TO H F U T U L - -

MU J A H I D E E N,

H IST O RIC AL WOR K

T HE A R A B IC L A N GU A G E .

T RA N S LA T E D I N T O E N G LI S H

L IE UT . M J R O WLA N D S O N
. . ,

C OR . M R A S . . . .

PE R SA
I N IN T E RPRE T TO
ER T HE HE A D - QU AT R ER S O F T HE A R M Y , F O R T O
ST . G E R GE .

L ON DON
PRI N T E D FO R T H E O R I E N T A L T RA N S L A T I O N F U N D
OF G R E A T B R I T I N A N D I RE LA N D A .

SO LD B Y

JO H N M UR RA Y , AL E M A L E S E
B R TR E T ;

A ND P A B B UB Y, ALL E N, 8: C o .
, L EA DEN HA LL ST EETR .

M . D CC C X X X . II I .
LO DO
N N
 T RANS LAT OR S
PR EFAC E .

OF S h ei k h Z e e n auth or o f -
u d- dee n ,
th e
th e T o h fut ul m uj ah i d e e n b ut l i ttl e a pp e ars
- -
,

-
k no w n Fr o m th at w o rk w e l e arn th a t h e
.
,

l i v e d i n th e re ign o f S u l tan Al e e a di l Sh ah ,

th e fth s o v e re ign o f th e A d i l Sh a by d yn as ty -

o f B e a oor ; h m A l
j p w i l s t fr o h i s t i tl e of ,

i t ma y b e c on c l u d e d th a t h e
was a d e sc e nd an t o f o n e o f th e ori gi n al
e mi r ants fro m Ar a b i a ; b ut b y d th s
g e o n e e ,

p oi nts n o i n fo rm a ti on re gar d i ng him a pp e ars

,

to e x i s t F e r is h ta th e o n l y a uth o r from Wh o m
.
,

an
y a c c o un t o f h i m m i gh t b e e x p e c t e d i n ,

s ta ti ng that th e b ri e f a cc o u n t of Mal ab ar T
, ,

One p as s e d v o e r , an e mi g rant .

T Thi s a cco unt,P i l gu g w m i

w r t te n i n t h e e r s an an a e, as s o e

y g t n l t d i t E gl i h by M A d
e ar s a o ra s a e d l t ly n o n s r . n e rs o n , an a e

by C l n l B igg i h i i mp v d v i f F i h t G
o o e r s, n l s ro e e r s on o er s

a s e ne ra

Hi t y I t
s or . i t h i y f xt t f m th t p t f th
co n s s s c e o e ra c s ro a ar O e

T h fut l muj h i d n w h i h
o -u -
l t t t p p g ti f th
a ee c re a es o he ro a a on o e

B Mah o me d a n

T R A N S L A To a s

t o b e fo u n d i n h i s ge n e ra l Hi s to ry o f Hi m
d us ta n w a s , c h i e y t a k e n fr o m t h e TOhl t
ul m uj ahi d e e n
-
i s a l to g e th e r s il e nt u p o n th e
,

su bj e c t o f th e autho rshi p o f th at w o r k ; a
s il e n c e re mar k ab l e wh e n i t i s c o n s i d e re d th at ,

S h ei k h Z e e m u d d ee n a n d h i m s el f m u s t h av e
- -

b e e n c ote mp ora ry hi s t ori an s or ne arl y s o ; ,

a nd same c o u rt as hi s ( Fe ri s h ta s )
at th e ,

i ntro d u c ti on a t th e c o u rt o f B ej a p o o r t o o k
pl ac e a c c o rd i ng to h i s o w n ac c o u n t i n th e
, ,

y e ar o f th e Hej ira 9 9 8 o r te n y e ars o nl y ,

a fte r th e ass a ss i n ati o n o f Al e c a d i l Sh ah

* -
,

to Wh o m th e S h e i kh Z e i n ud d e e n d e di cat e d - -

th e o ri gi n al of thi s tra n sl a ti o n .

In thi s s e l e c ti o n o f h is p at r o n the au th o r ,

o f th e To hfut ul muj ah i d e e n was i n d u ce d - -

,

h e te ll s us ,by the u nw e ari e d z e al an d ac ti v i ty

M ah om e dan re l i gi on Mlb
in d f b i f mm y f th
a a ar , an o a r e su ar o e

i
h s to r i l p
ca art o f th t w k b t
a th wh l
or h pt ( f u , as e o e c a er o

d
F e ri s h ta ) oe s no t e x d tw lv p g th i l t i
ce e ily
e e a e s, s as s n e ce s sar

v y i mp f t
er er e c w h i l t t th
s xi t
, v f
o i d bl
e e s e nce e en o a con s e ra e

p tior f th on o e w ork th P i h i t i h m d
, e ers an s o r an as a e no

all u i s on .

A D 1 5 79
. . . He w as a s s a s s i n at e d by a n e un u ch , u n d er c r i
cu m s ta nce s w h i ch , fo r m an y y w c id d e ar s , '
e re on s er e my s te
r io u s , b ut w h i ch a re n o w f i tly w ll kn w t
su
c en e o n o re e ct mu ch
in f my p
a u on Al ee- a di l S h h m m y a

s e or .
 P R E FA C E . ix

i
w h c h A l e e a d i l S h a h h a d d s pl a y e d i n w a r
i - E

ri n a a i ns t i n d e l s to e xc i te hi s M ah o m e d a n
g g ,

b re th re n g e ne r all y ,
b ut m ore p arti cu l arl y
th o s e in p ow e r s i s tance
,
to a mo re v i gorou s re

o f th e C h r i s t i a n h e re ti c s w h o h ad i n v a d e d ,

th e p o ss e ss i o n s o f th e fai th J l i n th e co u n tr i es

o f M a l a b ar c ons ti tu ti ng hi s av o w e d o bj e c t
,

i n th e c omp i l ati o n o f h i s narrati v e .

Th at thes e C hr i s tian i nd el s a l th o ugh ,

d e s cr i b e d by th e S h e i kh und e r th e ge ne ral .

ti tl e o f Al Afru nj o r th e F ra n k s w e re the
-
, ,

Po rtu gu e s e i t i s ha rdl y n e c e ss ar y t o re mar k

,
.

T h at h e w as not ho we v e r more p ar ti c u l ar i n , ,

h i s d e n o mi n a ti on o f th e s e d e a dl y e n e m i e s o f
h i s rac e (as h e w o u ld h av e th e m ) i t i s h a r d
t o ma gi e i f t e fac t
i n h t h at al ,
th o ug h A bu l ~
,

fe d a Ti n h i s U ni v er sa l Hi s to ry ( w ri tt e n i n th e
,

4 The a uth o r may b e su

p p o s e d h ere

i y
ch e to a ll d u e t o th e

s h a re wh i ch Al e e- a di l t k oo i n th e d e s tr u t i n
c o o f Ra mr aj , th e
Ray o f B e ej an ugg ur, i n th e y e ar 1 5 65 . His a ll i a n ce , h ow e v e r,

i i n d l nd un f t un t h i ft i n n
w t h th at e f w ya or a e C e a ,
o ly a e e ar s

b ef g i n t M l m p i n ( N i z m S h h f A hm d n u g
ore , a a s a os e r ce a a o e

g u ) th S h i kh w uld pp
r , e i th t h v f g i v n f
e o a e ar e er o a e or e or or

g o tt e n .

M B yl h

r . a e as ch ar gd
e t he l e arne d Po co ck e w th h a i vi g n

b g il ty f
een u o an a n a ch r o n s i m re g di g th
ar n e s ucce s s o n o f i th i s

th (I m l A b ul fe d a ) to th p i n i p l i ty f H mah in
'

au or s ae a e r c a o a

B 2 Sy i
r a .
x T R A N S LA T o a s

fourte e nth c entu ry) i s fo u nd to d i s ti ngui sh ,

R i c h a r d C oe u r d e Li o n by th e t i tl e o f Al

Ink i ta r or th e En gl i s h ma n ; y e t tha t th i s
, ,

t i tl e ( l i k e th os e o f Al A n dal o os a n d Al A fra m - -

s aw e e for th e S p an i a r d a n d th e F r e n c hman )
,

h a s o nl y o f l a te y e ar s b e c o m e fa m i l i a r
amo ngs t the Mah o m e da ns o f I n d i a w h o fo r ,

m e rl y a ppl i e d t o th e E ngl is h F re n c h a nd , ,

P o rt u g ue s e i n d i sc ri mi na te l y th e ti tl e o f A l
, ,

ll n ot b e c o n s i d e re d to a c c o u n t
A fr u n
j s h a .

fb r i t
W i th a v i e w to th ro w ligh t u p on w h a t
foll o ws th e au th o r h a s p r e x e d to h i s na rr a
,

t i v e o f th e e a rl i e r p ro c e e d i n gs o f th e P o rt u

u e s e i n M a l a b a r th re e i n t ro d u c to ry ch a p
g
te rs .In th e rs t o f th e s e h e re c o u nts th e ,

Sy i G gni h
r a . a p f t hi L t i v i n
e r, ow e v e r, i n hi s r e a ce o s a n er s o

f A b ul f d li f f M h m d ( p bl i h d t O f d in th

o e a s e o a o e u s e a x or e

e ar ly p t f th l t t y )
ar o f ll y
e t v t
as thi ce n ur s u cc e s s u c on r o er s s

c h g ; t th
ar e m t i m th t h p
a e th
sa f ll w i g j t
e e a e as s e s e o o n us

e n co mi m p u th t di ting i h d O i
u on t li t aB v b s u s e r en a s : o na er a

m i B yl i t m i t d t nt v i
a , ne ini q m f
a j di i m t
c o e a o ro uu e ras u c u , u

f l i m p g N i f it m g E d w d P ki

a s re u e ra as . on s u a n us ar us o co c us

qui t m f il p
a t f ll i t l i
ac i e mi dosse t E t a u a os n e rr ore n uce re . ra

i i t g
v r imn e errt li d d t ; t q n i b it
us e t q soi e o c us e u ai v s o e r, e u as ,

a li d g
u i hi l mi
a t m
e ns, n v i im p i it h
o nu s a en er s s e r o n un c a v ze c

v b & P f ti p v
er a,

c . re a o, . .
 P R E F AC E . xi

se v e r a l c omma nd s o f M ah ome d to h i s fol

l o w e r s to e xte rm i na te i nd e l i ty ; d i l ati ng al s o
u po n th e m e ri to r i o u s n ature a n d u l ti m ate

r e w a rd o f tha t a c t o f re l i gi o u s d u ty He re .

the S he i k h a fte r th e m a n n e r o f P e te r th e
,

He rmi t (h i s obj e c t h o w e v e r b e ing d i re c tl y

, ,

o pp o s e d t o th a t w h i c h a n i m a te d t h e w a n d e r ~

i ng p r e ac h e r o f th e C ru sa d e s ) w o u ld e n d e a ,

v o u r t o e x c i te h i s b r e th re n t o a h ol y war
a ga i n s t th e i n d e l i n tr u d ers the c u rs e d
F ra n k s Th e s e c on d ch a p te r p urp o rts to
.

b e a n a c c o u nt o f th e r s t di ss e mi nati on b f -

the Ma h om e d a n re l igi o n i n M a l a b a r In .

th e thi rd th e auth or w o u ld d e sc ri b e th e
,

s i ngul a r usa ge s an d c u s to ms w hi c h d i s tin

g u i s h t h e Na i rs a n d o the r i nh a b i t a n t s o f th a t

c ountry .

W ith thi s i ntro du c ti o n th e ac c o u nt o f th e

,

p r o c e e d i n gs of the Po rtu gue s e i s c omme n c e d

fro m th e ti me r s t arri va l i n M al a
of th e i r
b ar ( w h i c h e v e n t i s x e d by th e au th o r o f
th e To hfu t u l m uj ah i d e e n in th e m i ddl e o f
- -

t he y e a r o f th e Hij r a a n d i s c o n ti

H e re a g i g
re e n i ly
en t r e i
w th th e P o rt ug ue s e a cco unt s o f
'

th e arr iv l
a of V as co de G a ma at C li
a cut, in May 1 4 98 .
 T R A N S L A T O RK

nue d U p to th e Mah omedany e a r th e

n arrati v e th us e m b rac i n g a p e r i o d o f b e tw e e n

e i gh ty a nd n i n e ty y e ar s T h a t th e S h e i k h .

i s n ot here u p o n u ntrodd e n groun d w ill b e

ob v i o u s Th e a c ti o n s o f De Gam a
. th e ,

re a t P ortu u e s e n av i a t o r w h o ra n k s o n l y
g g g ,

s e c o n d to h i s gre ate r c o te mp orary C ol u mb us ,

h av e b e e n i mmo r tal i z e d by h i s c o u ntr yma n

C a m o ens Le V i rgi l e des P or tu gai s as ,

V o l ta i re h as s tyl e d hi m) i n hi s p o e m o f ,

Os Lus i a de s o r Th e Lus i a d

,
a p o e m fa mi ,

l iar to th e Engl i sh r ea d e r by the e l e gant ,

v e rs i on o f M i c kl e ; wh il s t i n t he P o rt u ,

u es e h i s to ri e s o f Ma ffe us A i u B a rr o s
g s o r s , , ,

a n d F ari a S o u za th e e x pl o i ts o f C a b r a l
y
- -

, ,

A l b u q u e r qu e A l m eid a a n d t h e i r su cc e ss o rs
, ,

i n I nd i a h av e b e e n c e l e b rate d w i th gr e a t
,

d i ffus e n e ss It i s c re d i ta b l e t o th e S h e i k h
.
,

In w h a t m ay b e con s id e re d as a p o s t s cr i pt t o th e w or k ,

so me a ccount o f th e co n i t d i f th P
on o e o rt u g ue s e in Ml ba a ar , u
p
t o th e y e ar l td t h w v
1 5 8 1 , has b gi v
een A en. s thi s as a e, o e e r,

i tw y
s o ft th
ear s i ti f Al
a er di l S h h ( t
e as s as s n a on o ee - a a o

w h m th T hf t l m j h i d
o e i d d i t d ) th t
o u -
u -
lt u a een s e ca e , e r an s a o r

m t us l d th t thi i t f m th p f S h i kh Z i d
con c u e a s s no ro e , en o e e n- u

d ;
e en h d it b
as, dd d by him b q ntl y h
a ee n ld a e su se ue , e co u

h dly h v
ar i ded m ll u i n t th t v nt
a e a vo so e a s o o a e e .
 P R E FA C E . x i

th a t th e t e s ti mo n y a u th o rs e s ta of th e s e

b li s h e s th e deli ty o f hi s n arra ti ve ; s i n c e
'

bes i d e s a v ery mi nute a n d e xtr a o rd i n ary

a gre e me nt on m a ny m i nor p oi n ts o f d e t a il
, ,

i n th e r e l ati o n o f l e a d i ng e v e n ts i t i s s e l ,

d o m fo u n d m u c h a t vari an c e w i th th e i r a c
c o un ts .In th e v o l umi n ou s w or k o f Ma ffe us l
,
ae

wri tte n und er ro y a l au th o ri ty a nd e xp r e ss ly ,

c e l e b r a r e d ome s ti ca fa c ta th i s a gr e e m e n t ,

i s mo r e p a rti cul arl y r emark a b l e as w i ll b e ,

s e e n by th e quo ta ti on s fro m th at w ri te r
w h i c h wi ll b e me t w i th i n th e h i s tori ca l or
l a tte r p art o f th i s tran sl ati on .

I ntru d e rs the ms e l v e s the Mah o me dans n a ,

tura l ly re a rd e d th e P or tu u e s e wh o ca me
g g ,

i n a l i k e c h ar ac te r w i th fe e l i ngs o f j e al o u s y
,

a n d d i s tru s t ; an d fro m th e Po rtu u e s e hi s

g
tori es w e nd th a t De Gam a a n d h i s s uc
,

c e ss o rs e a rl y e nt e rt a i n e d a no c ommo n d e

re e o f a n i m o s i ty a n d d i s l i k e t ow a r d s th e s e
g
S arac e n s as th e y terme d th e m U nd e r
, .

l o an . P t i M tf
e r a S ci etat I u H i t i
e n, B erg omati s , o e es ,
s or a

rum In di uca r m l ib i
xv S l t um i t m
, r x I nd i
r. Ep i e e c ar , e , e as s

t l um
o ar eo n t
e l i bri I v C l ni Ag ip p in i n
d m i t p er re e , . o o as r oe ,

o i in
c a B i k m ni rum ti b ua A
ca ,n ld i M y
sl i i A nn r o o
p s .

ua x x rx C um g. ti et p ivi l g i S C
ra e M i ta ti
a r e o . ae sar ae a es s.


xi v T RAN SLA TOR s

th e s e c i rcu ms t an ce s , i t is p e cte d
not to b e ex

th a t i n j u dgi ng of th e moti v e s w hi ch ac t u a t e d
,

th e ac t i ons o f th e i r r e s p e c ti v e c o u ntry m e n ,

th e Mah om e d a n a nd h i s C a th ol i c c o te m p o

r ar i e s s h o uld muc h agr e e It mus t b e co n

.

fe ss e d th at the y d o n o t ; a nd mo re th a t w e re ,

i t n o t for th e e v i d e nc e to hi s c re d i b i l i ty ab o v e
a ll u d e d to w h i c h s e cu r e s h i m from su c h a
,

ch a r e t h e S h e i kh f ro m hi s fre u e nt a n d
g , , q
h e arty i mp r e ca ti on s o f e vi l u p o n th e s e

cu rs e d F r ank s (a s h e s ty l e s th e m) migh t ,

h av e b e e n s u s p e c te d o f h a v i ng m i x e d u p h is
fe e l i ngs w i th h i s n a rra ti v e to th e p rej u d i c e
,

o f i ts tr u th U p o n th e su bj e c t of thi s wan t
.

o f c ou rt es e o n th e p a r t o f o u r a u th o r if
y , ,

an a po l o y ca n b e a d m i ss i b l e fo r s u c h a n
y g
o ffe n c e i n o ne s e tti ng hi ms e l f u p fo r a n
hi s to ri an i t ma y b e r e m a rk e d th a t th e fu ri o u s
, ,

a nd p e r s e cu ti n s p i ri t w hi ch th e P o r t u ue s e
g g
i n v a ri ab l y d i s pl ay e d t hro u gh o u t the i r I n d i an
r u l e w as fe l t by n o c l as s o f m e n mo re se v e r e l y
,

th a n the Mah om e da n me r c h an ts o f M a l ab a r ;

a nd ,furth e r th a t th e c ruel ti es asc ri b e d by

,

h i m to th e P or tu gu es e fall far sh o rt o f th e
,

a tro c i o us a cts wh ich w ri te rs o f th ei r ow n

c ountry a n d r e l ig i o n h a v e a d mi tte d as j us tl y
 PR E FA C E . X V

c harge ab l e to th e m Th e tra nsl ator would .

h e re p ar ti c u l arl y r e fe r to th e acc oun t by Mo n ,

s ie u r Dill o n o f th e I n q ui s iti on o f Goa (wr i t!

,

t e n a b o u t o n e h u n d r e d a n d fty y e a rs ago) ,

wh e re a p i c tu re i s d rawn o f that d i a b o li cal

i n s tituti on mu ch more h ighl y c o l ou re d th an
th e Sh e i k h s d e sc ri p ti o n o f th at hou s e

o f d ark n e ss a nd s te n c h th e t e rm s w h i ch ,

he us e s w he n s p e a k i ng of i t In th e w o rk .

o f Fra Pa ol ino
"
al s o no a tte mp t h as b e e n ,
e
,

m a d e to c o n c e al o r d e n y th e b arb a ri ti e s p rao
tis e d by h i s c ountrym en i n th e E as t A s on .

th i s p oi nt th e re fore (o n e o n w h i c h h e m i gh t
,

h av e b e e n e xp e c te d to e x a gge r ate ) th e S h e i kh ,

a pp e a r s to h av e b ee n gui l ty o f n o e xa gge ra
t i o n i t i s n ot u n re as ona b l e to su pp o s e
,
tha t ,

Vi gg i
a o a ll I ndi O i
e e r e nta li , um il i ato a ll
e t i t di N S
s an a . .

Pp a a Pi o s e s to Po ntice M im as s o, da Fr a P l in d S B t
ao o a . ar o

l o meo , C ar me li t ano, S lz R
ca o . o ma , p re s s o A nt ni o o Ful g oni,
l
anno mnxxx cv r .

It w a s th i s a uth o r to w h om S ir W . J one s a ppl i d e th e te rm

of H m t i um li t um in
o o qur f h i h v in g di erar ,

co n s e e n ce o s a s

p t d th p ini n f S i Wi ll i m th t th V d
a e e o o b k f o r a a e e a,

or oo o

l w f th H i d
a s o w w i tt n
e th s d y n B C
oo s , as r e o ne o u an e ar s . .

P li t t d by
ao ll i g him H m i u l it
no re o r e , S f ca n o o un s e r ae. t

o ar ,

say hi l sd G m n t n l t ( D F t r) th h mp i n
s e a rn e er a ra s a or r. or s e , e c a o s

w up erel v l! on a e e
 RA N S LA T O R S P R E F A C E

xvi T .

i n ge n e ral hi s ac count o f the ty rann i ca l a n d

o p p r e ss i v e c o n d u c t o f th e P o rt u g u e s e w h ils t

i n M al a b a r i s n ot o v e rd r a wn
,
It w o u ld b e .

i ne x c u sa b l e i n th e tr a n sl ato r to l e ngt h e n
farth e r h i s r e mar k s up on s o i n c ons i d era b l e a
p erforman c e a nd h e w i ll th e re fo re o nly a dd
,

th e e x p re ss i o n o f hi s ho p e s th at the i n e l e ,

g anci es o f l a n u a e a nd s tyl e
g g w h i c h h av e ,

b ee n i n s e p a rab l e from a c los e a dh e rence to

h i s au thor (hi s o bj e c t h avi ng b e e n to gi v e
a l i te r a l a nd fai th ful v e rs i on) w i ll b e o ve r ,

l oo k e d : al so of h is ac k n o w l e dgme n ts to
,

th e gentl e man by who s e k i n d n e ss h e b e

'

c am e p o ss e ss e d of th e o rigi nal M S an d to .

Mr J Lush in gto n th e s e c re t ary o f th e M a

. .
,

d ras Auxi liar y B ran ch o f the R oy al A s i ati c

So c i e ty wh o s e re ad i ne s s to as s i s t p ers o ns
,

en a ed
g g i n w o rk s o f th e d e sc ri p ti o n n o w

o ffere d , k e e p s p ac e wi th h i s ab ility to do i t ,

a n d to w h om th e t ra n s l a to r w as i n d e b te d ,

b e s i d es th e l o a n o f a c o p y for much val u a b l e ,

i nform ati o n re gar d i ng th e o rigin a l of th i s

tr an s l ati on .

Th e Hon . W . Ol i v er, mem b e r o f co un c il , Fort S t

. . G g
e or e
 A U TH O R S P R E F A C E
.

IN THE N AME or c o n, THE A LL M E RC I F UL

AND A LL C O M P A SS I O N A T E !

A L L pra is e and th anksg ivi ng

asc rib e d to be
Go d ! w h o , i n re v e ali ng th e re ligi o n o f Isl a mism

e x al te d i t a b o v e all o th e r c re e ds h a vi ng bl e ss e d ,

wi th h is d ivi ne fav ou r al l w h o h av e e mb ra c e d i t ,

fro m th e e arly age s u nt il now *

A nd bl e ssi ng .

a nd p e a c e to h i s P ro p h e t h is h ru e w a
( h e w o t e t y
to th a t fa i th w h ic h s h a ll e ndu re for e v e r I) a n d

up on h is p os te ri ty and comp anions d o n al l o f th e m !

for th e Lord ( h a l l o w e d b e h i s na m e) h as m e rcifully

d is ti nguis h e d his s e rvants h avi ng vouc h safe d to ,

the m disc rimi nat i on j udgm e nt and wisd o m ; and, ,

W i th a vi v y i g t th E gl i h d m i d
e w o f co n e n o e n s rea e r so e ea

of th tyl
e s f th T hf t l m j h i d
e o e o th t
u -u -l t in n u a e e n, e r an s a or, re

d i g i t E gl i h th int d u t y p g f h i th h
er n n o n s es e ro c or a es o s au o r, as

l ft th
e t u ti
e c on s r f th
c t n
on o t i ly th y
e s en ef d ce s e n re as e are o un

i th
n i gi l A b i
e or na ra c.

1 A l th gh th th w ld h
ou e au t bl i h hi
or th d xy
ou ere e s a s s or o o ,

by i l udi g th S h ib h
nc n e th th
a t kh l i f O m
e ,

or e re e rs a s, ar ,

nd O thm n in hi b n di ti n y t f m th
.

Ab b uk u
oo r, a a , s e e c o s, e ro e

t e nets
 A U TH O R S P RE FA C E

2 .

mul tipli e d to the m a l l t h i ngs ne c e ssary ; h avi ng :

b rough t to ligh t th at wh ic h l e ad e th to s alvati on .

a nd to th e a tta i nm e nt o f all e xc e ll e nc e ; fu rth e r ,

h avi ng s e nt u nto t h e m p ro p h e ts w ho w e re t he ,

b e a re rs o f goo d t idi ngs and w h o by e x h ortati on ,

g av e k nowl e dge o f the Lord di re c t i ng i n the righ t ,

w ay B ut c h i e y are w e i nd e b te d to th e divi ne
.
, ,

g ood ne ss i n that w e h av e b e e n b orn o f the rac e o f

,

t h e c h o ic e o f h is c re ate d b e i ngs M a h o m e d ( up on ,

w ho m may the bl e ssi ng and p e a c e o f God for e ve r

re s t l) h e re i n b e i ng ra is e d a b o v e a l l na t i o ns
,
The .
-

Lord m o s t h igh h a th s a id Y e are th e c h os e n ,

ra c e s e l e c te d fro m a m ong manki nd

,
a nd ,

te n e t s of hi s p a tr o n ha vi g b
n e e n notor o us i ly o th er w s e i ( on e of

th e rs t a ct s o f A l ee -aa dil Sh ah u p , on hi s s u cce e di n g to th e

t h r one of B ej ap oor , h a vi g b n e en to d e n o un c e th e S ah ib e h, an d

to d pt th d t i n f th S h h t) it m j tly bj t
a o e oc r es o e ea sec , se e s us su ec

to so m pi i e s us c on .

D ing th l i f ti m f h i f th I b hi m di l S h h h i
ur e e- e o s a er ra -aa a , s

so n Al ( F i h t t ll ee
) d i v d
er s h i t t a h m t te t hs us s co er e s a ac en o e

t t
ene s f Ab T l ib T h S h i k h th
o u- f i t mu t b
a . e e e r e or e , s e c on

l d d w ith v y t l t S nn ( th th d x t )
c u e , as e er a er o e r an oo ee e or o o se c ,

or wh t p h p i m a p b bl h i m lf
er a s sf th wh ore ro a e, se o ne o os e o

cp l

h ld h t
e d x p ini g di g th a S n h B k f
e ero o o on s re ar n e , oo n a , or oo o

th p ph t t d i ti

e ro e s ra on s .

K S h u lj oran,Im ( t h
oo ra t hi d h p t ) r an or e r c a er , a

n m whi h M h m d h
a e g i v t th f th f th Vi rgi
c a o e as en o e a er o e n

M y In th i h pt n
ar . nt i g i v s cf th b i rth f J
a er a a cco u s en o e o e s us

Ch i t r s
 A UTH O R S

PR E F A C E . 3

d e cl are d the p ro p h e t of God ( wi th w hom may th e

divi ne fa vou r e v e r dw e ll I a m a p r i n c e o f th e
ra c e o f A d a m a nd th e m o s t ,

A nd if i t b e tru e t ha t h e ( o n w h o m b e p e ac e
,

w a s th e l ord o f th e p o s te r i ty o f A d a m i t fo ll o ws ,

t h at h e w as sup e r e xc e ll e nt a b o v e t h e w ho l e a nd -
,

t h e sup e r e xc e l l e nc e o f h i s d e sc e ndants is a co n
-

s e qu e nc e o f th e sup e r e xc e ll e nc e of h ims e lf -
.

Fu rth e r th e Im a m Ah mud r has re l ate d upo n

,
-
,

t h e au thori ty of Al Mi kd ad i ( on w h o m b e p e a c e ! ) -

Ch i t d f J h th B pti t v y imi l t th t
r s an o o ndd e a s , er s ar o a re cor e

by th Ev g l i t A
e anl h w v M h m di n t
e s s . s us ua ,
o e er, a o e s o con

t t d w i th
en e l ti g th m tt h f n d i t b t i g i l ty f
re a n e a er a s e ou , u s u o

o n f hi bl ph m
e o s d h i ldi h i t p l t i n i w h i h h
as e o us an c s n er o a o s, n c e

ca u sesS vi to urim t b i d th t h h d m d f
a o ur o an a e a r a e a a e o

ly
c a .

Thi i
at
q t ti n f m th j lg f g S h ih B kh
s s a uo a e a oo e u

o ro a

ll ti n f t di ti n g di g M h m d v y imi l
r ee , a co ec o o ra o s re ar n a o e , er s ar

t o th e 5 0 S oh e i h M o o s el l i m
6
.

T O r Al -
Gh z l ia a ,
o ne of th e mo s t ce elb r at e d of th e com

m e ntators u p th K
on e oran . He w as bor n i n th e y e ar o f th e

H ji e ra 4 50, or A D 1 060. . . In con s e q ue n ce of hi s g t

re a re

l i g yl d M) A ) I m m l llum
fo r h e w as
A [ th
ut e e ar n n st e a a a
p
-
,
-
, e

ld hi f w k w
Im m a of th e w or . Hi s c e
U s
m
l I )
or as : !

4 A hi

a al o o m - a d d n
- ee ,

or d i qui iti n p n th i n
a s s o u o e sc e ce s

conne ct e d w i th re l igi n o .

1 O n e o f th e i
a s s o c at e s o f M h m d Th l
a o e . e a s t ch a pt er b ut
o ne ( or th e LX X I I) of A b lf d l i f f
u e

a s e o th e I mp o s tor,

c onta ns i a full a cco unt of th e s e Proph etae co mites,

as th e
l e ar ned
4 A UTH O R S
P R EF A C E .

t h at p ro p h e t ( for e ve r bl e sse d ) to e x
h e h e ard the ;

cl a im : Th e re sh all not re m a i n a dwe lli ng i n the

ci ty or o n th e pl a i n on wh ic h th e Lord s h all
, ,

no t c a us e to d e sc e nd th e w ord o f Isl a mism ,

w h ich sh all dignify hi m a l re ady r igh te ous ,

a nd c o nd e m n hi m w h o l iv e s i n s i n t o t h e s al ,

vati on o f th e o ne and th e e ve rl as ti ng rui n o f ,

th e o the r Fo r th o s e w h o m God w o uld e x a l t

.
,

will h e m a k e o f the numb e r o f tru e b e li e v e rs ,

w h ils t th os e w ho s e d e s truc t i on h as b e e n p re
d e te rmi ne d ,s h all s e al i t by rej e c ti ng th is h oly

fa i th w hi c h i nd e e d s a id I
, h as G o d for its , ,

a u t h or and i ts e nd N o w b e it k nown th a t .
,

l earn e d G g i tyl t h m t t t t t h q ti w h
a n er s es e , o se a res e ue s on , o

h uld b id d mp i n L h
s o e c o ns
W U
e re u ) A3
as co an o s

- w y w t ly i t i
9 4 5
0
u
) f ( h ) n or sa s e o ru s a

su bj t f t v y m g t m t w h m th t titl i d
ec o co n r o e rs a on s en o o a e s ue .

A b l f d w l d d i v i d th m i t t hi t
u e a ou l ; th e t e n o r een c as s e s e rs

l
c as s co n s s i ti g f All Z i d d th n o wh t mb dee , e , an os e o rs e ra ce

M h m d d t i Th th t f ll w w i th
'

a o e s oc r n e s . f w os e
p a o o are , a e e xc e

ti on s , l d c a s se di g t th imp t e f th i
a cc or n v i in o e o r anc o e r s er ce s

t h p ph t In m d dy hwv Mhmdn

e ro e s ca u s e . o ern a s, o e er, a o e a s

d i v i d th p p h t
e e i t i t tw g t l
ro e

l t Th
s as so c a e s n o o re a c a s se s s . e

J L QJ X ) A} A ( th i d )ns a r
; G g i de i b
a e rs o r, as a n er e scr es

th m e , A dj t t qui M h m di p t i m l um I l
u a or e s

a o e s ar e s s u c s a

m i m p i mi M di n i m mp l i f
w

s o r e 2d en s u
l a ex uere .
d
'

Al M h j i u th
a er e n, wh d ; M h m di f g o se o e ,

or a o e s, u ae

co mit b i g th w h
e s, mp n i d M h m d i hi
e n os e o a cco a e a o e n s

ight i t Aby i ni
n o ss a.
 A U TH O R S P R E FA C E

6 .

wi th the m in th e e x e rci s e of th e i r anci e nt cus toms

u d h d ivi ne p ro te c t i on) liv e d i n h appi ne ss
( n e r t e ,

a nd p ro sp e ri ty E nj oyi ng th is p rosp e ri ty for a

.

s e ason b ut ha vi ng by i nd e li ty forfe i te d the

,

favo u r o f t he A lmigh ty and re b e ll e d agai ns t and , ,

s e t t h e ms e lv e s a t v ari a nc e to th e D ivi ne a u th o ri ty ,

God ra is e d up a g a i ns t the m th e nati o ns of E u rop e ,

th e F ra nks wh om may t h e M os t H igh e te rnally

c onfou nd ! A nd t h e se b e gi nni ng to o pp re ss and
c o mmi t h o s t ili t i e s a g a i n s t th e M a h o m e d a ns t h eir
'

*
ty rann ic a l a nd i nj u ri o u s u sa ge p roc e e d e d to a
l e ngth th at wa s th e occ a si o n o f a ge ne ra l co nfu
si on a nd dis trac ti on a mongs t th e p opul ati on o f
th e c ou ntry Th is c ont i nu e d for a l ong p e ri od
.
,

Th e e x ce s s e s of th e P tu gu
f un d d t il d t or e se wl il be o e a e a

l ngth i th h i t i l
e n e s or cat f th i w k Th y h v
, or l tt p
a er ar o s or . e a e

f m d bj t f th p
or e a su ec f w itor f ll ti e; am gt
en s o r e rs o a na on s on s

oth th g
ers , t E gl i h d m ti t C mb l n d
e re a n s ra a s , u er a :

W ith v i ad mb i ti d
ar ce an a on r

E g li k f plu d
a er a d fe fm or n er an or a e,

O w d th y p t p i g p th i p y
n ar e re s s o s r n u on e r re .

Th v y p i l bt i d w i th g dy h t
ere e er s o o a ne , re e as e

By f f d ld vi h f m th h d
o r ce or rau co u ra s ro e an s

Of t p fl
n a ure s

g i th y m nt
e a ce u so n s , a a n e ou

Th i i h ly f i gh t d b k Sh w h i l th i
e r r c r e ar . e, e e cr e s

O f w i d w d f ph o s an d th t d o or an s r e n e s ran ,

S t i di g th b i ll w t th v l w i d
r n e o s, o e e na n s

S p d h b d v n nd i b f th g l
rea s er roa a s, a es e or e e a e .
 A U T H O R S P R E FA C E

. 7

fo r ly e ig h ty y e ars w h e n th e a ffa i rs o f t he
ne a r ,

Mo sl e ms h ad arrive d at th e l as t s ta ge of d e c ay ,

ru i n p o ve rty and wre tc h e d ne ss ; si nc e w h ils t

, , ,

t h e y w e re too ill p ra c tis e d i n d e c e i t to diss e mbl e

a n o b e di e nc e w h ic h w as not si nc e re th e y ne i th e r ,

p o ss e ss e d the p o w e r to re p e l nor m e ans to e v ad e , ,

t h e e vils t h a t a f ic te d t h e m N o r did th e M ah o .

m e d an p ri nc e s a nd C h i e fta i n s w ho w e re p oss e ss e d
o f l arge armi e s a nd w ho h ad a t th e i r c o mm a nd
,

g re a t mili tary re s o u rc e s a t all c o m e fo rw ard fo r ,

t he i r d e l iv e ranc e o r b e s to w a ny o f t he i r w e a l th i n
,

s o h o ly a c a us e a s i n t h e re sis ta nc e o f th e s e t y ra nt

i nd e l s ; s ee i ng t h at for th e m os t p art th e y w e re , ,

i ndi ffe re nt to w a rds th e i nte re s t s o f th e i r re ligi on ,

a nd u nwilli ng to b ar te r th e i r w orldly w e a l th fo r

a n e te rna l re w a rd For th is c a us e th e re fore h a v e

. , ,

I c o mpil e d th is narra tiv e ; h avi ng i n vi e w t h e ,

a ro usi ng o f th e fa i th ful t o e ng ag e i n a h o ly w a r

fare a ga i ns t t he w ors h i pp e rs o f cruci xe s tha t ,

It w o u ld s ee m fro m th e h i s tori e s o f th e co urt s o f B ej ap o or,

Ahm e dn ugg u r, an d Go l co ndah ( to w h i ch co ur ts th e Sh i kh e

h e re w o u ld
i y ll ud ) th t t th ti m f th
ch e a i v l f th
e ,
a a e e o e arr a o e

P rt ugu in I ndi th p w w t mu h upi d in

o e se a, ese o er s e re oo c o cc e

th i w n i nt i g u
e r o rn d qu l t g d w i th m u h i n te t
es a arr e s o re ar c re s

or co n n th p
ce r e ding f h ndful f f i gn v g b nd
r o ce e s o a a o o re a a o s,

as th h i t ri n
e s o f th t d y w uld d
a s o ib th m It w n t
a a o e s cr e e . as o

u nti l th y ear 1 5 7 0th t A d il S h h m d h i t ( m u c

e a a a e s rs l s c e ss

ful ) a tte m pt t o re co v er Go a .
8 AUTH OR S
P R E FA C E .

th e y s h ould e ng age i n i t b e i ng a du ty of divi ne ,

c o mm a nd th e s e i n d e l s h a vi ng i nv a d e d te rri to r i e s
,

i nh a bi te d by Mah ome d ans a nd h avi ng tak e n p ri ,

s ou e rs fro m am o ngs t t h e m a mul ti tud e w h o s e

n u mb e r c a nnot b e c o mpu te d ; h avi ng a ls o p ut

m any of the fa i th ful to d e ath and c o mp e ll e d a ,

v as t b ody o f th e m to e mb ra c e C h ris t i ani ty ; a nd ,

l as tly m a d e c a p tive s o f th e i r fe m a l e s and w h e n

, ,

b ou nd and i n sh ackl e s h avi ng vi ol ate d th e i r p e r ,

-e

s on s i n th is m anne r c ausi ng C h ris tia n c h ild re n to

,

b e b rough t i nto b e i ng w h o a ls o h a v e i n a fte r ,

t im e o ccupi e d t h e ms e lv e s i n a ggre ssi on s a nd i n

j u ri e s ag a i ns t th e fa i thful a nd i n t yra ni c al ly o p ,

p re ssi n g t h e m N o w -
t o uc h i n
. g t h e t i t l e o f t,h is
work I h a ve s tyl e d i t Toh fu t ul
,
-

or , a n o ffe r i ng to w a rri o r s w h o s h a ll g h t i n d e

fe nc e o f re ligi on a g a i ns t i n d e l s ; i t b e i ng a
h is to ry o f the a ffa i rs o f t he F ra nks i n th e c o un tri e s
o f M a l ab ar a nd re c o u nt i n g t h e i r i nfa m o u s ma
,

c h ina ti o ns a g ai ns t t h e re ligi o n o f Isl a mism Fur .

w g kg d l To hf ut- ul mu ah -
j id ee n .
ex T oh

fut, p

a W
r e s e n t, o
C
M
ffe r uj hi d
i ng
n HE a ee ,

pl ural

obl i qu Of any e Muj h i d ti v p ti i pl f ale a ,

ac e ar c e o , J ah a d ,

uad i l tr l i n ni ti v ; h
e e ra f ugh t g i n t
e in d l e o a a s e s, ho ly
q
w f ar ar e D H b l t i n hi
.

B ibl i th equ O i nt l
er e o , s o e r e a e,

gi v es

a l i t f n l th n i x ty A b i c n d P i n w
s o o ess a s -
ve ra a er s a or k t s o

w h i h th t i tl
c f T hfut i p x d
e e o o s re e .
 A U T H O RE P R E FAC E .

more
'

5t h e r
, I h ave s h e wn i n th i s w o rk th e g re at ,

re w a rd th a t s h a ll a w a i t t h o s e w h o s ha ll e n a g e i n
g
h o s t il i ti e s a g a i ns t i n d e l s lik e t he s e h a v i ng a dd e d
a ls o, a n e x h o rta t i o n to th at a c t o f re ligi o u s du ty ,

a nd w h ic h h a s b e e n c h i e y ta k e n fro m t h e s a c re d

w ri ti ngs .

In th e Toh fut U l muj a h id e e n a ls o will b e fo u nd

- -

s o m e a cc o u n t o f th e cus to ms t h at dis t i ngui s h th e

P a g ans o f M a l ab ar And I h a v e c o mpil e d t his

.

h i sto r y as a n o ffe ri n g for th e gra ci o us a cc e p tance

o f th e m o s t gl o r i o us o f sul ta n s a nd t h e m o s t be
,
~

ne c e nt o f m on a rc h s w h o h a s m a d e w a r a a i ns t
, g
i n d el s t h e c h i e f ac t o f h is life h a vi n g h ims e l f
,

gl o ri e d Go d a nd m ad e h is nam e to b e u p h e ld wi th
,

re v e re nc e by a ll
; h a vi ng e v e r d e v o te d h ims e lf to
t he s e rvic e and p ro te ct i o n o f th e s e rv a n ts o f Go d ,

a nd e x e rte d h ims e lf wi th p ra is e w o r th y z e a l i n d e

s troyi n g his e ne mi e s givi ng an im ati o n to th e d i

,

v i ne fa i th ,
a nd e x ti rp a t i ng a l l w h o w o uld d iss e

mi nate h e re s y i n t he k i ngd o ms o f God O ne w ho ;

is th e u nifo rm c he ris h e r o f th e l e arne d a nd t he

good a nd th e rm p ro te c to r o f t he p o o r a nd d e s ti
,

t u te : a p ri nc e o v e rruli ng th e d e s t i ni e s a nd fa te s

;o f th e p o w e rful a t a ll t i m e s a nd s e a s ons ; w ho ,

no twi th s ta ndi ng hi s y o u th h a s arriv e d a t t h e h ig h e s t

dig ni ti e s a nd no twi th s tan d ing th e m a c hi nati ons

,

o f h is e ne mi e s , to t he m o s t p e rm a ne n t h o no u rs ;

C 2
10 A U T H O R S P R E FA C E

.

w hos e wh ol e natu re is c o mp o s e d o f ge ne ro si ty a nd
vi rtu e th e fa m e o f w h o s e vi rtu e s h as di ffus e d its
Od o u r th ro ugh o u t th e w orld : w h os e sw a y sup e r
s e d e s tha t o f a l l o th e r m ona rc h s th e ki ngs o f Ara
,

b ia a nd P e rsi a dwi ndli ng i nto i ns i gni c a nce w h e n

c o mp are d to h im ; the g old e n s how e r o f w h os e
g e ne ro si ty d e sc e nds U p o n th e l earne d of dis ta nt
l ands ; a m ona rc h o f gre a t h um an i ty w hos e c l e ,

m e ncy s urp a s s e s t ha t o f a l l w h o h av e gone b e fore

h i m ; vic tori o u s i n a rms i nvi ncibl e re e c t i ng
, ,

spl e nd o u r U p o n t he d e e ds o f fo rm e r d ays ; o ne
w h o s e e xpl o i t s fo rm t he the m e o f a ss e mbli e s a nd
t he to pi c o f g re a t ci t i e s w h o s e a c t s o f lib e ra li ty
,

a re e mbl a z o ne d fo rth t h ro ugh o u t t h e l a nd w ho ,

s tre nu o usly h as l ab o u re d to d e s trov in d e l i ty a nd

to roo t o ut idl e ne ss ; wi th al a rm m a i nta i ne r o f

,

j us tic e a nd m e rcy Op e ni ng th e p a lm o f b e ne vo l e nc e
,

a nd fa vo u r t h e migh ty a n d g ra ci o us m o na rc h
,

t h e S ul ta n A l e e a dil S h a h !
-
May Go d e x a l t ,

by m e ans o f h is p e rfe c ti o ns the c omm a nds o f

,

H is re ligi on a nd e s tablis h th e m ! May he us e

,

h i m a s H is i ns trum e nt fo r th e d e s tr uc ti o n o f a l l
th a t a re re b e lli o u s a nd wick e d a nd give h im t h e
,

vic tory o ve r a ll w h o are h is e ne mi e s ; e x te ndi ng

h is d o mi ni o n th ro ugh o u t th e u n iv e rs e fro m th e ,

e a s t t o th e w e s t ,
a nd g ra nt i ng to h i m t h e s ov e

re i n t w h t h r by l a nd or by s e a w h th i
g y e e e, e r n
 A U T H O R S P R E FA C E

. l l

P e rsi a or i n A rabia . Th e Im a m to
w h o s e vi rt uo us
*
qu a li ti e s K h a fe e K h an h as giv e n h is te s tim o ny ;
i n w h o s e s e rvic e th e p o w e rful willi ngly e nli s t
th e ms e lv e s p e rc e ivi ng h is i nna te e s t im at i o n fo r
,

me n o f vi rtu e a nd p ro bi ty and t h a t o n a cc o u nt o f, ,

t h e i r Obs e rvan c e o f t he l a w h e b e s to wi ng U p o n ,

t h e m b o th dig n i t i e s a nd h o no u r May Go d m o s t .
,

h ig h e v e r p e rp e tuate th ro ug ho u t t h e w orld his

,

g ra c e s a nd i nte g ri ty by p ro l ongi ng his l ife a nd

, ,

by g ra nti ng m anki n d to e nj oy th e b e ne t o f the i r

e x e rcis e th ro ug h t h e bl e ssi ng o f M a h o m e d a nd his
,

p o s te ri ty ! To c o nclud e the w o rk i s divid e d i nto

,

fou r c ha p te rs Th e rs t tre a ti ng o f c e rta i n divi ne

.
,

c o mm ands w he re i n w ar a ga i ns t i n d e l s i s e n
,

j o i ne d a nd a ls o o f th e fu tu re re w ard th a t aw a i ts
,

t ho s e w ho s h a ll e ng a ge i n i t b e i ng d e sig ne d a s a n ,

e x h o rta t i o n to a rms i n this c a us e Th e s e c o nd o f ,

t he e arly p ro mulg a t i o n o f Isl a mis m i n th e c o u n

t ri e s o f M a l a b a r Th e th i rd o f th e m o s t si ng ul a r
.
,

o f t h e c us to ms o f t h e P a g a ns o f M al aba r T he .

fo u rth o f the a rriv a l o f th e F ranks i n t h e c o u ntri e s

,

o f M a l a b a r ; r e l a t i n g a ls o c e rta i n o f th e i r d e te s

ta bl e a c ts t he re And t h is c h a p te r is a g a i n d ivid e d
.

i nto s e c ti o ns The rs t o f th e s e givi ng a n acc o u nt

o f th e e arli e s t a pp e a ra nc e o f the F ra nks i n M a l a

b ar a nd o f th e h o s tili ty th a t a ro s e b e tw e e n th e m
,

Wr i te r o f a vl o u m i nou s h i s tor yi n th e P i n l ng g
e rs a a ua e.
 A U TH O R S PREFAC E
'

12 .

a nd th e M osl e ms a nd th e S a m re e ; *
l
a so o f t he i r
c o ncili ati ng th e R aj ah s of K u s h e e r and K uz anga

l o o r, j; c t i ng forts a t th ose pl ac e s a nd a t
a nd e re

K o l um l a s tly o f t h e i r s e i zu re o f th e fort o f Goa

, .

T h e s e c o nd s e c ti o n c o nta i ns a narra tive o f c e rta i n

o f t h e i r i nfa m o us p ro c e e di ngs Th e thi rd a n a c .
,

c o u nt o f th e i r tre a ty wi th th e Z a m o ri n and o f th e i r ,

p ro c e e di ng to c ons truc t fort ic ati o ns a t C a lic ut .

T h e fo u rth re l a te s th e di ffe re n c e s t h a t s hortly a fte r

t oo k pl a c e b e tw e e n th e m a nd t h e Z a m ori n a nd ,

give s a n a cc ou nt o f t h e c a p tu re o f th e forts w h ic h

T hi s ch e if
ll d Z m i , S m i by E
w ho is ca e a o r n, or a o r n, ur o

p y v P l
,

p e an s
( t w i t h m
no h p i t h w F
uc i ro r e , o e e r, as ra ao no

Ob v ) w th R j h f C l i t A t th tim f th
s er es as e a a oiv l a cu . e e o e arr a

of th P t g e i I di h w
or u uese f th m t p w f l f
n n a e a s one o e os o er u o

th e
p i f hI l b
r n ce s h vi g o ly t d i t l g
a a ar , a n ear e n e re n o a ea ue

w i th t h A ab w h e h d t bl i h d t h m lv
r s, o t C lia t es a s e e se es a a cu ,

ag i t h i p w f l igh b th j h f C hi P mp
a ns s o er u ne o u r, e ra a o oc n, e ra

ad p il
a T im mp
, or l\I ff r tyl u h im Th t h i t
ar a, as a e us s es . a s o

i
r an , wh d i b i g th Z m i
en e s cr y f h im I
n ei a or n , sa s o : s re x n

p i mi I di l p h ib t
r s n
p t
ae c a r u s q ipp q m t i er e ur , a c o e ns , u e ue c ae e r

je t
us t R g p i ip m
rac u s
p i e m g es tr nc t e ac su e r or e a n o s cun , e

pti a r o m Z m is erm id one t Imp t a m pp l

or nu , es , era o r e a e

l t Th l i g p i f thi m
an .

e ru h (n di g t th
a s s on o s o nar c
-
a ccor n o e

P tg or u hi t i
ues e
) w v i Hi hi f
s o r an s v w as a ar ce . s c e re e n ue as

d i v d f m th t f f th M
er e ro e d h ra t t c g lyo e oo r s , a n e a rs ea er

d i d mm i l i t
e s re a co w i th t h P t g
e rc a n e r co ur s e e or u ue s e .

1 C hi oc n.
1 C g ran a no re .

Q il u on .
14 A U T H O R S P RE F A C E

.

b e tw e e n the Z am ori n a nd the F ranks ; gi vi ng an

a cc o u nt al s o o f t h e s a ili ng fo rth o f a ee t o f gra bs
, ,

( b e l o ngi n g t o t h a t c h i e f ) to a tta ck t h e
. m T h e

t h i rtee nth re l a te s t h e c a p tu re o f t h e fo rt of S h a

l e e at ; God h avi ng succ o u re d Isl amism a nd th e

M osl e ms and h a vi ng gl ori e d h is re ligi on for th e
,

s ak e o f M aho m e d a nd his p os te ri ty Fi na lly th e

. ,

fou rte e nth s e c t i on d e sc rib e s the po si ti on o f th e

a ffa i rs o f t he F ranks a fte r th e c a p tu re o f th is fo rt ,

th e i r e a rne s t d e si re a nd gre a t e fforts fo r the sub

v e rsi on o f the re ligi on o f Isl a mism a nd the r ui n o f

,

th e Mah ome d ans in th e c ou ntri e s of M al abar .

 TOHF UT UL -
M UJAHI DEEN .

C H AP . I .

R e9 a r di n9 ce rta i n di vi n e co mma n ds whe re i n w a r a a i ns t

i n de ls i s j
e n oi n e d . T re a ti ng , a ls o, o
f the re w a r d th a t

S ha ll a w a i t th a t a ct o f r e l ig i ou s d u ty , a nd bei ng des ig n ed
a s a n ewhor ta ti on to i t .

K N O W th e n th at ind e l s s h all b e re gard e d i n

,

t wo dis ti nc t p o i nt s o f vi e w And rs t th o s e w ho .

Th e s e ar e ch i e y x t e ra cte d f m th Kro e o ran . Th e a ut h or o f a

w or k p bl i h d t Vi
u s e a
g nd
e nn a nti tl d a b t fty y
ou e ars a o, a e e

D f ti Li g
e a sum O i nt l i um
n uar w h n p ki g f th
r e a , e s ea n o e

m t hl
a c tyl
ess s f th t x t e din y w k
o a A bi e m ra o r ar or a s an ra c co

p iti qu t th f ll w ing Op in i n f Si Will i m J n

os on, o es e o o o o r a o es

re g di g i t w i t t l nt
ar n s r F iter s t

qui q i Al n m
a e s : u ce r e , s u s co ra u

co nt ui t ex um d mi , b ili p
c dit i g ni t um uti im
a ra r ae us n e o, ac ss us

ti f x In n p i t p h p d i d

et d i ndi ce tp u d ndi
, e ers a e ar e . o o n , er a s,

M h m d v in th g i ty h
a o e e ce ll d d t m
e sa ac ere a u e o or e con

s
p i cu l o us
y t h n wh , h m a d i mm d i t dm
eni i n ient P a e e a e a ss o o ara

di th w d f th w h f ll ( h w uld h v p u d d
se e re ar o ose o e as e o a e e rs a e

t h m) i th d f
e n f th f i th
e H d h g
e e n ce o n f th th n
e a . a e one o ar er a

t hi s, nd t
a upp
, t h i i mp t u
o s h d n t h d
or s u t os re , a o a re co rse o

th e
16 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I DE EN .

are dwe lli ng p e a c e ably i n th e i r o w n c o u ntri e s and ,

a ga i ns t w h o m if o ne p e r so n on ly fro m a ny p a rty o f

M osl e ms S h a ll go forth to w ar th e d ivi ne c om ,

m and on th is subj e c t will h a ve b ee n su fci e ntly

o bs e rv e d a nd t h e re m a i nd e r o f h i s b re th re n are
" 5
,

no t c a ll e d up on t o p ro c e e d a g a i ns t th e m B ut .

s ho uld no one b e fou n d t hus to offe r h ims e lf a s th e

h o ly c h a mpi on o f h i s party th e n i t b e c om e s th e ,

du ty o f all to a rm S e c ondly : Th e c a s e o f i n .

th e p a ss a g es wh i ch h v b a e e en j tly d
us e s cr i be d as ad comm o

v e nd o s a ffe ct u s , ad a ur u i m d el e ctati on em , et vo l up ta te m

se n s u u m a cco mmod a tis si mum,

h e w ou ld ha v e e s ca pd e s u ch

ti t l e s as th o s e p il pt i p
o f a b
v ill i da s e, e e c e r so n, a a n, an a

vi i th
c o us , t m i

w h i h th
e g d J my T yl h
er s n c e oo ere a or as

so m wh t q i tly b t
e a t
ua n j tly d i b d him It h s
,
u no un u s , e s cr e . a

b l v ly Ob
ee n c e v d by m d w it ( C l t ) th t
er se r e a o er n r er o on , a no ne

kn w h w t d w l g b ill
e o o f t i ty th t v w i ll b
ra on s on u ur a ne er e

h on oure d b tt th Mhmd H p
, e er d h i m lf y
an a o e . e osses se se , sa s

h Ofe, l g t k f l dp
a ar e s oc t pl o d p w rea an r e s en e as ur e an o er

h by p mi i g v i i y q tum f th g d th i g
er e , ro s n a s on ar u an o ose oo n s

to hi f ll w e
s ho ft nd l ik th m k f
o rs e re a lm k e r, a e e a er o an a ana c ,

m d hi f t
a e i th i w ld by t lli g l i
s or un e n b t th s or e n es a ou an o er .

I th p nt i l th l gy f th M h m d
e r ac ca h ly d ti
eo o o e a o e an s , o u es

i d d f tw k i d ; th t b i g
'

an d l ig i u
re t o s a c s ar e c o n s e re o o n s e rs e n

s t yl d e th d wa ) Th p f m
e s e co n f s e er o r a n ce o

th f m (
e or er accor
i
di g t th J l lj o ) m y b d p t d t
f n o e

g a e e u e o

a no th i t e r, b ti t t ; b ut th d ti d d by th l tt
. e . o a su s u e e u es e ne e a er

e xp i dmi t f
re s s o n h t
a f t p f m th m b ing
o n o s uc r an s er, o e r or e e

i mp ti v nd indi p n bl
e ra e a p n v ry t u b l i v
s e sa e U o e e r e e e er .
 T O HF U T - U L - M UJ A H1 D E EN . 17

d e ls w h o s h a ll i nv ad e th e te rri tor i e s o f th e M OS
l e ms a s is now the c a s e i n the c onte s t in w h ic h w e
,

a re e ng a g e d No w to a tta ck t h e s e b e c om e s a n ,

a c t o f p ara m o u nt du ty fo r e v e ry pi o us Ma h ome d a n ,

and for a l l w h o w ould s upp ort t h e i r re ligi on ,

w h e the r b o n d or fre e m a l e or fe m al e of the ci ty , ,

o r o f t h e pl a i n wi th o u t b e i ng d e p e nd ant o n o r
,

guid e d b y th e c o ns e nt o r re fu s al of m a s te r h us ,

b a nd fathe r o r c re d i tor o r o f any o th e r p e rs o n

, , ,

to w h o m h e or s h e migh t i n o th e r m at te rs o w e

o b e di e n c e ; S i n c e to e n g ag e i n th is w arfa re is i m

rati ve on e v e ry p e rs o n w h h r wi th i n t h re e
p e e t e T ,

d ays j o u rne y o f the p o si ti on o f the i nde l s or
b e y o nd th at dis tanc e ; s h ould th e forc e s o f the
fa i th ful no t b e su f ci e n tly s trong to a dmi t o f th e i r

s e rvic e s b e i ng disp e n s e d w i th T It is th e du ty o f .

it
Th e r i gh t of th e P or t u g ues e ll d d t ) t
( w ho a re h e re a u e o o

s e tt e l in Ml b a a ar, s ee ms n t v
o y i t tly q ti d by
er co n s s e n ue s one

t he S heikh as hi s an c e s tors m th v us q i d th i f t i g i
a e ac u re e r oo n n

th a t p
I ndi by th art n of n a e m ki d f i nv i
sa e th t f o as o as a o

w hi h h h c m pl i n e e r e co a s.

TTh A b i c w d e in th l gi l n
ra or a eo o ca se s e, i mpl i es

u u lly
s a t i n x mp t i n f m p y
, a cer aIt l e e o ro .
ra er. a so me an s , an

i nte v nti n f th d y j u n y
r e o o re e a s

o r e .

In th e dy a s of P ph t p n t u l
th e ro e , su er a ra ai d s u ppl i d e an
y

di y i
e c enc n th e num b f M h m d f ll
er o a o e

s o o w ers , for i n h i s

i gh th h p t
e c a er , or th e Su rah of th e K oran, yl d j li lil
st e

A l Infal -

or

s p ilo s, he wou ld p er s ua d hi s m d
e co ra es

th at
 18 T O H F U T - U L- M UJAH I DEE N .

h i m w ho l e ad e r in th is holy w ar to ta k e
is the

c o u ns e l and c onc e rt m e asu re s wi th his c omp a

,

n i o ns re ga rdi ng t h e m anne r i n w h ic h h o s tili ti e s

,

s h o uld b e c arri e d on s e tti ng in ord e r th e i r ranks ,

a nd s h ould any plu nd e r fall i nto th e i r h ands

, ,

rs t c ausi ng i t to b e c oll e c te d i nto one pl a c e a nd ,

a fte rwards dis tr ibu t i ng i t givi ng th e e ffe c ts o f th e ,

sl a i n to th ose by w hos e swo rds th e y fe l l And .

,

re g a rdi ng th is subj e c t o f th e divisi o n o f b oo ty

*
,

th a t t h e y ow e d th e i vir ct or y at B e dr t o a th o u san d gl an e s

wh i ch w e re s e nt by G o d t o hi s i
a s s s ta n ce .
UM 5)
m Qg ljs iu li d d
d
o J D
g 4 )
(
Wh e n y i e e s re

s u cc o ur f
ro m y o ur God an d he an sw e r e d you : S tir ely
Iw ill as s s t i y ou w th i a th ousan d an gl e s .

A b ulf d e a al s o ,

i n hi s a cco unt y mQM b

of th e Alli
b ttl f B d
a e o e r, sa s

A d G d un u o st by hicco gl
re d hi p ph
Wh i l t s ro e s an e s .

s

J ll l d ( th g t mm t t ) w ld h v i t th t th
e a o e en e r ea co e n a or ou a e , a ese

{5 n
an g l f gh t m t d
e s

ou p i b ld
,
h o un e l c
l on e- a or s e s
"

O th M h m d d t h v g tly m g i d th i am
er a o e an o c or s a e r ea a n e e r n

h f
e r, w i th
or m Ggi y L g pl
so e, as m a n er sa s, on e u re s e nu e

g l i p l i D vit M h m

r antu r ili
an t i
e n h a ux a ore s oe re o. e a o a

m die p
s, x ca . xv rr n . .

M h m d ft g i in g hi t v i t y t B d ( whi h
a o e ,
a er a n s rs c or a e r, c

A b ulf d e ll i r g i 32 5
a ca th s g t b ttl f M
k ; or e r ea e r a e, or a

h m d f gh t t w b ttl
o e ou t t h t pl ) m d th p i v i l g
o a es a a a ce , as s u e e r e e

of d i v i di g th p i ln d m ll i
e s n t w h i
o hs, v t th 8 t h
an a us o o c e en e

h p te f th K p i l
c a r o n h it n m e f
Jib !
ora ) t h as s a e o or e s o s.

T h di p t w
e s u edi ng t J ll l d b tw n th l d m
as , a ccor o e a o e e n, e ee e o en

w h h d n t f ugh t b ut
o a o m in d by th t nd d
o nd t h re a e e s a ar s, a e

y ung o
 T O HF U T -U L- M UJA H I D E EN . 19

w h ate ve r s h all h ave b e e n th e p e rs o na l p ro pe rt y of

t he i nd e l ( fo r i ns ta nc e his cl o th e s b oots wais t , , ,

b e l t pu rs e o f m o ne y o r any c a sh or p orti on o f
, ,

h i s p a y o r ri ngs of silv e r or g old t h a t s h all b e

,

fo u nd o n h is p e rs o n wi th h is w e ap ons and h ors e , ,

a nd s a ddl e a nd b ridl e ) o f al l th e s e the c h i e f s h all ,

m a k e an e qu al divi si o n i nto ve sh are s O f the se .

y o un g m n w h h d Th l n d G g i i

e o n t a t hi . e e ar e a n e r, n a o e o s

tran s a l ti n f A b lf d l i f f M h m d w h
o o up ki g e a s

e o a o e , en s ea n

o f th i t ti b t th b ty y
s c on e n Q
on a i i t ou e oo , sa s, ua oc ca s o ne n er

M l m m g os e j g i t nt t i n
os a t nat d t ur a e co en o es o r a: s un , a eO u

ti m d v b
e a a t m t A l h wv Mhmd
er era v e n u es .

s u s ua ,
o e er, a o e

m d h i f ll w
a e sff f th i
o od l i ty i er s thi psu er or e r cr e u , s n ce o n s re

t
e n ce o f hi h vi g i v d di v i
s mm i i n t d i t i b t
a n r e ce e a n e co ss o o s r u e

a ll pl d h h tly ft i hi xp d i ti t Al N d i
un er , e s or a e r, n s e e on o - a r,

w as pl d t i g th wh l b ty t h i m lf Wh
e as e o as s n e o e oo o se . en

d i v i d i g th p i l t B d h w
n e t
s t d w i th
o sfth a e r e as co n e n e a

wf
i g
(
b i ll g a j
uw s s ai a
u
n
wr xs u ir ni,
M lU i
Ji
u
u l k w y th t w h
L

a s ) .
F or no e, a en

v y h ll bt i
s oe er
y t h
e i ng i
s n pl a d ft
o h p t a n an un e r, a ar

th f h ll b t i d f th L d nd Hi p ph t
e r eo s a e se as e or e or a s ro e ,

d f t h k i d d f th p p h t nd f ph nd th
'

an or e n re o e ro e , a o r or an s a e

p nd f t
oo r, a v ll A d i g t A l B id w i h w v
or ra e ers . ccor n o -
e a ,
o e e r,

M h m d b id th fth m g d t pp p i t th i
a o e , es es e se s, an a e o a ro r a e on s

i l t p t f v y i h m t i l d m d f ilk
o cca s o n a s car e car e o er r c a e r a s an a e o s .

In ll i t
a th us o n
p i i f hi t o p g din g thi p i
e SU S c ons o s r oo s re ar s e ce

of g y f h i h th i k i t n
ro uer o yt s, th m i h i
e n s e ce s sar o as s ur e e n s

3d h pt (
c S a h er th t orp p h t ul d n t b gui l t y
oo ra a a ro e co o e

of y t
an f p l ti ac o e cu a on .
 20 T O H F U T -U L- M U J A HI O EE N

s hare s one b e i ng a ga i n divid e d by h i m i nto ve

,

ort i on s A nd o f th e s e p orti ons o ne s ha ll be s e t

p .
,

a sid e for th e ge ne ra l g oo d o f th e M o sl e ms to b e ,

a pp ro p ri ate d i n t h e re p a i ri ng o f b re a c h e s t he ,

buildi ng of fortica ti on s a nd b ridge s the ra isi ng o f ,

m osqu e s a nd for d e frayin g the s al ari e s o f C az e e s

,

a nd Im a m s A noth e r s h al l b e give n to th e d e
.

s ce nd an ts o f th e P ro p h e t ( up on w h o m b e th e bl e ss

i ng a nd p e a c e o f G o d l) t h
o t e d e sc e nd a n t s "
of ,
6

H ash um and th e d e sc e nd ants o f M otall e b One .

orti o n s h a ll b e dis t ribu te d a m ongs t th ose w ho

p
a re orp h a n s a nd o n e a m ongs t th e p oor a nd d e s
,

t i tute i n w h o s e n umb e r t h e fak e e rs s h a ll b e

,

i ncl u d e d T h e fth p orti on s h a ll go to t ra v e l

.

l e rs T And t he fo u r s h are s ou t o f fi v e th a t re m a i n
.

Th e rs t of th e s e w a s t h e g t l re a un c e of M ah o me d , th e

se co nd his g ran df th
a Mer . A b lf d b g i
u e a e ns h is li f e of a

h m d i th
o e w d n M ? U all ) A All) Jr ) f l
ese or s : M " :
t

T h f th e f t h P ph t f G d (
a er o w h m h t h di v i
e ro e o o on o e e ne

bl i g d p ) w A bd ll h th
ess n an f A bd l M t
e ace as u a , e s on o u -
o

t l b M S l h w v i h i p l im i y di

a e . r . a e, t o e er, n s re n ar s co ur s e o

hi v s i f th K
e r s on h o v d th m tt m k i g
e o r an, as re ers e e a er, a n

H h m t h g df th
as u d M t ll b th g
e ran t l fM
a er , a n o a e e rea unc e o a

h m d whi h m t b
o e ,
tt i b t d t c m i dv t us mi
e a r u e o so e na e r e n ce o r s

t k th p t f th p i t f h i ( M S l ) l mi

a e on e ar o e r n e r, or s r . a e s u nou s

ill t t i
us ra f th t w kon s o d i ti m t q i t a w i th th
or , an n a e ac ua n a n ce e

w k f th mm t t m k i t v y i mp b bl th t i t
or s o e co e n a ors , a e er ro a e a

O i g i t d w i th hi m
r na e .

1 T h i i d i g t t
sh p i ni n f Al Sh f
s a cco r Tnh M o e o o o - a ee . e a

h o me d an
22 T O H F U T- U L - M UJ A H I D E EN

i ng to the x te nt of h is m e ans ; b e i ng assis te d i n

e

th is w arfare by th a t fri e n d of the Ma h o me d ans th e

Z am orin } and b e i ng e nabl e d to c arry o n h o s ti

l itie s a ga i ns t th e m by h is dis tribu t i o n to t h e m ,

o f m one y a nd o f w a rlik e e quipm e nt s g e ne ra lly ;

th is w a rfare h av i ng b e e n e arly c o mm e nc e d up o n

by th e Mah ome d a ns and h avi ng b e e n p e rs e v e re d ,

m by th e m u ntil th e i r own c ondi ti on i n M al ab ar

,

h a d b e c o m e gre atly re duc e d i n c ons e qu e nc e of ,

th e i nte rru p ti on to th e i r t ra d e a nd t h e s ac ric e o f

l ife a nd d e v as tat i on o f p rop e rty to w h ic h the y h ad , ,

i n c o ns e qu e nc e o f suc h a c o u rs e subj e c te d the m ,

s e lve s Ind e e d by t h e i r re s olu te a dh e re nc e to it

.
, ,

Th e Z a i
m o r n may b e co n s id e re d to ha v b e e en t h e sa m e

in v e te r a t e foe t o th e P o rt u g ue s e t h a t Ti p p oo w as to th e E gli h ;
n s

F rom M a ffe us m w e l e arn t h a t th e M ah o m e d an s s u c ce e ddi e n

e x i ti g
c n s usp c o n ii d g d i g th hi n t h e Z a mo r i n

s min re ar n e o

j t
ec s of D G m v i it e v w hi h a i
a s
p
'

d i t s e e n, c s oo n r ene n o an

en m i ty t w d hi m o d hi ar t ym s th t m k d l l th an s co u n r e n, a ar e a e

su b q nt ti
s ue f hi l i facd m d h imon s v o dy t s e, an a e e er rea o

i t th tt k f th M h m d
as s s e a ac
p th m
s o w h i l t Ti pe a o e an s u on e s

p i t i w ll kn w
oo , s l w y g d d h im lf th Ch m
e o n, a a s re ar e se as e a

p i f th f i th i S th I di ft b ti g th t h
on o e a n ou ern n a, o en o as n a e

w ould d i v t th
r E gl i h w h (
e ou di g t S i e n s ca rs , o a cc o r n o r

Th m o M ) w l d by h im w ith d g d h g
as un ro ere c as s e o s an o s,

an d vi w d e ll b th e fas a d th m f m i ly ro ers o o n e an e sa e a .

i Ac p im m v r u , ar n s c ri minati oni b u s ac mal e di cti s Ga m ,

s mam a p ud R g m e e co ns e n s u
p ro s cindunt .

Lib i p . . . 27 .
 T O H F U T -U L - M U J A H I D E E N 23
'

the i r nec e ssi ti e s b e c o m i ng e ve ry d ay m ore u rge nt ,

s o th a t s h ortly th e y h a d a rrive d a t t h e l as t s tag e o f

p ove rt y and d e c ay and wre tc h e d ne ss N or i n

, , .

th is th e i r dis tre ss did th e ne ighb ou ri n g Mah o me d an

p ri nc e s or th e i r e mi rs e vi nc e any c o mmis e rati on

, ,

rth e l e ss ma G
to w ards th e m ( n e
, v e y o d b l e ss a ll

th o s e w ho s h all afford th e m succ ou r a l th oug h to

e ng age i n th is s a c re d w a rfare w a s i ncumb e nt up on

th e m N ow ; th e refore w ho e v e r poss e ss e d of p ow e r
.
,

o r s ove re ig nty s h a ll aris e i n t hei r d e fe nc e him ,

God mos t h ig h sh all c a us e to b e vic tori o us in th is

'

warfare wi th the s e in d el s ; for h e w h o sh al l

c h e er fri l l e xp e nd h is We a l th not wi th h oldi n g i t
' '

y ,

i n th is s ac re d c ause b il t affo rdi ng i t w h e re re

q ui re d i n o rd e r s uc ce ssfully to attack the e ne my

,

an d d rive th e m fo rt h fro m t h e kin gdom o f M al a

'
'

b ar ; a nd wh o fu rth er s h all re scu e o ut o f th e i r

, ,

h ands the p orts o f wh ic h th e y h av e ob ta i ne d p os

s e ssi on and h a ve b ro ught u nd e r subj e c ti o n to the m ;
,

h e w ho s h all d o t h i s sh a ll b e c all e d righ te o us

:

a nd bl e ss e d ; a s by th e D ivi ne bl e ssi n g h e s h a ll
,

h a ve pe rfo rme d that w h ic h i t Wa s h i s du ty to d o ,

h a vi ng a ll e vi a te d th e w o u nds o f h i s b roth e r i n dis

t re ss a nd e nti tl e d h ims e lf to a re w ard gl ori ous
, , ,

b eyond w h at can be c onc e ive d ; and o f a re com

p e ns e wh ic h i n i ts b e s tow a l s h a ll c a ll forth p rais e
, ,

fro m th e p e opl e of th e E as t a nd We s t suc h a s i t

sh all not b e in the i r pow e r to g ive e xp re ssi on to .

D
24 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E E N .

Fu rth e rm ore this p e rs on s h a ll b e b el ov e d by and

,

a cc e p te d o f Go d a nd h i s a ng e ls a nd th e p ro p h e t s
,

a nd s a i nts ; and for h is p ro sp e r i ty t he p ray e rs

o f th e righ te o us a m o ngs t th e s e rv ant s o f Go d S h a ll

a v a il a nd th e bl e ssi ngs o f th e p o o r a nd th o s e w h o
,

a re fri e ndl e ss a nd i n dis tre ss B e h old the n h o w

.
, ,

gre a t is the re w ard o f the re ligi o us mili tant a nd of ,

h i m w h o s h all e xp e n d his w e al th i n th is th e ,

c aus e of God and w ho s h a ll re li e ve the dis tre sse s

.
,

o f th e p o o r a nd t ho s e i n zmi s e r V e r ily s a id th e
y .
,

Pro p h e t ( o n hi m ma y th e bl e ssi ng a nd p e a c e o f
Go d for e v e r re s t l) W ho e v e r s ha ll d e l ive r a b e
,

li e v e r fro m any o ne of the c a l ami ti e s i ncid e ntal

to th is life h i m will God i n t u rn d e live r fro m
,

s ome one o f th e te rrors th at S h all atte nd th e day

o f re su rre c t i on N ow th is is a tradi ti on o f
.

goo d au th ori ty a m ongs t the fa i th ful If th e re fore .

; ,

suc h a re c omp e ns e s ha ll awa i t him w ho s h all d e

l ive r a b e li e v e r fro m a ny w o rldly c a l ami ty h ow ,

e v e r sm a ll ,
h o w m u c h g re a te r s h a ll b e th e fu tu re
re w a rd o f h i m w h o s h a ll d e liv e r m a ny w h o a re

w re tc h e d and forl orn fro m gre a t a nd n um e rous

su ffe ri ngs by gh ti ng for th e m o ut o f pi e ty to
, ,

w ds od Truly th e re c omp e ns e to th is man

a r G ? -

c a n b e co m p ute d b y God a l o ne w o s e na m e b e
( h
'

for e v e r p ra is e d l ) For th e Lord m o s t h igh h as

.

dis ti nguis he d th e mili tant aga i ns t i nd e li ty and ,

t h o s e w ho s e t fre e th e fri e ndl e s s and i n a fflic tion ,

 T O H F U T - U L- M UJA H I DEEN . 25

i n t ha t h e h a t h W h e re fore is i t that y e
s a id ,
*

d o no t gh t for the tru e re ligi on o f God a nd i n ,

d e fe nc e o f th os e a m o ng y e w h o are w e ak a nd ,

for y ou r w o m e n a nd c h ild re n ? B e sid e s th is
s ayi ng a ls o the re e xis t m any o th e rs and a ls o
, ,

t radi t i on s wi th o u t n umb e r al l s h owi ng forth ,

th e m e ri t o f th is h o ly warfa re a nd o f e nga gi ng

t h e re i n a nd o f e xp endi n g w e a l th i n re sis tan c e t o

,

in d e l s ; a ls o re gardi ng th e bl e ssi ngs th at a tte nd

m arty rd om V e rily th e Lord A lmigh ty and a ll
.
,

H all ow e d h ath s aid T It h as b e e n wri tte n that

, , ,

w ar a ga i ns t i n d e l s is i ncumb e nt o n y ou ne v e r
t he l e s s y e a re a v e rs e to e ng age i n i t
'

Ta k e .

c are h ow e ve r th at h e re i n y e d o no t re fus e th at
, ,

w h ic h is p ro tabl e for y ou and p e rc h anc e d e ,

K o r an , S oor a h i
al - n s a, or c p
h a te r th e 4 th , e nt i tl d
e

Wome n f m i t s h a fring f ch e i y t th e i r tr e atme nt

,
ro r e ere n ce o

and co n cern s . A ccor di g n to Al -B e i da w i ( one of th e mo s t

l i
um no u s o f all th e co mme n ta t ors u p n th K ) M h m d
o e oran , a o e

h er e i nt nd
e s to ce n s ur e th o s e f h i f ll w
o swh h d
o m i do e rs o a re a ne

b h in d i M
e whn th e cca, e re e K i h h d d t i d th m ft
o re s a e a ne e , a er

th P e ph t i ght t M din
ro e

s o e a.

1 K o r an, S o or a h
1
1 1 ) al - b uk u r, or p t 2d ti tl d
ch a er , en e

Th e Co w,

s o ca ll d fe ro m an un m e an i g t y th t M h m d
n s or a a o e

h as i nt du d i nt
ro ce o i t, re g di g
ar n t h e re d h if w hi h M
e er c os e s

or d d
e re th e J ews to s a cr i i ce n th e p f El z
re s e n ce oth e a ar e

pi r est . Vi d e N um b ers, X IX ch a pt 2d nd f ll w i g
er, a o o n

v e r se s .
 26 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E E N .

si re th at w hi ch s h al l inj ure you for th e Lord i s

'

'

o m n i s ci ent w h ils t yo ur u nd erstandi ng s are

, .

bli nd e d Fu rth e r h e s a id }
. S u re ly God
-
!

h as pu rc h a se d o f th e fa i th ful th e i r liv e s and p o s

s e s si o ns i n th at h e h as vo u c h s afe d u nto th e m
,
'

th e bl e ssi ngs o f p a radis e if th e y will gh t for

t h e c au s e of God ; and wh e the r th e y kill o th e rs

o r b e t h e mse lv e s sl a i n o f th is th e p romi se s a re ,
:

mad e su re to them ; b oth by th e g To urat T the

'

.
,

Inj e e l ; T and the K Oran : A nd w ho s h a ll b e ,

m ore fai th ful to his c ove nant th an God R ej o ic e '

e th e n i n th e c o ve n ant w h ic h h v m ad e
y , ,
y e : a e ,

fo r b y ii t s h all y e o b ta i n gre a t h a ppi ne ss An d
'

h e s a id ;! Th os e w h o e xp e nd th e i r w e a l th i n th e

K S oran , o or ah pt 9 th u
Q s! )

al - to u bb
a , or ch a er , e

t i tl de Rp t n e Ien a q f th i
ce . h pt

b i g th
n con s e ue n ce o s c a er e n e

on l y li i th K
on e n t w h i h th
e oran
( b i mi ll h ) I
o c e ) s - a a n
f
m f G d h t b n p x d th f ll w f th
"
th e na e o o , a s no ee re e , e o o ers o e

p ph t g d i t w i th m di t t A t th
ro e re ar so f th i e s r us . s o e c au s e o s

o mi i s s onth mm t t e co t g d m i m gini g i t
e n a ors ar e n o a re e , so e a n

n v e t h v b
er o i t d dt b
a e p t
e en h
n en h pt e o e a se ar a e s o or a or c a er,

b t th t i t b l g d t th p
u a e on di g e It i o ll d e re ce n one . s ca e te

p t
en an ce, i q nn f it
con s e m m i g w
ue i th d ce l o s co enc n a ec ara

ti on o f i mm i ti M S l t
un l t it
es, as r. a e r an s a e s .

1 Th P t t h e b k fM
e n a e uc , or ve oo s o os e s.

j: Th N w T
e t m e t f L d es a d S v ien J o o ur or an a o ur e s us

Ch i t r s .

! K n
ora S h
I
,d ) l
oora b uk , th n d h p t a -
ur or e s e co c a er,

nt i tl d e e
 T O HF UT U L - -
M UJA H I DEEN .

27

c ause o f God a nd to a dv anc e h is re ligi on may

{ ,

b e c o mp are d to a grai n of c orn; w h ic h p ro duc e s

s e v e n e ars a nd in e ach of w h ic h a re a :hund re d
,

g ra i ns ; for God give th i nc re as e w h e re h e w ill ;

a nd IS al l b o u nte o us and all wis e A nd he


- -
.

C onsid e r n ot th o s e w h o h a v e b e e n sl a i n

i n th e c aus e o f Go d a s d e ad b Ut rath e r a s y e t
'

.
, .

a live i n t h e p re s e nc e o f t h e i r Go d b e i ng ll e d ,

wi th j oy for that of w h ic h by the gra c e Of , , :

God th e y lh ave b e e n th o ugh t w orthy rej o ici ng

(
,
,

fo r the s a k e o f thos e w h o
. no t h i ,

th erto arri v ed Wh e re th e y th e ms e lv e s are s e e i ng ,

th a t b oth fe ar and gr i e f are far from th e m . A nd

. .

it is re l ate d i n th e S oheih o f B ukh a re e and Mos

'

nt i tl d Th C ow . Th is is th e me ch a pt f m wh i ch

e e e sa er ro

th S h i kh qu t
e e o es in a p re ce di g p g n a e .

K oran, S oo r ah
u
l
j
Im n ra ,
or ch a
pt er th e th i d;
r a

q f m th i
u ot a t on i p i ro ut h p f In s ch a t e r o c curs n o ur a or s

re a ce .

i t M h m d i gu i l ty f th t nt bl
a o e pi f f g y
s d o a o a e e ce o or er an

f l h d wh h t ll h i f ll w th t J Ch i t w '

a se oo , er e e e s s o o er s a e s us r s as

t k a up t
en h v n h tly b f h w
in o t h v ff
ea d e s or e o re e as o a e su ere

d th d th at th p
ea , an p w h m G d t mp d th an o er e rs on, u on o o s a e e

lik n f J u w
e ess o i z d nd U i d i h i St d Thi
es s, as s e e a cr c e n s ea . s

bl ph m t y M S l i gi n t th
'

as e O id t
o u s s or w it
.
. r. a e c ns ers o o e s or o e

a p yp h l g p l tt ib t d t S t B b , i w h i h f g y
o cr a os e a r u e o .
'
ar na as

n c or er

J d I i t i th p n m d t ffe in th e mbl n f
u as s car o s e e rs o a e o su r se a ce o

h i bl s dm t esse as e r .
28 T O H F U T- U L- M UJ A H I D EEN .

s el li m ,
u thori ty o f A bu Hore iraT ( o f

U p on th e a -

w h o m may God a pp rov e l ) th a t i t wa s onc e a sk e d ,

th e P ro p h e t ( up on w h o m may th e bl e ssi ng a nd

p e a c e o f Go d fo r e v e r re s t ! ) w h at ac t w as of al l
t he m o s t m e ri tori o us : h e a ns w e re d T fai th i n ,

Go d a nd i n h is p rop he t ; a fte r th is
, a dd e d ,

he gh ti ng i n th e c a us e o f re ligi on a nd th e n
9

, ,

p i lgri m age to M e cc a M ore ove r the s am e a u

O l

th o rs up on th e s ame a uth ority h av e w ri tte n th at

'

, , ,

t h e P rop h e t ( u p on w h o m b e th e bl e ssi ng and p e ac e

o f Go d d e clare d Th e Lord h as m a d e i t i ncum ,

b e nt up on hi m w h o goe s forth i n h is c aus e th at ,

h e Sh o ul d d o S O wi th rm trus t i n h i m and wi th ,

fa i th in his p rOp h e t; If h e s h a ll re tu rn i n s a fe ty
h e s h all b e re w a rd e d by th e plu nd e r w h ic h h e

A uth yw k ors o f t w o tr a i t d i o n ar or s .

TO f th it fMh md
ne o e as s o c a e s o a o e .

I I l mi m th M h m d n
s a li gi m y b
s , or id d
e a o e a re o n, a e co n s ere

as di vi d d i t t w di t i t p t Th t wh rl I m f i th
e n o o s nc ar s . e rs
o
an, a ,

or th y Th eo r d up D . li gi p t i e s e co nB th , ee n, re ous rac ce . o

th t n
es e re s f dm tlp i t o l ti g t I m
ve un a en a o n s o ne r e a n o a n,
"

or f i th th th f t D
a l i gi p ti
e o er Th
o ur o e e n,

or re ou s rac ce . e

t i th M u l m
rs s f m l air )
e ll) Xi All 3
s su an s

or u a . A

L I l h ill I ll h

a M h m d R l ih
a u Th a i , gu d a o e us o o oo . er e s no o

b t th
u G d d M h m d i hi p p h t Th th
"
e o ne o an a o e s s ro e e o er s
, .

a re 1 L T
i
D Q) d P y d
or bl ti 2 d -" c ra e r an a u on s . .

aim 3d s
r
f ti g 4 H j i l i m g
as n
E t a or
.
p g r a e o
. . . .
,

hIe cca .
30 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E EN .

musk Anas T more o v e r h as re l ate d th a t th e

.

Pro p h e t ( on hi m b e p ea c e d e cl are d A l though ,

to gh t i n t h e c aus e o f God is a se rvic e o f m orta l

d ange r y e t o f a l l thi ngs in the wo rld i t is th e

,

b e s t w h ic h a man c an p e rform and sh a ll afford ,

th e m o s t s atisfa c t i on Fu rth er said h e the .

, ,

P rop he t ( on h im b e p e a c e ! ) d e cl are d The re is no ,

o ne w h o h as fo u n d a dmissi o n i nto para dis e w ho ,

w o ul d d e sire to re tu rn aga i n into th e world ,

e xc e p t i t w e re tha t h e migh t nd th e gl or i ous

d eath of a m arty r ; for nothing c o uld b e an in

d uc e ment to hi m to l ea v e th e h a ppi ne ss of p a
ra dis e fo r thi s w orld u nl e ss h e c ould for te n ,

t im e s m ak e su rre nd er of h is life for God A l so .

J ab e rT ( God re s t s at is e d wi th him l) re l ate s , ,

t h at a ma n s a id to th e Prop h e t ( on hi m b e p e ac e ! )

o n t h e fa tal d a o f O b od O h o u P ro p h e t I
y ! t ,

disc e rn th at my d e ath d raws nigh wh e re s h all ,

In th e s e dg dy
y i t i f d th P ph t
a s of e e nera c , s ear e , e ro e

w ou ld m t wi th ee f i tly d v t d t pt m ty d m
n on e s u c en e o e o acc e ar r o

on t m er m g s sod b t ti l th
e a r e anth t h w ul d u ns u s a n a as es e , a e o

h er e p p t hi f ll w
ro o se m t b o g dd
s o o er s , us e re ar e .

T On e o f M ah omed

i
s as so c a te s .

1 Th i p
s er s on , i
w th a ll th ose w h os e name s f llo ow , w ere of

th e n um b er of M ah om e d s
i
as s oc ate s .

T o thi s b tt l M h
a e a o me d ma k f q es re u e nt a ll ius on i n th e
S o orah
u h or th e t h r i d h pte
c a r of th e K o ran : he l os t t wo

of hi s front te eth in i t . A ccor di ng to A b lf d u e a, th e for ces o f

 T O R EU T -
U L- M UJAH I DEEN . 31

my spi ri t b e He answe re d i n p ara dis e O n ,

.

h e ari ng th is th e w arr i or c as t fro m hi m th e d ate s

,

th a t w e re i n hi s h a nds and rus h i ng i nto the co n ,

ic t fo ugh t d e sp e rate ly u nti l he w as sl a i n

, A nd .

S ah a l B e n S aa d re l ate s th at the P ro p he t ( on h im
-
,

b e p e a c e and bl e ssi ng ! ) d e cl are d To s i t a s trid e ,

yo u r h ors e for one d ay in c onte ndi ng for Go d

is a h ighe r s atisfac t i on th an al l e ls e that the !

world c an afford A bu M oos a a ls o re l ate s .
,

th at one c a m e to th e P ro p h e t ( o n wh o m b e th e

bl e ssi ng and p e ac e of God and ask e d th e man ,

w h o sl ays to o b tai n plu nd e r o r h e w ho gh ts ,

to p e rp e tuate h is f ame or h e w h o e nte rs t he ,

th e K ihw o re s e re thre e th o usan d me n M ah ome d s ,

no t a o e bv
B id i d i p ity ll
o ne . es es th s s ar
500; j

dif f-
U

W u i A
)
th y h e a d on ly tw h o ors e s a m on g t th
s e m . Th e P ph ro et

t oo k n d Ab
o e, th
an Sh tly th u- B d th
ar a e o er . or e p ty w
ar e re

terr i d by th x l m ti n f Ab u R mi ( n f th K i h )
e . e e c a a o o -
a a o e o e o re s

T M w QT E g M h mm d n i t f i M h m d o o a e a n er ec .

a o e

i n m
s o Thi w t g d f t n f th K i h h w
or e . s as oo oo or u e or e or e s , o

e v t b t ; R mi h d nly di pl d t w f hi f t
er, o e r ue a a a o s a ce o o s r on

t th
ee B t in
. q u f hi h h vi g g
con se ff u e n ce o s ar c ers a n o ne o

so m wh t p m tu ly t
e a th pl d t p v t ny
re a re o s e cur e e un e r, o re en a

a ft f ul pl y th p ph t w w t d d bli g d t y
er o a , e ro e as or s e an o e o .

G g i d ibi g Ob d y M n l b im (i q i t
a n er e s cr n o , sa s, o s ce e e rr us n u

Gj n b i ) i n g M di n i n p ul mi n p
a na us g ba ro e ne s , u a a o us ar a s an a a

u b di i t
r e
p p ll tu s ) O h d (
ss us , Ob d ) q i i u
a e a r o . u , or o , u as un c s

t
e l p pt i gul i t t m m
s o us , ro qu d b l t er s n ar a e s ua , eo o a a ero

m nt i in q u i b i u i d tu f
o e v c o as a sc s s s v ea r
32 T O H F U T - D L- M UJA H I DEEN .

c omb at d e r that h e may o b tai n m arty r

in or

d o m an d b e h o ld th e pl a c e p re p are d fo r h im ,

wh ic h o f th e s e th re e g hts m os t for God a nd ,

s e rve s h im i n the true s t w ay He a nswe re d ,

He w h o gh ts in o bs e rv anc e o f th e w ord o f
God h e i t is w h o is b e fore a l l a nd h e w ho
, ,

re nd e rs to God th e m o s t fa i th ful s e rvic e And .

A bu S aud ul Ha z re e re l ate s t hat th e P rop he t ( on

~ ~
,

h im b e p e ac e ! ) d e cl a re d He o f a ll m a nki nd is ,

th e m o s t righ te o us w h os e fa i th is si nc e re a nd ,

w h o fre e ly e xp e nds hi s life and sub sta n c e i n

ghti ng for God B ookh a re e a ls o up on t he
.
,

a u th or i ty o f A bu Hare i ra th a t th e P ro p h e t ( o n him ,

b e p e ac e ! ) d e cl are d Ve rily i n p aradise th e re

, ,

are a h u nd re d d e g ree s of e l e v at i on a nd e a c h ,

dis ti nc t ; and God h as p romis e d to th os e w ho

ght for h is s ak e the i nte rm e di ate sp ac e b e ,

twe e n o ne d e g re e a n d the o th e r as th e sp ac e ,

w h ic h e xis ts b e twe e n th e h e a ve ns a nd th e e arth .

Wh e n God s h all e nqui re of you th e n w h ic h d e ,

gre e y e d e si re the n ans we r ye Firdoos , , ,

M ah ome d ans g t m y n m t P di gi v e a r ea an a es o ar a se.

B i d t h b v th y l l i t
es es e a o le, A l Ji t e th ca r
g
a
nn e , or e
.

g d ; c) w s Jin t A d
ar en a th g d
} Of E d ; ne e n, e ar en en
n

u nw th g d f bl i g
e h f th
ar en o es s n s eac o e s e, ac
r
c ord i g t m b i g th pp ll ti f p t i l p t f
n o so e, e n e a e a on o a ar cu ar ar o

the g d n nd w h i h ll v y i th i d g
ar e , a c f f li i ty a ar n e r e r e es o e c .

In
 T O H F UT- U L- MUJAH IDEEN 33

si nc e i t is i n th e c e ntre o f p aradis e a nd s itu ate d ,

i n th e m o s t d e ligh tfu l and e x a l te d p a rt o f i t ;

.

a b o v e b e i ng t he t h ro ne o f t h e A ll m e rciful a nd -
-
,

ou t of i t th e r iv e rs o f p aradis e owi ng Fur .

t h e r A bu A b a s h as re l a te d t h a t the P rop he t o n
,
-

( ,

him b e p e a c e ! ) d e cl are d He w ho s ha ll no t ,

a ro us e h ims e lf fro m slumb e r a nd e x e rt h ims e lf ,

i n th e s e rvic e of Go d h i m s h all t h e re of ,

h e ll re c e iv e And A bu K a is a ls o s ays . I -
,

h e ard Sad re l ate th a t b e wi th c e rta i n A ra bs ( o f , ,

w h o m h e w as c h i e f) h ad gone o ut to gh t fo r
God a ga i ns t u nb e li e v e rs th e P ro p h e t ( o n w h o m ,

b e p ea c e ! ) b e i ng a ls o o f th e i r c o mp an y ; and
no foo d b e i ng p ro cu rabl e e xc e p t t h e l e a v e s o f ,

t re e s o ne o f th e i r p arty d e vo u re d a q u anti ty o f
,

In o va
) Fi rd oo s , th e y sa
y, g row s th e tr e e ca ll d 5 31 t b h
e " o e or

s w ee t.

A cc d i ng or to Mr . S a e, l it i s su pp d t t n d in
os e o s a

M ah om e d s pl f m wh
b h f it i t
a a ce , h t ro e n ce a r an c o s o r ea c o

e v y t b li v m i
er r ue d w h i h w i ll b l d
e e er s

w i th an s o n, an c e a en

p m g t g p d t & M v l i k All di
o e r an a e s , ra es, a e s, c . or e o er , e a

ns

l mp it w i ll p nt t h im w h t v h wi h f h dy
a , re s e o a e er e s es or , es re a

d d g m t
re s s e ,
dy m d h ar dy ddl d Th
en s rea - a e, or s e s re a - sa e . e

e ar th f th i p t f P
o di s di g t M h m d n d
ar o a ra se, a ccor n o a o e a oc

t i t b
o rs , s f t wh
o t th
e o b t m k Th ne s ea o u r, or e es us . e

r i v w hi h w f m th
e rs tc f th t t b h
o t b ro e r oo o e re e o e ar e o e,

so m f mi lk
e o m f wi m f h n y
, so T h p i ti n f
e o ne , so e o o e . e os o o

th eg d v tly i it t b v th v n h v
ar e n, as ,
im s s ua e a o e e se e ea e ns ,

m d i t ly nd th th
e a e f G du er e rone o o ,
34 T O HF UT U L - -
M UJAH I DEEN .

th e s e , e w hat a c ame l or s h e e p would

q ua l to .

e a t ne v e rth e l e ss h e su ffe re d n o h arm !

,
More
o ve r A bu Hore i ra ( God re st s a tis e d wi th him ! ) -

re l a te d th at t h e P ro p h e t ( o n h i m b e p ea c e ! ) d e
,

cl are d He w h o sh all b e s tow a hors e up on o ne

, . .
-

w ho w oul d e nl i s t h ims e lf u nd er the b anne r of .

t he M o s t H igh and b e one w h o h as fa i th i n

,

God a nd i n h is p ro mis e s s urel y b o th th e foo d ,

o f th a t h ors e and th e s us te na nc e o f h i s rid e r

.
,

wi th the ordu re o f th e f orme r sh all b e pl a c e d ,

i n th e scal e s for his adv anta ge on th e d ay o f

Moos e lli m fu rth e r re l ate s fro m
-

th at c o mm e ntator ( A bu Hore ira) that th e Pro ,

p h e t ( o n h im b e p e ac e d e cl are d H e w ho s h all ,

die wi th ou t h avi ng fo ught f or God or w h o ne ,

ve r p ro p os e d t h a t du ty to h ims e lf v e rily con ,

signs h ims e lf to d e s truc t i on by h is h yp oc risy .

A gai n The i nd e l a nd h e w h o sl ays h i m s h all

, , ,

no t b e g ath e red i n th e re t og e th e r !
. A g ai n ,

O f m anki nd h e is th e m o s t m e ri tori o us w h o ,

sh a ll u rge on his h ors e w h e n gh ti ng for God

yi ng forw ard as i t w e re up on h is back ;
, ,

dis re gardl e ss of wh ate v e r sh all re ac h his h e ar

i ng al tho ugh h orribl e ; ne i th e r b e i ng a ve rt
,

Thi s mu st b e con s id er e d as a so me w h at wh im i al
s c me
th o d th a t th e P ph
ro et h e re p p
ro o se s , for su pplying any de
ci en cy .
 T O H F U Tl-U L -MU I A H I D E E N 35
' ' '

a
.

ed by a ny s o u nds o f l amentat i o n th at s hall '

as s a ul t hi m a l th o u g h s o te rri bl e
,
i nd e e d a s , ,

to fri gh te n aw ay fro m h i mal l s e ns e o f d e a th

a nd d e s tru c ti o n fo r ne i th e r th e man w ho s h all

s e iz e up on th e plu nd e r o f i n de l s ( and wh o s e
h e a d s h all b e a lm o s t t u rne d wi th h i s goo d fo r
.

t u ne) o r h e w ho i n th e s o li tud e o f th e d e s e rt
,

s h all m ortify h is b ody b y rigi d p riv ati ons and

p ray e r a nd s o s h all h av e ob ta i ne d full k no w
,

l e dge o f God sh all b e c o mpare d wi th him rs t

,

sp ok e n of a l tho ugh the y s h al l not b e wi tho u t

,

th e i r rew a rd A nd Jabi r B e n S u rm ah re l a te s
.
,

th at th e P ro p h e t ( o n h im b e p e ac e ! ) d ec l are d ,

Ve ri ly the tru e fa i th sh all s tand rs t and th e ,

we are rs of th e t urb ans sh al l g ht i n d e fe nc e o f

i t u ntil th e l a s t da y S olim an th e Pe rs i an
.

a ls o re l ate s , th a t h e h e ard th e P ro p h e t ( on hi m

b e p e ac e ! ) d e cl are To u rg e forw ard a h ors e i n

,

th is h o ly w arfare for o ne n ig h t and o ne d ay i s ,

b e tte r tha n fasti ng for a w h o l e m onth or th an ,

th e p rac t ic e of rigid w a tc h ful ne ss d uri ng al l th at

t im e
. Now if w h e n s o e ngage d h e s ha ll b e
sl a i n he h as a cc o mplish e d th at for w h ic h he
,

live d and h as ob tai ne d a p rovisi on for h ims e lf

, ,

b e i ng plac e d b e yond the re ac h o f a l l fu rthe r

The fo ll
o w ers of M ah o med .
 36 T O H F U T - U L- M U J A H I D E EN .

p e r d
y a nd tro ubl e .

And A kb at B e n Aa mir
l s : I h e ard th e P rop h e t ( on h im b e p e ac e
re a te

w h e n m ou nte d in the pulpi t e xcl a im O , ,

M osl e ms p ro mise t h at o nly w h ic h ye are abl e

,

t o p e rform for i ns ta nc e th e e x e rti on of y o ur

, ,

s tre ngth and skill i n s h oo ti ng a rrows Y o u r .

arc h e ry i t i s th at 1 re qui re ; y ou r arc h e ry

o nly will s e rv e Fu rthe r h e s a id : I
h e a rd th e P rop h e t ( o n h i m b e p e a c e d e cl are ,

He w h o l e arnt the art o f arc h e ry a nd a fte r

w ards ne gl e c te d i t i s no t o f our numb e r ,
.

A g a i n A bu M a s oo d ul Ans are e re l ate s th a t a man -

,

a pp roa c h i ng th e P ro p h e t wi th a b ridl e d c a m e l

i n h i s h and s a id to h im Th is I d e v o te to th e ,

s e rvic e o f Go d w he re up on th e P rop h e t e x
cl a im e d ( o n h im b e p e ac e l) U nto the e on the ,

d ay o f th e re su rre c t i on s h all s e ve n h und re d

c ame ls b e give n a ll o f the m b ridl e d jj M us , .

"

In a b
e tte r ca u s e ld b g d ph il ph y i thi
th e r e w o u e oo os o n s

ar gum e nt o f th e P ro ph t l th gh it m t b
e

s a ou f d th t us e c on e s s e , a

to g e tk kd noc e on th h
e d i i n th i gh t f m t m m
ea s, e s o os en , or

i t l bl th
n o e ra e an ar e a l l w l dl y t bl ( w a l g g
or ro u es as s on a o

o b v d by th g
s er e e rea t m t f
as e r o t ) w i t h w h i
n a ure h th y w ld , c e ou

gl dly m k hi ft
a a e s , ra th er th th i anw q i t m k
e r o n u e us a e.

1 Th i xp i r e s s on i s p t d th tim i th i gi l
re ea e ree n

s e es e or na

A bira c.

1 S v i ef v it u mb m g t th
en s a a o ur e n er a on s e M ah ome dans
l
a s o. M h m d m d th t h pte f t K
a o e a e e rs c a r o he o ra n t o con s s t i
on ly
 38 T O H FU T - U L- M U JA H I DE EN .

th em , th e y y e d to h im s ayi ng : O L rd ; w e
p o ra ,

d e s i re th at o ur s o uls may re tu rn aga i n to the i r

b odi e s, in ord e r that w e may a ga i n surre nd e r up
'

B ut He th e A lmigh ty

o ur l i ve s fo r t hy s a k e

.
.
, ,

k nowi ng that th is was not ne c e ss ary for th e m

'
'
,

c e a s e d to c onv e rs e w

i th th e m And up on the .

a uth or i ty of A bd ull ah B en O m ar B e n

i t is
re l ate d , th at th e P ro p h e t ( o n h im b e p e a ce ! ) d e

In th e c o nic t for th e c a us e o f G o d a ll
'

bl ared

e a rthly th i ngs s h a ll p e rish s a ve only th e tru e

'

A nas a lso re l ate s

i

fa i th . I h ad g o ne forth ! '

wi th the P rop h e t ( on h i m b e p e a c e a nd wi th

'

h is c o ni p anio ns w h e n h e Wa s a ttack e d by th e


,

i nd el ; wh o f u ri ously as s a ul te d hi m The n t he .

P roph e t ( bl e ss ing and p e ac e b e up onhim e x

cl aime d Pre p are ye to en te r p arad is e wh ic h ,

e xc ee ds i n e xp an se b o th the h e a v e n s a nd e arth

.

Th e Ami r B e n al H im a m up on th is crie d out

'

- - -

H uzz ah Th e Prop h e t d e m and e d

,

R i kh i b i kh i The xp i i n th e A bi may b e
55 ,
. e r e s s on ra c

vi w d
e e as an e xl c am at on i e xp res s n i g i di ul r c e as we ll as
j o
y .

F o r th i s r e a s on i t w as th a t M a dd
h o me e man d dfe ro m Him a m
th e mean i n g ly i t p
of th i (
s as he su pp d i t) os e unm an ner n err u

ti
on Th
. b ttl ll d d t h w eth d f t f th
a e a u e o er e, as e e ea o e

P ph t t Oh d p k n f i p di g p g A b l f d
ro e a o , s o e o n a r e ce n a e . u -
e a,

i hi
n t f th t
s a cco ung g m t y th t n M h m d
o a en a e en , sa s, a o a o e

s

di g h im lf b g i i g t b
n n ghly 9d h x l im d
se e nn n o e rou 5 , e e c a e ,

0g
e ? !
r) d f f
u w j a? ) 3
l a s
H w h ll
. o s a
 T O II F U T - U L - M UJ A H ID E EN . 39

( on h im b e
p e a c e ! ) W h a t m e a ne s t th o u i n t h us

s h ou ti ng H uzz ah ! H uzz ah ? He a nsw e re d

,

"

0 P ro p he t I tak e God to wi tne ss th at I s o e x ,

cl aim e d o nly fro m th e h Op e th at i s b e fo re me

,

o f b e c o mi ng on e o f t h e i nh a bi ta nts o f p a ra dis e .

T h e P ro p h e t re pli e d B eh o ld tho u art a l re a dy ,

o ne He a dd e d . C as t fro m th e e th e d ate s ,

th a t tho u ho ld e s t i n thy h a nd i n o rd e r th a t th o u ,
f

m ay e s t p arta k e o f thos e th at tho u s h a l t nd in

p aradis e
Fu rth e r th e P ro p h e t s a id
. I a ls o , ,

wo uld d e si re of tho s e d ate s p re p are d for me and ,

w h ic h s h all give life wi th o u t e nd A l H im a m .
-

e xcl a im e d T h o u h a s t s aid truly,

a nd th e re

up o n th rowi ng fro m h im th e d a te s th at h e h ad i n

p pl p p w h b m w ith bl d th f f th i
th at eo e ro s er o es e ar oo e a ce o e r

P ph t w h il t h w ld i v it th m t th i G d A th
ro e , s e ou n e e o e r o .

s e

P ph t t i ly b g n th tt k th i m n t n
ro e ce r a n hi e a e a ac , s re o s ra ce on s

p t m t b th gh t m th i g n
ar us e bl ou so e n u r e a s on a e .

W h th th P ph t h
e er ll d d ly t th d t e ro e er e a u e on o e a es

whi h c di g t h im g w
, a ccor th t n t b h f whi h o , re on e re e o e , o c

so m m ti e h enb md i on p di g n t as t hi e en a e n a r e ce n o e, or o s

m k bus ti thea u H es, l y m d b tf l e oo r - a - u un , s ee s ou u .

P b bly h w v t th l tt
ro a , o th f d th t h p p
e er , o e a er , as e oo a e ro os e s

for th t t i m nt
e en e r a n f hi f ll w i P di i t ly
e o s o o e rs n a ra se c on s s s o n

o f th b l m e d th h h
a a
( w h i h M S l w ld
, an id e s un c r . a e ou co n s er

t b t h b h m th
o e e d l v i th n f th J w )
e e od m n an e a a o e e s , an no e

ti oni m d s f d t a x pt w h
e o m t d m g t tha e s, e ce en e nu e ra e a on s e

v i t
ar o us s o r sf f i t t h t th f m o t f P di w t
ru a e a o us re e o ara se as o

p d ro uc e .
40 T O HF U T -
U L -
MUJA H I D EEN .

h is h a nd , h e ush e d forw ard to th e c omb at sl ayi ng

r ,

a l l a rou n d hi m t ill h e h ims e lf fe ll Fu rth e r T ir

,
.

muz e e and Ab u Daoo d h ave re l ate d up on th e ,

a u th ori ty o f Fuz al ut B e n Ab e e d th a t t h e P ro p h e t - -
,

( o n hi m b e p e a c e ! ) e xcl a im e d W h e ne v e r o ne ,

s h a ll re sign h i s b re a th at th at h ou r h is w ork is ,

fi n is h e d ; e xc e p t hi m o nly w h o di e s w he n
c h argi n g the e ne mi e s o f God and w h o s e ao ,

c o u nt s h all not b e cl o s e d u nt il th e l as t d ay w ho ,

s h all b e d e liv e re d a ls o from th e pu rga to ry o f

th e A g a i n A bu Daood fro m A bu Hu ,
-

m a m ah re l ate s th at the P ro p h e t ( on h i m b e p e a c e ! )
,

d e cl are d He w h o h as no t fo ught for Go d a nd

, ,

Th i s i s i n th e d f v yf fl tM ah o me d an cr e e o a er ea r u n a ur e ,

f or wh m en a di th y y hi b dy i v i it d i th g v
an e s, e sa s o s s e n e ra e

by t w bl k d h i d p i i t
o ac an m d im
J
or r N k s r s, na e u e er

an d M un ki ( b th w h i h w
r, d doi v i d d f m t h A cb i or s ar e e ro e ra c

r oo t Q
J
h d i d p d
e i ti en ed wh x, min h im
re u a on , an o e a e

t hi g h i
o uc n t h d xy ; th t i
s or if h o t o w all ! 3! Al 3a s, e cann o ans er

(y ) W Th i g d b t th G d ere d M h m d
s no o u e o , an a o e

i his p ph t th y b gin
s ro e ,t

dg l b l b e ed so o cu e , e a our , an

b tin d hi m w i th i
as a o l b th t hi i h d ( x pt
r on c u s, a s cr e s ar e e ar e ce

by th w h m i i th w ld ) th gh t th w h l ni
ose o re a n n e or rou ou e o e u

v T h y m ti
ers e . le v l th k i d f ill t tm t
en on a s o s e e ra o er n s o -
re a en ,

v w th n thi
e en o r se th t m ty d m m t h v
a s, sopp d a ar r o us a e a e ar e ,

comp d w i th w h t M h m d th t d hi f ll w i f th y
ar e a a o e re a e n e s o o er s e

d i d t b m i t t i t i th l g g f S h P n
no su o , n b t e an ua e o an c o a sa , u

m t t
er e d h
ar s a n k C e e s e ca es .
 T O H FU T- U L- M UJA H I DEEN . 4 1

h as give n o f his subs tanc e to th o s e w h o h av e

not ,

o r w ho h a s dissu ad e d a n o n f hi p pl e
y e o s e o

fro m that m e ri to ri o us w o rk God v e rily has c as t ,

t h a t p e rs o n i nto h e ll re a l re a dy n ot re s e rvi ng -
,

h i m fo r the l a s t d ay Im a m B e n H uss a i n h as .
- -

re l at e d a ls o th a t t he P ro p h e t m p c
,
( o n h i b e e a e ! )
d e cl are d Th e re s h a ll a lw ays re m a i n for me a
,

t rib e o f my p e o pl e w h o s h a ll g h t and sl ay i n ,

th e c au s e o f tru th and w h o s e e x te ri o r s h all ,

give e vid e nc e o f th e i r i nw ard fe e li ngs u nt il th at ,

t im e w h e n t he y s h a ll l a s t o f al l d e s tro y the

A nd Tirmuz e e re l a te s up on th e
'

a u th o ri ty o f Ib n A bb a s th at t h e P ro p h e t on h i m
-
( ,

b e p e a c e ! ) d e cl are d Th e re are t w o d e s cri p ,

t i ons of e y e s w h ic h th e re o f h e l l s hall no t
,

d e s troy ; th e e ye s th at wee p in c onte mpl ati ng

C ll d i th A b i dlS Cill
a e n e } ! Al mra h d d jj l
c x - us ee -a -
u a
6
-
. ,

or th f l e M i h It i th d ily p y f l l d v t M
a se e ss a . s e a ra er o a e ou a

h m d
o e th t th y m y n v
a ns , a t h d y f t h Ant i h i t
e a e er s e e e a o e c r s ,

d di g th gh m
re a n f th w i l
ro u f th t i mp t
e an s o th p e es o a o s or e er

d i t i f th i
on o l J ll l dd
e r Z m kh h i
s ou s . d th e a u e e n, a a s ar , an o er

co mm t t th
e n a o rsK w onf b l i f th t J
e w ld
o ra n, er e o e e a e s us ou

h ft
e re a d er df mh v
e s ce n d h v i g l i n th A nti h i t
ro ea e n, an a n s a e c r s ,

w ou ld t bl i h th M h m d
es a s li gi th gh t th w ld
e a o e an r e on ro u ou e or ,

a ft w h i h th g ld
er c
g h ld be g i o H w m
en a n tu lly
e s ou e n . o e n, a ra

en d w d w ith g d d t di g
o e oo ld h v b m b
un e rs an n s, co u a e e co e e

w i ld d w i th h i d i t i v g i
er e s uc th it i t o yt c a ar e s as es e , s no e as o

co mp h nd re e .
42 T O H F U T U L- M UJ AHID EEN .

th e i ndignat i o n o f God and the e y e s wh ic h a re ,

cl os e d w h e n i n th e a ct of c o mb a t for th e c aus e
o f Go d

A ga i n Abu Hore irah ; th at one o f
.
-

the a ss o ci ate s o f t h e P ro p he t ( o n hi m b e p e a c e ! )

wh e n p roc e e di ng to b attl e h avi ng t u rne d a sid e ,

i nto a c ave in w h i c h w e re gra p e s and a limpi d

s tre am e xcl ai m e d
,
If th o s e w h o a re my c om ,

p ani ons will e xcus e me fro m p roc e e di ng wi th

t he m fu rth e r I will t a k e up my dwe lli ng i n t h is
,

c av e O n h i s s ayi ng th is b e fore th e P ro p h e t
.

( o n h i m b e p e a c e h e a n sw e re d Th o u s h a l t ,

not d o th is fo r t he m e ri t o f a ll o f y ou w ho go
,

o ut to g h t fo r God is gre a te r tha n w hat ye ,

c o uld acqui re if y e w e re to sp e nd s e ve nty y e ars

,

i n o ffe ri ng up p ra ye rs i n th e h ous e o f Go d
for if i nd e e d y e d e si re to b e fo rgive n o f God
, , ,

and to b e h e re a fte r a dmi tte d i nto p a ra dis e t h e n ,

mus t y e go forth to gh t for Go d si nc e h e w ho i n ,

th is h o ly w arfa re s h a ll w ou nd b ut a s h e c am e l h e -
,

_ is t ruly d e s ervi n g o f p ara dis e
1 Fu r th e r A bu .
'

Tri mu z e e a nd A l M us ae e up on th e a u thor i ty o f-
,

Abu Hore i rah re l ate th a t t he Pro p he t ( on w ho m b e

-
,

Th e te m pl e or s a cr e dm q os ue of M e cca is p b bly h
ro a e re

me a n t .

1 C i d i g th v l u f h m l t
o ns er n A bi M e

a e o a s e - ca e o an ra a n, a

h m d ld h dly h v p i t d t t h i f ll w ym
o e co u ar a e o n e ou o s o o e rs an o re

f t l ff t l i j y th t th y ld
a a or e e c ua i th i
n ur mi a e co u o ccas o n e r e ne es,

th n by th
a d t y i g th h i f m n f th i x i t n
us e s ro n e c e ea s o e r e s e ce .
 TO H F U T - U L - M UJ A H I D EEN . 43

pe ac e ! ) d e cl are d , He
fa lls a m artyr e X pe w ho
rie nce s no ne o f th e p a ngs o f d e a th e xc e p t i n ,

d e e d i t b e suc h s e ns ati o ns as me n e xp e ri e nc e
,

w he n su rp ri se d by j oy A nd H ara m B e n .
-

A te e k re l ate s th a t the P rop h e t ( on h i m b e p e a c e ! )

,

d e cl are d ,
He w ho s hall b e s to w a ny o f h is sub
s ta nc e in th e c aus e o f God or for the supp ort ,

o f h is re ligi o n t he re s h all b e w ri tte n d ow n for

,

hi m s e v e n h u nd re d fo ld And l b n Inaj ih h as
-
.
-

re l ate d i t up on t h e a u th ori ty o f A l e e a nd A bu ,

Ad rud a a nd A bu Hore irah a nd A bu A m am ah

, ,
-
,

a nd A bdull ah B e n O m ar a nd B e n A bdull a h
- -
a nd,
-
,

Im ra n B e n Hoo s s ain ( wi th a l l o f w h o m may Go d

-

re s t s a tis e d ! a nd w h o all a g re e i n th is a cc o u nt
) ,

t h at th e P ro p h e t ( on h im b e p e a c e ! ) d e cl are d ,

He w ho h as c ontribu te d o f h is w e a l th to thos e
w h o gh t fo r Go d a nd re m a i ne d a t h o m e for , ,

e v e ry di rh e m tha t h e h a s s o e xp e nd e d h e s h a ll ,

l
re c e iv e s e v e n h u nd re d fo l d And a fte r d e cl ar-
.
ae

i ng th is, h e re ci te d th e fo ll owi ng s ayi ng : Fo r

God s h a ll giv e i nc re a s e w h ere h e will He w h o i s ,

a l l b e ne ce n t a nd a ll And A bu D a oo d -

Th e S h i kh
e , i n ma in k g th i d
s e man d p u on th e p urs es of

t h os e of b t h w h h d th p
h is re re n o a ra er a
y for su b ti t
s ut e s th an

en l i t th m lv h b n l ib l w ith
s e se es, as ee er a hi s a uth or iti e s for h i s

th us l yi g th m d
a n e t ib ti un e r co n r u on .

1 T h i p i
s x l m t
o usi w i t
eh thc a a on, o e rs of a s i mi l ar n at ur e ,

occurs v y f q tly th ugh th K

er re ue n ro e o ran .
44 T O H FU T - U L- M UJA H I D E EN .

h as l
re ate d up on the a u th ori ty o f Ibn A bb as ( God -

re s t s atis e d wi th h i m th at t h e P ro phe t ( o n h i m

be p e a c e ! ) d e cl are d to h is a ss o ci a te s Whe n ,

yo u r b re th re n w e re sl ai n on th e d ay o f O b od ,

God transp orte d t h e i r s o uls i nto t he b e lly o f th e

gre e n b i rd } from w h e nc e th e r ive rs o f p ara
dis e o w forth and wh e re th e y p artak e o f i ts
,

frui ts and be h old th e c andl e s o f God susp e nd e d

,

i n th e s h ad o w o f h is th ro ne N o w w h e n th e y
.

p e rc e i ve d th e pu ri ty and swee tne ss o f th e i r foo d

a nd d ri nk and t h e pl e a s antne ss o f th e i r pl a c e s o f
,

re s t t h e y e xcl aim e d
,
Oh ! w h e re s h all w e nd
,

o ne w h o sh a ll c arry i nte lli g e nc e to o ur b re th re n

o n e a rth th a t w e a re i n para dis e w h e re th e p rao ,

t ic e o f morti c ati on s is n ot re qui re d o r th e s e v e ,

ri tie s o f w ar e xp e ri e nce d And th e Lord m os t

.
,

H igh wh ose nam e b e p raise d m ad e answe r I

, , ,

will discl os e th is for yo ur s ak e s Th e re fore ,

God m o s t H igh re v e al e d th at s ayi ng C on sid e r , ,

no t th os e a s d e a d w h o h a v e fa ll e n i n t h e c a us e

o f God b ut a s y e t livi g n b e sid e s m any

,

o th e r pas s a g e s of t h e s a m e im port Fu rth e r .

,

H akim re l ate s from A bu M oos a Al As hare e

,
- -
,

th a t th e P rop h e t ( o n h i m be p e a c e ! ) d e cl are d

i n t he s h ad e s o f t h e s cymi ta rs is p a radis e

p re ure d
g A
. n d Ib n M aj ah h as
-
n a r ra te d i t

Fi rd ou s , or P diar a se .
46 T O H FU T - U L- M UJ A H I D E E N

th an to m ak e fty pilgr im age s to M e cc a .

B y wh ic h he m e a nt to s ay th at th e fu tu re re w ard
,

th at s h a ll a w ai t th e rs t ac t s h a ll e xc e e d th a t

a w a rd e d to pilg rim a g e s h ow e ve r m a ny i n num

,
w

he r . A nd th e c aus e o f th is p re e mi ne nc e b e i ng
-

give n to th e h o ly w arr i o r i s th is tha t h e truly

,

r isks his life a nd a ll th at h e p o ss e ss e s for th e s a k e

o f Go d , wh ils t o th e rs a ls o re ap th e a dvantag e o f
t h i s s e lf d e vo ti on w h ic h c anno t b e s aid o f pil
-
,

g rim ag e s to M e cc a w h e re th e b e ne t e x te nds no
,

fu rthe r th an to th e pilgrim h ims e lf .

 T O HF U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E EN . 47

C H A P TE R II .

R eg a r di ng the M a n n er i n w h i ch th e M a ho
me da n R el ig ion
w a s rs t p r op ag a ted i n th e K i ng dom of M a l a ba r .

Ir '
s hould p ri or to the i n
be u nd e rs too d , th a t

trod uc tion o f Isl a mism i nto

th is c o u ntry a p arty ,

o f J e ws a nd C h ris tians T h a d fo u nd th e i r w a
"
y t o

a c i ty o f M a l ab ar nam e d C ad ungal oo r i h avi ng ,

Th e J e w s, a ccor di g gt
n to a trad iti o n wh i ch e xi s ts a m on s

th b dy
e f th t n t i
o wh o id t C hi
a a m t I di
on o re s e a oc n, ca e o n a

f m P i ft th y h d b n f d f m th i v i t d by
ro e rs a, a er e a ee re e ro e r s er u e

Cy r us ,b ut 54 0 y a b f th b i t h f C h i t F
o e ars e ore e r o r s . ra

P li h w v
ao no, m t d b t th i
o e er, s e et f th i i gi
s o ou s acco un o e r or n,

an d D F t r qu t P t g
. ors e r w k t i tl d
o es a N ti i or u ue se or ,
en e o c as

d J d d C h i w h i h y th t b t A D 3 6 9
os u eas e oc n, c sa s, a a ou . .
,

se v nty i gh ty th
e or ed J w w l d d f m th k i gd m o u sa n e s ere an e ro e n o

o f M j th M l b
a or ca, t on e a a ar coas .

1 Th w th C h i t i n f S t Th m M t
ese er e e r s a s o . o as s

o un , or

N t i wh
e s o r an s , di g t P l in w p tly d
o, a cco r d n o ao o, e re ar e s ce n

t
an s o f th b i gi l i h b it t f th l d w h w
se or na n a an s o e an o er e co n

v t d t th Ch i ti f i th by th p tl Th m
er e o e r s an d p tly
a e a os e o a s, an ar

o f th o Ch i ti n w h w t f m M p t mi d Ch l d t
er r s a s o en ro eso o a a an a ea o

I din n d w i th w h m th
a, a t f M l b b d o e coa s o a a ar a o un s.

1: C n g ra H t h J w t bl
an or e .i h d t h m lv
e re f und e e s es a s e e se e s, o

i ng m ll k i gd m
a s Th a igi f th bl k J w D
n o . e or n o e ac e s, r .

F t ib t th u t m f th wh it n p h in g
ors e r a s cr es o e c s o o e e o es u rc a s
48 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E EN .

l a nd e d the re fro m a s h ip o f l arg e siz e i n w h ic h ,

th e y h ad tra nsp o rte d wi th th e m a ls o t he i r famili e s

a nd fo ll ow e rs Now th e re sid e nc e o f th e Ki ng o f
.

M al ab ar b e i ng i n th is ci ty th e s e p e opl e p e t i ti one d ,

hi m fo r th e a ssig nm e nt to th e m o f c e rta i n tra c ts

o f l a nd a nd fo r ,th e gra nt o f c e rta i n g a rd e n s

a nd buildi ngs ; an d th e s e by th e ki ng s c o mm a nd

, ,

h a vi ng b e e n a ll otte d th e m th e y s e ttl e d up o n th e m ,
.

A nd s om e y e ars a fte r th is e ve nt th e re arriv e d at

C rang anore a c o mp any o f p oor M o sl e ms me n w ho ,

h ad d e vo te d the i r liv e s to th e e x e rcis e o f re ligi on

a us te ri t i e s a nd w h o a t th is t im e
, u nd e r th e S p i , ,

r i tu a l guid an c e o f a S h e ik h w h o w as o f th e i r

p arty d e signe d a p ilg rim age to th e foo ts te p o f our

,

f f e r A d a m at C e yl on ( on h im b e p e a c e
o re a t h *
,

lv
s a es v tin g th m t th i l igi
an d c on erTh Jw h e o e r re on . ese e s, e

say w s, m h Opp e re s o d by th P t ug uc th t i th r e ss e e or u e se , a n e

y 1 5 65 th b dy f th m t C ng
e ar , e w o bl ig d t o e a ra anor e e re o e o

b g p t ti
e f m th K i g f C h i It w p b bly
ro ec on ro e n o oc n . as ro a

ab t thi p i d t h f th t th g t p t f th w h it
ou s er o , ere or e , a e re a er ar o e e

J w m v d t th l tt pl
e s re o e d wh o th y ew a er ac e , an ere e ar e no

hi y t b f
c e d o e ou n .

L t di t i l pl u
a mm ra p mi l M lm
on a s co un e ar es us u ans

t qes A d m t mb u l m t gn d S di b
, u

a o t a s r a on a e e er an ,

c es

l il d Z il

e il y
e a j dh i
an, ou m t gn a e n co r e a u o ur

u un e on a e

q l P
ue t g i es p p ll t P i d A d
or u m D
a s H b l t a e en co e a .
'

er e o .

E ve,di g t th m ac cor th i npp d t h av o e sa e au o r, s su os e o e

ligh t d i n h
a e f ll f m P di
, t J dd h i
er ath R d ro ar a se , a e a n e e
 T O H F U T - U L- M U J A H I D E EN . 49

a nd i nte llige nc e o f th e i r a rriva l h a vi ng re ac h e d

t he Ki ng s e n di ng for th e m i nto h i s p re s e n c e h e
, ,

m an ife s te d to w ar ds th e m muc h ki nd ne ss c on ,

ve rsi ng wi th th e m wi th ou t re s e rv e and e nq u i ri ng
o f t he m th e i r ci rcums ta n c e s a n d c ondi ti on th e ,

S he ik h e nc o u ra ge d by th e Ki ng s c ond e sc e nsi o n
,

r e l ate d to h i m t h e h is tory o f o ur p ro p h e t M a h o m e d

h om m a
( p
u o n w y th e div i ne fa v o u r a nd bl e ssi ng

fo r e v e r re s t e xpl a i ni ng a ls o to t h e m on ar c h th e

te ne t s o f Isl a mism ; w h ils t for a c o n rm a t i on o f ,

th e i r tru th h e narrate d to h i m th e mi ra cl e o f th e
,

d ivisi on o f th e m oo n *
N o w c onvic t i on o f th e .
,

Th i s mi ra cl e , wh i ch h as j tly b
us ee n st i gm ti z d by
a e Gr o
i
t us i n h i s a dm i bl ra e tr e a ti se De V iter a te ,

as rnir a c ul a q u ae

s ui ab s ur d ita te yl d i A b i [ gal l EM !
r e fe ll u nt ur , is st e n ra c
L
I h f k l k mu
s a -u -th n d i v i i n f th m
r, or e s s ure or s o o e oo n .

It i nly j t i
s o h w v t M h m d t
us m k t h t th i
ce , o e er , o a o e o re ar , a s

mi l l ik th
ra c e , f th d v y ing t hi
e os e d th o e o es o s e ar , an e

cam l dd ing h im w n t f hi w n f b i ti b t
e s a re s s , e re o o s o a r ca on, u

w ere ib d t h i m ft hi d th by hi f t i f ll w
a s cr e o a er s ea s ana c o o

e rs M h m d h i m lf w t w i t b t f y m i
. a o e se as oo se o oa s o an ra

cul n p w ; i d d i th f ll wi g nd th p g
o s o er n ee n e o o n a o er as sa es

h di l i m it l! Li if} all! m
e sc a
V
(
s
ef f g :
A i
f J ;
a e

e i !
L i l w! g w i l Ll 3) Id l
Hg hf f
l S ay , e c ar e
t ( t

not u n to
y ou th at t h e tr e a s ure s o f Go d a re at my p o w e r,

ne th e ri do I sa
y u nto y ou I kn ow th e s e cr e t s of God , i
n e th e r

do I sa
y unto y ou v i ly
er I a m an a n g l I f ll
e , o ow on ly th at

w hi ch i s v l d unt m
re ea e o e K oran, S
e o ra ig ! or In m a
r
.
,

ch a pt er v i ntitl d C ttl
. e e a e .

50 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H ID E EN .

Proph e t s divi ne missi on u nd e r th e bl e ssi ng of

A lmigh ty God h avi ng fo ll owe d th i s re l ati on th e

, ,

h e art ofKi ng b e c a m e w arm e d wi th a holy

th e

a ffe c t i on to w ards M a h o m e d ( o n w ho m b e p e a c e

a nd , i n c ons e qu e n c e o f th is his c onv e rsi on h e ,

wi th muc h e a rne s tne ss e nj oine d the S he ik h a fte r ,

th e c o mpl e t i on o f h is pilgrim age to A d a m s foo t

s te p t o re tu rn wi th h is c o mp ani ons to Gra nga

,

nore a s i t w as h i s d e si re h e re afte r to u n i te hi m
,

s e lf to th e m ; b ut i n c o mmu ni c ati ng h e forbid ,

th e S he ik h to divulg e th is h i s s e c re t i nte nti o n to

an o f th e i nh abi tants o f M a l a b a r S h ortly a fte r

y .

this th e S h e ik h wi th h i s c o mp any s a il e d i n p ro

s e c uti on o f th e i r voy a g e to C e yl on a nd fro m ,

th e nc e i n d ue t im e
,
th e y re tra c e d th e i r c o u rs e
,

to C ran g anore wh e n th e Ki ng i ns truc te d th e

,

S he ik h to m ak e re ady a ve ss e l and p ro vide i t ,

wi th e ve ry th i ng ne c e ss ary for p ro c ee di ng o n a
v oy a ge ; di re c ti ng howe ve r at the s am e tim e
, , ,

th a t h e s h o uld b e c a re ful t o c o nc e a l i t fro m t he

k nowl e dge o f e ve ry o ne th at h e w as s o e ngage d .

Now th e re w ere lyi ng i n th e h arb o ur o f C ra n

,

a n re a t th is t im e a g re at m a ny v e ss e ls w h ic h
g o ,

Th i b
s e ne di cti on, imita ti n f
in o o th e K or an, is e xp re s se d
in th e m y tis cal a bb v i ti n f a
re a o o n s ul a m, for al l 1 ,
( 9
s ul -l ul -l a h -oo al e ihi w a su l um, may God bl e ss and

p r e s er e v hi m .
 T O HF U T - U L- M UJA H I D E EN . 51

b e l onge d c h i e y to fore ig ne rs w h o w e re e ngage d

i n trad e ; a nd the S he ik h a cc o s ti ng the m a s te r
,

o f o ne o f th e m , i nform e d h im tha t i t w as the

d e si re o f h ims e lf a nd hi s c omp any o f pilg rims to
e mb ark i n h i s s h ip : to w h ic h th e m a s te r h a vi ng

c o ns e nte d w h e n th e t im e for t he v e ss e l s d e p artu re
,

d re w ne ar the Ki ng issu e d a p roh ibi ti o n to the

,

o fc e rs o f h is h ous e ho ld and go v e rnm e nt fro m

e nte ri n g i nto h is p re s e nc e fo r th e sp a c e o f s e v e n

d ays He in th is i nte rva l o f s e clusi on s e l e c te d

.
, ,

for e a c h o f th e s e v e ra l p ro vi nc e s of h i s d omi ni o ns
a n o fc e r t o rul e o v e r i t i n hi s a bs e nc e a nd
p re
,

p are d for th e guid anc e of e ac h o f the m dis ti n ct

a nd d e ta il e d i n s truc t i o n s whe re i n he d e ne d t he
,

l imi ts o f th e i r s e v e ra l gove rnm e nts ; h avi ng i n vi e w ,

i n th is m e a su re th e p re v e nt i o n o f any e nc roa c h
,

m e nt o n th e p art o f any one o f th e s e h is V ic e roys

o n t h e te rri to ri e s o f a no th e r ; a n e ve nt s till no to

rio us a m o ngs t th e P a g a ns o f M a l ab ar ; si nc e t he

s ov e re ig nty o f th is m o narc h e x te nd e d thro ugho u t

th e w h o l e o f th a t ki ngd o m th e s o u the rn c on ne
,

o f w h ic h is K a mb a ra a nd i ts north e rn b o u nd a ry
,

K a nj e rc ote . B ut to c ont i nu e o ur narrati on The .

Ki ng a fte r th us e vi nci ng h is c onsid e rati on e m

, ,

b ark e d wi th the S he ik h and his p oor c omrad e s ,

p ro c e e di ng o n b o ard the v e ss e l und e r the c o nc e al

m e nt o f nigh t : and s e tti ng s ail the y s hortly
,

ri ve d o ff Fund re e ah , w he re the Ki ng l and ing ,

52 T O H F UT- U L- M UJA H I DEEN .

re m ai ne d a d ay and a nigh t ; a nd a ga i n e mb a rk
i ng th e s hip p roc e e d e d o n to Durmuftun w h e re
, ,

th e Ki n g wi th th e c omp ani ons o f his v o yage

, ,

s ta id thre e d ays ; a t th e e xpi ra ti on of w h ic h

t im e t h e y a ga i n s e t s a il to uc h i ng no w he re ,

u nt il th e y re a c h e d th e c o a s t o f A ra bi a h e re th e
Ki ng a nd al l on b oa rd th e s h ip h avi ng q ui tte d it ,

re m a i ne d for a c on s id e ra bl e t i me S ubs e qu e ntly .

,

h o w e v e r h avi ng p roj e c te d to re tu rn to M a l ab a r for

, ,

th e pu rp o s e of e re c ti ng m o squ e s a nd diss e mi nat i ng

th e Mah ome d a n re ligi on i n t h at c o u ntry w h e n ,

a b o u t t o s e t o u t up o n t he i r v oy a g e th e ki ng fe ll sick ;

a nd h i s dis e a s e p rovi ng o f a m ort a l nat u re h e s o ,

l e mnl y e nj o i ne d th o s e w h o h a d a cc omp a ni e d h i m
fro m h is o u tse t up on th e e xp e di ti o n ( and th e s e w e re
S h iuff B e n M a lik a nd h is b roth e r fro m Al aim 1
- -
,
'

M al ik B e n D e e nar a nd his ne p he w M a lik B e n

- - -

H ab e e b B e n M a lik a nd s om e othe rs) not to ab an

,

d o n t h e i r v oy age fro m M al ab ar afte r or i n c o ns e , ,

u e n f h i s d eath B u t o n th e s e replyi n g to h i m
q c e o .
,

t h a t th e y w e re igno ra nt b oth o f t he p osi t i o n o f h is

d omi ni o ns a nd th e e x te nt o f hi s sove re ignty and ,

a ddi ng t h a t t h e i r a tta ch m e nt to h i s p e rs on w as
,

th e i r o nly i nduc e m e nt fo r h avi ng c ons e n te d to a c

Th e w or d i n th e A bic
ra
J
s
'
; Shuh u r, i n l ud
c es th e

who l li
e n e of coas t f
ro m Om an to Ad n e .

1
'
A to w n i n P i
ers a .
54 T O HF UT- U L- M UJA H I D EEN .

Ben -
D e e nar
s lvi ng to x h ims e lf th e re fo r life ;
re o

b ut h is ne p h e w M alik B e n H ab ee b a fte r a t im e
,
- -
,

qui tte d th is pl a c e for th e pu rp o s e o f b uildi ng

,

m o squ e s th ro ugh o u t M al ab ar A nd wi th th is d e .

sign h e p ro c e e d e d rs t to Quil o n c a rryi ng wi th ,

h im th i th e r all his w orldly subs ta nc e a nd a ls o h is ,

wife and s o m e o f h i s c h ild re n A nd a fte r e re c t i ng .

a m o squ e i n t h a t tow n a nd s e ttli ng h is wife t h e re ,

h e h ims e lf j o u rne y e d o n to Hub ae e Mura w e e a nd ,

fro m t he nc e to B angore M ang a l o re a nd K a n , ,

a t al l w h ic h pl a c e s h e buil t m o s q u e s ;
j e re o te ,

a fte r a cc o mplis h i n g w h ic h he re tu rne d to ,

Hub ae e Muraw e e w h e re h e s ta id for th re e,

m onth s A nd fro m th is tow n h e w e nt to Z ara ftan

.
,

a nd Durmuftun ,
. a nd Fund re e ah , a nd S hal e e at ;
in a ll o f_th e s e to w n s
lso ra isi ng m osqu e s re m ai n
a ,

i ng ve m onth s a t th e l as t pl ac e a nd fro m th e nc e ,

re t u rn i ng to h is u ncl e M a lik B e n D e e na r a t C ra n - -

g a n o re H e re
. h o w e v e r h e s ta id b ut a s hort
,
p e ,

ri e d ,s oon a ga i n s e tti ng o ut for th e m osqu e s th at

h e h ad e re c te d a t th e a bo v e m e nti one d to wns fo r -
,

t he pu rp o s e o f c ons e c ra t i ng a nd e nd o wi ng th e m

a nd a fte r d o i ng th is h e onc e m o re b e nt h i s s te ps
,

to w ards C ra ng anore h i s h e art b e i ng full o f gra ti tud e

,

tow a rds Go d b e c aus e o f the d a w ni ng o f the ligh t

,

o f Isl a mism o n a l an d w h ic h t e e m e d wi th id o l a

try . M ore ove r M a lik B e n De e nar and M alik

,
- -

B e n H ab e e b wi th th e i r ass o c i ate s and d e p e nd ants

-
, ,
 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H IDE E N . 55

afte rwards re m o ve d to Qui l on w h e re the l a tte r ,

a nd his p e o pl e re m a i ne d B u t B e n D e e n ar wi th
.
-
,

c e rta i n o f h is c o mp ani ons s a ili ng fro m the nc e for

,

th e c oa s t o f A ra bi a o n th e i r arriva l th e re p ro
,

c e e d e d to visi t t h e to mb o f th e d e c e a s e d ki ng .

S ubs e qu e ntly M a lik trave lli ng o n to K horas an

, , ,

t h e re re si gne d h i s b re a th A s fo r B e n H ab e e b a fte r
.
-
,

s e ttli ng s o m e o f hi s c h ild re n i n Quil on h e re tu rne d ,

wi th his wife to C ranga nore w h e re th e y b oth e x ,

c h ange d th is life for a b e tte r No w i n w ha t I .

,

h av e a b o ve re l ate d y o u h av e th e c o mm o n a nd
,

e arli e s t tra di t i o n th a t e xis ts re g a rdi ng t he p re p a

,

g a ti o n o f t h e M a h o me d a n re ligi on i n M a l a b a r .

To uc h i ng t h e e x a c t ti m e w h e n t h is e v e n t o ccu rre d
t he re is no c e rta i n i nfo rm a ti o n b ut th e re a pp e ars
g oo d gro und fo r th e supp osi ti on th at i t h app e ne d
'

a b o u t t w o h und re d e ars a fte r th e ig h t o f t h e

y
P rop he t ( to wh om b e all bl e ssi ng a nd p ra is e
a sc rib e d l N o tw i th s ta ndi ng t h a t am gs t the
)
. o n ,

M ah o me d ans o f M al ab a r th e c o nve rsi on to Isl am

,

i sm o f the ki ng ( b e fo re a llud e d to) i s b e li e ve d to

h av e tak e n pl ac e i n th e t im e o f th e P rop h e t ( up on
w h o m b e bl e ssi ng a nd p e ac e i t h a vi ng b e e n

o cc asi o ne d by t h at m o na rc h s p e rc e ivi ng in a
visi on d uri ng nigh t the p a ti ti on
, ,
r o f t e m oo n
h *
,

w h ic h mi racul o us ci rcums tanc e i nduc e d h i m

Vi d e no t e , p . 49 .
56 T O H F U T - U L- M UJA HI D E EN .

to s et up on a j ou rne y to visi t th e P ro p h e t
o ut

up on w ho m h e bl e ssi ng and p e a c e and h avi n g

(
b e e n bl e ss e d wi th an i nte rvi e w wi th h i m h e ,

re tu rne d to th e c o a s t o f A ra bi a d e si gn i ng to ,

re tu rn to M a l ab ar wi th th e i ndivi du a ls b e fore
n a m e d w h e n h e di e d th e re
,
Th e re i s h o w e ve r b ut .
, ,

li ttl e tru th i n th is a cc ou nt It is a fac t m ore o v e r .

, ,

n ow w e ll k no w n to a l l t h a t th e ki ng w as bu ri e d at
,

Z ofar i ns te ad of o n th e A rabi an c oas t o f th e R e d

,

S e a a t w h ic h pl ac e h i s to mb can b e s e e n by e v e ry
,

one ,
a nd is i n d e e d no w o ck e d to on a cc o u nt o f

i ts vi rtu e s And th e ki ng o f w h om th is tal e is

.
,

told is s tyl e d by th e p e o pl e of th a t p a rt o f t h e
,

w orld A s S am uri w h ilst th e t ra di ti on of h is

,
-
,

dis app e aranc e i s v e ry c o mm on th rough o u t th e

p opul at i on gene ra lly of M al ab ar w h e th e r M o sl e ms ,

o r P a g an s ; al th ough th e l atte r w o uld b e l i e v e

th a t h e h as b e e n tak e n u p i nto h e av e n a nd s t ill ,

c onti nu e to e xp e c t hi s d e sc e nt on w h ic h a c ,

c o u nt th e y a ss e mbl e a t C ra nga nore a nd k e e p ,

re a dy th e re w oo d e n s h oe s a nd w ate r} a nd o n a

c e rta i n nigh t of th e y e ar bu rn l amps as a ki nd ,

o f fe s t iva l i n h ono u r o f his m e m ory

, F urth e r i t .
,

i s a p re v a ili ng b e li e f am ongs t t he s e p e o pl e th at ,

S o th at, in cas e o f h is d e s ce nt ta k i g pl
n a ce, he m i gh t n ot

w an t th e se a c co mmo d ti
a ons . T h e w oo d hen s oes ar e p cul i
e ar

t o th e B rah mi n s .
 T O HF U T- U L- M UJA H I DEEN . 57

t he ki ng wh e n the t im e o f h is d e p artu re d re w
,

n ig h m a d e a divisi o n o f h i s ki ng do m a m o ngs t h i s
,

c o mp an i ons givi ng a sh a re to all e xc e p t to th e

, ,

c h i e f w ho a fte rw ards b e c ame th e Z a m ori n a nd ,

w h o a t th is t im e h a d p o ss e ss e d h ims e l f o f th e h ar
b o u r o f C a licu t b e i ng abs e nt at the t im e o f th is
,

d ivisi o n ; a nd w h o w h e n h e a fte rwards a pp e are d

,

i n the ro y a l p res e nc e w as p re s e nte d by th e ki ng

,

wi th a sword s ayi ng , S trik e wi th t his a nd tho u

, ,

s ha l t re ign and h avi ng fa i th fully o bs e rv e d th is

i nj u nc t i o n b e fore a l ong s e as o n ha d e l aps e d h e

, ,

o b ta i ne d p o ss e ssi o n o f th e ci ty o f C a licu t ,

w h e re the Maho me d an e mig rants h ad s e ttl e d ,

a nd w h i th e r m e rc h ant s a nd me n p oss e sse d o f

w e a l th ock e d fro m v ari o us qu arte rs ; fro m the s e
s o u rc e s i ts trad e i nc re a s e d wi th suc h rapidi ty th a t
t h e c i ty b e c a m e g re a tly e nl arge d i n siz e and

i mp ortanc e the re b e i n g c ongre gate d i n C a licu t

,

me n of all nati ons w h e th e r b eli e ve rs or h e re tics

, .

Th e i nc re asi ng a u th or i t y o f th e Z a m or i n a ls o , ,

a m ongs t th e R a ys o f M a lab ar and th e c h i e fta i n s

o f th a t c o u ntry ( th e w h o l e o f w h o m w e re P a g ans ,

a nd p o ss e ss e d o f v ari o us d e gre e s o f a u th ori ty and

p o w e r) b e c a m e m anife s t i n th a t w h ils t th e te r
, ,

ritori e s o f s o m e b e c am e t h e p re y o f oth e rs by ,

m e ans of the a ssis tanc e and c o o p e ra ti on o f the -

Z a mori n and th ro ugh th e bl e ssi ng th a t a tte nd e d

,

h i m fro m t he p ra y e rs o f th e d e c e as e d ki ng
F 2
58 T OH F UT - U L - M U JA H I D E EN .

( w h o h a d j i d h i m to m ak e c onqu e sts) ye t
e n o ne ,

n otw i th s tan di ng t h e terri to ri e s o f h i s d e p e n d a nt s

,

re m a i ne d s e cu re a nd u nm o l e s te d th is p ro c e e d e d

fro m the divi ne bl e ss i ng o f th e P ro p h e t ( o n w h o m

'

b e p e a c e ! ) and fro m t h e i nu e nc e o f th a t re
ligi o n w h i ch ack nowl e dg e s h im as i ts fo u nd e r .

A nd a m o ngs t t h e C h i e fta i n s a b o v e a llud e d to t h e re ,

w e re s om e w h o s e te rri tori e s did no t e xc e e d o ne

p aras ang i n e x te nt w h ils t o th e rs e x e rcis e d rul e
,

o v e r fa r m ore e x ten d e d d o m a i ns S o m e a ga i n h ad.

, ,

a t th e i r c o mm a nd o nly 1 00 s o ldi e rs w h ils t o th e rs .

c o uld b ri ng i nto th e e ld fro m 2 00to 1 00 000me n , ,

a nd s o m e e v e n m o re t h a n th is l a s t n umb e r It .

w as not u nusu al h o w e v e r for c e rta i n c i ti e s to

, ,

m ak e a l e agu e a m o ngs t the ms e lv e s tw o or thre e ,

to g e the r or s o m e tim e s a g re ate r n umb e r h a vi ng

, ,

i n vi e w i n th is al l i a nc e th e i r g e ne ra l s a fe ty ; a nd
no twi th s tandi n g th a t o n e ci ty migh t b e m o re

p ow e rful and c o uld c o mm and m ore me n th an a n

o th e r e t w h e n a l e a gu e o f th is d e sc rip t i o n h ad
, y
o nc e b e e n e nte re d i n to a l th o ug h o cc a si o n a l qu a r
,

r e ls a n d dis a g re e m e nts mig h t o cc ur th e tre a t y ,

o f a mi t y b e tw e e n t h e m w a s n e v e r e n t i re ly d is re

g ard e d N o w a m ongst th o s e w h o p oss e sse d th e

.

gre ate s t nu mb e r o f tr00ps w e re J uro od e e t h e ,

R a y o f Quil o n a nd K u mh a re e a nd o th e rs w h os e
, , ,

c o untri e s l a y b e tw e e n a nd to t h e e a s t o f th o s e
, . ,

t ow ns a nd w h o s e te rri to ri e s w e re o f c o nsid e ra bl e
,
 T O H F U T - CL - M U J A H I D E EN . 59

e x te nt A fte r th e s e c a m e K ol ture e th e R ay o f
.
,

B a bb e e Ma ra w e e a nd th e n th e C h i e fta i ns o f J u
,

r uftun a nd C a nna no re a nd Ak d a d a nd Dur muft un , ,

a nd o t h e rs o f simil a r e x te nt o f t e rri to ry al l of ,

t h e s e b e i ng fa m o us fo r th e i r p o w e r a n d we a l th ;
'

b ut th e m o s t dis ti nguis h e d o f th e m w as the Z a

m ori n c h i ey o wi ng to t he b l e s s e d i nu e nc e o f
,
'

t he re ligi o n o f Isl a mism a nd re sul t i ng fro m t h e

,

re g a rd m an ife s te d by h i m for i ts fo ll o w e rs a nd ,

fro m h is ki nd tre atm e nt o f t h e m ge ne rally b ut ,

p articul arly a s e vi nc e d tow ards th o s e o f the m

w h o w e re s trang e rs a nd i n w an t N o tw ith s tand
.

i ng th at th e p a g ans w o uld h a v e a sc rib e d h i s as

,

c e nd a nc t o th e sw ord p re s e nte d to h i m by th e
y
ki ng b e fo re a llud e d to th is sw ord to th is d ay
, ,

b e i ng i n th e p oss e ssi o n of th e Z a m o ri n p re s e rv e d ,

by h i m wi th gre a t v e ne rat i on and re sp e c t a nd ,

c arri e d by h im w h e ne ve r h e go e s forth to b attl e

o r i n to any gre at a ss e mbly W i th re g ard to the
.

w ars of th is c h i e ftai n wh e ne v e r h e c omm e nc e d

,

h o s t ili ti e s a g a i ns t a ny o f t he i nc onsid e rabl e

c h i e fs o f M al ab ar p rov ok e d to d o s o by any
,

a gg re ssi o n o n th e i r p a rt a fte r subdui ng th e m

, ,

i t w as h i s p ra c t ic e to re tu rn to th e m s o m e p o rti o n
o f th e i r p o ss e ssi ons p ro vid e d h e h ad no t b e e n
,

i rri tate d b e y ond m e as u re ; and th is re s ti tu ti o n ,

a l tho ugh s o m e tim e s d e l ay e d for a l o ng t im e he ,

a lw ays m a d e i n the e nd h e re i n e vi nci ng a p o

,
60 T O H F U T - U L- M UJAH I DEEN .

l i tic re ga rd for the p rej udi ce s and fe e li ngs of the

p e o pl e o f M al ab ar w ho h a ve a gre a t re v e re nc e
,

fo r al l old cus to ms a nd Obs e rv anc e s o f w h ic h th is

,

p re s e rv at i on o f anci e nt right form e d o ne whi c h

w as ne ve r b rok e n th rough e xc e p t on s om e e x tra
,

o rdi nary o cc a si on ; a nd p art icul arly a s to a c t i n

,

th is w ay w as c ontra ry to th e n atu ra l disp os i tion

o f the Z a m ori n w h ic h d i c tate d to h i m i n w ar

,

noth i ng b ut th e d e s truc ti on o f l i v e s and th e d e s o

l a t i on of c o u ntri e s to th e u tm os t e x te nt w h ic h it
,

s ho uld b e i n hi s p owe r to e ffe c t .

62 T O H F U T -
UL M UJ A H I D E E N .

of th e iv al ry o f tho s e tw o gre at c h i efta i ns ; a nd

r

wh ic h w he n i t s h all b e a t an e nd th is dis ti nc ti on
, ,

o f p arty will a ls o c e as e
*
In th e i r w a rs t he y s e l
.

d o m h a v e re c o u rs e to t re a c h e ry b ut xi ng up on a
c e rta i n d ay wi th the i r e ne mi e s w h e n to d e cid e
t h e i r qu arre l by arms t h e y re g ard a ny t re a c h e ro us,

d e p artu re fro m th is e ngage m e nt b oth a s b as e a nd

u nworth y U p o n th e d e ath o f a ny g re at p e rson
.

o r n ear re l a t iv e a s a fath e r o r m o th e r
,
o r e ld e r ,

b roth e r a m on gs t th e B rah mi ns o f M a l ab ar ( com

,

p risi ng c arp e nte rs and p e opl e o f th at d e sc ri p t i on) ,

o r o f a m o th er o r m a te rn a l u ncl e
,
o r e ld e r b ro ,

t he r a m ongs t th e N a i rs a nd th e i r c o nn e c t i o ns
, , ,

t h e me n o f b oth t h e s e c a s te s w ill a bs ta i n for a

w h o l e y e ar fro m a ss oci ati ng wi th wo m e n a nd

fro m e ati ng anim a l food ; du ri ng t h is t im e ,

a ls o n e i th e r s h a vi n g t h e i r h a i r nor c u t ti ng th e i r
, ,

n a ils b ut rigidly e ndu ri ng th e s e a nd s uc h mo rti

,

c ati ons o ut o f re v e re nc e to t he m e m ory o f the

,

d e ad Th e l aws o f i nh e r i ta nc e a mo ngs t th e N a i rs
.
,

A c co r di g n to P liao no , ki g n s of th e rst r an k w e re t h e

S am ur i an d Peromp a d ap il ( the ki g
n of C och in) , w h o w e re

al w y t w wi th
a s a ar e a ch o th e r . T o th e s e c on d r an kb l g d
e on e

th k in g
e f J m s o an u , C o da ng al ar, Purp ur ang ar i, A i r ur, C a nn a

nore, R ap ol un, C aj am col l am, P a rur, &c . Th o s e f t h th i d

o e r

w e re call e d K artta v a, i . e . pi r nc e s or l d s;
or s u ch w e re t he

K a rtta vas of Panamaca tta , C unate ri, Mas s uanan i , &c .

 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D EEN 63

a nd o th e r c as te s a lli e d to th e m m ak e p ro p e rty to
,

d e sc e nd to the b ro th e rs fro m th e m oth e r a nd to ,

t he c h ild re n o f th e i r sis te rs a nd m a te rna l aunts ,

a nd to a ll w h o a re d e sc e n d e d fro m th e m o th e r a nd ,

no t to t h e imm e di a te o ffsp ri ng A n d t h is p e c u
.

l iarity o f e xcludi n g th e imm e di ate o ffsp ri ng h as ,

b e e n a d o p te d by th e gre a te r p art of the Mah ome

d ans o f C a nna no re a nd t ho s e w h o a re d e p e nd e nt
,

o n th e m i n t h e ne igh b o u rh o o d o f th a t pl a c e ;

a l th oug h th e re are no t w a nt i n g a m on g t h e m w h o ,

re a d t h e K o ran t re a su re up i ts m a xims
, a nd
,

s t udy it wi th a pp are nt z e a l b e i ng s e e mi ngly

,

d e si ro us to imp rov e th e ms e lve s by sci e nce and ,

w h o a re re gul ar i n th e p e rfo rm an c e o f re ligi o us

w o rsh ip A m ongs t th e B rah mi ns a nd th e trad e s

.
,

suc h as p a i nte rs a nd c arp e nte rs i ro nsmi ths a nd

, ,

l ab o u re rs ge ne ra lly a nd am ongs t sh e rm e n a nd
,

o th e r c a s te s o f a simi l a r d e sc r ip t i o n i nhe ri ta nc e
,

g oe s t o th e c h ild re n b orn i n m arr i a g e ; b ut a m ongs t

t h e N a i rs t h e re is no suc h c e re m o ny as m a rri age ,

a s tri ng w orn ro u n d th e n e ck o f a w o m an b e i ng

a l l th at giv e s sig n o f h e r m arri a g e ; a nd t h is o nly

b e i ng w orn by h e r wh e n s h e rs t forms suc h

c onne c t i o n for s he afte rw ards th ro ws it off or c on
,

t inue s to w e ar it as h e r pl e a su re o r e xp e di e ncy
,

d ic tate s W i th re g a rd a ls o to the m arri a g e o f

.

t h e B ra h mi ns w he n th e re a re s e ve ra l b ro the rs
,

i n o ne fa mily th e e ld e s t o f th e m a l one e nte rs i nto

,
64 T O H F UT - U L - M UJA H I D EEN .

th e c onj uga l s tate ( e xce p t i n c a se s w he re it is e vi '

d e nt that he will h av e no issu e) th e re m ai nd e r ,

re fra i n i ng fro m marri age i n o rd e r th at h e i rs ma y ,

no t mul tiply to th e c onfusi on of i nh e ri ta nc e, Th e .

y o u nge r b roth e rs h ow e v e r i nte rm arry wi th w o , ,

me n o f th e Nai r c a s te wi thou t e nte ri ng i nto any

c omp a c t wi th the m t h us fo llo wi ng th e cus to m ,

o f t he N a i rs w h o h av e th e ms e lve s no c o nj uga l
,

c o ntra c t In th e e v e nt o f any c h ild re n b e i ng bo rn

.

fro m the s e c onne c ti ons th e y are e xclud e d fro m th e ,

i nh e ri tanc e ; b ut s hould i t app e ar e vid e nt th at th e

e ld e r b ro th e r will not h a v e issu e th e n a noth e r ,

b rothe r th e ne xt to h im in a ge will m arry

, , .

A m ong th e N a i rs a nd the c as te s c onne c te d

wi th the m tw o or fou r me n live wi th one ,

w o man T e ac h of t h e m i n t u rn p as si ng th e nig ht
,

wi th h e r i n th e s am e m anne r as a Ma home d a n
,

Fra P lin ao o re mar k s, th at on th e co a s t o f Mlb a a ar a cus to m

p v il i th
re at t w h i h th
s b zi
n e ca s e o c e ra e rs bl g e on , t h at t he

eld b th l n h uld m y T hi u t
er ro er a o e s o arr . s c s o m is n o t res tri ct e d
t th b z i
o b t xt d t th B h mi
e ra e rs , u e en s o e ra n s an d ot h e r s.

1

Th i s cu st o lt ll mth (wh i ch Dr For st er
.

s tran s a or ca s e

v g f th N i w m ) D F t th ink m y p h p

w oA ta o e ar o en ,
r. o s er s a er a s

m
ca us e m l t b b gh t i t th w ld d th
or e a es pply o e ro u n o e or , an us s u

th h k t p p l ti
e c ec w hi h F P lin i f Op ini t k
o o u a on c ra ao o s o on a es

pl in Indi f m th f ll wing
ace 1 t Tha, m ll p
ro e o o ca u ses : s . e s a ox

2 d P lyg my
. 3 d C nti n l w
o a nd v l uti ; 4 th Th . o ua ar s a re o on s . e

opp i n f l re ss o o r u e rs .
 T O H F U T- U L - M UJA H IDEEN . 65

divid e s his c are ss e s a mongs t hi s wive s ; and i t is

s e ld o m th at a ny h o s t ili ty or dis agre e m e nt tak e s
pl a c e b e twe e n t he me n i n c onse qu e nc e o f th is ,

th e i r p o sse ssi o n i n c o mm on of th e s am e fe m a l e .

Th e c arp e nte rs a nd i ronsmi th s a nd p a i nte rs and

, , ,

o th e rs o f th e i r d e sc ri p ti on fo ll o wi ng th e m i n t h is ,

cus to m c oh ab it tw o o r m ore toge ther wi th o ne

,

wo m an b ut not u nl e ss t h e y a re b roth e rs or in s o m e
,

way re late d l e st c onfusi on s h ould e nsu e i n th e

,

i nh e ri tanc e o f p ro p ert y Th e N a i rs h ave the i r .

b od ie s for the m o s t p art e xp o s e d w e ari ng o nly a ,

c o ve ring arou nd the i r middl e s In th is cus to m .

,

bo th me n and w o m e n and ki ngs and nobl e s , ,

wi tho u t e xc e p tion agre e N e i the r d o the y c onc e a l

, .

the i r w o m e n fro m th e sigh t o f a ny one ; for wh ils t

t he fe m a l e s of the B ra hmi n cas te are k e p t v e il e d

fro m sight th e N ai rs a d orn th e ir wo m e n wi th

,

j e we ls and ne cl o the s and b ri ng th e m o ut i nto ,

th e i r gre at a ss e mbli e s for th e me n to b e ho ld and ,

ad mi re Touc h i ng the l a ws o f succ es s io n to the

"

so ve re ig nty none b ut th e e ld e s t o f th e akh uns o r

, ,

s ons of mate rnal u ncl e s c an succ ee d ; a l th ough ,

th i s the rs t b orn s h o uld b e dumb o r b e sotte d

-
,

Mul ie res i
c r ca cura m ca p i ti s ma lt
ee s unt . Cri ne s di u p e xos
co n ci nn a to s q ue in su mmo ci rc u mlig an t v i tta g e mmi s a uroq ue

di s tincta, rel i
q ui cor p i or s o rnatus mini me l as ci v as.

- Maffe ii
Hi i
s tor a, l ib v i p
. . . 111 .
66 T O H FU T U L M UJ A H ID E L N

- -
.

in i nte lle c t or bli nd or i nc omp e te nt No tw ith

, , .

s ta ndi ng th is l aw i t h a s ne v e r b e e n h e ard o f th at
, ,

an o f th e a kh uns h a s e v e r c onspi re d a g a i ns t an
y y
o ne of h is e ld e r b re th re n i n o rd e r to cl e a r t he w a
y
fo r h l S o w n m ore sp e e dy a cc e ssi on In th e e v e nt .

o f th e fa ilu re o f righ tful h e i rs or o f a n sc a rci ty o f

y ,

th e m th e y m ak e c h o ic e o f a s tra nge r ( p ro vid e d

,

h e b e a p e rs on a dv an c e d i n a ge ) to succ e e d i n ,

s te a d of t he s on or b roth e r or ne p h e w ; a nd a fte r
, ,

th is a do p t i o n t h e y m a k e no dis t inc t i on b e tw e e n

h i m a nd a l awful h e i r And th is cus to m p re v a ils .

w ith al l th e p ag ans o f M a l ab ar w h e the r in th e ,

succ e ssi on to ki ngd o ms a nd h igh digni ti e s o r to ,

th e m os t i nc onsid e ra bl e p a trim on i e s ; a p e rp e

t ui ty of h e i rs b e i ng th us s e cu re d to th e m Th e .

N a i rs are subj e c t to tro ubl e s wi th o u t e nd w h ic h ,

B u chanan h as p th
r e m ar kd e , th a t t o a E u ro ean e s u cce s

i
s on m g th M l b
a on hi f e pp v y xt di y
a a ar c e s a e ar s er e ra o r n ar ,

i t i g th S h k y f m ily i w h i h th m l
n s an c n e e ur ll d
a ,
n c e a es ar e ca e

A h c un s , nd n va m y T h i t i tl
e er h w v pp n t
arr . s e, o e er, a e ar s o

d t th m l f th i f mily ly A ll th f m l
co n n e q e a es o s a on . e e a e s ar e

ca ll d N i t
e wh
a r e ars ,m l ff p i g b m A hose O a e o s r n e co e c un s . n

th d th
e ea f t h Sh k y h
o y t h E ll R j h
e e urd t , e sa s, e ea a a s ucce e s o

t h h i gh t d i g i ty
e es d h i f i
n Rj hgt tp d
, an e ac n e r or a a e s a s e , an

th e eld t ti tl d A h b m F ip t m
es , en e M ff i
c un , e co es er u a ur a . a e us o n

th i s ,
bj t D m t
su ec : gi lii m x im n tu i d
e or uo
'

re , e s a us a s n e

i t l ib i ( q d i t nt
s n er mt b p
uo n um t) p ximu
a a uxor u ur a e rrar es ro s

e re g i ti p a s di t
r Lib v i p 1 18
e s ucce .

-
. .

. .
 T O H F U T -U L - M UJA H I D EEN . 67

the y p ati e ntly end ure fro m th e i r divisi on in ,

ca s te s c o u ntl e ss i n n umb e r o f h igh l ow and

, , , ,

a l l i nte rm e di a te d eg ree s : fo r i f i t h a ppen th at ,

o ne o f h ig h s hall c o m e i n c o n ta c t wi th o ne o f i n
'

fe rior c a s te o r a pp roa c h h im ne a re r t han t he dis

' '

tan c e p re scrib e d fo r h i m i n h is i nte rc o u rs e wi th i a

ferio rs i t b e c o m e s ne c e ss a ry th at h e b athe h ims e lf

, ,

i t b ei ng u nl a wful fo r hi m to e at b e fo re t h is a blu
t i o n ; b e c a us e s h o uld h e n e gl e c t t h is pu ri c a t i on
, ,

h e w o u l d b e d e g ra d e d fro m h i s c a s te a nd c ould ,

ne v e r a fte rw a rds b e a dmi tte d i nto a ny b ut t h e

l o we s t grad e Ind e e d h e s e ld o m nds s e cu ri ty

.
, ,

e xc e p t i n yi ng to s o m e pl a c e w h e re h i s d e gra d a
'

t i on a nd th e c a us e o f i t s h a l l be u nk now n o th e r
'

, ,

wis e th e he ad m a gis trate o f th e d is tric t to w h ic h

-

h e b e l ong e d w o uld p ro b a bly s e iz e h im a nd s e ll hi m

a s a sl a v e t o o n e o f a n i nfe r i or rank b e i ng e ve n ,

i ndi ffe re nt w h e th e r h is pu rc h a s e r b e a b oy o r a '

w o m an S om e tim e s one th us si tu a te d will c om e

}
,

A d ul te y l w rding t P l in p uni h d w i th
a so as , a cc or o ao o, s e

th is p n l ty I f w m n w gu il ty f i t h l t h y
e a . a o a as o , s e os , e sa s,

th pe g ti v f h
r e ro at nd w
e o ld l ert m ca s e , a as so as a s av e o so e

f i gne w h th C h i ti n J w dd

ore r, e M h m t n H
er r s a ,
e , or a o e a . e a s,

t h t th i w
a th s i n p ti ul
as w i t h th
e ca s e , l b t d w if f ar c a r, e ce e ra e e o

a B h mi n t All ng t w h h d b n d g d d nd ld nd
ra a a a a, o a ee e ra e a so , a

wh wo ft w d b p t i z d by t h B i h p f Ar p l i n
as a er ar s a e e s o o eo o s i

Mlb a a M ff i u has
ar . d i n y ing D p h n um d ul
a e s e r re sa , e re e s a

t i um
er
q u vi i faem i n pei t l ui t u
r W aci t h lf
e ae, c a e r .

e re so, a

th e co untr y w uld b d p p l t d
o e e o u a e .
68 T O H F U T - U L- M U J A H I D E EN .

o ve r to us and e mb ra c e Isl amism or will turn

, ,

*
Y o ge e ( o r re ligi o us m e nd ic ant) o r C hris ti an , .

U p on th e s am e p ri ncipl e of j e a l o us re stric ti on one ,

o f h igh c as te c anno t p art a k e o f foo d w h ic h h as

b e e n p re p are d by o ne o f l ow e r gra d e ; for sh ould

h e d o so h e h as only th e al te rnat iv e a bo v e me n
,

t ioned Th o s e w h o w e ar th e s tri ng c arry i ng th is

.

b ad ge o f cas te aro u nd the i r ne cks and to wh om ,

th e se re s tri c t i on s a pply are th e h igh es t o f al l th e ,

p a ga ns o f M a l ab ar B ut th e s e a gai n are divid e d .

, ,

i nto cl as s e s w h ic h are b o th of h igh l ow and a l l

, , ,

i nte rm e di ate d e gre e s ; th e B rah mi ns w h o a ls o ,

a re o f v ari o us gra d e s ranki ng a bo v e a l l A fte r ,

.

t h e m c o m e th e N a i rs w ho are t h e s oldi e rs o f M a ,

l ab ar and w ho are v e ry num e ro us and p oss e sse d

,

o f gre at po w e r : o f th e m a ls o t h e re are di ffe re nt

cl ass e s fro m the h igh e s t to th e l ow e s t

, Th e n t he .

cul t iv ators and s h anars 1 th e occup ati on o f the ,

'

l atte r b e i ng to climb th e c o c o a nu t t re e s gath e r -

,

th e fru i t a nd e x tra c t th e j uic e fro m i ts b ra nc h e s

, ,

P l in b pti z d h t ll
ao o B h mi n w m n t E d
a e , e e s us, a ra o a a a

pull i wh h d b n g il ty f d lt y
o a Wh I k d ee u o a u er . en as e ,

said h w hy h
e, wi h d t mb th R m C th li
s e s e o e ra ce e o an a o c

l i gi
re h onpli d Iuik d h m ni p i th t i
s e re e , a os a va ca o a s,

Ih v b a guilty f in H xpl n ti w ul d m
e ee n o a s . er e a a on o s ee

t p yb t
o a q i v l ki nd f mpl im nt t th
u an e u d f th o ca o co e o e cr ee o e

g d C m li t f th
oo ar e e a er .

1 Th t
es ef M l b wh
ar e mpl ym nt i t i t
a cas e o a a ar s ose e o e s o

g th b t l l f x t t t ddy &
a er e e - ea , e ra c o , c .
 70 T O H F U T - U L- M UJAH I DEEN .

N a i r w o m e n wi tho u t b e i ng subj e c te d to this p e

n a l ty ; t h is e x e mp t i on i n th e i r fa vo u r a risi ng fro m

t h e l aw th a t e xis ts a m ongs t th e m wi th re gard to

th e m arri a g e o f th e e ld erb roth e r only th e y o u nge r ,

.

o ne s b e i ng th us d rive n to c onne c t th e mse lve s

wi t h N a i r w om e n Fu rth e r to h o w m any m o re
.
,

t ro ubl e s o m e and u nm e a n i n g us ag e s o f t h is nat u re

d o th e y foo lis h ly submi t th e mse lv e s th us mul ti ,

plyi ng v e x at i ons ! Th e m e nti on h owe ve r o f the i r , ,

c us to ms th at h as a l re a dy b e e n m a d e wo uld h ardly ,

h av e b e e n c o nsis te nt wi th d e c e ncy o r i nd e e d wi th ,

j us tic e h ad i t not a pp e are d i ndisp e ns abl e for the

,

t ru e u nd e rs tandi ng o f w h at foll ows i n th e s e p ag e s

b ut t o re tu rn to o ur re l a t i on S h e rif Eb n M a lik .
- -
,

a nd M a lik B e n Dee nar- - and Hub e e b B e n M alik - -

, ,

a nd t h e i r c o mp an i ons of w h o m m e n t i o n h as
,

b ee n a l re a dy m a d e o n th e ir rs t s e ttli ng i n
'

Mal ab ar by buildi ng m o squ e s i n th e p orts ab ove

,

m e nti one d a nd diss e mi na ti ng th ro ugh out the

,

a dj a c e n t c o un try th e M a ho me d a n re ligi o n ra
g ,

du a lly b ro ugh t ov e r t he i nh abi tants to Isl a mism ,

w h ils t m e rc h ants fro m v ari ous p a rts fre q ue nte d

th os e p orts T h e c o ns e q u e n c e w a s th a t ne w
.
,

ci t i e s S p rang u p ; a nd a m o ngs t th e numb e r o f

t h e s e m ay b e n am e d rs t C a licu t B al e e nk ot
. , , , ,

a nd Trav a nk ad ; t h e n Ta moor T im a n
, a nd P 00 , ,

ra n g ar ; a fte r th e s e P uri noo r ; a nd i n t h e ne ig h .

b o urh o o d o f S h ale e a t Kah k a t and T urkore e a nd

, , ,
 T O H F U T- U L - M U JA H I D E EN . 71

th e o th e r t o w ns aro u nd Fund ree ah , a nd C an

na no re , a nd Adkh at , a nd Tra vi nk a r, a nd Me ile e ,

and C hu np a ; i n th e vici ni ty o f Durm uftu n a ls o , ,

a nd to th e so u th o f i t B ud uftun a nd N az oo urum
, ;
a nd to th e s o u th o f th e m C ra ng anore a nd C o c h i n
, ,

a nd B e i t a nd B al e e r um b e sid e s o th e r s e a p ort
,
-

to w ns .N ow i n al l th e s e th e p o pul ati on b e c a m e
muc h i nc re a s e d a nd th e n umb e r o f buildi ngs
,

e nl arg e d by m e an s o f th e trad e c a rri e d on by

,

t h e M ah ome d a ns to w a rds w ho m th e C h i e fta i ns

,

o f t h o s e pl a c e s a bs ta i ne d fro m a l l Opp re ssi o n ;

a nd , notwi th s ta ndi ng t h a t t h e s e rul e rs a nd th e i r

troo ps w e re a l l p a g ans th e y p aid muc h re ga rd

,

to th e i r p rej udic e s a nd cus to ms a nd a v o id e d

,

an a c t o f a gg re ssi o n o n th e Mah o me d a ns ex
y ,

c e p t o n s om e e x trao rdi nary p ro v oc a ti on ; t h is

a mic abl e foot i ng b e i ng t he m ore re m ark abl e ,

fro m th e ci rc u ms ta nc e o f th e M ah o me d a ns no t
formi ng a te nth p a rt o f the p opul ati on N ow th e .

s e a p orts o f M a l ab ar fro m t he e arli e s t t im e s h av e

-
, ,

p oss e ss e d i mp ortanc e ; am ongs t the m o s t c e nsi

d e rab le o f w h ic h t he p ort o f C a licu t form e rly
ra nk e d ; th o ug h it h as no w b e c o m e muc h dimi

ni s h e d i n p o w e r a n d w e a l th i n c ons e qu e nc e o f th e
,

a rriv a l o f t he F ra nks i n M a l a b ar a nd th e h in ,

d e ranc e o ffe re d by th e m to th e trad e a nd co m

me rc i al pu rsui ts o f its i nh abi tants Th e Ma ho me .

dans o f M a l abar ho we v e r h avi ng no e mi r a m ongs t

, ,

e
72 TO H F U T - U L- M UJA H I D E EN .

the m po ss e ss e d o f su fci e nt p ow e r and auth ori ty

t o g o v e rn th e m a re c o ns e qu e ntly u nd e r t h e r ul e
,

o f t h e p a ga n C h i e fta i n s w h o fa i th fully g u ar d th e i r
,

i nte re s t s a nd d e cid e b e tw e e n th e m b e sid e s g rant ,

i ng to th e m a dv antag eo u s p rivil e g e s ; a n d s h ould

an
y M ah o me d a n subj e c t h ims e lf t o th e pu n is h

m e nt of ne by th e m notwi th s tand i ng h is d e lin

,

qu e ne y o r a ny o th e r p ro vo c at i on th e i r tre a t
, ,

m e nt to the fa i th ful as a b ody c onti nu e s ki nd

, ,

a nd re sp e c tful , b e c ause to th e m the y ow e th e i n

c re as e of tow ns i n th e i r c o u ntry th e s e h avi n g ,

sp ru ng up fro m th e re sid e nc e o f t he fa i th ful

a mo ngs t th e m a n d fro m th e i r c ere m o n i ous o h
,

s e rv ati on o f F rid a y and of th e fe s tiv a ls a n d ,

fro m th e i r a pp o i nt i ng s ac re d s e as ons for p ra y e r ,

a n d fo r th e d ue p e rfo rm a n c e o f t h e divi ne du t i e s

a m o ngs t t h e m . For t h e M ah om e d an s d o no t
p e rmi t th e p rofanati on o f Fr id ay ; h e w h o p ro
fane s it subj e c ti ng h ims e lf i n th e gre a te r p a rt
,

o f t h e c o u n tri e s o f M a l ab a r to n e a n d p u nis h
,

m e nt If a Mah o me d an s ha ll h av e c o mmi tte d a

.

c rim e worth y o f d e ath a nd w h ic h by the l aws of

, ,

th e i nh a bi ta nt s o f t h e c o u n try is c on sid e re d c a pi ta l ,

h avi ng rs t ob ta i ne d t h e a ss e n t of t h e p ri ncip a l
Mah ome d ans t h e p a gan s p ut h i m to d e a th a nd
, ,

a fte r h i s e x e cu t i on d e liv e r hi s b ody o v e r t o h i s b re

th re n ; w h o h avi n g w as h e d i t a nd pl a c e d i t i n a
,

c offi n offe r up o ve r i t th e p ray e r for th e d e ad and

, ,
 T O H F U T - U L- MUJA H I D E EN . 73

a fte rw ards giv e i t bu ri al a m ongs t the d e ad of the i r

s e c t : b ut w he n a p a ga n h as b e e n c o nd e m ne d to
d ie h a vi ng p ut h i m to d e a th and gibb e te d h im
, ,

th e y l e a v e h i s b o dy to b e d e vo u re d by d o gs a nd

j ack als R e gardi ng th e imp os ts o f the c h i e fs o f

.

M al a b ar th e y e x a c t a te nth p art up on al l art icl e s o f

,

m e rc h andiz e ; th e y l e vy p e nal ti e s a nd d e o d ands ,

a ls o w h e n an o n e h as subj e c te d h ims e lf to th e m
, y .

Now the y d e m an d no l an d ta x fro m th e te nants o f

,
-

th e l a nds and g a rd e ns al th ough th e y are o f g re a t

,

e x te nt ; th e y re fra i n a ls o fro m e nter i ng th e h o us e s

o f th e Mah o me d a ns wi th ou t th e i r p ermissi o n On .

th e o cc asi on o f a M a h ome d an b e i ng guil ty o f a ny

c rim e o r of i nj u ri ng th e p e rson o f anoth e r fe l o

,

nious l y th e c h i e f o f th e p a g ans c a lls up o n h i s

,

b re thre n to d riv e h im out fro m a m ongs t t he m ,

a nd to d e g rad e hi m a nd b r i ng hi m t o pu n is h m e n t .

La s tly th e N a i rs d o no t m o l e s t th e i r c o u ntrym e n
,

w h o h a v e abj u re d id o l atry a nd c o m e o v e r to th e
Mah ome d an re ligi on nor e nd e av o u r to i ntimid ate
,

t h e m by thre a ts b ut tre a t th e m wi th th e s am e
,

c onsid e rati on a nd re sp e c t th at th e y e vi nc e to
w ards a ll o th e r Mah ome d ans a l th ough the p e rs ons ,

w h o h a ve th us a p o s tat iz e d b e o f th e l o w e s t g ra d e .

In s hort i n c ons e q u e nc e o f th e fri e ndly t re a tm e nt

,

th a t th e y u niformly e xp e r i e nc e d fro m t h e s e p e opl e ,

t h e Ma ho me d an m e rc h ants i n a nci e nt t im e s w e re

i nduc e d to c om e am ongs t a nd a ss oc ia te wi th the m

, .

G 2
74 T O H F U T - U L- MUJAH IDEEN .

C H A P TE R IV .

B e i ng an Accou n t o
f th e Arr i va l o
f the F r a n ks i n Ill a

l a ba r , a nd o
f th ei r v i lla i nou s P roce ed i ng s i n th a t

C ou ntry . An d th is Ch ap ter i s di vide d i n to S ecti on s .

S E CT I ON I .

Rela ting the rst App ea r a nce o h F r a n/cs i n M a la ba r , the Oc

f t e

cur rence
of H os ti l ities betwee n them a nd the a mor i n, a nd thei r Z
bu ildi ng Fortifica ti ons
at Ca nna nore ; l
a s o, thei r S eiz ure a nd

Occupa ti on o
f the Ha rbour qf Goa .

Now , th e ye ar in w h ic h th e F ranks rs t visi te d

M al abar w as t he 9 04 th of th e H ej i ra *
whe n ,

M a ffe i us gi v es th e fo ll w i g i
o n n te r e s t n i g a cc ou nt of th e

dp
e art ur e o f V as co de G a mma an d his co mr a d f es ro m Li b
s on ,

on t h e 7 th J ly 1 4 97
of u : A c q u am di u l aeti s d e mo r e v o ci b u s ,

ac v i tym p
ar o mt an or u ub ar um
q u e c o n ce nt u a nch o ra s m o li un
t ur , d t ru p di
en e s ex e un t, e t re l i
qu a mun er a ce rta t i m o b e un t

na utm, mir am h il ari tat e m v ul t u p r ae s e tu t li G a mm a s o ci i

q ue .

A st ub i s ol u ti s an ch o r s , i a c s ub l at i s
j am ante nni s , u l tim um

si gnum p f ro e ct i on i s i n s on u i t, t um v ero mu tu o c on s p e ct u

p t im int g
ar e r ates , p ar t i m coo r tes o mn ib us l acr y m ae, ne e mo d us

fui t qu d
, oa v eh e B
m e nt i o r or e a s na v es in a ltum p v ro ectas , e x

oc uli s ab s tul it .

Li b i p . . 20.
 T O H F UT- UL- M UJA HI DEEN . 75

t h ree o f th e i r v e ss e ls h a vi ng , to w ards th e cl o s e
of th e Indi an an c h o re d o ff Fund re e ah xl '

a p a rty fro m o n b oard l e ft th e s h ips and , p ro

ce e d e d by l a nd to C al icu t . At th is ci ty t he y

L ng tim h d A f i i nt p ing m un d
o e a r c s

er os o ,

S t t h i n g th w t th N v i g t s w y
re c a ar e a a or

a ,

F n d th
e c i h t n d nt th dv ntu

e r c b k e as , a se e a e rer s

ar

D p i i ng h m
es a r wh l n d h in th w v o e , or e r

er e a e s.

G a b ld di v y b t
ma, th e rs t, on o s co er en .

H i t i l F gm t C mb l d s o r ca ra en u er a n .

A t h S h i k h th
s gh t hi w k di ti gui h th
e e ,
rou ou s or , s n s es e

w t n m
e s er by th t m J u l al
on s oo n th dy f e er or, e a s o
r
a
i i t i p b bl th t by 4 6
r a n,

s ro th
a I di e a 3
- o r,
a
e n an

m th i th y i n w h i h th

s e as o n, h m th e e an s ose on s n e e ar c e

p t fMlb
or s o lly f q t d i f m O t b t
a a ar ar e u s ua re ue n e , v z . ro c o er o

A p il M ff i
r . p k i g f th t im f th i i v l p th
a e us, s ea n o e e o e r arr a u on e

Mlb a a t ar y J li i
coa s t ,
O l i ip sa l s nt ; u o n e un e s o ne s o uer a

m ibens f m d i m i i ti
us i
er m p ti e un i M ii ec n ne r e ns u s, c r ca a ex

i t m i I di m d f t
u n n H dd ft w d
a h y mi
e e r un u r .

e a s a er ar s, e s

e rat i iti m B y th b gi ni g f w i t w ill b und

n u .

e e n n o n er , e er

t
s oo d th tti g i f th S W m
e se n w hi h t k
n o pl e . . on s oo n , c a es a ce

u s ua lly i M l b t w d th d f M y H mil t gi v
n a a ar o ar s e en o a . a on es

th 1 8 th f M y 1 4 9 8
e o th d t f th a i v l f th P as e a e o e arr a o e or

t g
u t C li
ue s e t d p b bly
a th a t h i ty
cu ,
f F i y
an ro a on e au or o ar a -

S z w h y th t D G mm l ft Li b
ou a, o sa s t h 8 th f J ly
a e a a e s on on e o u

1 4 97 , h d M li d
re ac th Af i
e t e t h 1 1 th f
n a on e r can coa s on e o

M h d C l i t th 20th J ly 1 4 9 8
ar c , an a cu on e u .

1 A di g t O i
cco r d th nD G mm t n h
o d
s or us a n o er s , e a a rs a c o re

at pl
a b t t w l g f m C l i ut w h i h m t h v
a ce a ou o ea ue s ro a c , c us a e

b n th p t h n m d F und h
ee e or er e a e r ee a .
76 T O H F U T- U L - M UJA H I DEEN .

re m ai ne d for s om e m onth s e mpl oyi ng th e ms e lv e s ,

i n ga th e ri ng i nfo rm a ti on o f th e s tatis tics a n d c o n

d i ti o n o f th e s e v e ra l c o u ntri e s o f Mal ab a r ; i
b ut ae
,

o n th is o cc a si o n t h e y a bs ta i ne d fro m e ng a gi n g i n
,

t ra d e a nd a t t h e e xpi ra t i on o f th e a b o v e p e r i od
,

r e t u rne d t o th e i r o w n c o u ntry i n Eu ro e l A d L
n

p .

A hI h m d n m h nt n m d M n i d w h p k
a o e a erc a a e o z a a, o s o e

S p ni h i d ib d by th P t ugu h i t i n
a s , s e s cr h v i ng
e e or ese s or a s as a

att h d h i m lf t
ac e D G mm f m n dm i ti n f hi
se o e a a ro a a ra o o s

ch t
ara c e r, nd ff d d him th m t i m p t nt
a a orvi by e e os or a s er ce s ,

g i v i ng hi m ful l d i p t i n f th
a l im t u t m nd
e s cr
p o o e c a e, c s o s, a ro

d u cti o n s Ml b of a a ar .

Th j l ey f th
e a ou s o e M ah omed an s to w ar d s th e P o rt u gu ese

t h u s ear ly v i d i t lf
e n ce se ,
for w e l e arn fro m th e h i i
s to r an s o f th e

l tt
a ti
er n a th t i q
on , f th i a th
n co n se u e n ce o e r e

Z m i w i d dt i
a or n as v f D G mm p ty d
n u ce o se z e se en o e a a s

ar , an

p i ti g i d t i i g th m th t vi g t by w y f p i l
e rs s n n e a n n e , a na a o r, a o re r sa ,

m d p i
a e f tw ty p h m
r so n e r s o F i y S h en oor s er en. ar a - -
o u sa as

no t m ti d th x t d t f th t u n f thi t xp di
en one e e ac a e o e re r o s rs e e

ti ont Li b ; o di g t M ff i h w v i t w
s on a cc o r S p n o a e us, o e er, as e

t mb i m
e ri mi ll im i q d i g t imi
en s e a nn g imi es ua r n en e s n o na es

i Of
n on . h

d d d ixty w h t i l wi th D
on e un re an s - ve o se sa e

G mm f m Li b
a a ly i x ty v t d th l tt h i t i
ro s o n, on s e e r r e ur n e , e a er s o r an

t lli g
e nth t b t
u s, h d d f ll v i t i m t di
a a ou d th a un re e c s o se as e s a n e

f ti g
a f th v y g
ue s o m g t th e w o P l d G mm
a e a on s es e as au o e a a,

th b th
e fV
ro er o as co .

l '! Sp e ci e l g ti i p l
e a on s e x or ab u nd u m p iratam a d v e n s se , i ac

n ul a l p ro v o ca t m i j
u i q n ur a u ac u n
qu e it er h ab u eri t m ar e i n
fe s t um r e ddi di s s e l a tro cinii s, e m p ri o a caedi b us, ra
p ini s q ue

v a s ta s s e .

Li b i p . . . 28 .
78 T O H F U T - U L- M U J A H I D E EN

rs t app e aranc e a s e c ond p art y o f Franks a rriv e d ,

"6

i n a e e t o f six v e ss e ls w h ic h h a vi ng a nc h o re d , ,

g v ra ate s e in co ll q i
o u um d dit
e . In e o co ll q i o u o qu um p a x et
a i i
m ci t a c e rt s i l e g ib u s c o nv e ni s s e t, d m es in b
ur e Lu s it an i s

a d d i v ers an dum a c n e g o ti an du m b ig en n e a t tr i but es

j a m qu e
L u it s an a gz a a e xp o s i ta et cur at ori b u s ad co mm uta ti o n e m
r er u m a C ap r al e i n s ti tuti s , ad mir ab i li s e cur i ta t e s a ce r d o te s

Ev g l i an e o, r el i
q ui mer cimoni o d ab ant o p e ra m .
"
M affeii
Hi t s o ri a, l ib . 11 .
p 3 15
. .

De S uzo a h as e rr e di n s ta t n i g th a t V a s co de G a mm a co m
mand e d on th i s s e co n d o cc as i on , a s M a ffe i us i n m ent i on ing th e
,

a pp i o nt me nt of P e tr u s A l v ari us C ap ral i s t o th e co mm an d of

th i s e x p di t ie on, e xp re s s ly s ta t e s , th a t it w a s o ut o f con s id e

r at o n i for D e G a mma

s b k ro en h e a th l . Gam m ae i nt eri m re qi u e

ex l g
on a d e fatig ati one co n ce s sa .

-
Li b ii p 3 0. . . .

Th i s i s th e e xp di ti
P d Al v z d C b l w h i e on o f e ro ar e e a ra ,
o s

d ib d by M ff i
e s cr e Cl q g a vi t t i
e us a s ar o ae ue en er e a c r u e v r,

an d wh i h w d pthdi
c qas f th es p t gi v a c e n co n s e u e n ce o e re or en

by D G mm d hi m d f th i h f I di H t
e a a an s co ra es o e r c es o n a . e se

sa il f m P t g l i th y 1 5 00 i
ro or u mm d f th i t
a n e e ar ,
n co an o r e en

shi p q s, lv i m g it di u ae t h mi a m f q e ti t a n u ne , e o nu re u en a, e

m
o n er u ti m t i h d xigaes L it i g i Op
a on e , t au e ua s us an re n es, e

pi i di
co t
as O f th v l h w v f w h i h th
n car e n .

ese e s s e s, o e e r, o c e

hi t i
s or anh p k w i th m h ti l p i d h lf ly
ere s ea s so uc na on a r e, a on ,

f m ro i f t m
a s ucce s s on d th mi f t w
o d s or s an o er s or un e s , ere es

ti dt
ne h I di It C p l i
o r e ac t d im n i m a m. a a ra s e re ec nav u nu er o,

m cu du t t
s ex q l i d b il it ti d M mb i
n axa us ue a ce r s ac e a s a os a

m cu i t Li b i i p 3 4
a cce s s . . . . 1.

M ff i t t
a th mb
e us s a es f gh ti g m b d th i et
e nu er o n en on o ar s e

at ft ; D S z t tw lv h d d m gst w h m h y
e en e ou a a e e un re a on o ,
e sa s,

w e i gh t F
er e i fi Th i n t ti n g i v
ran c s ca n t th i r ars . e s r uc o s en o e r

l d ea er
 T O H F U T -U L - M UJ A H ID E EN . 1 9

o ff Calicu t the y l and e d a t th at p ort and a ssum

, ,

i ng th e c h ara c te r o f tra d e rs b e g an to e ng ag e
i n c o mm e rc e B ut no l ong t im e h ad e l a ps e d
.

b e fo re th e y e nd e a vou re d to p ersu ad e th e a ge nts

o f th e Z a m o ri n to p roh ibi t th e Maho me dans
fro m e ngagi ng i n the tra d e of th e c o u ntry and ,

fro m m aki ng v oy a ge s to th e p orts of A ra bi a ,

s ayi ng to th e m th e a dv a nta g e s t h a t y o u will

,

d e riv e fro m a c o mm erci a l i nt e rc o u rs e wi th us

will g re atly e xc e e d a ny th a t th e y c an afford
ou In th e s a m e spi ri t a ls o t h e s e F ra nks
y .

p ro c e e d e d to tre sp a ss o n t h e p rop e rty o f th e Ma

h ome d a ns and to o pp re ss th e i r c omm e rc e
,
*
N ow .
,

l d
ea pp v y xpl i it ; th l tt h i t i i f mi g
er a e ar er e c e a er s o r an n or n us

th t i a bt n suth y w t b gi by p
s an c e hi g e d i f th t
er e

o e n re ac n , an a

f il d t p
a e d t th d i i f th w d M ff i
, o ro ce e o e ec s on o e s or .

a e us

a dmi t l ik w i th t C b l w
s, e mm d d
se, a m m a ra as co an e , cu e

f i i C h i ti h tib m m b ll
ar s
j t r s p i q i p
os t us m us u u ue s us c er e e u ,

p v i d d th Z m in h ld f
ro e e p ti f th w g
a or s ou r e us e re ar a on or e r on s

su ff d by D G mm T h
er e l i ti l h i f f th xp d i
e a a. e e cc e s a s ca c e o e e e

ti on w g gi p i d t q th l g H i F
as e re e us o c us ue eo o us, e nr c u s ran

wh w
S i s can us t p ti m d p di d m th i i
o a s s en ar a rae can u e n c s

v g li m p ti m d C h i ti
e an e u ,
m mi mar
p a d r s an or u a os r o curan os.

Lib ii p 2 9 . . . .

Th P t gu e u t f th i m t t
or u d i ff m t i lly
es e acco n s o s a er er a er a

f m th h gi v n by
ro os e th
ere A ft m nti ni g th
e o ur au or . er e o n e

h p i t bl
os pti by th Z m
a e r ece f D G mm on n d hi me a ori n o e a a a s co

p ni n M ff i
a o s, y Hi a b t t
e us s a t mp l s ul g ti s re us , u ,
ex e o v a s

m
cu t i m t t um S
cas e r ni p ip
erca ore stq A b ara ce rte c ue a ue ra es

magno p e re
 80 T O H F U T - U L- MUJAH I DEEN .

in c ons e qu e nc e o f th is c onduc t o n th e p art of the

F ranks th e Z a m ori n h avi ng re so lve d u p on th e ir
,

d e s tru c ti o n h e a tta ck e d th e m and p ut to d e ath

,

six ty or s e ve n t y me n of th e i r p arty th e re s t
*
,

mag n op er e co mm o v ent ur, ac

p ree ter ca pi t l a e in C h i ti
r s an os

o di um , r a t e t am, i i q d uo re s e ra t, q u an tu m a d Lu si ta norum co m
m e r ci a a c ce d e re t , tant um d e s ui s l ne r s i i mmin u i, et si p rae v al i
d u s m an cep s i n ea m n e g o ti ati o n e m se i nte rp one r e t, nihi l ib is

a d q u ae s t um ct n a v i g at i o n e m l ioc r e l i ct u m i ri ; in s ti t utam

et coa l e s ce n te m n o v am s o ci e ta te m o mn i c on at a di im r ere

in s ti t uun t Li b .

. i p . . 28 .

Th at an e ar ly
l j l y h ld h v b
an d m utu a
t e a o us s ou a e e en e n e r

t i
a ne d by th M h m d d P tu g
e a f o th e ian s a n or ue s e o one an o er s

t
n a ur a l f w h w i t v k wn th t
or en b dy f i t
as e er no a on e o o n ru

d ld p ti tl y d th p
er s c o u a en f th en t
ur e e re s e n c e o an o e r, o r c o n se n

to a di v i i f th p il w hi h th y h d b f vi w d
s on o ose s o s, c e a e or e e e as

e x l i v ly th i w ! D S z d O i l m k th
c us e e r o n e ou a an so r u s a so a e e

t gg i t h v b
rs a r e s s on th p t f th M h m d
o a e ee n on e ar o e a o e an s

o f M wh th y
e c ca, y t ly di d ll in th i p w t d
o, e sa ,
no on a e r o er o e

p re s sth t d f th P t gu
e ra b t f m th ti m
e o e f D or u e se , u , ro e e o e

G mma i v l h ld

a s a rr t f a n , lvi g p th i
e s e cr e co n e r e ce s , r e so n u on e r

d t ti i t b i g th i nx i d i th t n t
e s ruc on , e n m n e r a o us e s re a o on e a

mi gh t tu re th t E p n t i f m th i f t migh t
rn, so a ur o e an a on s , ro e r a e,

b d t
e d f m ny f th tt mp t t int
e err e ro a w i th
ur er a e s a an e r co urs e

I di
n a.

Thi dd tt k s su th p tenf t h a Z m i i th
ac on e ar o e a or n s us

d i b d by M ff i
e s cr e N q it m lt p t
a e us : id i M e ue a u o os , as s u s a

h m t n o m ti m l i
e a t N i
or u m li q t
s
p i ip mu t
s, e a ru a uo ac r nc u auc o

it t
r mp l ; t q d
a e co p t t p
u sa ti pe d ill t uo ca u es ,
r aes e n s rae ae ec a

d ul ce di ne , v el
jins ci o, v el conse nti ente , ce rt e non p ro hi b e nte

Rg e e,
 T O H FU T - U L - M UJA H I D EEN . 81

e sc a pi ng by yi ng to th e i r ve ss e ls fro m w h ic h ,

th e y o p e n e d a re up o n th e p e o pl e o n th e

s h ore w h o in re tu rn c annona d e d th e m S h o rtly

,
.

a fte r th is e v e nt t h e y s a il e d i nto th e h a rb o u r o f

C o c hi nf and i mp o si ng th e ms e lv e s up on i ts i nh a
"

b i ta nts a s a n i noffe nsive a nd h one st ra c e th e y ,

succ e e d e d i n buildi ng a mud fort] at th a t pl ac e L

,

Rg e b ite, s u
p t i m i L u i t
o a rr e s ar s, s an o r u m d i v e rs ori um agg re
dit ib i i g t i l m
ur t m lt
n en c a or e a c u u u e x c i ta t o , l
c au s tra c o n

v lle f ff i g
e r e, p im
or e s e t r n e re , er v co n a ur i r ru mp e re . N o s tr i ,

q m q m i m p v i m l p t i ti f
ua ua ro so a o er e rr , e e n e s tr i s ta me n te cti s que

f t it
or p im b ber r m i mp t os ar ar o r u e us re ul
p er e sed
p er fo s s o
d e m um , d i r uto qu e p ar i e te , i
v s ac nu m er us l
u tr a s u s t i n e r i n o n

p o t ui t h o s t i um a d q u attuor m illi a t e li s ac sa
g i t t i s i n s tr u cta

c o n v e n e ra nt . L u i t ni
s a , se pt g iua nta n on a m
p li us , i n h o s i ti o
P
v e r s ab an t ur ex i i s a d qu in q uag inta p t i m p ti p t i m i
ar ca ,
ar n

t e rfe ct i, rel i
q ui ma l e mu l t ti
a , i n i i s, H i ti t
e n r c u s anm s e s cu

s o d ali b u s
q u a t t u o r, mul ti s a cce ti
p s v u l ne r i b u s , a d cl as s e m
vix e v as ere .

Lib . ii . p . 35 .

A ccor di ng q t d i th m th f
t o th e h i s t or an i l a st uo e , n e on o

D mb 1 5 00 th y w
e ce er i v d by th R j h ( T i
, e ere r e ce e e a a r

m mpu P
ara , mp d p il ) w i th m h h p i t l i ty h d
or e ra a a uc os a , e e

i i gt
s r n i l i t th m d g d i g th m v l bl ll i
o co n c a e e , an re ar n e as a ua e a es

ag i t th Z m i f w h p w h w ( b f t t d )
a ns e a or n, o ose o er e as as e ore s a e

g tly j l
re a O i
e a o us m ti . th t t g h
s o r us i en ons a a s r on ou s e n

C h i w l l t d by h im
oc n as a f t y f th P t g
o e d as a ac or or e or u u e s e , an

a t ty f
re a mm o l m ly
co l d d O i S il i
er c e so e n c o nc u e s or u s vens s

d R b
e Em
e us li R g i L i t i g ti
an u e s e s us an as es s .

1 F P li ra i hi ao t f C hi
no , n y Thi b s a cco un o oc n, s a s : s e au

t i f l i ty w
u c b ui lt by th P t g
as i th t th y ft e or u ue s e n e en ear a er

the
 82 TO H F U T -
UL -
M UJ A H I D E E N .

w h ic h w as th e rs t pi e c e o f fortic a ti on th at
w as c ons truc te d by t he m i n Indi a A nd afte r .

t aki ng up th e i r dw e lli ng in th is build i ng th e y ro

p ,

c e e d e d t o d e m o lis h th e m o s q u e w h ic h s too d o n th e

s e a s h o re a t C o c h i n
-
e re c t i ng i n i ts pl a c e a C h ris ,

l
t i a n c h u rc h w h ils t th e y imp os e d th e l ab o u r o f
ae
,

th e arr iv la of V as co d e G a ma at C lia cu t. Th i s w ou ld h v a e

b een i n th e y e ar 1 5 08 ; n ow it is ce rtai n, fro m th e a cco unts o f

M a ffe i us an d C hi (th t t d by
o th ers , th a t t h e fo rt o f oc n e rs e re c e

th e P t g or u i I di ) w b il t by A lb q q i 1 5 03
u e se n n a as u u ue r ue n .

It i p s i bl t h t th g d C m l i t f th
os s e a d t th b ild i g
e oo ar e e a er a es e u n

o f th f t f m th t im
e or f thro mp l t i f th e th d l t e o e co e on o e ca e ra , o

th e p f ti ro an af w hi h by P t on B itt ( wh t d i t
o c e er v an er o ur n e

i t w h
n o a f
ar eth D t h E t I di
ou s e C mp y i 1 663 )
or e u c as - n a o an n

h e so f l i gly ll d
ee n a u es .

It i p b bly f th is h
ro h t h t M ff i
a p k i th
o s c urc a a e us s ea s n e

f ll w i g p g
o o n Bj as s a A
( p l h i
e :Al b q i i )L us acce s s u on s u ue r c n

it ni I di q
s a s t ti m i
n d ti b
s b vi
ue c er a mm t m nsu an us, re c ons u a u

t ll m
ca s e t i u t m pl m Di
, eB p t l mm di t m
n eo t
e u uo ar o e o ca u es

ut m g ta mq ili
n o u ru p i t t i m di ue mp t c o ns o ac e a e, s c o co s u u

l g ti q
e e an Lib i i p 4 2 O i h
a ue .

-
d d it f . . . . s or u s as r e c or e o

t h P t gu
e g v n b v ll d d t ( A lb q q ) th t
or u ese o er or a o e a u e o u u er ue , a

wh dy i g h d i d th l tt p t f th g p l f S t J hn
en n , e e s re e a er ar o e os e o . o

to b p t dly d v t him H di d f h g i
e re ea e rea d o er o . e e o c a r n an

di pp i tm nt t th
sa o n w th y t
e tm a t h h d e iv d un or r ea en e a r e ce e

f m hi v i g h i b
ro s so w
ere ft w d n m v d t s ones ere a er ar s re o e o

P t g l i n th m p i i t i w h i h p i t p h w
or u a ,
e sa i d t th
e s r n c e a s ere r a s e o e

m m y f C m
e or o ft hi d th w h i l t i l i f h w
a oe n s a f er s ea , s n e e as su

fe red t l g i h i p v ty
o an d w t
u s Th f t n f C l mb
o er an an . e a e o o u us

f m
or th
s p ll l
an o f L u i t n i n g ti t d
er ar a ef th i ca s e o s a a ra u e o s

p th m k i d
os u o us n .
 TO HF U T -U L -M U J A H I D E E N .

buildi ng th is e dic e up on the i nh abi tants o f C o c h i n A D . . .

M ore o ve r ha vi ng i ngrat i ate d th e ms e l ve s wi th the

,

*
p e o pl e o f C annano re th e s e F ranks c o ntrive d to ,

e re c t a fort th e re a ls o e mpl o yi n g th e na t iv e s o f th a t ,

to w n i n i ts c o ns truc t i on Th e s e fort ic a ti ons c o m .

l e te d and h a vi n g l a d e n th e i r v e ss e ls wi th p e p p e r
p ,

a nd gi ng e r t he y s e t s a il for th e c o u nt ri e s o f E u
,

ro p e for a s h as b e e n b e fo re re m ark e d a co m
, , ,

m e rc e i n th os e spic e s w as th e i r c h i e f o bj e c t i n
t ra ve rsi ng s o v a s t a dis tanc e ; and a t t h e e xp i

ra t i o n o f a e a rTano th e r p arty o f F ran ks re tu rne d

y

A s th e d t C tr a w i th B
e a g l A bi d S
a nn an o re , en a ,
ra a, an u

m t a r a, h lw y b
as a i d bl th l
a s dG m D
e e n c o ns era e, e e ar n e er an , r.

F t
or s e r , w ld j t th t t h
ou co n e c ur eTi a/W m f a e or o

Pt l my ( n mp i m pl
o e as a f t d ) m t h v b
e or u or a ce o ra e us a e een

n ear thi pl ; w h il t F P l i
s a ce gg t p i i th t
s ra ao no s u e s s an o n on a

th e s e a- ro bb m t i d by Pl i y A d i n d Pt l my
er s en o ne n , r an , a o e , as

e x i ti g i n th i p t f I d i m t h v b th M l b
s n s ar o n a, us a e e en e a a ar

p i t ( M l di
ra e s or h t m th m) w h l i v d b t M
o au s , as t e er s e o e a ou oun

I ll i ,
D l h i Wi th g d t th m n i w hi h th P
or e . re ar o e an er n c e or

t guu b t i d f ti g t C n th Sh i kh d n t
e se o a ne a oo n a anna or e , e e oe s o

a g w ith hi t mp y M ff i w h d l
re e s co e th y wor ar a e u s, o e c ar e s e e re

i v i t d th
n e D m h
e re . d C i m g t ul g ti aze a o c nu e r un u r, e a a

d b uo us i ti mi R gi b
n Cl i t C s i ( gi n m e us , o an e an an o r s re o u

t pp i d um
e o orn mi
) p
nt C l ieai d m po t na su a ra , s a c or u or us

comm v ll t mm i m t mi iti m l g pti mi

e are e e , co er c u e a c a on e o s

con d iti ib ond t l Li b ii p 3 5

us e u e re . . . .

1 C i mi l r vi t d f p i t l i m
na s co n lly f m d p t
c e o ca a cr es u s ua or e ar

o f th xp di ti n O i
e se e e y E nt ni m i n
o s. l s o r us s a s ra e ca c a s s e

d m e ce
84 T O H F U T - U L- M U J A II I D E E N .

in a e e t o f fo u r ve ss e ls a nd l an di ng a s b e fo re a t

C o c h i n and C a nna no re a nd ta ki ng i n p e pp e r a nd ,

g i ng e r a t th o s e p o rts t h e y a g a i n s e t s a il fo r t h e i r ,

o w n c ou n try A b ou t t w o y e ars a fte r th is a

.

l a rg e r p arty o f fro m e ig hte e n to tw e nty tw o s h ips T -

a rriv e d a t th e forts a b o v e nam e d a nd h avi ng -

,

fre igh te d th e i r v e ss e ls wi th spic e and suc h o th e r

d e ce m h om in e s ca p it e d arnn at i, q ibu us fu e r a t ea l g vi t e e a

co n ce ss a , ut
q uib u s cum qu e i n l i oc s a G a ma re l i ti f i t
c u s s en ,

re gi on e s l us trar en t h omi n um qu e mo re s et i n ti tut

s a c og n o s

c ere n t .

W i th G ama sa il e d a b old a dv e n turo u s b an d ,

W h os e h e a dl on g rage h ad urg e d th e g uil ty h an d .

St e rn j u s ti ce for th e i r cr im es h ad as k d th i bl d
e e r oo .

Af i chl e s Lus ia d

.

E odem ann o ( 1 5 04 ) in cert us qu o l o co r e s e s s et I n di ca,

E mm a nu e lJ oa nn e m Ne v am C al l ae cum , n o tm for ti t u di n i s et

p ru d e n ti ae vi ru m cu m b i di n av i b u s q u att uor , Cap r ali su s o

mi t
s e ra M ff H i t i Lib ii p 3 6 D S
.

-
a e1 1 s or a, ib . . . . e o u z a a s cr es

to t hi s v i g t t h d i v y f th i l d f S t H l
na a or e s co er o e s an o . e ena .

H e say th t J h
s d N v (a oh ntyl hi m )e il d f m o a as e s es sa e ro

Li b s o n,i M h 1 5 01
n ar c .

1 I t E mm
n er e a l g i t i b i I d i
an u e
g t i l m co n s re us n n a es s , c as s e

i t
ar a v i m i i t
n av ui M ff ii H i t i l ib i i p 3 7 Th
n

p g v . a e s or a , . . . . e

s cr upl i ty f t h S h i k h i
u o u s n ce g d t mb i h
o e e n re ar o nu ers s er e

s h we n Th t h
. y
e i t d f f m i gh t t t w ty
ee , e sa s, c o n s s e o ro e e en o en

tw o hip
s di g t M ff i n d D S z th w
s accor n o a e us a e ou a ere e re

tw en ty il sa V d G mm
. g i mm d d th i p
as co e a a a a n co an e on s ex e

d iti w h i h m y b n i d d th f th d t k by th
o n, c a e co s e re e o ur un er a en e

P tugu in I di
or ese n a .
86 T O H F U T - U L- M UJAHI DEEN .

vici ni ty a s muc h to th e p rej udic e o f the righ ts

,

o f t h e i r fe ll o w c o u ntrym e n a s i n o pp o si t i o n t o a ll
-
,

th e i r a nci e nt re gul at i o ns o f s a c re d a nd v e ne rabl e

a u th o r i ty w h ic h x e d th e li ne of s ucc e ssi on
, ,

a cc o rdi ng to s e ni or i ty a m o ngs t t h e c h i e fs o f th e i r ,

o w n c ou ntry a nd t o w ho m i t w a s c o n ne d
,
Th e .

F ranks h avi ng s u cc e e d e d in th us suppl anti ng the

r igh t ful h e i rs by m e ans o f the i r i ntrigu e s at C 0
,

c h i n w h e re th e y h ad rmly e s tablis h e d t h e i r i n
,

ue nce and w e re u n iformly tre ate d by i ts i nh abi

,
t

t an t s wi th c onsid e rat i on a nd re sp e c t : w h ils t o n ,

m a ny o cc a si o ns th e y h ad re c e ive d th e i r supp ort

,

a g a i ns t t h e i r e ne mi e s a nd w h e n Opp re ss e d by ,

n e c e ssi ti e s Th e s e p e opl e w e re a ls o a ssis te d

.

T ri mump ar am E m man uel i s no m n e t umi v bi

er s arni ci s s i mi s
e re ct u m an i matu m qu e , t um ad re
gi a m t ue n da m p e r s o na m
p ti p i
rae s e n e cu n a s ub l e v at u m, e ac s o et fg
u at o C al e c uta no
p i di i R g
re s o, n e n um C o ci ni su mma o mni um gr a t ul ati o ne
r e s t i t ui t .
-
Maffe ii Hi s tor a , i uh . ii p
. . 43 .

O ur a u th o r h as o m i tt d t
e o re m ar k , howe v er, th a t th e Po r
by th tim ly
t ug ue s e , w h i h th ff d d t th
e e s u cc o ur c e y a or e o e

R j h f C hi h d b th i t m t f h i
a a o oc n, t ti a e en e ns r u en s o s r e s o ra o n,

h vi g
a pl d h im p h i th
n re ft h h d b d i v
a ce u on s r on e a er e a een r en

f m i t by h i i mpl bl
ro m y t h Z m in s F t hi a ca e e ne e a or . or s s er

v i h w i d b t d t F i Alb q q w h l i v d
ce e as n e e o r an c s u ue r ue , o re e e

hi m ft h h d b
a er b ly d t d by Vi t L d
e a e en as e e s er e nce n o re .

A di g t t h P t g
ccor n hi t i o wh T i m mp
e
( t h
or u ue s e s o r an s , en r u ara e

k i g f C h i ) w th t f A lb q q
n o oc n m i g t hi
sa e ee o u u er ue co n o s

re li f h i d ut P tug l P t ug l nd n i n xt y
e , e cr e o or a , or a a ra n a e as

to
 T O H F U T -U L- M U J A H I D E EN . 87

by the i nha bi tants o f Co c h i n wi th m one y a nd h ad ,

a r c e nta g e o f a te nth up n l l th i xp ts ssig

p e o a e r e o r a n
-

e d to th e m ; fro m w h ic h c onne xi on th e i r p o w e r
b e c am e gre atly i nc re as e d A nd a y e ar a fte r th e .

arrival of th e e e t o f ab ou t tw e nty v e ss e ls ab ove

a llud e d to a noth e r c onsis ti ng o f t e n s h ips m ad e
,

i ts a pp e ara nc e o f w h ic h numb e r s e v e n h ad l e ft
,

E u ro p e in that y e ar w h ilst th e othe r th re e h ad

,

s a il e d for M a l ab ar t he y e ar b e fore i n c omp an y ,

wi th th e l arge r e e t o f tw e nty s h ips ; b ut h avi ng

from s om e c a us e b e e n re tard e d i n t he i r p a ss ag e ;
th e y o nly arriv e d now i n c o mp an y wi th t h e s e

c o nd e e t o f s e ve n s h ips ; w h ic h l as t h avi ng
l ad e n q uickly s h ortly s e t o ut aga i n up on th e i r
,

h om e w ard v oyag e B ut th e t hre e v e ss e ls w h o s e

.
,

p ass a ge o ut h ad b e e n s o d e l ay e d c o nti nui ng a t ,

anc h or at C o ch i n th e Z a m ori n form e d a d e sig n o f

,

s e izi ng up on th e m ; a nd c oll e c te d wi th th is V i e w , ,

an a rmy o f n e arly o ne h u nd re d th o us and N a i rs ,

tog e th e r wi th a l arg e b ody of Ma ho me d ans As .

h e w as u nabl e h ow e v e r t o a pp roa c h th e s e ve s
, ,

s e ls su f ci e ntly ne ar to a tta ck the m by l and h is ,

Mahome d an alli e s h avi ng p rocu re d fro m th e i nha

b i t ants o f Fund re e ah t hre e d o ws s a il e d o ut i n ,

to th e s tr an d B id
. es e s re s to r n i g him t o hi s th r on e , Alb uqu qu er e

p d h im w i th
re se nte d u cats : a m a s te r ly pi c f p l i y,
e e o o c

co n id
s i ng th i t ti
er e s ua on in w h i ch h e s to od .

88 T O H F U T - U L-M U J A H l D E E N .

th e m to gag e th e e ne my w h e n s o m e of the m
en ,

( th e fo rm e r
) re c e iv e d m artyr d o m
i
A nd o n th e .
ii

foll owi ng d ay th e p eopl e o f Fund re e ah a nd Ba

,

l e e nk a t e mb arki n g i n fou r a nd th e p e o pl e of ,

Fundre e ah a nd C a licu t i n th re e d ows p ro c e e d e d ,

to re ne w th e a tta ck up on th e s h ips o f th e F ranks ,

and th e b attl e b e tw e e n th e m ra g e d e rc e ly Of .

th e Mah ome d ans h ow e v e r none su ffe re d m a rty r

, ,

d om o n th is o cc as i o n ; i nd e e d i n c ons e qu e nc e o f ,

th e s e tti ng i n o f th e ra i ny s e a s on th e e nga ge m e nt ,

w as not d e cisive o n e i th e r sid e a nd th e Z a m ori n , ,

wi th all th os e th at h ad a cc omp ani e d h im re tu rne d ,

t o hi s s e a t of go v e rn m e nt ( Go d b e p ra is e d ! ) i n a l l :

s afe t q
y A s f
L
o r t h e F ranks p ro c e e di ng o n t h e ,

Th e S h i kh t h
e ro u gh o ut h i s h s tor i y , wh en h e m e nt i ons th e

d e ath o f an b th i th i tt k g i t th P
y of h is re r en n e r a ac s a a ns e or

t guu th A b i w
e s e, uses d M l wh i h m y b
e ra c d d or c a e r en er e

ra th er p i i g t m ty d m th
as as r n h vi g
o ff ard it r o an as a n su e re

i t b i g th h j g ti f th v b h i h im pl i
( e n t t e en w con u a on o e er c es

Hi m i g h w v th t th y q
'

si e an n d th o e er s, a e ua e e

s h b t er f m ty d m
e o hiar t mp r y F i h t w ld
o , as s co e or ar er s a ou

h v a xp
e e d i t f t f th h p p i
re s s e af wh i h it h
a e, o b e a ne s s o c as een

s e en h w ld p e u d
ou hi b th i th t f h i t h
ers a e s re r e n, n e rs o s r ee

i t d t y h pt
n ro u c or c a er s .

Th gh t th w h l f th i p g th S h i kh m i gh t
r ou ou e o e o s ass a e e e

b e h g d ( if
c ar h
e h g w s uc t i i t t w ith th
a c ar e e re no n co n s s en e

e vi d t g v ity d impl i ity f h i h t ) w i th di p i

en ra an s c o
'

s c ar a c e r a s os

ti on t b to hi t ym
a n er F i t c t th m
s co u n r en . or n s an e, rs ,
e an n er

i w h i h h m nti n th d th f th
n c e e o wh s n th td y
e ea o os e o o e rs a

of
 90 T O H F U T- U L - M U J A H I D E EN .

h ad s e ttl e d i n tho s e towns th e i nh abi tants wi th , ,

a l l t h e i r d e p e nd e n t s b e c a m e subj e c t to th e s e fo
,
s

r e i ne rs e ng a g e d i n th e a rts o f na viga t i on a nd
g , ,

i n m ar i tim e e mp l oy me nts m aki ng v o y a g e s o f

t rad e u nd e r th e p ro te c t i o n o f p a ss e s fro m th e

F ranks ; e v e ry v e ss e l h owe ve r sm a ll b e i ng p ro , ,

v id e d wi th a dis t i nc t p a ss a nd th is wi th a V i e w to ,

t h e g e ne ra l s e c u r i ty o f a l l And up on e a c h o f .

t h e s e p ass e s a c e rta i n fe e w as x e d o n th e p a y ,

m e nt of w h ic h the p a ss w as d e live re d to th e m as te r
o f th e v e ss e l w h e n a b o u t to p ro c ee d o n h is v oy a g e
, .

N ow th e F ra nks i n imp o si ng th is to ll c a us e d i t to
, ,

a pp e ar th at i t w o uld p ro v e i n i ts c o ns e qu e n c e s a

s ou rc e of a dvanta ge to th e s e p e o pl e th us to i nduc e ,

th e m to submi t t o i t ; w h ils t to e nfo rc e i ts p a ym e nt ,

i f th e y fe ll i n wi th a ny v e ss e l i n w h ic h th is th e i r ,

l e tte r o f m arqu e or p a ss w as not to b e fo u nd th e y

, , ,

v y ft m k m nti
M a ffe i u s er f o v tig l (
en a es e on o a

ec a or

t ll )
o t m
or f f i gh t
c us o x t d f m th M h m d
s o re s, e ac e ro e a o e an s

th i p b bly w th h t f l i mp i ti ll d d t by th
s ro a as e a e u os on a u e o e

S h i kh A di g t O i th P t g
e . ccor n p m i tt d
o s o r us , e or u ues e er e no

s hi p t i l w i th t
o sa f th i p p t ; w h il t F i y
ou o ne o e r a ss or s s ar a sa s

t h t w i th
a , m nt f pp i th P t g
a re ne e w
o ld o r e s s on, e or u ue s e ou

m k th Ma e ihv l
e y th i w l tt f d m
oo r s e ss e s car r e r o n e er s o con e na

ti on, th p p t n t f q tly
e as s or i g o Th w
un r e uen r u nn n ,
~
e o ne r

f th i
o hip i s sv y wi k d M s aI d i erth t P t c e -
oo r e s re e rs or u

gu pt i n t w h m t h i i h w n, m y m k p i z f
s se ca a o o s s s e a a e a r e o .

h er
 . T O H F U T-U L - M U JA H ID E EN . 91

w ould i nv ari ably m ak e a s e izu re b o th o f the s h ip ,

i t s c re w a nd i ts c argo ! In c o nse qu e nc e o f th is
,

t y ra nn ic a l c o n duc t th e Z a m ori n a nd hi s subj e c ts

a nd d e p e nd e nts w e re d riv e n to a sys te m o f re ta

l ia ti ve w arfare i n w h ic h th at p ri nc e e xp e nd e d v a s t
,

t re as u re s And fro m th e s am e ca us e b oth h ims e lf

.
,

a nd h i s p e o pl e b e c o mi ng g re a tly s t ra ig h te ne d a nd

r e duc e d h e s e nt a mb a ss a d o rs t o c e rta i n Ma ho me
,

d an p ri nc e s to a s k t h e i r a ssis tanc e ; all o f w h o m

h o w e v e r ne gl e c te d t o afford h im a ny e xc e p t th e ,

s ul tan o f Guz e ra t S ul tan M ah m oo d S h ah the *

, ,

fathe r o f th at e xc e ll e nt m onarc h S ul tan Moz uffur

S hah a nd A dil S h ah 1 w ho w as the grandfath e r ,
~

o f A l e e A dil S h a h ( up on b o th o f w h o m ma t h
y e
- -

fa vou r o f God fo r e ve r dw e ll w ho c aus e d s om e

Th e s i xth i n s ucce s s o n o f i th e ki g n s of G z u erat, an d wh o

w as s ucc e e d d by h i
e s s on Moz uffur S h ah II .

1
'
Y oo s u f A di l S h -
ah, th e f o un d er o f th e A di l S h b y
-
a dy
nast y of B ej ap oo r . It w o u ld see m f
ro m Ma ffe i us , t ha t th e

Z m i di d
a or n not con ne h is so l i it ti
c a on s t o th e Mah ome d an
pi ly
r n ce s on Inte re a C al e cuta nu s et Ara b s, s u ae u ter u e
q
g ti en s a c s e ct as pp lo u os re
ge s q ue a d ar ma i n ti g s ar e a ccu

s ante s i gn av i am, q d uo a b di ti i ntr a moeni a et p o r tu s ali ien

g e na s h om in es, n a t ura, mo ne l egi b u s i ns ti t uti s

s er ,
m ltu o

ma gi q m m i t q
s ua ar s a ue t errar um i nt e r a o d i sj uncto s , v ll ta m
di vg i tt p
u a Oi
ar o o aan e r e nt e
p p o ul a b un d os , ne q ue l
c a s se s

m do d j m i Dii p l
o , se a s s l i q q
a cer e t, co o n as uo ue in Ai s a m ar bi
trat u s uo mi tte re p aterentur .

Li b i v p 69 . . . .
92 T O H F U T- U L - MUJA H I D EEN .

v e ss e ls and grabs to b e e q uipp e d b ut w h ic h w e re ,

e v e ntu a lly fo u n d u n t fo r p ro c e e di ng to s e a B e .

sid e s th e s e p ri nc e s , th e sul ta n o f E gyp t K ans oo *

, ,

t h e P h oen ici a n a ls o e vi nc e d a fri e ndl y disp o si t i on

,

t o w ards th e Z a m o ri n h a vi ng d e sp a tc h e d th e e mi r ,

H oss e i n o ne o f his nobl e s wi th s om e tr00ps and

, ,

t h i rte e n g rabs to a ssis t hi m w h o h a vi ng re a ch e d

t h e p ort o f Di u j i n G uz e ra t s a il e d th e n c e to
'

t h e p ort o f S h e i o ol jt A nd i n c o mp any wi th t h e
-
.

e mi r w a s ki ng A a s s t h e N a ib o f Di u w h en
y , ,

th e y fe ll i n wi th and e n ga ge d c e rta i n v e ss e ls of

th e F ranks c a p tu ri ng th e l arge s t o f th e m and ,

H o rn Ma ffe i us we l e arn l
a s o, t h at t h e S ul t a n of C mb i a a

or G z u e r at, p p li i
o u n cert um un cle Guz arat u s
an d th e Egyp ti an C a mp so n

( as he ca ll s h im ) , w e re i ndu d ce

to f urn s i h th Z e a m or i n w t h i so me tr oo p s an d shi p s, in co u s e

q ue n ce o f hi s e ar n e s t a
pp l t ea o th e m on th i s o cca s o n. i
1 Th i p
s e r s on o ur J it es u au th or d e s cr ib es th u s : E xp e
d iti on i p r ae er at Ho ce n us ,

( S ou s a ll ca s h i m H a s hi m ; b
o th

are i
w h m s i c a w ay s l e n ou gh o f wr i ti g Hn os s e n i ) P e r sa , q i
u

p t i li g Mi ( Emi ) h
a r a n ua td iv p f tr Lib r

oc es ux s e rae e c u s .

.

i v p 70
. .

i An i l n d ly i g ff th
s a th t m i ty f G z
n t o e sou ern e x re o u era .

It w bt in d p
as o i a f by the P tg A D 1515
o s s e ss o n o e or u ue s e

. . .

M ff i a l t k H
e us a so
( h
r ac ll h im) t thi p t
s oc e n u s as e ca s o s or

A d in l m t pp i d m
su a C mb i e o P t l D i um u o rae a a cae s e u a a e n ae

dd i t Li b i v p 70

a ux . . . . .

C ll d by th P t g
a e m ll ik ( p k in g ) Ei
e or u ue s e , u r az .

Th i w th b ttl i n w h i h D n L z o A l m id w
s as e a e c o o re n e a as
 T O H F U T- U L- M UJA H I D EEN .

in w h ic h fort h e l a id up h is v e sse ls du ri ng the

ra i ny m o nth s ; an d w h e n t h e s e w e re a t a n e nd a ,

re i nforc e m e nt o f n e a rly fo rty g rabs d e sp at c h e d by ,

t h e Z a m o ri n j oi ne d H o ss e i n The s e v e ss e ls h ow
,
.

e v e r w e re sm a ll h a vi ng b e e n c oll e c te d i n t h e te r
,

ri tori e s o f th a t c h i e f a nd w h e re ve r t h e y c o uld b e ,

fou nd B ut th e F ranks ( wh om may God A lmigh ty

.

c onsig n to d e s truc ti on w h e n t he y h e ard of th e

.

e mi r b e i n g a t a nc h or a t D iu m ad e re a dy for ,

a c ti o n a nd u t t o s e a i n a e e t o f n e arly tw e nty
p ,

*
s h ips ; a nd s a il i ng for that p ort a nd a pp e ari ng
b e fore i t th e e mi r H oss e i n wi th al l the grabs i n
, ,

D on Fr an c i s co Al m i d dd i
e a, on hi s bi g p
e n su e rs e e as v ce .

ro
y by A lp h A lb q q
o ns o
( A D u t ueri l f mueG . . se sa ro oa

w i th t f ni t v l h v in g b d i xt h
a ee o ne e e n e s se s, a on o ar s e en un

d d m
re
( f w
enh m F o i y S to ll i g h t
ar a h d d - ou s a e s us e un re

w ere ti v ) d ig i g t
na es , tt k th
es M h m da
n n o Aft a ac e a o e ns . er

l din g t Di h i l d t th p t f Di w h h f ll i
an a u, e sa e o e or o u, e re e e n

w i t h th T ki h t d
e ur s ti ee i g th P t g
, an an ac on e n s u n ,
e or u ues e

w e revi t i S
c or o us . y th t v t m b f b k w
ou s a s a s a as nu er s o oo s er e

f nd i th p t d v l f th T k All th p i
ou n e ca ur e esse s o e ur s . e r so n e r s

w p t
er e t d t
uh T h N
o i b ea f D i h v
. i g t
e f a o u a n s en one o

hi bl t
s no
ges t l t th
o c on P t g u ra u a et h i v i t y e or u e se o n e r ,
c or , a

t u r w ce in q
as l d d w i th h im th pt d
c o ns e ue n ce c o n c u e ,
e ca ur e

canno n b i g d l i v d v t th k i g f G z t T h l
e n e ere o er o e n o u e ra . e os s

of th P t g e or u m t h v b ue s e s e e v y m ll M ff i s o a e een er s a , as a e us

sa y M mm l i f m
s, a a uc t p ti t i t f ti
er e o n es au ca au n e r ec e nos

t i d
r s t t igint
uo e id ; v l
r t i mi i l i b
a occ m x im
e re u ne ra ,
ss us a s,

pl u t nti Lib i p 77 It wa n w th t
s rece .

a v. . . s o a .
 T O HF U T - U L - M U J A H I D E EN . 95

hi s c omp any to ge th er wi th th os e of th e M al a
,

b arians a nd ki ng A y as s i ns ta ntly s a il e d o ut to s e a , ,

t h e e mi r not w a i t i ng to m a k e a ny p re p a rat i on fo r

t he e nc o u nte r and the F ra nks ( th e cu rs e o f Go d

a i te d fo r t h e i r a tta ck
re s t o n t h e m !
) w c h i e y di ,

re c ti n t h e i r e ffo rts a g a i ns t t h e gra bs o f th e e mi r

g . ,

o f w h ic h th e y s h ortly c a p t u re d s e v e ra l the re ,

mai nd e r e sc a pi ng o nly by ight ; w h ils t the s e

cu rs e d i nte rl op e rs s ail e d awa y vic tori ous ! suc h
b e i ng th e d e c re e o f God m os t h igh a nd suc h his ,

wi ll wh ic h is i ndispu tabl e and aga i ns t wh ic h no ,

th i ng c an av a il A s for th e e mi r h e wi th s om e of
.
*
,

h is c o mp a ni ons a nd th e g rabs o f ki ng Ay as s and

, ,

th e M al a b ari a ns e sc ap e d i n s afe ty , A fte r th is .

,

re tu rni ng to E gyp t h e p re v a il e d up on th e E gyp t i an

,

C a mp s o n to fu rnis h fo r th is w ar a g a i ns t th e F rank s
t w e nty tw o grabs o f l arg e siz e
-
a nd c o mpl e te ly ,

e quipp e d ; a nd i n c o mm an d o v e r th e s e w a s pl a c e d

On s e a, o n sh ore ,

G t Al m d t i m p h d ;
r ea ee r u

and th e r iv l
a s w or d
O f Alb q q i v i ibl u ue r u e, n nc e in ar m s,
W t d th ti

as e e na o ns .

H is tori ca l Fragment Cumb er la nd .

If Ma ffe i us l
t e l s tr ue, i gh t w
hi s m w h t i gl ias s o e a n or ou s .

Ho cenu s i p s e ut i n cl i n ata m h d d b i p ugn m

au im d
u o t it a an a ver ,

q m ua o c cu l ti s s i me s ese i n l mb um t l
e d u p t m a es a us s a ra u

d mi i t
e s .

Li b . iv p . . 77 .
96 TO H F U T -
U L -
M U J A H I D E EN .

t he e mi r S olim an o f R oo m wi th h i m b e i ng a ss o ,
!

c ia te d a ls o H o ss e i n :
*
a nd th e s e c h i e fs s a ili ng

rs t to th e fort i e d p ort o f J e dd ah afte rwards ,

p ro c e e d e d to K e mra n 1 w h e re the e mi r H osse i n ,

'

e ng ag e d h ims e lf i n m aki ng a d e sc e nt up on Ara

b ia F e lix , c arryi ng d e v a s tati on i nto th a t c ou n

try 1 B u t th e e mi r S o lim an d e sign i ng t o p ro
.
,

c e e d to th e p o rt o f A d e n re tu rne d to J ed d ah At , .

th is t im e h ow e v e r h os tili ti e s b rok e out b e tw e e n

, ,

h i m and H o ss e i n ; and i n c ons e qu e n c e o f th e

a tta cks o f H o ss e i n up on th e liv e s a nd ci ti e s of

th e M o sl e ms h e l e ft th at p ort B ut H o ss e i n .

h a vi ng b e e n s e iz e d by th e sul ta n o f A rabi a w as ,

O m ib n us 11s p p it
r ae os us cu m su mmo i mp i er o no b il i s

a r ch i
p i r ata S ol i man u s Mi tyl en aau s q ui t um , p pt l
ro er a tr ocin a i
T ur ci ci s ni b u s e x s ul ab at,
j
a d un cto lg
e a to e ode m Ho ce no ;

q u em p ro Mir Ho ce n o , A mira s e n v o cab ul i s im i l itudi ne d e cep ti

di xere n onn u ll i .

-
M a ffe i , l ib . vii . p . 1 23 . Wh y th e y co u ld
not ha v b
e e en o ne an d th e sa me p e rs o n h owe v e r, wh i ch th e

t ran s l a tor is i n l in d t i m gi n
c e o a e w a s th e ca s e, th e l e arn e d hi s

t or i an h as n ot t o ld us .

Ap or t i n th e A bira an G lf u .

1 O f th i s
p er d
y on th p e ar t of H i M ff i th os s e n, a e us us

ma k es me nti on : Ho ce num cum v l i m x im t b d

na a a e ur a a

o p us
p ro m o v e n d um r e li
qui t, ip s e cu m xp di t mi l i t i
e ti e o e n con

n e n te m e g r e s s u s o pp i d um A rab i ae Feli ci s Z eb i tu m, d uo de ci m
f er me l e ucas a mari , i mp v i ro so a d ventu ce p it
.
Li b . v ii .

p . 1 23 .
98 T O H F UT - U L - M UJA H I DEEN .

th e
F ks m ad e a d e sc up C alicu t
9 15, ra n e nt on ,

c o mmi tt i ng gre at d e vas tati on and b urn i ng the Ja

mie Tm o squ e wh ic h w as buil t by Nakuz M isc al
,

a nd th e y a tta ck e d a ls o th e p a l a c e of th e Z a m ori n ,

h o pi ng to ob ta i n p o ss e ssi on o f i t as th at p ri nc e ,

w as abs e nt b e i ng e nga ge d i n w ar i n a di stant p art

,

o f h is d o mi ni o ns B ut th e N a i rs th at h ad b e e n
.

l e ft b e h i nd at C alicu t havi ng u ni te d a ga i ns t th e se
i nva d e rs m ad e an ass aul t up on th e m and suc
, ,

c ee d e d i n ej e c t i ng t h e m fro m th e p a l a c e killi ng ,

a t t h e s am e t im e n e arly ve h u nd re d o f th e i r p arty ;

a gre a t n umb e r a ls o w e re d row ne d a nd t h e fe w ,

t ha t e sc ap e d w e re s av e d by yi ng on b oard the i r
,

v e s s e l s ; t h a vi ng b e e n e nti re ly d e fe ate d i n th e i r d e
;

g re s s us , ma gn a ex p art e c a s o
p r ae s i di o cl a u s t ri s qu e r e fr acti s

p er vi m i rr up i t . C i
o nt n u s ip se d um s er o s u o s a
p r ie da re o v
ca t, ab gi p p
h o s tib u s i nter cep t us , t u id t re a o re s s u s , ac r c a us ,

b it M ff ii H i t i l ib i p 7 9

o ccu u . a e s o r a, . v . . .

A t h m th i th A b i
s e l d
on l is f w
n e ra c ca e n ar ar e un ar, n a e

y h m k
ear s e a c th v l ti f th f
a es e re o u on o e o ur s ea s o n s .

1 T
'
h p in i pel m q r w i g t
c C h a i t i th d l
os ue an s er n o a r s an ca e ra ,

i w h i h t h F i d y ! J m K h tb h h mi ly i d

n c e r a s a o a ,
or o s re a .

1 T h S h i kh i t
e m m t b di t
e t d i ,
h i li t f
s ee s, us e s ru s e n s s s o

kill d d w d d M ff i
e an y P i
o un di L i t ni
e a e us sa s, er e r e e o e us a

p tim h ti m t li p titi p ti m i f g
ar os u i b t ti
e s e ,
ar n u a a su s o ec ,

amp li u s octo
g i n ta s au ci o ru m n um er u s rel atu s c r c ter tr e i i
ce ntor um .

He no d bt
ou h as cons id ere d th e w o un dd e .
as

d ead men . S o usa l

a so s tate s th e numbe r of P t gu
or u e se
 T O H F U T -U L - M U JA H I D E EN . 99

signs by the p e rmissi on o f God m o s t h igh N ow ,

, .

b o th be fore th is t ime and a fte r i t th e y m a d e va ,

r i o n s d e sc e nts up on th e d o mi n i ons o f th e Z a m o ri n ,

bu rn i ng in th e s e atta cks i n al l ne arly fty v e ss e ls

th at w e re lyi n g ne ar h is s h ore s a nd c onfe rri ng ,

m artyrd o m up on upw ards of s e ve nty of th e fa i th ful .

And a fte r th e s am e m anne r th e y m a d e a d e sc e nt

u p on A d e n b ut i ts i nh abi tants m ad e a s to u t re sis t
a n c e and Go d s e nt succ o u r to th e M o sl e ms aban
, ,

d oni ng to d e struc ti on the F ranks w ho by h is di ,

vi ne p erm i ss i on we re p ut to igh t ; and th e i r a t

l
te mp t up on t h is to w n w as e nti re ly frus trate d
ae
.

Now t his h app e ne d i n th e t im e of th e e mi r R a ma

z an
( t o w h o s e re m a i n s b e p e a c e a n d s ub se

qu e ntly to th e s e ttl e m e nt o f th e F ranks at C oc h i n

a nd C annano re t h e y h ad c o n cili a te d th e i m b ab i
ta nts of Quil on q and h ad buil t a fort th e re
L
b e i ng

w h o w ere li th i i t b t i gh ty A m g t
s a n on s o c cas o n a a ou e . on s

th w e nd d h ou y w A lph e Al b q e sa J s, y as on s o er uer ue. an uar

,
q
1 5 1 0 h gi v
, th d t
e f th i f t t tt k
es as e a e o s un o r un a e a ac .

Thi w p b bly th s f l tt k f Alb q

as ro a e u n s u cce s s u a ac o u ue r

q ue( A D Ad w t k n h w v
. .
t l g ft by en as a e o e er no on a er

th P t g u
e by t t g m
or u ese, s ra a e .

1 It w t th i pl th t A l x i M z th t h
as a s ac e a e us e ne e s, e rs ar c

b i h p f G Op d h i
s o o f w i th th C h i ti
oa, e ne f St s co n e r e n ce e r s a ns o .

Th m o mp ll i g th m t
as , co th d e t in f N t e o r e n o u n ce e o c r ne s o es o

ri u d t t th p l f th R mi h C h h D F t
s an o e n er e a e o e o s urc . r . or s e r,

re g ding thi f d un i n j u tly y It i

ar s orce l nd l ting o , s sa s, s a re a a as
 MU J A H i

T O H F U T- U L- DEEN?

gre at qu anti ti e s o f p e p per

.

i nd uce d to d o th is , . as

w e re p ro cu ra bl e a t that tow n m ore of th at spic e ,

b e i ng gro w n th e re a nd i n i ts ne igh b o u rh oo d th an
i n a ny o th e r pl ac e M oreove r th e F ranks h avi ng .
6
,

f m o nume nt R mi h C h h A
of sh a m e for th e
t o s ur c . n a cco un

o f th il t m
e v o en w ll t d by t h R mi h
eas ur es, as e as a r s , u se e o s

Chu h t mk th e N t i
rc o un i t th m lv
a e t it i t b e s or an s e e se es o , s o e

f d i L C z w k th t t f C h i ti i ty i I di
o un n a ro e s

or on e s a e o r s an n n a .

it i wh s
p k i g f t mpl
en s eaQ il w h th y f
n o a e e n e ar u o n, er e e e es o

o ur g od C m li t f i h d b j tly ff d d by m v il
o ar e e r ar a e en us o en e so e e

or gi th t w es a i d a b f h im d f p ti i p ti
er e c rr e on e or e , an or a ar c a on

i whi h h h d g t
n c m C h i ti
e h m
a ov b ti g so e r s an s er e n a se ere ea n

b f e or eth ch h d e w i g t th C h i ti n t t
urc o o r, as a arn n o o er r s a s no o

p t i ip t i
ar c h b mi ti
a e n i f t s ucth t hi G mn
a o na on s n u ur e , a s er a

t l t D F t h th f l l w i g t i i w h i h
r an s a or, r . ors e r, as e o o n re ec o n, n c

se v i ty d h m
er an h pp i ly mb i du Th i
o ur d t ar e a co ne : s con uc

f F
o P li ra m th ao v g l i l d h h nd t
no s e e s ra er n u - e an e ca an ars , a

o

h v b a m w h t i th t yl
e ee n s o f B ge th a n e s e o o an er e s , or o s e s on s

f th
o d w h w i h d t ll d w i mm d i t ly f m
un er o s e o ca o n re e a e ro

h v ea O z l m k p
en . urd f ll p w f m th
e a ou s on r o cur e u o er ro e

m gi t t ia d t x t h i i q i it i l t
s ra e n or er th i o e e cu e s n u s or a s e n e n ce s

no d b t t h im ou id bl m f m y d m t
co s a c on s er a e su o on e , an us

h v b a h g d
e d th h d f
ee n c art vi e I t dun er e ea o s e cr e s er ce . ns e a

f dvi
o ad d m i ti th m
ce an k dm i i t da ond on e on a n s er e a s o un

b ti g ; th i m y p p ly b l l d b yi g th mm d ;
ea n s a ro er e ca e o e n e co an

mp ll ill
co i t e Th e th m os by w h i h th e
n r ar e .

e o er e an s c

I di n v t d t th C th l i ligi
an s are co n d ubt
er e o e a o c re on ar e n o o

of th m ki d th i
e sa h h di i pli
e n as s c urc sc ne .

Q il w f m ly u on f th m t as i d bl pl
or er o ne o e os c o ns er a e a ce s

on th Mlb e t ; b t i
a a th digging f th n l t
ar co as u s n ce e o e ca a a

A l pp i th t pl h b m th g t p pp m t
e ,
a a ce as ec o e e re a e r e er ar .
1 02 T O H FUT - U L - M UJ A H I D E E N .

i nh abi tants i n w h ic h c as e i ts c ap tu re w as not a

,

fe at o f muc h d if cul ty f a nd the F ra nks o n th us

"
,

re o b ta i ni ng p o ss e ssi o n o f Goa
- h as te ne d to c on ,

s truc t aro u nd i t e x te nsive forti cati ons o f vas t

h e igh t A fte r th e i r acquisi t i o n o f th is pl a c e the i r
. ,

p ow e r b e c a m e gre a tly i nc re a s e d e v e ry d ay re ce i v ,

i ng s o m e a cc e ssi o n to i t fo r th e Lord a s h e wills ,

s o i n d e e d d o e s h e b ri ng to p a ss !

K umma l Khg nt d ing th mi ity f I m l A dil

an , re e ur e n or o s ae

Sh h m
a , a d p
w i th th E u p n ( w h
e e ace
r ft th t e f o ea s o a er e re ur n o

A di l S h h t B ij p h d g i b i g d G
- a o a o or d gi d
a a a n es e e oa, an re a ne

i t by gi v i g l g b i b n t th g v
ar e
) r ti g t th i
es o e o e rn or , c on s e n n o e r

t ti n
r e en f Go n o di ti oaf th i m i i g
o con t t d on o e r re a n n c on e n e

w i th th il d l e d n t m l ting th n i gh b
s an a on e , an i g o o es e e o ur n

d di t i t ( F i h t ) M ff i u g w ith
t w
o n s an s r c s nter s a . a e s s a cco u a r ee s

th e b v x pt t h t h
a o e, e i b th
ce pt a f th pl e as cr es e r e ca ure o e a ce

to th g ll t y n d g
e a an r l h i p f A lb q
a q n ith h
en e ra s o u ue r ue , e er e

n or S h v i g ny m ti n
o us a a n f y b i
a b b i g g i
en n o o an r es e n ve

on th i
e o ccas on . A th f f th P t g s m e t d t
orce o e or u uese a o un e o

ty th l d 1 5 00 ldi b i d th t f

tw en - re e ve s s e s an ,
so ers , es es e ee o

M dh R w th dmi l f Tim j w h i t d t i t p
a oo o , e a ra o o a, o a ss s e a s ca

tur e , it i t l i k ly th t t
s no h y w e y th P t
a rea c er as n e ces s ar , or e or u

gue ss mi gh t b b l i v d t h v h d e e t it
e e o a e a re cours e o .
 T O HF U T - U L- M UJA H I DEEN . 1 03

S E CT I ON I I .

e wicked
f which the Fra n/cs we re
'

Recounti ng s ome h
f
o t a cts
o

un d e rs tood th at the M aho

'

I wo uld h ave i t
'
'

me d ans of M al ab ar fo rm e rly liv e d in g re at c om i

fo rt and t ra nquilli ty in c ons e q u e nc e o f th e i r a b r ,

s ta i n i ng fro m e x e rcisi ng any Opp re ssi on tow ards

th e p e o pl e o f th e c o u ntry ; as w e ll as fro m th e

c onsid e rati o n w h ic h the y i nvari ably e vi nc e d fo r

t h e a nci e nt us a g e s o f th e p o pul a t i o n of M al ab a r ,

a nd fro m t h e u nre s tric te d i nte rc o u rs e o f ki nd

n e ss w h ic h th e y p re s e rve d wi th th e m S ub s e .

qu e ntly h ow e ve r the y w e re gu il ty o f i ng rati

, ,

tud e to wards Go d forg e tti ng th e bl e ssi ngs th a t ,

th e y e nj o y e d ; g o i ng a s tray a nd b e c omi n g d i ,
!

vi d e d i nto sc h isms O n th is a cc o u nt th e re fore .

, ,

did God b ri ng d o wn up on the m the p e o pl e o f

E urop e the F ranks C hris ti ans by re ligi on ( w h om
, ,

may A lmigh t y God c onfou nd w h o b e g an to 0p

p re ss the Ma home dans and to b ri ng rui n am ongs t ,

th e m ; b e i ng guil ty o f a c ti o ns th e m o s t di ab olic a l

a nd i nfam o us suc h i nd e e d a s a re b e y o nd th e ow e r

, p
o f d e sc rip t i o n :
"
th e y h a vi ng m a d e th e Mah o me
6

T h at t h e P o rt u g ue s e w e re g i l ty f th g
u o e r e a te s t e x ce s s e s

th e i r o wn i
h s t or i an s a d mi t . F ra P liao noll ud a es to a w or k
e nt i tl e d I s to r ai d ll Vit e a a e F tt i i ll u t i d l
a s r e v e n. Mon s ig n :
 1 04 T O H F U T- U L - M U J A H I D E EN .

d ans to b e a j e s t and laugh i ng s tock ; displ ayi ng -

tow ards the m th e gre ate s t c o nte mp t ; e mpl oyi ng

th e m to d raw w ate r fro m th e w e l ls a nd i n o th e r ,

m e ni a l e mpl oym e nts ; spi tti ng i n the i r fa c e s a nd

u pon th e i r p e rs ons h i nd e ri ng the m on th e i r j ou r
n i e s p art icul arly w h e n p ro c e e di ng o n p i lg rim ag e s
,

to M e cc a ; *
d e stro yi ng th e i r p rop e rty ; burni ng

G i pp di S M i di S b ti i ( R m
us e e . ar a i whi h e as an ,

o a n c

h e y th
sa s xc p ti l ly d ib d Wh il t th
ese e e ss e s ar e ar cu ar e s cr e . s e

C m l it f th h w v dm i t hi w ti g il t i th i
ar e e a er, o e e r, a s s o n na on s

u n s

m tt a h w ld
er, e t h v it ou pp d th t h q i t th
no a e su os e a e ac u s o e rs

in an e q l d g f h h th f ll w i g v
ua e r ee , or ti e as e o o n se er e re ec on :

Av i i l a r ce, di h ty i d l i ty d i j ti w ill
ns o e n ce , s one s , n e , an n us ce ,

l w y b i g k i gd m d t t t d t t i ; d i f
a a s r n n o s an s a es o es r uc on an

th b
er e y t t h i th i
e an b v ti ru m th n l i s o s er a on , s o e o e r c o o n es ,

p h p w ill t l g m i i th h d f E p
er a s, no on re a n n e an s o ur o e an s

as l i ttl b f th i h p k w i th h
a e e ore f s, m id
e s ea s orro r o an u n ar r e

D t h t b b i t t C hi w h k pt w h l d z
u c o acc n s a oc f n o e a o e o en o

f m l
e a e s, d y t an t d th t i t w e i mp p i th R m
a s s er e a as ro er n e o an

C th li l gy t t m y It i p b bl th t h i i i
a o c c er no o arr . s ro a e a s ns

n ua ti w
on h i y i t d d g i t th D t h ; t th
as c e n en m e a a ns e u c a e sa e

ti m th t h
e a l m t i t i m d i d d g f th P
e a so e an , n a o e e re e , or e ro

t t
e s an t En gl i h s .

T h f ll w i g p
e o g f M ff i
o n m th i h g
as s a e o a e us c on r s s c ar e

a g i t th P t g
a ns e I d mi M l b
or u ue s e t j i t n e cu n a a ar e s r a e c s se ,

i g t m S
n en e m m t mili tib
ar a ce nor u t mi t l nav e e us e on e o

ru m g p ti im m
e n er e C l t d
ara t m ss p g t a ,
a e cu o re e un e ex u na :

i n ea M h m t i p m l ti int mp ti M m d p d
a o e an er u er e , eca , a se u o

p p h
ro t p l
e ae m p t
se i t i i
u cr u p g i t
su ters on s cau s a ere r nan e s : a

p i
ue r d m t mp l
e x ea e Ch i ti ni p
s ec a co p t i i m b ti ure s r s a s raece s u ,
 1 06 T O HF U T- U L- M UJ A H I D E EN .

up on th e P ro p h e t of God ( up on w ho m ma y the
divi ne fa vo u r a nd g rac e for e ve r re s t c on ni ng
his fo ll o w e rs a nd i nc a rc e ra t i ng th e m , F urthe r . ,

bi ndi ng th e m wi th p ond e rous sh a ckl e s and e xp os ,

i ng th e m i n th e m a rk e t s for s al e a fte r th e m ann e r ,

t h at sl a v e s a re so ld ; a nd w h e n s o e xp o s e d to r ,

tu ri ng th e m wi th al l s orts o f p a i nful i n i c tio ns i n ,

ord e r to e x a c t m ore fro m th e m for th e i r fre e d o m .

H uddli ng th e m toge th e r into a d ark nois om e and

*
, ,

h orribl e buildi ng ; a nd w h e n p e rfo rmi ng th e a blu

'

t i o ns di re c te d by th e i r l aw b e a t i ng th e m wi th ,

s li rs y l t o rtu ri ng th e m wi th re ; se lli ng a nd

pp e

m aki ng sl ave s o f s om e a nd h ara ssi ng o th e rs wi th ,

vi cer o y H w m k bl e as r e ar a e fo r h i s a ffa b i l i ty an d p li t
o e ne s s,

an d d i g hi dmi i t ti
ur n s a n s ra on th e i n qu i i t i s on w as es a t bl i she d

at Go a .

O f th p i f th O d i
e y i f th A h b i h p f
r s on o e r n ar ,
. s. o e rc s o o

G oa
( ll d
ca by t
e h P t g l g w d wh i h w
e or u ue s e a o ar an c as

u se d ki d f B i d w ll t th h l y i q i i ti ) 111 D ll
as a n o r e e o e o n u s on , . e on

( w h w it v i ti m ) y
o as s Thi p i c w m f l d k sa s s r s on as or e ou , ar ,

an d h ibl th
o rr
y Ih d
e d I d b t w h th
an an o ne a s e en , an ou e er

th b
e r e ca n ed p p ll i g Wh i l t i m
o ne so na u s e o us a n a a n . s z

m d w i th i i t th i th w i f m d th t m y
ur e n , s au or as n or e a , so e e ars

bf
e o re, b t fty M l b p i t h v i g b
a ou t k d
a a ar ra e s a n e en a en an

th w ro i t th i p i
n n o th h i bl f m i w h i h th y ff d
s r s o n, e orr e a ne c e su er e

i d d f t y f th i mb t t gl th m lv wi th th
n uce or o e r nu er o s r an e e se es e

li
ne n o f th i t b e r ur an s .

1 T M h m d th m t d g di g sp i f h ti

o a a o e an, e os e ra n ec e s o c as se

m e nt .
 T O HF U T - U L - M UJ A H I D E E N . 1 07

d isgus ti ng mpl oym e nts : i n s h o rt i n the i r w h ol e

e ,

tre a tm e nt o f th e Ma h o me d a ns t h e y p rov e d t he m ,

s e lv e s to be d e v o id o f all c o mp a ssi o n In a dd i ti on to
th is s y s te m of pe rs e cu t io n a l s o th e s e F ra nks s all yi ng , ,

fo rth i n the di re c ti ons of Guz e rat th e C o nk a n a nd , ,

M al ab a r a nd to w ards th e c oas t o f A rab ia w o uld

, ,

t h e re l ie i n w a i t fo r the pu rp o s e o f i nte rc e p t i ng v e s

s e ls : i n th is w a
y t h e y i n iqui to usly a cq u i re d v a s t
,

w e al th a nd mad e nume ro us p ri s on e rs F o r h o w m a n y .
,

w o m e n o f nobl e b i rth th us m a d e c a p t iv e did th e y , ,

no t i nc arc e ra te a fte rw a rds vi o l a t i ng th e i r p e rs o n s

, ,

fo r t he p ro duc ti o n o f C hri s t i a n c h ild re n w h o w e re ,

b ro ug ht u p e ne mi e s to th e re l igi on o f Go d ( Isl a m
i s m) a nd ta ug h t to o pp re ss i ts p ro fe ss ors ! Ho w
,

m any nobl e S e ids too and l e arne d and w orth y , ,

me n did th e y not imp riso n a nd p e rs e cu te e v e n

,

u nto d e ath ! Ho w m a ny M o sl e ms b o th me n a nd ,

wo m e n did the y no t c o mp e l to e mb rac e C h ris

,

t ian i ty And h ow m any a c ts o f th is ki nd a tro ,

Cl ose i n th e r e ar

O f q t m h d th m tl y P p l h t
co n ue s ar c

e o e a a os ,

M k f ll l
on s ob th h d d m ;a c o o ur s , ro er oo s , an na es

F w i g th y d th t h ff igh t d t ib

ro n n e r e ar e cro s s , a r e r es

L k d p gh t d w h il t th m th

oo u a as , an s e cann o n s ou

Th d d b d i d p t th wi ll i g k

un er o e e n ce , ro un n ne e

I t m bl i g d
n re ti f G d n a o ra on o a o ,

Wh m o by t tut d i h i w k
, as na ure o re n s or s

Th y w e d ly i hi m y k w
sa , an on n s erc ne .

H i t i l F gm t C mb l s or ca ra en ,
u e r a nd .
 1 08 T O H F U T- U L- M UJA H I DEEN .

ci o ns and wick e d the e num e rati o n o f w h ic h would ,

re qui re v o lum e s did t h e y no t c o mmi t ! May the ,

a ll gra ci ous a nd m e r c iful Go d c on sig n t h e m to

e te rna l d e s truc t i on Fo r s ore ly did th e y o pp re ss

t h e fa i th ful s trivi ng al l o f th e m th e gre at and
, ,

p o we rful and b oth th e o l d a nd y o u ng to e ra dic a te

, ,

t he Mah o me d an re ligi on a n d to b ri n g o v e r i ts fo l ,

l o we rs to C h ris ti ani ty ( may God e ve r d e fe nd us

*

A l th ugh o th e S h i kh h
e as n ot t o ld u s so , st ill it i s c e rt a n i
th at t h e Mah o me dans of Mlb a a ar w e re , a fte r al l , the t rs

a gg r e s s o rs . Fo r, b e fo re th iv l
e arr a of th e P o rt u g ue s e in I di
n a,

F ra P liaoll t h t th
no t e N t i s Ch i ti
us f St a e e s or a n s or r s ans o .

Th m h d b
o as v d t th i g t
a o w th t th i m t l
s er e , o e r r ea s orr o , a e r or a

e ne mi th A b w es e lw y q i i g m i
ra s er e a d a s ac u r n or e n u e n ce , an

t h t th y w
a g d lly d v i g t g t th h i f p w
e e re ra ua en ea o ur n o e e c e o er

i t th i h d
n o e r w hi h an t ( d f m th p
s, on ti c a c co un an ro e e r s e cu on s

th t th y d f m th m ) th y ti d f m C d
'

a e su er e ro e e re re ro an ar a an

v i ar o u s o th p vi b l gi g t t h Z m i
er ro n cesd t e on n o e a or n, an es a

b li h d th m lv
s e i th t
e it ise f th ki g f C hi
es n e er r or es o e n o oc n .

Th y w e l d iv t h
e r e a so f m m g th i m b
r en o c oo s e ro a on e r nu er a

ki g w h w ll d B l i i t
n , o d wh w
a s ca bli g d t g g
e e a e

an o as o e o en a e

th t h wa ld d f d th m f m th M h m d
e ou e en w ll e ro e a o e an s as e as

th P g e Th b
a an s f t d f th h w v pp t g de ar e o o e a er, o e e r, a e ar s o re ar

th eseN t i l m t in t h m li gh t th P g
e s o r ans a os H e sa e as e a an s . e

d i b th i C t t n
e s cr es p i t ig
e r t nd p
a a d d
ars or r es s as n oran a ro u , an

as l i v i g l i k i ti l im l O f
n e r ra f t h m h t ll th
on a an a s . o ne o e e e s e

f ll w i g
o o d t w h i h h gi v
n an e c o e,p im f th i c e es as a s ec en o e r

m l i ty
ora Th h i ti f S t Th m e c t m d t
r s an s o . o as ar e a ccu s o e o

b t i f m th i w i v d i g L t
a s a n ro t i f m l Ch i
e r es ur n en a ce r a n e a e r s

ti anh vi g k d h C tt n w hy th i
a n as t m h d b
e ner a a ar s c us o a ee
l lO T O H F U T-U L- M UJ A H IDEEN .

h im Th e s e h a ve
b e e n o ur subj e c ts for a l e ng th
o f t im e a nd h a v e c o nt ribu te d to th e buildi ng o f
,

o ur ci ty ; h ow th e re fore is i t p o ssibl e th at w e
, ,

s h ould now ej e c t th e m Las tl y i t is w orth y ,

Of re m ark th a t t h e F ranks e nte rta i n a nti p a th y

,

a nd h atre d o nly to w ards Ma h o me dans a nd t o ,

th e i r c re e d a l one ; e vi n c i n g no dislik e tow a rds th e

N a i rs and oth e r P a ga ns o f a simil ar d e s cri p tio n

,
"

S EC T I O N I I I .

Reg a r d i ng the Trea ty e nte red i nto betw een the Z a mor i n a nd t he

F r a nks . Givi ng an a ccount, a l s o, o

f the c ons tr ucti o n, by the
l a tter, of a
f or t a t C a li cut .

No w c ons e qu e nc e o f th e l e ngth o f t im e
, in
du ri ng wh ic h h ost ili t i e s h a d b e en c arri e d o n b e
t w e e n th e F ra nks a nd th e Z a m ori n th e tre asu re s ,

a nd re s o u rc e s o f th a t c h i e fta i n b e c a m e e nt i re ly

e x h aus te d a n d t h e Mah ome d a n s re duc e d to t h e

,

l as t e x tre mi ty ; up on th e d e a th o f th at c h i e f

H ere th e Sh i kh
e s ta te s w h at w as n ot t h e cas e , s n ce o f i th e

v ct i
i ms Of A u to- d a - fes a t Goa th e gr ea t er p art, ac cor d ing to

M D ll. e on , w er e u s u al ly H i d n oo s . Th a t th e h atr e d of th e

P t g or u ue s e t o w ar d s th e Mah om e da n s w as m or e in v e ter a t e

t ha n to w ar d s an
y ot lher c a ss of p pleo e i s tr u e ; an d i t w as so

i y b u
ch e e ca se th e yf d o un i n th e m th e mo s t o b tin
s a te and

f mi d bl Opp
or a e on en t s .
 T O H FU T - U L - M UJ A H I D E EN . 111

ta i n, h is s lve d up o n p e ac e wi th the
succ e ss or re o

Franks A nd h e w as c h i e y i nduc e d to t h is
fro m the d e si re that h is Mahome d an subj e c ts
s h o uld e nj o y th e s a m e fre e d o m o f t rad e th at th e

pe o pl e o f C o c h i n and C annanore p oss e sse d a nd ,

s o re c o v e r fro m th e p o v e rty and d e c a y i nto w h ic h

t h e y h ad fa ll e n Fo r th is a nd o th e r re as ons th e n
.
, ,

h e e nte re d i nto a tre aty wi th th e F ra nks by w h ic h ,

h e c ons e nte d to t h e i r e re c ti ng a fort i n C a licu t ,

o n t h e c o ndi ti o n th at h is subj e c t s s h o uld be a t

li be rt y to na vigate fo u r v e ss e ls e ve ry y e ar to the
A rabi an c onti ne nt and to th e p orts o f Je dd ah a nd ,

A d e n Th is p aci cation c onclud e d th e s e v a g a

.
,

bo nds o n th e o ne h and s e t ab o u t buildi ng the i r

, ,

fo rt ic a t i ons c ons truc ti ng th e m wi th g re at s o li

,

d i ty ; w h ils t th e subj e c ts Of th e Z a mo ri n r on th e ,

o th e r m ad e t h e i r p re p ara t i o ns for d e sp atc h i ng

,

fou r s h ips to the A ra bi an c oa s t ( th e s e b e i ng l ad e n

Th e Zm a ori n a pp ear s i
h ms e lf t o ha v e ma d p
e e ace i
w th th e
P o rt u gu es e . Eode m tem p or e Zamori nus, p os t f a cta m cum
Lusi ta na p a cem, e mo ri tur .

M affe ius a dd s, s p k i ng Of h i
ea s s uc

ce s sor , N on mo d p o ace m rmav i t, s ed e t a i m s t ip e nd i ari u m

se Lu itani gi
e ri Lib v p 1 02
v ol ui t s re s.

. . . .

1 A c imul ci d C l cutum x tr u n d w m gn
s ,
ar ju d m
a a e e s e a a e s e

v l unt t dm ti um m chini f b i t Op u dhi b i ta

o a e a o c a s a r , e s, a

di li g nti b v i u exit imp itoqu p aas idi c mm ci um

e a re s rr : os e r o o er

cum Lu i t ni f me nte S cen ren tum t M ff ii

s a s re ar a o ov a es .

a e

H i t Li b v p 1 02
s . . . . .
 T O H F U T- U L - M UJA H I D EEN .

wi th p e pp e r and g inge r) and c omm e nc e d tra di ng to ,

G uz e rat and othe r fore ign po rts c arryi ng wi th th e m ,

p ass e s fro m th e F ranks as th e trad e rs of oth e r s tate s ,

did viz the p e opl e Of C annanore and C oc h i n ;

, .

a nd t h is a cc o mm o d at i on too k pl a c e i n t h e y e ar Of

1 44 5 th e H ij ra 9 2 0 o r 9 2 1
. O n th e re tu rn h ow e v e r to .
, ,

C alicu t of the rs t fo u r s h ips fro m th e i r v oy age

to A ra bi a th e F ranks h av ing i n th is i nte rva l
, ,

c o mpl e te d th e i r fortic ati ons forb ad e th e subj e c ts ,

o f t h e Z a m or i n fro m fu rth e r tra di ng to th e Ara

bi an c onti ne nt p roh ibi ti ng al so th e i r e xp ort i ng

,

e i th e r p e pp e r or gi ng e r ; i n th is manne r s e e ki ng

to s e cu re for th e ms e lve s a m onop oly o f th is trad e ;

a nd s o rig idly e nfo rci ng th e i r e mb arg o upo n i t ,

th at if a ny e ve n th e sm all e s t qu ant i ty o f e i th e r

o f th e a b o v e n a m e d S pic e s w as disc o v e re d i n an
y
-

v e ss e ls b ut th e i r ow n the y m ad e s e i zu re o f th e m , ,

a nd c ond e m ne d t he i r car o e s N i h s a ndi ng

"
g o tw t t

th is a ggra v ate d ty ranny and Opp re ssi o n to wards

P pp nd d m m e er a di g t F P li h vcar a u s, a cc or n o ra ao n o, a e

al w y b l g d t th y l v
a s e on d n p iv t p
e o e ro a re e nue s, an o r a e er s o n

w as ll w d t t d i th
a o eti l F m ly ( h
o ra e y) n e se ar c es . or er e sa s

th wh
o se m ggl d th m ot f th s t y h d th i n
u e s e ou o e c oun r a e r os e

an d t ff ; b t t p
e ar s cu t ( b t i x ty y
O
g ) ut h y a r e s en a ou s e ar s a o e

ar e p i h d ly w ith imp i m t Th S h i kh pp
un s e on r s on en . e e su re s s e s

th m ti
e f ll b b i ty m
en on ting f m hi
o a t ym
ar ar e ana ro s co u n r en

an d th i P g n lli
e r p b bly w ith th v i w f pl i g th
a a a e s, ro a e e o ac n e

un d b t d ty nny Of th P tug
ou e inra t ng l i gh t e or ue s e a s ro er .
1 14 T O H FU T - U L - MUJA H I D EEN .

ta nc e by wh ic h th e y
w e re re mo v e d fro m th e i r go
v e rnme nt ; fo r a l th o ug h diss e nt i o n s might aris e
a m o ngs t t h e m e t i t w a s ne v e r h e ard th a t a ny o ne
y ,

o f th e m e v e r fe ll a marty r to h i s e x e rcis e o f t h e

au th ori ty i nve s te d i n hi m Th is ge ne ra l o b e di e nc e .

to a u tho ri ty e nabl e d th e m notw i ths tandi ng th e ,

sm all ne ss Of t he i r numb e rs to o ve rc o me th e na ,

t i v e p r i n ce s o f M a l ab ar w h o a s w e ll as t h e Ma , ,

h ome d a ns w e re all i ntrigui ng for po w e r am on gs t

,

t h e ms e lv e s e v e ry man b e i ng de si ro us o f a u tho ri ty
, ,

and p re p are d to e nc o mp a ss t h e d e a th o f a l l w h o

s too d i n h is w ay to i t S o m e t im e a fte r the s e .

cu rse d Franks h ad es tablish e d th e mse lve s in C a

l icut and s e ttl e d the re th e y i nvi te d th e Z a m ori n
, ,

to a h ous e wi th i n th ei r u nd e r the p re te x t o f
p re s enti ng h im wi th c e rtai n v alu abl e gifts s ai d by ,

the m to h av e be e n s e nt for hi s a cc e p tanc e by t h e

vic eroy of th e E uro pea ns ; b ut th e i r re al i nte nti on

was th e s e izu re Of h is pe rs on Th e Z am ori n .
,

how e ve r se e i ng through th is s tra ta ge m by m e a ns

, ,

o f a sign m a d e to h i m by a c e rta i n F ra nk and ,

by th e d e c re e o f that Provid e nc e wh ic h ove r rul e s -

m a nki nd e sc ap e d fro m a m ongs t th e m a nd w as

, ,

d e liv e re d o ut Of t h e i r s nare s by th e wil l of God

mos t H igh ; and i n c ons e qu e nc e o f h is e sc a pe
, ,

O f th i i s d
nte n e d pi e ce o f p e rdy the tran s l a to r h as n ot

b bl t
e en a e o n d a ny m e nt i o n i n an
y P g
o rt u ue s e a ut hor .
 T O H F U T - U L- MUJA H I D E EN . 1 15

th e F ranks e xp e ll e d fro m th e i r s oci e ty him Of th e ir

n umb e r w h o i n s avi ng th e Z a m o ri n h ad h e
, ,

t ra y e d th e i r pu rp o s e b anish i ng h i m wi th al l h is , ,

re l at i o n s to C annanore
,
S ubs e qu e ntly to th is in .
,

t h e m o nth Of Mo h urrum i n th e y e ar 9 2 3 th e , ,

F ra nks s ail e d o ut fro m Goa wi th a v as t arm am e nt ,

c on sis ti ng of a e e t o f twe nty e ight ve ss e ls ; w h ic h -

e xp e di t i o n wa s d esig ne d a ga i ns t th e fort i e d p o rt

Of J e d d ah o f w h ic h th e y w e re d e si rous to p os
,

s e ss the ms e lv e s ; and e nte ri ng that p ort the y

t hre w th e Mah ome d ans i nh abi ti ng i t i nto a v a s t

p anic a nd confus io n It h a pp e ne d h owe v e r tha t

, ,

t h e E mi r S o lim an o f R oo m w a s th e re a t th at , ,

t im e h a vi n g wi th h i m tw o h u nd re d s oldi e rs a nd
, ,

th e g rabs w h ic h th e E gyp ti an ( C amp s o n) h ad na

v i a te d to t he M al ab ar c o a s t for th e pu rp o s e o f
g ,

b e i n g e mpl oy e d agai ns t the F ranks b ut w h ic h h e ,

h a d l e ft th e re ; a nd the i nh abi tants o p e ni ng a

h e a vy re u p o n th e e e t Of t h e F ranks a nd s o m e ,

Of th e s h ips o f th e l a tte r su ffe ri ng s e v e re ly th e se

Ho c nu nti o e r e ctu s P raetor e xt e mp l o Gi dd am i te r e di xi t .

Ut i n p f i t
co n sl i p i m i
e ct u u b u q d t i
c as s s,
p id r o n r e us ue a eo r a

t t
urn t d pes t, df i
u p p i d i v lg p
es e ra a nte e n s on e o an u o a ra re

f g m P t i d i m
u a t S li m
rze o r s i dh t ti
e n ti t it
ora, e o an a or a o re s u

ni m
a M ff ii H i t Li b i i p 1 26 It i b t ld m
os . a e s . . v . . . s u se o

th t a th wh
o u r au th F i th f l
or , n
ere n d w i ll m k e a u ar e co ce r e ,
a e

so g t ( d pp tly j t )
re a an a dmi i
ar e n th b v th
so us an a s s on as e a o e, e

p w Of h i b th n b i g w i th h i m f v u it th m
ro es s s re re e n a a o r e e e .
1 16 T O H F U T - U L- M UJA H I D EEN .

h avi ng slipp e d the i r c abl e s ho is te d al l s ail and , , ,

s te e ri ng wi th o u t th e ra nge Of the re fro m th e

b atte ri e s s h e e re d off ,
*
B ut th e E mi r S oli .

man d e sp atc h e d s o m e v e ss e ls i n pu rsui t o f the m ,

w he n i t w as disc o v e re d th at th e y h ad in th e i r e e t
s unb ooks 1 e a c h manne d wi th th i rty me n M ore
'

.
,

o v e r th e y too k i n K e mran a sm all g alli o t b e l ong ,

i ng to th e F ranks o n b o ard Of w h ic h w e re ,

t w e lve C h ri s t i an s 1 w h o m th e y b ro ugh t b a ck w i th ,

th e m to Je dd ah : a fte r th is th e s e v aga b onds s te e r ,

i ng fo r K e mram re m a i ne d th e re t ill th e c e ss a ti o n
,

o f th e w e s te rn m o ns oon w h e n th e y re tu rne d to
! ,

Go a e nt i re ly frus tra te d i n the i r d e signs

,
T h is b y .

th e D ivi ne p e rm i ssi on and th e m e rcy o f God

Th i f il u
s a re M a ffe i us as cr ib p tly t
es ar o th e in co m p e te n c
y
an d l y Of th P t i
d e a s e r az or n co mm an d , an d p tly t ar o th e s c ik
ne s swhi h b k t i
c hi ro e Ou n s e e t, an d w hi h i p
c n art o bl ig d e

hi m t b d n th t p i
o a an o e en er r se .

1 A ki d f A i ti v nl O s a c e s se re s e m bl i g g l l y
n a a e .

I Th S h i kh h e d e e re un e rrat e s th e mb nu er . For Ma ffe i us

sa y I
s, l mb L i t i n eo e o us an se
p t e n d e ci m na v i ab an t
g .

Ho w
ev h l l th v l p t
e r, e ca s e e ss e ca ur e d l e mb u s un u s ,
"
wh i ch wou ld
d g d th S h i kh g ll i t
e ra e e e
'
s a o i nt o hi ng
a s s ma c k Th p i
. e r

so n ers , di g t th b v
a cco r n o e a o e hi t i n w
s or a , e re s e n t by S l i m o an

t hi m t
o S l im S h h
s as er e a .

In e un te
j am h i e me a d C amaranum re v e rt it .

Ma ffe n
Hi s t. Lib . v ii p . . 1 25 .
 T O H FU T U L-

M UJ A HID EEN .

q ue nc e fall e n a vic tim a ge ne ra l b attl e took pl a c e

,

b e twe e n th e m ; a nd th e Maho me d ans s e nt me s

s e nge rs to a ll th e i r b re th re n i n th e n e ig h b o u ri ng

to w ns b e ggi n g th e i r a ssis tanc e i n ord e r th a t the y

, ,

migh t m a k e re tal i at i on up on th e J e ws O n th is .

a pp e a l th e M ah ome d an p opul at i on o f C a lic u t

,

and Fund re e ah ( wi t h t h e na t iv e s o f th a t p l a c e

th e ms e lves) a nd o f th e i r d e p e nd e nt vill age s a nd ,

o f K ab k at Turkoz ,
a nd S h a l e e a t
, ( wi th t h e na

l iv e s o f S h a l e e at) a nd P a r oo ra n o re
,
p g a n d Tra ,

v anco re a nd Tanoo r
,
a nd Pari no or
, a nd Tu nan , ,

a nd B al e e ngh at ( w h ic h is i n th e c o ll e c to r a te o f

S hal e e at) h a vi ng a l l l e agu e d to ge th e r p re p are d

, ,

to a tta ck th e J e ws of C ra ng anore ; d e sign i ng a t

t h e s a m e t im e to e x t i r p ate th e F ra nks a nd ,

re s o lv e d to m ak e n o t e rms wi th th e m A nd .

t h e y e nte re d i nto th is c o mbi na t i o n wi th the p e r

missi on of the Z am ori n a nd h i s e nti re ap p ro b a

t i o n Th is h a pp e n e d i n th e y e ar 9 3 1 ; and th e
.

p e o pl e of th e tow ns ab o v e n am e d e mb ark e d i n
t h e i r e e t of grabs ( w h ic h c o nsis te d o f a h un d re d

s ail) c o mm e nc e d h o s t ili t i e s a ga i ns t C ranga nore

, .

w h e re the y p ut to d e ath a gre at nu mb e r o f the

J e ws and d rov e out th e re s t to a vill a ge i n th e
,

ne igh b o u rh oo d of C ra nganore th at li e s to th e ,
.

e a s tw a rd Of i t Th e Mah ome d ans bu rnt th e i r

.

h ou s e s a nd sy na go gu e s a nd p roc e e d e d to d e s troy
,
 TO H FU T - U
L-
MUJ A H ID E E N f 1 19

e
t he ho us e s a nd c hu rc h e s Of th e C h ri s tians e
Of
th a t pl a c e ; up on w h ic h a misu nd e rs tandi ng t oo k

Th e N e s tor i ans , of w h om so m ethi n gh b as e en bf e or e s a id ,

a cco rdi n gt o Dr For s te r, . r e ce i v d the i li gi

e r re o us n o t on s , i cu s

tbm s , an d e xp r e s s on s i f ro m th Sy e ro Ne s tor i an C h i ti t r s an s a

B gd d
a a B an h
d F P li h gi v
a s so ra . ra ao no as en a v yi t t
er n ere s

mg t Of th m
a c co u n Wh h w m g t th
e . en e as a on s e m ( b t i xty
a ou s

y g )
e ar s a t h y
o t i ll
,
l b t
e d t h i A sg p ce e ra e e r a ee or l v f t
o e - ea s s, as

w as l i f m ti m
us ua n ord whi h D F er t m ti es, an c r . or s e r en o n s as

b i g ti ll t i d i th G k h h l
e n s r e a ne nTh i mb e ree c ur c a so . e r nu er s

h w vo e i M l b
e r, n h v g tly d
a a d th g t p t f
a r, a e rea e cr e a se , e re a e r ar o

th N t i
e d C hri ti
e s o r an s an f S t Th m wh ttl d th
s an s o . o as o se e e re

h v i g j i d th C th l i
a n o ne h h i n1 59 9 th i
e a i h vi g
o c c ur c s u n on a n

b ( b f m ti d ) b gh t b t by th P t g
een as e o re en one rou a ou e or u ue s e

P l t A l x i M z th t A h b i h p Of G
re a e, e s en e e s, Up e rs rc s o oa . on

th bj t Of th i igi F P li
e su ec e r dd orth f ll w n, ra ao no a u ce s e o o

i g
n i
r ea s on s pp t f hi Op i i th t th y m f m
n su or o s n on a e ca e ro

P i C h ld
er s a or 1 t B a th A b
ea : t bl i h d i
s .I di e c a us e e ra s es a s e n n a

ar e l f ig ; 2 d B
a so ore ne r sth J w th w i gi
. e cau s e e e s ere ere o r

na l ly f m P ro i ; 3d B e rs a th C h i t i f S t Th m
. e cau s e e r s an s o . o as ,

as w ll e th Of th m t i P i f ll w th Sy i
as ose e sa e s ec n e rs a , o o e r o

C h ld i it l ; 4 th B
a a c r ua th i b i h p f m ly w . e c au s e e r s o s or er er e

or d i d i P i 5 th B
a ne n th C h i t i
e rs a f S t Th m . e ca u s e e r s an s o . o as

i I di
n n l i k th Of P i w i th
a, e

os e li t p i d e r s a, ere n e e ar es er o s

N t i e s or an s
; d 6 th B an ,
t x mi ti
. e ca u s e , o n an a c cura e e a na on, a

g t imil ity i Ob v d i th w h i p d l i gi p
re a s ar s s er e n e or s an re ou s ra e

ti ce sOf b th H ft w d dd f t th t pp t th
o . e a er ar s a s a ac a a ears o e

t lt m
ra n s a o r b ti v Of hi Op i i
o re co rr o l m t th ora y e s n on , a os , an a n

o f th b v e a o ie th t th y
r e aso ns , ll G d A ll b th e v z . a e ca o a a,

H ly Gh t R h
o os &
Th v i d tly
u a,

h A bi c. ese e en ar e t e ra c

y) A ll N w h .
d t h y b
o i g i llya I d i h e Ob v e en o r na n an s , a s e ser e s,
(
K
1 20 T O H FU T - U L- M UJA H I D E EN .

pl ac e b e twe e n th e Mah ome d ans a nd the N a i rs re

sidi ng th e re and s e ve ra l Of the l atte r we re sl ai n
,

i n c ons e qu e nc e Of w h ic h th e Mah o me d ans w h o

dwe l t i n C ranganore w e re c omp e ll e d to s e e k for
s afe ty e ls e wh e re and to re m o v e to o th e r towns
,
.

In thi s ye ar a ls o th e Mahome d ans o f Durmaftum

, ,

wi h at iv e i nh abi tants o f th at pl a c e ) and

( th t e n ,

Az gar and C annanore and Tra vanc ore and

, , ,

Me il ee and C h ump anah e nte re d i nto a l e agu e

, ,

a ga i ns t th e F ra nks and m ad e w a r up on th e m i n,

th e s a m e m a nne r a s th e i r b re th re n of oth e r tow n s

h ad d one b e fore At th is t im e too c e rta i n Of

.
, ,

t h e p ri n cip al Maho me d an i nh abi tants Of C oc h i n

( m e n o f g re at l e arni ng i n th e l aw ) dis t i ngu is h e d

th e ms e lv e s by th e i r a c t ivi ty i n w ar a g a i ns t th e

Franks ; a nd a m ongs t th e s e we re A hmud Murkar -

,

and h i s b roth e r K u nj e e A l ee Murk ar a nd t he i r - -

,

mate rna l u ncl e M ah om e d A l e e M u rh ar wi th - -

,

th e i r d e p e nd e nts al l of w h om qui tti ng C oc h i n

, , ,

re m o v e d to C a licu t Now fro m th is and o th e r c i r

.

c ums ta nce s th e F ra nks ( wh o m may God c on

, ,

fou nd ! ) h avi ng b e c om e w e ll assu re d of th e inve te

ra te h os tili t y e nte rta i ne d tow ards th e m by th e grea t

wh y sh o u ld th y n e ot ha v e u sedS k i t w d ? It i
an s r or s s certa n i
t h at in Old A b i ra c a ut h ors f q re u en t d f mil i
an m ti a ar en on is
m ad e of th e N e s to r i an s , as a s e ct w ll kn w i n A b i
e o n ra a and

P i
e rs a .
1 22 T O H FU T - U L - M UJ A H I D E E N .

a nd c oll e c ti ng toge th e r th e Mahome d ans and th e

N ai r s oldi e rs Of the Z am ori n ; th e forme r ocki n g
to his s tandard ( to gh t for t he i r re l i gi on a nd th e

c ause o f God ) fro m v ari o us tow ns A nd the .

Z a mori n h ims e lf se tti ng o ut fo r C a licu t a nd th e ,

p ro visi ons o f the F ranks at th is t im e b e i ng e x

p e nd e d the y did not awa i t h i s a p p roa c h b ut
,
.
,

e v a c u a te d th e i r fort } and e mba rk e d a ll t h a t i t

.

c onta i ne d o n b oa rd th e i r s h ips to fa ci li ta te th e i r
do i ng th is th e y m ad e a n o p e n i ng in th e w all
fro m wi th i n th e fort a nd i n a p art w h ic h w as no t ,

visibl e to th os e w h o w e re wi th o u t a nd ab and on
'

i ng t h e fort th e y s e t s a il i n th e s h ips a nd w e n t
,

aw a
y T w h,ic h e v e n t h a pp e ne d o n t h e l 6 th d a
y o f

Ac d e mum H en ri cu s
p e rtaas u s d
In i cae l e v i ta t i s , et

M ah o m e tan as p e rdi ae, p r ae s i di um ab d uce r e ab C a l e cu to , et

a rce m , a fun d am e n ti s e x ci n d e re s ta t ui t.

M a ff . Hi t s . l ib . v iii .

p 1 67
. . The S h i kh e h as o m i tt de th e i
c r c u m s ta n ce Of th e

d e s tr u ct o n i Of th f
by th P t ge o rt i tica on s , e or u ue se .

Th t t p h th t
e ca as r o di g t M ff i f ll w d th i
e a , a cco r n o a e us, o o e e r

ev ti f th f t t C l i t i t v ll d d t by
a cu a on o e or a a cu , s no e en a u e o o ur

auth E g m i t p p g l i Op
or, r o, ur s e bt l
ro u n a cu s, e re s u e rran e o , s u

t h i l
ur e i d m
u ue r s i m b di i i t ed i m il i ti b
or e c o t su v s e n
p p p a : us e

m h i ni ac m iq s i t m t o
p ti m i
n ue v im p it
ns r u en o ra n na es os o

( i i f
c u u s re l t t m t t l
a cu i t ti
a e t b p e t b t )
na u r a oc e na u ca ur a r ee s a a

ig i i j t i t b b i ill i
n e s cav ern s i q id f t p d
n ec , e ar ar s co , s u or e rie es

el i t m t lid t m it t i m i g ( t ta
'

r c u t esse , s o ia e er a e n ar ce n res s s an

i nes t komi ni bus ra

p i endi l i bi do) i nt i m
er e s
p e c ub u s coe ci s
 T o n s ur - u r -
mum n r n s n rv . 1 23

Mo h urrum ,
y e ar 9 32 A nd the re w ere
i n th e .

s l a i n fro m th e c o mm e nc e m e nt o f t h e w a r u
, p to

t he vic tory o f t he N a i rs o f t h e Z a mori ns a nd s o l

'

d i e rs O fc e rs and Of th e Mah ome d ans upw a rds

, , ,

Of a th o us and p e rs o ns ! N e ve rth e l e ss th e rag e o f ,

the F ra nks i nc re a se d te n fo ld w h ils t th e i r a ni -

,
.

mo s ity tow a rds the M aho me d ans w as h e ighte ne d

to t h e l a s t d e g re e fro m t h is c a p tu re Of t he i r fo r t

a nd i n t h is p o s t u re a ffa i r s h ad re m a i n e d fo r a l o ng

pe ri od w h e n the Ma home d ans no twi th s tandi ng

, ,

a ll t h a t t h e y h ad su ffe re d i n th e i r w ars a g a i ns t th e

Fra nks ag a i n tte d o ut small grabs and re co m

,

me nc e d t ra di ng ; s a ili ng to G uz e rat a nd o th e r
p orts c arryi ng h o w e ve r no p a ss e s fro m t he
, , ,

Franks b ut b e i ng p re p a re d for re sis tanc e ; a nd

,

th e y c o mm e nc e d a ls o e xp ort i n g for th e ab o v e ,

m ark e ts p e pp e r gi ng e r a nd o th e r articl e s o f
, , ,

t ra d e .A l th oug h s o m e o f the s e c onsignm e nt s

re a c h e d th e i r d e s t i na t i on i n s afe ty y e t t h e ,

g re a te r p a rt o f th e m e i the r fe ll i nto the h ands o f

th e F ranks or w e re l os t a t s e a throug h th e i r ln

s trume nta li t a nd b e ho ldi ng t h is t h e p e o pl f

y ; e o ,

D urmuftun a nd th e i r fo ll o w e rs and d e p e nd e nts ,

to w ards th e cl o s e Of th is s e a s o n e nte re d i nto a ,

tre a ty o f p ea c e wi th th e F ra nks and ag a i n ,

e ru mp ente s mo mento ammze p l e ros qu e h a us e re : et cu m

h o rri b ili s tre p it u maeni um s t ruct ura di s s ilii t Li

. b v iii p
. . . 16 7 .
1 24 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E E N .

s ai l e d u nd er th e p rote c ti on o f th e i r p a ss e s as the y ,

h ad d one b e fo re du ri n g th e i r a rmis tic e wi th t h at

nati o n B ut th e subj e c t s o f th e Z a m ori n and
. ,

tho s e c onne c te d wi th t h e m l ong p e rs e v e re d i n ,

carryi ng on h o s tili ti e s a g a i n s t th e se th e i r fore ign

e ne mi e s ; i nd e e d t ill th e y h ad e x h aus te d t h e i r
,

re s o u rc e s and h ad a rriv e d a t a s ta te Of th e gr e a te s t
,

p ove rty "

And i n th e y e ar 9 3 5 a sh ip b e l ongi n g
.
s
,

t o th e F ranks w as w re ck e d o ff Tanoo r i n c o us e ,

u e n e f t h e vi o l e nt a nd sudd e n s e t ti n g i n o f th e
q c o

ra i n y s e a s on N ow th e R ay Of th at pl ac e a fford
.

i ng a id to th e c re w th e Z a m ori n s e nt a m e ss e nge r
,

to h i m d e m a ndi ng of h i m t h e su rre nd e r Of th e

F ra nks w ho c o mp os e d i t toge the r wi th suc h p arts ,

Of th e c argo Of th e s h ip as h ad b e e n s av e d ; b ut
t h at c h i e fta i n h a vi ng re fus e d c ompli a nc e wi th

t h is d e m and a t re at y o f p e a c e w as e nte re d i nto

,

by the F ranks wi th h i m ; T and from th is t im e

I nt er h wc I ndi co mar i ab Lu s ita ni s v eh e menter inf es to ,

Cal e cutana co mme r ci a m a gi s in di es i mmi n ui n e g o tia tore s

et inqui l ini l p ti m i n li
p artim gad s uo s ar e s , ar a en a re na

mi g M if H i t li b ii p 4 7 Th i p g m t
rar e . a . s . . . . . s as s a e a ou n s

to an a dmi i f p i y th p t f th P t gu
s s on o Th t
r ac On e ar o e or u e se . a

A lb q q u C p li
u er d Alm i d w
ue, in
a m
ra p t
s an e a ere so e re s ec

b th i w hi t i
u ccan e ers , l ly p v
"
e r o n s o r e s c e ar ro e.

1 Th t
'

lt h be bl t d l w h
r an s a o r
y m
as ee n un a e o n e se e r e an en

t i n Of th i
o hipw k ; M ff i m ti th t ty t d
s s re c a e us en on s e r ea e n e re

i t by th P t g
n o w i th th R
e or u
y Of T n bu t d
ue s e ,i b e a a oo r, escr es
 1 26 -
T O HF UT- U L- M UJ A H I D E E N .

b ee n drow ne d w h ils t thos e w ho e sc ap e d the

,

w ave s and re ac h e d th e l a nd w e re sl ai n by th e
Mah ome d ans La rge qu an ti ti e s o f wo oll e n cl o th s
.

w e re Ob ta i ne d from th e w re cks o f th e s e v e ss e ls ;
b ut b e s id e s th e s e th e re w a s noth i ng s a v e d In .

t h is m anne r did th e Z a m ori n Ob ta i n o v e r th e m

a S i gn al vic tory ; a n d t h us did Go d frus trate t h e

d e sig ns Of th e F ranks and th e i r a lli e s out Of h is

grac e a nd divi ne fa v o u r *
S ubs e qu e ntly i n th e .
,

y e a r 9 3 7 o r 9 3 8 s om e o f the subj e c ts o f th e Z a
,

m ori n a nd o th e rs am ongs t wh om we re A ll e e ,

Ib rah im Murk a r a nd h i s ne p he w K utte e Ib ra him

-
,
-

Murkar and oth e r p e rs ons o f dis ti nc ti on s e t s a il

, ,

i n a e e t o f th i rty g ra bs for Guz e ra t th e Obj e c t ,

Of th e i r vo yage b e i ng g e ne ra lly trad e and th e ,

g re a te r p art o f th e m s te e re d for th e p o rts o f TO

re e and S hrat w h ils f m p ro c e e d e d

j a t a e w o f t,h e

t o B ass orah : w h e n th e F ranks on b e i ng a pp riz e d ,

Of i t e quipp e d an arm am e nt o f g a lli o ts a nd

,

o th e r v e ss e ls to a tta ck th e m ; a nd s a ili ng i nto

th e riv e rs a t Toj are e and S u rat th e y s e iz e d ,

U p on thi s s i gn l a d i s co mture (w h i ch h ow e v p b bly er ro a

amounte dt m th th l
o no ore an e os s o f a fe w s m ll v l)Mf
a esse s a

f i i alt g th il t Th t
e ns s o e er s en . a th e S h i khe

s a cco unt o f th e

t t ph
c a a s ro i th
e wh l t
s on e o e r ue , may b e p re s u me df ro m th e
y th t it m t h v b n
a c c ur ac a us a e ee seen he u s ua lly di s pl ya s i n hi s
d t i l Of v t
e a e en s .
 T O H FU T - U L - M UJ A H I D E E N . 127

e ve ry th i ng that w as lyi ng the re c a p tu ri ng e ve ry ,

g ra b a nd m aki ng p riz e o f e ve ry th i ng fo u nd o n
b o ard ; b ut th e v e ss e ls lyi ng a t a nc ho r at B as
s o rah e sc a p e d th e i r h a nds Pr i or to th is d a te .
,

a ls o th e re h a d fall e n i nto t h e i r p o ss e ssi o n a l a rg e

,

n umb e r o f g rabs th at w e re e mpl o y e d i n t h e s e rvic e

o f S ul ta n B ah a du r S h ah of Guz e ra t -
wh om may ,

Go d ( b e c a us e o f h is h o ly re sis ta nc e to th e s e i n
d e l s ) h e re afte r gre at ly re w ard ! A g re at m a ny
grabs a ls o b e l ongi ng to th e p e o pl e o f M a l ab ar
, , ,

h ad a t di ffe re nt t im e s b e e n c a p t u re d by th e m ;
a l l t h is h a pp e ne d a cc o rdi ng to t h e d e c re e s of

Go d a nd fro m H is o m n ip o te nt will
,
N e v e rthe . .

l e ss to Go d and to w ards H im a l one d o I l oo k i n

, ,

hop e ! *
N o w fro m th e c a us e s ab o v e re l ate d th e
, ,

p ow e r o f th e Maho me d ans su ffe re d g re atly w h ils t ,

t h e i r ci rcums tan c e s b e c a m e imp ov e ris h e d to th e

l a s t d e g ree .

Th i s is an e xp i
re s s o n Of i g
re s i d by th f ll w
na t o n u s e e o o e rs

of P ph t i
th e ro e n a l l th e r i di t
s res s es . I t h A lf L i l h (
n e e a or

A b i n N i gh t ) i t
ra a s o cc ur s a t l
e ast a h und d ti m
re es .
128 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E E N .

S EC T I O N V .

R e la ting the bui ldi ng o

f the f o r t at S ha le e a t by the F ra nks , a nd

t he a cco mmod a tion a ga i n brought a bout between the m a nd the

Z a mori n .

a v e nt h app e ne d i n the foll owi ng m anne r

s e

o ne o f th e p r i n cip a l m e n
*
Of th e F ra nks s e tt i ng ,

o ut fro m C o c h i n by l a nd a nd c o nc e a li ng hi s d e ,

sig ns u nd e r the fals e and tre a c h e rous p re te nc e o f

p e ac e p re s e nte d h imse lf b e fore th e Z a m ori n N OW
,
.

th is p e rs on w as m a s te r o f th e g re ate s t sub til ty

a nd cu nn i ng a nd c a p a bl e o f e mpl o yi ng t h e d e e p e s t
,

s tratage ms He w as a cqu a i nt e d m oreo ve r wi th

.
, ,

c e rta i n o f th e c h i e f Mah o me d ans ( o f M al ab ar) w h o

w e re e nga ge d i n trad e a nd h a d trans ac te d busi ,

n e ss wi th th e m a t th e t im e w h e n t he a rmis tic e

b e twe e n th e Zam ori n a nd th e F ranks p e rmi tte d

suc h i nte rc o u rs e And p ro c e e di ng o n to Fu nan
.
,

fro m th e nc e h e w e nt to th e R ay o f Tanoor wi th ,

wh o m h e re m a i ne d in c onsul ta ti o n u nt il h e h ad
e ffe c te d a rec o n cili a ti o n b e tw e e n h i m a nd th e

Z a m ori n N ow th e Z a m or i n w h o c a p tu re d the
.
,

fort of th e F ranks a t C a licu t w as w e a k and ,

Eith
lp her Alb q q
A hi
on s o F i m
u ue r u e , or s s on ran s s co , us t

b h
e ll d d t
ere a u the tw p o, pp t h v
as e se o e r s on s a e ar o a e con

d t d t h g t p t f th g t i t i
uc e e rea er t
ar d i t b tw
o e ne o a o n s e n er e n o e een

th P t g
e or u d th Z m i bu
u e s e an t th i ti m e a or n a o s e.
1 30 T O H FUT - U L- M UJ A l l l DEEN .

*
tw o p ara s angs The Z am ori n h a d give n th e m
.

p e rmissi on to build th is pi e c e o f fortic ati on a fte r ,

hi s a cc o mm o d ati o n wi th th e R ay o f S h a l e e a t ; a nd
i n c ons e qu e nc e o f th is p e rmissi on th e F ra nks ,

s e tti ng s a il in a l a rge v e ss e l l a d e n wi th al l th e
ne ce ss a ry ma te ri a ls a nd i n s trum e n ts fo r buildi ng

t h is fo rt a rrive d i n th e S h al e e a t r iv e r a t th e e nd
,

o f R ubi a l A k h i r
-
i n th e y e ar 9 3 8
-
,
H e re th e y .

c o ns truc te d fortic at i on s o f g re a t s o lidi ty a nd

s tre ng th ; T a nd t hrowi ng d ow n th e anci e nt Jami e
m o squ e w h ic h h ad b e e n e re c te d th e re o n th e rs t
,

i ntro d u c ti on o f Isl a mism i n M a l a b ar ( a nd o f w h ic h ,

wi t h t h e m ore m o d e rn mo squ e s m e nti o n h a s b e e n ,

m ad e i n th e p re c e di ng p age s) th e y to ok t h e s tone s ,

w h ic h h ad c o mp o s e d th is b u i ldi ng a s m a te ri a l for
th e i r fort to w h ic h t h e y a ls o a dd e d a c h urc h B ut
,
.

w h ils t e nga g e d i n the buildi ng o f th is fort o ne o f ,

T h e w or di n th e A bi i fra c s a
)
; f ur s ukh e i n ; a fur

kh R i h
su c ar d s on co n ids b ut
er s a o f e e t, or a b o ut 3g

E gl i h mi l
n s es. Th e i m ti v
r i n th
o es e c o n s tr u ct i o n of th i fs o rt

we re h e r e co rre ct ly enou gh j dg d f u e o . Is l o cu s u lt C l
ra a e

c u tu m d ua s l e u cas a
pp i m
r vi g b i l i
ms t uar i o i m p o s i tu s
e na a ,

2 mi re a d Ara bum i n es ta nda commercia , e t Z a mori ni

f a ctus f

era t

cons ilia exp l ora nda .

M f
ai . H i t l ib x i p 208
s . . . . .

1 M affe i u s , s p ki g
ea n of th e b i ldi g f th i f t
u n o s or , sa y s: Ibi
er g P
o raet o r q i u e to C al e cu tano , ne q ue ad i mp e di e n dam as d i

c a ti o n e m aus o i ni r e certa m e n, ar ce me gr e g iam o p er e mi lit i

ar

p au c si di eb us e x s tr uxi t .

Li b . xi p . 208 .
 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H l D E E N . 13 1

the F ranks h a vi ng c arri e d a w a y a s tone o f the

J a mi e m os q u e a b ov e a llud e d to th e Mah ome d ans
,

o f S h a l e e at c o mpl a i ne d to t h e vic e ro y o f th at

n a ti on , w h o i n c o ns e qu e nc e p roc e e d e d th i th e r
wi th s o m e o f h is of c e rs a nd g ave o rd e rs
,

t h a t s to ne s a n d quicklim e s h o uld b e suppli e d by

th e l a tte r for th e w ork ; p ro misi ng th e Mah ome

d ans a t th e s a m e t im e th a t no m ate ri als b ut suc h

, ,

a s w e re t h e p ro p e r ty o f th e F ra nks s h o uld b e

ta k e n fo r buildi ng th e s e fo rt ic a t i o ns O n t h is
.

t he Mah o me d ans b e i ng s a tis e d w e nt away fe e l

, ,

i ng i nd e e d th ankful ; b ut th e d a y a fte r t h is o nly ,

th e F ran ks c o mi ng a g a i n i n a v a s t c o nc o u rs e p ro ,

c e e d e d e nt i re ly to d e m o lis h t h e J a mi e m o squ e s o ,

t h a t no t o ne s to ne re m a i ne d u p on a no th e r Be .

h oldi ng th is th e Mah ome d a ns re ne w e d th e i r re

,

m o ns tranc e s to th e vic e ro y ; b u t th is p e rs o n i n ,

re ply to th e i r c o mpl a i nt a nsw e re d th e m th at t h e

, ,

R a y o f th e to w n to w h ic h t h e y b e l o n ge d h a d s o ld
t o t he F ra nks b o th t he m o squ e a nd t h e g ro u n d

o n w h ic h i t s too d. O n h e ari ng t h is th e y re tu rne d

muc h d ej e c te d ; for a fte r th is th e y we re c o m
p e l l e d to a ss e mbl e for p ra y e r i n a sm a ll m o squ e ,

si tu ate d a t a gre at dis tanc e fro m th e i r dw e lli ngs .

In a ddi t i o n to a l l th is th e s e wick e d me n d e m o
,

l is h e d th e to mbs o f th e M o sl e ms a nd c arri e d o ff
,

t h e s tone s o f w h ic h th e y h ad b e e n buil t to co m

l t t h i r fo rtre ss B f re i t w as nis h e d h ow
p e e e . e o ,
 1 32 T O H FU T - U L - M U JA H I B B E N .

e ve r ,
Z am ori n di e d wh e n h is b roth e r ( o f w hom
th e ,

s om e a cc o u nt h a s b e e n b e fore giv e n) succ e e d e d

h im ; a nd h e pu tt i ng a n e nd to th e a rmistic e , ,

c omm e nc e d h o s tili ti e s a ga i ns t th e R ay o f S hal e e a t ,

a nd l a id w a s t e h i s te rri tor y ; s o th a t at l e ng th h e

c o mp e ll e d to submi t to th e Z a m ori n a nd to ,

impl ore suc h te rms fro m h i m a s th at c h i e fta i n w as

dispo s e d to dic tate A nd in th is y e ar th e e mi r *
.

M ustafa o f R oo m arrive d fro m M ah u nah a t Diu , , ,

o ff Guz e ra t b r i n gi n g wi th hi m s o m e c a nno n a nd
,

muc h v a lu abl e p rop e rty And th e p ri nc e Togh un .

,

th e s on o f ki n g Ay as s w as a t th is t im e e x e rcisi ng ,

t h e g o ve rnm e nt a t Di u a s th e re p re s e nta t iv e o f ,

sul ta n B ah ad ur S h ah S hortly a fte r th e arriv al .

o f th e e mi r at Di u th e F ra nks m a d e th e i r a p ,

e a ra nc e b e fore i t e nte rt a i n i ng a d e sig n o f s e izi ng

p ,

up on th e pl ac e ; b ut th e e mi r e nga ge d the m d ro v e ,

th e m b a ck a nd re puls e d t h e i r a t ta ck wi th g re a t
,

v igour ; T th e F ra nks by th e p e rmissi o n o f God ,

M a ffe i u s , s p ki g
ea n of th i E mi
s r, s a y s : T ur cas tr ec entos

M u s ta a f d u ceb at ( ma k ing no m e nt i on o f a n
y g uns , h ow

ev r b) . Lib xi p . . . 21 1 .

1

Th i w ths f l xp di ti f th P t N
as e uns u c ce s s u e e on o e r ae or on

ni wh
u s, by th g ll t y f th T k M t f h w
e n, e a an r o e ur us a a, e as

co mpl t ly d f t d M ff i
e e d i bi g th h g in d g
e ea e . a e us e s cr n e c a r an ra e

of th P t e t th i xp t d p l
rae or y S b l ti
a s un e ec e re u s e, sa s : u a s

an ch or s i f r endens g emens que i it

rr o conat u ad B e tel em r e di i t.

Lib . xi . p . 208 Th . i s, th e thi r d atte m pt g i a a ns t Di u, w as ma d e,

134 T O H FU T - U L - M UJ A H I D E EN '

t o th e p orts of A rabi a
b e i ng a rrange d . A nd th is ,

c e rta i n o f hi s v e ss e ls at onc e s e t s a il for the Ara

bi an m ai n his subj e c ts al so ge nerally re com
,

me nce d t radi n g t o di ffe re nt c ou ntri e s c arryi ng ,

th e p ass e s o f t h e F ranks A nd a fte r th is p a cic .

-

adj us tm e nt th e Z a m o ri n s a lli e d fo rth to a tta ck

th e R a y o f Tanoo r c o nti nui ng to w ar aga i ns t ,

a n d p u rsu e h i m u ntil h e p urc h as e d p e a c e by

,

s urre nd e ri ng to th e Z am o ri n th e l a nds c ontigu ous

to Fu n an a nd th e isl a n d i n t h e n e i g h b o urh oo d
,

o f S ha le e a t ; th e F ra nks w h o h a d c o m e fro m
l ae
,

C o c h i n fo r th e p urp o s e o f buildi ng th e fort a t

,

S h al e e a t a c ti n g a s m e di a to rs b e tw e e n t he m i n
,

th i s p ac i ca tion S h ortly afte r th is p e ac e b e i ng

.
,

m ad e b e tw e e n the s e c h i e fta i ns K h oaj e h H oss e i n ,

S a nj akd ar th e Tu rk and K anj e e A l e e Murka r ,

- -

th e b ro th e r i n l a w o f Ah mu d Murk a r a rr iv e d i n
- - -
,

c e rta i n gra bs b ri ngi ng wi th th e m v as t p re s e nts

,

fro m th e sul tan B ah a du r S h ah j t o th e Z am ori n '

Th e R ay of Ta noor e ar ly v i
e n ce dt o w ar d s th e P ort u gu es e

a f i dly di p i ti
r en h th
s h ti l i ty
os f th Z m i
on : e n ce e os o e a or n.

H e v t lly b m
e e n ua v t t th C th l i l i gi
e ca e a co n er o e a o c re on,

h vi g b
a n b p ti d t G
e en a z e a oa .

1 Thi p i Ms ff i ( w h
r n ce l l hi m B d
a i S lt n
e us
) o ca s a ur u s u a us

h d ib d
as e s crly i th l g g w h i h S ll t ppl i d t
e n e ar n e an ua e c a us a e o

C ti li
a wq
ne i p di g t ue
p li ni
su H ddro us, e ra ax a e .

e a s

aft w d th t h w
er ar s, N minu a m t mp t
e H w
as u co n e o r. e as
 T O Il F U T - U L - M U J A H I D E EN .

b e sid e s muc h m one y ; the sul tan b e i ng d e si ro us

o f e ng agi ng t h e Z a mori n s i nu e nc e

tow ards i n ,

d uc i ng th e Ma h o me d ans o f M a l ab ar to p ro c e e d
to Guz e ra t to c o o p e ra te wi th th a t m on arc h i n a
,
.
-

m a ri t im e w arfare a ga i ns t the F ranks B ut th e .

missi on o f th e s e p e rs ons w as u nsucc e ssful N ow .

t he d ate o f t h e i r a rriva l a t C a licu t w as th e l 6 th o f

R ubi a l a wal in t h e y e ar 9 4 1
- -
, .

S EC T I O N VI I .

R ega rdi ng the p ea ce ma d e between S ul ta n Ba ha da r S ha h a nd

the F ra nks a nd the g ra nt o

f tha t mona rch to them f
o certa i n

or ts
p .

N o w i n t he l atte r p art of th is y e ar sul tan ,

Humaioon B ads h ah ,
*
t he s on of B abu r B ad -

li
s a n f y w i th th P t gu
in an a f ra e or u e s e, an a c co unt o f his d e ath

sh tly f ll w i g
or o o n .

DH b l t

p th th ity f
er e o , u on e au or o Mirkh ond an d Kh on

d mi t h t
e r, th i S l t d
us t r a ce s s u an s

e s ce n Homai oun, l s d e
Bb a B b l d Om S h ikh
or o u a ur , s

ar c e , l s d Ab u -s a

id , l s d e

Miran s ch ah l s d e T i mur B i bl i O i t l
,
ou Tame rl an .

o. r en a e .

H d d h i f th B b A D 1 5 3 0 M ff i p k f
e s ucce e e s a er a ur , . . . a e us s ea s o

hi m Ras Mi m di m g T mb l
ex i gi m t
ra u us , a a no a er an e or ne ra

h l Lib x i p 209 Thi p i

en s

- d d th th
. .f . .
. s r n ce a s ce n e e r one o

D lhi (th t tim ) i th y 1 5 30 A ft

e e rs ig f t e n e e ar . e r a re n o ro u

bl h w
es emp ll d i 1 54 2 t
as f co f ty t P i e e , n , o
ee - or s a e o ers a .

Ni y ne ft th i h w
e ars t d t h i k i gd m
a er Hi s e a s res o re
i o s n o .
-
s
136 T O H F U T - U L- MUJ A H I D E EN .

s hah ( may th e y b oth re st in p e a c e ! ) afte r h a vi ng

*

c onq uere d D e l h i and th e c ou ntry a ro und i t tu rne d ,

h is s te ps towards Guz e ra t l ayi ng w as te th a t c o u n ,

t ry and d rivi ng b e fo re h im B ah a du r S h ah ; w h o i n ,

c ons e qu e nc e d re adi ng th e l o ss o f h is d omi ni o ns

,

from th e attack s of th at m o na rc h s e nt m e sse nge rs ,

to the F ranks b e ggi n g th e i r a ssis tanc e W h e re .

up on the y c o ns e nti ng to afford i t to him a nd

, ,

h a vi ng re p a i re d to h i s succ o u r W i th al l e xp e di ti o n ,

a tre at y of a lli an c e and a mi t y w a s e nte re d i nto

b e twe e n th e m ; he th e sul tan m aki ng ov e r to , ,

t h e m c e rt ai n p orts as a c onsid e rat i on fo r t h e i r a i

,

li ance viz W us s e Muh a e e m and oth e rs T A nd

,
.
, , .

d e a th , a ccor di g t
n o Fe r i s h ta, w as me l an ch o ly H h d b . e a e en

wa lki g th n on y l li be t e rr a ce of th e ro a rar y t D l h i d w h il
a e , an e

d di g t h
e s ce n t i n t g b l w th e s a rs o o e o , e s ti k w hi h h h d i
c c e a n

hi h d
s d
an w hi h h
, w
an ti gon c e as res n ,
lip p d d th k i g
s e , an e n

i
n c on s e q w p j t d f w d
u e n ce as ro ec e or ar s . Wh t k p h
en a en u e

w as i i bl
ns e n sd b t f d y ft
e , an a ou o ur a s a er ( F i h t t ll )
er s hi a e s us s

s p i it t k i t igh t t P di
r oo sH o ar a se . e di d i t h y 1 5 5 6
e n e e ar ,

a g d fifty
e ft i gni g t d i ff
-
on e , a er re n a e ren t i t v l f n ertw ty a s or en

ve y e ar s .

Th i p i w s f Om Sh ik h M i z
r n ce d w
as s on th o ar e r a, an as e

t f th h
rs o f T im e ft Tim h im lf th t i gn d
o us e o o ur, a er o ur se , a re e

o v D lhi H
er e d d th th
. in 1 4 75
e as ce n d di d i 1 5 3 0
e e r on e , an e n .

1 O th p p u h f th E mp e a t w d Di
ro ac B h du o e e r or o ar s u, a a r

Sh h O t m p t d p i d N nni m mi it ip ti q
a : r a or e e en ae ac s a o u s , s cr s ue

t b i gn ti
e o diti ni b
s J i R gi B in m i i q
a s con o us, o ann e az a u , v c na s ue
1 38 T O H FU T - U L- MUJA H I D EEN .

B ah adu r S h ah s h ould m e e t h i s d e ath at the i r

h a nds ; for s o i t h app e ne d h e h avi ng b e e n kill e d ,

by the m and hi s b o dy sw a ll ow e d up in the

,

s ea
*
To God
. a nd t o w ards h im a l o ne do , ,

4" Th e S h ikh
g i l ty f g t w t f d e nth i
is u o a re a an o c an o ur o s

i i pp i g th p t i l f B h d Sh h
o c ca s o n, n su re s s n e ar c u ar s o a a ur a s

d th Th i p i h d
ea . f lly tt mpt d th
s r n ce i a u n s u c ce s s u a e e e a ss as s n a

ti f N
on o i N d C h
o nn us , th P t g p t or un o e un a, e or u u e se rae o r

an d i th ff y t h t f ll w d th d i
n e a v y f thi p i
ra f a o o e e s co er o s e ce o

t h y t
re ac v i d f ll i g i t th h d f th P t g
er ,
o a o a n n o e an s o e or u u e se

( w h w o t h p i t f t k
er e oni g h i m ) h l p t i t th e o n o a n , e ea n o e s e a,

wh h i d th
e re d i g t M ff i w
s ea th th, lt f
a ccor n o a e us, a s ra er e re su o

a cci d t th d ig ; w h i k i g h ll d t f h lp
en an es n e n, s n n e ca e ou or e ,

whi h w cb t t b ff d d t h i m ; w h
as a ou y M ff i o e a or e o en , s a s a e u s,

d m i ll iu m m d d d mp re ig it P i p t
u
p a e va en u o rr a v a, r ae er e xs ec

ta t i o n e m a
q u o d am e n a nt s i i n mae s or t s i h o min e con to s eu

h a s t a co n ci tur . E xan im e c or p us cum di ut i u s ui ta s s e t s ub

s i d it d e i nd e , q
ne ue u n q u am a
pp ar ui t .
- Li b . xi . p . 21 4 .

W ith a v i e w C l l B igg i h i
to se tti g th i
n s m att er at r e s t, o on e r s, n s

t l ti
ra n s a f F i ht onh gi v t w l g xt t
o er s a, as en o on e ra c s , o ne

f m F i yS
ro h i t y f th P t g
ar a - - i A ious a s d

s or o e or u
\
ues e n s a, an

th e th of m th M i t I k d y b th l ti g ( i th i
er ro e ra s un ur , o re a n n e r

w y ) th i t t ph Th f m
o w n a s t f th
ca a s ro e . e or er s a cco u n o e

m tt a ti ly g
er w i th t h t g i v
en re by M ff i i t m a ree s a en a e us s ee s,

h w v
o eth t th w
er, i t ti af t h y b th e re as an n en on o rea c er ,
on o

id Th th f th M i t I k d y t d i ff

s es . e au or o e ra s un ur s a cco un e rs

b t l i t tl f m F i ht wh w h l ti g th d th f
u e ro er s a s, o en re a n e ea o

B h d Sh h y
a a ur Th dmi l f th t mpl i d
a , sa s : e a ra o e ee co a ne

f o v i d i p it i
se er e x uef n t w i ti g s thos on as an e c s or no a n on e

ki g w h il h
n th, th h d t h g h t t h t th i
e vi
e on e o er an ou a e r s er ce s

migh t v nt lly b f e i hi we w i th H m i
ua P d e o us e n s ar o a oo n a
 T O H FU T- U L- MUJ A H ID E EN . 1 39

I l oo k i n h o p e ! For th e at of Go d wh ic h is ,

i rre v e rsibl e h ad gone forth N o w th is m onarc h

,
.

w a s sl a i n o n th e 3 d of R a mz an i n t h e y e ar 9 4 3 , .

A nd a fte r sul ta n B a h adu r S h ah h a d t h us b e e n

a dd e d t o th e numb e r o f m arty rs th e s e F ranks ,

c onqu e ri ng th e w hol e o f Di u s e ttl e d there ; suc h ,

b e i ng the d e c re e of th e A ll graci o us th e A ll wis e -

,
-

for a g a i n s t th e will of God th e re is no a v a il no r

c a n H is re s o l ve s b e div e r te d Now i n th e y e ar 9 4 4 .

t he F ranks m a d e a d e sc e n t o n P ura no or killi ng ,

i n th is a tta ck K utte e Ib ra h im Murk ar th e ne p h e w ,

o f A ll e e Ib ra h i m M u rk ar b e sid e s o th e rs a t th e , ,

s a m e t im e ; a nd a fte r h a vi ng c o mmi tte d g re at

d e v as tati on t he y re tu rne d b e i ng guil ty o f th is ,

wanto n a tta ck no twi th s tandi ng t h at th e y w e re

,

at p e a c e wi th th e R ay o f Tan o or a nd h i s p e o pl e ,

w h o wi th th e i nhab i ta nts o f P uranoor w e re s a ili ng

fro m p ort to p o rt u n p re p are d fo r suc h us age ; th e

,

o cc a si o n o f w h ic h i t a pp e are d w a s t h a t a v e ss e l ,

s h ah B h d Sh fa d n d d t v i i t th
a ur a h th e r e ore c on e s ce e o s e

a dmi l b d ;
radw g i g v t h i d f th h i p
on o ar an as o n o er e s e o e s on

hi tu s rewh th b t w
rn, h v d ff d t h k ing f ll
en e oa as s o e o , an e e

i t th w t
n o A E p e wh w l i g v th
a er . ur o e an o as e an n o er e

hip i d th w b d i g p i k t hi m w h i h t i g h i

s s s e, re a o ar n e a , c en er n s

k ll h i mm di t ly k d w d w d It gh t t
s u , e e a e s un an as ro ne .

ou o

b b v d th t th ki g d th h pp d ft E mm l
e o s er e , a e n

s ea a e ne a er an u e

d S e th g v
o u s a, f Di h d b n t
e h
o ly l i
er n o r o u, a ee re a c e ro us s a n,

w h il t b d B h d Sh h b t
s on o ar a a ur a

s oa .
14 0 T O HF U T - U L - M U JA H I D E E N .

had s a il e d to the p ort of J e ddah l ad e n wi th p e pp e r ,

and gi ng e r, wi th ou t th e p ass o f th e F ra nks h a vi ng

b e e n tak e n out w h o to p re ve nt a re p e t i t i on h ad
, , ,

re c o u rs e to t h e ab o v e m e n ti o ne d ac t o f vi o l e nc e ;
-

as by p e rmi tti ng th is t ra d e i n p e pp e r a nd gi nge r

w ic i d d h y h a d m a d e c ontra b a nd ) to b e
( h h n e e t e

c arri e d o n wi th o u t the re s tric t i on o f th e i r p ass e s ,

th e y ne c e ss arily w o uld b e c o m e g re at l o s e rs a nd ,

e sp e ci a lly if suc h w e re c a rr i e d o n to a n l a rg e
y
e x te nt wi th th e p o rt o f J e dd a h In c ons e qu e nc e .
,

h ow e v e r o f w h at th e y h a d d one th e Z a m o ri n s e t
, ,

o ut fo r C ra ng anore to a tta ck th e m a nd th e i r a lly

,

t h e R ay o f C o c h i n B ut a fte r a ll owi ng s om e d ays

.

to b e l o s t Go d i nfus e d i nto t h e he art o f t h is c h i e f

,

ta i n a d re ad o f the s e p e opl e u nd e r t h e i nu e nc e ,

o f w h ic h h e r e tu rne d fro m th e n c e p an ic s truck -

,

wi th ou t h a vi ng e ffe c te d any th i ng E nc o u rage d .

by th is th e F ra ks buil t a fo t at C anganore f by
n r r e
,

w h ic h and o th e r a c ts o f th e i rs the Z amori n w as ,

re duc e d to t h e l a s t e x t re mi ty And a b o u t th is .

t im e A l e e Ib ra h im Murk ar a nd his b ro th e r i n l a w
- -
,
- -

A h m e d Murkar and h i s b roth e r K unj e e A l e e

-
,
-

Murk ar s a il e d out wi th twe nty tw o grabs i n th e

,
-

Th i f
s b il t by th P t g
ort w as u e or u ue s e i n 1 5 05 , an d ac co r d
i g t F
n o P l i t k by th D t h i
ra ao no, a en e u c n 1 6 63 . Th e y s ub s e

q tly ld it t th R j h f T v
uen so o e a a o ra an c or e , f ro m w h o m i t w as
t k
a by M L lly i mm d f Tipp
en . a , n co an o oo s a r

m y , in 1 790 .
 TO HFU f
'
-
U L -
M UJ A H ID E EN .

S ECTI O N VI II .

Of the a r ri va l o
f S oli ma n-Pas ha at D i u, a nd i n i ts ne ig hbo ur ho od .

b ove m e nt i one d y e a r ( A D 1 5 3 7)
A N D i n the a -
. .

S olim an Pa sh a } th e vi zi e r of th e s ul tan S o lim an

-

S h a h ( o f wh o m m e nti on h as a l re ady b e e n m ad e ) ,

wi th a v as t nava l a rm a m e nt i n al l a m o unti ng to ,

ne a rly o ne h u nd re d s a il o f g rabs p o l a cc a s a nd o f , ,

ve ss e ls of a simil ar d e sc rip ti on a pp e are d b e fore ,

A d e n and atta cki ng i t sl e w S h e ikh Aamur

, ,
-

Eb n Dao od th e s ul tan T wi th a g re a t m a ny o f h is ,

p ri ncip a l nobl e s m a ki ng c a p tu re als o o f the ci ty , .

A fte r th is h e p ro c e e d e d to Guz e ra t a nd c om ,

Th e r e w er e t w o S limo an s , b u t th i s i s th e S o lima n us
Pe 10p o nne s i us of Ma ffe i u s , w h om he s ti gm ti z a es as

vi ru m e nor mi n on mi n us adi p q m v i ti
e, ua a ar a et cru d li e

ta te n o ti s s i mum .

O f hi s f h y h i
o r ce e sa s, u c r e mi gu m a d

se pt m e milli a b e l l ator um sex a ttr i b u ta , in q ib u us e ran t

J ani z arii s eu
p raet or a n i i m ill e
q ui ng enti , Tur cas b i s mi ll e,

al ar u i m g en ti um c as t e ri , mar i ti m ae fer me r e i cal l e nt e s , q ui et

mili t um ub i o p us e s s e t , e t n a utar um p art e s ob ir e n t .

Lib . xi .

p . 216 .

1 H v i g b t i d pa m i in t l do m f h i
a ne m er s s on o an so e o s e n,

for th v y f th i h lth h f ig d h b ly v il d
e r e co er o e r ea as e e ne , e as e a a e

h im lf f thse p t inog k i d f teh S l t n t i t

u ns u s ec n nes s o e u a o n ro

d u cem f hi ldi i t th f t ; d th h vi g
so e o s so er s n o e or an e se a n

i h m ly p t th p i
n u an t d th b t i d p
u i e f r n ce o ea ,
o a ne o s s e s s on o

th pl e M ff i m t i
a ce . thi t wi th t ma f j t
e us en o ns s ac er s o us e xe

crat o n . i
 T O H FU T - U L - MUJ A H I DE E N . 14 3

me nc e d hos tili ti e s ga i ns t Diu a nd wh e n fro m a ,

th e v a s t c a l ib re a nd w e igh t o f th e ord na nc e wi th

wh ic h h e h ad b e e n furn is h e d by h is m as te r ( th e
sul tan S o lim an S h ah) m o s t o f th e fort ic a t i on s o f-
,

th at pl a c e h ad b e e n d e s tro y e d a nd w e re n o t i n a ,

c ondi ti o n to a dmi t o f fu rthe r re sis tanc e God c re ate d ,

i n the h e a rt o f S olim an P a s h a a p ani c l and i nfus e d -

,
ae

Th i s l b t dd f
w a s th e f D i by th P t g
ce e ra e e e n ce o u e or u ue s e

i th y
n e 1 538 g i t th mb i d f
e ar ,
f S lim
a Ag
a ns e co ne or ce s o o an a,

th T e k i h dm i l d K h j h Z ff th f m h vi g
ur s a ra , an oa e u ur , e or er a n

co mm d d th an t th l tt th l d f
e e ee M ffei , e a er e an or ce s . a us

gi v th f ll w i g h g f S yl i th P t g
es e o o n ar a n ue o v e r a, e or u ue s e

ge ne ral w h mm d d , th i
o co i t hi an t y e on s o cc as o n , o s co u n r

m e n,wh th t f S l im
en e m i n i gh t ee Ut i no o a n ca e s n co

ps t f i
ec ut l i d ub i l q i d
c as s s ,
p t l m a no es u a s e c a cu u e x a r ce

t S yl
co n v e ne ran i p q m , f t v u E
ve r a er ua se r e n a r on e co n e rs s : n,

i q i t v i i t mp
n u , p t m m j i b u b l li m gl i m
r , e us , a c ce a a a or s e ca or a ,

d b it m q
e t mD
a t m R giue tu d m bi b l eo , u e n os r o e no s o o cu o s

p ro
p on e nd i h o r um utrum q ue s i a tt e nti s an i mi s i ntu eb i mur ,

p l
r o fe cto b m t q a
p i l
o re s o
q h t i l i t
ne s t a ue er cu a, u a: e x os an o

t mqa m l ti pl i i p p
ue t u b i imp d t p ffi ii
c a ar a u n o s en en , r ae o c ac

p i t ti f
e a t l vi s d m ru c u E q id m e t x ip a q m u ce us .
-
u e , e e sa ua

a
g i m t v
u s c a u s a, t v i t t mm i lei t i m g
ex i e s ra r u e , co on e s , a na n

s
p m f
e su t d i mm , ib
o re u hi b b i i ll t m i t e an us s ce ar ar s us re n ra

p di i t i m p t m ; q
a u cos es v c or a d m fi d i re or e us ua vo s ea e uc a

q imt i t i ; p
uo n a e ne r m ce r oh l sc o su e rvaca n e u r e or oc o co

t phro q t ti j m
ae a re ce n s e r e , m m ib t Ch i uae o es a e x co un us e r s

ti a n ae l ig i i t L it
re i g i i h tib D b
on s e us an s an u n s os us , eo e ne

j t t l im
uv a n e r e u Li b x i 2 1 7 us .
-
. .

On h i g f Di b i g tt k d N
e ar n o d C u h wh w e n a ac e , un o e un a, o as
14 4 T O HF U T U L - -
M UJ A H I D E E N .

i nto his mi nd a vi ol e nt d re ad o f th e F ranks u nd e r ,

th e i nu e nc e o f w h ic h h e re tu rne d wi tho u t ha vi ng ,

m a d e any imp re ssi on up on th e m rs t to E gyp t , ,

a nd afte rw ards to R o om And i n th us d e c re e i ng .

i t th e A lmigh ty ( w h o s e nam e b e p ra is e d ! ) d e
,

sig ne d to m ak e tri al of the fai th o f h i s s e rvants .

A fte r th e P ash a s d e p art u re the F ranks s e t ab o u t

re p a i ri ng th e b re a c h e s th at h e h a d m a d e i n th e

w alls o f the fort ; and the se b e i ng c ompl e te d ,

t h e y e x e r cis e d th e i r rul e o v e r Di u i n u ndispu te d

s ove re ignty Now a y e ar afte r the d e ath o f A l e e

.

Ib rah im Murk ar hi s b roth e r i n l aw Ah mud Mur

-
,
- - -

k ar a nd h i s b roth e r K unj e e A l e e Murkar s e t s a il

,
- -

wi th a e e t of e l e v e n g rabs for C e yl on ; b ut the

F ranks ov e rtaki ng and fu ri ously a ttacki ng the m ,

succ e e d e d in c a p tu ri ng al l the i r grabs afte r m any ,

M o sl e ms h a d re c e ive d m artyrdo m B ut tho se th at .

e sc ap e d wi th th e me n of substanc e ab ove me n
,
-

t ione d m a d e t h e i r w ay to th e R a y o f C e yl on w h o
, ,

i nh um anly p ut the m al l to d e ath h avi ng tre ach e ,

ro u s l a tta ck e d th e m T o Go d and to w ards h im

y .
,

o n ly d o I l oo k i n h o p e !
,

th e vi cer o y at th i s t i m e, s en t a ee t o f o n e h un d d
re an d s i x ty
sa il , wh i ch a c cor di g
n to S o u sa carr e i d o ne th o u san d pi ec e s

o f cann o n, a nd v e th o us an dmn e , to rei nf o rce th e g iar r s on .

 S EC T I O N X .

Of the r ec urre nce

f
o h os ti l i ti es betwee n t he Za mor in a nd the

T a r; cc as i o n o f th is rup ture w as as foll ows

o

O n th e rs t d a y o f Moh u rrum i n th e y e a r ,

9 5 7 a l e a gu e h ad b e e n e nte re d i nto by th e Z a
,

m ori n wi th one of th e c h i e fta i ns o f M a l ab ar w h o ,

w as th e m o s t p ow e rful o f a l l th e a lli e s o f the

R a y o f C o c h i n h is t e rr i to ri e s b e ing c on tigu o us
,

t o C o c h i n o n th e s o u th e rn sid e ; an d th is c h i e f

th e F ranks h a d n a m e d th e l o rd o f th e p e pp e r

l a nds ( o
,
r t h e gr e a t p e pp e r o w n e r i n c o n -
,

s e qu e nc e of th e l a rg e qu ant i ty o f th at S pic e th a t
h e usu ally c o ll e c te d fro m th e di ffe re nt dis tric ts
*
wh e re i t g re w A nd h e b e c a m e o n e of t h e a d
.
6

h e re nts o f th e Z a m or i n w h o c on rme d t o h im th e ,

p oss e ssi on o f hi s g ove rnm e nt He m a d e a p e t i .

t i o n al s o t o th e Z a m o ri n th at h e w ould m a k e h i s ,

a: Th i p b bly
s ro a w as so me ch ei ft i n
a w h o s e t e r ri t o r i es l ay i n
th e ne i h g b h d f A l pp i d Q i l
o ur oo o e an u o n,
wh e re th e g r e a te s t

q ua n ti ty f p p p
o w f m ly g w
e n
er as or er ro an d e xp o rte d .
 T O H F U T - U L- M U J A H I D E EN . 14 7

b ro th e r fo u rth i n th e li ne o f succ e ssi on as h e h i m,

s e lf w o uld s ucc ee d as Z a m o ri n a fte r the d e ath of

t h a t c h i e fta i n a nd up o n th e d e mis e o f his tw o
,
'

b roth e rs a fte r h im i n c o mpli a nc e wi th w hi c h re

'

qu e s t th e Z a mori n m ad e h i m fo u rth i n th e li ne o f
,

succ e ssi on a cc o rdi ng to t h e cus tom w h ic h h ad

,

e xis te d fro m o l d t im e s a m o n g th e p e opl e o f Ma

l ab ar . And s h ortly afte r th is t his g re a t p e pp e r

,

l ord b e i ng o n h is re tu rn to h i s ow n c o u ntry ,

th e R a y o f C o c h i n wi th th e F rank s m arc h e d out

'

, ,

t o i nte rc e p t h i m ; a nd a ttacki ng h im th e y fo ll ow e d ,

u
p t h e i r h o s t ili t i e s u nt il th e y h a d a cc o mplis h ed

t h e d ea th o f t h is c h i e ft a i n h e h avi ng b ee n d e
,

s troy e d by re : th is h a pp e ne d i n th e m onth of
J umad e e al awul of th is y e ar And w h e n the
- -
.

i nte llige nc e of hi s d e ath re a c h e d the Z am ori n h e ,

s e t o ut wi th a ll e x e di ti o n fro m C a licu t t o tak e

"

p ,

re v e ng e up o n th e a u th ors o f i t ; a nd re a c h i n t h
g e

te rr i to ri e s o f the ( l a t e ) l ord o f th e e p e r l a nds

p p
'

b e c om
,

m e nc e d h o s tili ti e s a g a i ns t t he Franks a nd '

t h e i r a lly th e R ay of C o c h i n e xp e ndi ng i n th is
, ,

w arfare muc h go o d s ubs tanc e w h ic h ne v e r re ,

t u rne d e i th e r to h i ms e lf o r to hi s p o s te ri ty And .

o n t h e 8 th o f J u ma d e e th e s e c ond o f th e a b o v e
,

y e ar a l arge b ody o f th e troop s o f the d e c e ase d

,

c h i e f a pp e are d b e fo re C oc h i n h a vi ng th e rive r
,

owi ng b e twe e n th e m and th at tow n ; a nd p ro

c e e d in to a tt ck i t t h y bu rnt a v a s t n umb e r
g a , e
 14 8 T O H FU T - U L- M UJA H I D E EN .

of t he h ous e s of
w h ic h i t w as c o mpo se d and ,

o cc a si o ne d gre at l oss to its i nh abi tants b e i ng ,

p ro vok e d to th is as s aul t in c o ns e qu e nc e o f the i r

c h i e fta i n h avi ng b e e n sl ai n in th e e xp e di ti on of
th e R ay o f C o c h i n a nd th e F ranks ( w h o m may

Go d c onfou nd) a ga i n s t his te rri to ri e s F ro m a l l .

t h e s e c a u s e s th e n aro s e t h at h o s ti li t y w h ic h no w
, , ,

ra g e d a t its h e igh t b e t w e e n th e Z a m o r i n a nd th e
,

Fra nk s z a nd th e l a tte r a t th is t im e s a ili n g o ut

"

fro m Goa afte r w a rlik e p re p arati ons o f g re at mag

, .

ni tud e m ad e a d e sc e nt up o n Turkoy bu rni ng

, ,

a nd d e s tro yi ng th e gre a te r p a r t o f th e h o us e s an d

s h ops of th a t to wn and als o th e J a ni i e mosqu e ,

th a t w as the re And th is w as o n t he m orn i ng o f

.

th e S ab b a th q o n th e 1 4 th of th e m onth o f S h aw al
L
,

i n th e y e ar b e fore na m e d a nd ve d ays a fte r in -

,

th e e arly d aw n th e y m ad e a d e sc e n t up o n Fun
,

d re ah bu rn i ng th e c h i e f p a rt of i ts h o use s a nd
, ,

a ls o fo u r J a mi e m o squ e s o f g re at siz e t h a t h ad

b e e n bu il t the re A nd on th e s e o cc a si ons i n ea c h
.
,

o f t h e s e tow ns a th i rd o f th e i nh abi ta nts re c e iv e d

,

Ma ffe i us l re a t e s i n hi s h s tor i y ,
n um e rou s d e s ce nts of thi s

nat ur e ma d by e hi s co untr ym en on th e i i f th
t e rr to r es o e

Z am ori n A s h e
. co mmon ly , howe v e r, o mi ts to m nti n th d t
e o e a e

of th e s e v l xp d iti
se er a it i n t
e e o n s, s o e as yt
o sa
y t

o w hi ch of

th em th e abv ou t ll d
e a cco n s a u e .

1 Th e

J wi h S bb th S tu d y
e s a a , or a r a .
 S EC TI O N X I
.

R eg a rding thef th ar mis tice tha t wa s ag reed up on between the

Z a mor i n a nd the Fr a h lf s .

IN c ons e qu e nc e o f th e d e te rmi ne d i nve te ra cy

m anife ste d by th e F ranks and fro m the i nc re ase
,

o f p ov e rty a nd d e c a y a m o n gs t t h e M ah o me d ans ,

th e Z a m ori n w as in duc e d on c e m ore to c ons e nt to

t e rms wi th th e m ; a ft e r t h is hi s s ubj e c ts a ga i n

trad e d u nd e r t h e i r p a ss e s a s th e c o mm e rci a l
,

c o mmu n i ti e s of o th e r s tate s th e n did : a nd th is

aci ca ti on to o k pl a c e o n t h e rs t d ay o f Mo
p
b u rr um i n th e y e ar 9 6 3
,
. A nd ab ou t tw o y ea rs
.

( o r a l i t tl e m ore
) a fte rw a rds a qu a rre l too k ,

pl a c e b e tw e e n th e F ranks and th e Maho med ans

re sidi n g a t C anna no re and Durmu ftun a nd i n th e ,

dis tric ts i n th e ne ig hb o u rh ood of the s e pl a c e s ,

w h ic h c onti nu e d for ne arly tw o y e ars ; h os tili ti e s

b e i ng mu tu ally c arri e d o n b e twe e n th e m ; a fte r
wh ic h t im e t h e m atte r w as s e ttl e d by th e M aho ,

me d a ns sub mi tt i ng to th e imp o si t i on o f th e c o m -

me rc i al p as s e s e s tablis h e d by t he F ranks as th e y
,
-
,

h a d d o ne i n form e r t im e s And d u ri ng t h is w a r
.

fa re aga i ns t th e i nd e l F ranks A l e e Az raj a a ,

-
,

Mahome d an l e a d e r o f gre at c onsid e ra ti o n ( up o n .

w h om m ay Go d sh o we r d own his b e s t bl e ssi ngs ! )

gre atly dis ti ngu is h e d h ims e lf h avi ng e x e rte d h im
,

s e lf wi t h sup e ri or z e al a nd b rav e ry and l avi s he d ,

 r o n s ur U L- M U J A H I D E EN . 151

h is we al th wi th o u t spari ng in th e c ause al th o ugh

h e w as no t s e c ond e d i n the s e his e ffort s by th e
'

R ay o f K o l tre e or by th e g re at b ody o f th e p Op u
,

l ati on o f h is d omi n i ons In c ons e q u e nc e of the .

z e a l s h e wn by him h o w e v e r th e s e cu rs e d F ranks , ,

( w h o m m a
y G od a b an d on t o d e s truc t i o n ! ) s e t s a il
i n a ee t of ga lli o ts t o a tta ck th e isl an ds of Ma
l a b ar w h ic h b e l ong e d to Az raj a and w h ic h a c
*
, ,

knowl e dge d his a u th ori ty ; a nd arri vi ng a m ongs t

t h e m t h e y m a d e a d e sc e nt up on th e isl and of
,

Ame ni T sl e w a v as t numb e r of i ts i nh abi tants

, ,

a nd m a d e c a p tiv e s o f m ore th a n fo u r h u nd re d

s o uls me n and wo m e n Th e y plu nd e re d a ls o e v e ry

, .

th i ng of v alu e th at i t c on ta i ne d a nd bu rnt th e ,

g re ate r p a rt o f th e m o squ e s a nd h ous e s th at w e re

up on th is isl and And b e fo re th e i r d e sc e nt up on
.

A m e ni th e y h ad visi te d S hate l akum w h e re th e y ,

Th e di v I l d
L acca e s an s.

Am ni i f th l g t f th L
e s o ne o di v i l nd w h i he ar es o e acca e s a s, c

w er ed i v d by V s co d G m i 1 4 99
er e Th i p v t y a s co e a a n . e r o er

l ly p t t d th m f m i v d
u s ua ro e c e th y p d e g in ro n a er s , as e ro u ce n o ra ,

b t m
u ly
e re ut pl t i d b t l ; th y t p
co co a -n ts, a n a n s , an e e e a re s en ar e

su bj t t th B b
ec o p in ef C n nee It i
ee or m k r ce s s o an a or e . s re ar

a bl th t M ff i th gh t hi h i t y n v ll ud vn t
e a a e us r ou ou s s or e er a es e e o

th i e r exi t f m th i i t s m p b bl th t th xp di
s e n ce : ro s ee s ro a e a e e e

ti on ag i t th m ( b v ll d d t ) w u d t k n by p i v t
a ns e a o e a u e o as n er a e r a e

i di v i d l th th by d f th k ing f P tug l hi
n ua s , ra er an or er o e o or a , or s

re p nt ti v th v i y f G
re s e a e e ce ro o oa .

M
1 52 T O H FU T - U L - M U JA H I D EE N .

h ad p ut to
. d e ath the c h i e f p art o f its i nh abi tants ,

a nd tak e n m any p ris one rs Now th e native s o f .

t h e s e isl ands are th e w hol e o f th e m an i noffe nsiv e

ra c e b e i ng p oss e ss e d ne i th e r o f a rms nor any

, ,

m e ans of d e fe nc e wha te ve r N o twi ths ta ndi ng .

th is a l arg e p orti o n o f th e m su ffe re d d e at h b e i n g

, ,

vic tims to th e b arb ari ty o f th e F ranks And .

a m o ngs t th e s e w a s a ma n o f g re at vi rtu e a nd pi e ty ,

o ne w h o w a s far g on e i n y ears a nd a ls o a w o m an , ,

w h o w as h i s e q u a l i n go o d ne ss and pi e ty ; fo r

a l tho ugh t h e s e w e re p o ss e ss e d o f no m e an s o f

se lf d e fe nc e y e t t he F ranks s e ize d th e m and p ut

-
, ,

th e m to d e ath i n th e m o s t c ru e l m anne r c a s ti n g ,

e arth a nd s to ne s u p o n t h e m a nd s triki ng th e m
~
,

wi th bl ows th at c aus e d gh a s tly wo u nds p erse ,

v e ri ng u ntil d e ath re l e as ed th e i r vi c ti ms fro m th e i r

b arb ari ty May God wh ose m e rc y is u nb ou nd e d

. , ,

h av e c omp assi on o n th e ir s o uls ! To re tu rn h ow ,

e v e r th e s e i sl an ds are m an y i n n umb e r ; b ut the

,

p ri ncip al one s and th o s e w h ic h c onta i n ci ti e s are

, ,

o nly ve a nd th e s e a re A m e n i a nd K ord e e b and , ,

A nd e roo , a nd K a l ufte e , and Mulke e ; a nd of th e

sm a ll e r o ne s ,
th e m o s t i nh abi te d a re Ac canee ,
K un a mun ul a ,
j a nd S h ate l ak um
But God b e
j .

p ra is e d w ho is mo s t h igh ! for wh e n He w ould

m a k e tri a l of H is s e rv ants He c ause d th e F ran ks ,

to p ro sp e r ; e s tablis h i ng th e m i n the g re ate r p art ,

'

of th e s e a p orts o f th is part o f th e w o rld

-
For in .
1 54 T O H F U T - U L- M UJAH I DEEN

and in p roduc e of th is ki nd th e re tu rns and p ro t

,

o f w h ic h w e re v e ry c onsid e rabl e La s tly th e y .

,

w e re c ut o ff fro m h a vi ng any c omm e rci a l i nte r

c ou rs e wi th the A ra b i an p o rts a nd w i th M a l acc a , ,

and R e s h a a nd Th i na s ure e
,
and o th e r pl a c e s s o
, ,

th a t th e re re m a ine d to th e Mah ome d an s o f M a :

l ab ar of th e i r c oa st trad e noth i ng b ut the p e tty

, ,

traf c i n Indi an nut c o c oa n ut and cl oth ; w h ils t

-
,
-
,

th e i r fore ig n vo y a ge s of trad e w e re c o n ne d to t he

rts o f G uz e r at t h e C onc an S ol mo nd ul a nd
p o , , ,

t h e c o u ntri e s ab o u t K ac e l It s h ould b e u nd e r
.

s too d furthe r th a t th e F ranks in buildi ng so m e

, ,

o f t h e s e fo rts d e signe d to p re ve nt the p eo pl e o f

,

M al abar dw e lli ng a b ou t Honnore B as il ore and , ,

Munj ilore f rom c oll e c ti ng ric e in granari e s and

, ,

e xp orti ng i t a s w as th e i r cus to m fro m th e s e pl a c e s

,

to M al ab ar ge ne ra lly to Goa a nd e v e n to th e
, ,

Arabi a n p o rts B ut th e F ranks ( H e av e n con

.

fo u nd the m ! ) e x to rti ng th e p ro duc e fro m th e cul

t ivators o f th e l ands and e x te ndi ng th e ms e lve s
,

o v e r a ll th e qu arte r s o f th e w orld h a v e v a s tly i n ,

c re as e d in numb e r ; h avi ng a lso b rough t und e r

a ll e gi anc e t o th e m th e g ov e rno rs o f th e di ffere nt

p orts s o that th e i r a u thori ty at l ast h as b e c om e

,

u ndisp ute d M ore ove r the y h av e c ut off all ma

.
,

ri t ime trad e e xc e p t th at e ng a ge d i n u nd e r th e
,

p rote c ti on o f the i r p ass e s a nd wi th the a dmissi on

,

o f th e i r s ov e re ignty o f the s e a th e i r ow n t rad e

;
 TO H F U T -
U L -
M U JA H I D EEN . 1 55

th us b e c omi ng d a ily m ore e x te nsiv e and the ,

n umb e r o f th e i r s h ips c ons t a nt ly i nc re a si ng w h ils t ,

t he i nte re s t s o f th e M ussulm ans h av e e v e ry d a y

b e c o m e m ore d e p re ss e d N otwi ths tandi ng al l .

t h is h o we ve r n o re p ris als h a v e b e e n m ad e e i the r

, , ,

o f t he i r s h ips o r forts if w e e xc e p t that m ad e ,

by th at h o ly w arri o r S ul tan A l e e Als h e e ( up on - -

w ho m may God s how e r d ow n H is bl e ssi ngs ! ) w he n .

h e too k fro m t he m S humturah a nd m ad e i t a ,

ra llyi ng pl a c e fo r Isl a mism f w h ic h ac t ma

( or
y
Go d dis t i nguis h hi m by a re w ard ad e q u ate to i ts
m e ri t ! ) a lso t he c a p tu re s by the Zam ori n w ho ,

s u rp ris e d th e forts o f th e F ranks a t C a licu t and

S h ale e at ; and th at of th e R a y o f C e yl on w h o ,

c ap tu re d at di ffe re nt ti m es al l th e forts th at
, ,

th e Franks h ad buil t i n tha t isl and b ut w h ic h , ,

h ow e ve r w as e v e ntu ally c o nqu e re d by th e m lik e

, ,

o th e r plac e s Now th e F ranks up to th is p e ri od

. , ,

h ad abs ta i ne d fro m m o l e s ti ng th o s e w h o w e re i n
a lli anc e wi th th e m a nd w ho carri e d th e i r p a sse s, ,

c ommi tti ng no i nj u ry a ga i ns t the mas te rs o f th e

It i s re cor dd e of Don Hier ome de Az v d

e e o, w ho a b out

i im
th s t e he ld th e comman d of C yle on , th at for th e sa k e of a

d p h h w ld d hi ld i t h l d p th
w ret ch e u , e ou or er s so e rs o o u e

sh i k ing i f t
r e n th t p
n an s o f th i p i k d th ti v e o s o e r es, an as e na es

o f C yl e ll d th m lv
on ca g l
e ( d g ll i S p i h
e se es a a s, an a os s an s

f or a k) w h n th p
coc , l ittl tu e m d t he oor e cre a re s s cre a e ou , e

w uld u u lly
o s m ka H k ! h w th y ung k
re ar w , ar o ese o co c s c ro
 T O H F U T -U L- M UJA H I D EEN .

v e sse ls w h o h ad not the p rote c ti on o f those p ass

,

po rt s to sh e w e xc e p t i nd e e d for s om e sp e ci al re a
, , ,

s on. F rom th is y e ar h ow e v e r th e y d e livere d th e i r

, ,

pass e s to th e m as te rs of ve ss e ls o n th e i r p roc e e di ng
to s e a and if th e y w e re l o s t by th e v e ss e ls b e i n g

, ,

w re ck e d by s torm or fro m any othe r dis as te r

, ,

the y w o uld s e iz e th e s h ip a nd i ts c argo pu tti n g ,

to d e ath a ll th e Mah ome d ans a nd othe rs o n

b oard o f it ; and th is i n th e m os t c ru e l m anne r ,

cu tti ng th e i r th roats a nd th rowi ng th e m i nto the

s e a ; bi ndi ng th e m wi th ro p e s a nd tyi ng t h e m up

i n ne ts o r i n s o m e o th e r liga ture s of th e ki nd
, ,

and th e n c a s t i ng th e m o v e rb oard Fu rth e r i n the

.
,

y e ar 9 7 0 or a li ttl e b e fore i t th e y s e iz e d i n Goa

, , , ,

up on a l arge b o dy of Mah ome d an m e rc hant s w h o

w e re c o ll e c te d th e re e nd e avo ure d to forc e th e m
,

t o e mb rac e Chris t i an i ty and c o nt i nu e d to to rm e nt

,

th e m u nti l t he gre a te r p art o f th e m o u tw ardly

b e c ame c onve rt s ; b ut a fte r a t im e th e y m ad e

, ,

th e i r e sc a pe o ut o f th e i r h a nds yi ng wi th w h a t,

e v e r p o rt i on o f t h e i r p ro p e rt y t h e y c o uld re c o v e r ,

and a ga in re tu rne d to Isl a mism th us gl orifyi n g

,

God and t h e i r re ligi on B ut an A byssi ni an

.

woman w ho re fus e d to b e c o m e a p ros e lyte the y

, ,

ers e cu t e d to suc h a d e g re e th at s h e di e d
p .
1 58 T O H FUT - U L - M U JA H I D E EN .

te racy of F ranks e x e rte d a ga i ns t th e m Th e y

th e .

mad e c a p t u re m ore ov e r o f a c onsid e ra bl e nu mb e r

, ,

o f s h ips b e l o ngi ng t o th e P a g a ns o f Guz e ra t th e ,

C onc an a nd o the r p orts : and in c o nse q ue nc e of

, ,

th e s e s e izu re s th e m a ri tim e t ra d e o f th e F ranks

b e c omi ng gre a tly cu rta il e d ( as th e y c o uld m ak e

no v o y a g e s now e xc e p t wi th t h e g re a te s t p re

c a u ti on a nd wi th o u t b e i ng we ll c onvoy e d and
,
-
,

s a ili ng i n e e ts) and ndi ng th e i r pro ts i n

,

c ons e q u e n c e dimi nis h e d i n p rop orti on th e y c om ,

me nce d an i ndisc rimi nat e pl und e r o f th e p rop e rty

o f th e Mah o me d a n s b e i ng guil ty o f gre at o pp re s
,

si on and tyra nny and p art icul arly i n th e fo ll owi ng

,

i ns tan c e s . A s t he c h i e f p art o f thos e w ho w e re

th e o w n e rs o f th e grabs w e re p e rs on s wi th o u t the

p ow e r o f re sis tanc e and p o ss e ss e d o f b ut li ttl e p ro

,

p e rty and as th e gre ate r numb e r o f t hos e v e ss e ls

,

b e l onge d to s e ve ra l and j o i nt ow ne rs upon th e ,

d e falc ation o f any customs d ue up on th e p rop e rt y

o f a n o f th e P a ga n s w h o s h are d i n th e o w ne rs h ip
y ( )
th e y wo uld s e iz e up o n th e v e ss e l a nd up o n a l l ,

th at i t c onta i ne d a l th ough p art o f i t s h o uld b e

,

th e p rope rty o f a Mah o me d an i n th is m ann e r th e y

po ss e sse d the ms e lve s o f the full a mou nt th at h ad

bee n e xp e nd e d by th e l atte r notwi th s tan di ng t h a t
,

i t h ad b e e n s tipul ate d at the t im e o f th e v e ss e l s

b e i ng e nte re d for th e v oy age th at the p ro p e rty o f

,

the Mah ome dans s h ould not ( in th e e v e nt o f suc h

 T O H F U T - U L- M UJA H I D EEN . 1 59

p arti al d e fa lc ati o n) b e to uc h e d B ut w he n th e y

o nc e h ad c o n sc ate d a ny p ro p e rty th e y w o uld

,

ne ve r m a k e a ny re s t i tu t i o n o f i t to i ts o w ne r fo r ,

th e re w a s no o ne a m o ngs t the m w h o c ould c o mp e l

th e m to t h is a c t o f j us tic e w h ils t th e R ay o f th e

tow n usu a lly d ivid e d wi th th e m w h at t h e y h ad

t hus i n i q ui to usly o b ta i ne d N o r w as it o f a ny
.

a v ai l to p ro te s t a g a i n s t th is tre a tm e nt th e F ra nks ,

b e i ng a c ontum a ci o us a nd i nso l e nt rac e and b ut

fe w o f the m e nte rta i ni ng a ny fe ar o f Go d ! And

a b o u t th e middl e o f th e m o nth o f R a m a z an i n t he ,

y e ar 9 74 the i nh abi tants of Fu nan and Fundre e ah

, ,

a cc o mp an i e d by o th e rs h a vi ng s a il e d o ut fro m th e
,

form e r of tho s e p orts i n a fl e e t of tw e lve g rabs ,

c a p tu re d a c arracca b e l ongi ng to th e F ranks

w h ic h h ad a rriv e d fro m B e ng a l and w h ic h w as ,

l ad e n wi th r ic e and sug ar b e i ng a t the t im e o f i ts

,

c ap tu re in sight of Fu nan Fu rth e rm ore o n the

.
,

s abb a th o n th e e igh th d ay of J umade e th e s e c ond

, ,

i n th e y e ar 9 7 6 a no th e r p arty o f th e s am
, e p e o pl e ,

a nd fro m th e s a m e p ort s a il e d o ut i n a e e t o f
,

s e v e nte e n g ra bs ( a m ongs t th is p arty b e i ng K utte e

P oku r) and m ad e c ap tu re off S h al e e at o f a l arge
,

c art ac e a w h ic h h ad s a il e d fro m C oc h i n ha vi ng
, ,

o n b oard ne arly a th o us and F ra nks m a ny o f th e m ,

a pp ro v e d v e te ran s ; th e v e ss e l a ls o b e i n g fully

e quipp e d i n e v e ry re sp e c t and c o nta i ni ng muc h

,

p re ci o us m e rc handiz e B ut w h ils t th e y w e re e n
.
 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E EN .

gagi ng th e c arracc a was bu rnt s he to o k re and

not h ow e v e r be fo re th e Mah omed ans h ad s a ve d

s om e of h e r l arge s t gu ns A nd the re fe ll i n .

th is a c ti on m ore th an one h u nd re d o f the i r gh t

i ng me n, a nd p e rso ns o f ra nk b e sid e s s e rv ant s

a nd i nfe ri ors ; w h ils t th o s e w h o e sc a p e d the sw ord

p e rish e d i n oth e r w ays s om e b e i ng d rown ed , ,

a nd o th e rs fa lli n g vic tims to th e fl a m e s N ow .

p ra is e d b e God for al l th is ! A nd s o me t im e a fte r

th is su cc e ss th e s e tow nsm e n s a ili n g out i n th e
,

di re c ti on o f K aeel took tw e nty tw o ve sse ls b e ,

-

l ongi ng to th e F ranks a nd th e i r alli e s w h ic h we re ,

l ad e n wi th ric e w h ic h the y h ad p a rtly s e i z e d,

upon i n K ac e l and in its n e ighb o u rh oo d a nd ,

p artly h ad b ro ugh t fro m C o ro m and e l and o th er

p art s A nd be sid e s th e ri c e o n b oard o f the s e
.

v e ss e ls th e re we re th re e sm a ll e l e p h ants w hic h ,

th e y c arri e d into Fu nan a nd dis e mb ark e d i n th e ,

r ive r th ere A nd i n th e l a tte r p art o f J umad ee th e

.

s e c ond in the y ear 9 7 8 the i ndivi du al nam e d

, ,

K utte e P o ku r b e fo re m e n ti one d h a vi ng s a il e d at
- -
,

Far i a-
y
- S o usa menti o ns th at th e s hi p of Don J oan de
C as tr o f m u v i y f th t n m ) w
( th e s on of th e a o s c er o o a a e as

att k d by t w M l b
ac e p w d w hi l t g ging th m
o a a ar ro s, an s en a e ,

bl w up Th i h w v w
e . m y ft
s n d th fo e er as s o e ear s a er , a er e or e

coul d n t b th hi p h
o ll d d t by th Sh i kh f w hi h
e e s ere a u e o e e ,
o c

captu n m nti n i t be f und in ny P rt ugu h i t ri n

re o e o s o o a o ese s o a .
 1 62 T O H F U T - U L- M U JA H I D E EN .

i n th e m e o f the A ll m e rciful to tak e up arms

na -
,

a ga i ns t th e s e i nd e l s Fu rth e r to p ro mo te his .

sui t als o h e s e nt p re s e nts to that m onarc h ; wh os e

,

h e art God m o s t h igh h a vi ng aw a k e ne d h e p re ,

p are d an e xp e di ti on a ga i ns t th e fort at Goa w h ic h ,

w as no w th e s e at o f th e gov e rnm e nt o f th e F ranks ,

b ut w h ic h h ad form e rly b e e n subj e c t to J e dd ah ,

th at ci ty o f h igh dign i ty It s h o uld b e obs e rv e d .

m ore o ve r th at a tre aty h ad b e e n e n te re d i nto b e

,

tw e e n Aad il S h ah and Niz a m S h ah ( up o n b o th o f

- -

who m may God sh owe r d ow n his bl e ssi ngs 1) afte r

th e c ap tu r e a nd d e s truc t i on o f Be ej a nuggur a nd

th e d e ath of i ts R a y ; w h e re i n th e y a gre e d to

a tta ck wi th th e i r c o mbi ne d forc e s b o th Goa and

S h e i oo l And afte r th e d e s patc h e s of A z raj a h a d

.

rea c h e d A a d il S h a h h e wi th h i s c o u rt and army

-
, , ,

s e t o ut and h al te d ab ov e Goa b e g i nni ng to h ar a s s ,

th e F ra nks a nd to i nte rc e p t th e i r suppli e s At *

.
,

th is t im e a ls o Aa d il S h ah s e nt a m e ss e ng e r to
,
-

t he Z am ori n wi th hi s roy a l c re d e nti a ls i nfo rmi n g ,

h im o f hi s h avi ng c o mm e nc e d h i s a tta ck up o n

Feri s h ta e rr on e ou s ly s ta te s A D 1 56 8
. . as th e y ear in w h i ch

Aadil - Sh h ma
a d e th i s a tte m pt to r e co v er Go a, th e P ort u g
ue s e

a cc o un t s wh i ch ma d e it a y e ar l at er , a
g r ee n i g w ith u o r a uth o r .

He d e s ce n d d th
e e Po on d a Gh au t, hi s f
o r ce , a c cordi n g t o Far i a

y
- S o u sa , a i g
m o unt n to foo t, h ors e, el e

p h an ts , a n d 3 5 0p i e ce s o f car mo n wh il t th P s e ort u g ue s e had

on ly , to Opp os e th e m , me n a nd th i ty p ir e ces o f cann o n .
 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E EN . 16 3

Go a ,
c alli ng up on him for h i s co o p e rati o n i n
a nd -
,

p roh ib i t i ng al l p ro visi o ns fro m b e i ng c arri e d fro m

h i s d o mi ni o ns to th a t pl a c e N ow th e Z a m ori n .

a nd h i s subj e c ts a s h as b e e n sh e w n , h ad b e e n ,

c arryi ng o n ho s tili ti e s a gai ns t th e Franks for m a ny

y e ars wh e n th is e nvoy o f Aad il S h ah arriv e d ;
,
-

th e form e r b e i ng i nd e e d a t th at v e ry t im e at S h a

l e e at e mpl o y e d i n c onc e rt i ng pl ans to a ttack th e m

, .

,
Q
F urth e r Niz am Sh ah wi th h is troo ps and fol
l ae

l ow e rs at th is tim e p roc e e d e d a g a i ns t S he iool 1 th e ,

fo rt ic ati ons o f w h ic h pl ac e h e h a d b e gu n to b atte r

wi th c annon o f h e avy m e ta l ; and th e c ap tu re o f th e
pl a c e w o uld h a ve b e e n ve ry p ra c tic abl e h ad it not
b e e n fo r s om e d e l ay and the dis trus t w h ic h w as ,

e nte rta i ne d by Ni z a m S hah to w ards A a d i l S h ah - -

.

Th is fa ilu re a ls o i n p art aros e fro m th at c h i e f s

, ,

h a vi ng o verra te d th e p o w e r o f th e F ranks al l ,

w h ic h i nduc e d h im to ra ise th e si e g e and to ,

mak e p ea c e wi th th e m gt In th is u n succ e ssful

M urt u a z N iz am Sh ah , who a cc o r di gn t o Fe ri s h ta w a s

co m ly ll d lo
mon ca th M de H w p t t d th or e a .

e as u o ea

by h i d i mt n fg t
s s o n, un lty A D 1 5 8 6
e r c r cu s a ce s o re a cr ue , . . .

T h i i th C i l um
s s b f M ff iu
e Ch l
au it ur s

o a e s , or ou

as

n w o ll dca e .

1: T hi i th un u s f l tt mpt f M u t z Ni z m Sh h
s e s cce s s u a e o r u a a a

agi tR vd d
a ns P t g
e a ttl m
an t n
a, Ch l m
a or u1 ue s e se e en e ar ou ,
en-

ti d by F i h t
o ne h vi g t k
er s pl i n th i y
a as Th t
a n a en a ce s e ar . a

hi t i n d
s or a ri b th f il u f Ni z m S h h t th t
esc es e h y
a re o a a o e reac er
 1 64 T O H F U T - U L- M U JA H I D EEN .

mp t Aad il S h ah s ho uld b e e x e mp te d fro m al l

a t te -

bl am e ; for Go a w as at a l o ng dis tanc e from th e

tr 00ps w ho w e re b e si e gi ng S he i o ol w h ilst t he r ive r ,

ru nni ng b e tw e e n th e m p re v e nte d h i s j o i ning th e m .

M ore ove r th e form er fortre ss w as an e l e v a te d one ,

a nd i ts d e fe nc e s w e re v e ry e x te ns iv e s o t h at no ,

po wer c ould h a ve p re v ail e d a ga i ns t i t u nl e ss i t

h ad b e e n a ssis te d by succ o u r fro m o n H igh Be .

sid e s th is a lso th e mi nis te rs o f Aad il S h ah ta m

,
-

p e re d wi th th e F ranks d e sign i ng to su rre nd e r ,

h i m up to th e m and to b e s to w th e s o v e re ig nty of ,

*
B ej ap oor up on one of h is re l a ti ons w h o w as wi th ,

o f so me of hi s
b i b d by p
o f ce rs, t f m th w h o w ere r e r e se n s ro e

P t g
or u
( ue s e f w i hch i y
t ll ) t p mit th p
e o ne e e s us o er e as

sa g int the o m p vi i
e f t f
or A di g t F i y
o so e ro s on s . ccor n o ar a-

S ou sa, th f f N i z m Sh h m
e or ce o t d t h nd a a a oun e o or s e a

f t D u ing th un u ful
oo . r ul t f th t h i f e s cce ss as sa o a c e ,

200 P tugu or d t d f m th f t v t him

ese es e r e ro e or o er o .

F i ht m k er s m ti
a f n
a esv l l d t th ino en on o , or e en a u es o, s

i nt nd d p i
e e f t h y m
e ce ly t ti g th t A dil Sh h
o r e ac er , er e s a n a a - a

w as obl i g d t t i f t h v i g ff d g t l
e o re re and er a n su ere a re a os s a

e ff t dec e thin g ; n
no h th t n l t b n bl t n d y
or as e ra s a or ee a e o an

a dmi i n f i t i th h i t y f M ff i F i y S u h w
ss o o n e s or o a e us . ar a - - o sa o

e v n m th S h ikh
er co r s unt inf mi ng
e th t L
e i d
s acc o , or us a ou s e

A t i d m d v tu t N K h ( B j p g
a e a e o er re s l) t o oor an a e a oo r e n er a o

assas sin t A l A dil S h h

a e p mi f hi b i g pp t d
ee - a - a , on ro se o s e n su or e

by th P tugu in e or ding th thes e Th t h yas ce n e r one . e r ea c er

h w v w di
o e er v d nd p v t d ; Al A dil S h h i d
as s co e re a re en e ee - a - a ra s e

th e i g ft b ing t n m nth ng g d in it d l ing

s e e a er e e o s e a e an os
1 66 T O H F U T - U L- M UJA H I D EEN .

S E CT I O N X III .

R e la ting the s iege f

o the f or t f
o S ha le ea t, a nd i ts cap ture .

TH E Z a m ori n h avi ng now i n s o m e m e as u re

r e c rui te d h i s re s ou rc e s re s o lv e d o n m a ki ng a n ,

a tte mp t up on th e fort o f S h al e e at b e i ng u rge d

*
,

to th is by t h e h ara ssi ng a tt a cks a ga i ns t h im p e r

sis te d i n by th e F ranks wh ils t th e Mah ome d ans ,

a ls o w e re i n s trum e nt a l i n e xci t i ng h i m t o t h is a c t

o f re ta li a ti o n Fro m th e i r e xh ortat i ons to i t in

.
,

d e e d a t th e t im e o f th e e xp e di t i on a ga i ns t G o a
, ,

h e h ad b e e n c h i e y i nduc e d to und e rta k e i t ; ,

and si nc e t h a t t im e h ad only w a i te d fo r an 0p ,

ort uni ty i t not b e i ng th e n p ra c t ic abl e for the

p , ,

Mah o me d ans to d e sp atc h to h i m th e v e ss e ls a nd

Th i P ort ugu
s f rt e se o or f act o r y is ca ll de J all e a t by
w h i l t M ff i u tyl Ci l S

Fe ri s h ta, s a e s s es it a es an d Fari a -y f o u sa

Ch l Th t M ff i h uld gi v
a e.

a a u t f it
e us s pt o e n o a cco n o s ca ure

is e xt di y f w h d ibi g it i t
r aor n ar , or m th v b
en e s cr n s s e, a s us a e e en

l dy b v d h y I l u ul t C l t m d l
a re a o se r e , e sa s: s oc s ra a e cu u uas e u cas

a
p p imr vi g b i li t i imp it mi f t
e na a t d
aes uar o os us, re ac u s e ra a

A b um i nf t nd
ra mm
es a i tZ m i i ili p l
a co d er c a e a or n c o ns a ex o r an a,

i m d L b x i p g 20 8 F i y S

co n tu q
a spp ue o i r en o s. . . a e . ar a - - o u sa

t t
s a es th f e f th Z m in
o r ce o thi i t
e a m or on s o ccas o n a e n.

H da not A t i d ( th vi a y) b
e t thi m m t
e p dd
cero ee n a s o en su ers e e

by N th f t
or on e , f C h l th t w i t th ink w ul d h v b n
e a e o a e, a r er s, o a e ee
 T O H F U T- U L - M UJA H I D E EN . 167

g bs w h ic h w e re ne c e ss a ry fo r th e e x e cu t i on o f
ra .

his d e sig n He now h o w e ve r s e nt a ga i ns t th is

.
, ,

fo rtre ss c e rtai n o f h i s m inis te rs i n c o mm a nd o v e r

th e Mah o me d an i nh abi tant s o f Fu nan w h o w e re ,

as sis te d by b odi e s of t he p e o pl e of th e t own

o f S h al e e at a nd w ho,
d uri ng the i r a dv anc e
, ,

p e rsu ad e d th e p e opl e o f P umoo r Tano or and , ,

P urp oorangar to j o i n th e m Th e Maho me d ans.

e nte ri n g S h al e e a t o n th e n ig ht o f th e 1 4 th o r

1 5 th d ay o f th e m onth of S ufur i n th e y e a r ,

9 7 9 a b attl e too k pl a c e b e twe e n th e m a nd th e

,

F ranks a t th e b re ak o f th e foll owi ng d ay du ri ng

, ,

wh ic h the Mah ome d ans bu rnt th e h ous e s b e l ong

i ng to th e F ranks th at w e re wi th o u t th e fort and ,

th e i r c h u rc h e s a lso d e m o lis h i ng a t th e s am e t im e
,

th e i r o u te r w o rk s o f mud O f th e Mahome d ans

.

th re e only fo u nd marty rd o m i n t h is a ffa ir w h ils t a ,

large b ody of th e F ranks w e re sl a i n w ho a fte r , ,

th is re tre a te d to th e i r ci ta d e l o f s tone a nd too k

, ,

re fug e i n i t ; b ut th e Maho me d ans wi th th e N a i r ,

troops of th e Zam ori n su rrou nd e d i t ( w h ils t the

,

fa i th ful fro m all th e c o u ntri e s arou nd h as te ne d to

e nga ge i n th is h o ly w ar fare ) and throwi ng u
p ,

tre nc h e s aro u nd i t bl o ckad e d i t wi th th e g re ate s t

,

vi gil anc e s o th at no p rovisi ons c ould re a c h the

,

b e si e ge d e xc e p ti ng by c hanc e l n carryi ng o n .

th is si e ge th e Z a m ori n e xp e nd e d a vas t sum

,

o f m one y ; ab ou t tw o m o nth s afte r i ts c o mm e nc e

N
 1 68 TO H F U T -
U L -
M U J A H I D E EN .

m e nt , h e h ims e lf
c am e fro m Fu nan to c onduc t
i t ; a nd wi th suc h e x tre m e vigou r a nd ac t ivi ty did
h e p ursu e h is m e a su re s i nte rc e p ti n g al l suppli e s , ,

th a t th e s tock o f p ro vi si on s o f t h e F ra nks b e c a m e

e nt ir e ly e x h a us te d a nd t h e y w e re c o mp e ll e d t o
,
,

d e vou r d o gs a nd to fe e d o n an im a ls of a simil ar
,

vil e imp u re n atu re l In c ons e qu e nc e o f th is .

ae

sc ar ci ty th e re c am e o ut o f th e F ort e v e ry d ay
, , ,

l arg e b odi e s o f th e i r s e rv ant s a nd p ro s e ly te s b o th ,

m a l e a nd fe m a l e w h o w e re not m ol e s te d by th e
,

b e si e ge rs b ut h ad a s afe p a s s age gr ante d to th e m

,
.

N o w a l th o ugh th e F ranks s e nt suppli e s to th e i r

,

c o u ntrym e n s h u t up i n S h al e e at fro m C o c h i n and

C annanore y e t th e s e ne ve r re a c h e d th e m th e i r
, ,

c onvo ys h avi ng b e e n a ttack e d a nd d e stroye d .

Du ri ng th e bl oc k a d e th e b e si e ge d se nt me s ,

s e n e rs to th e Z a m o ri n
g o ffe r i n g t o c a pi tul a te a nd ,

d e live r up to h im c e rta i n larg e pi e c e s o f c anno n

w h ic h w e re in th e F ort and al s o to i nd e m n ify ,

hi m for th e e X p e nc e s o f t he w ar b e sid e s s o m e ,

o th e r c o nc e ssi on s B ut h e re fus e d to c ons e nt to

.

Z
Th e a p p d t m t A t i d t th i tim b t
mori n ro ose er s o a e a s e, u

b v mm d d hi m th t h w ld m k
.

th at ra e co w an er an s e re a e ou a e no

pe a ce , bu t p n u h t m
o th Z m i mi gh t xp t w
s uc er s as e a or n e ec ,
ere

th e P o rt u g in th m t
ues e i hi g diti
e H h d
os o ur s n c on on . e a s uc

c ee d e d in l di ng h i ghly h
c o nc u bl p w i th N i z m
a o no ura e '
eace a

Sh ah s h or tly b f thi p i d
e or e s er o .
1 70 T O H F U T - U L- M UJ A H I D E EN .

a nd m as onry of w hic h the fortic ati ons h ad b e e n

c omp o s e d w h ils t h e g a ve the re m a i ni ng p orti o n
,

o f i t to b e a pp ro p ri a te d to th e re buildi n g o f th e

a nci e nt J a mi e m o squ e w h ic h th e F ranks h ad

,

d e m olish e d for m ate ri a l to build the i r fort ; and

th e g rou nd o n w h ic h th e fo rt h a d s too d a nd th at ,

l a y a ro u nd i t t he Z a m ori n a w a rd e d to th e R ay o f
,

S h al e e at a cc ordi ng to a s t ipul at i on w h ic h h ad
,

b e e n a gre e d up on a t th e b e gi nni ng of th e w ar .

No t l ong a fte r t he c ap tu re o f th is fort a nd ,

w he n the Z a m ori n h ad al re ady p osse sse d h ims e lf

o f i ts o rd nan c e a nd s tore s a re li e f fo r the ar
, g
ris on a rr iv e d fro m Go a o n b oard o f s o m e g al li o t s
,

and o th e r v e ss e ls ; b ut disc o veri ng w h at h ad

h app e ne d , th e y re tu rne d i n gre at h a s te muc h ,

a s ton is h e d and gri e v e d Th is by th e p e rmissi o n

.
,

o f God m o s t H igh a nd th ro ugh H is gra ci o us a id

, .

Fo r i n all th at h e re h app e ne d w as th e m e rcy a nd

,

gra ci ous favou r o f the Lo rd tow ards us and a ll

Mah ome d ans cl early m anife ste d

S EC T I O N X IV .

R eg a rding the f
a a irs o f the Fra nks a
f er the
t cap tur e o
f the i r

For t f
o S ha le ea t .

K N O W th e n th at the s e a ccu rs e d Franks i n

, , ,

c onse qu e nc e o f the c ap tu re o f th e i r Fort at S ha

l e eat e nte rtai ne d te nfold rage and h atre d toward s
,
 T O HF U T - U L - MUJA H IDEEN . 171

th e Z am ori n a nd th e Maho me d ans l ooki ng e ag e rly ,

fo r a n Opp ortu n i ty to c a rry d e s o l at i on i nto th e te rri

t o ri e s Of th e form e r a nd to re bui ld th e i r fortic at i ons
,

a t Fu nan and S h a l e e at s o th a t t h e y mig h t a g a i n b e

,

e nabl e d to h ar a ss a nd a nnoy th e Z a m o r i n a nd h i s

Mah ome d an a ll ie s i n re tali ati on for th e i r h avi ng

,

*
tak e n th e i r fo rt at th e l atte r pl ac e B ut up to .

t he cl os e Of t he y e a r 9 8 7 ( by t h e divi ne p ermis

si o n) the y h ad atte mp te d i n v a i n th e a cc o mplis h

m e nt Of th e i r d e signs ; h avi ng i n this i nte rva l ,

h o w e v e r m a d e a d e sc e nt up on S h a le e at a nd
, ,

bu rnt s o m e o f the h o us e s and s h o ps o f th at pl ac e ,

w h ic h h app e ne d o n th e 2 2 d o f th e m onth o f
S h aw al i n th e y e ar 9 8 0 a nd i n t he y e a r
,

fo ll owi ng th e y l a nd e d at P urp ooranga r o n w h ic h

, ,

o cc a si o n fo u r M a h o me d a ns su ffe re d ma rty rd o m ,

w h ils t a l arg er numb e r o f th e F ranks w e re sl a i n .

F ro m th e s e a tta cks o n th e i r p a rt i t app e are d ,

v e ry e vid e nt th at th e s e p e o pl e h ad no i ncli na ti on
to m ak e p e a c e wi th th e Z a m ori n a nd p artic u l arly

a fte r t h e c a p tu re Of th e i r fortre ss o f S h a l e e a t t h a t ,

e v e nt h avi ng i rri ta te d t h e m b e y on d m e a su re b o th ,

Ab o ut th i ti m
s e i t w a s th at S b ti
e as an
( w ho had a s ce n dde

Of P t g l ) d i vi d d hi
t h e th ro n e

or ut a mp i i t e s e a s er n e re n o th r e e

g v m t i d p d t f h th
o e rn en s n e enTh en q o e ac o er . e c o ns e ue n ce w as

a t i Of p pl x i t i
ra n th t d i t
er et d th P
es t g a m s rac e e or u ue se ore th an

al l th p v i
e tt k
re f th i
o us a mi i I d i
ac s o e r e ne es n n a.
 TO HF U T -
U L -
M U J A HI D E E N .

a ga i ns t th at c h i e f and t he Mah ome d ans and ,

c a us e d the m e age rly t o d e si re th e d e s truc ti on o f

b oth S ubs e que ntly i n th e y e ar 9 8 5 the y m ad e
.
, ,

a s e izu re o f ne arly ft y g rabs o f di ffe re nt siz e s ,

b e l ongi ng to the Mah ome dans w h ic h a t th e t im e ,

o f th e i r c a p tu re w e re up o n t h e i r re tu rn v o y a g e

fro m Tul nad wh e re th e y h ad b e e n to l o ad wi th

,

r ic e. Now m any o f th o s e w h o w e re o n b oard

,

th e s e v e ss e ls re c e iv e d m arty rd o m ; i nd e e d of Ma ,

h ome d ans and o f th e c re ws o f th e v e ss e ls ne arly ,

me n w e re sl a i n w h ils t th e trad e o f th e ,

form e r by th is bl o w b e c am e a lmo s t ann i h il ate d ; a

c a l ami ty wh ic h w as p e rmi tte d to visi t th e m o ut o f ,

th e i nsc ru tabl e d e sig ns Of t h e A ll g ra ci o us a nd A ll -

wis e o f wh ic h w e can Ob ta i n no k nowl e dge s ave

, ,

th at a gl ori o us re w ard s h a ll awa i t tho s e w h o h a ve

fall e n ghti ng for God and wh o h ave p rac t ise d ,

p uri ty and forb e aranc e Fu rth e r w e h a ve h op e s .

,

th at th e Lord ( wh os e na m e b e p ra is e d ! ) wi ll b e s to w

u p on t h e s e e ve rl a s ti ng h a ppi ne ss and c omfort ,

t h e m by grant i ng th e m H is h e a v e nly c o ns o l at i on .

Ve rily God m os t H igh has s aid

, A fte r torm e nt ,

c om e s For e v e ry e vil h as i ts goo d ,

K or an , S oo rah e nt itl d bu l l
e
(
or th ept w h i h
9 4 th ch a e r, c

i
con s s t s o n ly of f
o ur o r ve v ers e s , i w hi h M h m d
n c d a o e , a ccor

i ng t o A l B e id av i ,
- a ll d t th
u es o l i g f m th bl k d p
e c e an s n ro e ac ro

Of sin wh i ch he r e ce iv d f m
e ro th h nds f G b i l i hi
e a o a r e n s

y o uth .
1 74 T O H F U T- U L- M UJ A H I D E EN

d een ; a nd will succ ou r h i m wi th H is

th at h e

A lmigh ty p owe r and fa vou r him in h is warfare

,
'

wi th th is p e opl e and i n hi s e nd e avou rs to e xp e l

,

t he m fro m h i s fort s Of Di u Guz e rat D oot W as e e , , , ,

a nd fro m hi s ki n gdo m g e ne ral ly ; for th e n s h al l

t h e y b e e xp e ll e d fro m al l th e m ari t im e tow ns wh ic h

th e y h av e b rought u nd e r subj e c t i on to th e m if th e ,

A lmigh ty God w h o is o m nip ote nt and all po we r

,
-

ful s h all Of H is gra c e s o p e rmi t i t And s h ort ly

, .

a fte r th e a b o v e re l a te d o ccu rre nc e c e rtai n m as te rs ,

o f grabs h avi ng s a ile d i n to th e r iv e r w h ic h fl o w s

i nto th e h arb o u r o f A dil ab a d a nd t h e F ranks ,

h avi ng forme d a d es ig n o f p o ss e ssi ng th e ms e lv e s of

th e s e v e ss e ls e nte re d th e h arb o u r a nd b ore d o w n
, ,

up on th e m ; b ut p e rc e ivi ng th a t th e y c ould not

a pp ro a c h near e nough to e ffe c t th e c ap tu re Of the

g rabs a b o ve allud e d to th e y re d th e wh o l e of the

,

h arb ou r a nd bu rnt th e grabs a nd o the r v e ss e ls

,

th a t w e re wi th i n th e i r re ac h a l th o ugh s om e o f ,

the s e h a d wi th th e m th e i r p a ss e s and c o v e nants ,

a nd b e l ong e d t o Durmuftun and C annano re a nd ,

to o the r p orts Fu rth e r th e y re d th e po rt Of

.
,

K a ra ftan ; b ut a tte mp ti ng th e s a m e ag ai ns t th e
p ort of D ab ool th e N ai b o f th at pl ac e ( may God
,

p ro te c t it h a vi ng by s tra tage m m ad e p ris one rs

Thi s p
e rs o n ( a ccor di g
n to Fe ri s h ta ) w a s K hoaj eh - Al ee

S he eraz ee- Z mori n

a
 T O H F U T -U L - M U JA H I D EEN 17 5

of th e i r c h i e f me n and w arri ors p ut to d e ath th e ,

g re ate r p art o f th e m and s e nt Off th e re s t to Aadil ,

S hah And a b ou t th is t im e Aad il Shah ( wh o m

.
* -

may God p rote c t d e sp atch e d c e rta i n of h is mi ni

.

s te rs a nd tr00p s to form a c h a i n Of c o mmu nic at i on

ro u nd Goa a n d to p re v e nt th e p e o pl e o f th e ne igh
,

b ouri ng p ro vi nc e s fro m c on ve yi ng to th e m any

p rovisi ons He d e sp atc h e d al s o a m e ss e nge r wi th
.

l e tte rs and p re s e nts to A z raj a and th e Z am ori n

a nd to K o l ture e c a lli ng up on th e m for the i r

,

as sis ta nc e i n th is a tta ck an d bl o ck a d e a gain s t

Goa . B ut w h e n h is e nv o y wi th h is sui te a nd
p re s e nts h ad arrive d at K oto Kul um the R ay of -
,

th at pl a c e s e iz e d : and imp ris one d b oth h im a nd

h is fo ll o w e rs No w th is man w as th e th ird i n
.
,

th e li ne o f succ e ssi on to th e K o l turee and was the ,

p e rs on w ho w o uld succ e e d to the s ov e re ignty afte r

t he d e ath Of th at P ri nc e b e i ng hi s i mm e diate ,

he i r . A nd h e ac te d i n th is w ay at the i ns ti gati on
o f t he F ran ks B ut th e e nv o y Of Aad il S h ah ma
.
-

n a gi ng s e c re t ly t o e ffe c t h i s e sc a p e th e R a b e fore
y ,

na m e d s e iz e d up on a l l t h at h e h ad wi th h im wi th ,

Pe r e os d e m f e re mens e s , q ibu us h aze a d Mal acam ag e

b ant ur, Idal a can a b s enti am Al b u qu erci i s ua m i
o ccas one m
r a tu s , a d G oa m re cup er and am N ar s i ngano b ell O dis tentu s i p se
s trenuo s d uce s mi ni me conte mnendo cum exerci tu mi serat .

_ Ma

0 Hi t s .
) lib . V. p 94a .
1 76 T O H F U T- U L - M U J A H I D E EN .

th e p re se nts that h ad b e e n c ond e d to hi m .

U p on h e ari ng wh ic h A z raj a and K olture e d e s

,

p atc h e d l e tte rs to h im d e m andi ng th e su rre nd e r Of

th is p ro p e rty b ut wi tho u t av a il ; for h ad no t the
,

b e are r Of th e s e l e tte rs mad e his e sc ap e h e w ould ,

h a ve b e e n s e ize d a nd d e liv e re d ov e r to t h e F ranks

, :

Th is h app e ne d in th e y e ar 9 8 6 i n w h ic h y e ar c e rt a i n
,

g re at m e n o f th e F ranks p re s e nte d th e ms e lv e s

b e fore th e Z am ori n for th e pu rp os e Of tre ati ng

,

wi th him for p e a c e Th is c h i e f w as a t th a t
.

t im e at a P agod a s a c re d a m ongs t all th e P a gan s

,

Of M alabar si tu ate d i n th e ne ighb o u rhood of

,

C ranganore ; and h e c ons e nte d th at th e F ranks

sh o uld build a fort at C alicu t ; b ut th e y b e i ng
d e si rous of c ons truc ti ng it at Fu nan th e Z am ori n ,

w ould not agre e s o th at the atte mp t at an ac

,

c omm o d ati on at th is t im e fa il e d H ow e ve r th e .
,

Z am ori n s ent b a ck wi th th e F ranks w h o h ad

c om e fro m Goa th re e of h i s subj e c ts w h o we re i n
,

h i s c ond e nc e for th e pu rp os e of c onfe rri ng up o n

,

th e te rms of a p ac i cati on ; and th e s e e nte ri ng

Go a w e re me t by th e vic e roy o f th a t pl a c e ( w h o
,

w as te rm e d th e B e z roo) w h o re c e iv e d th e m wi th
,

e x tre m e c o u rte sy an d re sp e c t tre a t i n g t h e m wi th

,

a l l at te nt i on . B ut a fte r muc h t im e h ad b e e n
l os t th e s e c ommissi o ne rs re tu rne d to th e Z am ori n
, ,

th e c onfe re nc e h a vi ng b e e n b rok e n O ff i n c ous e

u nce of the F ranks p e rsis ti ng i n th e i r d e m and to

q e
 17 8 T O H F U T- U L - MUJ AH IDEEN .

l so th e y c arri e d o n the i r h os tili ti e s wi th great

a ,

r anc o u r a a i ns t th e s u bj e c t s a nd d e p e nd e nts o f th e
g
Z am ori n ; th e p e opl e o f C a licu t o f th e Ne w Har ,

b o u r and of K ah k at and Fund re e ah and Turkoy

, , , ,
'

a nd Fu na n m a ki ng a tta cks up on th e m a t al l t im e s
,

a nd s e as on s fro m t h e b e gi nn i ng o f th e y e a r to t h e

e nd o f i t ; s o th at th e m ari t im e t rad e o f th e s e t o wn s

w as e nt i re ly d e s troy e d a nd e v e n i n te rc o u rs e b e ,

t w e e n n e igh b o u ri n g p o rt s c o mpl e te ly c u t o ff .

M ore o ve r th e imp ortati on o f ric e fro m Tul nad w as

,

g re atly h i nd e re d s o th at a gre at fami ne suc h as

, ,

ne v e r b e fo re h ad tak e n pl a c e w as th e c ous e ,

q u e n c e t h e c
,
o mm o n p e o pl e Of t h e p ort s a b o v e

n a m e d b e i n g d e p ri v e d Of a ll m e an s o f subsis te nc e ;

a nd a l th o ugh t h e y h a d d one n o th i ng to c a ll d o w n
'

suc h a visi ta ti on th e F ranks c o nti nu e d to s e iz e

,

up on t h e i r v e ss e l s and grab s u ntil th e i r mis e ri e s

k
,
9

w e re at th e i r h e ight ( may Go d d rive o ut fro m

a m o ngs t us t h is ty rann ic a l ra c e a nd s a v e us fro m ,

th e m H ow e v e r to wards th e e nd o f th e s e ason
,

o f th e l a tte r y e a r a t re a ty w as e nte re d i nto b e tw e e n

,

It w as u s ua l at ly t t
thi s t im f
e or e ets to b e a nn u al s en ou

to cr ui z ff th M l b
e O t eth p t a a Of pp i gar co as , on e r e e n ce su res s n

p i y b t w h i h w th m lv
ra c , u c p i d l ly i p i ti l
er e e se e s o ccu e so e n ra ca

a tt k
ac N tm y y
s. o ft b ll f C i d w
an e ar s a t er , a u o ro s a e as s e n

ou t f m E
ro p w hi h d i t d th P t g
uro e, t d th
c rec e e or u ue se o re u ce e

i d l by f
n e s Of m d th f i th
or ce i n th
ar w d ts an e a ,
or o er or s, o

m k n
a e pl f pl d ing p g d nd ki g m q
o s cr u e o un er a o as a s ac n os ue s .
 T O R EU T -
U L- M UJA H I DE EN . 17 9

th e Zam ori n and the F ranks wh e re by the l atte r ,

w e re p e rmi tte d t o build th e i r fort at Fu nan

w h ic h a cc o mm od ati on w as foll ow e d by a ge ne ra l
e xc h ang e Of p ri s one rs th e M ah o me d ans d e liv e ri n g
,

o ve r to t h e r ul e rs of th e F ranks th e i r c a p t iv e s Of

th at nat i on and th e F ranks d e liv e ri ng o v e r to th e

,

Z am o ri n tho s e o f hi s subj e c ts th at th e y h ad tak e n ,

and a ls o re c e ivi ng fro m th at c h i e ftai n th e p ris one rs

th at h e h ad m a d e Fu rth er th e F ranks d e l ive re d

.
,

up to th e Z a m ori n t h e Mah ome da n c a p tu re s th at

the y h ad m ad e b ut th e s e l as t w e re b ut fe w ; and
,

t h e re w as a n a gre e m e nt e nte re d i nto b e twe e n th e

F ranks and th e Z am ori n re gardi ng the buildi ng

o f the fort b e fo re m e nt i one d wh ic h w as to b e ,

c o mm e nc e d w h e n the vi c e roy o f th at nati on

sho uld c o me to visi t th e Z a m ori n in th e fo ll owi ng
y e ar In th e rs t s e as on a fte r th is fo u r s hi ps
.
,

arrive d fro m E u ro p e o n b oard o f o ne Of w h ic h w as

,

th e ne w vi c e ro y o f th e F ranks w h o h ad b ee n ,

a pp o i nte d by th e i r E mp e ror O f the se v e sse ls

*
.
,

tw o anc h ore d at Goa w h ils t tw o re mai ne d at ,

Th is w a s Don Fr anc i M car n s di ng t M ff i u

as e a, or a ccor o a e s,

P trus M car n In di P to xviii O f th i Vi y

e as e as as r ae r, .

s cer o ,.

th t hi tor i n g i v es th e f ll wi ng h i gh ch
a s a o ct
o V ir b ll ar a er : e o.

fo tis et n tu
r a mun i u
ra tq u Ob i d i p um p ud mn
c s, a e s a o es

o d ine s g r ti os us Li b i x p 1 69

r a . . . . .
 180 T O H F U T- U L- M UJAHI DEEN .

an c ho r off Quil on ;
c h i e f of th e Franks a nd th e

w h o h a d b e fore e x e rcis e d th e go v e rnm e n t w as a t

th is ti m e d e p os e d Now no i nte rvi e w took pl ac e
"
,

a t t h is t im e b e twe e n t h e Za m or i n a nd t h e n e w

vic e roy ( w h o h ad l a te ly arrive d fro m E u ro p e) as ,

th e l a tt e r did n o t p re s e nt h ims e lf to t h e Z a m ori n ,

h avi ng wi th o u t m aki ng an y s tay at C al i c ut Tp ro

, ,

c e e d e d o n to Go a : a l th o ugh th e Z a m or i n h ad p re

p are d a gre at m any p re ci o us rari ti e s wh ic h h e h ad ,

d e s i gne d as p re s e nts to th e vic e ro y w h e n t h e y

sh o uld m e e t b ut h is tr o ubl e w as th row n aw a y
,
.

H owe ve r wh e n i ntellige nc e of that p e rs on s arriva l

,

a t Goa re a c h e d th e Z a m ori n h e disp atc h e d c e rta i n ,

o f h is p ri ncip a l me n to h i m wh e n a t re aty an d ,

l e agu e o f ami t y w as e nte re d i nto b e twe e n t he m ;

th e Z am o ri n o b tai n i ng fo r h i s subj e c t s p e rmissi o n

to t ra d e to th e p ort s o f Guz e ra t and to o th e r p arts

Fer di na n d T ll z d Me e e e ne z es . Th e re i gn
vi y of thi s ce r o

w as v y h er s or t b h vi ng b
t, e a e en a pp i o n e d ly i m th b f
on s x on s e ore

th iv l f M
e ar r a wh w o th ascar e n a, o as e t vi y pp i t d
rs ce r o a o n e

by Phili p nd l t d by hi m in
,
a se ec e con s e q n f hi f m
ue ce o s or er

b v df
ra e f C h l g i t Ni z m S h h
e e n ce o ou a a ns a - a .

1
'
M w c mm i
ascar e nai d t p l im P h i l
asi p i I di ;
o s s o ne o r oc a n n a

an d h f
as d th P tu gu
e o unttl m t in g t
e f i or es e se e en s r ea co n u s on

owi g t th
n di t ti f p t y i t i p b bl th t th un
o e s r ac on o ar , s ro a e a e a

co u tly t
r tm t th t th S h i kh h
re a en mpl in f w a in e e e re co a s o ,
as

so m m u u v i d bl
e e as re na o a e.
 {att e n
M j ty His M os t Ex ll ce e nt a es

K I N G W I L L I A M T H E FO U R T H .

v ires iatroua
H isM j y h K I N G f h B EL G IAN S
a es t t e o t e

R y l H i gh h D U K E f S U SS E X
.

H is o a ne s s t e o

R y l H igh h D U K E f C AM B R ID G E
.

H is o a ne s s t e o

R y l H ig h h DUKE f G LO U C E S T E R
.

H is o a ne s s t e o

G h LO RD AR C H B I S H O P f C A N T E R B UR Y
.

H is ra ce t e o

b l h LO RD H I G H C H A N C EL L O R
.

Th R i g h H
e t o no u ra e t e

Hi G h DUKE f W ELLI N G T O N
.

s ra c e t e o

N b l h MAR QUE SS f LA N S DO W N E
.

Th M
e os t o e t e o

b l h EARL S PE N C E R
.

T h R i gh H
e t o no u ra e t e
b l h EARL AM H E RS T l G G l f I di
.

T h R ig h t H
e o no u ra e t e a te ov e rno r e ne ra o n a.

b l LO RD W H C B E N T I N C K ,

T h Righ H
e t o no u ra e G o ve rno r
G l f I di
. . .
,

e nera o n a.

Th R igh t H
e b l th EARL f C LARE G v
ono ura f B mb y
e e o o e rnor o o a
b l LO R D V I S C O U N T M EL V ILLE
, .

T h R ig h H
e t o n o u ra e

b l LO RD V I S C O U NT G O D E RI C H
.

T h R ig h H
e t o no ura e

b l LO RD G RE N V ILLE C h ll f h U i i y f
.

T h R ig h H
e t o no ura e a nce or o t e n ve rs t o

Of d
,

x or
b l L O RD ELLE N B O R O U G H l P id t f h
.

Th R i g h H
e t o no ura e a te res en o t e
B d f C mmi i oar f h A i
o f I di
o ss o n e rs or t e

a is o n a.
,

T h R ig h H
e b l C HARLE S W W ILLI A M S W Y N N M P P id t
t o no ura e re s en

f h R y l A i i S i y f G Bi i dI l d
.
, . .
,

o t e o a s at c oc e t o re a t r ta n an re a n

b l S I R RO B E R T PE EL B M P
.

Th Ri gh H
e t o no ura e a rt . ,

b l H E N R Y G O UL B U R N M P , . .

T h R igh H
e t o no ura e

b l S R LU S H I N G T O N G
. .
,

T h R i gh H
e t o no u ra fM d e o v e r no r o a ras .

G l S I R E B AR N E S l G f C yl
. .
,

Li e ute na nt- e ne ra a te o ve r no r o e on.

Mj G l S I R J O H N MAL C OLM l G f B mb y
. ,

a o r- e ne ra a te o ve r no r o o a

H T C OLE B RO O K E E q Ry l Ai i S i y
.
,

Di f h s re ctor o t e o a s at c oc et

f G Bi i dI l d
. .
, ,

o re a t r ta n a n re a n .

Q
'

Bt rera .

Cha ir ma n

The R igh H t o no ura bl e Si r GO RE O Us e mw , art B .

, Vi P ce res ide nt FRS . . .
,

&c & c & c . . .

The R igh H bl h E A L f M
t o no ura Vi P i d e t FRS e R o us s r s a , ce - res e nt . . .
,
& & & c. c. c.
T h R i gh t H
e b l Si E H E A ST B M P F R S & & &
o no u ra e r art. c. c. c
b l C A L S W m WI LL IA S W M P F R S P id
.
. . . , .
, . . . , .

T h R igh H
e t o nou ra e H R E arx M y n n, . .
, . . .
,
re s e nt
& & & c. c. c.

Si G r T ST A TO B
ac a c a MP &
UN & & N, a rt. , c. c. c.
Si A L A
. . .
,

J m r EX & &
N DE R & or s r o u, c. c. c.

A di J B S M m E q FSA u tor , ou
'
r r,
'
s

b l th E A L f M u
.
. . . .
, . .

T T h R igh t H reas urer , e o no ura e e R o u sr s a

t y JOH SH A K SPEA E q
.

H y S on or a r e cr e a r . N E R, s .

H y F ig S t y F
onora r n AG S SR
ore Ph D
n ecre a r , na na rc U U TU os e s , . .

It i q t d th t th
s re I d i id l I tit ti wh
ue s e a w i ll i g t
oseb ib n v ua s or ns u ons o are n o s u s cr e
t t
o O i t l T l ti F d w ill d h i m dd d t th S
he r en a ra ns a on un , sen t e r na es , a re s s e o e e c re
t y R y l A i t i S i ty H G ft t t B d t t L d
ar o a N s a c oc e s o us e , ra o n- s re e on
s re e , - o n on
d i f m hi m w h b ip ti w il l b p id S b ip ti w ill l b
, ,

an n or th i e re e r s u s cr o ns e a u sc r o ns a so e
iv d by th B M d B mb y d R m
.

re ce e h C mmitt t C l
e tt ra nc o ees a a cu a, a ras , o a , an o e .

P ri nted by J . L . C ox a nd S o n, 75, Great Quee n S tree t .

 C ATA LO G U E OF WO RK S
IT PR N ED FO R

T H E O R I E N T A L T R A N S L A T I O N F U N D,

A ND SO LD BY

Mr M U R n A Y , M e s s rs PA R B U R Y A L L E N & C o ,
. .
, , . an d Mr . S T RAK E R, L o ndo n ;

Me s s rs T H A C K E R a nd C o
. a c ut ta ; M e s s rs .
,
Cl . BI N N Y a nd Co .
, M a dras

M e ss rs L . e a n na a n d Co .
,
B mb y ;
o a T R E UT T EL and W Un r z '

B fe G y
-

an d M e s s rs . DE UR E r re s , P ar i s ; a nd in er man
by th Ag e e nts o f M e s s rs . BLA CK an d Y OU N G .

N B T he T l pg
it k p
e- a es o f all wor s rinted for th e Fun d s ince 1 83 1 , are orna mente d wi th a g
V i ne tte ,
b g
. .

earin th e mo tt o E x Oa mx r s Lox .

I .

B U A
T HE T A O F I BN R VE LS
AT T ,
T l
r a ns f b A
a te d M
r o m th e a r i d e d
g v r ab i c a n u s cr i t C o i e s
p p p r e s e r e d i n th e

P bl L b y Cu ic E S ll
i r ar o f v H y
a mb r i dge , w i th N O T i u s tr a ti e o f th e i s tor ,
G g p hy B y A iq i i &
,

eo ra i g h
, g h h W
o ta n k ,
nt u t es , c . o c c urr n t ro u o ut t e or .

B y th R S L E E B D P f e f H b w i
ev h U iv i y , ,
r o e s s or o e re n t e n e rs t
f C m b i dg & &
.

I D my Q
. . .

o t p ia 1 r e, c . c . n e u ar o ; r ce

2 .

M E MO I R S OF T HE E M PER O R J A H A NGUEIR ,

W i by H im l f d
r tte n l df m P i M ip se an tr a n s a te ro a ers an a n us c r t,
B y MAJ O R DA V ID P R I C E f h B mb y A my & &
,

o t e o a r c. c

I D my Q
, ,
.

t ; 12 n e uar o 8 .

3
TH E T R AVE LS OF M A C A RI US, P A TR I A RCH OF
A N T I O CH ,

W r i tte n b y h i A tt d t A h d s P l en an rc e a c o n, au of A l pp i A b i
e o, n ra c.

P t th F i t A t l i R m l i
ar e rs . na o a, o e a , an d M l d vi o a a .

T r ans l at e d by F
C B ELFO U R , A M O o n &c & c
. x
D my Q
. .

uar to ; l Os F o r k
. . .

In e a rt o f th i s W o r , s e e N o 1 4
. P II . . .

HA N KOO N G T SEW THE s o na ows or , or H AN,

A Ch i ne s e T g dy t
ra l d f m h O i gi l w i h N
e ,
r a ns a te ro t e r na ,
t o te s , a n d a Spe
ci me n o f th Ch ie T xt B y J O H N F RA N C I S DA V I S
ne s e e .
, St e.

I D my Q t ; 5 n e u ar o s.

5
H IS TO R Y O F T HE A FG H A NS ,

T r a ns l a te d f ro m th e P e r s i an o f N m t A ll h P ea e a . art I .

B y B E R N HARD D O R N , Ph . D & I D my Q
.
, c. n e uar to ; 14 s .

6
O R TU NA T E U NIO N
T HE F ,

AR o manc e , tr ans a te l d f m h C h i O i gi l wi h N
ro t e ne s e r na ,
t o tes a nd I ll us tra
nng in w h ic h is a dde d a C hinp q p T r a p dv
 0

THE H A FI Z U L M U L K H A FI Z R E HMUT
LI FE OF ,

KHAN .

W i tt by h i S N wab M t iab K h B h d d ti l d
'

r en s on u us u an u a a r, a n en t e

G l i ta i R hm t u s n- e u .

Ab idg d d t l t d f m h P i by C H ARLE S ELLI OT T E q

r e an ra ns a e ro t e e rs a n , , s ,

O f th B g l C ivi l S v i I D my 8 5 e en a er ce . n e vo . s .

16 .

T HE LI FE O F S HE I K H MO H A MM ED ALI H A Z I N ,

l V r i tte n by H im l f ; dit d f m t w P i M
se ipted t d wi th
e ro o e rs a n a nus c r s
,
an no e

th e r i v i u R d i g by F C B E LF O U R M A Ox
ar o s ea & &n s, , . o n, c . c .

I D my 8
. . .

1 0 6d n e vo 3 .

l
.

f th i s l V o r ks e e N o 9
.

F or th e E ng i s h T r ans l a ti o n o . .

17 .

M IS CELL A NE O U S T R A NSLA T I O NS FR O M O R I E NT AL
L A NG U A G E S ,

V l m h Fi I D my 8 8 o u e t e rs t. n e vo . 3 .

I .N o tes y I
ro m t h e r a ic
f
l B Akm P T l H
J ourne in to th e nt er i or o f N o rth ern A ri ca
of a
T II El f f m A bS kby W B H g j
M
od s o n, Esq , a te
By a i Ib n u d d i n A l A
e ri ca n C o ns u at ers , R
was ti
A S
- -
.

rans a ted

b
.

y
xtrac t s
p ro
b th e
t h e R e v J os e h R o e rts , C or
f m T
a aa T h e v a n S aas t e ra m , o r
.

m oo
.

of a ter - rans i t; ro th e
.

a ra
. . . .

g L K S P f m S
La n U
M
. .
,

as t D a 5 o f m th e concl ud ecti on of t h e ah a
b kb B M D f P P Of B b ym my M
II
h ara t
e
T ra ns l a
.

av i d
ri s h na and th e
ro m t h e
ri ce ,
K mO l T
th e
o ns o f
ers ian v e rs i o n ,
om a Ar
and u , ro
ad e b y N e k k ei b
m
h an ,
R A S , o f t h e ri enta
e t i me o f th e E m
r ans l a ti o n
rorr
A
m
ar j .

Sb g y TL m
a or
i ttee , an o f th e R 0 al oc i e t o f i t era tu re
I V T h e V edala C ai , e in t h e S
,

ul V e rs i on o f a C oll ect ion of Ancx

.

e nt T al es i n t h e
o

ans cri t
. . .

k
by gI gpg k yM D p
L an n ge :
l B a n rou ,
g I M M
l a
m T l
p ularl y no wn t h ro u h o ut nd i a , and e nt i t e d t h e V et a la P an ch a v sa t i .
a dras Li t S oc , A
rans at ed

S V .

m
nd ia n C oo er , as
andfo rd A ot
b ,

.
by
.

E .

T
racti sed and desc ri e d l rc
th e N a t i v es o f t h e as t
.

rans a ted by
. . .

18 .

T HE A L G E B R A O F MO H A MM E D B EN M U SA ,

A R A B I C A N D E NG L I S H .

Edi t d dte l t d by F R ED E R l C R O S EN
an r a ns a e
I D my O t v ; 1 0
.

n e c a o 3 .

19 .

T HE H IS TO R Y M A R I TI M E W A R S
OF TH E
UR K S
O F THE T ,

T r ans l at e d f ro m th e T k i h f H j i K h l i f h b y JAM E S M I T C H ELL

ur s o a a e

P I I D my Q
, .

a rt .
; 7 n e u a r to s .

20 .

T R A NS L A TI O NS FR O M T H E CH I N E S E A ND A R M E N IA N ,
B y C HA R LE S F N E U MAN N . .

I D m t bd n e y vo . s .

H O yg l P
is tor o f th e f f m 07 0 T l f m
ira tes wh o in es ted th e C h i na S ea , ro
1 .

m S
1 1 T h e C a tec hi sm
I l
C h i nese ri i na , wi th N o tes an d l us tra t i ons
o f th e L g l P
18 to 1 8 1 rans a te d ro

h a ans ; o r, t h e aws and R e u at ions o f th e ri es th ood

.
the .

C hi na T ml f ml
.

ra ns a te d r o
. Om g l K g m
th e Chi nes e
1 1 1 V ah ra s C h ro n c e o f th e Ar eni a n
'
Imll g m
ri i na , w i th N o tes an d
i n do in C i l i c
us tra t i ons .

l fm Og l m
T rans ated ro
.
i
I ll
th e ri i na Ar eni a n, Wi th N o tes and
d uri n th e ti e of the Crus ad es.
us tra ti ons .

2 1 a 22 .

T HE G E OG R A PH I C A L W O R K S O F SAD I K ISFA HAN I ; '

And CR I T I C AL E SSAY O N V A R I O U S M A N U S CR I PT
a
W O R K S A R A B I C A ND PER SI A N , ,

T l t d by I C f m O igi l P i M S S i h C ll ti f
rans a e . . . ro r na e rs a n n t e o ec on o
S i Wi l li m O
.

l t h E di t r a us e e v, e or.
O t v ; 10 c a o s .
T rans l a te d an d Ab ri d P
ge d i n d V w i th N t
ro s e a u e rs e , o e s an d I ll us tra ti ons .

By JAM E S AT K I N S O N E q ,
s ,

bl E t I d i C mp y B g l M
.

O f th e H o n o ur a e as -
n a o an

s en a e di c a l S vi er ce .

O c ta v o ; 1 5s .

24 .

T HE T EZ K E R EH O R PR IVA TE M E MO I R S
AL V A K IA T ; ,

O F T HE MOG HU L E M PER O R HU M AY UN .

W r i tte n in t h P ie L g g by J e r s anC d i l D m i f an ua e OU HER, 8. on e nt a o es t c o

hi M j y s a es t

l C HARLE S S T E W AR T f th H bl E t
.

T r ans ate d by M j a or ,
o e o no ur a e as

I di C mp y S vi n a & & o an

s er ce, c . c .

Q uart o ;

25 .

SIYA R UL MUT AK H E RINT HE - -

,

A H i t y f th M h m d P w i I di d i g th l t C tu y
s or o e a o e an o er n n a, ur n e as en r

M I R G H O LAM H U SS E I N K H A N
B y
-

R vi d f m t h l f H ji M t f
.

e se l ti
ro ed C ll t d w i th th P
r ans a i on o a us a a , a n o a e e e rs a n
O igi l b y Li t C l
r l J h B i gg
na ,
& & eu . o o ne o n r s, c . c.

V l I 8 14 o . . vo . s .

26 .

HOEI LAN K I ; O U L HISTOIRE DU CERC L E D E CR AI E

,

D ra me en
p r os e e t e n v t d i d C hi i
e rs , mp g d N
ra u t u n o s , e t acco a n e o te s ,

Par S T A N I S LA S JULI EN 8 7 . vo . s.

27 .

S AN K O K F T S O U R AN TO S E TS ; O U A PERC U ,

N G E ER A L DE S T R O I S R O YA U M E S .

it d l O i g i l J p i C hi i p M J K LAPR O T H

T r adu e r na a ona s - no s , ar . .

v C
.

( Ou ra
g e a c c o mp a gn de c inqu e ar te s . ) O c ta v o.
; 1 5s .

28 .

A NNALS OF T HE T UR K IS H E M P I RE FR O M 1 5 9 1 , TO
1 6 5 9 O F T HE CHR I S T I A N ER A ,

T r ans l a te d fro h T k i h b y C H ARLE S F RA S E R

m t e ur s , .

V o l 1 4 to ; 1
. . . . 1 18 . 6d .

29 .

R A GHU V A N S A , K AL IDASZE C A R ME N ,
S a n s k r i te et L a t i ne

E did i t A DO LP HU S F R I D E RI C U S S T EN Z LER . Q uar to ; 1 . Is .

30 .

CU S TOM S AN D M A N NER S OF THE W OM E N O F PER

SI A A N D T HE I R D OM E S TI C S UPER S T I TI O N S
, .

T l t d f m th i gi l P i M
ra ns a e ro i p t b y JAM E S AT K I N S ON
e or na e rs a n anu s c r

E t I di C mp y B g l M d i l
, ,

E q f th H

s o e on as -
n a o an s en a e ca
,
E t b li hm t
. .

8 5 s a s en . vo . 8.

31 .

H IS TO R Y O F T HE E A R LY K I NG S O F PER S I A ,

F m K i m th t f th P hdad i D y ty t th
ro a o ar s ,
q e rs o e es an nas o e c o n ue s t o f
I a by A l x d h G t
,
r n e an er t e re a

l t d f m th O i gi l P i f Mi k h d ti tl d th R
,

T r ans a e ro e r na e rs an o r on en e e auz a t
f w i h N t d I ll t ti b y DA V I D S H EA f th O i
.

u s -s a a, t o es an us r a o ns , , o e r e nta l
D p tm t f th H E tJ di C mp y C ll g 8 10
e ar en o e o n. as n a o an

s o e e . vo . 3.
T HE T R AVE LS OF MACARIUS PA TR IA RCH OF ANTIOC H , ,

l Vr i tt by h i A tt d t A h d
en P l f A l pp i A b i
s en an rc e ac o n , au o e o, n ra c
P th T h i d T h C kC y d M vy
.

art e r e os s a c o u n tr an us c o
l t d by F C B E LFO U R M A Ox S &
, .

T r a ns a e o n, ac . c.
I D my Q
.
,
. . .
,

t ; 10 n e ua r o 3.

F P t I d I I f thi W k N 3 d 1 4
or ar s . an . o s or s ee os . . an .

LIS T O F W O RK S IN T HE P RE S S .

T h e T ra vl e s of Evliy a E d end i ; trans l a te d by M . de H a mme r .

e
T
mp
k
T k
i re , and in ur es ta n, G
T m
z c i n th e
k
h is wo r con tai ns an acco un t i n ur is h ,
i dd e
l E y
y .
p T k
l of t h e trav e s o f
of t h e se v enteenth
v li
cen tur
a i n all
.
arts of th e ur is h

N ip d i i i
on u a l d by M J l
ts ran d Kl p h
tra ns a te u es e a ro t

Ty p0 D E l l E mp p f m
. .

k H
h is J a anes e wor co ntai ns th e y is to r of th e e iri s or cc es ias ti ca e rors o f Ja an ro
th e ea r 66 m
A nte C h ri s tu .

Th T xe e f th A l yy
t o f Eb M l k e d i d by th B a o S il v d S y n a e e te e aron e s tre e ac
Tmm y b G mm l mp by , .

hi s i s m on e of m k th e os t es tee ed w or s on A ra i c ra ar. It wi l be acco ani ed 3

Co en tar .

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l i Ap l i l C i i f h Aby i i Ch h t l d
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b T P Pl E q A M att , s
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d es cri t i on of
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LIS T O F T R AN S LAT IO N S P R E PA R IN G FO R
PU B LIC A T ION .

Cl as s IS L T H L OG EEO Y, T Hi os , a nd M T PH S I SE A Y C .

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s te m of
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A C ll i f h Sy i M SS f h N w T m
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J bi h ib l i E gl d by h R PM f L
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te . t a t n n an t e ev ro e s s o r ee .
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p
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 P R I N T E D F OR TH E

O R IE NTA L T R A N S LAT IO N F UND .

T rav e l s of Ibn B a tuta . By P f L ro e s s o r ee . 4 to 1 . .

M e m o i rs of J ah a ngue i r . By M j P i a or r ce . 4 to 123 . .

T ra v e l s o f Ma c ar i us . By M r . B e l fo ur I II . 4 to . P ar ts . . a nd III . 1 09 . e ac h .

T he S o rr ow s o f Han, aC hi ne s e T g dy B y M D vi
ra e . r . a s . 4 to . 53 .

T h e F o rtuna te U n i o n, Chi
a ne s e R m By M D vi
o a nc e . r. a s . T wo Vl o u me s ,
8 v 0 l 6S . .

Hi y f th Afgh
s tor By D D o e a ns . r. or n . P ar t I . 4 to . l 4a .

Ci g l P m
n D m l gy &
a ese oe s on e o no o , c .
, w i th Pl a te s . By Mr . C ll a a wa y .

8 v0 88 . .

A dv t f H tim T i
e n ur e s o P i nR m By M F b a a

, a e rs a o a nc e . r. or es . 4 to . l 6s .

L i f f S h i kh M h mm d A l i H i B y M B lf
e o e 8 o a e az n . r , e o ur . vo , 1 03 6 d . .

D i tt P i T xt 8 1 0 6d
o. e r s an e . vo . 3 . .

M m i f M l y F mil y By M M d
e o rs o a 8 2 6d a a an a . r . ar s en . vo . 3 . .

H i t y f th W i B i By M F
s or o 8e ar n os n a . r. r as e r . vo .

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e o rs o T i mu B y M j S t w t 4 t 12
e e ro r r. a or e ar . o . 3.

Hi t y f V t
s or d f th B ttl
o f th A m i By M
ar a n a n o e a e o e r e n ans . r. N e u ma nn .

4 to . 1 08 .

Li f e of H a z R e h mut K h an . By M r . E i o tt ll . 8 vo . 53 .

M i s ce ll T l ti f m
ane o us r a ns a o ns ro O r i e ntal L an
guage s . V ol . I . 8 vo .

1
2
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3.
4
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T h e as t Da 5 o fS
T h e V ed al a a da i
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5
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. I k y
ndi an C oo er .
.

Alg e br a o f M oh am me d B e n M us a. By D R r . o s e n. A r a b i c a nd E ng is h l .

8vo .

M arit i me W ars of th e T ur k s. By M M i t r . ch e ll 4 m P t I. . ar .
73 .

T ra ns l a ti o ns f ro m th e Chi ne s e a n d A r me n i an . By M N m r . eu a nn . 8v o . 123 .

1
2
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H
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Pi
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wh o i n es ted th e Ch ina e as , r om 1 80
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ha ans , o r th e a ws and R e u a t io ns o f th e ri es th ood o f
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ud dha in
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m
3. V ah ra l m K g m l

s C hroni c g m e of th e Ar eni an in do i n C i i cia , d uri n th e t i e of th e C rusad es .

G g ph i l W k
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A bi d P i W k 8 ra 10 c an e rs a n or s . v0 . 3.

T h S h ah N i m h f F i d
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P i v t M m i f h E mp
r a e e H m y By M j St w t 4 t
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txn
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. a or e ar . o .

H i t y f th M h mm d P w i I di By C l l B igg V l I
s or 0 e o a e an o er n n a. o on e r s. o . .

8 14 v0 . 8 .

L Hi t i

d C s o re l d C i C h i T g dy B y M J l i
u erc e 8 7 e ra e, a ne s e ra e . . u en . vo . s.

Ap c d T i R i m ( L h J
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ro s ) By M K l o au es o o -c e s s o , an
Fiv lll p 8 1 5
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p th ro . e / a s . vo . s.

N im a T ki h A a s

l By M F
ur 4t s 1 1 1 6d nn a s . r. r as e r . o . . 8 . .

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uv ans a , B y D S t l S k i t d L ti s ae ar en . r . e nz er . a ns r an a n .

4 to .

C t m
us o d M f th W m
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ann e rs o 8 5 e o en o e rs a . r. ns o n . vo . s .

Mi k h d E l y H i t y f P i
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s By M S h ar 8 10 s or o e rs a . r . e a. vo . 3.

1 4 , Gr q on S treet, B on d St reel , L ond on . J O H N S HA K E S PEAR ,

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