MUSIC:

GENRE AND
ELEMENTS OF
MUSIC
ma. jum
iera marafina
 MUsic

NC ER N E D W IT H CO M B IN IN G V O C AL O R
M U SI C IS A N A RT CO O TI O NA L
B EA U T Y O F FO R M O R E M
IN ST R U M E NTA L SO U N D S FO R A ND A RD S O F
R DI N G TO CU LTU R A L ST
EX PR ES SI ON , U SU A LLY A C C O C H AR M O N Y.
IN M O ST W E ST ER N M U SI
R H Y T HM , M EL O D Y, A N D ,

genre
OF ST Y L ES O F M U SI C H AV IN G A CO M M ON
A G EN RE IS A G RO U P U SI C , IN IT S
A M EN TAL V AL U ES . M
TR A D IT IO N O R C OM M O N FU N D Y LE S: W ES T E RN ,
SS IF IE D IN TO T W O ST
B R O AD ES T D IV IS IO N , C AN BE C LA E D A S A SE PA R A TE
US IC C A N B E IN C LU D
A N D O R IE N TA L. A FR IC A N M A D E TH EI R W A Y
A FR IC A N ST Y LE S H AV E M
GE N R E, B U T Q U IT E A FE W RI C A NS ; H E N C E IT
T A FR IC A N -A M E
IN T O W E S TE R N M U SI C V IA IM M IG R AN E ST ER N M U SI C.
ED IN TH E C ATE G O RY O F W
H A S B EE N IN C LU D
 TYPES O F G E NR E
1. rock
Y OF M US ICA L ST YL ES . TH E OR IG IN S OF TH IS
TE RM ‘R OC K’ IS US ED TO DE SC RI BE A LA RG E VA RI ET
TH E UM BR EL LA
PO PU LA R GE NR ES — BL U ES AN D CO UN TRY,
PO PU LA R ST YL E LIE IN A FU SI ON OF TW O OT HE R
ST UP EN DO US LY
UE NC ES FR OM TH E TW O ST YL ES , RO CK AN D
EL EM EN TS OF JA ZZ . AL ON G W IT H TH E IN FL
AL ON G WI TH SIG NI FIC AN T
AS TY PI FI ED BY EX TE NS IV E US E OF TH E SN AR E DR UM .
RO LL W

jazz
2. RN US . TH IS CA N BE CA LL ED A
MM UN IT Y OF TH E SO UT HE
JA ZZ DE VE LO PE D AM ON G TH E BL AC K CO FL UE NC E ON TH IS IN DI GE NO US AM ER IC AN
TH E AF RI CA N IN
‘CL AS SI CA L VE RS IO N’ OF BL UE S M US IC. IM PR OV IS AT IO N AN D A CO M BI NATI ON OF
E EM PH AS IS ON
ST YL E OF M US IC CA N BE SE EN IN TH HI CH IS VE RY UN US UA L IN TH E WE ST ER N
ED RH YT HM S, W
DI FF ER EN T BU T SIM ULTA NE OU SLY PL AY
TR AD ITI ON OF M US IC .

western classical
3.
OL DE R IN DI AN CL AS SI CA L MU SI C) ON E OF TH E OL DE ST
M US IC OF EU RO PE IS (A LO NG WI TH TH E M UC H
TH E CL AS SI CA L
TO IT S IN DI AN CO UN TE RP AR T AN D TH E W ES TE RN ST YL E
ES IN M OD ER N M US IC . IN DI RE CT CO NT RA ST
SU RV IV IN G ST YL
D SE T RE N DI TI ON S OF M EL OD IE S, W ITH OU T M UC H SC O
JA ZZ , EU RO PE AN CL AS SIC AL MU SI C VA LU ES TR AD IT IO N AN
OF
FO R IM PR OV IS AT IO N.
 TYPES O F G E NR E

4. RHYTHM AND BLUES

RIC AN AM ER IC AN S’ WO RK SO NG S, AN D WA S BU ILT
M US IC , TH E BL UE S GE NR E O RI GI NATE D FR OM AF
LI KE JA ZZ
E TU NE . ‘D A LL AS BL UE S’ IS TH E FIR ST BL UE S SO NG
PR EM ISE OF SI MP LE LY RI CS SU NG IN A SI M PL
AR OU ND TH E
PL AY ED UN PL UG GE D (W IT H AC OU ST IC IN ST RU M EN TS ).
S PR IM AR ILY
EV ER PU BL IS HE D, IN 19 12 . BL UE S M US IC WA E EN TR Y OF EL EC TR IC IN ST RU ME NT S — TH AN KS TO
E 19 40 S, AN D TH
HO W EV ER , TH IS BE GA N TO CH AN GE IN TH
CH AS M UD DY WA TE RS — RE VO LU TI ON IZ ED BL UE S M US IC .
ARTI ST S SU

5. COUNTRY

S OF TH E SO UT HE RN US A IN TH E EA RL Y 19 20 S.
UE S M US IC , CO UN TRY M US IC EM ER GE D FR OM FO LK SO NG T OF
LI KE BL TH E SI M PL E, TH RE E- CH OR D AR RA NG EM EN
M US IC H AS M UC H IN CO M MO N W ITH BL UE S M U SIC ;
CO U NT RY GS OF BO TH O F TH ES E GE NR ES . TH E SI MP LE
AN IM PO RTAN T EL EM EN T FO UN D IN EA RLY RE CO RD IN
SO NG S IS
IN NO VA TI ON , AN D LIK E TH E BL UE S, CO UN TRY
EM EN T IN BO TH TH ES E GE NR ES LE FT M UC H SC OP E FO R
AR RA NG S IN DI FF ER EN T FO RM S.
ED BY VA RI OU S ARTI ST
MU SI C HA S BE EN AD AP TE D AN D MO LD
 6. REGGAE
ST YL E CA LL ED SK A, BA SE D ON R& B, JA ZZ AN D CA RIB BE AN
CA N MU SI C
RE GG AE MU SI C HA S IT S RO OT S IN A JA M AI D BY HI GH -PI TC HE D SN AR ES . IT HA S AL SO
IT IO NS . RE GG AE EX TE NS IV ELY US ES DR UM S, TY PI FIE
MU SI CA L TR AD
EC IA LL Y BA SS ES ) AN D SY NT HE SIZ ER S. UN LIK E
EL EC TR IC IN ST RU M EN TS , SU CH AS GU ITAR S (E SP
IN CO RP OR AT ED
DO NO T EN D WI TH TH E CY M BA L. TH E OR CH ES TR A
LLY EV ER Y OT HE R GE NR E, TH E DR UM RO LL S IN RE GG AE E RATH ER
VI RT UA IS AN IN ST RU M EN TATI ON -B AS ED GE NR
RTAN T PA RT IN RE GG AE PE RF OR M AN CE S. RE GG AE
IS TH E IM PO
M EN TS ; A ‘R EG GA E VE RS IO N’ OF AN Y SO NG CA N BE
A VO CA LS -B AS ED GE NR E, SIN CE W ITH TH E RI GH T IN ST RU
TH AN
QU IT E EA SILY MA DE .

7. HIPHOP
HI P HO P IS ON E OF TH E M OS T PO PU LA R MO DE RN GE NR ES
TH E W OR LD ,
FAVO RI TE AM ON G YO UN GS TE RS AL L OV ER P M OV EM EN T IN TH E 19 70 S. SIN CE TH E 19 90 S,
P HO P MU SI C EM ER GE D AS AN OF FS HO O T OF TH E H IP HO
OF MU SIC . HI
RA PP IN G IS ON LY ON E PA RT OF HI P HO P MU SI C.
E HA S BE CO M E SY NO NY MO US W IT H RA PP IN G, ALTH OU GH
TH E GE NR

ELECTRONIC
8.
EL EC TR ON IC MU SI C IS BA SE D, AS IS OB VI OU S
OR LD M US IC ,
ON E OF TH E M OR E M OD ER N GE NR ES IN W IN ST RU M EN TS IN CL UD E IN ST RU M EN TS SU CH
ME NT S. TH ES E
FR OM TH E NA M E, ON EL EC TR ON IC IN ST RU EM IN . EL EC TR ON IC MU SIC IS W ID EL Y KN OW N
AN D TH E TH ER
AS SY NT HE SI ZE RS , TH E EL EC TR IC GU ITA R
IN TH E FO RM OF HO US E OR DI SC O MU SI C.
 9. LATINO
RA L AM ER IC A, AN D TH E CA RI BB EA N. SO M E
IC EV OL VE D IN LA TIN AM ER IC A, I.E ., SO UT H AN D CE NT VA ,
LATI NO M US PU LA R A LL OV ER TH E W OR LD . BO SS A NO
YL ES , SU CH AS SA M BA , RU MB A, SA LS A AN D TA NG O, AR E PO
LATI NO ST BR AZ IL IA N MU SI C FO RM .
IS AL SO A FA M OU S
LIS TE D AS A SU BG EN RE OF JA ZZ MU SI C,

TRADITIONAL
10. ORIENTAL S. IN DI AN
RE DS , EV EN TH OU SA ND S OF YE AR
OR IE NT AL MU SI C CA N ST RE TC H BA CK TO HU ND
TR AD ITI ON S IN
TH E W OR LD — TR AC ES IT S RO OT S TO TH E VE DI C
US IC — TH E OL DE ST SU RV IV IN G M US IC AL GE NR E IN
CL AS SIC AL M
ON E M AN Y TR AN SF OR MA TIO NS IN TH E IN TE RI M.
OU SA ND S O F YE AR S AG O, AL TH OU GH IT HA S UN DE RG
PE RI OD TH
E TH RE E TR AD IT IO NS FO CU SE S ON EN SE MB LE SI NG IN G.
TH E M US IC IN TH ES

11. POP

ES TE RN PO P SC EN E. AS IA N PO P M US IC HA S
P M US IC IN AS IA IS HE AV ILY IN FL UE NC ED BY TH E W
PO CE NT URY, BO RN E OU T BY TH E PH EN OM EN AL
ES T IN TH E 21 ST
BE CO ME IN CR EA SIN GLY FA M OU S IN TH E W
TH E K- PO P (K OR EA N PO P) SO NG GA N GN AM ST YL E.
RE SP ON SE TO

Dynamics
DY NA M ICS RE FE RS TO TH E
VO LU M E OF A PI EC E OF M US IC .
MU SI C CA N BE DE SC RI BE D AS
LO UD , O R SO FT, OR TH ER E
CO UL D BE GR AD UA L CH AN GE S
FR OM LO UD TO SO FT, OR SO FT
TO LO UD , DE PE ND IN G ON TH E
PE RF OR ME R’ S IN TE RP RE TATI ON
OF TH E M US IC .
The Elements of Music and
their Definitions
Form
TH E FO RM OR ST RU CT UR E OF A
PI EC E MU SI C RE FE RS TO TH E
OR DE R AN D AR RA NG EM EN T OF
TH E DI FF ER EN T PA RT S. M US IC
VO CA BU LA RY SU CH AS
IN TR OD UC TIO N, VE RS E,
CH OR US , BR ID GE , SO LO , IN AN D
OU TR O AR E CO M M ON M US IC
TE RM S TH AT CA N BE US ED TO
DE SC RI BE M OS T RO CK O R PO P
MU SI C.
Harmony
TH E SI MP LE DE FI NI TI ON OF
MU SI CA L HA RM ON Y IS TH E
SO UN D CR EATE D WH EN TW O OR
MO RE PI TC HE S AR E PE RF OR ME D
AT TH E SA ME TI ME TO FO RM A
CH OR D. IN M OD ER N MU SI C, TH E
HA RM ON Y OF TE N CO ME S FR OM
IN ST RU ME NT S LIK E TH E GU ITAR
AN D PI AN O .
 Melody

IT IS A SE RI ES OF PI TC HE S TH AT
MA K E A TU NE . TH E ME LO DY IS
TH E PA RT TH AT
pe op le re me mb er an d wi ll sin g alo ng
to wh en lis te nin g. Rhythm
Texture

TH E ME LO DY DE TE RM IN ES TH E RH YT HM IN MU SI C IN CL UD ES TE XT UR E IN MU SI C RE FE RS TO
HA RM ON Y AN D TO NA LI TY OF SE VE RA L DI FF ER EN T AS PE CT S, TH E NU MB ER OF IN ST RU M EN TS
TH E PI EC E OF M US IC. TH E M AI N AN D SO M E PR EF ER TO US E TH E OR VO IC ES TH AT CO NT RI BU TE
ME LO DY CA N BE HE AR D WH EN TE RM DU RATI ON . A SI MP LE
BY AN TO TH E OV ER AL L DE NS IT Y OF
IT IS PL AY ED DE FI NI TI ON OF TH IS MU SI CA L
TH AT HA S A TH E M US IC . IT A LS O RE FE RS TO
IN ST RU M EN T TE RM IS TO DE SC RI BE HO W
OR TO NE TH E LAYE RS OF SO UN D IN A
UN IQ UE TI MB RE LO NG OR SH ORT A SO UN D IS. PIE CE OF M US IC , TH ES E LAYE RS
CO LO R/ QU AL IT Y. a. Te mp o. It is the spe ed or pa ce of AR E NA M ED BY TH EI R RO LE
A. PIT CH - RE FE RS TO TH E mu sic . W IT HI N A PIE CE OF M US IC .
HI GH NE SS OR LO WN ES S OF A b. Du rat ion – It de ter mi nes ho w lon g
TO NE . or sho rt a so und is.
B. TU NE - OR GA NI ZE D
SE QU EN CE OF SIN GL E TO NE S SO
RE LATE D TO ON E AN OT HE R TO
CR EATE A SO UN D
 Tonality
Timbre
TO NA LIT Y IN MU SIC RE FE RS TO
TH E OV ER AL L SO UN D OF TH E
CA N AL SO BE TI M BR E IN M US IC RE FE RS TO
TI MB RE MU SI C.
TH E UN IQ UE SO UN D QU AL IT Y
DE SC RI BE D US IN G TH E TE RM
OF AN IN ST RU M EN T.
TO NE CO LO R. JU ST LI KE IN A MU SI CA L CR ITI CI SM HA S A
PA IN TI NG AN D TH E US E OF PR IM ARY AI M : TH E EVAL UATI ON
DI FF ER EN T CO LO R CR EATE S OF M US IC .
DI FF ER EN T IM AG ES ; TH E A LIS TE NE R’ S RE AC TI ON TO A
PE RF OR MI NG M ED IA RE FE RS
“C OL OR ” OF AN IN ST RU ME NT IS MU SI CA L CO M PO SI TI ON TH AT IS
TO TH E IN ST RU M EN TS US ED IN
LI KE PA IN TI NG SO UN D FO R OU R IN TR IN SI CA LLY SU BJ EC TI VE IS
EV ERY A PIE CE OF MU SI C AN D TH E
EA RS TO HE AR . TH E DE TE RM IN IN G FA CT OR IN
AC TI ON US ED TO PR OD UC E A
IN ST RU M EN T AN D VO IC E HA S MU SI C CR IT IC IS M . DU KE
SO UN D.
TH EIR OW N UN IQ UE SO UN D, EL LI NG TO N SAY S, “T HE RE AR E
AN D IT IS TH IS QU AL IT Y TH AT TW O KI ND S OF M US IC . GO OD
MA KE S A PI EC E OF M US IC MU SI C AN D TH E OT HE R KI ND .”
UN IQ UE . TO AC QU IR E GO OD TA ST E OF
MU SI C ON E HA S TO IM ME RS E
HI MS EL F IN LI ST EN IN G TO A
W ID E RA NG E OF M US IC AL
CO M PO SI TIO NS .
 D. MUSIC AND SDG #3. Ensuring Healthy
Lives and Promoting Well-being in all Ages

IN TH E ARTI C LE “S D GS AN D MU SI C:
AG EN TS OF CH AN G E IN AC TI ON ” IN
FO R EX AM PL E, M US IC CA N HE LP US TO :
UN RI C. O RG , TH EY DI SC US SE D A BO U T
TH E MU SI C IN DU ST RY ’S RO LE IN TH E
IM PL EM EN TATI ON OF SD GS . SH AI N • MA NA GE ST RE SS
SH AP IR O, TH E G RO UP CE O OF SO UN D • EX PR ES S FE EL IN GS
DI PL OM AC Y AN D EX EC UT IV E • EN H AN CE M EM ORY
DI R EC TO R O F CE NT RE FO R M US IC • IM PR OV E CO M MU N IC AT IO N
EC OS YS TE MS , H OS TE D TH E W OR KS HO P • PR OM OT E W EL LN ES S
AN D STAT ED TH AT: “M US IC CA N PL AY A • PR OM OT E PH YS IC AL RE HA BI LI TATI ON
CU SIN G ON
KN OW TH AT FO
RO LE IN TH E A DVA NC EM EN T OF TH E • AL LE VI AT E PA IN (D ID YO U
UR BR AI N’ S PE RC EP TI ON OF PA IN ?)
SD GS AN D M US IC CA N PL AY A RO LE IN M US IC RE DU CE S YO
MA KI N G TH E W O RL D A BE TT ER PL AC E
EC ON OM IC A LLY, SO C IA LLY, AN D
cu ltu ra lly.”
THANK YOU