n i t ll t i on
c e uen a e s ns a a s

in t h b e m t a se f l rg b i ldi ng
en s O g oo da p l ei to mu k s, a an s a e

a th o gh fo d ti on p o whi h ll th g i
r u un a u n p l d c a e en ne s a re a ce ,

an d th i i m tho d th t h
s s a fr q
e t ly b a d op t d as e u en ee n a e .

Th thi rd o t r b ring i
e lw y
u e p r
ea t fro m t h b
s a d a s se a a e e e

p l t
a e , an d th i h to b r sf lly asli n d p w i th t h
e ca e u oth r e u e e

b ri g d th r k h ft i dropp d i n nd ll th b r
ea n s , an e c an s a s e a a e ea

i g
n s r p d till it i p rf tly tr thi b i g
sc a e s e ec ry ue , s e n n ec es sa

e v tho gh th gi h lr dy b r nn i g n th
en u e en ne as a ea een u n o e

t t b d
es e th r ,
as bo d to b v ri ti on wh n i t i
e e are un e a a s e s

t lly i t ll d Th r nk h ft i lif t d t nd
a c ua ns a e . e c a s a s e ou a re

p l a ced ft r t h a botto m
e h lf fe t h fl y w h l i l o w ar d i n O e ee s e e

th p i te nd th , ar ti o f th r t f th gin i tr ight
e e ec n O e es O e en e s a s a

for w r d m tt r p r ti l rly
a a e ,
i n th
a cu a f m lt i so , as e ca s e O u

c ylind r ngi n ll p rt f th di ff r nt yli d r b ing

e e es , a a s O e e e c n e s e

i nt r h g bl
e c an Th tw ea t rti g v l
e . e d th o i s a n ess e s , an e a r

i j t io
n ec v l b i g o mmo ly o m i x or v f t
n es s e ,
e n c n s e s se en ee

h i gh ,
ll y l t i nto t h floor thr
are us u a e or fo r f t th t e ee u ee so a

a ll th v lv e a t onv ni nt h ight f op r ti on by
e s a re a a c e e e or e a

th dri v r
e e
—
.

S p ace O c cu p i e d a nd G e ne r a l D i m e ns i o n s The .

s
pa ce r
re qu i e d for a D i e s e l e ngi ne i n s t a lla ti o n wi th a ll
98 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F O R LAND AND MA R I NE WO R K

fi
E e o
m n

s s n

= : = o
c s
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3 t
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a
s
0 8
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100 D IE S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR INE WOR K
wi th all in t
omb ti on ngin th w t
ernal c us pp l
e y i es e a er su s

o n e f th fi t on i d
o e ti on nd n d to b r ful ly
rs c s e ra s, a ee s e ca e

w t h d
a c Th m m t
e .
rer u o l ly p
e ers vi d d a e
g i v i n g t h s ua ro e e

t mp r t
e f th j k t w t
e a ures o in e h f th yli nd
ac e a er eac o e c ers ,

a nd th upplye f w t
s n b o p r t l y
a er r g ucal t d by e se a a e e a e

m n ea f
s ok fo h
c c yli nd r Th th rmom t r
s or eac c e . e e e e s

how v r e e mo nare ry wi th l d pip ir l ti o

re ecessa a c ose e c cu a n

th n wi th th ordi n y r ng m nt wh r th fl w f
a e ar ar a e e e e e o O

w t a er ca n b n nd thi l tt
e see m tho d i to b p f rr d
, a s a er e s e re e e

wh r e e i um t n c rc
p m i t
s a A t
ces h u pp l
ery f w . t i s e s o a er s

se p r t
a a ei n h y li n d r
eac j k t bc i n g r n e g d acby br e n h, e ar a e a c

pp i ff
es O t h m i n pp l
e y pp i a n d d suli v r i n g i n to e, a m e e a co

m n o t l t pi p f
o u e ll th eylin d r i t i q i t p o i bl
or a e c e s, s u e ss e

if th r b e e n b tr ti on i n n pip f th w t r to b
e a o s uc o e e or e a e e

e nti r ly e t ff n cu yli nd r wi thout i nt p ting th m in

o o e c e erru e a

fl w o Th only i ndi ti on in thi

. e v nt wi th th lo d
ca s e e e c se

c ir i t y t m i
cu s ri i n th t mp r t
s e s a se f th j k t e e e a ur e o e ac e

o f th yli nd r b tr t d b t wi th th p n fl w r ng
e c e so O s uc e , u e O e o ar a e

m nt th e t pp g i t on not d by th d i v r Th
e s e a e s a ce e e r e . e

t mp r tur f th ooli ng w t
e e a e o e c it l v th j k t i
a er as ea es e ac e s

b t k p t in th n ighbo rhood f 1 20 F hr i n t mp r t
es e e e u o
°
a . e e a e

c li m t a es ,tho gh i t i p rf tly f to ll ow i t to ri to
u s e ec sa e a se as

m h 1 80 F hr f ro o r o
°
uc as
p l a n g d .
p i ord I
a n D i l e e . e se

en gi n f t
es h or odi n ry d e i g n t h h at r i d
es w y by
, e ea c ar e a a

th j k t w t r i
e ac e lly b tw n 20 nd 25 p
a e s us u a e t ee a er ce n .

o f th lori fi v l
e ca f th f l c a ue O om 60 p nt f th e ue , or s e er ce . O e

h t t ll y onv rt d i nto
ea a c ua c f l work r kon d
e e use u ec e as

i ndi t d hor
ca e p o w r d v l
seo p d by t h
e n g i n e e O n eH P e e e . e . .

3 3 000 x 60
ho r u is e q ivu a len t to B Th Us . . .
p e r
778

ho r th t th h t b tr t d by th j k t w t m y
u ,
so a e ea a s ac e e ac e a er a

b t k n
e a x 6 or bo t
e asB Th U p ho r -
a u . . s . er u .

Allo wing t mp r t r ri in th w t r f 60 F th °
a e e a u e se e a e o . e

q ti ty r q ir d p ho p I H P d v lop d by th
ua n e u e er ur er . . . e e e e

eng i ho ld b bo t 25 lb or 25 g ll on p I H P ho r
ne s u e a u . a s er . . . u ,

nd th
a llo w n lly m d i 4 g llon p
e a B H Pa ce us u a a e s a s er . . .

ho r whi h fro m th
u , bov fig r i n mpl p ply nd
c e a e u es s a a e su a
 msmnmm mass i m m
f
AND R UNNING

is i ndeed ne vr x
e e cee d e d Gene a ll
. r y th q nti ty i e ua s co n

s i d e ra b l
y l es s a nd i s f e rq u en l unde ty r 3 g llon p B a s er . HP . .

o
h ur a t fu ll l a d o .

Owi ng the p e fec to r t ombu ti on f th f l il in th c s o e ue O e

y
c li nde ther v v
al e s d o n t b om v ry dir ty b t i f th o ec e e ,
u e

m hi n i
ac en f s ru on id r bl p ri od wi tho t l ni ng
or a c s e a e e u c ea

th omb ti on i n t good th xh t b om moky

e c us s o so ,
e e a us ec es s

a nd t h xh e t v lv g t fo l mor q i kly I n ny
e a us a e e s u e u c . a

c a se i t i pr f r b l to l n thi v lv r g l rly nd
s e e a e c ea s a e e u a a as

f r q nt ly
e ue p o i b
as l tho g h w
ss h r e, r f l tt n t i o n
u i e e ca e u a e s

p ai d to t h o p r t
e i o n f t h
e a n g i n n d n om o ki n g f t
e e h e a o s o e

e xh t llow d i t i q i t f i bl nd ti f tory to l n
au s a e ,
s u e e as e a sa s ac c ea

i t o nly tw or thr o ti m y r I n mo t
ee it i
es a nea . s ca ses s co

v en e i nt to t k t tha xh
e ou t v lv bo t on e e fort
a us a es a u ce a

ni g ht nd
,
a t h whol v lv
as e nd ting m y b q i kly
e a e a s ea a e u c

re m ov d nd e a q i kly r pl d by p r v lv nd t
as u c e ace a S a e a e a sea

i ng th ti m l o t d ri ng th
e e s r tui o n i v y m ll T
e Oh e a s er s a e
“

p .

va lv e n th n b
ca l n d t l i r
e e c ea nd p t b e k wh n a e su e a u ac e

th p
e s r n
a e o i t k ne ts t t h a n d e f t h n
ou xt f or t n
a i g ht e e o e e .

S uc h fr q nt l ni ng i by n m n b ol t ly nti l
e ue c ea s o ea s a s u e ess e a

f or th ti f tory op r ti on f th gi b t in m o t
e sa s ac e a O e en ne , u as s

i n t ll t i on i t d o
s a a s n t th l es t in onv i
o ca use it e eas c en e nce ,

i to b r o mm nd d
s e ec I t i ho w v r f m or i mp ort
e e . s, e e ,
O e ance

t h t th f l v lv
a e ue ho l d b l n d r g l rly d
a e s u e c ea e e u a ,
an cer

t i nl y o n
a v ry fortni ght if p o i bl whil th l
ce e e ss e, e e va v r s

o f t h f l p mp
e ue ho ld l o b ov rh l d t th m
u s s u a s e e au e a e sa e

ti m nd l n d wi th il nd if n
e a c ea e ry gro nd n th ir
o a , e ces sa ,
u o e

s ea s t S h tt nti on whi h t k v ry li ttl ti m m t ri

. uc a e ,
c a es e e e, a e

a ll y r d e t h r nni ng
u ce s o t nd fr q ntly mi i mi
e u c s s, a e ue n zes

th e o t f r p ir
c s or e a s .

Owi g to th hi gh p r
n e r f o m p r i on i t i es s u e O nti l c ess s esse a

th t ll v lv nd joint bj t d to th pr
a a a es a s su ho ld ec e e es s ure s u

b e p rfe t ly t
ec i g ht n d fr fro m l a k g L k g ee m y ea a e . ea a e a

o ccur th o gh ny f th v lv thro gh th joint b tw n

r u a o e a es , u e e ee

th yli nd r h d nd ylind r or p t th pi to nd f
e c e ea a c e ,
as e s n, a o

c o r wo ld l o b pp r nt i n th v nt f
u se u a s e a a ek d v l e e e o a cra c e e

opi ng in th yli nd r Th ff t f h l k g whi h

e c e . e e ec o suc ea a e, c

i
s a s l o tro b l wi th m o t oth r i nt n l o m b ti on
a u e s g i e er a c us en nes ,
 ’ ’

Ri s ss i; E NGINE S MAR I NE WOR K

'
‘

ros F OR LAND AND

rv t
is t o p e en the necessa ig ry h h t mp r t r orr p ondin g e e a u e c es

o r o r r b ing r h d nd h
to t he t op c mp essi n p ess u e e ea c e , a en ce

o b to
c m u s i n O f t he fuel i s i n s u c h i n o mp l t cas e s c e e .

I t i vid nt th t thi t t
s e e f ff i r will r nd r i t diffi lt
a s s a e o a a s e e cu

for th ngi n e e to m int in i t f ll p ow r in l k g i

e a a s u e ,
s ce ea a e s

a p urel o f p o wss r b o t w i th l i b r ll
e y d ,
i g nu d m a e a es e co

p r or
es s i t i l w y p o s i b la to ov a r o m
s t h di
ss fi l t y e e c e e cu

by i ing th pr r f th i
ra s e d to i nj t th f l
es s u e o e a r u se ec e ue

i nto th yli nd r tho gh thi n

e c e ,
i l y l o w r th
u ffi s eces s ar e s e e

c ei n y f th c o ngi n nd m
e e t only b look d po e, a us e e u n as a

t mp or ry m r Th xh t v lv i g n r lly th
e a ea s u e . e e a us a e s e e a e

mo t li b l to l k
s a e it i bj t d to th v r t n
ea as s su ec e e se e es co

di ti n o b t wi t h fr q
s, u t l ni ng n t m h tro bl i e u en c ea o uc u e s

li k ly to b e xp ri n d I n y e e e e v ry ho t ti m
ce . an cas e a e s r e

s p n et i n g r i n di n g t h v l v p o n i t t w
e i ll oo an r n d
e u r s s ea s e e

i t t i g ht L k g p t th f l i nl t v lv o
. ea a e as i on lly e ue e a e cca s a

t k pl
a es r lti ng i n too rly igni ti o wi th
a ce , es u orr ea n, a c e

s p n ed i n g d ro p f fi i n y mo y b e r dil y
c e n c n , as a e ea s ee o an

i ndi tor di gr m b i d
ca a a i g kn o k n th
, es ngi n
e s ca u s n a c o e e e

a nd i t i g oo d
s a p l n i n or d r to vo i
a d th i , to t t t h v el v a s, es e a e

a t th m ti m
e sa it i e l d th t i
e as bo t on s c e a ne fort , a s a u ce a

ni g ht I n th
. v nt f l k g th v lv ho ld b gro nd
e e e O ea a e e a e s u e u

in b t o , u i o n lly i t i
cca s r lt f loo v lv pindl
a s a esu o a se a e s e,

as v ry li ttl pl y i llow bl
e e a s a a e .

Gr t ear ho ld b t k n t ll ti m wh n h ndling
ca e s u e a e a a es e a

t h f l v lv
e ue nya g l
e, t f
as th i v
a l v m y ne t i n
ec o s a e a res u
l

c on i d r bl di min ti on f th ffi i n y f th motor
s e a e u o e e c e c O e ,

e v n tho gh it do n t h v m or ri o ff t Th
e u es o a e a e se us e ec . e

ne e dl (E F i g 1 7 ) ho ld w ork
e , . ily i n th gl nd
s u d ea s e a s an

a s l o in i t g id bov th l v r wh r i t nt r i nto th
s u e a e e e e e e e e s e

s p r i n g i n g ca sn d i t ho ld
, b
a g t l y h dl d
s w hu n t k e en an e e a en

ou t if b nt i n
, as li ght d gr
e i t i li b l to work b dly
a s e ee s a e a .

Th dj t m nt
e a f t h n dl i
us e lly
O r ng d by e ee e s u sua ar a e

m n ea f s lo k n t t th t p wh r i t
o a c u r w into or i
a e o e e sc e s s

oth rwi e onn t d to th pri g pindl bov Th

se c ec e e s n s e a e . e

l o k n t ho ld b m rk d
c u s u th t it i lw y t b k t
e a e so a s a a s se ac a

th e sa m p o i t i on e p r v i
s o ly w h n ast h n d l e i t k n
us , e e ee e s a e

a p rt a d w , h an n r q i r d t h e l g th f
e t h u d l e n i ley en o e ne e e ca eas
104 .
DI E S E L E NGINE S FOR LAND AND MAR I NE W OR K

It is no t O f e n t
th t ny tro bl o r wi th l k g p t a a u e ccu s ea a e as

th p i ton
e s
p t i l r, as i t k n
ar i n t h
cu a o tr t i
care o n s a e e c ns uc

O f t h ri ng b t i t m y h p p
e s, th t n or m or f th m
u a a en a o e e o e

b om r k d brok wh n f o r r pl m nt
ec es c ac e or en , e , O c u se , e ac e e

i n
s ry thi b ing th mo t tro bl om r p i r th t
eces sa , s e e s u es e e a a

i li k ly to h v to b m d
s e na Di
e l g ien i n t h
a o d i n
e o a ese en e e r

ar y o r f
c u se n n i n g T ho t w ru t p r in g . bj t d e o o s a re su ec e

to th gr t t h t nd e ea e s th m o t li bl to ti k
ea a are nd e s a e s c , a

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e ce ea ca e s a e n e . e e c ea

a n i
ce llo w d b t w n th pi ton nd yli nd r ov r
s a e e ee e s a c e c e

O nl y bo t n thi rd f th t
a u o e lly p r mi tt d wi th m o t
-
O a us ua e e s

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e e a c us e es o a cc un O e

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an s u s e n s e o

a n pp ra i b l xt ec at by w r
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l ngth
e d b y th in rt i o
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n ess on th t p i d f th
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of i mp rf t om b ti o e ec nd c kn o k n t h us n, g i n i a a c o e en e s

m or li k ly to ri fro m wrong tt ing f t h

e e a se m p r t a se O e ca O e a

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e a e an rly ca us O e ea ,

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e an e ss s en a e o

en d onn t i ng c d b ri ng
ec Th l tt r d f t i g n r ll y
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d ueto th b ring b ing wrongly fitt d in th fi t i t n

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ac A m tt r f f t
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a e O ac , a en s se

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e u e ea a e e ce , an a ca s e

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s c are a a s e e

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to h v li ttl t nd n y to w r th yli d r li n ov l to
a e e e e c ea e c n e er a

any xt nt e nd e 80 H P , a ngi n wh i h t h an thor g g d

. . e e c e au au e

aft r r nni ng o m
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 INS TALL ING AND R UNNING DIE S E L E NGINE S 105

e xc e llence of the de s i g n a nd ma nufa c t r u e Of the a ir co m

p r e s s or mploy d f D i l ngin in pi t f th h vy
s e e or es e e es , s e o e ea

d ty th y
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a re ca e p u i l p t i o n e ,
o s ec a re ca u s

n ee d b t k n i n th ir op r ti on Th p o i bl tro bl
e a e e e a . e ss e u es

a re th om mon to ll m hi n ry f t hi l n m ly
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b re a ki ng f p i ton ri ng o nd th
s p r i n g b t s, h o a r e s s, u su c ccu

rne e es rr a re a e .

Th l bri t i on f th p rt
e u ca f Di o l ngin n d n e a s O a es e e e ee s o

m ore th n ordin y tt nti on b t th q ti ty f f l

a ar a e , u as e uan O ue

O il d i
u se m ll th s so s mo nt f l bri t i ng i l mp loy d
a , e a u o u ca O e e

a pp r to
ea s b r l t i v ly le rg n
e ad i t i i n d e d n i t m
a i n e, a s ee a e

th e o t f r nni g q it omp r bl wi th th f l o t
c s o u n u e c a a e e ue c s ,

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ce pp ly ho
e su ld b w ll g l
s t d uT h m ll fe l e re u a e . e s a ue

p um p w hi hs p rov icd d are rr g d th t t h e q are a an e so a e ua n

t i ty d li v r d from th il r rvoir m y b v ri d wi thin

e e e e O ese a e a e

a w id r ng e n d th
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c a re uf l tt nti on i w ll w orth o i d r t i on
a e s e With l rg c ns e a . a e

e ngi n th i l w hi h oll t i n th
es e o nk h m b r i g n r
c c ec s e cra c a e s e e

a ll y f d f o m w t r by b i ng p
ree r d thro g h
a e fil t r nd e a s se u a e a

use d ov g i n erA a n o a t id .fi g r i t sm y ab t k n
u s e u e a e a e

t h t th on mpt i o f good l bri ti ng i l with 25 0

a e c su n O u ca O a

B HP . . ngi n . i e bo t 1 g llon f fo r ho
e s a u r nni ng ; a or u ur s
’
u

b i ng low r f low p d th n high p d ngin b t f

e e or s s ee a s ee e es , u O

c o r if th i l i fil t r d th tot l o t ho ld t b
u se e O s e e e a c s s u no e

d bi t d g i n t t h
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i n th f m l ti yli d r ngi n
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-
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a t n t too wi d ly p
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ac e e a s a s ce a a eac

c yli nd r i doing i t prop r mo nt f w ork in i t i q i t

e s s e a u O ,
s ce s u e

p o i b
ss l to th e o w o i d r
r b l ov r lao d n
c n ns m or e a e e a o o e or e

o f th ylind r whi h o ld b void d i n f w mi n t

e c e s c c u e a e a e u es

w e re th f t kn o wn by e ac lt ri ng th t t o k , Mor a e e es c c s . e

o v r in i n t ll ti on in whi h th ngin i mploy d f

e ,
s a a s c e e e s e e or

a dri v wh r th p o w r i i nt rm i tt nt (
e e e e f in t n
e s e e as or s a ce a

mi ll or h ft ing f ny ort ) by th
, s a O ddi ti on f m h i n
a s ,
e a O ac es ,

th d i i ng ngin m y b o m ov rlo d d wi tho t t h

e r v e e a ec e e a e u e

f t b ing pp r nt
ac e ad tho gh a e Di l ngin will r d ily
, an u a ese e e ea

t k 1 0 or 1 5 p
a e a t ov rlo d f tw or th ho rer cen . e a or o r ee u s,

i t i i n d vi bl to
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106 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WOR K
p o i nt f r O eal e c n o o my i n suc h ca se s to p rov id e a dd i ti on al

p o w r e
—I t is
.

C os t of O p er a ti o n of D i e s el E ngi ne s .
,
o of c urs e ,

a lw a y di m lt nd o t
s cu a s me i mes mi sleadi ng to in tit t s u e

di r t ec o mp ri on b tw n di ff r nt typ
c a s s e ee f g i n e e es o en es

wi tho t u p rt i a l r k an o w l d
cu a
g f ll t h o n di tei o n p e o a e c s re

v ili ng b t i t i t th m ti m p o i bl to t k g n l
a ,
u s a e sa e e ss e a e a e era

vi w f th dv nt g to b d ri v d in rt in om m o
e o e a a a es e e e ce a c n

ca se s , m or p i ll y
e es th r
ec a i t t h p r
as n t t i m e e l s a
g e e se e a ar e

a m o n t f d t r l ting to
u o a a t l r lt w hi h
e a ot
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b r f t d
e e u e At . i hown l t r th r m y b m y
s ea , a s s s a e , e e a e an

r on f th mploym nt f D i l oth r il gi n
ea s s or e e e o ese or e O en es

a p rt
a fro m t h q t i o n ef o n o
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n t th
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Di l
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s d n t i r l y n t h
us e e e e o e

r d ti o in t t l r nni ng o t i t n how in omp ri o

e uc n o a u c s s ca s c a s n

wi th t m s ea d g ngin
an Th q as ti on i obvi o ly
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n t m r ly
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oth r on id r ti o whi h o m into pl y nd w i t

e c s e a ns c c e a ,
a ere

s ol ly m tt r f th o t f th il on m d in om p ri
e a a e o e c s O e O c su e ,
c a

so n wi th t h o t f th o l d wi th g nd t m ngin
e c s o e c a us e as a s ea e e

p l n t
a t h , d o p t i o
e an f t h D i l n g i nO w o l d e f n ese i t y e e u O e ce ss

b o m lm o t ni v r l C pi t l o t howev r m t
ec e a s u e sa . a a c s , e ,
us

a lw y b a s n i mp ort nt
e a on i d r ti on nd thi l o xa c s e a , a s a s e er

i
c s es on id r bl ff t p on th nn l r nni ng o t
a c s e a e e ec u e a ua u c s s

owing to th n ry llow
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for in t t nd d pr i ti on n th pl nt nd
eres a e ec a t tho e a , a as a e

p r n
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en gi w
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t hi p oi t p t th form r t
s n u s e rt i n di dv nt g tho g h
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th di ff r n
e i
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ce s re a ll n w i n t ll ti o
e s a . d na e s a a ns , a n

l o fr q nt ly i n ddi ti o
a s e ue to xi ti g o th q ti on f
a ns e s n ne s , e u es o

s p a ceo p i d by
ccu t h e p l n t b o m ef i m p or
a t n i n ec es o a ce as

m h uc i t bl b i ldi g h v to b
as su a e u o tr t d f th
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is ft en th
O th e xp n i volv d in q ir ing thi
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m tt r th D i
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 10 8 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WOR K
es ti m t Th mo nt to b pp or ti on d i n ny ti
a e . e a u e a e a es

m t f a e r w l nd r p ir i lw y di ffi lt t d t r
or e ne a s a e a s s a a s cu o e e

mi n th r
e , as h wi d v ri ti on b t th r
e e are s uc m ny e a a s, u e e a re a

t l in t
a c ua w h r thi
s a nces o t i b t f w p ound p
e e s c s s u a e s er

a nn m f u l rg D i or l ngi n
a e Th r ese rt in d ne es . e e a re ce a a va

t g whi h ho l d n t b lo t ight f i n ny omp ri on

a es c s u o e s s o a c a s

b t w n ngin typ b t whi h

e ee e e ot r dil y b xp r d
es , u c ca nn ea e e e ss e

i n mo y v l ne tho gh th i r i mp or t n i gr t Th r
a ue , u e a ce s ea . e e

i th q
s e ti on f t ndby lo whi h lw y nt r into
ue s o s a s se s c a a s e e s

c on id r ti on nd m y
s e a , a l rg ddi ti on to f l o t
a ca use a a e a ue c s s,

m or p rt i l rly i n th
e a cu a f t m ngi n n d to
e cas e o s ea e es , a a

l esser xt t wi th g ngin th t i to y lo
e en as e p es , a s sa , sse s ro

d d i n th g n r ti ng p orti on f th pl nt (th boi l r or

u ce e e e a o e a e e

g as p r d r
o ) w hu ce t h n gi n i t lf
en i n t r n n
e i n g e I n e se s o u .

a Di l ngin th
ese e f o e b o l t l y n x i t nt
es e a re , O c urs e , a s u e on e -
s e ,

in th m hi n m y b t rt d p t m o m nt n oti ’
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i mm di t ly i t i r q i r d
e a e Anoth r p oi t f i m p ort n
s e u e . e n o a ce

i t h f t th t i n th l rg m jori ty f in t ll t i on
s e ac a e a ge i n a O s a a s , en es ,

d ring th gr t r p or ti on f th i r p r t i o
u e ea e t Om e O e a n , ru n a a co

p arat i v ly l we l o d f o tor th t i ato y g ac r t p o

, w r a s sa ,
en e a e a e

m h b l ow th i r
uc e orm l ( d on q ntly m o t m
e n a an c se ue s e

c ei nt ) o t p t u In ut m gin th fi i n y f ll v ry
. a s ea en e e e c e c a s e

c on i d r bly wi th d r
s e a f th lo d nd i n g
a ec ea s e o g i n e a ,
a a as en e

th v ri ti o i v ry m rk d tho gh n t
e a a n s e ri o a I e u o so se us . n

a Di l
e se g i en n t h oth r h
ne , o d t h di ff re n p B H
e P an , e e e ce er . . .

ho r t f ll lo d nd t h lf or v q r t r i r l ti v ly
u a u a a a a e en ua e s e a e

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as fro m th
a e foll o wi ng fig r
se e n f e u es O

o mp ti on whi h m o t m n f t r r g r nt wi th
c ns u c s a u ac u e s ua a ee

c yli d r f 80 H P nd p w rd
n e s O . . a u a s .

4 4 lb p B H P ho r t f ll lo d
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46 -
thr q rt r lo d ee -
ua e s a .

5 ] h lf lo d a a .

72 ~
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e whi hn g i v u esr g r d i g t h cn are en e a n e ru

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s s o l g i m t ese t b ent k too d
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m y ba xp t d in ordin ry i t ll ti on Th i f th
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 I NS TAL L I NG AND R UNNI NG D I E S E L E NGI NE S 1 09

p l a nt n t r lly m k om on id r bl di ff r n tho gh
a u a a es s e c s e a e e e ce , u
n t o m h so wi th oth ruc gi n fas r o n gi v n e en es or ea s s e

a bov whil th n r r th nn l lo d f tor ppro h

e, e e ea e e a ua a ac a ac es

u n i ty th low r b om e th o t f nni ng p B H P
e ec es e c s o ru er . . .

ho ur .

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f tor thro g ho t f 60 p
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5 X
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rh
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 1 10 DI E S EL E NGI NE S F OR L AND AN D MAR I NE WOR K
E S TI M ATE or AN N UAL W
ORK I N G Co s rs '
or 200 B H P . . . D IE S EL

E N G I N E RUNN I N G H OURS

F uel O i l at 4 5 8 p er to n
.

W g e s fo r
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M a i n te na nce a n d re p a i rs

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1 12 D I ES E L E NGINE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WO R K
all y cheaper , a nd thu tho s ugh more oil may b e u sed the co s t
is ap p roxi m t ly a e ordin ril y ompl t t
the sa me . An a c e e es t
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ti ty f ooling w t r r qui d wi th d ir bl ri f t mp
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engi ne .

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1 14 D IE S E L E NGI NES F OR LAND AND M AR IN E WO R K
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s e e as a s e e .

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Di l
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1 16 D I ES EL E NGI NES F OR L AND AND MAR INE WOR K
or o
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 TE S TI NG DI E S E L E NGINE S 1 21

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C u rve sh o wi ng F ue l Co ns um p ti o n .

a mo t un Of Oil a s re q iru e d , a nd by thi s mea ns i n t rme ed i a e t

c h krec o b tkn
e a di ng s c u ld e a e .

Th ooli ng w t r w p d th o gh m ring t nk
e c a e as a sse r u ea su a s

an d i t q nt i ty d t rmi n d
s ua nd th t mp r t r t t he e e , a e e e a u es a e

i nl t nd o tl t
e a w ll th t f th xh t g
u e asw r e as a o e e au s a s es e e

r gi t d by m r ry th rmom t r I n F i g 4 8 th f l
e s ere e cu e e e s . . e ue

o mp t i o n
c ns u r pr t d gr phi lly d r ll th
s are e es e n e a ca un e a e con

di ti n f th t t
o s o d how r m rk bly on t nt r
e lt
es s , a n s e a a c s a e su s .

At bo t 25 0 r vol t i on p mi n t th on m p t i on w 1 89
a u e u s er u e e c su as
 122 DIE S E L E NGI NES F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K

g r ma ts300 , av o l t i o n p m i nre t 1 9 2 g ru m n d s t 4 0
er 0 u e a s , a a

r vol ti on p mi n t 1 9 6 5 gr m p B H P h r B
e u s er u e -
a s . er . . . ou . e

tw n th worki ng hmi t f whi h th ngin w d i g d

ee e s or c e e e as es ne ,

n m ly 25 0 to 40 0
a e vol t i n p min t wi th norm l f l re u o s er u e, a ue

a dm i i on th diff r n w
ss onl y 1 89 5 to 1 9 6 5
e e e ce bo t 4
as - -

, or a u

p er ce n t th i b. i,n g dil y s o n t e d f by reat h g r t r a cc u e or e ea e

p o w r ef t h o
or m p r or E e n f c p d p e sst 5 0 0. ve or s ee s u o

re vol ti on p min t th v ri ti on w l th n 7 p
u s er u e e a a as e ss a er

ce n t x l di ng th tri l t thi p d wi th p rt i l dmi i o

.
, e c u e a a s S ee a a a ss n .

I n t t N 6 wh r
es O . on mpt i on f 21 1 gr m p B H P
, e e a c su o a s . er . . .

ho ur i hown th r w n b tru ti on i n n f th f l
s s , e e as a O s c o e O e ue

p pi n
es , a d h n t h y lin d rei t f d
ce w or k de c n o o m i lley e e u ec n ca ,

a nd vi t i t d th r a e lt wh i h ho ld th r for b n gl t d
e es u c S u e e e e e ec e .

F o m th r
r lt i n T t N
e es u 1 to 5 wi th th
s ngi n
es s n itos .
, e e e o s

n orm l lo d i t i n th t th h t mploy d i n doi g f l

a a s s ee a e ea e e n use u
—
,

w ork v ri b t w n 3 1 to 33 p
a es e t th h t
ee i d er cen . e ea carr e

a w y by th
a ooli ng w t r i 33 to 34 p
e c nt a ew h il 23 s er ce .
, e

to 25 p t i r j t d i n th xh t g
er ce n . s e ec e Th l t e e a us a s es . e as

fig r u e i r th r l w whi l th t f
s a e tho ,
hng w t r i e a or e co o a e s

h i g h wh i h i
,
o nt d f by th f t th t
c s a cc u e l rg or e ac a a a e

a m o nt f w t r w
u O d v ryi g fro m 5 to ov r 6 g ll on
a e a s u se ,
a n e a s

p er B H P ho
. .w h r . t h q ur ,n t i ty ll y
e ea s ll o w d i e ua u s ua a e s

li tt l mor th
e 3 g ll on p
e B H P ho
an a; p rob b l
s y l o er . . . ur a a s

th xh t p ip w w t r ool d
e e au s e as a e c e .

H rr E b rl m k t h follo wi g o mm t n th t t
e e e a es e n c en s o e es s

()
l T h n g in ew or k e fro m 2 5 0 to e 5 00 r vo l t i
s o p e u ns er

m in t wi th v ryi ng d mi i o
u e, a nd d v l op fro m 1 0 0 to
a ss ns , a e e s

40 0 H P wi th p rf t o mb ti o
. . nd wi tho t
e ec c
y tro b l
us n, a u an u e

in o p r t i on
e a .

( )
2 T h h n g f
e cro m n p a d to e oth r i o i l y e sn d ee an e s ea s a

r pidly ff t d by th m ov m t f i gl l v r
a e ec e e e en O a s n e e e .

( )
3 T h v r g e f l oa me ap t i o n fe ll
ue p o w r n
c ns ud or a e s a

s p d
ee i sli tt l sif y d iff r n t efro m th t
an f lo w p d
e e a o s s ee

e ngi nes .

()
4 Th e m e c h a ni ca l e ffi ci enc yi q s e ua l to th t a Of s l ow s p e ed

e ngi nes .

(5 ) Th e lu i cabr t on i good
i s ,
a nd du i ng a wel e urs r t v ho ’

r un no h t
e a i ng w a s ob rv d i se e n a ny p a of t he ma chi ne rt .
 124 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
a nd trok 7 0 87 i (1 80
the s the p d w h n e m n . s ee , e co

p r i to
e ss n
g bo t 6 4 t m o p h r b ina
g bo t 1 6 0 uv l a s e es , e a u re o u

t i on p m in t
s er u e .

Th dyn m o w
e tw lv p ol onti n o
a r nt h n t as e e -
e, c u us cur e , s u
wo d by L hm y
un , 8 C r t d to gi v 45 0 kil ow tt t
a e er 5 o .
,
a e e a s a

5 5 0 vo lt wh r i g t 1 5 0 r vol ti o p min t Th
s en u nn n a e u ns er u e . e

e ffi i n i
c e
g i v by
c esth m k r en e a e s a re

At 1 1 2 k w 225 k w . . 3 3 7 kw . 4 5 0 kw . 5 62 kw .

E ffi ci e ncy ab o ut -
88 -
9 25 -
9 35 -
94 -
9 35

a nd th
r hv b es e d o p t d in figu l l t i ng t h
es a e e en a e ca cu a e

br k hor p ow r f th
a e g i n seorr p o di ng to t h e O e en e c es n e

m r d o t p t f t h dy m o
ea s u e u u O e na .

Th p ow r w e b orb d by iron wi r r i t
e oil
as a s e e e s s a nce c s,

and th l o d r g l t d by
e pp pro r i t
a wi t h e u a e a a e s c es .

Th m otor f ed ri i g t h i ompr or w i x p ol or v n e a r c e ss s as S -
e,

sh t wo d o ti o
un rr nt by th am m k r
un ,
c n nu u s cu e , e s e a e s,

r t d to gi 7 5 B H P t 630 r vol ti on p mi n t
a e ve . . . a e u s er u e .

Th l l t d ffi i i
e ca cu a e g i v n by t h m k r e c e nc es e e a e s are

F u ll l o a d . Th re e qu a rte r lo a d
-
. H alf lo a d -
.
Q ua r te r -
lo ad .

E ffi ci e n cy 90 5 -
89 86 765 m .

o r tri l w r m d th r lt f whi h
F u a s e ehown a e, e e su s O c a re s on

th e omp yi ng T bl
a cc an a es .

Th fir t ep r l i m i n ry tr
s i l i
,
t dad to b t f
e ll l d a a ,
n en e e a u oa

b t u t lly li ttl l w th o d t f ll lo d th thi rd t

ac ua a e o , e s ec n a u a , e a

h lf lo d d th fo th wi th n xt r l lo d th gi n
a a , an e ur o e e na a , e en e

dri vi g th n i ompr or onl y d f o r th dyn m o

e a r c ess s , an ,
o c u se , e a

and m otor wh i h tr mi tt d th p o w r to th m c a ns e e e e .

With r p t to th fig r in th T bl th foll o wi ng
es ec e u es e a e, e

expl ti on ho ld b r d
a na s s u e ea

Li n 4 — Th di m t r f th
e . yli d r f N 5 6 ng in
e a e e O e c n e o O . e e

w asg g d T hau d i m t r e f t h. oth r t w w r et k n a e e s O e e o e e a e

fro m th d w i g e ra n .

Lin 6 — Th r vol t i o
e .w r r ord d by e n ng i n
e u ns e e ec e a e e

co t r d th p d indi t d by t hom t r
un e an e s ee ca e a ac e e
—
.
,

Lin 7 Th w t r f
e . th j k t w ppeli d f ro m
a e t h or e ac e s as s u e e

tow m i nd m r d t h o gh w t r m t r w hi h w
’
n s a n, a eas u e r u a a e e e c as

said t h v b or tly li br t d
a e ee n e ce n ca a e .
 TE S TI NG DI E S E L E NGI NE S 1 25

L i ne 9 —
h rg p ip from th j k t w r n
Th
. e di s c a e es e ac e s e e co

d u t d to
c e ommon pip di h rging into dr i Th
a c e sc a a a n . e

sa m th rm o m t r w
e e d f m ring th t mp r t
e e a s us e or ea su e e e a ur e

o f i nl t nd di h rg
e a sc a e
—
.

Li n 1 l Th t mp r t
e . f th xh u t w m
e e d e a ure o e e a s as eas ure

cl o to th ngi n by m r ry th r m o m t r p
se ee e ing thro g h
a e cu e e e as s u

a g l n d i na t h xh t ppi wi th o m
e p r e d n i trogaus e, c es se en

a bov th m r y to pr v nt th l tt r boi li ng
e e e cur e e e a e .

All th b v ti on w r t k n t i nt rv l f t
ese O s er a s e e a e a e a s o en

min t u es
—
.

Li n l 2 Th g
e mp l . w r oll t d nd ly d
e as sa es e e c ec e a an a se

b y Prof or V n d V ld f Gh nt
ess a e e e, O e
—
.

L in 1 3 The il d w . fro m G li i Th r i
e O n
u se as a c a . e e s co

sid b l d o bt bo t th
e ra e l ori fi v l
u f th a il A mp l
u e ca c a ue O e O . sa e

t k n t th t i m
a e a f th tri l e d ly d by Prof
e o o e a ,
an a na se es s r

V an d V ld eg v e e, a e

Ca rb o n (
84 81 p er
-
ce n t .

H y dro gen 1 4 78
-

S ul p h ur 0 17-

9 9 76 p er
-
ce nt .

a nd th r fore e e ha d a cal ori fi v c a lue by ca lcul a ti o n of

-
84 81 x -
1 47 8 x -
00 1 7 x
BT U .

Prof or m d n lori m t r t t
As the es s mpl w a e o ca e e es , a sa e as

s en t ov r to E ngl d in M r h nd t t d by M C I
e an a c ,
a es e r . .

Wi l on wh g v th lori fi v l
s ,
o a lori
e or
e ca c a ue a s ca es ,

B TU Owi ng to th gr t di r p n y b t w
. e ea sc e a c e e en

t h tw r lt nd to t h i m prob b ly hi gh fii i f ‘
e o e su s, a y t h e a e c en c o e

en g i r l t
nei g fro m th d
e su p t i o n nf t h l tt r v l e a e o e a e a ue ,

a n oth r mp l w e nt to E gl
sa d i n M y nd
e ly d
as s e n an a a a na se

an d t t d by D Bov r to R d w oo d wh g v t h foll o w
es e r . e n e , o a e e

i ng fig ures
Ca rb o n 83 1 7 p er
-
cent .

H y dro g en 11 56-

S ul p h u r
O xy gen , ni tro en , etc b y d i ffe ren ce 4 91
g
-
.
,
126 D I E S E L E NGINE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K

a
o
; m ” c
l N u
S
.

H n n E b m m o c
o l E e m w w o
m
r
n .

v e m

m m m
w N c c a m
NS
a
n o a w o
a
s u
n
“. “sm n

w
o
I n n w m
N a o. v T w m « T m T T T
b fi é é m é m h o m m
r
A
u u c o c
I m v m e o m S a o w a a o
: :
a
; g fi m m m
.

n n n

2
.

a S
S
5
a E w a a a
3
a
2
a 2
fi a w w w m w m
8S
a
h
s
n S 2
.
s a e a e S 8 E 8 2 2 a
a a
s s a : m m . n

s
e
a
s

p
? S
o S e
x e
fi e
m
o x e m
0 3 s
m
e
s G
p
o
m
3 5 9 m a e
.

m
“
E
a o m n w
5
E
o o a
5 - a
fi o n
s
8
c
u o
c d o
h
e n
z 3 n
g
e u g e
m da e o x

n
h e o
e
o g
o
S
p o s
m m m o
o a
m a m
fi
s
c fi o
c $ o ?
m
e m
m
A
o
o fi o

o a o u m
-
m 3 e E op o m a
fl

a
d 8 x o
x
E
E
m b
a c w o E E e s

d
s u N
mfi b H EH H é
e o O
a a G
fi .

m m
2 : H :
1 28 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
vl
Calori fic a ue , ori or
ca l es whi c h is
s om wh t high r th
e a e an th t l l t
a ca cu a e d o
fr m the a n al yi
s s

-
83 1 7 x -
l l56 x -
00 3 6 x
1 8, l 4 4 B T U p er lb . . . .

Prof or V n d V ld n ly i w m d from
As ess a e o
’
e s a a s s as a e a

sa mpl t k n t th tri l nd i t i
e a onfirm d by D R d
e a e a ,
a s c e r . e

w ood t t i t h b n i n r t d i n th h t o nt Th
’
s es , as ee se e e ea a cc u . e

d op t i on f M Wi l o n v l f B T U wo l d m k
’
a o r . s s a ue o . u a e

th th m l fi i n y f th ngin bo t 5 0 p
e er a e nt c e c O e e e a u er ce .
,

wh i h i c m h bov th ffi i n y bt i n d wi th m ll
s so uc a e e e c e c O a e s a er

en g i n t h t
est h w i t r nn ot a p t i t wi tho t f t
eh r r e ca acce u ur e

c onfirm ti on (Th a thor m y h r r m rk th t i t i

. e au a e e e a a s

n v r
e eti f tory in ti m ting th ffi i n y f n gin
sa s ac es a e e c e c o a en e

t or ly p on th h ting v l f th il obt in d by
e u e ea a ue o e O as a e

ca lcula ti on )
—T
.

Li ne l4 h th il d m ll t nk fitt d wi th
. O weig e O us e , a s a a e

a c c o k n r th bottom w pl d n w ighi g m hi n
ea e as a ce o a e n ac e .

Th t nk w
e a fir t p t ly fill d wi th i l fro m
as s t p i n th
ar il e O a a e O

m i n bov i t
a a It w th e r t ly b l n d by w ig ht
. as e n a ccu a e a a ce e s

i n th l p n
e s ca e A i ngl w ight f 2 kilo wa . th n dd d s e e o s . as e a e

to th w ight i n th l p n nd i l n i to th t nk till
e e s e s ca e a a O ru n e a

th l v r f th m hi n flo t d
e e e o Th 2 kil o w i ght w th n
e ac e a e . e -
. e as e

t k n t f th l p n nd th k t th bottom op n d
a e ou o e s ca e a a e co o a e e e

to llow th il to n into
a e O ond t nk whi h f d th ru a s ec a c e e

en g i n n tei l t h lu v r g i n fl o t d T
e h f e i ne t h a a a e . e s ur ace e

f d t nk t th b gi nn i g f
ee a a h tri l we m rk d by i t
e n o ea c a as a e s

c ont t wi th h rp p oi t d g g nd w bro ght to th

ac a S a -
n e au e, a as u e

sa m l v l b for
e e e fr h pp l y ew un i n fro
e a m t h w i
es
g h su as r e e

i ng t nk a E x p t t th p r li mi n ry tri l n t h 1 3th
. ce a e e a a o e ,

w h n th r w
e om tro bl wi th n f th pip n
e e as s e u e o e o e e co

n xi n wh i h r q i r d th wri t r tt ti on th ti m wh n ’
e o s c e u e e e s a en , e es e

th e rf su f th il i n th m
a ce o ring t nk to h d th
e O e ea su a uc e e

p o i n t f t h og g w r er t l y t k
au en th t t h r t
e e a ccu a e a e SO a e a es

O f on mp ti on mi g ht b r ord d
c su e ec e .

Th l v r g e ef th m h i n (1 to 1 0 ) nd th 2 kil o w i ght
e a e O e ac e a e -
. e

u d f r w i gh ing 20 ki lo
se o e f il w t ted with n w a rate s. o O ere es e ccu
 TE S TI NG D I E S E L E NGI NES 129

weig ht r fo nd to b pr ti ll y orr t 2 ki lo in
s , a nd we e u e ac ca c ec , s .

th e l p n b l n i ng
s ca e a g r m m n
a a t h mc h i n a es o e ac e .

Th wr i t r h
e d e ri b d th m thod f w i ghi ng th il t
as es c e e e o e e O a

l ngth to r m ov
e y d oe bt bo t i t r
e an y w h i h m i g uht s a u s accu ac c

b r i d by th fig r
e a se i n th h t o nt f T i l I I I
e u es e ea acc u O r a 1

— —
.

Li n 17 1
es 9 Th m n ff ti v p r . w r e l l t d ea e ec e e ss ur es e e ca cu a e

f ro m i ndi tor di gr m t k n t i nt rv l
ca af 1 5 mi n t
a s a e a e a s o u es .

Th i ndi tor
e d w r
ca ylind r N 5 4 nd 5 5 tw
s u se e e on c e s os . a , o

Cro by d n ylind r N n E lli ott S i mp l x

’
s s , an 56 o c The O .
, a e . e

c ord onn ti g th indi tor to th m oti on w r only bo t

s c ec n e ca e e e a u

2 f t lo g
ee I t wi ll b
n n th t th m
. n pr r i n th
e se e a e ea e s su e s e

di ff r nt yli nd r di ff r d o n i d r bly
e e c e s e e c s e a .

Li n 21 e Th o tp t f th dy m o w
.
-
e m u r d by u O e na as e a su e an

a mm t r d volt m t r b lo gi g to M
e e an C r l w hi h
e e e n n es srs . a e s, c

h d b n
a li br t d b for th tri l
ee ca Th r di ng
a e f both
e e e a . e ea s O

i tr m t
ns u w r en s m or ov r h k d thro gho t by
e e, e e ,
c ec e u u a

W to es t i n th
n se i r i t w hi h w i t lf h k d t th
e c cu ,
c as se c ec e a e

M h t r T hni l S hool b for d ft r th tri l

a nc es e ec ca c e e an a e e a s .

T ffo d o m
O a h k p o th dy mo fi i n i gi v
r s e c ec u n e na e c e c es en

by th m k r th C R lo i n th rm t
e a e s, e nd m g n t
z
s s es e a a ur e a a e

c oil nd i n th hunt r g l tor w r m r d Wi th th

s a e s e u a e e eas u e . e

f ll l o d f 3 5 0 ki lo w tt th
u a o w r follo w a s es e e e as s

O R l o ss i n
z arm a tu re b rus h e s , e tc .

s h unt co il

S h un t re gu la t o r res i s t a n ce

1 4 4 kw
-
.

o o r to h h o
As s umi ng the i r n l sses a nd f i c i n (w i c c u ld not
to q
b e m e a s ured ) bov tot o
b e e ual tO the a o e , the al l s s e s w uld

am un o t to bo t a u y
28 8 kw gi ving a n e ffici enc o f 9 2 4, as -
.
,
-

a g a i nst by
9 3 5 cla i med r the m ake s
— br hor o r v
-
.

Lin e 22 The a ke . th
se p we g i e n i n i s li ne i s a t -

ea c h o r o t t y o hor o r
l a d the mea su ed u p u O f the d na m i n s e p we -

v
di i d ed by y v by r
the coefi ci ent of e ffici en c gi en the m a ke s
for th t o
a l ad r y x o r
As a l ea d e plai ned , i t includes the p w e
.

a s b orb by
ed otor
the m o r or th r or
a nd a i r c m p e s s a nd i s e ef e ,

hi g eh r th o hv b
an i t w uld a e o r or b
ee n ha d the ai r c m
p e s s ee n
1 The he a t a cco u n t h a s b ee n o m i t te d .
1 30 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
d ir v n by l v r nd link from n f th pi ton d ro
e e e s a s o e O e s -
ro c ss

h d or by n
ea s, ntri or r nk from th ngi n r nk
a e cce c c a e e e c a

s h ft
a d r ordi n y i r m t n
a s un e it wo l d b ar c cu s a ces u e
—
.
,

Li ne s22 nd 23 F o m th p r
a di g p r gr p h i t will
. r e ec e n a a a

b e un d r too d th t th hor
e s p o w r b orb
a d by t he n g i n se -
e a s e e e e

i t lf i l
se s nd th es sm h ni l fi i n y gr t r th n i f
a e ec a ca e c e c ea e a

th i
e a r c omp r or h d b n d i v n di tly by th gin
es s a ee r e re c e en e .

Lin 27 nd 28 gi v th kilo w tt
es a pp li d to t he m otor e a s su e e

whi h d ov th
c r i omp r or nd th hor p o w gi v
e e a r c es s s a e se -
er en

ou t by i t
—
.

Lin 29 e Th fig . 3 6 H P i n th e fi t ol mn w
ur e . . e rs c u as

arr i v d t by indi t ing t h

e a ylind r f n f th i m ca e c e s O o e O e a r co

p r es so r w h n s o m p r i n ge to cbo t 6 0 t m o p h
es s r n d a u a s e es a

as s u mi ng th t di gr m fro m th a yli nd r f th oth r

a a s e c e s O e e

c ompr or wo l d h v to b f th m r
es s u a Th di ff r
e e O e sa e a ea s . e e

e n ce O f 8 8 H P b tw n thi fig r
-
. . d th fig e ee 44 8 i n s u e an e ure -

th fi t ol mn
e rs f li n 25 r p r
c u nt th p o w r b orb d
O e e ese s e e a s e

by th dri ving b lt nd th m h ni m f th ompr or

e e a e ec a s O e c es s s .

Th fig r i n ol mn 2 3 nd 4 f fin 29
e u es c u p t sd o w n, , a o e a re u

o n th mp ti on th t th fr t i on l lo
e a s su f 88 HP w
a e ac a ss o -
. . as

c on t nt t ll lo d
s a a a a s
—
.

L in 3 1 e Ii th ompr or h d b n d i v n by th
. e c e ss s a ee r e e

en g i n t h
e, p o w r b orb
e d w o l d p rob
e b ly a h v s b n l e u a a e ee ess

th n indi t d by th fig r i n lin 28 nd mor th

a ca e e u es e a e an

s hown in li n 29 A mi g th t i t wo ld h v b n h lf w y
e . s su n a u a e ee a -
a

b t w n t h tw
e ee e o,

Li n 31 es nd 3 2 how pp roxi m t ly wh t th br k
a S a a e a e a e

hor e p o w r nd m hani l ffi i n i f th gin wo ld

s -
e a ec ca e c e c es O e en e u

h v b n h d th omp r or form d p rt f th ngin ; n d

a e ee a e c es s e a O e e e a

Lin 3 3 gi v e pp rox i m t l y t
esh p rob
a b l il n m p a e e a e O co su

ti on p br k hor p ow r ho r wi th thi r ng m n t
er a e se -
e -
u s a ra e e .

Th hi gh p r nt g f h t un
e e ce o nt d f n th a e O nd ea a cc u e or o e se co

tri l m y b d to i mp rf t omb t i on p i lly d i n g

a a e ue e ec c us , es ec a ur

th e ea rly p rt f th tri l wh n f a O hort ti m th r W

e a , e or a s e e e as a

li ttl m ok fro m N 5 6 ylind r

e s e nd t h x
O . f h t
c e , a e e c ess o ea

o t d f n th thi rd tri l i mo t li k ly d to o
a cc un e or o e a s s e ue ve r

es ti m ti on f th w ight f t h xh t g
a O e e Thi w i gh t O e e a us as e s . s e

v i i v r ly th p r t g f CO i n th g
ar e s n e se as e nd
e ce n a e o 2 e a ses , a
1 32 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
The las o dti l w t or, t t r t d till h lf n ho
no -
l a r a , a s no s a e a a ur

aft r the nd f th h lf lo d tri l

e e N g O ly i w
e a -
a a . O as a na s s as

t k d ing thi tri l

a en ur s a .

Th ngi nework d w ll d i g th tri l

e e x pt th t
e e ur n e a s, e ce a

th r w httl mok wi th th f l l lo d Th m ok m
e e as a e s e e u a . e s e ca e

fro m N 5 6 yli nd r whi h

O . m yb
c n fro m th li
e ,
17 c , as a e s ee e ne

Of th T b l we d o i ng m or th
a e, i t f ir h r
as f th work e an s a s a e o e .

Aft r th f l l lo d tri l n th 1 4th th w hol

e e u -
a f th l o d a o e , e e o e a

w as dd nly thro wn ff
su e Th p d i n r d f ro m 15 O3 . e s ee c e a se

r vol ti o p min t to 1 64 r vol ti on p min t nd

e u ns er u e e u s er u e, a

settl d to 1 5 7 r vol ti on p min t

e e u s er u e
—
.

T t n H g Sp
es s o i h d Di l
a E ng ni It i f i mp or ee es e e. s O

t n to d t rmi n th xt nt to whi h th pi ton p d or

a ce e e e e e e c e s s ee ,

w h t i th
a m thing th
s e sa
p d f r vo l
e t i o n f h i g h , e s ee O e u O a

sp d D i
ee l gi n b
e se i n r d
en to bt i n r
n e , ca
g t r p o w r e c e a se O a ea e e s

wi th th m di m t r f yli nd r
e sa e Th xp r i on f
a e e o c e . e e e ss or

th i ndie t d hor p o w r f fo r y l i gl ti ng ngin

ca e se -
e o a u -
c c e s n e ac e e

1s

I HP. . .
Q
3 3 000

w hr e e P A vrg e a e i ndi ca t ed p r es s u e r i n lb . p er s q . i nch .

L S trok
ton i n f t e of p i s ee .

A A f p i to n i n q i n hr ea O s s . c es 1 d 2
w hr
e e

d ylind r di m t r c e a e e .

N R vol ti o f gi n p mi ne u ns O en e er ut e .

Thi for m l m y b
s xpr d oth rwi
u a a e e es s e e se as

PA S
I HP. . .

220 0

w h r S pi ton p d i n f t p
e e o d s s ee ee er sec n .

F o m for m l (2) i t p p r th t wi th th
r u a m yli nd a ea s a e sa e c er

d i m t r th I H P m y b i n r
a e e d i th r by t h
e . mp l y
. . a e c ea s e e e e e o

m t f en hi gh r m pr r or by n in r
o a e f pi t ea n es s u e a c ea se O s on

sp d ee d D ,
S i
anli g m d i m p ort n
rt .r i f t et er a e an a se es o es s
1

to rt in th li mi t to w hi h th m
a s ce a o ld b r i d
e s c e se ea ns c u e ca r e .

Z ei ts chr i ft des Ver ei ns d ou ts cher I ng eni eure, 1 9 1 1 .

 TE S TI NG DI E S E L E NGI NE S 13 3

If Q Th or ti l q ti ty f i dr wn i n th ylind r
e e ca ua n O a r a e c e s

p ho u i
ern b ft r cu . .

K R ti o f a t l q nti ty f i to th or ti l
o ac ua ua o a r e e ca

q nti ty ua .

0 Con mp t i on f i l p
su I H P ho r i lb O o er . . . u n .

Q , Mi ni m m q nti ty f i
u q i d f th
ua m o a r re u re or e co

b us ti on of 1 lb . Of fuel i n
~
Of .

T h en K Q m us t no t b e le s s th an xI HP . . .

N 60
a nd x c ub . ft .

2 1 44

h ence K L A . . m us t n ot b e less th an Ql c X g

or P mu st n t b gr t th o e ea er an

F o m thi i t i
r n th t th m s n pr s s ee i d p d t a e ea e s s ure s e en en

o n th v l e K nd th f l on mp t i o p
a ue a I H P ho re ue c su n er . . . u .

I th t t w hi h w r
n e es s ri d t n high p d gi
c e e c ar e ou o a s ee en ne

O f 300 B H P orm l o tp t i t w fo d th t both th

. . . n a u u as un a ese

v l a ues w r i n t urn d p nd nt n t h pi to n p d
e e e d th t
e e o e s s ee ,
an a

th r for i n r d p ow r o ld t b bt i d i d finit ly
e e e c ea s e e c u no e O a ne n e e

in ayli d r f o t nt di m t r by di r t i r
c n e o c ns a f a e e ec n c ea se o

p i to
s n p d or Sm n p r ee r Th r lt ea f t h t t e ss u e . e es u s O e es s

m y b
a t t d follow
e s a e as s

1 Th f l o
. e m p t i on p ue I H P ho r d r
c nsu wi th er . . . u e c eas e s

th e p d
s f r
eevo l t i o w h O t h m e n p r u r r n,m i en e ea es s u e e a ns

co t t
n s an .

2 Th f l o
. e m p ti o p ue I H P ho r d r
c ns u wi th n er . . . u e c eas es

th e m n pr ea r w h th p d f r vol ti o r m i
es s u e en e s ee O e u n e a ns

co t t
ns an .

3 Th t mp r t
. e f th e xh t g e a ur e o d r wi th e e a us a s es ec ea se s

th e p d
s f r
ee vo l t i o w h n
o t h m e p r u r r nm i e e ea n es s u e e a ns

co t t
ns a n .

4 Th t mp r t r
. e f th e xh t g e a u e d r o w i th e e aus a ses e c ea s e s

th e m n pr ea r wh n th p d f r vol ti o r m i
es su e e e s ee O e u n e a ns

co t nt
ns a .

5 Th .
p o w r eb orb d by t h ei p a m p s i d i t
e ly e a r u s rec

ro
p p or ti o l to t h p d na f t h g i b t
e is d p ee d n t o e en ne u n e en e

O f th m n p r e r ea es s u e .
1 34 DI E S E L E NGINE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
The p o we a s
6 . r b orb d i n fri t io e c n , e tc .
,
i nc r ea se s wi th th e

s p eed of re lu i n , vo t o nd l o wi th a a s an i nc r e a se i n the mea n

p r es s u e r .

7 . The v al u e K dec e a s es wi r a n i nc th r ea se of sp ee d and is

i ndep enden t O f the m e a n p e s s ur e r .

All th
es e i mp ort nt f t n b d d d th or ti lly a ac s ca e e uce e e ca

a nd b r
ea o ut the r l t f th t t I t will b es u s O n f om e es s . e s ee r

( )
7 th t K ad t h p d ri
ecrea se s a s i K v r i
e s i n v r ly
ee se s , . a . a es e se

w i th S tho g h n t i n t h
,
u m r ti o nd i mi l rly from (1 )
o e sa e a , a S a

th ef l on mpti on p I H P ho r ri wi th
ue c su er . . . u , 0 s es an

i r
n c e a se i n th p i t on p d eTh v l s f th m n p r
s ee . e a ue O e ea es

1
r P from form l (3 ) i d p d nt n th r ti o 5 nd if
su e u a s e en e o e a a
c

th e sp d riee th i r t i o d r
s es n sd h an P f ll Th
e c ea s es a e ce a s . e

p ro d t P S
uc n w h i h th oo t p t f t
c h n g i n e d p n du u O e e e e e s,

wi th th m h
e sa
y d d i m t
e c r th rn f or ert nd a to b o me e , e e e e s ec e

con t nt t high r p d or in Oth r word in r

s a a e s ee s, f e s, c e a se O

sp d
ee f r voo l t i o n bov
e urt i n p o i na t w ill n t
e a ce
p ro d a o u ce a

f l in r
us e u i n o tp tc ea s e Thi w w ll i n t n d i
u u . s as e s a ce n

S ili g
e t t
er s
’
i hown i n th followi g t bl
es s , a s s s e n a e .

S pe e d O f R ev olu Ou t p u t of P er
t i o n i n cre as e d e ng i ne ce n t a g e
r .
p m . . i ncreas e d . I n cre as e .

B H P. . .

h r lt how l rly th di tin t li mi t ti on t

T ese esu s S c ea e s c a s o

th o t p t f
e u Di l ngi nu f fix d di m t r f yli n d r
O a es e e e o e a e e O c e

and th t by m r i n r
a f p d f r vol ti on (or p i t
e e c ea s e o S ee O e u s on

sp d
ee ) t h p o w r d v l o p d byeth m otor nn ot
e b fell y e e e ca e u se u

in r d b yond
c e a se rt i n p oint nd th t f v ry ngi n
e a ce a ,
a a or e e e e

th r i v l f th prod t f th pi ton p d nd t h
e e s a a ue or e uc o e s s ee a e

m n pr
ea r whi h gi v m o t ffi i nt r l t
e ss u e c es s e c e es u s .
1 36 DIE S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WOR K
ec onomy in f l o t with g ngin ue c s s O wi ng to th n as e es . e e ces

s i ty f th p rod
O er g in t ll t i on v litt l or nothing
u ce , a as s a a sa es e

in p s ace or w i ght omp r d wi th th t m p l nt d

e , as c a e e s ea a , an

fir m n e e r q ir d f th p rod r or f th boil r
a re e u e or e u ce or e e ,

tho gh f o r th m tt nti on i n t r q i r d b t i n
u O c u se e sa e a e s o e u e , u

a ny th r d t i o n i n t h
case e e uc mb r f tt nd nt w o ld e nu e o a e a s u

b e s m ll a F rth r
. ti f torily r v r i bl g ngi i t
u e a sa s ac e e s e as e ne s a

p r esen t h r dl y n a o m p li h ad f t
a cc n d p d s v e i t i o n ac , a s ee ar a

is a d i ffi l t p rob l m t ki ng ll m tt r i nt o o n i d r ti on
cu e a a a e s c s e a ,

th r for it i f to y th dopti on f g
e e e, s sa e sa g i n
e a f o a s en es or

t h p ro p l i o n f hi p i n t li k ly to m k m
e u s o s s s o h h dw y e a e uc ea a

in th f t r e ltho gh th r m y b
u u e, a u n or tw i ol t d
e e a e o e o s a e

in ts a n ce s i n wh i h rt i n m r f c a ce a m y b ea su e O s ucces s a e

obt i d a ne .

It i pp s a r n t th t p
a erov i d d n i
a l n g i n o led b a
p O e e c u e ro

d u ce d w hi h i q l to t m ngin in r li bi li ty i t
c s e ua a s ea e e e a ,

wo ld h v m ny p oi nt
u a e fa p r i or i ty s o mo p r sud w iet h as c a e

th g e ngi n wh i l r t i ni ng
as e e ll th g n r l d v nt g
e e a a f e e e a a a a es o

th i nt rn l o mb t i on ngi
e e a c H
us th D ie l ng i n
ne . ence e e se e e,

wh i h h c p rov as d i t lf m or e ffi i n t
se th n d e t le t c e a ,
an a eas

as rvi bl
se cea th g
e g i
as , n f e l n d w
as or enk m e or a , see s

t o b mi n ntly d p t d f
e e e t h p rop l i o
a a e f h ip
or b ut
e u s n o s s,

th r h v n t r lly b m ny di ffi lti to ov r om
e e a e a u a ee n a cu es e c e

b for i t o ld b i p o iti on to omp r with th t m

e e c u e n a s c a e e s ea

e ngi n i n m tt r wh i h f
e, a m ri n work
e s c f p rh p
or a e are o e a s

g r ea et r i m p ort n th n m a r ceo n o m y a A m r i n
e e ec
g i n . a e en e

m t b for
us e v rythi g b b ol t ly r li bl
e e e n e a d wi th t h
s u e e a e , an e

p r t
e se n d y p r f at i o f t
e h t
ec m n g i
n on r l t
e s eat p o n e e, es u an u

n ea rly nt ry
a cef p r ti l xp ri n
u o it i
ac ca y to e e e ce , s eas s ee

th t th Di l ngi h d to m k m h progr
a e es e e ne a nd t a e uc es s a o

p ass thro g h l o nug p r i da f tr i l n d r

e t h o v o r t n a u e e se e es co

di ti f p r t i on i n p r t i
o ns o O e a b for i t o ld ri o ly b ac ce e e c u se us e

c on i d r ds e e ti f tory m otor f m rin prop l i on

as a sa s ac or a e u s .

Af t r o m e s v t y r d ring wh i h th gin h b n
e se e n ee n ea s , u c e en e as ee

e mp loy d f e ll m or a r f t ti on ry work wi th r li
a nne o s a a , a e

a bili ty w g r lly gr d to b q l to th t f th t m
no e ne a a ee e e ua a O e s ea

en g i n i t
e, m y w i th a o b i d th t th
rea s i n
p rob t i
e sa o n ry a s a a

p er i o d h x p i r
as e d At t h m
e t.i m i t m t b
e sa d m i tt e d e, us e a e
 DI ES EL E NGI NE S FOR MAR INE
-
W OR K 13 7

th t m ri pr ti i i m ny w y di ff r t fro m t ti on ry
a a ne ac ce s n a a s e en s a a

op r ti on nd tho gh thi p oi nt ho ld t b x gg r t d
e a ,
a u s s u no e e a e a e ,

as m ri a g i r
ne e n p t to m k
nee s are a i t th r i n d o bt a e , e e s o u

th t th o di ti o f rvi t
a e c n ns o in g se rl m h ce a s ea a re , en e a ,
uc

m or v r th n n l nd I t w n
e se e e a o ry th r for
a . as e ce ssa , e e e,

t h t b for th Di l ngi n o ld h p to find r dy dop

a e e e es e e e c u O e ea a

ti n f
o l rg vor al xp ri n ho ld b g in d wi th i t
e e ss e s , e e e ce s u e a e
‘

n m ll r bo t th t r on b l i d to i t r li
‘

us e o s a e a s, SO a a ea s a e ea as s e

a bili ty d g n r l i t bi lity f hip o ld b obt in d

an e e a su a or s s c u e a e .

Th r e e are at th p r nt ti m eom 300 v l f v i o

es e e s e e s se s O ar us

typ p rop ll d by Di l ngin

es e e nd m y hv b n
es e e es , a an a e ee

r nning f om y r Mo t f th
u or s e ea s q i t m ll bo t
. s o ese a re u e s a a s

a nd th r in l d d
e e are n mb r c u f b m ri n b t t h
e a u e O su a es , u e

fig r i t lf i
u e ffi i nt to ho w th t th i tro d t i on f th
se s su c e s a e n uc o e

Di l ngi n
es e e v n i n l g hi p nnot r lly b on id r d
e e e ar e s s ca ea e c s e e

a n i nn ov ti on b t o ly a ,
li g h t d v n
u n n n lr dy
a s a a ce o a a ea

p rov d rr
e g ma n t M or
an e ov r teh D i . l m r i gei n e e es e a ne e n e,

e x p ti ng only th typ mploy d n b m ri wh r

ce e e e e o su a ne s , e e a

r l t i v ly l rg n mb r f yli d r i n i ty di ff r
e a e a e u e o c n e s s a eces s , e s

b t li ght ly fro m th
u S t ti o ry motor i n r v r i g nd
e s a na , s ce e e s n a

s p d
ee r g l t i o ne m
u ao di fi t i o n w
areh i h i n vo lv n m tcar i l s c e o a e a

a lt r t i o n i n d i g
e a s nd th esxp ri n g i n d with th
n, a e e e e ce a e e

l nd
a g i n en i th i n es m s qus i v l n t toa th t w h i h
ea s ur e e u a e a c

w o ld h v h d to b
u a ebt in d t w r th on tr ti on
a e O a e a sea e e e c s uc

di ff r nt i n
e e y m r k d dan g r a e e ee .

A d va nta ge s of th e D i e s e l E n gi ne fo r M a r i ne Wo r k .

The ad v nta a g es o f the Di e s el for m a i ne p p ulsi n

engi ne r ro o
ov r th e e s tea m p la n t are i n n o s e ns e p lema i ca l b u t c an rob t
b r de e to o t ry v
u ce d r m ne a o t or r s a i ng i n u nni ng c s s , i nc e a se d
earni ng p i ty Th car d t i o n
ac i f l o. t m t e e uc n ue c s us n eces

sa r i ly b d p d nt n th pri
e e enf il d o l
e d i o e ce s o O an c a , an s a

m tt r th t
a e n r di ly b d t r mi d by th
a ca hip ow
ea e e e ne e s ner ,

s in ceth f l th t wi ll be o m d wi th Di l Motor
ue a e c ns u e a e se

s hip wi th ngin f ny p rti l r p ow r n b g r

, e es O a a cu a e ,
ca e ua a n

t d wi thin th r o w t li mi t whil th o l b rn d i n
ee e na r es s, e e c a u e

th m h i p pro p ll d by t m
e sa e S g i n r di ley b fix d
e s ea en nes ca ea e e

i n th li ght f p t xp i
e o as e er e nce .

Th mo t f o l w h i h i
e a un o m d in t m gi
O c a c s c ns u e s ea en ne
1 38 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WOR K
ro
p p e lled S hi p p H P n t lly v i on id r bly with
s er . . a ura ar es c s e a

th l
e c ass O f v l nd th typ e ss e nd p o w r , a f th m hi e e a e o e ac n

er y , n d a l o w i tha st h q li ty f o l b rn d th i
e l tt r ua O c a u e s a e

p o i nt h o ld
s b r m
u m b r d ien n y oem p i o
e n f t h o t
e e f a c ar s O e c s s O

c o l nd il in wh r h p o l i
a a O , s ce d th m o nt i
e e c ea c a s u se e a u s

u sua lly i n r d nd v r g fig
c e a se , f a on mpti o th n
a e a e ures or c su n e

d n t form n
o o t b i In f t th onl y r lly f i
a a ccura e as s . ac e ea a r

m thod f
e ti m ti on f f l on mpti on i n in whi h
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th e ca l orifi v l i t k n i nto
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ov er a v ry l rg n mb r f v l n w i n p r ti on p
e a e u e O esse s e O e a , ar

ti l ly tho
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f whi h th b lk f th world hipping i o mp o d gi v ’

O c e u O e s s s c se , es

as th on mp ti on f o l p I H P ho 1 5 5 lh nd
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,

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hor p ow r to i ndi t d hor p ow r th fig r f 1 8 lb f

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c o l p B H P i bt in d A m tt r f f t n norm o
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n mb r
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2 lb p . B H P ho r b i ng
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v l b t n th oth h nd i n rt in
esse s , u o e th n
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fr q nt ly
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a nd f or
p p r o f
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lb . f f l i r q ir d p
O ue s B H P ho r wi th
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e ngi ne .

On thi b s a si s hip prop ll d wi th

i t will b e Seen ha t t in a s e e

Di l g
ese i n t h o nen m p t i o n f f
es l ho ld b e c
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m t ly n q rt r f th w i g ht f o l b n d wi th
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engi n p l nt b t i n r
e li ty th
a vi ng m y b m h gr t
,
u ea e sa a e uc ea er .

Wh n nni ng
e t r d
ru d p d th D i l ngi n i r l
a e uce S ee s e es e e e s e a

ti v ly m or
e ffi i nt th n th e e t m ngin Thi p oint i
c e a e s ea e e . s s

of p rt i l r i mp ort n
a cu a f w v l whi h f by f a ce or ar es se s , c or ar

th gr t r p orti on f th ti m
e ea e t m h b low th i o e e, run a uc e e r

f ll p ow r nd p d whil th
u e a m r m rk pplis t ee , e e sa e e a a es o

tr wla nd i mi l
ers v a l nd v n hi p whi h m k
S ar e s se s , a e e S s c a e
 140 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WO R K

ta geo us r t i o f f l i t h tw a o ue n m ly D in l ngi n
e o c as es , a e , ese e e

us i ng n q r t r f th o e -
uat m ngi n e o e s ea e e .

Th fig r
ese m t h t th
u es assum p ow r i r q i r de a e sa e e s e u e

wh th r e hi p b d i v n by Di l or t m ngin
e a S e r e d th i es e s ea e es , a n s

i v ry ne rly th
s e a th b l n b i ng r th r i f vo r
e c a se , e a a ce e a e n a u
o f th f or m r e Wi th th e mploym nt f th D i
. e el g i n e o e ese en e

a s hi p n b b uilt wi th r th r fi r li n th n t m hip
ca e a e ne es a a s ea s ,

wh i h ll o w
c a rt in r d ti on f p ow r with th m v
s a ce a e uc o e e sa e es

se l p d s On t h oth r h nd t h mo t
ee . e i t bl e
p d af e s su a e s ee O

r vol ti on f th Di l gi n i g n r lly p ki ng r th r
e u o e es e en e s e e a s ea a e

a bov th mo t onomi l p rop ll r p d nd h n

e e s ec ca e e s ee , a e ce a

S li ghtly gr t r p o w r i n d d b t th ea e e tw s m tt r ee e , u ese o a e s

bln a a h th r t ny
ce e a c t n r no gh f ll p r ti l
o e , a a ra e ea e u or a ac ca

p pu r o ses .

Th vi g i n th
e sa q nti ty f f l d r fl t i t lf
n e ua o ue use e ec s se

i m ny oth r w y
n a F e th m voy g
a s . i onl y n
or e sa e a e S nce o e

fif th f th w i ght f f l i r q i d
o e e o v ry v l bl b k r
ue s e u re , a e a ua e un e

s p i
a ce v i l b
s a l f g na r l
a r eg o p or n d th
e i ie a m or ca s ace , a s s e

th n v n th m r r l ti v w ight ign ify in i l n b

a e e e e e e a e e s s , s ce O ca e

s tor d in pl
e wh i h w o ld b
a ces q it c i t bl f u ol e u e u ns u a e or c a ,

s uc h i n th do bl botto m or b ll t t nk
as e u e a as a s .

Wh g o i n
eng i n to o n i d r t i o n f th
a r l c t i v r s n n i n e a
g O e e a e u

c o t f Di l nd t m i n t ll ti on th o t f th f l
s s o a es e a a s ea s a a , e c s o e ue

is no t by ny m n th a ol i t m to nt r i to th l l
ea s e s e e e e n e c a cu a

ti o Th mo t f l bri ti g i l n
n . e a un o ry i p rh p
u ca n O e ce s s a s e a s

g r t r
ea e w i th D i l m otor a b t n t h
e se oth r h n d n fr , h u o e e a , o es

w t r h
a e to b rri d f boil r A r g rd th o t f
as e ca e or e s . S e a s e c s O

u p k p ee n d g a r l r p i r th
e ne a r i r e o toa s,
pp o e e s no ea s n su se

th t th Di l hi p ho ld b t di dv nt g d pr nt
a e ese s s u e a a sa a a e , an es e

e xp ri e r th r p oi t to t h f t th t th ontr ry i
e nce a e n s e ac a e c a s

th e whi h mi ght b
case , c ti ip t d f th r on th t e an c a e or e eas a

th r i m h l m hi n ry d f w r p rt to g t t f
e e s uc ess ac e an e e a s e ou o

o d r Wi th Di l hi p th r
r e . a es ef o r S tok r e e a re O c u se no s e s

r q i r d nd t h n mb r f tt nd nt i m h r d d
e u e a e u e o a e a s s uc e u ce ,

thi pplying to hip f ll i

s a s nd ngi n s O f ll p o w r
a s z es a e es O a e s .

I l rg v
n a l ho w v
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an e empl oy d f a e x di g th
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en g i oo
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 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR MAR I NE WOR K 14 1

extr m e e case O f h r th y w r om 1 80
t he M a ureta ni a , w e e e e e s e

fir m n
e e g i n t
as 3 5 a n g ian r sC o m i n g to e t l f t
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it m y b a w ll to t t th t i n
e as e m ll v s a e l f to
a a s a ess e o ns

di p l
s m nt wi th
a ce e Di l ng in f 5 00 B H P th tot l
a ese e e O . . . e a

en g i n rooe m-
t ff o i t d
s a f f o r m c w h
ns s ei l t i n v o l u en , s a esse

p pro ll d
e by e D i l m o t aor f ese B H P t h t lO . . . e a c ua

sa vi ng ff t d i bo t £ 200 p nn m d to th r d d
e ec e s a u er a u ,
ue e e u ce

nu m b r f tt nd nt
e O a o mp r d wi th
e a s t m hi p f
as c a e a s ea s O

e q l p ow r
ua e .

Th vi g i w ight f f l on m d p ni t f work
e sa n n e O ue c su e er u o

i n Di a l ngi n m y b
es e e t ili d t in n f tw w y
e a e u ze a se a o e o o a s

t h r ng m y b i n r
e a e a d by erryi g th m mo nt f
c ea s e ca n e sa e a u O

f l or wi th th
ue ,
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e
psa t h e o n
an o m i e,d e s a ce us e c ze

m y ba mpl oy d f
e e xtr rgo r yi ng p i ty Th
e or e a ca ca r ca ac . e

fi t m tho d i
rs e f norm o s o v l f w v l nd t th
e us a ue or ar es s e s , a a e

low t es ti m t th r di f ti on f b ttl hip m y b

es a e e a us o ac o a a es a e

in r c ea s e d fo f ld d i n ll p rob b i li ty ll o wi ng f
ur -
o , an ath a a or e

e xtr o o my in th i
a ec n owing to th v r g p ow r s ca s e e a e a e e

d v l op d b i g
e e e m h b low th m xi m m i t i p
e n so uc e e a u , s ro

b b l th t o m thi g li k
a e a s v n or ight ti m th r di
e n e se e e es e a us

m i ght b r k o d n in D i e ec nel ngin b tt l h i p o mp r d

o a es e e e a es c a e

w i th th xi ti g typ Th v l f thi n h rdly b

e e s n e . e a ue O s ca a e

too trongly mp h i d p rti la ly i n th

s e a s ze ,f o a ti cu r e ca se O c un r es

w ho se i bl
a cces s o ling t ti o e c i fr q
a t F s a ns are n e u en . or

m r h t v
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s o as a u e O ea en

in r c ea se th r ng tho gh i t m y fr q tly b dvi bl

e a e, u a e ue n e a sa e

o n ce rt in rvi owing to th f t th t f l t m y port

a se ce s e ac a ue ,
a an s

o f ll w h i h h v n
ca c rily to b
a e d o li g t ti o
e ce s s a e us e as c a n s a ns ,

is x e i v i n p ri
cess nd th l
e r o mpti on f f l th r
ce , a e e ss e c nsu O ue e e

f or e all o w g r t r
s a ho i to w
ea e h r i tc ho l d b t
ce a s k n e e S u e a e

on bo rd l di ng to
a , ea o o my i mp o i bl wi th t m an ec n ss e s ea

s hi p owi ng to th li mi t t i o f b k r p i ty How v r
s, e a ns O un e ca ac . e e ,

m o t fr q nt ly th
s e ue hi pown r i d i ro f t ki g f ll
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a d v nt g a f th p o i bi li ty f i n r
a e o e i g th ss rgo rryi ng o c ea s n e ca -
ca

ca p i
acty f h i h i po d t hs s o o m y f
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e ec n o ue c su n

will g r lly b p t to thi p rp o

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i mp o t t th i r an vi g m y b o m s sa pn i lly f a h i p ec e, es ec a or S s

m ki g lo g voy g
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142 D I ES E L E NGINES F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
p la ce m e n t pr op elled by bo t 1 1 00 or
a s tea m eng i ne of a u ,

I HP . ld . m. wo u c on
nd r worki ng o ndi ti on su om
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1 5 to n f o l p s O d y whil wi th
c a er Di al ngi n, f q l e 9. es e e e O e ua

or r th r gr t r p ow r ( y
a e ea e e wo l d r q i sa u e u re

u nd 4 ton
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s O O , s a re uc O a ea s s

p er d y or ai f t h,
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e 2 0 d
es s e y t t u l v i n g e e or a s, a o a sa

O f 220 ton Allowi ng f s . th f t th t il n b or p l d e ac a O ca e a ce

in l a i bl p i ti on th n o l th r w oul d b
ess a ccess e os p a c a , e e e a s a ce

a v il ble f
a a rrying rg o to th xt nt f n ly n
or ca ca e e e o ear o e

t nth f th hip nti r di pl m nt whi h r fl t v ry

e o e s
’
s e e s ace e , c e ec s e

c on i d r bly n th rni ng p i ty f rgo v l

s e a o e ea ca ac o a ca ess e .

I n th m di e sa ti on li th onomy in th p
e re c es e ec e s ace occu

p i d e by nd t h, w ai g ht f t h me h in ery i n D i O l hi p e ac e a ese S

co mp r d wi th a e t m hip On thi p oi nt g i n th q
a s ea s . s a a e u es

ti on i n t n f ti m t b t f t l f t Th v r g
s o o e O es a e u O a c ua ac . e a e a e

w i ght f m hi n ry in v
e o ac l p rop ll d by r i p ro t ing
e es se s e e ec ca

en g in f m
es o d rno n tr t i o n e i n l di n
co g th s bo il r
uc n d ,
c u e e s a

access ori i in th n ighbo rhood f 1 t n f v ry 5 t

es s e e u o e or e e o

8 I H P d v l op d by th m i n ngi n
. . . e e e On l g v e l a e es . ar er esse s ,

p art i l r ly
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p p ll d by t
se m t rb i n e th w
e i g ht s ea u es , e e

is s om wh t l f th m p ow nd p rti l rly i thi

e a e ss or e sa e e r, a a cu a s s

SO i n b tt l hi p a whil in d troy r
es s, nd i mi l r v
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th w i ght f th m h i n y m y b
e e o e d ac d to 1 5 I H P er a e re u ce . . .

p er t n T
o hi r . d t i o n ho w
s v r e i uc lly n r il y e e s us u a e ce ss a

O bt in d by th mploym nt f high p d ngi n f p i

a e e e e o s ee e es o S ec

a lly light on tr ti on nd th c s uc th r for n t

, a e ca ses are e e e o

di r t ly o mp r bl
ec c Th i n r a a in p d i
e . l o e m c eas e s ee s a s a e co

p an i d by
e di m i n t i o n ai n p p o ll r uffi i n y w hi h f r e e e c e c , c o

c o r how i t lf in hi gh r o l on mpti on p H P
u se s s se a e c a c su er . .

ho r Th w ight f m i n Di l ngi n f th tw y l
u . e e o a ar e ese e e o e o c -
c e

s i ngl ti g typ ompl t wi th ll xili ri nd

e ac n e c e e oi a au a es a acces s r es

v ri b tw n 1 0 nd 1 5 B H P p t n f tot l w i ght
a es e ee a er o O a e
—
. . .
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wi th ngi n e f th lo w p d typ
es O th t i t y und
e s s ee e a s o sa er

200 vol ti on p mi n t F hi gh p d ngi n whi h

re u s er u e . or s ee e es c

m y b
a mploy d in
e e rt in e m h ce 25 B H P a ca ses as uc as . . .

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p o w n d
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b n bui lt f thi w ight I rt i n i n t n th r f or

ee o s e . n ce a s a ces , e e e,
144 DI ES E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
comp ri on whi h wi ll pply g n r lly in th v yin g
a s s c a e e a , s ce e ar

se rvi nd ondi ti on nd r whi h di ff r nt v l n

ces a c s u e c e e esse s ru ,

wi ll d t rmi n th m nn r i n whi h th
e e e hip own r will t k
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adv nt g a f th a onomy nd onv ni n to b d i v d

e O e ec a c e e ce e er e

by th f th il ngi n wh th r f
e us e O in te O th b nk r e e, e e or s a n ce e u e

ca p i ty w
aci ll r m i n t h m ll o w i n g e g r t r r adi or e sa e, a a ea e a us ,

wh th r th r ng
e e f th v l wi ll b o nly j t m i nt i
e a e O d e e s se e us a a ne

and th f ll onomy in w ight f f l rri d wi ll b t ili d

e u ec e o ue ca e e u ze

to i t t m o t Th ti m t
s u s b d n voy g 20
. e es a es a re a se o a a e

d y a ts ound 20 d y ho m ,
a wi th fo r ro d tri p in t h
a s e, u un s e

y r or 1 60 d y t ming p nn m Th il f l r i d
ea a s s ea er a u . e O ue ca r e

i r ko d
s ec ffi i nt f
ne th do bl voy g
as su whil t h
c e or e u e a e, e e

co l i n th
a f th t m hi p i
e ca se O ffi i t f th o t w d
e s ea s s s su c en or e u ar

jo r y o ly
u ne n .

Th o t f o l i t k t 1 5 7 m rk or y 1 5 6d p
e c s O c a s a en a -
a s, sa 8 . . er

t n
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f f l t 3 5 m rk or
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f l o n mp t i o n f
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B H P ho r
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. o l o mpti o with th t m
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en gi t bone at 1 25 lb p a I H P hou w h i h r th
-
r f vo r . er . . . ur , c a e a u s

th e t m hip s ea s .

Typ e o f v es s el
L e n g th
B eam .

D e p th
D ra u g ht
S h a ft h o rs e p o w er B H P . . . .

G ro ss to nn a ge t o ns
We i g ht o f fu e l ca rri e ( o ub le v o y dd
a ge i n cas e O f D i es e l s h i p ) t o ns .

E xtra freigh t ca rryin g ca p a ci ty w i th-

D i ese l S h ip to ns
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. . . .

for D i es el an d 1 25 lb p er I H P -
. . . .

s tea m e n g i ne ) t o ns p er day 7 1
°

F ue l c o s t p e r d a y £ 1 2 28 0d . .

D a i ly s a vi n g i n fue cos t wi th D i es el l
s h ip £ 3 93 . 0d .

W a ges a n d m a i n te na n ce O f en gi ne

ro o m s ta ff p er m o n th £ 5 2 68 0d . . £ 7 2 1 08 0d. .

S a vi n g i n en gin e room s ta ff w i th -

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 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR MAR I NE WOR K 14 5

The roo m t ff i r ko d thr

engi ne -

g i r s a s ec ne as ee e n nee s , a n

i t t
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Di l hi p or p r t i lly
ese s r d t i n f fo r m n i n t h
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l tt r Th v ing i n y w or ki g m y b
’
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m i d a r ze d r t ki g as p r v i o
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t mi g d y
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p e r

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f
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p e r da y 1 60 d a ys
or

Wa ges a n d m a i n te na n ce of e ngi n e -
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To ta l 0 0
E xtra i n te re s t a nd d e p re ci a ti o n d u e to h i g h e r co s t of

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T h r i x t th y m t
e se figu es , ne ri ly b ac as e us ne ce s s a e, are

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ue e ca e e o S s .

A wi ll h v b
s d r tood fro m p r vi o
a e een u n x pl t i o e s e us e ana ns

th il
e o d i Diuse l g i i n ll y f t h
e se h vy bo
en di d ne s s u s ua o e ea e

typ wi th hi gh fl h p oint o mm onl y b tw 1 5 0 F

e a as ,
c e ee n
°
.

an d 3 00 F Th p o i bi li ty f fi fro m xplo i o th r for

°
. e ss O re e s n e e e

ne ed n t t r nd thi i f i mp ort
o en e , a p rt f ro m s t h s o a nce as , a a e

ab f d g r to th
s e nc e O gi n anroo m t eff t h q t i o ne enf e -
s a ,
e u es O

high r in n whi h might b r i d w r i l f low r

e s ura ce c e a se e e O s O a e

fl h p oi t
as ry do
n t i
ne ce s s a d it h i f t b
,
es no a r se , a n as, n ac , e en

d i d d b y th i n r n
ec e o mp i th t pr mi m
e su a ced c a n es a e u s n ee

I!
 1 46 D I E S E L E NGI NES F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
be no hi gher wi h Di esel t bo t th a s an for the m o t m od
s er n

t
s eam s hi p s .

The e ase a nd clea nli ness h il f l m y b t k t

wi h whi c o ue a e a en

o n bo rd a o mp r d wi th th p r ti on f o li ng i
as c a e e O e a o c a s a

g oo d p o i n t w ll w or t hy
e f o n i d r t i o n o i n c i t i s o le aly , S ce s s e a

m tt a f p mping fro m
er o u r rvoi r th o gh n or m r a ese r u o e o e

p p i n
es , a d th i m y b s r i d
a t w i th
e ca r e g r t r p idi ty
ou T h ea a . e

e ngi n roo m e -
rr ng m nt in Di l hi p i omp r t iv ly
a a e e a es e s s c a a e

s i mp l th
e, b e a f th sence o ompli t d t m piping b i ng e c ca e s ea e

p a rt i l r
cu al y n ot i b l n d
ce a th e, n g ain i n t
asi l y e lf e e s e re se

c ont in d i t p r ti on i wholly ontroll d by th ngi

a e s O e a s c e e e ne

ro m tt nd nt whi h i p oint to b not d i n omp ri

o a e a s, c s a e e c a so n

wi th th d p d n e e en f th r nni ng f
e ce o t m gi n n th
e u o a s ea en e o e

p r r
es s u e o f t h t m f ro m
e s ea t h bo i l r U p to t h e p r t
e s . e e se n

t i m pr ti ll y ll Di l hi p h v b n provi d d wi th
e ac ca a e se S s a e ee e

f nn l
u e sf th O m typ e sa t m hip to g t id f th
e e as s ea s s, e r O e

e xh t g a us b t thi i
a ses , u t t i l th y o ld b di
s s no e s s en a , as e c u e s

c h rg d from th id f th v l if r q ir d Wi th th
a e e s e o e e ss e e u e . e

g ene ar l d p t
a i o e f D i l
n o m t f es e w v l
e e rs f nn l or ar e sse s u e s

w o ld nu d o bt b di p n d wi th wh i h w o ld h v
o u e s e se ,n c u a e a

i mp ort t b ring n than ea ff ti v o e e f th g ec wh i l

e us e o e uns , e

th e ab sence o f y m o k an i ms t t r f
e o m s a i m p or t a e i n o s e a n ce

p r ve n t
e i n g t h p o i b ilei ty f l
sso t i g h i p o p o i t i
cao n byn a s
’
s s

thi m n in th xh t g
s ea s, S ce e e pausr t i l ly m o k
a ses a rel ac ca s e ess .

Wi th r g rd to th e a o t f th m hin ry f e c s o Die l ac e or a es e

motor v l th Di
e sse ,
l e g in t
ese t h en
p r t t i mes a t e es en e are a a

di dv nt g
sa a aA e ro gh fig r ov r wid r g f p ow r
. s a u u e e a e an e o e s

i t m y b t k n th t th D i
a e a e a l p l t i fro m 1 5 to 25 p
e es e an s er

cen t mor xp n iv th n t m i n t ll ti on in l di ng
. e e e s e a a s ea s a a , c u

a ll auxi li ri i n both a es Th o t f D i l gi n h
cas e s . e c s o es e en es as,

ho w v r b f lling wi thin th l t y r or tw nd n
e e , e en a e as ea o a o

d o bt wi ll oon b
u s omp r bl wi th th t f t m p l nt f
e c a a e a O s ea a s O

th e sam p o w r b t i t i to b
e e ,
u mp h i d th t m or th n
s e e a s ze a , e a

wi th yan oth r m h ien ry p raci tt i

e n g i ,
to b tro
ce cu g l y d s e s n e

p re ca et d in v i w f t h e p r f o t i o n ef o n etr t ieco n r q u i r
O d c s uc e e

wi th D i l es e g i en n d i f t h
ne s , a r d t i o i n o t p
e r i e b uc n c s ce e

ca rri d too f i t will i vi t bly r t th po i biliti of

e ar ne a ea c on e ss es

s ucces s o f the en i ne
g .
1 48 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
w ork , thi only f ou wi th th tw y l typ
a nd s , o c rs e , e o c c e
-
e .

In t l pr ti wi th tw y l i ngl t ing gi
a c ua ac ce a o c -
c e s e ac en ne

th r e e are u s ua lly fo r yli d r tho g h i x ylin d r ngi n

u c n e s, u S -
c e e es

are s o m ti m mploy d p rti l rly f th l rg r p ow r

e es e e , a cu a or e a e e s,

an d wi th t hi n mb r s f ylin d r
u flywh l b om
e o c e s a ee ec es

u nn ece ssa ry ; th tw typ ese th t nd rd dopt d

o es a re e s a a s a e

by o m m n f t r r ot bly M r S l r Broth r
s e a — u ac u e s n a e ss s . u ze e s .

Wi th fo r y l ngi u -
c th l
c e e t n mb r f ylind r whi h
nes , e ea s u e O c e s c

is a d vi b l i i x i n ord r to gi v
sa e s s , n v n t rni ng m o m e t e a e e u en .

V ry fr q ntly how v r mor

e e ue , mploy d p rti l ly
e e , e are e e , a c u ar

wi th g i
en n f b m
es r i n
or s u w h r m y oth
a r f a tor
es , e e so an e c s

en e t r i nto o i d r ti o c ns d i g ht i
e a o mm o n mb r
n, an e s a c n u e .

I f th ylind r b mpl oy d f d o bl ting gin

re e c e s e e e or a u e ac en e,

n o flywh l i r q ir d b t th q ti o f b l i ng th
ee s e u e ,
u e ue s n O a anc e

e ngi n d r nd ri g i t fr
e an e fro m vi br ti on i
e n omp li t d ee a s c ca e

by th i trod ti on f th v ng p mp How v r thr

e n uc O e s ca e e u s . e e , ee

c y h n d b
ers a rein g d o p t ed i n m o t a w i th n gi n e f th i s ca s es e es O s

ty p F v ry l rg gin th q ti on do n t r olv
e . or e a e en es e ues es o es e

i t lf m r ly into th
se e e dvi b l n m b r f yli nd r fro m
e a sa e u e o c e s

th p oi nt
e f vi w f v O t ning mo m t d b
e O e en f ur en an a s e n ce O

vi br ti o b t i d p d t n th p ow r whi h
a n, u s e en en b o e e c ca n e

d v lop d i
e e en gi n aw i th en r o n b l ne m b r f y l i d r
a ea s a e nu e o c n e s
—i n oth r word n th m xi m m hor p ow r whi h
e s, o e a b u se e c ca n e

obt i n d from n yli nd r I n y

a e o e c wi th v ry l rg e . an cas e , e a e

e ngi n f
es , v r l r o hi f mo g whi h i th
or s e e a eas ns , c e a n c s e n e ce s

s i ty f i mpli i ty i t wi ll p rob b ly b i
or s c ,
dvi b l to h v a e na sa e a e

m or th e i ght yli d r
an e nd h n c th n d wi ll ri
n e s, a f e ce e ee a se or

twi or tri pl
n r w Di l hip whi h h v m h to m
e sc e e se s s, c a e uc co

m d th m
en e llo wi g g
as a t r ffi i y d gi vi g b tt r
n rea e e c en c an n e e

m a n oeu v i g f i li ti
r n Ev n f
ac l o w r p ow r t wi
es . rw
e or e e s, n sc e

Di l v
ese l wi ll prob bly b o m
e sse s omm on t y r t a ec e c , a an a e

for s om ti m h d nti l gr t r xp i n h b n g i d
e e a ea ,
u ea e e er e ce as ee a ne

wi th v ry l r g e ngi a nd th i i i
e e t n d in tw t wi n
ne s , a s s ns a ce o

sc er w bo t w nd r o tr ti o a s ne u e wi th ngi c ns f uc n , on e e nes o

H P nd th oth r
. . a HP e Th y e both f . . e a re o

th e d o b l u t i e g t w ac y l n ty p t h f or m
o c r
-
h v i n g c ei g h t e, e e a e

c yli d n er s a n d th l tt r thr e yli d r p h ft

a e ee c n e s er s a .

I t w i l l b n th t
e se e D i l m r i a
g i n ai n
g n r l h a
e se a ne e n e e e a s
 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR MAR INE W OR K 1 49

m or y li
e c n de s r th an a s ea t m e ngi ne of t he sa m e p o w r e , whi c h
is i n i ts elf v t g from th p oint f vi w f dding
a di s a d an a e e O e O a

to th ompli ti on f th m hin ry On th oth r h n d

e c ca O e ac e . e e a ,

i n th v t f br kd own f
e e en O a ea or mor yli d r ll O o ne e c n e s, a

t h oth r
e n p
e s ca t q i t ti f torily th t th p o i
O e ra e u e sa s ac , SO a e ss

b i li ti f tot l di bl m nt
es o a sa m ll in th
e e xtr m whil
a re s a e e e e, e

a t ny t i m
a n mb r e a f th u yli d r n b h t d ow
e o e c n e s ca e s u n,

g i v i g n m or a o o m i
e l o
ec p r n t i o n f t
cah g i n t
e a l w o e en e a o

p o w r e s T h . m l t i p li
e i ty fu y li n d rc h lw
O y b c n e s as a a s ee

t k n dv t g f i n om d ig m nt i on d l t r i idi g
a e a an a e O s e es ns e e a e n a n

th em n v i g f th v l
a oeu r n o e es s e .

F orth m jori ty f h i p
e a f b tw n O s to
s O to e ee ns ,

o f whi h cm nti o n d b for th gr t r p or ti o

, as e e e e, f th e ea e n o e

w orld hippi g i omp o d th mo t o omi l prop ll r

’
s s n s c se , e s ec n ca e e

s p d
ee o i t n
c ns s et w i th h i h
g p p ro l l r ffi i y i bo t 1 0e0 e e c enc s a u re

vol ti on p min t d Di l gi m t d pt th m
u s er u e , an as es e en ne s us a a e

l
s e u es to xi t i g o ndi ti on (i to p r t li mi t t i on f p
e s n c s . e . es en a s O ro

p e ll r e ffi i e y ) t hc en cg r t r m eb r f D
ea e i l m r i
nu n g i n e o e se a e en es

h v to b d ig d to
a e e es t bo t t hi
ne ru n a
p d or v ry
a li tt l u s s ee e e

hi g h r nl e gu r i n
es sg b i n
ea tro d d Fe b tt l h i p b
u ce . or a es s , su

m ri n a nd f
es , a t v l g n r ll y on i d r bly high r p
as es s e s e e a a c s e a e ro

p e ll r e p d
s i ll
ee w b ls a b t th
o a pe, i l u w h i h h v
e s e are s ec a cas e s c a e

to b o id r d p r t ly S t ti o ry Di l gin f th
e c ns e e se a a e . a na ese en es o e

s lo w p d typ th
s ee e t high r r t f r vol ti on th n
u s r un a a e a e o e u a

t h m ri n
e a g i n e ent h w i g ht
e, f w h ei h i the r f or o m o c s e e e s e

wh t in x a e f th l d
ces s O g i n e d an t h p en o p i d i
e, an e s ace ccu e s

r th r gr t r N tro bl i how v r xp ri e d i n th
a e ea e . o u e s e e e e nce e

d i g n f th
es Olo w r e g is n ed w ren th r ne , a
n y n t i l e e e e a e s se a

di fli lty i th
cu on tr t i o
n e c di ff r n
s uc i n th n , or o o my e e ce e ec n ,

i t w o ld f o ru o b d i bl to
c u se e a rifi om thing i th
v sa e sa c ce s e n e

p p ro ll er ffiei n y e nd c e c th i a g i n runt h i g h r p s d en e a a e s ee ,

b t u h i how v r n t th
s uc s e e o e ca se .

O f p r ti l r i mp ort n
a cu a wi th m ri n a ngi ce i th q a e e nes s e ue s

ti o n f r p i d v ri t i o
O a f p d b tw
a a n o wi d r g
s ee e ee n a e an e,

na m l y b twe th
e een
p d or e p o ns d i g
ee to sf ll v c l re s n u es s e

s p d
ee nd d a d l o w ea A n il s g i. f t h D i O l ty p en l d ne O e e se e en s

i t lf r di ly to
se ea h p r ti o i i t i only m tt r f
s uc O e a n s nce s a a e O

r g l ti ng th q a ti ty f f l dmi tt d to th yli nd r
e u a e u n O ue a e e c e s,
15 0 DI ES EL E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR INE WO R K
w ic h hi s ca r ri
th th t m o t
ed o ut by h d In l w
wi e u s e as e an . s o

s p d
ee n g ien nn i n g n
es ruor m ll y t bo t 1 0 0 to 1 3 0 v l a a a u re o u

ti o n p s mi n t 40 r vol ti o n p mi n t
er u e, e n b bt i n d
u s er u e ca e O a e ,

whi h i c l w
s as r q i r d whil wi th high r p d ng i n
o as e u e , e e s ee e es

th mi ni m m p d
e u n t m S h bov thi ; f i n t n
ee Is o uc a e s or s a ce ,
a

B H P m rin ngin f M r C rel on tr t i

. . . a e e e o e ss s . a s
’
c s uc on

wi t h t p p d f bo t 25 0 r vo l ti on p
a O s ee o a mi n t
u n b e u s er u e ca e

bro ght d own b y h nd r g l ti on to 40 r vol ti on p

u a e u a e u s er

mi nut tho gh e, h u wi d v ri ti on i n t lw y
s uc a tt i n e a a s o a a s a a

a bl wi tho t p i l r ng m nt A nov l m thod t

e u s ec a ar a e e s . e e o

O bt in g t r r du ti on f p d th n i
a a rea e e c il y p o i b l o s ee a s ea s ss e

wi th th ordi n ry d i gn f Di
e a l m ri n es ngin nd to ese a e e e, a o

g i v ve ry r
e p id n d a o n v n i n t m a vr i n g
c i th t e f e a ne u , s a o

M r Co k ri ll wh
e ss s . c e d v lop ing n , g i n
o a re f i x y li e e a en e o s c n

d r in tw
e s t f th wi th o pli ng i n th mi ddl wh i h
o se s O ree , a c u e e c

i s cap b l a f di
e o o nn t i n g n t
sc fro m t h ec oth r T h o e se e e . e

e ng in r mot fro m th p rop ll r h ft h

e e e o pl d to it
e e e s a as c u e an

i
a r c ompr or in th ordin ry r nni ng th tw h lv f
e ss e a u ,
e o a es o

th ngin
e e o pl d tog th r nd th m hi n run
e are c u e e n e a e ac e s as a

ordi ry i x yli d r fo y l motor d th p d n b

na s -
c n e ur c -
c e , an e s ee ca e

v ri d to l rg xt nt in th ordi n ry w y F v ry l w
a e a a e e e e a a . or e o

s p d
ee t h
s t w h e l v d i
o o n n at d n
esd t ha re n h lf sc ec e ,
a e o e a

d ri v es th i ompr or whi h ppli o mp r d i

e a r c es s c su es c e sse a r

di r t ly to th oth r h lf f th
ec e g i e w hi h th
a n r u n o e en ne , c e s as

a n i motor
a r d th p d , ann f o r b r d
e s d to
ee it ca ,
o c u se , e e u ce su

a ny q i r m nt
re u e Wh n m e vring th m rr n g
s . e an oeu e sa e a a e

m nt i e d op t d
s a d l o i n r v r i ng
e an ltho gh a s e e s , a u , as

m nt i on d l t r
e e p a e i l m g , r ha s to bec a bro g ht i n
ca t ea as e u o

p l y a w h n t he n gi n i r n
e e n i n g t r e s u as e n .

Th Di l ngin f th l nd typ h b n d v lop d

‘

e es e e e o e a e as ee e e e ,

as f g
ar a s r l d i
en e a
g n n d o n t t i o n
es o n a n d o mc s r uc a re c cer e , s e

w h t n th li
a o f th g
e i
n es O
g n n d h n t h e tr n k
a s en e, a e ce e u

p o i t
s i on h b n w
as ll n i g h n i v
ee r ll y d o p
e t d l tho g h t
u h e sa a e ,
a u e

se p r t
a a e ro h c d d i g nss w tr
ea i d by o m
es m k r n d as e s e a e s a

a b don d i t n i t t d hor t r pi ton nd g v l

an e , as ece s s a e s e s s a a e es s

b ri ng rf
ea su Wi th m ri na ce .
g in ho w v r t h q a e en es , e e ,
e u es

ti o n f t h o mp loym t f th
e e p r t ro en h d bO o m e se a a e c ss ea ec es

mor d b t b l
e e hi fly owi g to th i mp ort n j t ly
a a e, c e n e a ce us
15 2 DI E S E L E NGINE S FOR LAND AND MA R INE W OR K

sol t i o n A r
u .rd pi ton ooli ng th Di l gi n i mor
s e
g a s s c e es e en e s e

f vo
a b ly p l
ura d th n th xplo i o typ f i nt rn l m
ac e a e e s n e o e a co

b usti i th r i m or ti m f
on , s nce th h t to be e ri ds e e or e ea e ca r e

a w y by th j
a k t w t r nd th t m p r t r
e ac ef th pi to a e ,
a e e e a u e o e s n

do es no t ri to th m xt nt Th xh t v lv i
se e sa e e e . e e a us a es n

m ri n
a g i n e w
enh i h t h o nl y
es , o li b l to tro
c b l a re e nes a e u e

th o gh ov rh ting n v ry onv ni ntly b ool d by th

r u e ea , ca e c e e e c e e

sa m w t r e i a e d f th yli nd r j k t Th w t r
as s use or e c e ac e s . e a e

e nt r the s bo dy f th v lv i g whi h rv
e o g i de a e cas n c se es a s a u e

for th v l v e d nd p a i nto th v lv
e ro , t whi h i f
a a s se s e a e sea ,
c s O

a box for m d th p thro

, an g h t h ho ll o w v l ve nce ud n d u e a e ro a

ou t thro g h th t p u Wi th r g rd to th e h g f b
o . e a e c oo n o e ar

i g i f for d l bri t i o i
n s, ce mp loy d u i th ca wi th o m n s e e , as s e case s e

typ f Di l m ri ngin th i l i p d thro gh

es o es e a ne e e, e O s a sse u an

O i l oo l r
c lly r
e d
u s ua
g i n t h b d p l t b t w i th
a ra n e t h e e -
a e, u e

ordi ry m thod f l bri ti on th b ri g

na e O w t r ool d u ca e ea n s a re a e c e

by br h ff th m i ylind r ooli g w t r pply

anc es O e a n c e c n a e su

i
p p e s .

G r t tt ti on h to b p i d to th rr g m nt f
ea a en as e a e a an e e s or

th e su pp ly f v g O i i n s ca t w y l
en e a r n g i n n d t h a o c -
c e e e, a e

p o i tn i f v
s O g r t e r i menp ort n w i th
ea em t f t h t w a ce e e rs o e o

cy l do bl ti g typ S i th
c e u e ac n v g p mp e . n ce e s ca en e u s are

suc h vi t l d t il f th gi n th y
a a e a o w v ry fr q nt ly
e en e e a re n o e e ue

m d i n d p li t f
a e u m i ca e w ork wi th th or i n gl a r ne ti n g e s e ac

tw o c -
y l gi whil i do bl ti g gi i t i dvi bl
c e en ne , e n u e ac n en nes s a sa e

to h v a v g p mp f
e o n e s ca h worki g yli nd r d
en e u or e a c n c e , an

thi rr g m t i lik ly to b g r lly dopt d Wh

s a an e en s e e e ne a a e . en

tw o v g p mp
s ca en e mp loy d f u th s i gl
are e ti g e or e s n e ac n

en g i h
ne , e a ci m d f bo
s t 6 0 p a t
e O f t h fa ll u
g i n er cen . o e u en e

ca p i
ac ty or r th r m or a th t e i n t h v t f br
e , so k d o w a e e en O ea n

of no p m ep th
u di b l ,
m n t w oe l d t b v
sa ry e ri o e u no e e se us .

Th e en gi too i
ne , o m t i m di,
v i d d
s s i nto t w e t i o n th
es t e o sec s, a

i to
s y sa 6 y
,
li nda r gi n
-
c i tr t d e t w 3
en yli d r
e s ea e as o -
c n e

engi nd
n es , a 4 yli nd r a tw 2 yli d r
-
c g i e as d o -
c n e en nes , a n o ne

s ca v g p mp ordin ri ly ppli
en e u h h lf f th gi
a su es e a c a O e en ne .

Th e sca v g p mp wi th do bl ti g gin
en e u s r gd u e ac n en e s are a ran e

o n th ek h fti ng i
c ra n li s wi t h th w orki g yh d
a n ne e n c n ers ,

p r f r
e e a b l y h l f t h a d w h a
g oo
eac d b l i en
g ff ,
t en a a a nc n e ec
 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR MAR INE W OR K 15 3

may b e bt in d by p rop r di p o i ti on f th r nk ngl

O a e a e s s o e c a a e s,

tho gh th r
u oth r m thod dop t d d ri b d l t r
e e a re e e s a e , es c e a e .

Wi th i gl s n ti ng gi n th
e ac v g p mp m y i th r
en es e s ca en e u s a e e

b e o n th nd f t h
e e nk h f t or rr ng d i n front
O e cra f th s a a a e O e

en g i n e d d ianv by l v rr w h i h h
en th d v t g
e f
e s, c as e a an a e o

a ll o wi g thn r nk h ft to b i n tw i nt r h g bl h lv
e c a s a e o e c an ea e a es ,

w hi h w o ld
c t oth rwi
u b p o i bl
no nd l o m k
e th
se e ss e, a a s a es e

r mbl n f th gin to t m gin mo m rk d

ese a ce o e en e a s ea en e re a e ,

whi h tho gh pp r tly

c u m ll m tt r i w ll worthy f
a a en a s a a e s e o

c on i d r t i on I t m t b t t d th t ltho gh t l t tw
s e a . us e s a e a a u a ea s o

s ca v g p mp
en e dvi b l f
u tw
s are a trok gin th y sa e or o s -
e en es e

a re n t o nt i l
e sse nd i n o m a ,
f a B HP i gl s e ca s e s O . . . s n e

ac ti g m ri n gi o nly n p mp i mp loy d dri v ff

n a e en ne s o e u s e e en O

th e en d f th or nk h ft nd in lin wi th th worki ng
e c a s a a a e e

c y lind r e s .

I th d i g n f
n e v ng p mp th fir t p oint f i mport
es o s ca e e u s e s o

a n ce i th p rovi i on f n mp l
s e s
pp ly f i b t
o i t ia di f fi a e su o a r, u s

c u l t to y w h sa t ho l d b t h x
a t ps i ty f t
u h p m p e e e ac ca ac O e u s

re a l ti v to th w orki ng yli nd r vol m

e e Th t i t m t b c e u e . a us e

in x e f th l tt r i
ces s o g r d e n d fa or di n ery m s a i n ee a or a ar e

e ng in nd
es a l o l w p d l nd ngi n a s o f th tw s eeyl a e es O e o c -
c e

typ e,th v l m e f th o u v ng p mp i fr qu ntly m d

e O e s ca e e u s e e a e

a bo t 25 p
u n t gr t r th n th working ylind r b t
er ce . ea e a e c e ,
u

i n hi gh p d s g i n ee t h di ff r en
n m y b es m h e 5 0 e e ce a e as uc as

p er ce n t T h . v n i
g g n i d o
e s ca n t n t r th e y li d r a r es o e e e c n e s

di r t b t p
ec , u th o gh r i v r
as s es lly f m ll di m n
r u a e ce e ,
u sua o s a e

i on w h i h i d i b l fro m th p o int f vi w f ll o wing

s, c s es r a e e O e o a
—
s

th p e r to r p y r i d nd k p t on t nt p rti
ressu e b i d l e a a se a e c s a a a

cu ar l ly i mp ort nt m tt r f m rin a
g i n w h na ve r i n g or a e en es e re e s .

I n m o t f th tw s O y l gi n whi h h v hi th rto b n
e o c -
c e en es c a e e ee

b ilt f m in work th d mi i on f v ng i i ri d
u or ar e e a ss o s ca e e a r s ca r e

ou t th o gh v lv
r u t t d by l v r i n t rn p r t d by
a es a c ua e e e s u O e a e

ca m n th
s o m h ft j t e ca th xh t v lv in th fo r
s a ,
us as e e au s a es e u

c y l ngi
c e e Th rr ng m nt dopt d by M r S l r
ne . e a a e e a e es s s . u ze

i s s h wn in F i g 4 9 tw
o v g v lv b i g mploy d f
.
, o s ca en e a es e n e e or

eac h yli d r n
c n e h i d f th f ll i nl t v lv I
,
o e on ea c S e O e u e a e . n

th e fi t p o i t i o i F i g 4 9 th pi to n i
rs s n nt th t p d d . e s s a e o ea

ce ntr en d th a f l v l i p e t d m
ue i t t h i l
a ve i t h s O en o a e O ,
n e
15 4 DI ES EL ENGI NE S F OR LAND AND MA R INE W OR K

th ird p o i ti on th xh t p ort
s e e f l ly
a us ov r d th s are u u nc e e , e

e xh t g b i g c ll d by th i o mi g i
a us as e n e e e nc n a r .

F l rg r
or a gi n
e v l v
en i o v
es , ia t f t h d
e s a re m nc n e n e n or e a ls

sio n of th v g i ow i g t th i
e s ca en e a r it t d t
n o e s ze ne cess a e o
 15 6 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE W OR K

g a s ema y b e
s r j t d d th pr r m h r d d b for
e ec e an e essu e uc e u ce e e

the ai r i s a dmi tt d w hil n th p trok th v ng p ort

e , e o e u s e e s ca e e s,

o f o r c u se , are c lo d b for th xh t p ort

se e e e e a us s .

A i S fro m th di gr m w h i h r p r
s s een e nt r l t i v ly t h
a a c e ese s e a e e

a p p rox i m t l g t
a eh f t h penor t t h d rO t i o f et h p r i o d s, e u a n o e e

f or th d mi i o
e a f v nging i i m ll nd h
ss n O s ca e th a r s s a a en ce e

v lo i ty m t b hi gh Thi
e c us e m to p oi nt to r l t i v ly
. s s ee s e a e

l rg p r
a e r f v gi g i to gi v th r q i i t vol m
essu e o s ca en n a r, e e e u s e u e,

b t thi i volv m or w or k f th p mp whil

u s n es e l w pr or e u s, e a o es

su er it t
nece s s h vi r nd l rg r ylind r p ip
a es ea e a d a e c e s, es an

v lva es A o mpro m i
. c h th r for to b tr k nd se as e e e e s uc , a as

p r vei o ly m us n t i o n d t he t l p r e r ,i lly b
e ac ua t w n essu e s usua e ee

3 nd 8 lb p
a q .i n h der sp d . t n t h c
p , d ef t h en n g i n en o e s ee o e e e .

Th whol e f th l gth f th e O ylind r o pi d by t h

e en o e c e ccu e e

v ri o p ort i pr ti lly w t d fro m th p oi nt f vi w f

a us s s ac ca as e e o e O

p o w r e p ro d t i o n d uc t h y li n d , r vo
an l m i th r ef or c e u e s e e e

r l ti v ly l rg r th n wi th fo r y l gi whi h i
e a e a e a a u -
c c e en ne , c s o ne

o f th hi f r e c o why i t i i mp o i bl to g t t wi th p ow r
e ea s ns s ss e e ce e e

fro m tw a y l m otor co mp d wi th fo r y l ngin f

o c -
c e a re a u -
c c e e e O

th e sa m i R o g h ly , o m e 25 p
e s ze . u t f th ylin d r s e r c en . O e c e

vol m in tw y l p ort d gin i n t v il bl f

u e a o c -
c e e en e s o a a a e or

use u f l work f p o w r p ro d ti o o w hi l f
e th m ruc on n, e or e sa e ea s

a long p i ton h s to b dopt d tho gh thi i mi ni mi d by

as e a e ,
u s s ze

th mp loy m t f
e e ro h d nd o ting d
en O a c ss ea a c nn e c ro .

M th d e f R v
o s o i n g Di l E n gi n
e er s — Th p rob l m es e es . e e

o f r v r i bi li ty h
e e s n v r b n as f ri o i mp ort n
e e ee o ne O se us a ce

wi th Di l E gi nes e in i t i b ut
n es , m tt r f d t i l to
s ce s a a e o e a

r dr
en e ngi nan pe b l f re n n i gca i n a i th r e d i r tOi o n u n e e ec .

Th ol e s i ty i r v
e n e ce s s i g i to r ng t h v lv m h n
n e ers n s a ra e e a e ec a

i m
s th t th v lv p n t di ff r t p ri od r l ti v to
SO a e a es O e a a e en e e a e

th p o i t i o n f th
e s r k or pi to
o e c an d t hi i n t n i d p n s n , an s ur s e e

d t o l ly n th p o i ti on
en s e O f the m whi h op r t th
s s O e ca s c e a e e

v ri o v lv
a us a In fo r y l
es . ngi a th xh t t rt
u -
c c e e ne e e aus , s a

i g
n ,
i a rd m i iao n d f ss l d m i ,
i o an v l v llue h v at ss n a es a a e o

O p n e t ad i ff ra t t i m w he en th g i n i r
e n i g i n t
en h e en e s un n e

r v dir ti o I tw y l m otor wi th xh t p ort

e e rse ec n . n a o c -
c e e aus s,

on ly th ve s ca i
g g v lv en f l i nl t v l v a d te,r t i g
ue v l v n e a e an s a n a e

a re a ff t d wh i l i f
ec e ,
v g p ort b dopt d th f l d
e s ca en e s e a e e ue an
 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR MAR I NE WOR K 15 7

t rt ing v lv lOn h v to b p r t d I n om typ f

s a a e a e a e e O e a e . s e es o
re v r i bl gi n t r ting i ff t d by m n f th
e s e en es , s a s e ec e ng ea sO e s ca ve
ling i
p m
a r
p i n w hu i h th r i b t c i g l v l v
e e d s m to
u a s n e a e an ca

op r t
e a e i n r v r i n g th e g ie s d t h e en d v n t g f
ne , a nt h e a a a e O e
tw y l ngin ov r th fo r y l i th m tt r f r v r i ng
o c -
c e e e e e u -
c c e n e a e O e e s

i s ppa r n t i n
a e i m p li i
s ty i ce f s h m o cm n t i n ms O ri su c e a ne
w ork .

I n m ri n ag i n t h
e or
end i ry ty
es , p fe hor i o t l na m e O z n a ca

h ft h to b dopt d nd th rr g m nt f m follow
S a as e a e , a e a an e e O ca s s
on t h li e f th t f ne s O t ti o ry work Th r
a or s a na
g r ll y . e e a re e ne a

S
p ki n
ea
g t w m tho d o d o p t d e f r v s ar i n g D i e l g i n or e e s ese en es

w hi h p ro c o mpri i n ff t th lt r ti on f th ti mi g
ce s s c s es , e ec , e a e a o e n
O f th p i
e O
g f t hen n v l v O T h r em a t bv i
es o . l y b t w e e us O us e o

t f m th t i tw m or i t q i v l nt f
se s o ca s, a s o ca s h m s e u a e or e a c ca

l v r p r t i ng
e e O v lv
e a d th m thod hi th r to mp loy d
a a e, an e e s e e e

h v o i t d ith r i n h vi ng tw t f m n th m
a e c ns s e e e a o se s O ca s o e sa e
hori ont l h f t d movi g th h ft longi t din lly wh
z a s a , an n e s a u a en

r v r i g or l th r
e e s n , t w di ti
e se t m h ft i th r f
e e are o s nc ca s a s, e e o

w hi h m y b m ov d
c a e t ll o w i t
e so a sm to t t th
o a s ca s a c ua e e

ca m l v r th oth r h f t b i g th n
e e , e e s t f r
a
g e n f t h e ou O an e O e

l v r
e e s Th r . f o r
e e are v i o modi fi ti o b t
o c u se ar us ca ns , u

S p ki
ea
g g rn lly t h m
en e a i p i i p l e d r i
a nb d r nc t es e sc e are no

d p r t d fro m
e a e
—
.

A u xi l i i f Di
a r es l S hi p or In es e g r l o i d s r a e ne a c ns e a

ti o f th q
n o ti o e f th ues d op ti o n O f w typ
e a f g i n O a ne e o en ne

f or m i ar nero
p p l i o t h m y
u s xn, i li ry epp li an n au a a a n ce s o

s hi p h v to b r m mb r d th i r i mport n b i g i ly
s a e e e e e e ,
e a ce e n eas

g au g d fro
e m t h f t th t th y e ac ll y r qa i r o me 2 0 t
u s ua 25 e u e s e o

p e r ce n t f t h p . o w
O r f t he m i g
e i o f th e i r p r
a n ent i o ne or e O e a n .

F or m y y r p t th r h
an ea s b n t nd n y to r pl
as e e as ee a e e c e a ce

t m dri v
s ea -
xi li ri
en au d mp loy l tri
a es an m t e f e ec c e e rs or

th i r d i v th dv nt g f thi from th p oi t f
e r e, e a a a e o s e n O

vi w e f O o no my i n p r tio o nv ni n
ec O e a b n n, f c e e ce , a se ce o

t ndby lo
s a nd voi d
ss e s , a f tro bl thro g h fr
a a n ce O i g u e u ee z n

b in g t o
e a
pp r n t
n ce T h a d o p
a et i o n .f l tr i i
e ty a f o e ec c or

d ri vi g ll hi p xi li ri m S th r for to b th lt i
’
n a s s au a es s e e e e e e e u

m t a e s ol ti o i n v l f mod r t d l rg i nd thi
u n esse s o e a e an a e s ze , a s

me t h o d i to b d
s opt d n e ao m f t h e b i go D i sl g i e o
e e ese en n
 15 8 D I E S EL E NGIN E S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WOR K
ve s sels no w b
o tr t d
ei ng c ns uc e . D i es e l engi nes are e m p l oy ed

for the d yn mo d i v
a nd th rr e, a e elati v ly g r t o n o m y
e ea ec co m

FIG . 51 .
—S t ea m dri ven Co m p res s o r
-
.

p a re d th t m gi n mph
wi s ea en es e a si zes the tot al sa vi g i n
n

f l i n th v
ue l nd t hi i p r ti
e esse ,
a s s a cula rly th in
e ca se c o mp ri a

son wi th v l who xi li ri
e s se s se au a e s are t m dri v n i n
s ea e , S ce

th w t f l
e f h m hi n
a s e u n es s O s uc ac es i n otori o
s us .

Wi th ll D i l hi p i t i q i t
a e se s s s u e e s en
s ti l t h t
a ond i
a a sec a r
1 60 D I E S EL E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
c o mpr or ho ld b v il bl p t from th n d i v
ess s u e a a a e a ar e o e r en

di r t ff th
ec g i f t
O h pp ly f hi h
g p er r i
en ne , or e su o e ss u e a r,

sin m h i
ce S O d wh n m n i nguc nd br kd ow s use e a oeuvr ,
a a ea n

o f th p mp w o ld r nd r th v
e u l h lpl if th r w r u e e e es s e e e ss e e e e

b ut o ne .

It is o
c ncei v bl t h t
a e a the m ai n engi ne ma y make a fe w
r vol ti on t p f f w mi n t nd th n b r q i r d t
e u s, s e or a e u es a e e e u e o

r v r nd d ri ng thi p ri od i t i l r th t th o mpr or
e e se , a u s e s c ea a e c e ss

o n th m i n e gi na nn ot i
ent lf f n
e cai h ffi i t i f se t hi ur s su c en a r or s

w ork I nd d i t mi ght b n
. ee , ry to m vr th w hol
e e ce s s a a n oeu e e e

en g i w
ne i th i w h n g o i g q
a r i t l o w ley n d f th ni p p ru o e s , a or s u se

a n xi li y ompr or f l rg p i ty m t b in t ll d
au ar c e ss O a e ca ac us e s a e .

E xp ri e wi ll d t r mi n
ence v t lly wh t p i ty thi
e e e e en u a a ca ac s

au xi li ry m hin ho l d b b t th pr ti t pr t i
a ac e s u e, u e ac ce a e se n s

to m k i t from h lf to thr q rt r th p i ty f th
a e a ee -
ua e s e ca ac o e

c o mpr or n th ngi n i t lf
e ss o e e e se .

Wh n t m i provi d d n th v l ( l t r ) i n rd r
e s ea s e o e esse se e a e , o e

to work th rgo wi h t ri g g r nd oth r xi h y

e ca nc e s , s ee n ea a e au ar

m hi n ry th
ac e xi h y o m p r
, e au or i ar lly dri v n by
c es s s u su a e a

t m gin
s ea en d F i g 5 1 ho w
e, an o mpr or f R
. s ll s a c es s o ea v e

8 C 5 O typ wi th n n lo d t m gi f d i vi ng i t
.
’
S e a e c se s ea en ne or r ,

whi l F i g 5 2 ho w
e . i mi l r o mp r
s or wi th
s a s p a ty c
p es s an O en e

en g i ne s ui t b l f a He P D i
or a l g i th ty p . . es e en ne , ese es

h ving both b
a pp li d f d i f
e en s uf r t v l e F vor l e en es s e s . or e sse s

i n wh i h t m c s ea xi li ry o as an a u f pow r i ta d s ur ce O e s no u se ,

th ompr or m y b d i v n by Di l gin d thi

e c ess a e r e a es e en e, an s

p r t
aci i ce l r d y b
s i g
a d o
eap t d e n a e .

I ddi t i o n to th i q
n a ti o n f m s vri g i t i d i r b l
u es o a n oeu n s es a e

to h v a ompr or whi h n b f m ll r di m i o
e a c ess ,
c ca e o s a e e ns ns ,

wh i h i c p b
s l f ca l
pp y g ai n ei f
o filli nsug th t rt i n g a r or e s a

bottl i n es , th w ho l ca s e f th i e ho ld b lo t wh th e O e a r s u e s , en e

v l i t hor f om ti m or i l i d by Th
es s e s a a nc or s e e, s a . es e

s m ll r m hi n
a e ac b dri v n by e s ca n m ll t m e g i n e i f a s a s ea en e,

th v e lh
e ss e t mf xi li ry work by n l tri m ot r
as s e a or a u a ,
a e ec c o ,

or by m ll i l gi a s a O en ne .

F v ry l rg Di l gi
or e a e h will b r q ir d i n
es e en ne s su c as e e u e

l rg
a hi p in th
e S s r f t r high po w r ind p nd t m
e n ea u u e, e e e en co

p r o
es s w ill
rs b r q i r d d th
e e w i l
ul e ril
, yanb d r i v e e se n e cess a e n
1 6 2 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
by ind ependen t engi ne s . A c mp ess o r or i t bl su a e for D i e s el
a

e ngi ne of HP . . as de s i gne d by M r e ss s . R e a vell, is

sh own in F i g . 53 .

I t i s of the v rti l thr t g typ by whi h v lv in

e ca , ee s a-
e e, c a es

th i nt r m di t
e e tg e nti r ly di p
a e s a d wi th
e are e l dye s e ns e , a s a r ea

d es cri b d i n Ch pt r I I I nd th onl y di ff r
e a e , i n on t
a e e e nce c s rue

ti on i th t i n thi l rg m hi n ll f th thr t g
s a s a e ac e a O e ee s a es a re

p l a ced bov t h
a r n k e t
e c a m p l oy r n
, k h ft
s o as f t h o e a c a s a o e

high p d typ wi th th worki ng p rt r ni g nd r for d

s ee e, e a s un n u e ce

l bri ti o
u ca Thi nompr or h
. s c p i ty f es s li tr as a ca ac o es

p er m i n t w i th
u e d li v ry p r a r f e 8 5 k il o g r
e m p e ssu e O
q a s er s .

ce nt i m tr wi th
e e
p d f 2 5 0 r vo
a s l t i o ee p m i o t d r i e u ns er nu e v en

by t m gi f a s ea en HP ne o M hi n f thi . . ac es o s co n

s tr ti on
uc lr d y b i g m d f
are a ea Di l e n g i f t ha e or es e en nes o e

l rg t i
a es y t
s ze o tr t
e d c ns uc e .

It i bvi o th t v ry i t bl r g m nt f t h
s O us a a e su a e a ra n e e or e

O p r
e a t i o n f t h x i h
o i i n
e au m ll v lar e so ld b by m s a e sse s c u e co

p r e s se d i w h il d
a r, r i v i g he x i l i ri n n b su c m au a es a s ca e a eco

m d t d i n th
o a e g i n roo m
e en di r t ff t h e r rv g ,i n ec O e ese e en e

o pl d to th ompr or Thi m thod h b n dop t d

c u e e c ess . s e as ee a e

in om s th dy
e ca ses mo d o m p mp b i g d i
e na an n s e u s e n r ve

by th xili ry gin whil th t ring g r nd oth

e au a en e e e s ee ea a er

au xi h i dr i v n by o m p r
ar e s a re d i
e c e ss e a r .

I n vi w f th f t th t e o em h xp ri ac ha b nso uc e e e nce as ee

obt in d wi th t m dri v
a e s ea xili ri p rti l rly win h
-
en a u a es , a cu a c es ,

wi dln d t
asse s a n i ng g r it h s eer b n prop o d th t v ea , as ee se a e en

i n Di l eseg i n bo t
en h e m tho d f
a s, p r t i o
s uc b t i l l e O O e a n e s

e mp loy d Thi e .
gg t i o n sh su i f t b
es n d o p t d as , n ac , ee a e ,

n ot bly i th
a n t n v e l q i pp d wi th o H P
es s e e u e a . .

Di ese l gi n enb i lt by e, M r u R i h r d o W t g rt h
e ss s 8 . c a s n, es a 5

C o .L td
,
Th rr g m nt
. e a it tan th i n t ll ti o n
e e ne cess f a es e s a a o

a do k y boi l r to
n e pp l ye t h t m su d t hi m y b e s ea , an s a e con

ve ni tly il fir d tho gh i t h
en o e b n pr po d to t ili
,
u as ee e se u ze

th e xh t ge a us fro m th m in a ses g i n f t h p p re a en e or e u o se .

Th i m s i how v r r ly pr ti bl i n
ea ns s, e e ,
s ca ce p i ac ca e, s ce , e s ec

a lly i tw h y l gin th h t v i l bl i t ffi i t
o c -
c e en es , e ea a a a e s no su c en

f or th work i t h e to o mpli h tho gh p o i bly if th

as a cc s ,
u ss e

n mbu f t m dri v
er o s ea xi li ri b li mit d to th wi n h
-
en a u a es e e e c es
1 64 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
al tho gh i t i d i r bl p rh p to rr ng f o m f th
u s es a e e a s a a e or s e o e

e xh t g a us fro m th m in Di
a se s l ngi n to b p e a d e se e e e asse

thro gh th xi li ry t m boil r d ing th whol voy g

u e au a s ea e ur e e a e

S O as to k p th w t r t boiling p oint nd n bl t m t
ee e a e a a e a e s ea o

b r pi dly r i d ho ld n m rg n y ri
e a a se S u a e e e c a se .

Th r i e e t i gl
s no xi li ry
a s n d t e au whi h h n t a use a sea c as o

fr q ntly b n l tri ll y d i v
e ue ee e ec i n t m hi p wi th nt i r
ca r en s ea s s e e

sa ti f ti on nd h n i n Di l hi p wh r in th ordin ry
s ac , a e ce e se s s e e e a

w y n
a t m i v i l bl it i b t q ti on f ti m b f or
o s ea s a a a e, s u a ue s o e e e

a ll xih i
au whi h a r es ot b d i v n di r tly ff th xi
c c a nn e r e ec o e au

li y o mpr
ar c or gin will b op r t d l tri lly nd
es s en e e e a e e ec ca a

t k th ir p ow r from th m in dyn mo Th q ti o
a e e e e a a . e ues n as

t o wh th r th e d y m o ho ld b
e e na p r t ly d risv n b u
y e se a a e e

a n oth r D i el g i or
e se ff t h
en x i li
ne , ry o m p r o or g i e au a c e ss en ne

d p d
e en n th s o i f th hi p nd th orr p o ding xih
e s ze O e s a e c es n au

ar y p o w r r q i e d b t e t h
u re x il, i ry ou m p r asor i t e au a c e ss s ou

O f op r t i on f e a l o n g p ri o d r or on f onomy m y wi th
e s, ea s s o ec a

f ty
sa e th l tt r
ca u s e rr g m nt to b dop t d v n i n
e a e a an e e e a e e e

m od r t ly l rg e a e hi p a e s s .

M nti on m y p rh p b m d
e a e t thi p oi n t f th fi t
a s e a e a s o e rs

bo t to b p rop ll d by Di l gin t ny r t in t hi
a e e e es e en es , a a a e s

c oun try whi h w , rgo rryi g t g or to wi ng b rg

c as a ca -
ca n u , a e

f or th L d e nd Li v rp ool C n l Co mp ny f
ee s a e n a a a ,
or us e o

th ir e l I t w b i lt in 1 9 0 4 to th d i g
ca n a . as u nd un d e es ns , a er

th e su
p rin t d e f th eni C o n l
e nce o t i n g E g i n r M
e r L w i su n ee , r . e s

A S m rt
. f L o d on wh
a , o bj t d i t t
n , i o su f p ec e O a ser es o ro

g i
re ss ve tr i l q u rt r l o
a s, d d h lf
a l o ed d d f ll
a y l oe d d, a a e an u a e ,

wi th d wi tho t On or tw b rg
an u in t w
e Th di m o a es o . e en

s io f thi bo t w r
ns O s follo w
a — L gth 6 1 ft B m 1 3 ft
e e as s en , .
,
ea .

9 in Dr ght 3 ft 1 0 in forw rd nd ft w h
.
,
au , . lo d d
. a a a en a e

wi th 3 0 to f rgo nd 1 4 wt f f l th h ll b i g n
ns o ca a c . O ue ,
e u e n a

e x t d pli t f th b rg prop ll d by omp ound t m

ac u ca e o e a es , e e c s ea

en gi f w
nes , oh i h th t o m p c y h d m a n y t
c w or k n dand t a a a , a a a

o f who p rf orse m e w v il b l
an c e s f o m p iaso n w i tah a a e or c ar s

th D i e l g i
es e bo t en T h neD i l n
a gi . i t ll d w e e se e ne ns a e as a.

tw o c
y li
-
d i n g l t
er ,i g f
s no r troe ack y l m notor , f t h u -
s e c c e , o e

ordi n y l d typ wi th yli d r 210 milli m tr di m t

ar an e, c n e s e es a e er

by 3 40 milli m tr trok e d es orm l p

s d f 240 re
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 DIE S E L E NGI NE S F OR MAR I NE WOR K 1 65

o o p mi nut t whi h th p ow r d v lop d w

v luti ns er e, a c e e e e e as

a bo t 3 5 B H P Th f lly lo d d t t how d th t
u . . . e u a e es s e a ,

wi th f l i l t 4 0 0d p
ue O a t n th
8 . o t w l th n
. er e e c s as ess a

r a
fi t h f o
p nn ay p e t n p m iler w h n e tr v lli n g er t e e a e a

a n v r g p d f 3 28 mil p ho nd r f i
a e a e s ee O es l er ur u e a r can a

c no di ti on to d pth f w t r t nd b q nt x
s as e o a e ,
e c .
, a su se ue e

p i
er e n ce ,n d r u w or kie n g o n di t i o n o fi r m c d th i fi g r s, c n e s u e .

Th p d we s ee li g htly gr t r th n th t m d i v n b rg
as s ea e a e s ea -
r e a es ,

a nd tho gh low w
u s th m xi m m p rmi i bl
, as e n th a u e ss e o e

ca n l w hi h h d
a c hydr li a a ti on f only bout 1 9 0
au c sec o a

s q r f t At th h lf lo d d t t th o t f f l il
ua e ee . e a a e es e c s or ue O

p er t n m
o i l w e0 1 4 p as w h il w h n t h
e nce , b r g n e e e a es co

t i a ne d onl y 25 p a n t l o d th er ce o t h d ri n to O26
. a ,
e c s a se
'

p n
e ce T. h f l i l
e
p ueB H PO p hoer w . 4 2. l b 4. 5 l b er ur as .
, .

a nd 4 8 lb r p . ti v ly f f ll h lf nd q rt r lo d r i d
es ec e or u , a a ua e a s ca r e

by th bo t nd i t w int r ting to ot th t th H P f th
e a s, a as e es n e a e . . o e

e n gi n r m i n d p r
e e a ti lly o t t d th t th p d f
e ac ca c ns a n ,
an a e S ee o

th e bo t v ri d wi th th w ight f th t w A o tr t
a a e e e O e o . c n as

o f Di l ese
g i en u n es t m vers s g i n w i th th
s ea bo il en es e ers

b ni ng ok t 9 0d p t n how d th t th f l bill f
ur c e a 8 . . er o , s e a e ue or

t h form r w
e e b t 35 p as u t f th l tt r nd th oth r
er cen . o e a e ,
a e e

c h rg a in
es h e ac w r p r ti lly i d ti l
ca se e e Th ac ca en ca . e re

v i g in th
ers n f th D i
e ca se o l g i w e by l
es e t h d
en ne as a c u c ,
an

p er h p a n s f
o t h e m Oo t i n t r e t i g f st bro g ht
e es to n e a ur e s u

li g ht w th hi th rt o n
as e p e t d pu i ty f
su s t h D i
ec e l ca ac o e ese

en g i n to
e u n ffi r i n t ly e t w i d
c e l y v ry i g p a d t h e a n s ee s, e

en g i n i ne q t i o n h
ue s v i g p rov d iat lfn p b l f w or k i
e n g se ca a e O

a t ny p d fro m 6 0 to 27 0 r vol ti on p
a S ee mi t e u s er nu e .
 CHAP TE R VI I

C O NS TR UC T I O N O F TH E D I E S E L M AR I NE
E NG I NE

T WO -
CYCL G E EN I NE 2 S WI S S TY E P — D H S WE IS TYPE —G E RM A N
TYP — U ES FO R CY CL E
'
EN G INE D U CH T TYPE —GE RM A N
TY E S P

Tw o C y
cl e E ngi ne
-
S w i s s Typ e At the p e s en i m e — r tt
the e ngi ne w i c h h rh ot
i s p e ap s findi ng m s g ene a l app li c a r
to r or y
i n fo r ma ine w k i s the t wo c cle s i ng le a c i ng y p e t t -
.

Wi th r
the m a i ne engi ne th r
e e are m or
e di ffe e nces Of c o n r
str ti on th n wi th th t ti on ry motor owi ng to th i nt
uc a es a a , e ro

d ti on i n th t w
uc y l m rin ngi n f i t bl r v r i ng
e o c -
c e a ee e o a su a e e e s

an d r g l ti ng
e u a r ng m nt Th m ri n gi f M r
ar a e e . e a e en ne O ess s .

S l u ze r s c on tr ti on i f th t w y l i ngl ti ng typ
’
s uc s o e o c c e s e ac e,
— m ll
-

a nd i t i b i lt with fo
s u i x worki g yli n d
ur or S n c ers a s a

flywh l b ing p rovid d Th yli n d r

ee e e e
.
pp ort d b e
y c e s ar su e

p i ll r
a s i n t d f
s eat h lo A fr m n d
e us ua i l y r m ov b l a e, a e as e a e

c ov r n lo th r nk h mb r Th v lv ( v ng
e s e c se e c a c a e . e a es s ca e e,

f l nd t rti ng )
ue a s a rr g d i n th yli nd h d b t
a re a an e e c er ea , u

in e ac h ylind r tw
c v ng v lv
e o s ca fitt d e n n e h a es a re e , o e o ea c

S id e o f t h f l v lve ue hown i F i g 5 4 whi h ill tr t

a e , as s n .
,
c us a es

a typi l gin f thi d i gn By thi m n r l t iv ly

ca en e O s es . s ea s e a e

s m ll v lv
a a p
es r m i
are i b l to ll
e o w t h
ss n tr n e f t h a e e a ce o e

l g ar e a mo t f un v ging i nd th v lv bodi
o s ca en a r, a e a e es a re

li ght nd m or
er a i ly op r t d b t i n th l t t d i gn
e eas e a e ,
u e a es es s

s ca v ng v lv
e e a omi tt d ltog th r nd p ort
es are e a e e ,
a s are

e mpl oy d t th botto m f th
e a e yli nd r o e c e .

I n th g ei n enill tr t d e i n F i g us 5 4 th
a er i n d o b l . e e s o e u e

ac ti g v g p mp i n lin with th worki ng yli d r

n s ca en e u e e c n e s,
1 66
168 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F O R LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K

mixt ure is e xh a u s te d thro gh lo git di n l p o t t

u n u a r s a the
botto m of the ylind
c e r rr g d ro nd th whol f
a an e u e e o the
ci rcumfe r ence , i to
n a c omm on xh t pi p r ni ng
e aus e un the
 O
C NS TR UCTI ON OF DI E S E L MAR INE E NGINE 1 69

le ng h t of the engi ne a nd th ence to the S ile nce r . A two

s ta ge a ir c ompr or i
es s s p rovi d ed a rr a n ed a s s
g ho wn f or the
s u pp l y of i j ti o n i
n ec a r a nd for filli ng the c o mp r e s sed a ir

v th i r q i r d
e s s els wi a r e u e for t rti ng nd m n vring
s a a a oeu ,

al tho gh thi m tho d i

u s e s not lw y
a ad opt d th p mp
s a e , e u s

b i ng pl d in front f
e a ce O d b hi d th
an e n v ng ylind r
e s ca e e c e
1 70 DIE S EL ENGINES FOR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
172 DI ES E L E NGI NE S FOR LAND AND MAR INE W OR K

The r tion f t ting nd v r ing th ngi n i

Op e a o s ar a re e s e e e s

ca rr ei d t by m n ou f o mp r d i ea s Th o m h ft c ess e a r . e ca s a

i fi t p t i nto th p o iti o n i n whi h th

s rs u e m s t t c e ca s are se o

op r t th v lv l v f h d or t m by t rni ng
e a e e a e e ers or a ea as e ,
u a

v rti l pindl whi h d i v thi m h ft thi op r ti o

e ca s e c r es s ca S a , s e a n

b i ng p for m d by tu ni ng th h nd wh l ontrolling
e er e r e a ee c

th e e ngi n By fu th r rot ti on f th h nd wh l th
e . a r e a o e a ee e

sp i n d l n w hi h
e, o p i vot d t h lc v r w
areor k i ng t h v l ev e e e s e a es,

fir t b i ng th
s rt ting v lv l v r into p r ti on th
s e s ar a e e e o e a , us

runni ng p th ngin n omp d i nd th n th

u e e e o c re s se a r, a e e

f l nd
ue a v ng v lve l v r s ca e tti ng t th t rt ing
e a e e s, cu ou e s a

v lv t th m ti m Thi i
a e a e sa mp li h d by h vi ng
e e . s s acco s e a

all t h l v e moun t d
e ers ntri lly n t h pi vot p i ndl
e ecce ca o e s e

as S hown in F i g 5 4 Th gin h n to m ti . . ng
e en e as a au a c arra e

m nt f
e r g l ting th f l d i d ri ng th r r i ng
or e u a e ue an a r u e ev e s

p rei o d to
, r t
s o ash o r t p o i t i
a s su eo n f t h f l i n l
e c r ec t s s O e ue e

m h ni m nd
ec a g ov
s rn or ,i a l o p rova i d d to per v n t t h s a s e e e e

mot r r nni ng b yond

o u d t rmi n d m xi m m p d whi h
e a e e e a u s ee c ,

ho w v r i o ly li k ly to o r in th v nt f prop ll r
e e , s n e ccu e e e o a e e

Sh ft br ki ng or th ngi n r ing Th t l p d i n
a ea e e e ac . e a c ua s ee s co

troll d by m ll h nd l v r whi h r g l t th m o nt f
e a s a a e e c e u a es e a u o

f l d li v r d fro m th f l p m p to th f l i nl t v lv
ue e e e e ue u s e ue e a es .

F i g 5 5 ho w
. 40 0 B H P S l r m rin
s s a g i n . f w
. h i h
. u ze a e en e O c

typ tw w r in t ll d n th R m g
e o e e s a twi r w v l
e o e o a na , a n sc e
-
esse

Of ton di p l m nt 1 7 5 ft by 26 ft whi l F i g 5 6
s s a ce e , . .
, e .

Show motor f lightly di ff r nt typ th t rti g nd

s a o s e e e, e s a n a

m an oeuvri g wh l b i ng i n th front f th gin i n t d

n ee e e o e en e s ea

o f t th a id nd i n both
e s e, ath p d r g l t i g h n dlca se s e s ee -
e u a n a e

co trolli ng th f l n b
n n loe to th t rti g wh l
ue ca e s ee c se e s a n ee .

F i g 5 7 ho w th g n r l rr g m nt f
. s s e e i ngl
e a ngi n a an e e o a s e e e

a nd ori f thi typ in whi h th r f r n

a cce s s es o s e c e e e e ces a re as

foll ow s

E ngi n o pl d di r t t p op ll h ft e c u e ec o r e er s a .

Worki ng yli nd r c e s .

S v ng p mp ca e e u .

S t i on p i p f v ng i uc e or s ca e e a r .

E xh t pi p au s e .

S t rt ing nd m m v i ng i r a rvoir a an u r a r es e s.
1 76 D IE S EL E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR INE WORK
E, R eser v t rting i r
e s a a r e s er voi r s .

E3 I gni i t on i voi r a r reser .

F .F 3 Ai r p u mp s .

0 1 0 20
3 F uel a nks t .

F ue l reser i s vo r .

H o
Co lin g wa e p ump tr .

Thi s i s a ty
p i cal a rr
t h h
ange m en w i c hot
a s b ee n a d p ed
x ry
for s mall engi nes , the a u ili a o r or b
ai r c mp es s ei ng ih

t o v
s alled ih any c n eni en t o to p s i i n ,
n r y
o t n e c e ssa il i n the
e ngi ne roo
-
r o
m , b ut if de si e d a t s me port o v
i n O f the essel
a bov tr
e t he wa e line ho
F ig 5 8 S
. r
ws the g ene al a rrange
.

t o r tv y t t
men o f a c mpa a i el s m all D ie s el e ngi ne pla n , i ns a lled
x y
a s a n a u i li a r v
on a s aili ng h o
e s sel , i n whi c t t he c mp ac
or
ne ss o f the e ngi ne a nd i ts a ccess i e s i s well seen The .

v oari u s po rt o r too o
i ns wi ll b e u n de s bv
d fr m t he a o e descri p
t o tho t th
i n wi u t
fur er de a i ls .

The ty p e o f e n g o t by
i ne a d p e d r M r
e ss s S u l ze f or s u b .

r
ma i ne s and tor o bo t
p e d yh th
a s i s a si x c hn der ma c i n e wi -

v
tw o s ca e nge pu mp s in hu e wi th or y r
the w ki ng c lind e s a nd
o r or
a n ai r c mp e s s j to t rt ro t
for the i n e c i n a nd s a i ng a ir i n f n
o f e ac h v y r
s ca e nge c li nd e ho
F i gs 5 9 a nd 60 S
. w res pe c
.

rr t
t ive ly t he a a nge men O f the e ngi nes for a tor o bo t p e d a a n d
b r
a s u ma i ne — the engine s b t r o
e i ng s a gge ed wing to the
r tr t
es th
i c e d wi d roo
of the e ngi ne m -
.

h h b
The e ngin e w i c has een de el ped v o by Messrs Carels o f .

h t o r r t y ro th t
G en d e s not di ffe g e a l f m r r
a o f Me s s s S ulz e , and .

r yb
ha s al ea d o tr t
een c ns r o r o
uc ed for la ge p we s , w rkin g on

y t r
the two c cle single ac ing p i nci pl e
-
ho F i g 6 1 s ws a m arine . .

engine o f . th o r or
B H P wi . . y r
f u w king c lin de s and o ne
v v tr t o
sca enge p ump , and F i g 62 gi e s an illus a i n of a si ngle
.

y
c li n de r ty r v r
i ndep enden l r b
e e s in g ma i ne e ngine cap a l e

v o
of d e el p i ng B HP . . .

S w ed i s h Typ e o — . t rr tro
S m e m anufa c u e s O f t he two s ke -

v y r
engi ne m ake u se Of the s ca e nge a i r c li nde s for s ar i ngt t
rvr
a nd e e s i ng , wi th bj t o y th
the O e c O f d i ng a wa wi the ne ces
t rt v v
si ty of the s a i ng a l es on the cyhnders An e ngi ne .

of th o tr t o
i s c ns uc i n, if i t i s prov th ort
i ded wi pbot s a t t h e

y
tom Of the c li nders for bo h t v
t th e e xha us a nd the s ca enge
 CONS TR UC TI ON OF D I E S E L MAR I NE E NGI NE 1 77

a i r, th i mpli fi d to th xt nt f h vi g only
is us s e e ev lv e o a n o ne a e

to b op r t d in th ylin d r ov r n m ly th f l inl t
e e a e — e c e c e a e e ue e

v lv nd v ry onv ni nt v r i g g r n b d i gn d
a e, a a e c e e re e s n ea ca e es e .

Th Akti b l g t Di
e e l M t
o a e f S to kholm h v
ese s o o rer o c a e

d v l op d n
e e g
e i n a th li
enn f ne o
p o w r p to ese es or e u
I HP. It i
. . lly o tr t d wi th fo
s us u a worki g yli n
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d r e s a nd t w v g i yli nd r m o nt d n th m
o s ca en e a r c e s u e o e sa e

b d pl t
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in li n wi th th
a e, angi n e D ri ng th o di n ry e e es . u e r a

r nn i ng f th gin th i from th tw
u o e en e v g p mp
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i d li v r d i nto th r
s e e e iv r nd th p mp
e e ce ed o bl , a as e u s are u e

ac t i ng nd h v th ir r nk t t 90 v ry r g l r
a a e e c a s se a
°
9. e e u a

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s o Th i w
a neh i h i . d r w n i n to t
e a r,h y lin c s a e c

d r fro m t h
e s t mo p h r b for o mpr i on i d liv r d
e a s e e e e c ess s e e e

fro m th r i v r i nto th v ri o
e e ce e w o ki g ylind r e a us r n c e s as

th v ng p ort
e s ca e n ov r d by th
e s are u p i to t hc p r e e e s ns , e es

r f th
su e o v g i b i g pproxi m t ly th m
e s ca en e a r e n a a e e sa e as

th t wi th m o t oth r tw trok
a s g i e m ly o s bo
-
t e en ne s , n a e a u

3 lb p q. i n h
er s bov . t m o p h c r aT h e v ang or s e e . e s ca e e

m n a v i g yli d r
oeu r n th y m y l o b ll d
c n e s , as e a a s e ca e ,
run a s

c o mpr d i gi d ri ng th p i od f t rti g nd
e s se a r en ne s u e er s o s a n a

re v ing th er s g i b t
ese e n i i o l y m
ne s ,p l oy du f t hi
as a r s n e e or s

p p r o
u f t wse or thr
or r vo l ot i o th r i ee t h e vy u ns e e s no a ea

ca ll n th oi r i v r i n w h i h o mp r
e a r e ce d i i
e s tor d f c c es s e a r s s e or

ca rryi g t th op r ti on ou Th
e se t rti g nd m n
e a ns . e s a n a a oeu

v i g r r n i v r ( f wh i h th r i
e ce e s o lly cm in d n e e s usua o ne a an o e

au xi li ry ) a r pl ni h d by m n f
a re e e s pe i l p m p ea s o a s ec a u

w hi h m y b c it t d
a th t p
e s f n
ua e f th on v g e o o o e o e s ca en e

c yli nd r or i n y oth r onv ni t m r Th v lv

e s, an e c e en a nne . e a es

a re a rr ng d th t wh n v r th i in th r i v r f ll
a e so a e e e e a r e e ce e s a s

b low rt i n p d t rmi d li mit th p mp i mm di t ly

e a ce a re e e ne , e u e a e

b gi n to h rg th m n til th r q i i t pr r i
e s c a e e u e e u s e e ss u e s

r h d Th o mpr d i f i j ti g th f l i to th
ea c e . e c es s e a r or n ec n e ue n e

w orki g yli d r i provi d d from oth r ompr or

n c n e s s e an e c es s

an d th l typ e us ua f v rt i l yli d i l i r e o e rvoi r i ca c n r ca a r ese s

e mp l oy d to tor t hi e i A
s p r e t f l ps a r m p i. fi tt d se a a e ue u s e

for e a c h yli nd r nd th typ f f l i l t v lv d p lv r

c e ,
a e e o ue n e a e an u e

i rd
se ri b d d ill tr t d n p g 5 8 nd 60 (Ch p I I I )
es c e an us a e o a es a a .

is e mp l oy d b i g t h e m,
e n f th t ti o ry gi n
e sa e as or e s a na en e .
 178 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AN D AND MAR I NE WO R K
T h ese p u m p s w ok r g e ne ra ll y on t he p i nci p le r c om m only
a do p e d t fo r Di e se l th r i n gov n th
e ngi ne s , b ut as e e s o er or e

op ni ng f th ti on v lv i t tom ti lly on tr ll d
e o e suc a es s no au a ca c o e .

Th p m p e u p r t
s are O d by li n k w hi
e a e h r i v t h e i m ost i o c e ce e r n

from th m i n e m h ft a nd ca p i vot
s d
a , n
a tr i ll y
a re e ec ce ca on

a s p i n dl w hi h
e n b t c r n d caby h n d e th u l t e i n g t h a , us a er e

p o ist i o n f t hs li n
o k r l t iev to th s m e a d e ry i n g e ca an so va

th e p n i
O n g e f t h t i
o o n v l v e T h i
s uc i n t n oa tro esl . s ur c n s

th e a m o t f f l d mi tt d to th
un o ue a yli d r nd h e th e c n e a e n ce e

sp eed f t h o n g i n e e F r v r i n ge . o d
or or re ve s r t , a se c n e e se s e

of m i p rovi d d n th
ca s s m h ft whi h i m ov d hor i
e o e ca s a ,
c s e

zo nt lly a til th un m o m b n th t h l v re se ca s c e
p r t ien g ea e e e s O e a

th f l i nl t v lv
e ue e whi h th a Op
es , t th r q i r d p o i t
c us en a e e u e n

f or r v r i g Th v lv f th
e e s n . e v g p m p w hi h
a es o e s ca en e u s c

are work d by e ntri rod e cce l o v r d nd th ir

c s are a s re e se , a e

e cce nt i tog th r wi th th
r cs , e entri f d i i ng t h f l
e ecce cs or r v e ue

p m
u p m o
s , a reun t d p r t e hor i o n
on a set l p i n d la a ew h i h z a s e, c

i n r v r i ng d o
e e s n t mov esin lo gi t di n l di r ti
o e a n u a ec on .

Wh th r v r ing h dl i p t i n th
en e e e s an t r p o i tio
e s u e as e n s n

th f l p m p i
e ue n b l to d li v r
u s u a y m ore il to t
e h e
y l i an e o e c n

d er, a n d th f l v l v l v r t k e ue a p t h e p o
e i t i
e s n f a r v e u e s o s or e e r se

r i ng ft r th l t h g f il h b n i nj t d i nto
u nn a e e as c ar e o o as ee ec e

th e yli d r Thi i rr g d by th f l v lv b i g
c n e s . s s a an e e ue a es e n

p rov i d d w i
e th w i d r m th t h
e r g ca l t i n g
s rr an
n g m t e e u a a a e en

th t th f l v lv op f n vo
.

f or t h p mp e u , so a e ue a e en s or o e re

l ti O
u ft r th
n a p
e m p h b
e n u t f o p r ast i o n T
ee h ou o e a . e

v g yli nd r b orb th rgy f th flywh l by

0

sca en e c e s a s e e ne o e ee

r i g p mp nd wh n th gi om to t nd till
u nn n as u s, a e e en ne c es a s a s

th e s ca v g v lv en e i a h p o i ti o
es a re to llow m
n su c s ns a s a co

p r e s sed i to nt
a r r f ro m teh r e i v r n d t h p em p eceth n e , a e u s e

run m otor
as Th f l p mp s . i m m di t ly
e ue u
p o n t h s, e a e u e

en gi n t rt
e s a i n g f or i l p ,
to t h f
ce o l v l v u w h i h p e ue a es c O en

a t th r q i r d m o m
e e u t
e th t th gin wh t r ti ng
e n s , so a e en e en s a

u p ,
r i ve ce t w i mes p l — no f ro m t h u s es v g p
o e m p e s ca en e u s

op r ting moto nd th n l t r from th f l i nj t i on

e a as rs a e a e e ue ec ,

whi h i c f gr t v l
s o inea l r t i g t h p d t t h b gin
a ue a cce e a n e s ee a e e

ni ng Th
. v ng p mp ft r
e s ca e e u tw r vol ti on
s a e o ne or o e u s

a i
s a r m o t o t k p
rs t h i r a r d in
e u ry w or k eF i g o6 3 h o w a s . . s
180 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
w ork , b ut onl y th t ri ng g r i
as a t s e a lly r q i r d e s ee ea s u s ua e u e

th e co mp d i i th n t k n di r t fro m th m i n ngin
resse a r s e a e ec e a e e

a nd th xili y p l nt i h t down I nd p nd nt t t
e au ar a s s u . e e e es s

h v a nt ly b n
e rece rri d t n v r l f th ee ca ngin e ou o se e a o ese e es ,

wi th vi w to
a r t ini ng th f l on mpti on t f ll
e a s ce a e ue c su a u

l o d th
a , lt f whi h
e res u m o t i nt r ti ng i n o mp ri
s o c a re s e es c a

so n wi t h th n mpt i on i th ordi n y f r y l
e co su
g i o e ar ou -
c c e en ne ,

a nd fro m th fig r obt in d i t pp r th t th di ff r
e u es a e a ea s a e e enc e

is e xt m ly m ll re T t w r m d by di ff r nt
e s a . es s thor e e a e e e au

i ti es on fo r p r t tuw y l
se m r i n
a a e n gin f t nd r
o c d
-
c e a e e es o s a a

typ ft r b ing r t d i n th work nd b for in t lling

e, a e e e ec e e s a e e s a

i n th v e l f wh i h th y w
es s e s or b ilt th p ow r b ing c e ere u , e e e

a b orb d in h
s e by br k f th H n 8 F o d
ea c ca s e a a e o e eena 5 r u e

typ In th fo ngi n t t d i t w fo nd th t th
e . e ur e es es e as u a e

f l o n mp t i o n p
ue c su B H P ho r w r p ti v ly 21 1
er . . . u as es ec e

g ram 2 1 0 g
s r . m ,
2 0 1 6 gr m a n d 1s 9 6
.
g r
,
m or n v r g a s a . a s .
, a a e a e

o f 20 4 5 g m or y 4 5 lb p B H P ho r whi h i
ra s . sa . er . . . u , c s

v ry m h th m f th
e uc e sa l fo r y l m otore as orA ll e u s ua u -
c c e .

th ngi n
e e w r f th
es t nd rd fo yli nd typ wi t h
e e o e s a a ur c -
er e

tw o m v i g yli nd r i n li n
a n oeu r n c e s e
—
.

G m n Typ
er a A l r g n m b r f tw es . y l ti n g a e u e o o c -
c e ac

en g i f
nes o t h D i l ty p h ev b n o
e se tr t d by M e a e ee c ns uc e e s sr s .

K rup p f K i l f whi h
o v r l w r f th G r m n d
e , o c se e a e e or e e a an

I t li n N vy b t r
a a a nt ly fo r , g ui h f
e ce B H P u en n es e a c o . . .

r nni g t 1 40 r vol ti on p mi n t h v b n o d d
u n a e u s er u e a e ee r ere

by th D t h Am i ni h P t l mg ll h ft f
e eu s c -
er ca sc e e ro eu ese sc a or

t nk v l All ngin f ov r 300 H P

a e ss e s . e m d es o e . . are a e o n

th tw e y l prin ipl whil tho b low thi p ow

o c -
c e c e, e se e s er a re

fo r y l
u c in h
c e, b ing di r tly v r i bl x p t
e ac ca se e ec re e s e e ce

f or th v ry m ll t e e i F i g 65
s a ho w es tw
s z es yl . . s s a o c -
c e

r v r i bl m in ngi f M
e e s e ar e K pp e o tr ti
ne o e ss rs . ru
’
s c ns uc on ,

o f r tly ppli d to th G rm n Ad mi ece n su e e e a r

a lty ,nd thi a i typ i l f th g s s l d ig f th t w

ca o e e nera es n o e o

c yl c e g i n T
en h r e i x
. w or ki g y li n
e ed r di i
are d d s n c e s v e

i nto t w ti o f th o sec h with th i o mp

ns o re e e a c in ,
e a r c re s s o r

th e ntrce d v ging i p mp t h nd t h
e an a s ca en a r u a ea c e , e

p e cu li r o tr
a t i on c f t
ns h t i o
uc h m b r b i
o ng W ll e s uc n c a e s e e

s e en i th i ll tr t i o
n e E h us v gi g p mp p p li
a n . ac s ca en n u su es
182 DI E S E L E NGINE S FOR LAND AND MAR INE W OR K

t h ree of h th form
the cyli n de r
m pl t l y i d
s, whi c us a co e e n e

p end en t t th t f
se l w p
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so r o l y a h lf f w
or or ki n o
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a o

c ylind r n d b in p r ti on nd gr t r r d t io
e s ee e O e a a a ea e e uc n
in p o w r m y th e b obt i n d wi th orr p ondi n g i n r
a us e a e , c es c e ase

in m v i ng f
an aau i li ti rF th ac
g i xh t p ort
es . or e en ne e aus ,
s

a t th botto m f th
e yli nd r mploy d
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c e are e e as us u a

tw y l motor d th
o c
-
c e v ng i i dmi tt d t hro gh
s , an e s ca e e a r s a e u
va lv i n th
es yli nd r h d Th r nk h m b r
e c e ea . e c a c a e s a re

tot lly n lo d wi th i p ti o d oor i n fro t f h

a e c se , ns ec n s n o e ac

c yli d r f x mi i g th r nk nd b ri ng
n e or e a n n e c a s a ea s .

Q
Th m tho d f e e o re

v r i g i n thi ngir
I

I
e s n s e ne

o i t i th m p loy
I c ns s s n e e

m nt f h d d e o a ea an re

vr m th m e s e ca s on e sa e

m h ft whi h i ca s a ,
c s

mov d xi lly d ring e a a u

rvri g to br i ng e e s n so a s

th h d or t r e a ea as e n

m nd r th th ca s u e nea e

v l v l v r o p r t i ng a e e e s e a
FIG
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E
D i a gr a
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Th v lv
.

t h e a es c re

q i r n lt r t i o i t h t i m
u e a a e a f o p i g d ri ng r v r l
n n e es o en n u e e sa ar e

th f l i l t v lv
e ue th n et t i g v l v d th
a e, v g e s ar n a e an e s ca en e

v lv nl p ort i th ylind r b mploy d i n t d f

a e, u e ss s n e c e e e e s ea o

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,
c Th
s s m f eth es e ca s e . e ca s or e

f l nd
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en e a ho wn
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di gr m m ti lly i F i g 66 th r b i ng fl t p
a a a ca n b tw .
, e e e a a s a ce e e en

th e a h d d t r m pi
ea an t hi b i g th p o iti o f
a s e n ca e ce s , s e n e s n o
res t f th roll r f th v lv l v r wh n th gin i
or e e o e a e e e e e en e s

s t opp d F e th . t rti g v lv tw p r t m
or e s a n a e o se a a e ca s a re

p rov id d n fe h , d o d e for a t r n dea i th r fan o ne or a s e n , a e e o

th m y b p t in to p r ti on o di g to th di r ti o
ese a e u O e a a cc r n e ec n

o f rot t i o n r q i r d
a Th ti on f r v r ing m y b
e u e . e ac o e e s a e

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n th ro ll r f
c ca se th v g i nd f l i nl t
e e s or e s ca en e a r a ue e

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 CONS TR UGI I ON OF DI E S E L M AR INE ENGINE ‘
183

ro lle s of r t rting v lv l v wi ll b i d w ll bov

t he s a a e e ers e ra se e a e

th em wh i h o p r t t h m
ca s T b i ng th
c ngi n
e a e t e . o r e e e o

r t th whol f th m h ft i mov d to th l ft di
es e e o e ca s a s e e e , a s

t a n ceq l to h lf th longi t di n l di t n b t w n th
e ua a e u a s a ce e ee e

ce ntr f th es oh d nd r v r m Th roll r op r t e a ea a e e se ca s . e e s e a

i g th v l v l v
n e th n r t n th fl t p rti n f th
a e e ers e es o e a o o o e

ca m l v s ee t B F i g 66 e as a d t h v lv ,
n t p n .d ,
an e a es are o O e e

as th m h ft rot t e ca Thi m ov m t s a f th a es m . s e en o e ca

s h ft i r i d t by m n f th h ndwh l n i n th
a s ca r e ou ea s o e a ee s ee e

ce ntr f th e
g i n
O in F i g 65 w
e en h i h t he m ot i o n . c ca us es e

thro gh r w g ring Th
u sc e v g i nd f l i nl t
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v lv l v r b ing i th top p o iti on th gin om to

a e e e s e n e s s e en e c es

r t ft r whi h th t rti g v lv l v r f r v r r nni ng

es , a e c e s a n a e e e or e e se u

i bro ght d o w
s u it m by m n on f n f th tw s ca ea ns o o e o e o

l v r
e n i
e s s ee th tr f th gi whi h gi vn e ce n ng l
e o e en ne , c e an a u ar

m oti o to h ft nd rn th th m h ft nd onn t d
n a s a u e ea e ca s a a c ec e

to i t by m ll o pli ng rod Th t rti ng v lv s a c u s . e s a a es are

O p d t
e ne h g i n ,r p e en n i m otor e n d ft
un s u r t w as a a r , a a e o

or thr r vol ti o th t rti g v lv l v

ee e u ns r i d ff e s a n a e e e rs are a se o

th ir m by p tting th m in o trolli ng h ndl b k to

e ca u e a c n a e ac

mi d p o i ti on nd th s m h ft i m ov d f rth r to th
, a e ca s a s e u e e

l ft d i t
e a q l to th fi t
s a nce e til th roll r f th v lv
ua e rs un e e s o e a e

l v r
e e s i n th p o i ti on 0 F i g 6 6 whi h i th
a re e s t rn , .
,
c s e as e

ru n i ng p o i t i o n
n Th m i n t rti ng l v r
s . ontrolli ng
e a s a e e c

th e t rti ng v lv
s a d th wh l ontrolli n g th p o i ti o n
a es a n e ee c e s

o f th m h ft e ca ro
p p r ly i s t r lao k d th
a re t th r m y e n e c e so a e e a

b n p o i bi li ty f th f l i nl t v lv b i ng p n d d ri ng
e o ss o e ue e a e e O e e u

th t ting p i od
e s ar er .

Di l g i n
ese f m ri
enn w or k esb i l t ort t h N m a b rg e are u a e u e

Work f th M s o hi nf bri k A g b rg Nii nb g

e a sc ne f th a u s u r er , o e

tw trok y l typ b t
o s-
e di vi d d i to tw
c c e le', u are e n o c as s es

th elight nd th h vy w ight typ th form r b i ng

a e ea e e, e e e

c hi fly d ign d f
e bm ri n g nb t nd torp do
es e or su a es , u oa s a e

bo t whil th l tt r
a s, mo e i t bl f e a rg nd p
e are re s u a e or ca o a as

v l Th w i ght f th li ght typ i from bo t

’

se ng er esse s . e e o e e s a u

3 0 3 5 lb p
-
B H P ho r f . erl g ngin. .up to 40 lb
. u or ar e e es .

p B
er H P ho . f .m ll ngin
. t hi
ur b i n g
or s n i n l i v a e es , s e a c us e

w ight
e Th g i
.n o m m o
e n l y enb il t f i x
es y li n d
a re r c u o s c e s
184 DI ES E L ENGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
wi h t o t u a flywheel , or four c yli nd r with flywh
e s a e el , b ut
s om ti m
e es ei g ht ylind c ers are e mp loy d Th typ e . e es s an t
dard iz ed for th li g ht w i ght
e e e ngi ne are as under

15 0 HP . . at 5 50 r evs .
p e r mi n .

200 5 50
—
30 0 5 0 0 5 00
60 0 45 0
90 0
40 0

roxi m t on om th
'

The ap p a e di mens i s of s e of ese e ng i ne s

are as u nd r e

Ho rs e p o wer 15 0 20 3 00 . 4 00 5 00 60 0
it . in . ft . ft . in . it . in . ft . in . it . in .

O vera ll le ngth 9 105 1 1 5 ; 12 9 3 14 5 1; 1 4 9 1 15 9

‘

O verall wi d th 2 22 2 7g 3 4g 3 7 3 mg
Hei gh t re q ui re d for
d i s m a ntli ng 4 4} 4 1 11 5 7 6 3 6 6} 6 10}
D ep th re q ui red b e lo w
ce ntre o f cra n k s h a ft 1 1 1 25 1 5 1 5 } 1 7 l 72

The usu al s p ee d s of the h vy w i ght

ea e e ng i nes a re as

o o
f ll ws
—
1 5 0 20 0 B HP . at —
300 4 00 rv e s .
p e r m in .

—
. .

3 0 0 33 0 300 3 30 -

45 0 5 5 0
-
225 -
27 5
—
60 0 7 5 0 225 27 5 -

900 260
21 5

The h eav y r th fr m w rk nd
engine s are h
c eap e as e a e o a

b e d p la
-
t
f e t i ron whil t Wi th th light r typ
are o ca s ,
s e e e

m g n
an a bron i
ese lly mploy d
ze s Th u su a
p d i e e . e s ee s

l o l
a s nd th f
ess a l on mp t i on i l ow
e ue cwi th th h vysu s er e ea

typ th n wi th th li ght w ight motor

e a e e .

L rg a gi n e enp rov i d d w
es i th
a re t w tw t g m e o o s a e
-
co

p r r f
e ss o s t h i n j ort i o n n d et rt i ngec i w h i l m ll r a s a a r, e s a e

m o or h v b ut n
t s a e ompr or th o e l r ng m nt
c e ss , e u su a a ra e e

b i g to h v i t t
e n a nd e f th a g i n
o ne e T h v ng o e en e . e s ca e e
 186 DI E S E L ENGINE S FOR LAND AND MAR I NE W O RK

a ir ad mi s s i on v lv F i th o tl t v lv in th
a e . v ng s e u e a e e s ca e e

c yli nd r thro gh whi h th

e ,
u v ng i p c ft r b ing e sca e e a r a s s es , a e e

c ompr d to f w p o d bov t m o p h r into th

e ss e a e un s a e a s e e, e

r i v r G wh n i t t r th working ylind r th o gh E
ece e , e ce en e s e c e r u ,

wh n t hi l tt r v lv o p
e s a e H i th a d mi i o n v lv
e en s . s e a ss a e

o f th ev ng ylind r thro gh whi h i i d wn i to

s ca e e c e u c a r s ra n
th e v ng yli nd r d ri ng th
s ca e e c ti o or downw rd
e ,
u e s uc n a

s trok f th pi ton In th p o iti o hown i n th fig

e o e s . e s n s e ure ,

th e w orki g pi ton i n j t fini hi ng th ompr i on or

s s us s e c es s

u p w r d
a tro k i
s n w hi h t h
e i i o m p r d to
c t h p r e a r s c es s e e es

su e r r q ir d f om b ti on f th f l Wh n th r nk
e u e or c us o e ue . e e c a

h as n rly r h d th t p d d tr J th f l d mi i o
ea ea c e e o ea ce n e , e ue a ss n

v lv p
a e O nd o m b t i on t k p l
en s a c nd t h p i
us to a es a ce , a e s n

t rt
s a i t d o wnw rd or worki g trok
s on s awhi l H i l o n s e, e s a s

op n d d i i d wn i nto th
e e an a r s v g yli d r J t
ra e s ca en e c n e . us

b for th r nk r h th bottom d d ntr K th

e e e c a ea c es e ea ce e , e

v lv E p
a e O v g i t r from th r i v r G
en s , s ca en e a r en e s e e ce e ,

an d xp l t h
e xh t g i th working yli nd r t hro gh
e s e e aus a se s n e c e u

th p ort L w h i h
e s th n ov r d by th pi ton F b i g
c a re e u nc e e e s , e n

c lo d se d H p an d r i g t h whol
O en f thi u trok Aft n e e o s s e . er

th r kp
e c an th d d a s se s tr F p n e d H lo ea cen e, O e s, an c s es ,

w hi l t h v lv r m i
e e a op n ti ll j t ft r th xh t
e e a ns e us a e e e a us

p o tr sL l o d
are c by t h p i to
se n w h i t l o d de i n g s ,
en c se s , a n ur

th r m i d r
e e a nf th p
e w r d o t o k F i e k p t uo p n da s r e s e en a

th e r i v r G i h g d wi th
e ce e s v ng i from t h
c ar e s ca e e a r, e

s ca v g yli d r whil th i i n th worki ng y lind r i

en e c n e ,
e e a r e c e s

c omp r d Wh n t rti g p th gin by th dm i

e s se . e s a n u e en e e a s

s io n of i thro g h t h
a r t rti g v lv D i n th
u e s a l w y n a e e usua a ,

thi i i ff ti v ly di h rg d thro gh th xh t p rt
s a r s e ec e sc a e u e e a us o s

i n th yli d r by dmi tti g v ng i thro gh t h

e c n e a n s ca e e a r u e

s ca v g v lv E lo g th p ort r m i n n ov d
en e a e so n as ese s e a u c e re

by th pi to e s n .

Th worki g pi to
e n ool d wi th il nd th yli n d
s n s a re c e o a e c er

j k t h v r m ov bl ov r wh i h
ac e s a e e a f l f
e c l e s c a re u se u or c e a n

i g th j k t
n e r drd
ac e s, ry by th mploym n t f
en e e n e ce s sa e e e o

sa lt w t r f a e ooli g p rpo or c F or d l bri t i o n i

n u s es . ce u ca s

a dopt d e d th an il p thro gh ool r d i n b l d

e o a s se s u a c e an s e a e

to b e d ov r g i
u se e a a n .
 CONS TR UCTI ON OF DI E S E L MAR INE E NGINE 187

As i s ne cess a ry y
i n a ll two c cle e ngi ne s i n whi ch sca enge
-
v
v
v a l es a nd not p ort oy
s are emp l
'

ed , i n e ersi ng , the i mes rv t

of o p e ni ng o f thr v v h v to
ee a l es a e b e a l e e d —n a m e l , t he tr y
t rt
s a v v v v
i ng a l e , the fuel a l e , a nd the ai r i nle a nd sca enge t v
v
va l e o h
Thi s i s acc mpli s ed i n the ca s e of t he two la e
. tt r

FIG . 68 —Di
. agra m i llus tra ti ng Met h od of R e v ers i ng E ng i n e .

by turning th e ca m s h ft i t
a s elf thro gh u a ce rt ai n a ng le

(ab t 30
oui n th
°
e c a s e of
) th t t he
b t Nii rnb erg e ngi ne so a u

o n e m i n d d f
ca s h v g v lv nd h f l
ee e or e ac s ca en e a e a ea c ue

v lv b th f h d nd r v r r ni g I n d r th t
a e, o or a ea a e e se un n . or e a

th e v ng nd f l v lv m y b t i th r v r
s ca e e a ue a es a e se n e e e se

p o i t i
s o n tog th r by t hem m ov
e m, t f t h m h
e sa ft e e en o e ca s a ,

it i n s ry th t th gl f op ni g d p d mi i on
e ce s s a a e an es o e n an re a
-
ss

o f th v lv ho ld b i
es e a r t i d fi i t r ti o Thi
es s u e n a ce a n e n e a . s
 D IE S E L E NGINE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
can b tt r xp l in d by
be e ef r n to F ig 68 whi h
e a e a re e e ce .
,
c

r pr nt
e ese r nk di gr m f th ngin A b ing th t p
s a c a a a or e e e, e e o

ntr nd E th botto m Th q ti on to b olv d

'
d d ea ce e a e . e ue s e s e

i to
s, dj t th
so a ngl f o p ni ng (r f rr d to th rot ti o n
us e a e o e e e e e a

o f th r nk h ft ) f th
e c a v ng nd f l i nl t v lv
s a o e sca e e a ue e a es,

th t th m op r ti ng th ir v lv l v will h v n xi
a e ca s e a e a e e ers a e a a s

o f ym m try wi th th r
s e lt th t by th
, m lt r t i o n e es u a e sa e a e a

o f ngl a f th m h ft bot h th f l v l v
e o e ca nd th s a , e ue a e a e s ea

v ng v lv
e e t f
a rv m i ng
e are se In F i g 68 B i or e erse r u r . . s

t h p oi nt f dmi i on f th f l th
e o a ngl f p ssd mi o e ue , e a e o re a s

si on b i ng 1 Th v l v
e lo ( .t D th t th tot l ngl
e a e c se s a so a e a a e

of o pe ni ng is a .

X r pre e sen s t xh t p ort

the p i n o t of unc ov ri ng e of the e a us s

a nd L f th i lo i ng b t th
o d n t nt r i nto th q
e r c s ,
u es e o o e e e ue s

ti on i n f o r n lt r t i o n i n
s ce , o ry i n r v r i ng
c u se , o a e a s e ces s a e e s .

At F th v ng v lv op n th lo i ng p oint b ing H
e s ca e e a e e s, e c s e ,

a nd t h f l l ngl ef op ni ng b
u Th
a ngl f p r d mi i o n
e o e . e a e o ea ss

f
or th v g i i
e s ca en e a r s e .

Th r p ti v tot l
e es g l ecf p ni ng f t
eh f l v l a an es o O e o e ue a ve

( )
a nd
, t ha v n g v l v b
()
e s ca dj t d th te e a e a re s o a us e a

a c 2d
and b c 26
or in oth r word th ngl f p ni g i n both
e s i t wi
e a e o
l

o e n ca s e s s ce

th ngl
e a f pr dm i i o
e o p l u o ea t nt n g l I n
ss t h n, s a c ns a a e 0 . e

di gr m i f th li n
a a 0 0 nd 0 0 e b d wn bi es ti g th , a 9 e ra se c n e

an g l n d b
es a a i t i y to ho w th t t h n l
g g i
s eas 1 8 0 d s a e a e s
°
an

th for th lin 0 0 i th xi f ym m try f th f l

e re e e e , 9 s e a s o s e or e ue

v lv d v g v l v m
a e an s ca en e a e ca s .

T xpl i th ti on f r v r i g on i d th gin to
o e a n e ac o e e s n c s er e en e

b r nni ng i th
e u h d di r ti o
n i ndi t d by th
e a earro w ec n as ca e e a

8 A nd B
, a th t p nd botto m d d
a re ntr e f tho r nk a ea ce es o e c a

and th g l B
e an 0 A or d n d
esF 0 E or t h r p t i v a e a re e es ec e

angl f pr dmi i o n f
es o th f l
ea d th v ng l v
ss or e ue an e s ca e e va es .

Wh th ngin
en i t rt d p i th r v r di r ti n
e e e s s a e u n e e e se ec o ,

whi h i c ompli h d by m n f ompr d i

s a cc s e i ea s o c es se a r, as s

expl in d l t r th r k i r ni g i n th dir ti on i ndi

a e a e , e c an s un n e ec

t d by th
ca e rro w B d ll th t i
e a ry t t th , an a a s ne ce ss a o se e

ca m i t h orr t p o i t io i to m ov th
s n e c ec m h ft t hro gh s n s e e ca s a u
1 90 D I E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
co mp res sed ai r, the p a t r of the c o u p li ng on the r
c a nk s h aft

ru ns free for a n angle of 3 0 w en the back fa ces of i ts ee °

t th h
o t f
c me ag ai ns the ront fa ces of cla w s of the alf of t he c u
p h o
vr
li ng o n the e ti ca l s aft h
The c u pli ng o
e n dr i e s t i s th v h
.

h t
s a f , a nd h
e nce t he ca m s a f h t t
i n hi s p si ti n , the es ul o o r t
b e i ng th t
a the ca m s af i s a u h t
ma i ca ll to t y t
urne d r ug an th o h
ngl f 30 l ti v t th r nk h ft nd th m
°
a e o re a e o e c a s a , a e ca s a re

thu i n th r q ir d p o i ti on f
s e e u t rn nni g I ord r
e s or as e ru n . n e

th t th r m y b
a e e p l ay i n t h o
e no
p li n g w h n t
ah g i n i e c u e e en e s

ru nni ng trong pring k p th tw h lv f th o pli ng

, s s s ee e o a es o e c u

tog th r e e .

An g i n
en f t h eN r n bo r g o tr ue t i o n i u h o w n e i n c ns c s s

se c ti o n in F i g 6 9 wh il F i g 7 0 i t h .
, xt rn l vi w f
e . s e e e a e o

a s i mi l r m h ia Thac ne f th . l o d t yp h vi ng
e s e a re o e e nc se e, a

s i x wor ki g yli d r wi th t hn c o mpr or t n nd

n e s e c es s a o e e .

E ngi n f th t w
es o y l do bl ting typ
e o c -
c e w b i ng u e ac e are n o e

b ilt by th M hi n nf bri k A g b rg Nii b g

u e a sc e a d u s u -
rn er , an

a p rat fro m t h p r i i p l fe ti n th r
nc v ri
e oo p o i n
ac t i o e e a re a us s n

th e on tr t i o di ff ri g from th ingl ti ng typ

c s uc n, e n e s e ac e .

Th e eng i h v ne sthr w ora ki n g e y li d r ee d t h v g c n e s , an e sca en e

c yli nd r p
e s are ser t tho g h t h r
a a e, t ill r m i n f
u h e e s e a s one or ea c

w orki ng yli d r c Th n v g p mp m y i th r b
e . es e s ca en e u s a e e e

m o nt d i n lin wi th th m i n ylin d r
u e e nd dr i v e di e t
a c e s a en r c

o ff th r nk h ft or rr g d in front f th ngin
e c a s a ,
a an e d o e e e, an

dri v n by l v r fro m th
e e e s ro h d F l nd t rt i ng e c ss ea s . ue a s a

v lva p
e s a re rov i d d t both n d e f t h a y li n d r n d e s o e c e s, a a re

w ork d fro m e p r t m
se h ft i n f
a a e ca ro n t f t h n g i ns a t h s o e e es , e

m ea ns e m ploy d f r v r i ng b ing i mi l r to th t l dy
e or e e s e s a a a r ea

d esc ri b d f th ingl ti g gi b t th r v r i ng g
e or e s e ac n en ne , u e e e s e ar

op r t both m h ft A pr vi o ly m nti on d in di s
e a es ca s a s . s e us e e

cu s s ni g thi typ f s g i n t w e o f l v lven fi tt de, i n t h o ue a es are e e

bottom f h ylin d r n o t f th t ffing box whi h

o ea c c e o a cc un o e s u ,
c

is o f th m typ
e sa e d f d bl e a s use ting g ngin or F ou e ac as e es . or

r nni ng t l w p d th f l v lv t th bottom m y b
u a o S ee s e ue a es a e a e

p ut tou f p r t
o i o n w
O h e a th g i n w or,
k i n gl
en t i n ge en e s s e ac .

Th v g i i
e s ca en lly rr g d to nt r t both i d
e a r s u s ua a an e e e a s es ,

a nd th r xh t pi p b th t th ba k nd th front
e e a re e a us es o a e c a e

of the en
gi ne .
 19 2 D IE S EL E NGINE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
o
The foll wi ng are the s andard si zes to b e a d p te d t o
engi nes of H P are alr ead runni ng , whi le two of . . y
H P eac ha e als
. . een ui lt h v ob b
R e vs per mi nu te
. .

F o ur C ycl e S i ngl e A cti n g E n gi ne : D utch Typ e

-
.

x b or y
As ha s een e p lai ne d , t he f u c cle engi ne i s unl i kel to b e y -

t t o to
the ul i ma e s lu i n of t he p rob
le m of the Di es el e ngi ne f o r
m i n work b ut i t h
ar e b n dopt d by om m k r
, as ee a e s e a e s as

b i g th i t t p from t ti on ry to m ri n work Th
e n e ea s e s s e s a a a e . e

m rina ngi n
e e on tr t d by th N d l nd h F b i k
e c s uc e e e er a sc e a r e

o f Am t r d m i s e f t hi typ
a nd
s o i x yli nd r m oto
s e, a f a s -
c e r o

5 00 B H P w . .i n t ll d by thi fi m i n th
. as s a e V l nu s r e u ca s,

whi h w c th fi t l rg o
as e n g oi g Di
rs al ngi n p rop l l d
e c ea -
n ese e e e e

v l b ing 1 9 6 f t i n l g th nd h vi ng di pl m nt of
es se ,
e ee en a a a s a ce e

ton Thi ngin i i ll tr t d in F i g 7 1 whi l F i g 7 2

s . se e s us a e .
, e .

show ro s a c ti on f th gin room f th v l Th

ss sec
-
o e en e -
o e e s se . e re

a re , a s i lm o t ni v r l wi th fo u
s a s u y l m ri ngin e sa r c
-
c e a ne e es,

fo ur v lv f a es h yli nd r op r t d in th u l w y b y
or e a c c e e a e e su a a

l v r
e t t d by m n th hori ont l m h ft Th
e s a c ua e ca s o e z a ca s a . e

a rr g m nt f r v r ing i thi
an e e or e o i t f h vi ng t w
e s n s case c ns s s o a o

p r
ef t ly
ec i n d p d nt m e h f
en t A e B F
( g i ca 7 1 n d s7 2 a
) s , s . a

o f w hi h c A
( ) h
on e n i t t h m t i
as on th p o i t i on f e ca s se e s s or

O p r t
e ai n g t h v r i o v l
e v w ha n g o i n us
g a h d a nesd t h e ea , a e

oth r (B ) rri th r v r
e ca es m Th e twe h fts r
e s e ca s. ese o s a a e

su pp ort d i n f or
e k d nd p i to w
e h i h the p i n d l G
e ce s i n c e S e

front f th o g i n i fi
e enx d T hi pei ndl s m y be t u. n d b y s s e a e r e

th h nd wh l D whi h by th link m oti on

e a ee c n in F i g 7 2 e s ee .

rot t th fork d rm ro d th pi ndl G nd bri ng

a es e e a s a un e s e a so s

ei t h r th e h d e a t rn m sh ft i n th po i ti on t p r
ea or as e ca a e s o o e
19 4 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR L AND AND MAR I NE WOR K
h t t v r t
The s af E i s i self dri en di ec o ff the c a nk s af o f t he r h t
engi ne f ro
m eccent i cs r by
m ea ns oi the t wo l n g c nnec i ng o o t
rods whi c h rt
O p e a e the s a f E h t by me a ns of two s ma ll c a nk sr ,

as is seen i n F i g 7 1 . F or the s up p l of fuel

. y to t he fu e l
v or o t
val es two s ma ll h i z n a l oil p u mp s F are used dri e n o ff a v
t
connec i ng rod , b u t nl o y t
one of he m is i n po r to
e a i n i n t h e

r
o di na ry
Way . o t y to
Thi s d esi gn i s c n rar ythe mea ns us ua ll
t ot o o
a dop e d , s i nce the m s c m m n me t ho to v r
d is ha e a s ep a
a te
p u m p f o r e aych c l i n d e r r. T h e p e s s u re o f t h e o il
p u m pe d ito
n t v v
h e r
al e is t e g uto t y by
la e d a u m a i ca ll t h e

arr a nge me n t h h rt to v v
G w ic Op e a e s on the s u c i n a l e of t he
oi l p u m p , m uc h ov r or v r
i n the sa me wa y a s the g e n le e i n
t t o ry
t he s a i na ov r or b
e ngi ne , no g e n tt to t
e i ng fi e d hi s engin e .

The air co mp ess r or j to t rt

for the i n ec i n and s a i ng ai r i s o f
t
the hree s a ge t ty p e a n d
,
rv i s d i e ro h
n o ff t h e c s s e a d s , t h e

rt t or rt
fi s s a ge f mi ng a se pa a e pu mp , b ut the s ec nd a nd o
t r t o b
hi d s age a re c m ine d rr
The p umps are a a nged a t th e
.

b ack of t he engi ne , the h h r y rb

i g p ess ur e c li nde ei ng s ee n i n

F i g 72
. t r oo o t bt
wa e c ling i s a d p ed e w een a ll the s a ge s t .

ro h o t ro
C s s ead s a nd c nnec i ng o t th
ds a re a d p e d for i s e ngin e
h ence the p i s to hort
n ro d i s s r tv y h r
b ut the engi ne i s ela i el hi g e
t or ry otor
ha n di na m o r tro ty
s of the f u s -
ke x ry p e . A n a u i li a

o r or
c mp ess r v by t t o ry ty
i s i ns ta lled d i e n a s a i na
p e t w o

y
c lin de r y t rt
D i esel engi ne of 5 0 H P for the s up pl of s a i ng
. .

v
a nd man oeu ri ng a i r o
a nd a ls
, h h
the a i r w i c i s u sed fo r
x ry
a u ili a u
p pr o s es T.wx ry
o a u ili a
prv u m r t
p s a r e d i e n di e c

o ff the engi ne , th b es e j t oo
ei ng the a cke c tr lin g wa e and the
b o tr
ilge p u m p s , whil e a sec nd cen ifuga l oil p u mp for unl oa d e

t rv
i ng the oil i n the a nks i s d i en o ff the a u xili ar engine y
s i nce th o y q h
i s i s nl re uire d w en i n p ort . The oil p ump for
p u m i
p gn t he o i lto
u p t t h e a n ko rv
s i s a ls d i e n o ff t h e m a i n

r
engin e c a nk s af h t by tr
means of an eccen i c .A s ma ll 1 0
. . r t
H P oil engi ne co upled di ec to a d na m p y o rov i des the
tr
elec i c p ow e r rq r ht
e ui ed for li g oth r r o
i ng a nd e u
p p ses .

or br t o o t
F ced lu i ca i n i s a d p ed for the ma in engi nes , a nd the
h br o
crank c a m e i s e ncl se d b ut i s fi ed wi tt th y rea di l remov

b
a le cas es a t f ro t b th b
n and ack , ese ei ng se en i n F i g 7 1 . . It
o ht r
wi ll b e n ti ce d t a i n gene al desi gn th i s engi ne di ffers b ut
 CONS TR UCTI ON OF DI E S E L MAR INE E NGI NE 195

t
li t le f rom t ti o ry typ f gi n m n f t d b y
the s a na e o en e a u ac ur e

th N d l nd h F b i k pr vi o ly d
e e er a sc e ri b d x pt in
a r e e us e sc e e ce

th r v r i ng
e e e sr g m nt nd it w th obj t f th
ar a n e e , a as e ec o e

d i gn r to r nd r th d p rt r
es e s e fro m m ri n
e ngi
e e p a u es a e e ne rac

ti ce a s r g rd t m ngin
e a s s ea f w nd uni mp ort nt e es as e a a as

p o i
ssb l e .

G m n Typ er a — S v r l firm m n f t es . e fo e a s a u ac ure a ur

c y l ngi f m rin work f low r p ow r nd lmo t

c e e ne or a e or e e s, a a s

i n v ri bly mpl oy
a a hi gh p d gin whi h di ff r lightly
e a S ee en e, c e s s

fro m t h t ti on ry typ f hi gh p d motor whi h h

e s a a e o s ee c as

l
a r ea dy b n d ri b d F o r or i x ylind r
ee esc e . mp loy d u s c e s are e e ,

a nd if i x th s ngi n , wi ll t r t p n th worki ng ylind r

e e es s a u o e c e s

i n ny p o i t i on f th
a s r nk h ft whi l if th r b only fo
o e c a s a , e e e e ur

c ylind r th i p mp m t b r g d to b
e s, e a r u d us e a ra n e e use as a

fifth yli nd r f c t rti ng pu p o wh n r q i d

e or s a r ses e e u re .

At th A g b g w ork e u s f th M ur hi n nf brik A g b g s o e as c e a u s ur

Nii nb g fo
r er y l ngi n
, ur c-
on tr t d p to
c e e es a re c s uc e u

B HP. . .ll y f f o
u su a ylind r wi th tw ompr or n
o ur c e s o c es s s o

th nd
e e f th b d p l t d i v n di r t ff th
o e e -
r nk h ft
a e, r e ec o e c a s a .

An g i
en n f e H Po r ni g t 4 6 5 r vo l t
. i o n .
p,
un n a e u s er

mi n t h u e, w i ght f only bo t 45 lb p
as a e B HP o nd a u . er . . . a a

f l o n m p ti on f bo t 4 2 lb p
ue c su B H P ho r
o a u Wi th °
. er . . . u .

th hi g h p d
e gsi n i
ee t i to m
en ry to fit es ,f ty g o r
s cus
v n or a a sa e e

to om i nto op r ti o n i n
c e f m rg n y
e a f in t n cas e o e e e c ,
as , or s a ce ,

i n th v nt f th prop ll r h ft br ki g nd pr v nt
e e e o e e e s a ea n , a so e e

th e e ngi n nni ng w y th
e ru rr ng m t dopt d b i ng
a a , e a a e en a e e

th t th gov rnor t n th ti on v lv f th f l p mp
a e e ac s o e su c a e o e ue u

m h i n th
uc m w y e sa wi th t ti o ry ngin
e a as a s a na e e .

I n th A g b g e g i n
u s th m urtho d f r v en r i n g w hi e h e e o e e s c

h as b n mploy d di ff r om wh t m t ri lly fr m th
ee e e e s s e a a e a o e

m ea ns g n r l l
ey d e aT h i i n
u seg l m h. f t p rov i d d ere s a s e ca s a e

wi th p r
se t m f
a a e ca th for w r d n dsr v ror r n n i nge f a a e e se u , or

ea c h f th fo r v lv n ll th ylind b t th
o e u a es o m a e c ers , u es e ca s

d n t
o o t t th v lv l v r dir t
ac u a e e i a tom ry
e e e s ec , as s cus a .

I n t d f t hi
s ea th no
o f th
s, m lift e m ll roll r f
se o e ca s a s a e , o

whi h th r ic n f
e e h m nd th v lv l v r th
s o e or ea c ca , a e a e e e us

r i v it p nd d own moti o i ndi r tly f om th m

ec e es s u a n ec r e ca

thro g h th ro ll r
u Co n id ring ny ingle valve t h r i a
e e . s e a s ,
e e s
19 6 D IE S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
r r nd r v r roll r both f whi h
fo wa d a e e se tt h d t
e , o c are a ac e o a

drum o n ntri wi th th
c ce m h ft nd
c p b l f
e ca b in g s a a ca a e o e

t rn d by m n f h nd l v r nd f Wi dth q l to t h
u e ea s o a a e e , a o e ua e

co mbi n d wi dth e f th t w s om I n th p o i t i o n f t h
e o ca s . e s o e

forw d r nni ng th
ar u forw rd roll r i down n i t m
e a e s o s ca

a nd t h v r roll r r i d t f th r ng f i t m
e re e se e a se ou o e a e o s ca

a nd th v lv l v r whi h t h
e a e e r i v i t moti on f om t h
e ,
c us ece es s r e

fo w rd
r a m T ca v . th ngi n
o re th h nd l v
erse p e e e e a e er re

vi ly m nt i on d i m ov d to th ri ght
o us e e s to th l ft th
e e or e e , us

t rni ng th d m rryi g th roll th o gh rt i n ngl

u e ru ca n e e rs r u a ce a a e,

wi th th r lt th t th
e es u forw rd roll r i li ft d w y fr m
a e a e s e a a o

it s ca m whi l t th ,
r v r roll r f ll n to th r v
s e e e se e a s o e e ers e

ca m nd a t t th v lv l v r
a c ua es e to gi v th v lv it
a e e e ,
s o as e e a e s

ro
p p r tei m i n g f r v nnori n g e er s e ru .

F or
p o w r p t 3 0 0
e s u B H P M o r K u pp b i ld .f o . . ess s . r u a ur

c y l ngi n
c e e lly f i x yli nd r wi th th
e us ua o s ompr or c e s e c ess

m o nt d n th
u e o d f th motor d i v n di r t ff t h
e en o e , r e ec o e

r nk h ft b t th r
c a s a ,
u i x w orki ng ylin d r i t i
as e e are s c e s s

unnece s sa ry to th mpr u se or m otor wh n t t

e co ess as a e s ar

i g p
n u Th ngi n i
. e e f th tot lly n lo d hi gh p d typ
e s o e a e c se S ee e

v ry i mi l r to th t dopt d f t ti on ry work th p d
e s a a a e or s a a , e s ee

for p o w r b t w
e s n bo e t 1 5 0ee d 3 0 0
a B H P b
u i n g ll y an . . . e u s ua

i n th i g hbo hoo d f 400 r vol t i o

e ne ur p mo i n t w hi l e u ns er u e, e

th w i ght p
e e B H P v ri er fro m bo t 65 to 9 0 lb p
. . . a es a u . er

B HP. . R v r i ng i
. e rri d t i m h th m w y
e s s ca e ou n uc e sa e a as

d ri b d f th tw y l ngin f thi fi m x p t th t
e sc e or e o c -
c e e es o s r , e ce a

o f o r c u se a n xh t v lv i e aus d nd t hi h a l o to b
e s use a s as a s e

r v r d By i ng ni o rr ng m nt in whi h du i ng
e e se . an e us a a e e c , r

th p ri o d f r nni ng
e e o ompr d i wh n t rting p
u on c ess e a r e s a u ,

th xh t m i provid d wi th tw mor no pi
e e a us ca s e th o e se e ce s , e

e ngi n m y w ork
e a tw y l i m otor nd h n th
as a o c -
c e a r a e ce e

torq t t rti g i o i d r bl nd th m nm v i ng
ue a s a n s c ns e a e, a e a u r

q li
ua t i orr
es
p o ncdi n g ly i m
es p rov d e .
 1 98 DI E S E L E NGI NE S F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
Messrs S ulzer . Bro s . vi ng w hi h
It i s e vi d en t th t a the sa c

o ld b ff t d w r ll th p r ti l diffi lt i ov r o m
c u e e ec e , e e a e ac ca cu es e c e,

wo ld b u ormo e ennd h b ti m t d by th m
us , a as e en es a e e co ~

p an i w hcs h v r fo ll y g o
a n i nto t h
e ca e u m tt r t bo t e e a e a a u

75 p nt
er ce f th p r .nt f o l r nni ng o te ese ue u c s s .

Tho gh i t i t u wi d t t m nt to y th t di r t
s oo e a s a e e sa a a ec

d i v n Di
r e l lo o m ot i v i i mp r ti bl i t i hi g h ly p rob b l
ese c e s ac ca e, s a e

th t b f
a h t g i r h d if i t i v r r h d
e ore su c — a s a e s ea c e s e e ea c e

a not h m n will fir t b
'
er ea s d op t d wh i h i volv s l e a e , c n es es s

ra di l di ff r
ca f m th e e nce xi ting m thod f mploym nt
ro e e s e s o e e

o f th Di e l g i n
es e A t t h
en p r n t t i me .i t i h r d l y n f ier ese e s a u a

to y th t th Di l motor i t d li t n ngin to
sa a e es e s oo e ca e a e e

t nd th gr t tr in whi h w o l d b p t p on i t nd r
s a e ea s a c u e u u ,
u e

w orki g o di t i o n wh n
c n d f lo o m oti v d i i ng
ns , e nd
use or c e r v , a

th t it m thod f o p r ti on ho ld f
a s e o p o
e a i b l b s u , as a r as ss e, e

th m
e sa wi t h ordi n ry ngi n
e as Thi p rt fro
a m oth e es . s, a a er

c on i d r t i o
s e a h gr t r t rt i g torq nd mor y
ns , s u c as ea e s a n ue , a e ea s

a nd onomi l v i ti on i n p d f r n ning bri g

ec ca ar a s ee o u ,
n s us

n t r ll y to th
a u a q t i on f th mploym nt f l tri i ty
e u es o e e e o e ec c

as n i nt rm di ry b t w
a e n th
e g
a i n n d t he d i v
ee i n g e en e a e r

wh l ee s of th l o o m ot i v end i t i c p o n th li n th
e, a t w s u e se es a e

m y a xp t m or i mm di t d v lop m t With thi

e ec e e a e e e en . s

a rr ng m t n r v r ibl Di l ngin m y b o pl d
a e en a on -
e e s e e se e e a e c u e

di r t to
ec dyn m o d li v ring i t p o w r to motor w h i h
a a ,
e e s e s c

dri v th dri vi ng wh l
e e mo g th -
dv nt g b i n g th
ee s , a n e a a a es e e

e mp loym nt o ly f m h i ry f t d rd typ (i wh i h
e n o ac ne o s an a e n c

a v ry l rg mo n t f xp ri
e a e a h u b n g i d ) gr at
o e e en ce as ee a ne , e

a dh i o es nd g oo d
n, at rt i ng tor q S o m t hi g i n thi
s a ue . e n s

di r t i on h
ec lr dy b n d o as a wi th p trol m otor
ea ee d ne e s, an

p tro
e l l tr i l
e eco o m ot i v c n w o
c m p r t i v ly o m m
e s are o o c a a e c n

o n t h Co t i n nt f
e n n br n h li n
e or u se ond i t i obvi o a c es , a s us

th t if th r i n o omy with p trol gin th vi g

a e e s a ec n e en es , e sa n

wi th D i l g i ese w i ll b en v ry m nesh g r t r A t e m e uc ea e . s ea

t rbo l tri lo omoti f m i n li n tr ffi h l o b n

u -
e ec c c ve or a e a c as a s ee

o tr t d i thi o ntry th t r di lly n w d p r

c ns uc e n s c u ,
so a no a ca e e a

t r i i volv d Up to th pr t how v r di r t rr nt
u e s n e . e e s en ,
e e ,
ec cu e

dy m o na d m otor h v b
s an m pl oy d wh i h i n t b y
s a e ee n e e ,
c s o

an y m t i f
e a ns a s ato y m tho d d
s aci t i p rob brl th t t
e h ,
an s a e a e
 THE FUTUR E OF THE DIE S E L E NGI NE 199

tr o o ot v h h
Diesel elec i c l c m i e of w i c muc may b e e pec ed h x t,

t r
in the fu u e wi ll b e a p e i n w i cty
a l e na
, i ng c u enh h tr t rr t
y o o or
d na m s a nd m t s will b e empl ed w ki ng on one of oy or ,

y yt
the m an s s e ms w i c a e h hh v b
een p e p sed r o .

It nn ot b ca lo g l o b for v ry e n ri o tt nti on will

a s e e e se us a e

b gi v n to th
e e f Di l g i
e u se o f ro d v h i les e both en ne s or a e c es ,

m otor rs d b ca d tr m r
an nd h r
u s es a n g i t n y a ca s , a e e a a n, a a

r t i n th fir t i t
a e e i t i p rob bl th t l tri i ty m y
s ns a nce , s a e a e ec c a

b e mpl oy d i n th
e m w y
e Th fin l d v l op m nt
e sa e a . e a e e e ,

how v r i di ffi lt to for t d i t i i gni fi nt to not

e e , s cu eca s ,
an s s ca e

th t n a f th l g t fir m i n G r m ny i n w
o e o e ar es g g d s e a s o en a e on

th pe rf t i o
e n f ec m ll D i l o m oto a ist b l a f di r t e se r su a e or ec

d i vi ng f m otor v hi l s
r o e c e

Wi th r g d to th e ar p t f t h m r i e asng in gecr t o e a ne e e, so ea

are th p o i bili ti
e o ff r d th t it i y to b too op ti mi
ss es e e a s ea s e s

ti c Th r
. how v r i ngl ngin nd r o tr ti on
e e a re , e e , s e e es u e c ns uc

u p to H P n d th r d o. n. t a m n y r e eo n to es o se e a ea s

su pp o th tse ft r x p r
ai n ,
a h b e n g
e i d eth r e ho ld ce as ee a ne , e e s u

b e an y d o bt to t hu o n tr as t i o n f n g i n e c f y p o w s r uc o e es o an e

th t m y b q i r d f th l rg t b ttl hi p nd th f t
a a e re u e or e a es a es s a e as

t lin r A f w y r thoro gh xp i n i ho w v r ’
es e s . e ea s u e er e ce s e e

n e cessary b for h d finit r vol ti on n b ff t d

e e s uc a e e e u ca e e ec e ,

b tu m h ti m
a s so nd m on y i
uc b ing xp nd d i n th
e a e s e e e e e

m tt r nd
a e m or ov r th m o t
, a as nt i l di fi
e e lti em s e s se a cu es see

t h v b
o a eov r om th lti m t r lt i h rdly i do bt
ee n e c e, e u a e esu s a n u .

Wh i t i r m mb r d th t th
en s e e d pt i o
e e f il g i a t e a e n o o en nes a

se a o n l rg a l i p rob bly th mo t
a e s ca e s vol ti o ry t p a e s re u na s e

whi h h c b n t k i th hi tory f m ri
as ee a en n g i n r i neg s o a ne en ee ,

e x di ng i n it i mp ort
ce e d ff t th i ntrod t i on f
s a nce a n e ec e uc o

th t m t rbin i t will b
e s ea u th t too r pid l mi
e, e s een a a a cu na

ti on i n t to b r
s o h d p rti l rly i n i w f th m ny
e ea c e ,
a cu a v e o e a

c onfli ting i nt r t i nvolv d Mo t f th Admir lti

c e es s e . s o e a es

are e x r i i g o mm d bl piri t f t i o nd nd vour

e c s n ac en a es o ca u na e ea

ing to rry t xp ri m nt
ca ou l rg
e e l th e ff t f s on a a e s ca e , e e ec o

wh i h wo ld n t b di
c u tro v n i n th v nt f f il r
o e sa s us e e e e e o a u e .

Th i i w ll in t n d i n th
s s e s a f th Bri t i h Ad mi r lty
ce e ca se o e s a

whi h i c q i ppi ng t wi n r w r i r wi th Di l gi n
s e u a -
sc e c u se a es e en e

(o f H P ) h. f t . w h i l t t
on one s h oth r i d ai v n by ,
s e e s r e a
200 D I ES EL ENGINES F OR LAND AND MAR I NE WOR K
t
s e a m seti n the us ua l way , whi le i n the case of an her twin ot
screw vessel eac h
shaft i s to ha e a stea m ur i ne a nd a v t b
Di es el engi ne , wi th a clutch e ween s o a the engin e bt th t
rv h t h
d i es the s af throug the ur i ne , whi c i s onl i n O p e a r t b h y
ti on t hig h p d
a s ee s .

Th d p ti on f Di
e a el ngin f o rg o v l m y n w
ese e es or ca es se s a o

be sa id t h v h do omm i l t g i n vi w f th
a e reac e a c erc a s a e e o e

f t th t b t
ac pato t n w
oa s ui ll b q i pp d i n ho to s e so e u e a s r

ti m Th introd ti on f th motor f hi gh p d li n
e . e uc o e or s ee ers

wi ll d p nd m h n th r
e e lt uc f th m y l rg
o engi n es u s o e an a e e es

n w nd r
o u n tr ti on nd i t i f to y th t provi d d n
e co s uc , a s sa e sa a , e o

ser i ou ins mount bl difii ulti

or s ur n o nt r d in
a e c es are e c u e e

th th f t r p o i bili ti
e se ca se s , e f th Di
u u e l gi n f
ss es o e es e en e or

th l g t bo t
e ar es lm o t unli mi t d
a s are a s e .
202 AP P E ND I X

t
fi te d th t th a lub ri ca ting oil can b e dra ine d m eta l or
e conta ined

meta l li ned tray mus t b e fi ted to prevent lea ka ge of ei t er fu el

-
t h
oil or of lub ri ca ti ng oil fr om sa tura ting the w oo od w rk .

(7 C a r b ure to trs ,
w here
p e tor l i s u se d ,
a n d v or
a p i z e rs w h e r e ,

p ara ffin i s u s e d s h
ou l d b e s o d
, es i g n ed tht h
a w e n t h e en g i n e i s

s tepp ed the fuel s upp ly is a uto ma i ca ll y s ut offt h I f a n ver o

ov
flow i s p r i ded in the car u e tor b r t or v o ap rizer, a gau z e c v ered o -

tray wi th tt
means of dra ini ng i t must b e fi ed to p re en the f uel v t
o flo
fr m t
wing i n o the b ilges .

o ho
S tr ng meta lli c gauz e dia phra gms s uld b e fi ted ei er b e t th
t t
w een the carb ure to r (or vap oriz er) a nd cyli nders or a t the
ai r inl e st .

()
8 I f t h e ig n i i ton i s ele ctr i c , e th
i e r b y m ag n e to or b y c o
il a n d
t t
accumul a or , all elec ri c leads mus t t
b e well i nsula ed an d sui t
b
a ly
p r ot t o
ec h
e d fr m mec a ni cal i nj ury T he le a d s s ho
ul d b e .

t ot o t o ho
kep re m e fr m p e r l p ip es , a nd s ul d not b e p la ced w ere h
th ey ma y b e b ro ht t o t th
ug in o c nta c wi oil .

o t tor
The c mmu a t
mus b e encl sed o a nd the sp ar kin g co ils

t
mus not b e pla ced w ere h th o
ey can b e exp sed to expl si e o v
v poa urs .

()
9 N o x p o d pe k g p ho
se l d s b ar fi tt d a s u e e .

( )
1 0 I p ffi
n d h
ara y il n an g i w h ea vl m p o d en nes ere a s are us e

for ig i ti o n f v po i i g th l mp ho ld b fix d b y
n or or a r z n , ese a s s u e e

so m e suit b l b ak t ed th fl m ra c e l o d wh
, an i e a e enc se en n use .

( )
1 1 T h i l ti m
e c rcu a
g p p tino i to
u h v s sea suc k n s a e a c oo or

lv th v l ki p l d th t n f th b il g i
’
va e on e es se s s n a ce on e ur o e e n an
ea s ily ibl p o i ti o
a cces s d th e i s l ti g pi p i to b p
n, an e c rcu a n e s e ro

v i d d w i th
e mi t t i i i d th v l Th di h g
an e c en s ra ner ns e e es se . e sc ar e

ov b o d i t b fitt d wi th
er ar s o e k v lv
e th v l
a coo or a e on e es s e
’
s

s ki if i t i
n it t d s d s ua e th lo d li
un er or nea r f th l e a ne o e ves se .

( )
1 2 A b ilg p m p w o k ed b y nug i r i d e p d t p o w
e nes or an n e en en er

dri v b ilg p mp i to b fitt d to d w f om

en e u s e h p t f th
e ,
ra r eac ar o e

v l I p n l h thi bilg p mp m y b omi tt d

es se . n O e a unc es s e u a e e

p ov
r id d i te b l h su d p mpa e fi ttan d u s are e .

( )
1 3 T h y li d e c t b nt t d b
ers a re y h y d o li p e t es e ra u c ressure o

twi th wo ki g p
ce e rt w hi h th y will b
n res sure bj t d
o Th c e e su ec e . e

w t a er j k t f th yli d
ac e s o t 5 0 lb p e c q i
n ers h d th o . er s . nc , an e

e xh t p ip d il
a us to 100 lb p q i h
es a n s encer . er s . nc .

( )
1 4 T h xh t i
pp
e e d ilau s ho ld b
es a n ffi i t
sly w t
encer s u e e c en a er

c ool d l gg d t p v t d m g b y h t d if th xh t
e or a e o re en a a e ea ,
an e e aus

i l d o
s e bo d v er th w t ar li n ea r m m t b
e a er r gd -
ne , ea ns us e a ran e
t p v t w t
o re en b i g yp h d b k to th gi
a er e n s one ac e en ne .
 AP P E ND IX 203

1
( )5 Th e m a c i nery h
m u st b e ri e d und er full w rki ng c ndi t o o
o r ot tt
ti ns , the ep r s a i ng the a pp i ma e sp eed of essel , the rox t v '

b
n um er of re vo t o
lu i ns of the eng ines a t full p w er, a ead o both h
a nd a stern , a nd the l w es o
num er of re v lu i n s of t he engines t b o to
h t
w hi c can b e ma in a ined for ma n oeuvring p urp ses o .

R UL E S F OR D E TE R Me o S IZ ES or S nm s

t o 3 Th
S ec i n k i t m di t
. d oth eh ft if f
cra n ,
n er e a e, an er s a s o

o di y mil d t l to b f t l di m t th
r nar s ee gi v
are e o no es s a e ers a n as en

i th follow i g t bl
n e Wh p i l t l i
n d th i
a e. to en s ec a s ee s use ,
e s z es a re

be submi tt d f o id ti o e or c ns e ra n .

()
1 F p t o
orl p fli n e r
g i f m ooth w t or i a ra en n es or s a er s er v ces

Di m t a f k h ft i i h
e er o C iD S
cra n s a n nc es /

wh D
ere di m t f yli d i i h
a e er o c n er n nc es .

S t ok f pi ton in i hs r e o s nc es .

F o ur S troke Cy cle .

F o r 1 , 2, 3 or 4 Cy ls .

6 Cy ls .

8
12

F or Op en s ea s s ervi ce a dd 02 to C .

D ia me t
i n ermedia e
er of t t
a n d s crew s ha f s i n i nc es

h
w ere D
0 VD S (n 3 )

dia m e er of cyli nd er i n inc es

t
t
h } h .

S to
s r ke of p i s on i n i nc es t h .

71 num er of cyli nd ers

. b .

F or s m ooth wa tr e s er vi ces F or op en s eas servrces

C °
15 5 for in t medi a
er t e C °
l 65 .

h ft s a s .

C °
l 70 f w h ft
or s cre s a s
‘

C ~
1 80 .

fitt d w i th o ti e c n nu
li ous ners .

C 1 80 f w h ft
or scre s a s C -
1 90 .

fitt d wi th p et se ara e

li w i th
ners or no

li ners .
20 4 AP PE ND I X
In engines of two stroke cycle, a is to b e taken as tw i ce the
-

numb er of c li nders y
W
.

(2) hen or di na ry deep u s t collars are used the di a m e ter thr

of the s haft bt
e w een the c llars is to b e at least 3 the of tha
{ o t
(3 ) I n th e ca s es of D IE S EL and o er E ng i nes i n whi c th hv ery
hig h t
ini ia l p re ssures are emp l y ed , p a ti cul ars shoul d o r be
t
su b mi ted for special cons i dera i n to .

F UE L TANKS m CONN E xrorrs

S ec i on 4
()
1 S et
p a ra e fuel ta n
.k s are t
to b t t d with ll e es e a

tt h
fi ings to a ead of a t leas 1 5 fee of wa
, t t t If p f d er . res s ure ee

t o
a nks are empl yed , t ey are h
b e tested to to twi th w o ki g ce e r n
whi h will om
c c th m b t t l t t h d f 1 5 f t f w t
e on e u a eas o a ea o ee o a er .

I f th t k e m d
a n s are fi o a t l th y ho l d b g l
e o r n or s ee i d e s u e a va n s e .

()
2 S t o g d
r n d i l yan m vreab l m t lli g re d i
o a p h g m e e a c auze a ra s

s h l d b fitt d t ll p i g
ou e e a pa t l tO k en n s on e ro an s .

()
3 P ffi ara h v yn or il t n k ea n t d od p a s, o us e un er ress ure , are

t b o fitt d wi th i p ip
e e l di g bov d k
a r es P ea nf d a e ec . ressu re -
ee

t k an s an d t nk o t i i g p tr l ho l d b pro id d wi th
a s c n a n n e o , s
p u e v e es ca e

l
va ves di h gi g i to pip sc ar n l di g to th
n tmo ph es ea bv n e a s ere a o e

d k ec Th .
pp e u d f ll i
er en s oppi to b t a da rd w d e s a re e urne o n an

pp i es b a 1 i h
ove d i m t nc to b ap v i d d w
e er are i th g e ro e a uze

di p h gm
a ra t th s a d e en .

()4 N g l 0 g g ass to b fi
a u es a rett d to f l t k o t
e i i g e ue an s c n a n n

e i th er
p t o l pe r ffi , hara v y il n or ea o .

()5 F illi g pp i n to b es are i d th o gh t h d k

e carr e th t r u e ec so a

th g e di p l
as d f om th t k h
s a ce r fr p e to ant h t
s m o as ee es ca e e a

s p h ere .

()6 S p t
e f l
ara et k houe l d b p v i d
an s s d w i th m u t l li d e ro e e a -
ne
t y t p v t y po i b l l k g f om th m flowi g i to
ra s o re en an ss e ea a e r e n n
th bilg e es ,t ti g woodwo k A g m t
or sa ura n t b r . rra n e en s are o e

p rov id d f e m t
p y gi
or e th t k d
n d i i g teh t
an s an
y b th ra n n e ra s enea

th m F p t ol t k th t y m t h v d i l di g
e . or e r an s e ra s us a e ra ns ea n
v bo d wh po ibl th y ho ld b g
o er ar ere ss e or o dt y e s u e auze c vere -
ra s

wi th m f d i i g th m
ea ns or ra n n e .

(7 All f l p pi ue to b f
e s are l d m l e opp w i t h
a nn ea e sea es s co er

fl xi b l b d Th ir j oi t
e e en s . to b o i l m t l to m t l
e n s are e c n ca ,
e a e a .

A k
coo v lv i to b fitt d t h d f th p ip o v yi g
or a e s e e a ea c en o e e c n e n

th f l f om th t k to th
e ue r e b r tto or v po i r Th
an e car u e r a r ze . e

f l p ip
ue ho ld b l d i po i tio wh th y p ot t d
es s u e e n s ns ere e are r ec e
 20 6 AP P E ND I X
an expa ns i o t k pl i p forming w rk wh b y p
n a es a ce n er o , ere ressure

d t mp
an et r f th omb tio g d
era u e o g i e c us n ases ecrea s e a a n .

I ll hi th t k ow
n a omb ti o p o
er o th
n omb ti n c us n r ces ses , e c us on

p rocess i l ft t i t sl f oo
e t h i goni ti on t k se
p l th
as s n as e a es a ce , e

p u
ress d th
re an t m p t f th m e e t g l t d
era ure o e sa e are no re ua e or

o t oll d d i g th p p p o di g f omb tio i p

c n r e ur n e rO er r cee n o c us n n ro

p o ti or t t h n oth xi ti g vol me f th bo d
en e
y f i s n u e o e o a r .

F om thi w o g p op ti
r s b tw r n p t m pr t or on e een res sure , e era ure

an d vol m r lt i u ll th e p oes u t h f ollonw i g ai ese r ce sses e n ncen

()
1 The t mp t p od d b y th omb tio i lw y
e era ure r uce e c us n s a a sS O

hi gh th t th,
a tt i m t f h m t mp t
e a a n en o su c f th a ea n e era ure o e

o t t f th ylind th t will d p o ibl th m i t i i g

c n en s o e c er a ren er ss e e a n a n n

th e p tar s t ig ht t h l b r i
,
t i o e d i
u g ca l th n p ant i l n enera e ra c ca

wo ki g f th m hi n
r n o e b obt i d o ly b y
ac e , ca n e g ti ll
a ne
y n ener e ca

c ooli g th yli d or f
n e c n ers w ll r p ti ly w h urnace -
f om
a s es ec ve , ere r

will lt
res u g at l o f
rea h t ss o ea .

()2 T h o me b c ti o g us i n ffi i t
a ses ly ooarel d b y th
ns u c en c e e

e xp a ns io d th y
n an p w hil
e t ill
es cai ve y hot o
e s di t i o n a er c n n,
whi h o ti t t
c c ns o d g t lo f h t
u es a sec n rea ss o ea .

Al o th s ,
moto ese g i i w h
r eni h p r n esi i onm p d f
c o m u e a r s c res s e r

1 to 2 ( F ig l )
see df li i j t d
. an dd ly i th
ue s n ec e ighbo su en n e ne ur
hood f p oi t 2 whil ig i ti g th m i m lt o ly how th
o n e n n e sa e s u a ne us , s e

i ncreas e o f p 2 3 ombi d wi th o i d
ress ure , c bl ine f c ns era e ncreas e o
t mp
e t
era ure .

Th e sam t k pl e a i mot
es a ceg i w
n hi h d i v t
or en h m nes c r e e co

p res si o to
n h i g h so d g th t t
a h m i xt
e ree r i i g i
a t d p o e u e s n e S n

t a neous ly b y th t mp t p od d b y th omp i o
e e era ur e r uce e c ress n .

Th ig i ti g p oi t
e n n f th mo t p t f f l
n s o e sv y l w (f ar o ue s are er o o

p t
e ro l meu f i t t
or ns an ce a f o m 7 0 to 1 00 C )
r w h b y
°
t h m
°
. en e co

p res s i o tnh i t m ps t r
e h bera u e p o d d asw h i h w
eenill b t h r uce , c e e

ca s e a rea l dy t l w p a o (i t h res sures f p t o l n m t e ca s e o e r eu a a

p ressure i f i o
n er t 5 t m r o p h
o i t
a h s f geres , t bo n t e ca s e o as a a u
1 5 tm o ph
a s ) t h
eres i g i t i o w ille t k n
p l np o t o ly a t h e ace s n a ne us , e

c omb tio followi g th ig i tio h l o i th t mp

us n n e n n ere a s ra ses e e era

t v y o i d b ly d p od th i
ure er c ns era an r fp uces 2 3 e ncrease o ressure ,

(see F ig l ) . T h . h i g h t t m
e p t es o m be ti o t m
era ure or c
p us n e era

t o i g d i g th omb tio i ti ly i d p d t f
ure ccurr n ur n e c us n s en re n e en en o

th b e i g
urn n ig i ti g p oi t
or n whi h d p d o l y
n n s, p o t h
c e en n u n e

p yh i s ca l p p o t i
r fert h f l
es o e ue .

I n p t i
ra c t h ce x p l o i e C o m b ti o
s on p o or q c i us n r cess re u res
a m t i l ti m f thi
a er a e, on th lin 2 3 i t q it v ti l
or s rea s e e , s no u e er ca ,
 AP P E ND I X 20 7

b ut, as s how n In d ott d li

e nes , s om wh t i
e a ncli ned wi th th o
e r unded

t
tra nsi i on at 3 .

The c h t ti
arac eris c fea t
ure of a ll th e se p o
r cess es remains ,

o vr
h we e
r
I nc ease of the pressure a nd of the temp era ure b y the com t ,

tr
b usti on and during the la t e , and the sub se quen performance t
20 8 AP P E NDI X

of o k b y xp n i
w r Th pre a f mb ti o
s on ft ig i tio
. e ocess o co us n a er n n

i l ft t i t lf
s e o se .

Th w p e ne h i ft drocess rib d diff ompl t ly fromere na er esc e ers c e e

all th oth hi th to k ow p ro
e er It i
er p r tn d i th n ces ses . s re esen e n e

th o ti l di g m how m F ig 2 I n thi p o p
e re ca a ra s tmo
n . . s r ces s ure a
sp h i i i
er c a rm pr d m s co
y li d o d i g to
es se v t a c n er acc r n cur e o

suc h d g th t b y thi omp io f om th b gi i g

a e ree, a s c ress n r e e nn n
b foe y m
re a nb ti o t k cop l th hi
usg h t p n f ath es ace , e es ressure o e

di g m
a ra d b y thi ,
t th
an m ti m th high t t mp s a t e sa e e, e es e era ure

i p d
s d th t i to
ro uce y th
, t mp a t ts w hi h t h sa b e e era ure a c e su se

q t omb ti o h t t k pl
uen c us nm ly th asomb ti o o a e ace , na e e c us n

t mp t ( t th b i g ig i ti g poi t)
e era ure no e urn n or n n n .

If i t b d i d f ei t th t th l t omb ti o h ll
es re , or ns ance , a e a er c us n s a
t k pl t t mp t r f 700 C th p
a e ace a a e will b
era u e o f 64
°
.
, e ressure e o

atm ph r f 800 C th p
os e es will b
or f 90 tm p h
°
. e ress ure e o a os eres ,

a nd so on.

t thi omp d body f i i th n g d lly i t od d

In o s c resse o a r s e ra ua n r uce
f om
r t id fi ly di vi d d f l whi h ig i t
ou s e ne eth i m ue i , c n es as e a r ass s

h t d by omp ion f b v th t mp t
ea e c res s ar a o y e e e era ure n ecessa r

f ori fl mm ti o
n a im lt
a o ly with th g d l i t od ti o
n, s u a ne u s e ra ua n r uc n

o f f l n xp n i o
ue a e f th b ody f i t k pl
a s n o ewhi h i r g o a r a es ace , c s e u

l t d i
a e h m
n suc th t th ooli g
a ann er d b y th a xp io
e c n cause e e a ns n
d t oy
es r t s a h mom t th h t prod d b y th omb ti o
eac en e ea uce e c us n
o f th v l i trod d p rti l f f l owi g to thi th m
e se era n uce a c es o ue , n s e co

b tius how it ff t
on s s t by i
s e ec f t mp
no t b t an ncreas e o e era u re , u

s ol ly by wo k do ; d l o t b y i r
e r ne an fp a s no an nc e a se o ressure , as

it t k ap l es i n onace q f thc i m l t o
se uence o x p i o t e s u ane us e ans n a
d r i gp
ec eas n r ressu e .

Th omb tio t k pl
e c us o di g t th
n a es 2 3 (F i g
ace acc r n o e curve , .

on q tly it i t dd
c se uen b t i t t k pl
s no a su d i ng en one , u a es ace ur
an e x tly p ri b d p ri od f dmi i o f f l d ri g th
ac re sc e e o a ss n o ue u n e

p i to s t o k
n s r w w h i h p e i o d f, dm i i o
c i gerl t d d d o t r a ss n s re u a e an e e

mi d b yne di t i b ti g d vi
a s r d whi h h
u n f it
e ce lt an c as or s res u ,

th t th omb stio p o di g ft r th ig i tion i t l ft t

a e c u n r cee n a e e n s no e o
i t lf b t i r g l t d d i g i t whol d
se , u s e u a e ti o in h m nn
ur n s e ura n suc a a er

th t p a t mp r t r d vol m
res sure, e i
e a u e an
p ri b d p u e are n a resc e ro

p ort i o I t
n. i th d r t i o s f th i e d m i i
u ao p i od w hi
n o h i s a ss n er c s
fix d by th di t i b ti g d vi
e e s r th gov rno
u n l infl e ce th e e r a so uences e
d uration f thi p iod whi h wi th th d mi ion p i d f
o s er , c , as e a ss er o o
t m
s ea g i en m y bnes ,f 1 0 p a t d m
e o or f t h p i t er c en . an e o e s on s
’

t ok b t d
s r e, u t i i m t n m yb d dt l
un er cer a n c rcu s a ces a e re uce o a e ss

p t
ercen a e o
g f th p i to n tro k e s
’
s s e
210 AP P E ND I X

ra ther the mean te mpera t ure of the cy lind er conte nts necessa ry

for keeping the parts ighb t t

lu ri ca t ed , and i n genera l for the and

p rac ticaor
l w ki ng o f t he obt
e ng in e , o y by
i s a i ned s le l th e p ro cess

h by
i tself , w ere o o o
also i t difiers fr m a ll the kn wn pr cesses .

o rt r o to
F i g 3 sh ws a fu he m difica i n of the process con
.

t t t o o o t
sis ing i n tha the firs peri d of the a ir c mpressi n a kes pla ce -

to t hrb rt t v
under inj ec i n of wa er, w e e y fi s the fla te r cur e 1 , 2 i s
t t th o
formed , and ha en o r o o
nl y the sec nd pa t of the c mpre ss i n
t t t to t o
wi hou wa er inj ec i n akes place ac c rdi n g
-
to t the s eeper
v o to x o o t
cur e 2, 3 whereupon the c mb us i n a nd e pa nsi n i s c nd uc ed

x t r
e ac ly in the sa me ma nne as in F i g 2 t tB y hi s means I a ta i n . .

b h r o
cons i dera ly o t th
ighe c mpressi n press ures ha n in F ig 2 wi -
.

out reachi ngtoo h t h o oo

hig te mpera ures whi c w uld requi re a c li n g

In c nse o quence of the grea t er b q t fall of p re s sur e the su se ue n

e xp a ns io
f om 3 to 4 ool th body f th g
n r c s to g t r
e o e as a rea e

e xt t th xh t g
en e e a us
p th fo i
a ses esca o l d e o d i ti o
ere re n a c er c n n

th in F ig 2 d y w y till l h t thi modi fi ti o

an . an ca rr a a s ess ea s ca n

o f th p o e i v
r ces s
g th r f o hi es
g h fe el ff t
re er us e u e ec s .

Th xh t g m y i thi
e e a us ases b a ool d v b low th
n s ca se e c e e en e e

a tmo ph i t mp t
s er c e d b thera ure a n l d w y t b e tili d en e a a o e u ze

for re frig ti g p po
era n Th ur lt f th ses . w p o e res u m o e ne r cess co

p ared w i th ll t h oth
a h i th et k o w erp o i
er o o i d n b nl r ces s es s a c ns era e

sa vi g f l th wo k do m i i g th m
n on ue , e r ne r e a n n e sa e .

A y ki d f f l in
n n o y t t
ue f gg g r an t i o i
s a e o i t b l f a e a n s su a e or

car ryi g t th p o
n ou e r ces s .

I n th f liq i d or g
e cas e o v po
u s p t i v
a se s or l y j t a urs re s ec e , a e

o fg as or li q i d i di p r d
u sd p s e se i di vi d d
un er tt res sure n as e a s a e as

p o i b
ss l i to
e thn bo d y f oem p d i do i c g th p i o
ress e d f a r ur n e er o

a dmi io ss d
n , an lo g th l tt r l t
as n as S oli d f l m y b
e a e as s . ue s a e

i trod
n d i
uce p lv r
n al t du t like u en o d i t i oor h o
us li d-
e c n n , suc s

f l whi h i h ti g gglom r t
ue s c n ea n a i t bl f e a e, y or a re unsu a e or a n

oth r on f b ing d
e rea s s or p e v i o l us e
y g ifi ,
d a re Li q i dre us as e . u

f l m y b
ue s a o v rt d p vio ly i to v p o
e c n e e re d th us i t o n
'

a ur a n en n r

d uc ed i thi fo m n s M tt i fl mm bl wi th diffi lty h

r . a e rs n a a e cu s uc as

an th it d th lik m y b mi x d with dily i fl mm b l

ra c e an e e, a e e rea n a a e

su bt s a nces h p t ol m d th li k
suc as e r eu an e e .

Th p o e m y b
r cess i d a t in i gl or do bl
e carr e ou ti g a s n e u e ac n
v rti l ho i o t l yli d with
e ca or r z n a c m o p i to
n er wo ki g one or re s ns r n

on th e sam flywh l h fte d wi th

ee s a mo an tg f m on e or re s a es o co

p i
res s o n a n d x p i o e F i g 4
a ns d 5 h
n o.w m o t s .
g i an w i th S a or en ne
i gl
s n e ti g yli nd n C wi th pl g
c er i to P th d t i l of un e r n e e a s
ac
p s ,
 AP P E NDI X 21 1

whic h o t t d f high pr
are c ns r uc e or Pi to P i o td essures . s n s c nn ec e

b y th g id e u o ti g d b d
e a , c nn ec n k wi th th flywh l
ro an cran c e ee

s h ft d i th
a n l m e u suar ann e .

Th flywh l h ft d i
e ee st I by m
a r ves a f hyp b o li tooth d ea n s o er c e
wh l th v rti lly p w d
ee s e e ca xt di g h ft gu ar e i
y g t h en n s a carr n e

g ov ernor d d i v
an i g th ho r i o n t l d i t i
e b t i g hrz f t h n a s r u n s a .

T th l tt
o e a d m i wh i h t th ight mom t
er a re secure ca s c a e r en

op th i v lv A (F i g 5 ) d th f l v lv l Th g r f
en e a r -
a e . an e ue a e a . e ea or
th l tt e a i l
er ly how i F i g 4 f th v lv A i t i
s c ea r s n n f i mil
. or e a e s o s ar

c o t tio A oo th m i
n s r uc n . s s n as t f tio th tw
e ca s a re o u o ac n, e o

va lv es a re p d d o w
res s e g i t th i t
n a a ns b y t h p i g l e r sea s e s rn s .

Th p e whi h
rocess o di g to thi i v tio t k pl
c acc r n s n en n a es ac

i th
n yli d 0 i
e c n er follow s as s

()1 D o w w d nt o k f
ar p i to
s r P p o
e o d d b y s m l t
n d r uce accu u a e

v si vi v i ath nflywh l f om th p di g wo ki g t ok
e ee r e rece n r n s r es .

A tm o ph i s i i er c a r k d i th o gh th ops suc e v lv A i to th
n r u e en a e n e

c y li d n er 0 t h l o w
, t p o i
e ti o fes t h p i to s i ho w
n o i d ott d e s n s s n n e

li nes i F ig 4n d m k d wi th 1
. an ar e .

2
() p U w d tro kar f t h s p i to P
e o p o d d e l o by sth n r uce a s e acc u

m l t d i
ua e iv
v s v f th flywh l th v lv A b i g
a o e ee w lo d , e a e e n no c se .

Th i p vi o ly
e a r re k di i us omp d t h high pr
s uc e n s c res s e o s uc ess ure s ,

th t th t mp t t whi h l t th omb tio h t t k

a e e era ur e a c a er e c us n as o a e

p l a ce , na m ly ely t h ,h i
n ea r
g h t t m p te f t h p es o i e era ure o e r ces s , s

p ro d uced b y t h i o m p i o s c lo ress n a ne .

Thi somp io p c res s i d t mi d b y th p

n ressure rib d
s e er ne e resc e

c omb tio t mp t
us n e d i t i p od
era ure d b y th p i to P
an s r uce e s n ,

whi h i i t dott d
c , n s d po i ti o 2 (F i g 4 ) will h v
e en s omp d n . a e c res se

th q e ti ty f i d w i to th vol m o po di g to th
ua n o a r ra n n e u e c rres n n e

p resc r i b d p e ress ure .

S h p uc ot b obt i d if from th b gi i g f l
ressure s cann e a ne e e nn n ue

i s a d mix d to th e ,
i h f i t
e a r suc in g as d p t ol m or ns a nce a s an e r eu

moto i th i
rs , a s n l dy t l w p
s ca se a rea t i t rm di t a o res sur es a n e e a e

p o i t n s of t h t o k m
e s r l y oo
e na th e i g i ti g p
as s o i n t f t h n as e n n o e

f l h
ue b ob t i d (thi t mp t b i g i g
as een a ne s e l v y era ure e n n enera er

l w ) i g i ti o wo ld t k pl
o n n u di a o q e ace , an th of i t n c nse uence ere n er

ru p ti o f
n t h o p i b d e o m pre s cr i o b e
y o m b c t i o w o l d
res s n c us n u

ens u e so th t i ha i t wo ld b i mp o ibl to
n s uc ca s es y t u e ss e carr ou

th p e ib d p o
re s cr e r ces s .

()3 S o d d
ec n o w w d t k nf t har p i t s ro P t e ow o k i g e s on or rue r n

t ok
s r e .

Th hopp e B o t i er p l v i
c n a ns d o l i t o d u d th o
er s eg h t h c a n r uce r u e

lat eral op i g en nh w in F i g 5 n s Thi h pp i h t ff f m

o n . . s o er s s u o ro
21 2 AP P E ND I X .

the cylinder 0 b y means of a o

c ck t
D ro a ted b y the di s ri b u i ng t t
h t
s af b y means of the yp eh b
r h o o
o li cal w eels sh wn . The c ck is
o o o to
sh wn to a la rger sca le i n f ur p si i ns a t F ig 6 ; i t i s p r ov . i d ed
t t
wi h a la era l gr oov h h e r whi c to
w en i n i ts up p er posi i n a i s
h
c arged wi th o t v
c a l d us o ho r
arri i ng fr m the h pp e B w e n t h e

o vo v
c ck re oov t
l es , the gr o e urns t ward s the i ns i de of the cy li nder

(see b ) t i n tohi s p o s i ir btn th e p ress u e e w ee n th e i n t e ri o r o f th e

cylinder and the gr oov t e i s firs ooequa li z ed , a s the l se powd e r

o o
d es not ffer any ob t th to s ac le oth r o t o
ere i n the e p s i i n s , o n e

of whi c h o o o o
is sh wn a t c ; the c ck all ws the c a l dust to t fall in o
the co mpressed air ; o to h t wi ng t the i gh e mp era ure of th is a ir
o t o
the c al a kes fire a nd p r duces hea t t whi ch i mm edi a e ly in
,

o t o to ov
the m men of i ts pr duc i n is c n erted i n to o o w rk b y a c rre
o
s p ondi ng f rward m ov t to
emen of the pi s n .

t o to
The i n r d uc i n of the p wdeo rt a kes place grad ua lly i n a

p r esr c i b e d stp ace of i m e i n ato m a nn e r s i m il a r t h e sa n d i n a n

ho r t t t
u gla s s , the si z e of the i nle s li tode e rmi nes the dura i n o f
t o to b o
the in r d uc i n during the prescri ed p eri d of ad mi ssi n of o
th e fuel . tt o t
The quan i y of c a l i s de ermined b y the siz e o f the
g roov e o f o t h e c ck . oT h o
es e i nne r to t r g a n s i n c m b i n a i n w i h th e

ot tr b t v
u e r di s i u in g de i ce i nsu er t t b to
ha the prescri ed dura i n
o o
of a dm i s s i n is c mpli ed with t t t oa nd h a t th e las c a l p ar i c les
o h
nly pa ss i n w en the pi sto v o
n has a rri ed a t the end of the p eri d

o
of ad mis s i n .

o b t o th
The gradual c m us i n b o ty
us d es cri ed c ns equen l con

t o o to
tin ues un il the p i s t n ha s arri ved i n i ts p si i n 3 (d ott ed li ne in

F ig . th o t
At oov
i s m men the gr o t e of th e c c k i s emp i ed a nd

p a s ses iot
n f t t
r n o f the inle o sli , th e t o
a d m i s s i n o f f u e l i s h er e f r e

sto pp e d . T h th
e a ir mi xed wi o b o th e otc m u s ti n g a se s c n i n u es

to to t
e xp a nd a u ro o o
ma ica ll y , in pe f rmi ng w rk , while the wh le
g a s o o
b d y, to w i n g t th e g r ea f oo v
a ll o f p r e s s ur e ,
i s c le d e ry
o b
c ns i d era ly , a ndth o o o t o t oo
i s s lely b y d ing W rk and wi h u c li ng
t tb t
the cyli nder w a lls , the la te r b eing sui a ly insula ed b y a j a cke t
8 (F i g .

()4 S e c n o
d u p w ar d s to
r k e o f t h e p ito
s o
n P p r d u c ed b y t h e

vi s vi va o f th e fl y w h ee l .

Th e ga s bo v
dy i s dri en out as b y a bo t o h
l wpi p e , hr ug the
v v
a l e A (or th o
r ugh a sep ara te b l w o ff o v v to
-

al e ) i n a pi pe p

F i
( g ) 5. le a d i n g i t a w a y a s t h e sa i d b o d y b oo
h a s e en c l ed a l rea dy

p re v i o
u t o
sly nea rly e n i rely b y e xp a ns i n , i t c arri es a wa y , a s a

o t
lo s s , n ly i ns ig ni fican quanti ties of ea h t The residues of the
.

c o m ub s t i o n a re c otn a i n ed i n ver
y t o
s m a ll q u anti y i n the f rm of a
214 AP P E NDIX

a r
la rge centra l cylinder B b y the two v alves a h
w i ch a re a s o l
ot
c n rolled , the two c m us i n cylinders o b to are in co m muni ca i on t
t
wi h th e a ir es sel L v .

The cranks of the two c li nders C are y r

a ra nged in the sa me

F ro . 7

p o i tis h y f m wi th th
on , and t e k f th
or t l yli d e cran o e cen ra c n er

B l
a n an
g f e o

Th w o ki g f thi
e r o t ti o i follow Th pi t Q
n o s c ns ruc n s as s e s on

dr w i
a si b y it
n a r p t o k th ro g h v
s u lv d m
s rp e t h u a e , co resse s e

l tt
a b y it d w
er t ok t
s o ti p
n s r d th
e fo
o a cer a n res sure an en rces

th i th o gh v lv g t th
e a r r u i v a l L e o e a r esse .

Th low e p t f th er t lar y li d
o th f o o l
e cen ray v c n er ere re n ser es

i p mp
as a n a r d ff t th p p
u an t y omp i f th
e ec s e re a ra o r c re ss o n o e

comb tio i us n a r .

Thi p p sto y om p io ho ld g o l y to h xt t
re ara r c res s n s u o n suc an e en

th t th h ti g f th i p od d b y thi omp i o m i
a e ea n o e a r r uce s c res s n re a ns

b tw mod t li mi t
e een era e s .

Wt o l a er n g
zz es d t i ll t t h
are arra n e
gg o gh wh i h d i g s a r u c ur n

th p r p r to y omp
e e a a io rw t c m y b i j t d t
res s n,l w a er a e n ec e a a o

d g e ree Thi w t
. i th sdi h g d g i thro gh th
a er s en o kh sc ar e a a n u e c c

of th i ve a r l esse .

Th p o e m ybr ce s s i d t i th
a wi th wi tho t i j ti o
e ca rr e ou e er or u n ec n

Th tio i th yli d C i x tly th m h b

e ac n n e c n ers s e ac e sa e as as een
 APP E NDI X 215

descri b d wi th
e reference to F i gs 4 a nd 5 , excep ing hat p is ton
. t t
P does not dr aw in the r o h
a ir f om the atm sp ere d uri ng i ts d wn o
to
s r ke b ut fr m o v ess el L in w i c h h r
the a ir i s al ead y under pres
r
su e . to
At i ts ups r ke pi s n P to th t
ere fore effec s the sec nd sta e o g
o
of the c m press i n up o to r b
the p escri ed degree o
The l wer and .

o to
upper end p si i ns of the pis to
n are sh wn in d o ot te d lines and
t
marked wi h 1 and 2 .

t ov o
P i s o n P ne w m es d wnward a ga in to o t o
p s i i n 3 , f b
ue l ei n g
r t t y ro
du ing his i me gradua ll int duce d and the c m us ion con o b t
tor ll ed , as ab ov
e d es cri e d b o
At 3 the admi ssi n of fuel cea s e s
.

ot
a nd the a ir c n i nues to
e xpa nd h t
w en the pis o n has arri ed v
o t o t
in i ts l wes p si i o n 1 v v o
al e b p en s , p i s t
o n Q i s at t h is m o m t
e n
t r to o to
j us in its uppe po si i n wi ng the arrangemen of the cran ks t
p isto n P t
h e n m ov
es u p w a rd an d p i s to n Q d o w n w a rd , a nd a ,

th
fur er expansio n of the co mb us i n gases up to to vthe olume o f
y
c lin der B t
akes place ; h
ereup n o v v al e b clo se s a nd v v f al e

o pens , so th t
a o
a t the f ll o w ing upward s roke of pis t to n Q the
o b to
c m us i n gas es are e xpell ed t o hv v
hr ug al e 1 i n to t
the a mo
h
s p ere , i n a p erfec ly c t oo o t o
led c ndi i n , as th r t h
ei en ire e at wi ll

hv b o
a e een c ns ume d by o o
the w rk d ne in expanding .

b
I t has already een men i ned , to th t t o tr t o
a in hi s c ns uc i n the
t t
exh aust gases can b e ca used to esca pe wi h a empera ur e whi c t h
b o t t t o h
is el w ha of the a m sp ere, so ha t tt t r
hey may s ill se ve fo r
c oo ling p urp seso .

y r h v o b to ro o
As the c linde s C a e a c m us i n pe i d nly at each seco nd
re vo t o tt
lu i n I a ain b y arra nging two suc h cyli nders a t each

re vo t o o b t o th t
lu i n a c m u s i n , a o
i s to say a w rki ng s r ke as the to
b to
c om us i n is m ade to t t t
a ke pla ce a l e rna ely on the ri htg a n d
h
left and hr
T e e is no
. ob t to
s acle using o o b t
nly one c m us i on

y
c linder in p lace of two or, on the , oth h
er and , more th an two in

h o t
whi c ca se the l wer p ar of the cylind er B ma y th en b e used

o
as a n e xp an si n cylinder ; the air p ump for the prepara ry to
o o ho th
c mp ress i n s uld en b e arranged sepa ra ely a nd f rce t o p re

o
vi ous ly c mp res sed air i n to
the rese v i L r or .

r or
The air of the eserv i L s er es in v th o t t o
is c ns ruc i n direc ly t
tr
for s a ting the m oto
r , a s the la tt
er ma y b e fed duri ng s me o
re vo t o o th
lu i ns fr m r o th
is res e v ir wi full pressure, the igni i n to
o t
nly a king p la ce af e the tr fl h y w ee l h as a tta i ned the neces sa r y
m om t m en u .

Th d i e f
ev ce g d
or llra
y iuat d i g f
n ro l i d
uc n ue
p d t ns th e en en o e

p l
ecu ar i p po r ti er f th
es o m t i
e l m l
a er a
p y o d e e .

F or s olid p l i d b t u v er s e su i li
s a n ces , f th d
n eu o ib d e l es cr e revo v
 216 AP P E NDI X

ing cock, a p o wder n zzle o or a s ma ll p ump ma y b e us ed ; fo r

li quids a sp ray n zzle or a o s ma ll p ump is em l
p y ed f or ga s e s o ,

also a sma ll p ump or a ny o er sui ta b le de i ce th p ermi i n g t h e v tt

g ra d u a l i n rod uc t
i on t
of the fuel , th e qu a n t i ty of t h e l a t e r e in g t b
t r
i n a defini e p eporti n to the pi ston s s rokeo ’
t .

ot
F i gs 8 to 10 show a n her c ns truc i n of a m to r in w hi ch
. o to o
li qui d fuel is M ployed a nd a t the sa me i me the ex e rna l dis tri t t
t
b u ing de vi ce , in pa rti cular the de ice for gra dua lly in roduci ng v t
fuel , i s of a qui te differen co ns ruc ion t t t .

tr
Thi s machi ne cons ists of two en i ely i den i ca l singl e acti ng t
r
cyli nders p o vi ded w i h plunger
p its to n s , th e cra nk s o f w hi c a re h
arra nged on the common y w ee l s a f fl h h t
i n th e sa m e p s i i n o to
v
the fra me , flywheel a nd dis tri b u ti ng de i ce a re n early exa c tly
the sa me as illus trated in F i gs 4 and 5 and erefore not
. th
rep resented

o b o
The c m usti n in the cylinders akes p lace al erna te ly , so t t
t h v t
tha a t eac re olu i on a worki ng s r ke i s eff ected to .

y
I n F i g 8 one of the c li nders is s hown in e ti ca l secti on , the
. vr
o
F i g 9 is a fr nt vi ew of the cylin der w ith the di s tri u i ng
. bt
devi ce , and F i g 10 a pla n vi ew wi th a sec io n of the di s ri b uti ng
. t t
devi ces .

h
The process in eac cyli nder is the sa me as descri b ed w i th
r eference to F i gs 4 and 5 vi z.
, .

t o h
Drawing in of ai r hr ug val e V, hen c mpressi n b y one v t o o
t
s roke up to the end p si i n 2 of the p is o to n s hown i n d to ted ot
lin es t t
in roduc io n of li qui d fuel r ug th o h o
n zzl e D and com b us
t i on of sa me during the p rescri b ed p eri od of ad mi s si n 2 3 o ,

( g
F i . fi na lly e xp a ns i n of the b oo
d y of ga s a nd es ca p e of t he

sa me t
hrough val e V as t hroug v a b l wp ip e i n h
a n outwa rd o to
lea di ng pipe B .

o
As the dra wi ng in f ll ows i mmedi a ely af er the es ca p e , the t t
v
val e V rema i ns Op en during a wh le re o
lu i n , and then cl sed vo t o o
ho
d uri ng a w le re l u i n vo t o
Thi s s i mple s t p ssi le eg ul a i n
. o b r to
t
i s eff ec ed b y the ca m S (F i gs 9 a nd 10 ) b y means of the en
. b t
lever, a s S hown in the drawing .

rr
The ca m S is ca i ed b y the dis ri u i ng s haf ,
wt bt
hi ch is tW
v t fl h
dri en b y the shaf of the yw eel i n a S i mila r way as i n F i gs .

4 a nd 5 o o
The n zzle D i s kep t cl s ed b y the needl e 11 a nd s er es
. . v
for grad ually a dm i ing the fueltt The li qui d fuel i s i n the inner
.

o
S p a ce r o f the n zzle D a nd i s ma i nta in ed here b y mea ns of a feed t
p u m p ( no t s o w n h
)p ro i de d w i v
an a i r ch a m th
er u n de a
p res s ur e b r
21 8 APP E NDI X

whi c hi s hi g h er p r
tha f
n the hig m p i h
o f
es t t h essure o co ress n o e

I n F i g 10 i.
how t t th
s b s h i
p p f
n a th li q ied f l
ranc e or e u ue
co mi g f m th p mp
n ro d l di g t th no l
e u an ea n o e zz e .

At th m m t f th hi gh t ompr
e o en io
O i e wh th p i t
es c ess n, . e . en e s on

is in th p o i ti o 2 th
e s dl i
n p d,
b y th di
e nee t i b t
e 11. i g s o ene e s r u n

g r d ll w ea an a o s a

h p thin j t f s ar e o

li q i d t t r u o e n e

th o gh th y r u e ver
m ll op i g D s a en n , as

th li q i d i d e u s un er

p p i o a res sure su er r

t t h yli d O e c n er

p res s u re . Thi s
t
en ra nce Of fuel
o ti
c n nues up to
p i
os ti o 3 n Of the
p i t w
s on, h ere the
di t i b ti g
s r de i ce
u n v
cuts i t off exa c l ,
y t
whereup on the com
b us ti on gases con

F or ing regnl a t

the jet Of fuel I

h v ov h a e pr i ded ere
x ty e ac l the sa me
t t o cons ru c i n b y
h h w ic i n S ul zer s ’

v v h al e mac i nes the

t p e ri od of s ea m a d

o mi ss i n is re u
g
t la ed .

An t i E mov th t l i d pi
eccen r c es e s ee ov o
s e v ece q i n a n if rm cur e
u p an d dow th t
n l b l o k i
e s ee tt h c r s a h ac ed to the rod whi c

t t
a c ua es dln ee oo
e n th p i
as s m
n as
q ov i g d o
e w w d
ece n n ar

strik g i t th pi
es a a ns th e dl i
ece r p d
e n ee d m ei p s O ene an re a ns O en

un til th t l pi q l
e s ee ece th p i re ea ses th p i e i dj t
ece r , a s e ece r s a us

ab l f om th g v
e r er by m o erno f th d St (
eans O F ig th e ro s ee . e

gov o l t
ern r re u a es s
g i m l t o ly i u th tw y
an e us li d tnh d r e o c n ers e u a
 APP E NDI X 219

tionOf the p eri d o f l o of a dm i s si n of ue , and in o

c ns equen ce themof
the S
p d
ee f th gi O e en ne .

In F i g 8 d 10 th r i fo m d o
s . an e e s r e r u nd the n o zzle D a n ann ula r

s p a ce 3 whi h i i f omm i ti c s n ree c un ca on wi th th e in t i or

er of the
cyli nder .

When ov b kw rd d d
the p is to n m es i g p
ac a r un er ecreas n res s u e

th i flo
e a r o w s fr m this
n l p b k a i to th
nu ar s a ce y li d d ac n e c n er an
s er v i thi w y b oth f di i di g th j t of f l d f p
es n s a or v n e e ue an or ro

d i g t b l t moti o f
uc n ur u en di t i b ti g th n omb tio h t
or s r u n e c us n ea

ov th wh l i vol m Thi
er e o e a r l u p e . i o l ys f
a nnu a r s a ce s s n O

p ra c t i l i
cam P n d i O t
a nce a n t i l f t h s no p o es s en a or e r ces s .

Th i mo ov
ere s i F ig 8 re d 10 t 0
er n p s .i g f
an i t a an O en n or n ro

d i g ompr
uc n c d i g es se f o m x p
a r or l o i v b
a s es t r rv i e g s e su s ances se n
to t t th m t Wh i F i g 8 i pl
s ar e o or . en f li q i d g
n . n a ce O u , a s or

v p o i omp d i th i
a ur s c res s e p n f th e o l
nner s D t h a ce r o e n zz e e

sa m o t e c ns ru c tio m y b mploy d I t i th fo t n a e e e . s ere re no necos

sar y t ho
o sw o t ti o f
a c ns rucg i f th i n o
pp li t i o en I t nei or s a ca n . s

es p i
ec a lly t h m ok d th t
e re t h th ar m el l t a i d e p er a res u s a re n e en

d t f th ki d f g
en o e o t i d i th yli d it i fi i t
n o as c n a ne n e c n er s su c en

i f th q e ti ty f i
ua n y f omb ti o i pro i d d th
O a r n eces sa r or c us n s v e , e

o th o i d bl q ti ty f g whi h t o l y
er c ns era e ua n o as , i c ac s n a s a carr er

o f h t m y o i t f fo m
ea , a c ns s omb ti o g O r dd d fo ig
er c us n a ses , a e re n

g a ses a n d v p o q
a o v
urs or a
p o w i tho t
ue u s i y w ay l tur , i g u n an a a er n

th r e lt
es u I t foll w f om th
. bov th t lo d gi might
o s r e a e a c se en nes
b e arra n g d t
e t k so a s
p t ho t a k o
e u l y ma ll q
ea c t i t
s ro
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o ff resh i f i i g th omb ti o b t whi h t i
a r or ns ur n e c us n, u c re a n es s en

ti lly lw y t h
a a a m body f g
s e sa em ll xh t x pt d
o as , a s a e aus e ce e .

H vi g a n w p ti l ly d
no ar ib d d
cu a r rt i d th t es cr e an a sce a ne e na ure

o f my i d i v ti o
sa d i Wh t m
n en n an th n m i to b p a a nn er e sa e s e er

fo m d I d l
r e , th t wh t I l im i
ec are a a c a s

(l ) T h m tho
e d f w oe ki g o m ob t i o m r oto n o ci t i g i
us n rs c ns s n n
c omp i g i yli d b y wo ki g pi to p i
res s n n a c n er a oth
r n s n, ure a r , or er

neu tr l g a v p o r tog th with p i t h xt t

as or a u e er ure a r , o suc an e en ,

th t th t mp t h by prod d i f high th th
a e e era ur e ere u ce s ar er an e

b i g
urn n ig i ti g p i t f th f l t b
or n n o n mp loy d ( v
O e ue o e e e cur e
—
1 2 f th di g m i F i g
o e a ra wh p o
n f l .i pp li d t
ereut h n ue s su e a e

d d ea t 5 0 g d lly th t
cen re ra ua o t f th o tw d moti
,
a on a cc un o e u ar on

o f th p i toe s d th n an q t xp i o f th omp e conse uen e d a ns n o e c res s e

i
a r or g t
ash o m b ti o e c t k p l us w i tho n t a t ies l i a ce u es s en a n crea s e
o f t mp e t
era ure a ndp ( v 2 — 3 f t
res sureh d i g m
cur i F
e i g ) 2 o e a ra n .

wh ereu
p o f t r t
n, ah d m i ieo f f e a l h b ss t ff
n o t h f ue as een cu O , e ur
th r xp i o f th b ody f g o t i d i th wo ki g
e e a ns n O e O as c n a ne n e r n
 AP P E NDI X
takes place ( curve 34-
of the in F i g . 2)
su b t ti
s an a ll y as descri b ed .

(2) T h e m od e of ca rr y i n g o u t th e p cro
es sr e ferre d to i n th e

p t o
recedi ng cla i m wi th mul ip le c mp ressi on a nd e p a ns i on b y x
p ro v i d i ng the c o m b us t
i on cy li nd er o n on e h a n d w i th a co m
p re ss i n gp um p a nd res erv o i r a n d o n th e o th h
er a nd w th
i a n e X p a n
v to
si on cyli nder, or b y coupli ng s e eral comb us i n cylinders w i h t
eac h th o er or wi th the sai d compressi ng p ump and exp ans i on

b
cyli nder , su stantially as descri b ed .
222 IND E X
Co o l ing Of p i s to ns an d v a lv es , D i e se l e ngi ne , N
e d erl an ds c h e
15 1 F a b ri e k , 6 8, 7 1 , 7 6
w a te r, 1 00
h ea t ca rri ed a w a y , 1 00 b y, 79, 94
s p ace occ u p i ed
Cos t O f D i es el m ac hi n ery , 1 0 9 s t artin g a nd runn in g , 5 0 ,
O p e ra t i ng D i es e l en g in es ,
1 0 6, 1 09 , 1 4 6 te s ti n g , 1 1 1
p e r B H P h o
. u r
.
, . 1 1 0 tw o cy cle , s ingle ac tin g ,
Cross hea ds for D i ese l m a rin e 3 4 , 83
en g in es , 1 5 0 S ul z er t yp e , 84
Cu t O fi , alte ra ti on O f , 23
-
d o ub le act in g , 3 9 , 1 9 0
Cy cles , cons tan t p res s ure , 1 8 Tos i , 7 6
c o ns ta n t te m era t ure , 1 4 w eig h t O f, 7 9 , 1 4 2
p
co ns ta n t v o l um e , 1 6 m a rin e en gin es , 3 8, 3 9 , 40 ,
D i es e l , 21 1 35
fo ur s tr o k e , 27 a d v an ta g es o f , 1 37
th erm o d yn am i c , 1 3 Carol s ty pe , 1 7 6
’

Coc k e ri ll s , 1 5 0
’
t w o s tro k e , 3 2
w orki n g , 1 3 c o ns tru c ti o n O f , 1 6 6

Cy lin d ers , b es t n um b er O f, 1 4 7 co s t o f , 1 4 6

c ro s s h e a ds for , 15 0
D d e s i g n an d a rran g e
D es i gn O f D i es el m a ri n e en gi nes , m en t , 1 4 7
147 D u tch typ e f
( ur
o

D e u ts c h Am e ri k a ni s ch e P e tro
-
cy c le ) , 1 9 2

le um ges e lls ch a ft , D i es e l en e c on o m y to b e e ffec te d ,

g i n e s f o r , 1 8 0
D i a gra m , D ie s e l e n g in e cy c le , 21 f ue l c ons um p ti o n , 1 38,
tw o cy c le e n g i n e , 3 3
-
1 39 , 1 80
D i es e l c y cle , 21 Germ an typ es 1 80 ,

en g in e , A B . D i e s e ls M o to re r,
. Ge rm a n typ e s (fo u r
56 c y c le ) , 1 9 4 , 1 9 5

co m b us ti o n i n , 24 d o ub le ac tin g ,
co s t O f , 1 0 9

co s t O f o p era ti o n , 1 0 6 m e th o ds Of re v e rs i ng ,

e ff e c ti ve p re s s ur e m , 4 2 1 5 6, 1 7 2, 1 82, 1 87
e ffic i en cy , 26 of H P. 199
fo ur cy cle , 27 , 4 7 5 1 , 6 7 s p ee d , 149
g e n e ra l a rr a n g e m e n t , 4 7 S w e di s h typ e , 1 5 5 , 1 7 6
g e n e ra l d i m e n s i o ns , 9 5 , S wi s s typ e ( S u l z er

96 97, 98
,
1 66
h igh s p e e d , 3 5 , 7 5 , 7 6 v a ri a ti o n O f s p ee d , 1 4 9 ,
h o ri z on ta l , 3 5 , 80 1 5 0, 1 6 5
in di ca tor ca rds , 29 , 3 3 w e i g h t o f, 1 4 2
ins ta lla ti on a nd ere c ti o n , s hi p s , a u xi li a ri e s fo r , 15 7
c a rg o carry i ng c a p a c i ty ,

l ub r i ca ti on , 1 0 5 14 1
51 c o s t O f r unni n g , 1 4 4 , 1 4 5

m a n a g e m en t , 9 9 R oma gna , 1 7 2
M irrle es , B ic kerto n Day , To i l er , 1 7 9
Vu lca nus . 1 9 2
 INDE X 223

Di es el , D r R , 1 , 3 0 , 20 5
. . F o ur -
c y cle s ta ti o nary en g i n e ,
e lectri c lo com o ti ve , 1 9 8 Tos i typ e , 7 5
l o co m o ti ve , 1 9 8 F uel co ns um p ti o n in D i e s e l en
D i ese l s o ri gi n a l p a ten t s p e cifica i 3 8 1 3 9
’
g n es , 1 ,

ti o n , 20 5 a t v ari o us loa ds ,

D im e ns i o ns o f D i es e l en g in es ,
9 5 , 9 6, 9 7 , 9 8 D i es el m arin e en gin es ,
D o ub le actin g D i es el m ari ne 1 3 8, 1 3 9 , 1 6 5
e n g in es , 3 9 , 1 90 s tea m e ng in es , 1 38
D up l e x p res s ure s y s tem for s te er e co n o m y in D i es e l en gin es ,
i ng ge ar , 1 63 1 10
D u ty on fuel o i l in Ge rm an y , 44 for D i es e l e n g in es , 3 , 4 , 5 , 4 3
cr u d e O il , 3 , 4
E D r D i es el o n , 3
.

E b e rle , Ch r , 1 1 5 , 1 1 6
. li gni te O i ls , 3 , 4 , 44
E cc e n tri cs for op era tin g va lv e tar O i ls , 3 , 4 , 4 4
l ev ers , 7 9 i nl et v al ve , c lea ni n g , 1 0 1
E co n o m y in D i es el s hi p s , 1 3 9 , m e th od O f o p era ti on ,
1 4 1 , 1 4 3 , 1 44 , 1 4 5 56
Efi ci en cy O f cons tan t p re ss ur e O il , fl as h p o i n t , 4 4
c y cle , 20 p r i c e o f , 4 4 , 1 3 9
tem p era t ure cy c le , 1 4 6 s p e ci fic gra vi ty , 45

v o lum e cy cle , 1 8 p u m p , 6 3
D i es el cy c le , 23 M A N typ e , 6 5
. . .

E lec tri call y o p era te d s hi p s a uxi

’
Mi rr lees , B i c k e rt on D ay
li ari es , 1 5 7 , 1 64 typ e , 64
E rec ti on o f D i es el en g in es , 9 3 Ne d e rlan ds che F a b ri e k
E xha us t g as es , h e a t i n , 1 62 typ e , 6 8
v alv e , cle an in g , 10 1 Willans 85 R o b i ns o n s
’

co o li n g o f , 1 5 1 typ e , 6 6
E xp ans i on O f gas es , 9 F u ture O f th e D i es e l en g in e , 1 9 3
a di a b a ti c , 1 0
i s o th erm al , 1 1 G
Gas en g in es fo r m arine w o rk ,
F 1 35 , 1 36
F l as h p oin t o f cru d e O il, 44 la rge, 42
tar O il , 44 Gea rin g , m e ch a n i ca l , 4 1
F o un d a ti ons for D i es el
en g in es , Ge rm an typ e m arin e en g i n e
93 1 80 , 1 9 4 , 1 9 5
F o ur cy cle m ar in e e n gin e , 1 9 2
-

D utch ty p e , 1 92 H
Germ an typ e , 1 9 5 H a ll e a. S aale , H P
. . e n g in e

s ta ti o n ar y en g in e , 27 , 4 7 for, 83
5 1 , 67 H ea t ca rr i e d a w a y b y co o lin g
A B D i es els M ot o r
. w a ter , 1 0 0
Hi gh s p ee d D i es e l en g i n e s , 3 5 , 7 5
M A N typ e 5 1
. . . , A B D i es els M o t o r
.

M i rrle es B i ck e rton
, er ty p e , 7 6
85 D a y typ e , 67 M i rrlees ty p e , 7 5
N
e d erlan d sc h e F a b N ed erlan d s c h e F a b
ri ek typ e , 68, 7 6 rie k typ e , 7 6
2% IND E X

Hi gh s peed D iesel e ngi nes , Tos i

type . 7 6 M an a gement of Di es el eng i n es ,
w ei ght O f, 7 9 99
H o riz on tal D i es el engin e , 3 5 , 80 M A N fo ur cy cle D i es el
. . .
-
e n gin e ,
a d van ta ges O f, 80 51
arrang ement O f , 80 , 81 ,
82, 83
c ons tr ucti on O f, 80 , 81 , m arin e e n g in e (A ug s
82, 83 b urg ) , 1 9 5
M A N type , 80 83
. . .
— m e th od of re
vers i n g , 1 95
I fuel p um p , 6 5
I n di c a to r c ar ds , 28, 3 3 tw o cy cle d o ub le
-

actin g eu
I ns ta lla ti on of D i es e l en g in es , 9 3 gi n e , 1 9 0
I s o th erm al exp ans ion , 1 1

J di m ens i ons o f,

J ac ket co o li ng wa te r , 1 00 1 84
J a hrb uch der S ch i fib a utechni Ma n oeuvri ng , 1 5 0 1 7 7 ,

s chen Geaclls cha ft, 1 4 3

Ma rine D ies e l en g in es 3 8 3 9 , 4 0
, ,

a d v an ta ges o f , 1 37
Carels typ e , 176
K
Cock erill s , 1 5 0
’

K r up p D i es e l m ari n e
'
s fo ur cy cle
D utch typ e , 1 92
-

e n g in e , 1 96 F uture o f , 1 9 7
m e tho d of
Gen era l cons i d era ti on ,
re v e rs ing , 1 96
tw o c y cle D i es el m a rin e en
sa vin g in an d
-

s p ace
g i n e 1 80
,
wei ght , 1 4 2
m eth od of
sp eed o f, 1 3 8
re v e rs in g , 1 82
S WIS S typ e , 1 66
w ei g h t o f , 1 4 2
L M arin e typ e a ir com p ress o r, 9 2
L a h m ey er , 1 24 M a ureta ni a , 1 4 1
L ea k a g e p as t p is ton , 1 0 1 , 1 0 4 Me chani ca l g ear , 4 1
t h ro ug h v al ves , 1 0 1 , 1 0 2 Me th o ds of re vers i ng D i es el en
L ee ds an d L i verp ool Can a l , 1 64 g i n e s , 1 5 6
L en g th O f conn ecti ng ro d , 80 Mi rrlees , B ick e rto n 81 D a y fo ur
.

L i g n i te o il , 3 , 4 , 4 3 , 4 4 cy cle eng in e , 67
Li m i ti ng p ower O f D i es el en gin es , fuel p um p , 64
41 hi gh s p eed en g in e , 7 5
L l oy d s r ules for the s urve y O f
’
M o to r c ars , D i es el en gin es f or , 1 9 7
in ternal com b us ti on m a rine
en g i nes , 20 1 N
L o com o ti ves , D i es el engi nes for, Nederl ands ch e F a b ri ek fo ur -
cy cle
198 land eng ine , 68
L o n gri dg e , Mi ch a el, 1 23 a rr an gem en t for rem o v in
g
L o ss of com p re ss i on , 1 0 1 p i s t o n , 71
L u b ri ca t i on , 1 0 5 f uel p um p , 69
L u b ri ca ti n g O il , 1 0 5 hi g h s p e ed e n gine , 7 6
r co ns um p ti o n O f, 1 0 5 marine en gin e , 192
 VAN N O S TR A N D C O M P A NY
25 P A R K P L A C E

N e w Y o rk

S HO RT TITL E C ATA L OG
-

li mi t ati ons s ub mpct tati cns

S C I E N TI F I C A N D E N G I N E E R I N G

B O O KS

This l i st i ncludes th e techn i cal p ub l i cati o ns of th e fo llo wi n g

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E L E C TR IC IA N P R I N TI N G P UB LI S H I N G CO .

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25 P A R K P L A C E , N . Y .

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History of Decorati ve Art
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8 D . VA N NCB TR AND COMP A NY S S HOR T TI TLE CATA LO G ’

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P ub lic Li ghting b y Ga s
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, and Thole, F B T . . . Textb ook of P ractical Ch emi stry .

rs mo ,
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Dyson , S S . . P ra ctical Testing of R a w Ma teria ls

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 10 D . VA N NOS TR A ND COMP A NY S S HO R T TI TLE ’
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 12 . D . VAN NOS TR A ND COMP A NY S S HO R T TI TLE CATAL OG
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Hart, J W .Hints to Pl umb ers on Joint Wi ping

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e
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(I n P ress ) .

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D es i gn of S tati c Transformers
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 D . VAN NOS TR AND COMP ANY S S HOR T TI TL E CA TAL OG ’
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12 m0 ,
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Hutton, W S S tea m b oiler C onstructi on

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(S ci ence S eri es N0 . i 6mo ,

I nducti on C oils .
(S ci e nce S e ri es N0 .

Ing le , H . Ma nual
Agri cul tural h em i s try of C
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Air Compress ors and l owi ng E ng ines B

Centrifuga l M ps .
14 D . VA N NOS TR A ND COMP A NY S ’
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n of P ara R ub b er . 8 170 ,

Johns on W , . M eA . The Metal lurgy 0 f Ni ck el (I n P rep atw n

a r .
)
fA
.

o
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Johnston J , . F . W .
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, , .

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e , . . 8 an oo o oc s . vo ,

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enne , . . . n n, e o res se r
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, , . .

(S ci ence S eries 1 6m o ,
16 D . VA N NOS TR AND COMP A NY S S HOR T TITLE CATA L OG ’

Le Doux, M . I ce Mak ing Machines

-
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(S cience S eri es No .

Leeds, C C . . Mechanical Drawi ng foi Trade S chools

Hig h S ch ool Edi ti on
Ma chinery Trades E diti on
'

. .

Lefevre, L . Architectural P ottery . Trans . by H . K . B ird and W . M .

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“

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S igna ll ing Across S pace without Wires

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Lub sch ez, B P ersp ecti ve J .

(I n P res s ) .

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4
Luquet , L M .Mi nerals in R ock S ections
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Ma cewen, H A F ood I nspecti on . .

Ma ck enzie , N F Notes on Irriga ti on . .

Ma ck i e , How to Ma ke a Woolen M ill P ay

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’ ’ -
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C loth B oards
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McK nig ht, J . D .
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ience S eri es No . mo,
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R e i nh ardt, C . W . Letteri ng for Draftsman, E ng ineers , a nd S tudents .

ob l ong to
4 , b oards ,

The Techni c of Mecha ni cal Drafting . . ob l ong 4 to , b oards ,

R e i ser, F Hardeni ng and Tempering of S teel
. . Tra ns . b y A M orri s and
.

H R ob son .
12 m0 ,
R ei ser, N Fa ults i n the Ma nufa cture
. of Woolen G oods . Tra ns b y A . .

Morri s a nd H R ob son .
8vo , .

S pi nni ng a nd Wea vi ng C alculati ons .

. 8vo,
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’
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R eynol ds , O .
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(S c i ence

m0 , . 16 0

R hea d, G F S imple S tructural W oodwork

. . 1 2 m0 , .
*1

R i ce, J M , and Johnson, W W

. . A New Meth od of Ob ta i ni ng the D iner . .

ential of F uncti o ns 1 2 m o, . 0

(I
.

R i chards, W A and North , H B M anual of Cem ent Testi ng

. . . . . n P ress .
)
R i chardson, J The Modern S tea m E ng i ne . ” . 8vo,
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R ideal , S Glue and Glue Testi ng

. . 8vo ,
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(S ci e nce S er i es No . 16 mo ,
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R ob ertson, L S . .
-
B
Water tub e oilers . 8vo ,

W
R ob i ns on, J B . . Archite ctural C ompos iti on 8vo,
T thof
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R ob inson, S . W . P ra cti cal Trea ti se on the ee h eels .

(S cience
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R a ilroad E conom i cs .
(S ci ence S eri es No . 16 m0 ,
Wroug h t I ron Bri dge Mem b ers .
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R ob s on, J . H . M achine D rawi ng an d S k e tchi ng . . 8vo,

R oe b li ng , J A S h ort S pan
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R ogers , F . Magneti sm of Ir on Vessel s .
(S ci ence S eri es No . . 1 6 m0 ,
R ohland, P . C olloidal and Cyrs ta lloi dal S tate of M atter . Trans b y .

W .
J . B ri tlan d and H E P otts . . . . 1 2m 0 ,

R ollins , W . Notes on X Li gh t
-
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.
’
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K ey to E ng i nes a nd E ng i ne runni ng 1 2 m0 , -

R o se , T . K
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R ose nha in , W Gla ss Manufacture (Westm i nster S eri es )

. . . 8vo,
R oss , W A P l owpipe i n h emi str y and Meta llurgy
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R oss i ter , T S tea m E ng i nes

J .
(Westminster . 8v0 .
(I n P res s ) .

P um ps a nd P umpi ng Ma ch i nery .
( estminster
W (I n P ress
R oth . P hysi ca l Chem istry 8vo, =
l=

R ou ill i on , L . Th e E conom i cs of Man ua l Tra i ni ng . 8vo ,

R owa n , F .
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. . 8vo ,
R owa n, F .
J . a nd I dell , F E oiler I ncrusta ti on a nd
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(S cience Seri es No . 16 mo , O
R oxb urgh W G eneral F oundry
, . P racti c e . 8vo , *
s
R uhm er , E . Wireles s Teleph ony . Tra ns b y E rs ki ne Murray .
J .
-
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3
R ussell , A . Th eory of E lectri c C a b l es a n d Netw orks 8vo , *
3

S a b i ne , R . Hi story a nd P rogres s of the E lectr i c Telegra ph

S a eltzer A Trea ti se on Acousti cs
.
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S a lomons , D E lectri c Li g ht I ns ta lla ti ons

.
1 2 m0 . .

Vol I The Ma na g em ent of Accum ula tors

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Vol II . . Ap para tus

Vol II I . . Appl i ca ti ons
24 VAN NOS TR A ND COMP A NY S S HO R T TI TLE CATAL O G
’
D .

S h el don, S .
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12 m0 ,
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’
. .

S hi elds , J . E . Notes on E ngineering C onstructi on . 1 2 m0 ,

S hock , W H . . S tea m B oilers .

4 to , ha lf morocco,
S hreve , S H . . S treng th of Bridg es and R oofs . 8vo ,
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8vo,
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P ra ctica l Tunneli ng 8vo,
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S i ncla ir , A . Development of the Locomoti ve E ng i ne . 8vo , ha lf lea th er ,

S i ncla ir, A . Twe nti eth C entury Locom oti ve . . 8vo, ha lf lea ther,
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Sl oane , T O C ’
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. . 8vo,
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. 8vo ,
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El ements o f M a chi ne Work 1 2 m0 ,

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1 2 m0 ,
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.
8vo ,
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. .
. .

S now , W G . .
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(S ci ence S eri es
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S olom on, M E lectri c La mps (Westminster S eri es )
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Th e Mari ne S tea m
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S oxhl et, D H . . Dyei ng a nd S ta i ning Ma rb le . Tra ns . b y A M orris . a nd

H R ob son .
87 0 :
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. .
1 2 m0 ,
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(S cience S eries No 1 6m0 1 .

S pecht, G J , Hardy, A S , M cMa ster, B

. .
J and Wall i ng Topographi ca l . . . .

S ur veyi ng (S ci ence S eri es No 1 6 mo ,

.
.

S peyers , C . L . Te xt b ook -
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.
(S ci ence S eri es No . 16 m0 ,
W
.

S ta hl , A , a nd Wo o ds , A T E lem entary Mecha ni sm 1 2 m0 ,

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. .
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S tal ey, C , an d P i er on , G S T h e S epara te S ys tem of S ewera e

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S ta nda g e , H Lea therworkers Manual

.
’
C .
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(Westm in ster S eri es

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) 8V0 1
1
 D . VAN NOS TR AND COMP ANY S S HOR T TI TLE ’
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Steinman, D B Suspensi on B rid es a nd Cantilevers (S i n S i

g
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N0 1 .

S tevens , H P . . Pa per Mill Chmi e st

S tevenson, J . L . B la st F urna ce
-
Calcula ti ons .

S tewart, A . Modern P olypha se Ma ch inery

S tewar t, G . Modern S team Traps .

S tiles , A . Tab les for F i eld E ngineers

S todola , A . S team Turb i nes . Trans b y L . . C . Loewenstein

S to ne , H . The Timb ers of C ommerce
S tone, Gen R . . New R oa ds and R oa d Laws .

S topes , M . Ancient P lants

S udb oroug h, J .
J .
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T C . .P ra cti cal Organi c Chemistry . 12 mo, *2 oo

S ufi ing , E R Trea tise on the

. . Art of Glass P ai nti ng . 8vo, *
3 50
K
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S wan, P a tents , Des ig ns a nd Tra de Marks

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S winb ur ne, J .
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(S ci ence S eri e s 1 6mo, 0 so

S woope , C . W . P ractical Less ons in Electri city 1 2 m0 ,
*2 00

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5 00

Tate , J . S . S urcharged a nd Difi erent F orms of R etai ni ng wall s -

.
( ence
S ci
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’
s W orksh op C ompani on .

i s mo, m orocco, 2 00

Terry, H L . . I ndia R ub b er a nd its Ma nufa cture .

(We stmi ns ter S er i e s ) .

*2
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. Toll Tel ephone P racti ce
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ob long 1 2 m 0 ,
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Telegraphi c C onnecti ons . .

Th omas , C
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Thompson, A B Oil F ields of R ussia . .

.
4 to ,
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to 8vo ,

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(S ci ence S eri es No .

16 mo ,
Handb ook P a tent Law of All C ountries i 6mo ,
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T o
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M odern S ani y tar E n gi n e eri n g, H ou s e Drai nag ,

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S econd Year .

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26 VAN N(S TR AND COMP ANY S S HOR T TI TL E CATAL OG
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Tidy, C . Meymott . Treatment of S ewag e .

(S ci ence S eries N0 .

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Lab oratory ourse of Org ani c Chemistry
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Vol . I . 1908

Vol . H . 19 09

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1 6 m o,

Trowb ri dge, W P Turb i ne Wheels (S ci ence S eri es N0

. . . . i 6m o,
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. . .

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Van Nostrand s C h emi cal Annual

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1 00 .

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8vo, *
10 00
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a 00
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8vo, *
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S a lter . C .
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Gra phi c Meth od for S ol vi ng erta i n C Questi ons i n Ari thmetic
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W i nchell , N H . .
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(S ci ence S e ri e s No . 16 mo, o 50
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J . P . E xpl osi ve Ma terial s .
(S cience S eries No .

16 mo,
Wisser, Li eut .
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(S cience S eri es No . 1 6 m0 ,

Wood, De V . Lumi ni ferous Aether .

(S ci ence S eri e s No . . 1 6m o,

Woodb ury, D . V . E lem ents of S tab ili ty in the Well proporti one d Arch -
.

8vo, half m orocco , 4 00

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(Ins tallati on
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Wrig ht, T W E lements of Mechani cs

. . .

Wright, T . W .
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Young , J . E . E lectri ca l Testi ng for Telegra ph E ng i neers 8vo, *

4 00

Z a hn er, R . Transmissi on of P ower .

(S cience S eri es No . . 1 6m0 ,
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Kl i
.

Z euner, A . Techn i cal Th erm odynam ics . Tra ns . by J . F . e n. Two

*
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Z i mmer, G
Mecha ni cal Ha ndl i ng of Ma terial
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