Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
Fundamentele modelului
Aici vorbim despre arderea combustibilului in
focar; focarul si clopotul sunt unite intr-un
spatiu comun printr-o fanta verticala cu
latimea de 2-3 cm (rostul uscat) care face ca
focarul sa fie parte integranta a clopotului, nu
o cavitate separata introdusa in clopot. Aceasta
solutie creeaza conditiile necesare miscarii
naturale a gazelor: cele calde se ridica in partea
superioara a clopotului si le imping pe cele reci in
jos.
www.stove.ru
Fundamentele modelului
Doua clopote
www.stove.ru
Fundamentele modelului
Pe de o parte, se poate obtine o ardere eficienta a
combustibilului prin extragerea maximului posibil
de energie calorica (caldura) dar in acelasi timp
caldura obtinuta sa nu fie folosita eficient.
Pe de alta parte, se poate ca arderea sa nu fie
eficienta (si astfel sa nu se extraga toata
cantitatea de energie calorica dintr-un
combustibil) dar caldura extrasa sa fie folosita
eficient.
De aceea consideram ca un agregat este eficient
doar daca:
Se extrage maximul posibil de caldura dintrun combustibil
Caldura extrasa este folosita eficient.
www.stove.ru
Clopot cu acumulare
de caldura
www.stove.ru
Daca aerul cald generat de rezistenta electrica este furnizat permanent, parte a
caldurii va fi transferata peretilor clopotului si schimbatorului de caldura introdus
in clopot.
Daca se continua generarea de aer cald mai mult decat clopotul si schimbatorul
pot accepta, excesul de aer (cel mai rece, din partea de jos a clopotului) va fi
impins in orificiul vertical (cosul de fum) si evacuat.
Clopot cu acumulare
de caldura
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
Ce se va intampla daca introducem gazele dintr-un focar exterior, unde are loc
arderea oricarui tip de combustibil folosind ca oxidant aerul (Fig.A2), prin aceeasi
modalitate pe la partea inferioara a clopotului?
Acest amestec de gaze va contine produsele arderii un amestec de diferite
gaze, parte din ele numite gaze de balast (gaze care exista in aer dar nu participa
la combustie). Moleculele lor sunt total independente si nu interconectate.
Clopot cu acumulare
de caldura
(combustia
www.stove.ru
Gazele de balast:
Azotul este parte integranta a aerului necesar pentru ardere si ocupa 4/5 din
volumul acestuia. Datorita variatiilor amestecului de aer, trebuie sa asiguram de
1,6-2,4 ori mai mult aer decat necesarul calculat pentru ardere. Astfel, in focar
exista atat un exces de aer care nu participa la reactia de ardere cat si vapori
existenti in combustibilul folosit.
Clopot cu acumulare
de caldura
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
Totusi, in focar se vor gasi aer in exces, azot si vapori. Acestea duc la
scaderea temperaturii si inrautatirea conditiilor necesare arderii complete.
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
In felul acesta putem introduce mai mult aer in focar fara teama ca astfel
vom scadea tempera, atat in focar cat si in clopot.
Trebuie specificat ca metodele dezvoltate pentru testarea sistemelor care
folosesc MFG nu pot fi aplicate sistemelor care folosesc MLG, acestea vor
necesita dezvoltarea unor metode diferite pentru realizarea testelor.
Subliniem si posibilitatea ca valoarea calorica extrasa dintr-un combustibil sa fie
mai mare daca arderea are loc intr-un mediu tip clopot deoarece efectul advers al
gazelor de balast este diminuat foarte mult.
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
Acelasi amestec de gaze care nu arde la o temperatura scazuta poate sa arda odata
cu cresterea temperaturii.
Pozitionarea schimbatorului in afara focarului permite maximizarea
randamentului transferului de caldura fara sa se reduca randamentul arderii.
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
In the result of the second reaction partly fuel gases and partly non-inflammable
gases are produced (33,3% 2 and 66,7% 2). The calorific value of mixture of
these gases is 1714 kcal/Nm3.
When the temperature is higher the first reaction in gas generator is more
intensive. At lower temperatures-the second.
I suggest three formulae of design of charcoal burning plants and gas
generating heat-generators in the system of free gas movement. These formulae
can be used both for design of charcoal plants and for gas-generating heatgenerators.
It shall be pointed out that the above-mentioned formulae are my priority
application for an invention of method for creation of energy plants. Anyone who
wants to use the result of this work shall acquire the right for doing so and pay the
required amount to the international fund.
The fund shall be controlled and distribution of money shall be carried out under
the supervision of an international organization: the money is to be be used for the
development of a system of free gas movement.
The main task of those people who will get the money from the fund is to make the
results of their work accessible to other people.
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
Damper adjustment
Fuel
Heat exchanger
Steam and
gas
Ballast gases
Retort for fuel pyrolysis
Retort cap
Furnace bell
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
3. The plant consists of firebox installed in the bell and combined with it to
form a single space by means of dry joint according to the formula The
lower level and the firebox are combined to form a single space creating a
lower bell" (this is heat-generator), and a number of secondary bells. Each
secondary bell and heat-generator are interconnected through the opening
in the lower part. The secondary bell in the lower part is provided with an
opening to its own pipe or to the common pipe through the smoke
chamber.
Adjustment damper
Heat
exchanger
Fuel
Steam
and
gas
Heat
exchanger
cap
Ballast
gases
www.stove.ru
Each bell, secondary bell or bell-type furnace can contain a heat exchanger in
the form of water boiler heating elements, air heater, retort for fuel pyrolysis,
process materials, equipment, device, etc.
At present solid fuel combustion all over the world takes place in two
stages :
1. Expensive and power-consuming stage for production of pellets, brick fuel, etc.
2. Pellet combustion from the point of view of automation, is organized at the level
of gas and diesel fuel combustion.
In the system of free gas movement while creating
gas-generating plants according to any of the above
formulas it is possible to use wet fuel because its
drying is performed due to the heat of effluent gases,
moreover, in adjustable mode.
Thus expensive and power-consuming stage of
fuel preparation is excluded.
Combustion power adjustment in this case takes
place without efficiency reduction.
www.stove.ru
www.stove.ru
References:
1. .. , ,
1968 ;
2. .. . . , 1958 .
3. .. . : , , ,
. . 1990 ;
4. .. , . 1980 .
, ;
5. .. , .. , .. .
. .- 2002 ;
6. Fuel combustion and optimal use http://www.stove.ru/index.php?
lng=0&rs=168 ;
7. New system of fuel combustion and its application. http://stove.ru/index.php?
lng=0&rs=173 ;
8. Gas plant boilers http://www.stove.ru/index.php?lng=0&rs=126 ;
9. Charcoal burning units in the system of free gas movement
http://www.stove.ru/index.php?lng=0&rs=124 ;
10. Once again about the system http://www.stove.ru/index.php?lng=0&rs=16 ;
11. Pyrolysis of biofuel in the bell and combustion of its products in the system of
free gas movement http://www.stove.ru/index.php?lng=0&rs=116
www.stove.ru