D E M O N O L O G Y

DEVI L LORE -

M O N CU R E DAN IE L CON W A Y , M A
. .

B . D . O ? D I V I N I T Y COL LEG E , H A A
RV R D U N l VBR S l TY

"831 83 3 0 ? T HE A N T HRO PO LOG I C AL I N ST I T UTE . LONI XJ N

WI TH N UM E R O US I LL US TRA TI ON S

V OL . II .
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Co w ma n r , 1 879 ,
-

M ON CU RE DAN I E L CON WAY .

 C ON T E N TS O F V OL . II .

P A R T I V

C HA PTE R I .

D I ABOL I SM .

Pa c t
D r a go n an d D e v i l d i sti n gu i she d — D r a go n s
’
w in gs —W a r i n He a v e n
E x pu ls i o n o f Se r pe n ts— D i ss o lu ti o n o f th e D r a go n — The o lo gica l
o r i i n o f the D e v i l —I d e a l a n d A c t u a l — D e v il D o ma — D e ba se
g g
me n t o f id e a l pe rso n s —Tra n s migr a ti o n o f pha n to ms

CH A PTE R I I .

TH E SECON D BE ST .

Re s pe c t fo r the D e v il P i mi ti
r ve Athe i s m— I d e a li sa ti o n —Bir th of n ew

go ds —N e w go d s d i a bo lise d — Co mp r o mis e be tw e e n n ew go d s a n d
o ld — F o r e ign —
d e tie s d e g a d e d The i r
i r u ti l i sa ti o n

CHAPTER II I .

AH R I M AN , TH E D I VI N E D EVI L .

I r v i n g s i mpe r s o n a ti o n f Su pe r s ti ti o n — Re v o lu tio n aga in s t p io u s

’
o

p r i v i le e
g
— D o c tr i n e of M e r i ts — Sa i n tly i mmo r a li ty i n I n d i a
A P a n the o n tu rn e d I n fe mo —Ze n d a v e sta on Go o d an d E v il
Pa rsl M y th o lo gy
— The Co mba t o f A h r i man w it
h mu zd —O pti
O r

mism— Pa r si Esc ha to lo gy— F i n a l Re sto ra ti o n o f Ahr i ma n

CH APTE R IV .

v x sw A mTRA ,
TH E TH EOCR A I C T D EVI L .

Pr ies tcr a fi a n d P e s s mi s
i m — A n A r ya n T e tze l a n d h i s L u th e r — Br a h
ma F to ga
n — E v o l u ti o n o f the S a c e r d o ta l S a i n t— V i s w ami tr a the
Ac cu se r o f V i r tu e —The Ta mi l Pa ss i o n P la y Ha r isc ha n d ra -

Or d e a l o f Go blin s —The M a r tyr o f Tr u th—Vir tu e tr iu mpha n to v e r

c e r e mo n ia l M e r i ts -
H a r i sc ha n d r a an d J ob
 C H APTE R V .

3 . m AN D e ov n n .

F AG B
— —
D e i fie d po w e r Gi a n ts a n d J e ho v a h Je ho v a h s ma n i fes to —The v a ri o u s
’

— — —
E lo hi m Tw o J e ho v a hs a n d tw o Ta ble s Co n tr a di c ti o n s D e ta ch
me n t o f the E lo hi m fr o m J e ho v a h

CH A PTER V I .

THE CON U N S I NG FI RE .

The She k i n a h—Je w is h i d o ls—Attr i bu te s o f the fie ry a n d c r u e l E lo hi m

c o mp a r e d w i th tho se o f th e D e v i l — The po w e rs o f e v i l c o mb i n e d

un de r a he a d — Co n ti n u i ty— The c o n su mi n g fir e sp i r i tu a li se d

C H AP TE R VI I .

P ARAD I SE AN D TH E SE R PE NT .

H e ra k le s an d Athe n a i n a ho ly p ic tu r e H u ma n -
si gn i fica n c e of Ed e n
—The le ge n d i n Ge n es is p uzzli n g Si le n c e of la te r bo o k s co n

c e r n in g i t— I ts Ve dic e le me n ts—I ts pla n a

ex ti o n —E pi s o d e o f th e

b —
M a ha ar a ta Sca n d in a v i a n
h v a r ia n t— The n a me o f Ad a m— The
s to ry re re a d —Ra bb i n i ca l in t
-
e r pr e ta ti o n s

C H A PT E R VIII .

E V E.

F
The a ll o f M — F an
a ll o f g o ds — G i a n t s — P r a j apa t i a n d Ri hu W o m a n -

a n d Sta r Se r pe n t i n
-
Pe ia M eso hia a n d M e sch ia n e —Brahma n
rs —
le ge n d s o f th e c r e a t i o n o f M a n — T h e st r e n g th o f W o m a n — E lo his t
and J e ho is t c re a t
v i o n s o f M a n — T h e F o r b i d d e n F ru i —
t E v e re
a p pe a rs as S a ra — A b r a h a m s u rr e n d e rs hi s w i fe t o J e h o v a h— The
id e a n o t se n sua l — A b ra h a m s c
’
i r c u m c i si o n — The e v il n a me o f
— f —
W o ma n N o a h s w i e The e p o n o f Abr a ha m Ra bbi n ica l
’
t m t a ti —
le ge n d s c o n c e r n in g E v e — P a n d o r a — Se n time n to f the M yth o f E v e

CH A P TE R I X .

LILITH .

—
M a d o n n a s Ad m a s fi
’
rs t w i fe — H e r fl i gh t a n d d o o m— Cre a ti on o f
De v i ls — Li li th ma r r i e s S a ma e l — T re e
''

o f L ife — Li li th s pa rt
’
in
the Te mpta ti o n — He r —
lo c ks
B d—La mi
o e i ma — M e sc hi a a n d
a

M e sc h i a n e —A ma zo n s— M a te m i t
y
— Ri b theo r
y o f W o m a n — K a li
a n d D u rga Ca ptiv i ty o f W o ma n
 CON TE N TS . v ii

C H AP TE R X .

WAR IN H EAVEN .

u se
The Othe r —Tia ma t Bo hu , ,
‘
the D e e p d Apo phi s—Ha th o r s
—Ra an
— Be l s ’
co mba t—Re v o ltin He a v e n — Li li th —Myth o f the D e v il a t
the cre a ti o n o f Light

CHAPTER XI .

WAR ON EARTH .

A bo d e of D e v ils —Ke te f D is o r d —
er T lm d i a u c le gen ds—The
Spi ri t—The F a ll o f L u ci fe r — Aste r ia , Hec a te , Lili th
re s tless

The D ra go n s tr iu mph—A G i ps y le ge n d —Ce d mo n s o e m o f the

’ ’
P
Re be llio u s An ge ls —M ilto n s v e r si o n —The Pur i ta n s a n d r in c e P
’

R pe r
u t — Be l a s a lly o f the D ra go n —A M yste ry i n M a r io n e tte s
—Eu r o pe an H e lls

CH AP TER XII .

STRI FE .

H e bre w G o d of Wa r —Sa muel -

The fa the r
’
s bless in g a n d c u rse —Esa u
— Ed o m—J a co b a n d the P ha n to m—The p la n e tM a r s —Tra de sma n
sma n
a n d H un t The D e v il s D re a m
’ ’

C H AP TE R XII I .

BARBAR I C AR I STOCRACY .

Ja co b the I mp o sto r —The Ba rte r e r — E sa u , the Wa rr i o r —Ba r

ke s—
,

ba r ia n Du Tra de a n d W ar — Re c o n c ili a ti o n o f Ja c o b a n d Esa u

—The ir Gho s ts—Le ge n d of I blis—Pa ga n W a r rio rs o f Eu ro pe
Rus si a n Hi e ra r c hy of He ll

C H APTE R XIV .

J OB AN D TH E D IVI D ER .

H e bre w Po lythe ism Pro ble m o f il—J o b d is be lie f i n fu tu re li fe

’
Ev s a
— The m—Sa lte d sa c r i fic e s —The o ry o f O rtho d o x y
D iv i d e r
’
s r ea l

] o
-
b s r e
’
as o n i n g
—H i s h u mo u r — I mp a r ti a li t
y o f F o r tu n e be tw ee n

the e v il a n d go o d —Agn os ti c i s m o f Jo b—Eli hu s E clec ti c ism

'

J e ho v a h of the W r
hi lw i n d —H e r es ie s of Job —Ra bbi n i ca l le ge n d
of J
ob —U n i v e r sa lity o f the lege n d
 C H APTE R X V .

PAG E
Pu blic Pro se cu to rs —Sa ta n a
_ s Ac cu se r — E n glish D e v il W o rs hi pp e r
Co n v e r si o n by Te rro r — Sa ta n i n the Old Te sta me n t— I he tr ia l
' '

o f J os hua —
Se n d e r o f lag u es—Sa ta n a n d Se r pe n t—Po r tr a i t o f
P
Sa ta n —Sc a pe go a t of Chr i ste n d o m —C a tho li c Sigh t o f He ll
The a lly o f Pr ies tho o d s

CH A PTE R XVI .

RELIGI OU S D E S PO T I S M .

Ph H e r o d —Zo ro a s te r mo the r —Ahr i ma n mi ssa r ies

’ ’
a ra o h an d s s e

Ru ss an d Kr i shn a —E missa r ie s of Ka n sa —As tya ge s an d Cyr u s

Zo hak—Be l and the Chr is ti a n

C HAPTE R XVI I .

TH E PRI N CE OF T HI S W O R LD .

Te mpta tio n s Bi r th of Bu dd ha M a ra Te mpta ti o n of P ow er

As ce ti c ism and Lu x —M a ra
u ry
'
s me n a ce s—Appea n n ce of th e

Bu d d ha Vi n d i a to r—Ahr i ma n te mp ts Zo ro a s te r — Sa ta n d
’
s an

Chr i s t Cr i ti c i sm o f Str a u ss — Je w ish d i i

tra t n so — H un ge r
Va r i a n ts

CH A PTE R XVIII .

R I A L OF T HE G REAT
T .

M o ra lity a tTo urs—The St A n tho n y o f Spa gn o le tto —Bu n ya n s

' '
A
’
‘
.

Pi lgr im—M i lto n o n Chri sts Te mpta tio n —An Edi n bu r gh sa in t

’

a n d U n i tar i a n fie n d —A h a u n te d Je w ess—Co n v e rs io n by fe v e r
L i mi t o f c o ura ge —W o ma n a n d so r ce r y —Lu th e r a n d th e D e v i l
- — o —
The i n k Spo t a t W a rtbu r g Ca r lyle s in te r p r e ta ti n The c o w led
'

D e v il— Ca rlyle s tri a l— I n Ru e St Tho ma s d E n fe r —The E v e r la st

’ ’
.

in g N o —D e v i l of Va u v e r t —The la tte r d a y c o n flic t—N e w

-
c on di
—The
ti o n s Vic to ry of Ma n —The Sc ho la r a n d the W o r ld

C H A PTE R XIX .

THE M AN O I“ SIN .

H in du myth—Gn o sti c th eo r i e s — O phi te sc he me o f r e d e mpti o n — Ra b

b ca l t
i n i r a d i ti o n s o f Pr i m t
i iv e M a n —Pa u n e Pess mis
li i m — La w o f
d ea th—Sa ta n s o w n e rshi p o f M a n — Re d e mpti o n o f the E le c t
’

Co n te mpo r a r y sta te men ts Ba ptism Ex o rc is m The n ew

 CON TE N TS ix

ma n s —
fo o d E uc h a r i s t— H e b
r e r t Spe n ce r
’
s ex pla n a i
t o n —Pr i mi
ti v e i de a s—Le ge n d s o f Ad a m a n d Se th—Ad a mi te s —A M o rmon
Myste r y o f in itia ti o n

C H AP T E R X X .

TH E H OLY G H OST .

A Ha n o v er re li c —M r. A tk i n so n on the D o v e —The D o v e i n the Old

Te sta me n t E c c le s ia s ti c a l sy mbo l—J u d i c i a l sy mbo l—A v i si o n of

St . Ba a s ta n
'
s —The w i tn e ss o f c has ti ty —D o v e an d Se r pe n t—The
un pa ble si n —I n e x pia ble s in a mo n g the j e w s—D e stru c ti v e
rd o n a

p o w e r o f J e ho v a h—Po t e n cy o f the b r e a th—T h i rd pe r so n s o f

Tri n i tie s—Pe n te c o s t—C hr is tia n su pe rs ti ti o n s —M r M o o d y o n the .

sin a ga i n s t the H o ly G h o st— M ys te r i o us fe a r —I do ls ofthe ca v e

C H A P TE R XXI .

ANTI C H RI ST .

The Ka li Age —Sa ta n

g Si mo n s i ft
Sa tin
a n as An ge l o f Li gh t

E pi the ts o f An tic hr i st— Th e Caesa rs—N e r o —Sa c ra me n ts i mi ta te d

by a ga n s — Sa ta n i c s i gn s a n d w o n d e rs —J e r o me o n An ti c hr i s t
P
A r mill us — Al D a jj a i l— Lu the r o n M o ha mme d M a w me t
Sa ta n ‘
Go d
’
s a pe —M e d iz v a l ion s
n ot — W i tc he s ’
Sa bba th—An
I n fe r n a l Tr in i ty— Se r pe n t o f Sin s —A n ti c hr i st Po pe s Lu the r as

An ti c h r is t—M o d e r n n o ti o n s o f An tic hr ist

C H A P TE R X XII .

TH E P RID E o r LI F E.

The cu r se of Ibli s—Sa ma él as D e mo c ra t— H is v in d i ca ti o n by Chr is t

an d P —As mo d ii u s— H is to ry o f the n a me —Asc hme d a i o f the
a ul

Je w s Bo o k o f To bi t— D o r é s Tr i u mph o f Chr isti a n i ty ’

Au m si n a n d N i c o le tte —As mo d e u s i n the c o n v e n t— The Asmo

d e n s o f Le Sa ge —M e phi sto phe les—Bla ke s M a r r i a ge o f H e a v e n
’

an d H e ll -
The D e v i l an d the a r ti s ts — Si d i ’
s Visi o n of Sa ta n
Ar ts of the D e v i l— Su s pi c i o n of be a u ty— E a r thly an d hea v e n ly
ma n s i o n s D ea c o n v er su s D e v il

C H A PTER XXIII .

CU RS E o n K N OWL EDGE
TH E .

A Bi sho p o n i n te lle c t—Th e Bi ble o n le a rn i n g—The Se r pe n t a n d Se th

A H e bre w Re n a i ssa n ce — Spe lls She lle y a t O x fo r d —Bo o k
bu r n in g—J a pa n ese in k de v i l— Bo o k o f Cyp ri a n u s—D e v il s Bi ble
-
’

— Red Le tte rs—D r e a d o f Sc i e n ce Ro ge r Ba c o n —Lu the r s D e v i l ’

—Lu the ra n s a n d Sc ie n ce
VOL I I .
 CON TE N TS .

CH APTER XXIV .

WI TCHCRAFT .

— —
va c:
M n o r ga rb Sa in
i t a n d S y
a t r — T u te la r i e s Spe ll s —Ea r ly Chr i sti a n ity
h
a n d t e po o r — I ts d ct
o r i n e a s to pa g a n d i i
e te s — M e di e v a l D e v ils
— D e v i ls on the s ta ge —An Abbo ts re v e la ti o n s— The fa i r e r d e i tie s
’

—O r ie n ta l d rea ms a n d spir i ts —Ca lls fo r N e me si s—Lili th a n d he r

h i ld —N l i i m—A r o lo gy a n d Alc he m —D e v il s Co l
’
c re n e o
p a to n c s s t y
le ge She m ha mmpho r i sch
-
Apo llo n i u s Tya n a
of F a us t
us

Bla c k Art Sc ho o ls—Co mpa c ts w i th the D e v i l—Blo o d co v e n a n t

Sp ir i t se a n ce s i n
-
o ld ti me s -
The Fa i r fa x d e lu si o n — O r i gi n of i ts
d e v il —W i tch , go a t, a n d ca t— Co n fess i o n s o f
W i tc he s— W i tchc ra ft
i n N e w E n gla n d — W i tc h tr i a ls—Sa le m d e mo n o lo gy—Te s ti n g
w it c he s—W i t ch t r ia ls i n Sw e d e n —W i t c h Sa bba t h— M ytho lo gi ca l
e le me n ts—Ca r r i e rs — Sc o t ch W i t c he s—The ca u ld r o n — Ve r m in

Ru e —I n v o c a ti o n o f H eca te— Fa c to r s o f W i tc h pe rs e c u ti o n
Thre e ce n tu r i e s o f ma ssa c r e —W ii rzbu rg h o rr o rs—La s t v i c ti ms
M o de rn Spi r i tu ali sm

CH A PTE R XXV .

A
F U ST AN D M E P H I STOPH E LES .

M e phi sto a n d M e ph ts
i i — The Ra v e n Bo o k—Pa pa l so r ce r y — M a gi c
—M e phi t ph le s a s d g—Ge ge
se al s s o e o or Sa be llic us a li a s F a us tus

The Fa us t myth— M l w e Fa ust ’

ar o s -
Go o d an d e v il a n ge ls El
Ma g i co Pr o d i gi o so — Cyp r i
’
a n a n d J u s ti n a —K l i n ge r s
’
F a ust

Sa ta n s s e r mo n —Go e th e s M e phi sto phe le s —H i s G e r ma n

’ ’
c ha r ac

Mo ra l sc e pti ci sm D e v il s gi fts H e le n a Re d e mpti o n

’
te rs
thro ugh Ar t—De fe a t o f M e phi sto phe les

CH APTE R XXVI .

TH E W ILD H U NTSMAN .

The W ild Hu n t E u phe misms Sc hi mrn e lre i te r—Odi n w a ld—Pie d

Pi pe r —Lyeshy—W a ld e ma r s ’
H u n t— P a in e Hun te r —K i n g Abe l s ’

H u n t—Lo rd s o f Glo ru p—Le Gr a n d V e n e u r —Ro be r t le D ia ble

H u go He r n e —Tre ge a gle D e r F r e is c hii tz —Elij a h
’
Ar thu r s

—M a ha n Ba li—Déha k—N imr o d —N i mro d s d e fia n c e o f

c ha r i o t
'

J e ho v a h—I I is To w e r Ro bbe r K n ights —The De v il in Le i pzig

O la f hu n ti n g pa ga n s—I l u n ti n g ho rn s—Ra v e n —Bo a r —Ho u n ds
-

H o rse — D a pp gle r i rn m— Sle i pn i r — H o r se fl e s h — The ma re Che

-
ti ya
—Sta gs—St H u be rt—The W hi te La dy—Myths o f Mo the r Ro se
.

Wo d a n hu n ti n g S t W a
. lp g
u r a — F r i a r E c k h a rd t
 CON TE N TS . x i

CH AP TE R XXVII .

LE BON DI ABLE .

n o:
—
The D e v il re pa i n te d S ta n a d iv i e a ge
a n n t— St Ora in s here sy .
’

Pr i mi ti v e u n iv e rsa lism—Fa the r Sin i stra ti—Sa lv a ti o n o f d e mo n s

M ed ie a l ec s
v s t — A q u i n a s H is p y
r a e r fo r Sa t
a n —P o pu la r a n ti pa
thies —Th e —
D e v i l s gr a ti tu de D e v i l d e fe n d i n g i n n oc e n c e D e v il
’
—
a ga i n s ti d le lo r s
d — The w i c ke d a l e w i fe-— Pi o us o ffe n d e r s pu n ishe d
D e v i ls —D e v i ls tu r n ms De v il
’
An a chr o n is ti c to po e s go o d
j u stice—Cha r le
-

a dv i ce —D e v il ic
st ks — H is lov e
to his w o rd of

ma gn e an d the —
Se r p en t M er li n —H is pr iso n of Ai r —M e phi sto
phe les in H ea v en

CH APTE R XXVI I I .

AN I M AL I SM .

C e ls us o n Sa ta n —F e n citi es o f i n w a rd nat
u re —The D e v il o f Lust
b
Ce li a y c — B lu e Be a r d s —S h u d e n d o zi —A la d y i n d i s —
t ss Ba hi
re

ra w a —The Bla c k P
r in c e —M a d a m Y a k se n yo —Fa i r fa sc i n a to rs
D e v i l o f Je a lo u y
s E v e
’
s j e a lo u sy
— N o a h
’
s w i fe H o w Sa ta n
en te red the A r k— Shi p w r i ghts
’
D i rge —The Se co n d F ll—The
a

D r un k en cu rse — So lo mo n '
s Fa ll—C e lla r D e v ils —Glu tto n y— The
V a ti ca n ha un te d Av a r ice —An i ma lise d D e v ils —M a n sha e d
-

p
An i mals

C H APTE R XX IX .

THOU GHTS AN D I N TE RPRETATI ON S

 L I ST O F I L L U S T R AT I O N S.

VOL . I I .

PIO PAGE

r. Li li th an d Ev e
2. Te mpta tio n and Ex pu ls i o n of Ada m a n d E v e
3 Sa .ta n u n i P
she d

4 H i e ra rc hy o f H e ll
.

5 G n.o s ti c i g u re o F
f Sa ta n
6 Te mpta ti o n o f Chr is t
.

7 Ad .a m Si gn i n g Co n tr a c t fo r his os te ri ty to Sa t
a n P
O
8 Se th ffe r i n g a Bra n ch to Ad a m
.

9 . P ro c e ss i o n
f th e Se r pe n t o f Si n s
o

x c An c ie n t R us s ia n W a ll
. a i n tin
g -
P
xx . Ale x a n d e r V I a s An tic hr i s t
.

12 . P
The o pe n u rse d by Me ga r a
’
x 3.An ti c h r i s ts D e s ce n t
'
I 4. Lu the r 3 D e v il a s se e n by Ca th o lics
1 5. The P idr e of Li fe
’

16 . The Ar tis ts Resc ue

'
L t h s D e v il
I 7 u . e r

1 8 D ev i ls fr o m Old M issal
.

I 9 Ca r v i n g a t Co r be i l
. .

2 0. Lilith as Ca t
2 1. A W i tc h fr o m Lyo n s Ca the d ra l
22 . Se a l fro m Ra v e n Bo o k
2 3 The
. W ic k ed A le -
W i fe
2 4 A M e d iae v a l D e a th Be d
-
.

25 . F
ro m H o ga r t h s Ra re e Sho w
’

2 6 A So u l s D o o m
'
.

2 7 Cr u e l t
.
y a n d L u st

2 8. J e a lo u sy
29 . Sa ta n an d N o r a ita

30. M o n k is h G lu tto n y
3x . De v i l of D a n e ge ld Tr ea su r e

32 . St . Ja me s a n d D e v i ls
D i l fro m N o tre D a me , Pa r is
33 e
. v
 TH E D EV I L .

C H A PTE R I .

D I ABOLI SM .

d D e v l d i sti n gu i sh e d — D r a go n s w i n gs—W a r in H e a v e n
i ’
D ra go n a n
E x pu ls i o n o f Se r pe n ts — D i s l i
s o u t o n o f th e D r a go n —Th e o lo gi c a l
o r igi n o f the D e v i l— I d e a l a n d ct
a u a l— D e v i l D o gma —D e b a se
me n t o f i d e a l pe r s o n s— Tr a n smi gr a ti o n of p h a n to ms .

WE nothing oth e r th a n W ill s sa y s St A ugu s tin e ;

a r e a ll ,
’
.

a n d h e a dd s th a t o f th e good a n d ba d a ng e l s th e n a tur e i s

th e s a m e th e w ill di ffe re nt
, In h a rmony w ith thi s Joh n.

”1
Be a umont s a ys A good d e s ire o f mind i s a good God
,
‘
.

T o w hich a ll the mythology o f E vil a dd s a ba d d e s ire o f ,

m ind i s 3 D e vil E ve ry p e rs onifica tion o f a n e vil W ill

. .

lo ok s be yond th e outw a rd ph e nom e n a o f p a i n a n d con ,

c e i v e s a h e a rt th a t love s e vil a s pirit th a t m a k e s fo r

,

w ick e dn e ss A t thi s point a n e w e l e m e nt a ltoge th e r

.

e n t e rs The phy s ic a l p a i n incid e nt a lly re pre s e nt e d by the

.

D e mon g e n e ra li se d a n d org a ni se d into a principl e o f

,
°

h a rm fulne s s in the D ra gon be gin s n o w to p a s s und e r the ,

s h a do w c a s t by th e a s c e nding light o f m a n s mora l n a ture

’
.

M a n b e com e s con s ciou s o f mora l a n d s piritu a l p a in s :

th e y ma y be s till im a gin a tive ly conn e cte d w ith bodily
By J o hn Be a u mo n t, Ge n t
1 ‘
Tre a tise of Spi r i ts
.
’
. Lo n do n , 1 705 .

VOL I I . . A
 D E VI L D E F I N E D .

agoni e s but th e se drop out o f the i mm e di a te conce ption

, ,

disa ppe a r into a di sta nt future a n d a r e e ve n re pla c e d by ,

the notion o f a n e vi l s ymboli s e d by pl e a s u r e .

The fund a m e nta l d i fl e r e n c e be tw e e n e ith e r a D e mo n o r

'

D ra gon a n d a D e vil ma y be r e cognise d in thi s : w e n e ve r

find the form e r volunta rily be s to w ing phys ica l pl e a s u r e o r
h a ppin e ss o n ma n w h e re a s it i s a c h ig_f_pa r_t o f the notio n
, fl

o f a D e vil th a t h e o fte n co n fers e a r thl f vour in d r to

y a s o r e

Th e re ind e e d a ppa re nt e xce ptions to thi s th e o r e m

a re , ,

pre s e nte d in the a ga tho dra gons w hich h a ve a lre a dy b e e n

-

con s id e re d in our cha pte r on the B a s ili s k ; but the re a d e r

w ill ob s e r ve tha t th e re i s no intim a tion in s uch myth s o f

a n y m a lign ult e rior purpose in the good om e n s broug h t by

thos e e xce ption a l mons te rs a n d tha t th e y a r e re a lly form s

,

o f m a l e vol e nt po w e r w ho s e a ffl ic ti v e inte nt i s s uppo s e d to

h a ve be e n va nqui sh e d by the s up e rior might o f th e h e roe s

or s a ints to w hos e glory the y a r e re l u cta ntly compe lle d
to be com e t r ibut a ry .

Undoubte dly the D ra gon a tte nd e d thi s mora l a n d r e

li gio u s d e ve lopm e n t o f m a n s in w a rd n a ture ve ry fa r a n d
’

s till occupi e s a s a t onc e pri s on e r a n d g a ol e r in the und e r

,

w orld a s u bordin a t e re l a tion to i t

,
In the long proc e ss .

h e ha s und e rgon e c e r t a in tra n s for ma tion s a n d in pa rticu l a r ,

h is a ttribut e o f w ing s i f not d e riv e d from the notion o f h i s

,

s tru ggl e a ga in s t holi e r be ing s s e e m s to h a ve be e n l a rge ly

,

e nh a nc e d th e re by The e xce ption a l w ings give n to s e r

.

pe nts in Gre e k a r t those fo r in s ta nce w hich dra w D e m e te r

, , ,

a n d P e rs e phon e in th e ir ch a riot a r e trifling a s comp a re d ,

w ith the fully d e ve lop e d w ings o f our conve ntion a l D ra go n

-

o f the chri s ti a n e r a S uch w ing s might h a ve b e e n d e

.

v e lo pe d occa s ion a lly to d e not e the fl y ing cloud the fir e ,

bre a thing storm o r e xpl a in ho w s om e Rahu w a s e n a bl e d

,

to purs u e the su n a n d moon a n d s w a llo w th e m te mpora rily

 D RA 6 ON WI N GS

i n the ph e nom e n a o f e clips e But th e s e w in gs gr e w to

.

more import a nt dim e n s ion s w h e n th e y w e re ca ught u p into

th e Se mitic conc e ption o f w ing e d g e nii a n d d e s troying

a nge l s a n d a s s oci a t e d w i th a n a mbitiou s a ss a u lt on h e a v e n

,
'

a n d i ts divin e or a ng e lic occup a nt s .

Th e r e w a s w a r in H e a ve n sa ys th e A poc a lypse The

‘ ’
.
,

tra ditio n a l d e s cription s o f thi s w a r follow pre tty clos e ly ,

i n dra m a tic d e ta il s oth e r a n d more a n ci e nt s tru gl e s

,
g
w hich re fl e ct ma n s e ncount e rs w ith th e h a rd s hips of
’

n a ture .I n th o se e ncounte rs ma n im a gin e d the god s

d e s c e nding e a rth w a rd to mingl e in the fra y ; but e ve n
w h e re th e s truggl e mount e d high e s t the s c e n e r y i s m a inly

t e rre stri a l a n d the i s s u e s thos e o f pl a ce a n d pow e r the ,

d ominion o f vi s ibl e L ight e sta bli sh e d a bove D a rkn e ss or ,

o f a comp a ra tiv e ly civi li s e d ove r a s a v a g e ra c e The w a rs .

b e tw e e n the D e va s a n d A s ura s in Indi a the D e vs a n d ,

A b ura s in P e rs i a Budd ha a n d th e N a g a s in Ce ylo n

, ,

G a r ti r a a n d the Se rp e nt me n in the north o f Indi a god s

-

a n d Fro s t gi a nt s in Sc a ndin a vi a s till conc e rn m a n s r e

’
-

l a ti on to the fruits o f the e a rth to h e a t a n d fros t to d a rk

, ,

n e s s or s torm a n d s u n s hin e .

B ut s om e o f th e s e a t l e n gth find v e rs ion s w hich r e ve a l

th e ir te nd e ncy tow a rd s s piritu a li s a tion The di ffe re nc e s .

pre s e nt e d by o n e o f th e s e l e ge nd s w hich ha s s urv ive d

a m o n g u s in n e a rly i ts a n ci e nt form from th e s a m e

w hic h re m a in s in a p a rtly my s tica l form w ill illu s tra t e th e

tra n s ition a l ph a se Thu s Ga r ti r a e xpe lling the se rp e nts

.
,

from h i s re a lm in Indi a i s not a s a intly l e ge nd ; thi s e xte r

mi n a to r o f s e rp e nt s i s s a id to h a ve comp e ll e d the re ptil e
ra ce to s e nd him o n e o f th e ir numb e r d a ily tha t h e might
e a t i t a nd th e r a tion a li s e d tra dition int e rpre t s thi s a s the
,
.

princ e s ca nniba li s m The e xpul s ion o f N a ga s or s e rpe nts

’
.

fro m Ce ylon by Buddh a in ord e r th a t h e might con s e cra te

,

t ha t i s l a nd to the holy la w ma rk s th e piou s a cce ntu a tion

,
 E XP U L SI ON OF SE R PE N TS .

o f th e fa bl e . xpul s ion o f s n a k e s fro m I re l a n d b y

The e

S t P a trick is a l e g e nd conce ive d in th e s pirit o f th e c u r s e

.

pronounc e d upon the se rpe nt in E d e n but in thi s c a s e th e ,

mo d e rn myth i s th e mor e p rimitive mora lly a n d m o re ,

n e a rly re pre s e nts th e e xploit o f Ga r ti r a St P a trick e x '

. .

p e l s the s n a ke s tha t he ma y m a k e Ire l a nd a p a ra d i s e

phy s ica lly a n d e sta blis h h is re puta tion a s a n a po s tle by
,

fu lfilling th e s ign s o f o n e n a m e d by Chri s t ; a n d i n thi s

1

p a rticul a r it s light ly ri s e s a bove the H ind u s tory I n th e .

c a s e o f th e se rpe nt curs e d in E d e n a furthe r mora li s a t i o n

o f th e confl ict i s s ho w n The s e rp e nt i s not pre s e n t i n
.

E d e n a s in the re a lm s o f Ga r ti r a a n d S t P a trick fo r p u r
, .
,

pos e s o f phy s ic a l d e va s ta tion or p a in but to be s to w a ,

pl e a s ure on ma n w ith a vi e w to s ucc e s s in a fu r th e r i s s u e

be tw e e n him s e l f a n d the d e ity Y e t in thi s E d e n my th .

th e a nci e nt comba t i s not y e t fa irly s piritu a li s e d fo r th e

i s s u e s till re l a t e s a s in th a t b e tw e e n the D e v a s a n d
,

A s ura s to the po s s e s s ion o f a m a gic a l fruit w hich b y n o

,

me a n s con fe rs s a nctity In the a poca lyptic l e ge nd o f th e

.

w a r i n h e a ve n th e l e ge nd h a s be com e fa irly s pi r it u a li s e d
2
, .

T h e i s s u e i s no longe r t e rre s tria l it i s n o long e r fo r me r e ,

po w e r ; the D ra gon i s a rra y e d a ga in s t th e w om a n a n d

child a n d a ga in s t the s p i r itu a l s a lva tio n o f ma n k i n d
,
‘ ’

o f w hom h e i s a ccu se r a n d d e ce ive r ’ ’

.

S ure ly n obody could be d e ce ive d by a gre a t fi e r y

‘ ’ ‘

r e d D r a gon h a ving s e ve n h e a d s a n d te n horn s t i ’

, In h s
vi s io n the D ra gon i s pre s s e d a s fa r a s the for m c a n go i n
th e s ymboli s a tion o f e vil To d e vour the child i s i ts
.

le gitim a t e w ork but a s a ccu s e r o f th e bre thr e n

‘
,
b e fo re
G o d d a y a n d night th e mon s trou s s h a p e w e re s u r e ly o u t
’

o f pl a ce by a n y mythologic a n a logy ; a n d o n e c o u l d
h ar dly im a gin e s uch a phys iognomy ca pa bl e o f d e c e ivi n
g
1 Lu ke x . 1 9.
Re v . an .
 B I SS OL U TJ ON OF TH E D R A G ON .
5
‘
the w hol e w orld It i s not w ond e rful th e re fore th a t th e
.
’
, ,

D ra gon s pre s e nc e in h e a ve n i s only m e ntion e d in conn e c

’

tion w i th h i s fa ll from i t It i s s ignifica nt th a t th e w ings

.

a r e los t in th i s fa ll ; fo r w hil e hi s a n ge li c r e la ti o n s h i
‘ ’

p s u g
g e s t s the pr e vio u s w ing s th e w om a n i s a bl
, e to e s ca p e th e

fa ll e n mon s t e r by th e tw o w i n gs give n he r 1
W ingl e s s n o w .
,

th e old s e rp e nt onc e more the mon s te r s s h a pe ha s no

‘ ’ ’

a d a pt a t ion to th e mora l a n d r e ligiou s s truggl e w hich i s

to e n s u e For h is s h a p e i s a m e thod a n d i t m e a n s the

.
,

p e r fe ction o f brut e forc e T h a t ind e e d a l s o. r e m a in s in , ,

th e s e qu e l o f thi s m a gnific e nt my th A s in the l e g e nd o f .

th e H ydr a tw o h e a d s s pring up in pl a c e o f th a t w hich

fa ll s s o in thi s chri s ti a n l e g e nd out o f th e ove rthro w n

,

m on s t e r h e nc e forth him s e l f conc e a l e d tw o a ri se from h i s

, ,

i n s pira tion — th e s e v e n h e a d e d te n horn e d B e a s t w h o con

,
-

,
-

ti n u e s the w ork o f w ra th a n d pa in ; but a l s o a l a mb like -

Be a s t w i th only tw o horn s (fa r l e s s t e rribl e ) a n d a bl e to

, ,

d e ce ive by h is mira cl e s fo r h e i s e ve n a bl e to c a ll dow n

,

fi r e from h e a v e n Th e a nci e nt Se rp e nt dra gon the e x

.
-

pre ss ion o f n a tura l p a in thu s goe s to pi e ce s H is old e r

, .

p a rt re m a in s to w ork mi s chi e f a n d hurt ; a n d the cry i s

u tt e re d , Be m e r r y y e h e a ve n s a n d y e th a t t a b e rn a cl e
, ,

i n th e m : w o e to the e a rth a n d th e s e a l fo r the d e vil i s

c om e dow n unto you h a ving gre a t w ra th b e ca u s e he
,

k no w s th a t he h a s a s hort tim e ” But th e re i s a l a mb .

lik e p a rt o f him too a n d hi s re l a tion to the D ra gon i s only

,

k no w n by h is voic e .

T hi s s ubtl e a d a pta tion o f the s ymbol o f e xte rn a l p a in

to the re pre s e nt a tion o f the mora l s truggl e w h e re in the ,

h o s til e po w e r ma y a s s um e d e c e ptive form s o f b e a uty a n d

p l e a s ure i s only o n e impr e s s iv e illu s tra tion o f th e tra n s fe r

,

o f hum a n conc e ption s o f e vil from o u t w a rd to in w a rd

1 Re v m . . c f v e rse s
.
4, 9 an d 14 . Re v . a n . 1 2.
 6 TH E D E VI L TH E OL O GI CA L

na ture . tra ns ition i s fro m a m a l e vol e nt fa ta l p r i n

The , ,

c i p le o f h a rm fuln e s s to the body to a m a l e vol e nt fa ta l , ,

principle o f e vil to the con s ci e nce The D e mo n w a s .

n a tura l ; the D ra gon w a s both phys ica l a n d m e ta phy s i c a l ;

th e D e v il w a s a n d i s the o logic a l I n the pri mitive Z o r o a s
.

tria n th e ology w h e re the D e vil firs t a ppe a rs in cl e a r d e fi

,

n i ti o n h e i s the oppon e n t o f the G ood M in d a n d th e

, ,

comba t be tw e e n th e tw o O r muzd a n d A hrim a n i s th e

, ,

s piritu a li s a tion o f th e comb a t b e t w e e n L ight a n d D a r k

n e ss Pa in a n d Ha ppin e s s in the e x te r n a l w orld

, ,
A s th e s e .

vi s ibl e a nta go ni s ts w e re s uppos e d to be e x a ctly b a l a n c e d

a g a in s t e a ch oth e r s o a r e th e ir s pirit u a l corre l a tive s
, T he .

T w o M ind s a r e d e s cribe d a s T w in s .

Tho s e old S pirits w h o a r e t w in s m a d e kno w n w h a t i s

, ,

good a n d w ha t i s e vil in thoughts w ord s a n d d e e d s , , .

T ho s e w h o a r e good di s ti n g u i s h e d b e t w e e n th e tw o ; n o t
s o tho se w ho a r e e vil do e rs -
.

W h e n th e s e tw o Spirits ca m e toge th e r th e y ma d e fi r s t
li fe a n d d e a th s o th a t the re s hould be a t l a s t th e m o s t
,

w r e tch e d li fe fo r th e b a d but fo r the goo d bl e s s e d n e s s

, .

O f th e s e tw o Spirits the e vil o n e cho s e th e w o rs t d e e d s

th e kind S pirit he w ho s e g a r me nt i s th e i m m o v a bl e s k
y
,
,

cho s e w h a t i s r ight 1
.
’

Thi s m e ta phys ic a l th e ory follo w s clos e ly th e pri m i t i

v e
s ci e ntific ob s e rva tion s on w hich i t i s b a s e d i l
; t i s th e c o d

lo n g e r ma r r e d b y
a ss oci a tion w i th th e e vil s id e of n a tur
Or mu z d i s c e l e
r Zmda v e s h , a cn a x x x M a x M iille r , Sc i e n c e of R e ligio n ,
.
’
p. 2 38 .
 M OR AL D U ALI SM .
7

b r a te d as fa the r of p the orldure w h ow s u s t a in s ,th

’
e

e a rth a n d th e cloud s th a t th e y do not fa ll ha s ma de

’
an d ,

th e ki n d ly light a n d th e d a rkn e s s the kindly s l e e p a n d ,

th e a w a king ; 1
a t e v e ry s t e p b e ing s ugg e s t e d th e fa th e r
’

o f th e i m p u r e w orld th e u
,
n k i n d } light d a rkn, e s s or s l e e p , .

The e cs ta sy w hich a tt e nd e d m a n s firs t vi s ion o f a n

’

id e a l li fe d e fi e d the contra dic tory fa cts o f outw a rd a n d

i nw a rd n a ture So s oon a s he h a d b e h e ld a pure r im a ge
.

o f him s e l f ri s ing a bove h i s o w n a nim a li s m h e mu s t not ,

only re g a rd tha t a nim a li s m a s a n in s tiga tion o f a d e vil but ,

a l s o th e lik e o f it in n a ture ; a n d thi s conc e ption w ill p r o

c e e d p a n f a r m w ith the cre a tion o f pure d e iti e s in th e

'

i m a ge o f th a t high e r s e l f Th e re w a s a s y e t no philo sophy

.

d e m a ndi n g unity in the Cos mo s or forbidding ma n to ,

hold a s a ccurs e d s o much o f n a ture a s did not obviou sly

a ccord w ith hi s id e a l s .

M r E d w a rd B Tylor ha s tra c e d the gro w th o f A ni mi s m

. .

fr om m a n s s h a dow a n d h is bre a thi n g ; S i r Joh n L ubbock

’

h a s tra c e d th e influ e nc e o f dre a m s in forming a round

him a ghos tly w orld ; M r H e rbe rt Sp e nc e r ha s give n a n
.

a n a ly s i s o f th e prob a bl e proc e s s e s by w hich thi s invi s ibl e

e nvironm e nt w a s s h a p e d fo r th e m e nta l conce ption in

a ccord a nc e w i th fa mily a n d s oci a l condition s But it i s .

n e c e s s a ry th a t w e s hould h e re r e cogni s e the s h a do w th a t

w a lk e d by the mora l n a t u re th e br e a thi n gs o f re ligiou s

,

a s pira tion a n d th e dre a m s w hich vi s it e d a ma n w ho se

,

mora l s e n se w a s s o ge n e ra lly a t va ri a nc e w ith h is a nim a l

d e s ire s . T he cod e e s ta bli s h e d fo r the common good ,

w hil e n e ce ss a rily h a ving a r e l a tion to e ve ry individu a l

c on s ci e nc e i s a re s triction upon individu a l libe rty

,
The .

c onflict be t w e e n s e lfi s hn e s s a n d duty i s thu s in a ugura t e d

i t continu e s in the s truggl e be tw e e n the la w in the me m

‘

1 Ya cn a x li ii .
8 I D E AL A N D A CI UAL .

be rs a n d the la w in the s pirit w hich le d P a ul to be a t h is

,
’

body (w o w mfo p a l) to k e e p it in s ubj e ction ; it pa ss e s fro m

th e La tin poe t to th e E ngli s hm a n w ho t u rn s hi s e x p e r i
,

e nce to a run e

I s e e the r i gh t, a n d I a pp r o v ei t to o ;
Co n d e mn the w r o n g, a n d y e tthe w r o n g u r s u e
p .

A s the light w hich c a s t it w a s inte n s e e ve n s o i nte n s e ,

w a s th e s h a do w it c a s t b e n e a th a ll it could not p e n e tra te .

P a s s ion a te a s w a s the s a intli e s t m a n s love o f good e ve n

’

s o p a ss ion a t e w a s h i s s piritu a l e n e my s lov e o f e vil H igh

’
.

a s w a s the a zure va ult th a t mingl e d w ith h i s dre a m s o f

purity s o d e e p w a s the a bys s b e n e a th his lo w e r n a ture

, .

The s upe rfici a l e qu a liti e s o f ph e nom e n a p a in ful a n d pl e a ,

s u r a b le , to h i s a nim a l n a ture h a d c a s t the mould i nto

w hich h i s th e ori e s o f the i n w a rd a n d the mora l ph e no

m e n a mu t be ca s t ; a d thu
s n s m an — i a a n a ugu s t mom e n t
—s urre nd e re d him s e l f to the dre a d ful conc e ption o f a
s upre m e Principl e o f W ick e dn e s s : w h e re ve r good w a s
th e re s tood i ts a dve rs a ry ; w h e re ve r truth th e re i ts d e ni e r ; ,

no light s hon e w ithout the d a rk pre s e nc e tha t w ould

qu e nch it ; innoc e nce ha d i ts o ffi ci a l a ccu s e r virtu e i ts ,

a ccompli s h e d t e mpt e r p e a ce i ts bre a ke r fa ith i ts d is

, ,

turb e r a n d mock e r . N a y to thi s i mpe rs on a tion w a s

,

a dd e d th e l a s t fe a ture o f fie n d ish n e s s a n a ture w hich

,

found i ts s upre m e s a ti s fa ction in ultim a t e ly torturing

h um a n be ing s fo r th e s in s in s tiga t e d by him s e l f
2
. .

It is op e n to qu e s tion ho w fa r a n y a ve ra ge o f m a nki n d
re a lly conce ive d thi s th e ologica l dogm a E a s y a s it i s .

to put into cl e a r ve rb a l s ta te m e nt ; re a d ily a s the a n a lo

’
gi e s o f na ture s u p ply a rgum e n ts fo r a n d illu s tra tion s o f
a ba l a nce b e t w e e n mora l light a n d d a rkn e s s love a n d ,

h a tre d ; y e t i s ma n limite d in s u bj e ctive conce ptions to

h is o w n po s s ibiliti e s a n d it ma y a lmo s t be s a id tha t to
,
 TH E D E VI L D O GM A .
9

ge nuin e ly b e li e v e in a n a bs olute Fi e nd a ma n w ould h a ve

to be pot e nti a lly o n e him se l f But a n y hum a n be in g .
,

a nim a t e d by ca u s e l e s s a n d purpo s e l e s s d e s ire to inflict

p a in o n oth e rs w ould be u n ive rs a lly re ga rd e d a s ins a n e

, ,

much mor e o n e w ho w ould w ithout motive corrupt a s w e ll

a s a fflict .

E ve n th e ologica l s ta t e m e nt s o f th e p e rs on a lity o f E vil ,

a n d w h a t th a t impli e s a r e r a re The follo w i n g i s bra v e

, .

e nough to b e put on re cord a p a rt from i ts s ugg e s tiv e n e s s

, .

I t c a nnot be d e ni e d tha t a s th e re i s a n in s pira tion o f

'

holy love s o i s th e re a n in s pira tion o f h a tre d or fra ntic

, ,

pl e a s ure w ith w hich me n s urre nd e r th e m s e lve s to th e

,

impu l s e s o f d e structive n e s s ; a n d w h e n the popul a r la n

gu a g e s pe a k s o f pos s e s s ion s o f Sa ta n o f inc a rn a te d e vil s , ,

th e re li e s a t the bottom o f thi s the gra ve truth th a t me n ,

by continu e d s inning ma y pa ss the ordin a ry limit b e tw e e n

,

hu m a n a n d di a bolic d e p r a vity a n d la y ope n in th e m se lve s

,

a d e e p a by ss o f h a tr e d w hich w ithout a n y mixture o f s e l f

,

i nt e r e s t find s i ts gra tific a tion in d e va s ta tion a n d w o e 1 ’

.
,

O n thi s it ma y be s a id th a t the popul a r comm e nta ry on

ca s e s o f the kind i s cont a i n e d in the ve ry phra se a llud e d
,
‘
s ss —
to po s e ion the implica tion be ing th a t s uch d is i n
,
’

te r e s te d d e pra vity i s no w i s e p o s s ib le w ithin th e ra nge o f

s impl e hum a n e xp e ri e nc e — a n d in mod e rn tim e s pos s e s , ,
‘

s ion s a r e tr e a t e d in a s ylum s M orbid condition s h o w

’
.
,

e ve r a r e o f s uch v a ri e d d e gr e e s th a t it i s prob a bl e m a ny
,

ha ve i m a gin e d a B e i n g in w hom th e ir w ors t impul s e s a r e

unre s tra ine d a n d thu s th e re h a ve b e e n s u ffici e nt popul a r
,

a pproxim a tion s to a n im a gin a tive conc e ption o f a D e vil

to e n a bl e the th e ologica l dogm a w hich fe w c a n a n a lys e , ,

to s urvive .

It mu st not be s uppo s e d ho w e ve r th a t the mora l a n d

, ,

1 D i e Chri s tli che L e hre v on d e r Sii n d e .

" Vo n Ju li us M iille r, Br e s la u ,
18 4
4 , i .1 93 .
ro I D E AL PE R S ON S D E BA SE D .

iritu a l id e a l s to w hich a ll u s ion ha s j u s t b e e n m a d e a r e

s
p , ,

norm a lly re pre s e nte d i n the va r iou s D e vil s w hich w e h a ve

to con s id e r I t i s th e ch a ra cte ri stic o f p e r so n i fic a ti o n s
.
,

w h e th e r c e l e s ti a l or in fe rn a l to s up e rs e d e gra du a lly the,

id e a s out o f w hich the y s pring A s in the fa bl e o f A gni .

,

w ho i s s a id to h a ve d e voure d h i s p a re nt s w h e n h e w a s

born a m e ta phor o f fi r e con s uming the tw o s ticks w hich

,

produce it re ligiou s hi s to r y s how s both d e iti e s a n d

,

d e vil s by th e fl a m e o f pe rs on a l d e votion or h a tre d th e y

,

e ng e nd e r burning up the id e a s th a t origin a t e th e m

, W he n .

in ste a d o f uncon s ciou s forc e s a n d in a nim a t e l a w s w orkin g

to re s u lt s ca ll e d good a n d e vil me n s e e gre a t pe rson a l ,

W ill s e nga ge d in p e rs ona l conflict the unive rse b e co me s ,

a gove rnm e nt o f comb a t ; the s ta rs o f h e a ve n the a nge l s ,

a n d th e imp s me n a n d w om e n the v e ry pl a nts a n d

, ,

a nim a l s a r e c a ught up in th e b a ttl e to be m a rs h a ll e d o n

, ,

o n e s id e or the oth e r ; a n d in th e milit a ry s pirit a n d fury

o f the s truggl e the s piritu a l id e a l s b e com e a s in s ignific a n t

b e n e a th the ph a ntom hos ts the y e vok e d a s the v iole ts

-

a n d d a i s i e s w hich a n a rmy tra mpl e s in i ts m a rch Th e re .

i s littl e di ffe re nc e a t la s t be tw e e n the mora l ch a ra cte ri s tics

o f th e re s p e ctiv e a rmi e s o f Ormuzd a n d A hrim a n M ich a e l ,

a n d Sa ta n ; th e ir s tra te gy a n d fe rocity a r e the s a m e 1

.

W h e re ve r the conc e ption i s th a t o f a unive rs e divid e d

into hos til e c a mps the a ppropri a t e pa s s ion s a r e kindle d
, ,

a n d in the thick o f th e fi e ld w h e re Cru e l ty a n d G e ntl e n e s s

,

me t i s s e e n a t l a s t a horn e d B e a s t con front e d by a horn e d

,

La mb 11
.O n both s id e s i s e x a lta tion o f th e horn .

1 O ma d b o
r z r u gh t he lp
; by th etog r a cme
e o f r m a z d m O
i re ly
y tr o o ps e n t
d e fe a te d the r e be l a r my a n d to o k Si tra ta c hme s, a n d b r o u ght him be fo re me .

The n I cu t o ff his n o se a n d h is e a rs , a n d I sc o u rge d hi m He w a s ke p t .

c ha i n e d a tmy d o o r . All the k i n gd o m be he ld hi m. A fte r w a r d s I cr u ci fie d

h i m a t A r be la ta ble t o f D a r ius Hysta s pe s

’
. So sa ys the . Bu t w ha t co u ld
D a ri us ha v e d o n e by the gr a ce of Ahr ima n i ’

1
Cf Re v
. . v . 6 a n d x ii 1 5
. .
 PE R VE R SI ON OF CH RI S T r r

W e n e e d only look outcom e o f the ge ntl e a n d

a t th e
lo w ly J e s u s through the e xige nci e s o f th e church milita n t
to se e ho w pote n t a r e s uch force s A lthough la y chri sti a n s .

o f ordin a ry e duc a tion a r e a ccu s tom e d to ra tion a l i s e th e ir

dogm a s a s w e ll a s th e y c a n a n d d w e ll on the loving a n d

,

p a ti e nt ch a ra cte ri s tics o f J e s u s the horn s w hich w e re ,

a tt a ch e d to th e bro w o f him w h o s a id L ove your e n e mi e s ,

by a ge s o f chri s ti a n w a r fa re re m a in s till in th e Chri s t o f

Th e ology a n d th e y a r e s till d e p e nd e d on to ove ra w e the
,

s inn e r In a n orthodox fa mily w ith w hich I ha ve ha d

‘ ’
.

s om e a cqu a int a nc e a littl e boy w h o h a d u s e d n a ughty

, ,

e xpre ss ion s o f r e s e ntm e nt to w a rd s a pl a ym a t e w a s a d

moni s he d tha t h e s hould be more like Chri s t w ho n e ve r ,

did a n y h a rm to h is e n e mi e s N o a n s w e r e d the w ra th
.
’
,
’

fu l child but h e s a going to

’ ’
-
.
,

A s in D e monology w e tra c e the s truggl e s o f ma n w ith

e xt e rn a l ob s truction s a n d th e ph a nta s m s in w hich th e s e
,

w e re r e fl e ct e d until th e y w e re und e rs tood or s urmounte d ,

w e h a ve n o w to con s id e r th e form s w hich re port hum a n

s a —
progre ion on a high e r pl n e th a t o f s oci a l mora l a n d
s , ,

re ligiou s e volution Cre a tion s o f a crud e Th e ology in i ts

.
,

a tt e mpt to int e rpre t t h e mora l s e ntim e nt the D e vil s to ,

w hich w e n o w turn our a tt e ntion h a ve multipli e d a s th e

v a riou s int e re s ts o f m a nkind h a v e com e i n to re l a tion s w ith

th e ir cons ci e nce E ve ry d e gre e o f a s c e nt o f the mora l

.

n a ture h a s be e n m a rke d by innum e ra bl e n e w s h a do w s ca s t

a th w a rt th e mind a n d th e li fe o f ma n E ve ry n e w h e a v e n .

o f id e a s i s follow e d by a n e w e a rth but e r e thi s con for ,

mity o f things to th oughts c a n ta k e pl a c e s truggl e s mu s t

c om e a n d th e old d e mon s w ill be re c a ll e d fo r n e w s e rvic e .

A s tim e goe s on things n e w gro w old ; the fre s h i s s u e s

p a s s a w a y the ir ba ttl e fi e ld s gro w cold ; th e n the brood o f
,

s up e rs titio n mu st flit a w a y to th e n e x t fi e ld w h e re c a rrio n

I z TR A N SM I GR A T] 01V OF PH A N TOM S .

i s found . Foul a n d re pul s ive a s a r e th e s e vulture s o f th e

— —
mind org a ni s m s o f mora l s e w a ge e ve ry o n e o f the m i s
a w itn e s s to th e victori e s o f m a nkind ove r the e vil s th e y

s h a do w a n d to the s t e a dy a dva nc e o f a n e w e a rth w hic h

,

s uppli e s th e m no h a bita t but the a rch e ologi s t s p a ge

’
.
 C H A PT E R I I .

TH E SE C ON D BE S T .

Re spe c t fo r the —
D e v i l P r imi ti v e a th e sm
i —I de a li s a ti o n —Bir th o f n ew

go d s — N e w go d s d i a b o li se d —Co mp r o mi se be tw e e n n ew go d s a n d
o ld — F o r e ign d e i ti e s d e gr a d e d —The i r u tili sa ti o n .

A L AD Y re s iding in Ha mps hire E ngl a nd re ce ntly s a id to

, ,

a fri e nd o f th e pre se nt w rite r both b e ing moth e rs

, Do ,
‘

y o u m a k e
,
your c h ildr e n bo w th e ir h e a d s w h e n e v e r th e y
me ntion th e D e vil s n a m e I do s he a dd e d s ol e mnly
’ ’

, ,

I think i ts s a fe r
’ ’
.

Thi s in s ta nc e o f re ve re nc e fo r the D e vil s n a m e occur

’

r ing in a r e s p e ct a bl e E ngli s h fa mily ma y e xcit e a s mil e ; but

,

i f my re a d e r ha s p e ru s e d the third a n d fourth ch a pte rs ( Pa rt

I ) o f thi s w ork in w hich it w a s n e c e s s a ry to s ta t e ce rta in
.
,

fa cts a n d principl e s w hich und e rli e the ph e nom e n a o f d e gra

d a tion i n both D e monology a n d D e vil lore he w ill a lre a dy -

k n o w the high s ignific a n ce o f n e a rly a ll the n a m e s w hich

h a ve inve s t e d the pe r s o n ific a ti o n s o f e vil a n d he w ill not
be s urpri s e d to find th e ir origin a l s a nctity though lo w e re d , ,

s om e tim e s ,
s urviving in s uch im a gin a r y form s a ft e r the

b a ttl e s in w hich th e y w e re va nqui s he d ha ve p a s se d out o f

a ll cont e mpora ry inte re s t I f fo r e x a mpl e in s te a d o f th e
.
, ,

D e vil w ho s e n a m e i s utte re d w ith re s p e ct in th e H a mp

,

s hir e hou s e hold a n y th e ologic a l boge y o f our o w n tim e

,

w e re th e re m e ntion e d s uch a s A th e i s t it might h a rdly

‘ ’

, ,

r e ce ive s uch con s id e ra t e tre a tm e nt .

The tw o ch a pte rs ju st re fe rre d to a nticip a te much th a t

14 . PR I M I T1 VB A TH E I SM
‘

s hou ld be c o n s id e re d a t thi s point o f our inqu i ry It is .

only n e ce ss a ry h e re to s uppl e m e nt th e m w ith a bri e f s t a t e

m e nt a n d to s om e e xte nt a re c a pitul a tion o f the p r o
, ,

c e ss e s by w hich d e gra d e d d e iti e s a r e pre s e rve d to continu e

through a s tructura l d e ve lopm e nt a n d fu lfil a n e c e ssa ry
p a rt in e ve ry the ologica l s ch e m e w hich includ e s the con
c e p ti o n o f a n e t e rn a l d i fl e r e n c e b e t w e e n good a n d e vil
'

E ve ry p e rs onific a tion w h e n it firs t a ppe a rs e xpre sse s a

high e r a n d la rge r vi e w W h e n d e iti e s re pre s e nting th e
.

phys ica l n e e d s o f m a nkind h a ve fa il e d a s th e y n e c e s sa rily

,

mu s t to m e e t those n e e ds a th e i s m follow s though it c a n

, , ,

not fo r a long tim e find philos ophica l e xpre s s ion It i s .

an a th e i s m a d Iw c so to s a y
, a n d w ork s by d e gra din g
,

p a rticu la r god s in s te a d o f by con s t r ucting a ntithe is tic

the ori e s Succ e s s ive dyna s ti e s o f d e iti e s a ri s e a n d flouri s h
.

in thi s w a y e a ch re pre s e nting a l e ss a rbitra ry re l a tio n to

,

— —
n a ture p e ril lying i n th a t dire ction a n d a high e r mo ra l
, ,

a n d s piritu a l id e a l , thi s be i n g the s tronghold o f d e iti e s .

It i s obviou s th a t it i s fa r e a s i e r to m a int a in the th e ory

th a t pra y e rs a r e h e a rd a n d a n sw e re d by a d e ity i f thos e
pra ye rs a r e limite d to s piritu a l re qu e s ts t h a n w h e n th e y
,

a r e p e titi o n s fo r outw a rd be n e fits . By giving ove r th e

cru e l a n d re mors e l e ss force s o f n a ture to the D e vil ,

to thi s or th a t p e rs onific a tion o f the m w ho a s god s ha d , ,

b e e n a ppe a l e d to in va in to s o fte n s uch force s the more — ,

s piritu a l god th a t follo w s ga i n s in s e curity a s w e ll a s

b e a uty w h a t he s urre nd e rs o f e mpire a n d omnipote nce .

Thi s la w i llu s tra t e d in our ch a pt e r on Fa t e op e ra t e s w ith

, ,

tre m e ndou s e ffe ct upon the condition s und e r w hich the

old comb a t i s s piritu a li s e d .

A n e loqu e nt pre a ch e r h a s s a id Ha w th orn e s fin e

’

fa ncy o f the youth w ho a s crib e d h e roic qu a liti e s to the

s ton e fa c e on the bro w o f a cli ff thu s conve rting th e
,

rocky profile into a ma n a n d by dint o f m e dita ting o n it

, ,
 I D E ALI SA TI 01V .

w ith a dmirin g a w e a ctu a lly tra n s fe rre d to him s e l f the

,

mora l e l e m e nts he w ors hippe d ha s b e e n m a d e fa ct a ,

thou s a nd tim e s i s m a d e fa ct e ve ry d a y by e a rn e s t s pirits

, ,

w h o by fa ith ful longing turn th e ir vi s ion s into ve riti e s ,

a n d obta in liv e a n s w e rs to th e ir p e tition s to s h a do w s

’
1
.

H ow e ve r im a gin a ry ma y be the be n e diction s s o d e ri v e d

by the w ors hipp e r from hi s im a ge th e y a r e mos t re a l a s ,

th e y re dound to the glory a n d pow e r o f the im a ge The .

cru d e s t p e rs onifica tion ga th e ring up the s a nctiti e s o f

,

g e n e ra tion s a s s oci a t e d w ith the holi e s t hope s the be s t

, ,

e motion s th e pro found e s t a s pira tion s o f hum a n n a ture

, ,

ma y be a t l e ngth s o id e ntifi e d w ith th e s e s e ntim e nts tha t

th e y a ll s e e m a bs olut e ly d e pe nd e nt u pon the im a ge th e y
inve s t E ve ry criti c i s m o f s uch a pe rs onifica tion th e n
.

s e e ms lik e a blo w a im e d a t the mora l l a w s I f e duc a t e d .

me n a r e s till fou nd in Chri s te ndom di s cu s s ing w h e th e r

mo r a lity c a n s urvive the ove rthro w o f s uch p e r s o n i fic a
tion s a n d w h e th e r li fe w e re w orth living w ithout th e m
, ,

w e ma y re a dily u n d e rs t a nd ho w in tim e s w h e n th e s oci a l ,

e thi c a l a n d p s ychologic a l s ci e nc e s did not e xi s t a t a ll

, ,

a ll t h a t hum a n b e ing s v a lu e d s e e m e d d e s ti n e d to s t a nd or

fa ll w ith th e P e rs on s uppose d to be th e ir only k e y s ton e .

Bu t no P e rs on a g e ho w e ve r highly thron e d c a n a rre s t

, ,

th e s u n a n d moon or th e mind a n d li fe o f hum a nity

, .

W i t h e ve r y a dva nc e in phy s ic a l or s oci a l condition s mora l

e l e m e nt s mu s t be influ e nc e d ; e v e ry n e w combin a tion i n

vol v e s a re c a s t o f e xp e ri e nc e s a n d pre s e ntly o f convi e ,

tio n s H e nc e forth the d e ifie d im a ge c a n only re m a in a s

.

a tyr a nt o v e r the h e a r t a n d bra in w hich h a v e cre a t e d i t ,

Cr e a tu r a a u n te mpo
E tir a n n o de l u o m, d a ’
c u i so lta n to

E bbe no mi e d a s pe tti e r egn o e a lta ri .

’

Pra yer and Wo rk .

’
By Oc ta v ius B F r o thi n gha m
. . Ne w Yo r k , 1 877 .

‘
Luc ifer o , Poe m d i M a ri o Ra pisa rdi .
’
M ila n o , 1 877
.
r6 B I R TH OF N E W G OD S .

Thi s p e rs onifica tion thu s a t onc e m a n s cre a ture a n d

‘ ’
,

his tyra nt i s obj e ctive ly a n a m e Bu t a s it h a s b e e n

’
, .

inve s t e d w ith a ll th a t h a s b e e n mos t s a cre d it is in e vi ,

ta bl e th a t a n y n a m e ra i se d a ga in s t i t sha ll be e qu a lly
a s s oci a t e d w ith a ll th a t h a s b e e n con s id e re d ba s e s t Thi s .

a l s o mu s t be p e rs onifi e d fo r th e s a m e re a s on th a t the
,

good is p e rs onifi e d a n d a s n a m e s a r e chi e fly h e re dita ry it ,

pre tty ge n e ra lly h a pp e n s th a t the titl e o f s om e fa ll e n a n d

di s cre dite d d e ity i s a dva nce d to re ce ive the n e w a n a th e m a .

But w h a t e l s e do e s he re c e ive ? Th e n e w id e a s ; the grow ing

id e a l s a n d th e fre s h e nthu s i a s m s a r e a s s oci a t e d w ith s om e
fa nta s tic s h a p e w ith a n a th e m a ti s e d n a m e e vok e d from the
p a s t a n d thu s a port e ntou s s itu a tion i s re a ch e d Th e
, .

w ors hipp e r s o f the n e w im a g e w il l not a cc e pt th e b a d

n a m e a n d i ts b a s e a ss oci a tion s ; th e y e ve n gro w s tro n g

e nough to cl a im th e n a m e a n d a lt a rs o f th e e xi s ting ord e r ,

a n d giv e b a ttl e fo r th e s a m e Th e n occurs th e d e mo r a li s a

.

tion l i te ra lly s pe a king o f the old e r th e ology The p e r

, , .

s o n i fic a ti o n re duc e d to s truggl e fo r i ts e xi s t e n c e c a n n o

longe r la y e mph a s i s upon the mora l principl e s it ha d e m

bodi e d th e se b e ing e qu a lly pos s e s se d by the ir oppon e n ts ;
,

n ay ,
i ts p a rti s a n s m a n a ge to a s s oci a t e w it h th e ir holy
N a m e s o much bigotry a n d cru e lty tha t th e innova tors
a r e a t l e ngth w illing to r e s ign it The pe rs on a l loy a lty
.
,

w hich i s found to continu e a ft e r loy a lty to principl e s h a s

ce a s e d proce e d s to d e gra d e the virtu e s onc e re ve re nce d

,

w h e n th e y a r e found conn e ct e d w ith a riva l n a m e He .

c a s t e th out d e vil s through B e e lz e bub i s a ve ry a nci e n t’

cry It w a s h e a rd a ga in w h e n Te rtulli a n s a id Sa ta n
.
,
‘

i s God s a p e St A ugu s ti n e re cogni s e s the s i mil a rity

’ ’
. .

b e tw e e n the Obs e rva nce s o f chri stia ns a n d p a ga n s a s

proving the s u btl e imita tive n e s s o f the D e vil ; the p he n o
m e n a re fe rre d to a r e con s id e re d e l se w h e re but in the , ,

pre se nt conn e ction it ma y be re m a rk e d th a t thi s r e a d i

,
 NE W 6 00 3 D I AB OLI SE D . 1 7

n e ss to re g a rd the sa m e s a cra m e nt a s s upre m e ly holy or

s upre m e ly di a bolic a l a s it i s ce l e bra t e d in honour o f o n e

n a me or a nothe r a ccord s clos e ly w ith the re ve re nce or

,

d e te s ta tion o f things more importa nt tha n s a cra m e nts a s ,

the y a r e or a re not con s e cra te d by w h a t e a ch th e ology

, ,

d e e m s o ffici a l s a nction W he n se cts ta lk o f m e re mor

.

a lity w e ma y r e cogni s e in th e phra s e th e l a s t fa int w a r cry

’
-

o f a god fro m w hom th e s piritu a l id e a l ha s p a s s e d a w a y ,

a n d w ho s e n a m e e v e n c a n s urviv e only through a lli a nc e

w it h the n e w cl a im a nt o f h i s a lt a rs W hil e the n e w god s

.

w e re be ing c a ll e d d e vil s the old on e s w e re b e comi n g s uch .

Th e victory o f the n e w id e a l turn s the old o n e to a n

idol. But w e a r e con s id e ri n g a ph a s e o f the w orld
w h e n s up e rs tition mu s t inve s t the n e w a s w e ll a s th e old ,

though in a w e a k e r d e gre e A n e w re ligiou s s ys te m p r e

.

va il s chi e fly through i ts mora l s upe riority to th a t it s upe r

se d e s ; but w he n it h a s s ucc e e d e d to th e t e mpl e s a n d

a lt a rs con s e cra t e d to pre viou s diviniti e s w h e n th e a rdour

,

o f b a ttl e i s ove r a n d concili a tion b e com e s a policy a s w e ll

a s a virtu e the old idol i s lik e ly to b e tre a t e d w ith re s p e ct

, ,

a n d ma y not impo s s ibly be brough t into fri e ndly re l a tio n

w ith i ts victoriou s a dve rs a ry H e ma y t a k e h i s pl a c e

.

th e s e cond b e s t to borrow Goe th e s phra s e a n d be

’ ’
5 , ,

a ss ign e d s om e function in the n e w th e ologic r egi me Thu s

.
,

be hind the s implicity o f the H a mps hire l a dy in s tructing

h e r childre n to bo w a t m e ntion o f th e D e vil s n a m e s tre tch
’

th e c e nturi e s in w hich chri s ti a n divin e s h a v e a s w a rmly

d e fe nd e d the e xi s t e nce o f Sa t a n a s t ha t o f God him se l f .

W ith s u ffici e nt re a s on : th a t in fe rn a l be ing s om e tim e God s

,
’

a n d riva l w a s n e c e s sa rily d e v e lop e d into h is pre s e nt

’
a pe ,

po s ition a n d o fii c e o f a ge nt a n d e x e cution e r und e r the

divin e gove rnm e nt H e i s the gre a t Se cond B e s t a n d i t
.

i s a s tra nge h a llucin a t i on to fa n c y tha t, i n a n a ge o f p eace

i n l 1 n q u 1ry a n y d1v 1n e pe r s o n i fic a ti o n c a n be m a int a in e d
,
__
fl
18 COM PR OM I SE S .

w itho u t th is p a ti e nt Go a t w ho be a rs bl a m e fo r a ll the
,

fa ults o f n a ture a n d w ho re li e ve s divin e Love from the

,

od iu m o f s upplying th a t fe a r w hich i s th e moth e r o f d e vo

—
tion a t l e a s t in the m a ny millions o f i llogica l e y e s i nto
,

w hich pri e s t s c a n s till look w ithout l a ughing .

S uch in bri e f outlin e ha s be e n the inte ra ction o f mo r a l

, ,

a n d int e ll e ctu a l forc e s op e ra ting w ithin the limits o f e s t a b

li sh e d s y s t e m s a n d o f th e n a tion s gove rn e d by th e m But

, .

th e re a r e a dde d fa ctors inte n s i fying th e force s on e a ch

,

s id e w h e n a li e n a r e brought into riva lry a n d colli s ion w ith

,

n a tion a l d e iti e s In s uch a conte s t b e s id e s the mora l a n d

.
,

s piritu a l s e ntim e nt s a n d the hou s e hold s a nctiti e s w hich ,

h a ve b e com e inte rtw in e d w ith the int e rn a l d e iti e s n a tion a l ,

prid e i s a l s o e nlis te d a n d pa trioti s m But on the oth e r

,
.

s id e i s e nli s te d the ch a rm o f nov e lty a n d the con s ciou s ,

n e s s o f fa ult a n d fa ilur e in the hom e sys t e m E ve ry s y s t e m .

importe d to a fore ign l a nd l e a ve s be hind i ts pra ctica l

s hortcoming s ,
i —
puts ts b e s t foot fo r w a rd n a m e ly i ts ,

—
the ore tica l oot a n d h a s the a dva nta ge o f s ugge s tin g a
f
w a y o f e s c a p e from the e xi s ting routin e w hich h a s b e com e

oppre s s ive N a pol e on I s a id th a t n o pe opl e pro fo und ly

. .

a tt a ch e d to th e in s titution s o f th e ir count r y c a n be con

qu e re d ; bu t w h a t pe opl e a r e a tta che d to the p r i e s tly

s ys t e m ove r th e m ? Th a t int e rn a l di s s a ti s fa ction w hich ,

in s e cul a r gove rnm e nt give s w e lcom e to a d a s hing Co r

,

s ic a n or a Princ e o f Ora ng e h a s b e e n th e m e a n s o f i nt r o
,

d u c i n g m a ny a n a li e n re ligion a n d giving to m a ny a p r o
,

ph e t the hono u r d e nie d him in his o w n country Bud d h a .

w a s a H indu but th e triumph o f h i s re ligion is not i n

,

I ndi a ; Zoro a s te r w a s a Pe r s i a n but the re a r e no Pa rse e s

,

in Pe rs ia ; Chri sti a nity is h a rdly a coloni s t e ve n in th e

n a tive l a nd o f Chri s t .

Th e s e co mbin a tion s a n d ch a n ge s w e re not e ffe cte d w i th

o u t fi e rc e controve rs i e s fe rociou s w a rs
, o r p e rse cutio n s , ,
 F OR E I GN D E ] TI E S D E GR AD E D .

an d the form a tion m a ny d e vils N othing i s more

o f .

norm a l i n a nci e nt s yst e m s th a n the be li e f th a t the god s

o f oth e r n a tion s a r e d e vil s The s l a ught e r o f the pri e s t s
.

o f B a a l corre s pond s w ith th e d e v e lopm e nt o f th e ir god

i nto B e e lz e bub I n proportion to the s ucc e s s o f Ol a f i n

.

cru s hing th e w o rs hipp e rs o f Odin the ir d e ity i s s t e a dily ,

tra n s form e d to a di a bolica l W ild H unts m a n But h e re .

a l s o th e fo rc e s o f p a rti a l r e cov e ry w hich w e h a v e s e e n ,

O p e ra ting in the outcom e o f inte rn a l re form m a ni fe s t ,

th e ms e lve s ; the v a nqui s he d a n d fo r a tim e outl a w e d ,

d e ity i s in m a ny c a s e s s ubse qu e ntly concili a t e d a n d

, , ,

give n a n in fe rior a n d though h a t e ful a u s e ful o ffi c e in the

, , ,

n ew ord e r Som e tim e s ind e e d a s in the ca s e o f the

.
, ,

H ind u d e s troy e r Siva it i s found n e ce ss a ry to a ss ign a

,

god a n a th e m a ti s e d be yond a ll pow e r o f w hite w a sh to a n

, ,

e qu a l r a nk w ith th e mo s t virtuou s d e ity Politica l forc e s .

a n d th e e xig e n ci e s o f prop a g a ndi s m w ork m a ny m a rv e l s

o f th i s kind w hich w ill m e e t u s in the furth e r s t a ge s o f

,

ou r i nve s tiga tion .

E v e ry s up e rs e d e d god w ho s urvive s in s u bo r d i
to a noth e r is pre tty s ure to be d e v e lope d into a D e vil .

E uph e mi s m ma y t e ll pl e a s a nt fa bl e s a bout him pri e s t ,

cra ft ma y find it u s e ful to p e rp e tu a te b e li e f in h is e xi s t

e nc e but a ll th e e vil s o f th e univ e rs e w hich it i s i n c o n
, ,

v e n i e n t to e xpl a in a r e gra du a lly l a id upon him a n d s ink

, ,

hi m d ow n u ntil nothing i s l e ft o f h i s form e r glory but a

,

s hini n g n a m e .
 C H A PTE R I I I .

AH RI M A N : T H E D I V I N E D E VI L .

M r. I rv in g
’
s i mpe r s o n a ti o n of S i
u pe r s t ti o n —R e v o lu ti o n a ga i n st p i o u s

p r i v i le ge — D o c tr i n e o f ‘
me r i ts —Sa i n tly i mm o r a li ty i n I n d i a

A P a n th e o n tu r n e d I n fe r n o —Ze n d a v e s ta o n Go o d a n d E v i l
P a r si M ytho lo gy—T he Co mba t o f Ahr i ma n w ith O rmu zd — O p
ti mi s m P a r s i E s c h a to lo gy —F i n a l Re sto r a ti o n o f Ahr i ma n .

AN Y on e w itn e sse d M r H e nry I r ving s s chol a rly

ho h a s w .
’

a n d m a s t e rly imp e rs on a tion o f the ch a ra ct e r o f L ou is X I .

ha s ha d a n opportunity o f re cogni s i n g a ph a s e o f s u pe r s ti
tion w hich h a ppily it w e re n o w d i fli c u lt to find o ff the
s t a ge . N othing could e xc e e d th e fi n e re a li s m w ith w hic h
tha t a rti s t brought be fore the s pe cta tor the pe rfe cte d type
o f a pre te n d e d re ligion from w hich a ll mor a l fe a ture s h a ve

be e n e limin a te d by s uch s lo w proce s se s th a t the fi n a l

s ucc e s s i s uncon s ciou s ly r e a ch e d a n d th e horribl e re s u lt
,

a pp e a r s unche ck e d by e ve n a n y a ffe cta tion o f a ctu a l

virtu e W e s e e the king a t s ound o f a be ll pa u s ing i n h is
.

in s truction s fo r a tre a ch e rou s a s s a s s in a tion to mumble h is

pra ye rs a n d th e n in sta ntly re ve rti n g to the vill a ny o v e r
,

w ho s e pro s pe ctive s ucc e ss h e glo a t s I n the se cre cy o f .

h is cha mbe r no m a s k fa ll s fo r th e re i s no m a s k ; the

,

fa c e o f s up e rs tition a n d vic e o n w hich w e look i s th e

re a l fa ce w hich the a ge s o f fa n a tici s m h a ve tra ns mi tt e d
to him .

Such a fa ce h a s o ft e n e r b e e n th a t o f a n a tion th a n tha t

 i HE’
F A CE OF SUPE R STJ TJ ON .

o f an individu a l fo r the he a lthy force s o f li fe w ork a mid

,

th e hom e s a n d h e a rt s o f m a nkind lo n g b e fore th e ir

th e ori e s a r e r e a ch e d a n d influ e nc e d S uch a fa c e it w a s
.

a g a in s t w hich th e mora l in s urre ction w hich be a rs the

n a m e o f Zoroa s t e r a ro s e s e e ing it a s phy s iognomy o f the
,

E vil M ind n a ming it A hrim a n a n d in the n a m e o f the

, , ,

con s ci e nce a iming a t it the blow w hich is s till fe lt a cros s

,

the c e nturi e s .

Inge niou s th e ori s ts h a ve a ccounte d fo r the Ira ni a n

philo s ophy o f a unive rs a l w a r be tw e e n Ormu zd (A hura
m a zd a ) the Good a n d A hrim a n (An gr o ma i n y u s) th e E vil
, ,

by va s t a n d t e rribl e clim a tic cha nge s involving e xtre m e s ,

o f h e a t a n d cold o f w hich ge ologi s ts find tra c e s a bout Old

,

I ra n fro m w hich a colony o f A ry a n s migra te d to N e w

,

I ra n or P e rs i a But a lthough phys ica l condition s o f this

,
.

ch a ra cte r ma y h a ve s upplie d m a ny o f the m e ta phors in

w hich the co n flict be t w e e n Good a n d E vil i s d e s crib e d i n

th e A ve s t a th e re a r e oth e r ch a ra cte ri s tics o f th a t a nci e nt

,

s cripture w hich r e nd e r it mor e prob a bl e th a t the e a rly

c oloni sa tion o f P e rs i a w a s lik e th a t o f N e w E ngl a nd the

, ,

re s ult o f a re ligiou s s truggl e Som e o f the god s mos t .

a dore d in Indi a r e a pp e a r a s e x e cra t e d d e mon s in the

r e ligion o f Zoro a s te r ; th e H indu w ord fo r god i s th e

P a rsi w ord fo r d e vil Th e s e a nt a goni s m s a r e not m e re l y
.

v e rba l ; th e y a re a ccomp a ni e d in the Ave s t a w ith the mo s t

furiou s d e nunci a tion s o f th e ologica l oppon e nts w hom it i s ,

n o t di ffi cult to id e nti fy w ith the pri e sts a n d a dh e re nts o f

th e Bra hm a n re ligion .

Th e s pirit o f the e a rly s cripture s o f Indi a l e a ve s no

r oom fo r doubt a s to the point a t w hich thi s re volution

b e ga n . I t w a s a g a in s t piou s Privil e ge The s a intly .

h i e ra rchy o f Indi a w e re a ca s te quit e irre s pon s ibl e to mora l

la w s . The a nci e nt god s v a g u e n a m e s fo r the po w e r s o f
,

n a ture w e re s trictly limit e d in th e ir di s p e n s a tion s to tho se

,
as P1 0 US PR ] VI LE GE .

o f th e ir pr i e sts ; a n d a s to th e s e pri e sts the chi e f n e c e s

1

s iti e s w e re a mpl e o ffe rings s a crific e s a n d fulfilm e nt o f the

, ,

ce re moni a l ordin a nces in w hich th e ir a uthority w a s orga n

i se d the s e w e re the pe rform a nce s re w a rd e d by a re ci p
,

r o c a l r e cognition o f a uthority To the im a ge o f thi s .

politica l r egi me th e ology a l w a ys fa cil e a ccomm o d a t e d

, , ,

the re gul a tion s o f the god s Th e mora l la w c a n only l i ve .

by b e ing s upre m e ; a n d a s it w a s not s upre m e in the

H ind u p a nth e on it di e d out o f it Th e d o c tr i n e o f m e ri ts
’
s
.
, ,

inve nte d by pri e s ts pure ly fo r th e ir o w n po w e r includ e d ,

n othing m e ritoriou s hum a nly con s id e re d , the m e rits con

s i s t e d o f co s tly s a crific e s rich o fl e r i n gs to t e mpl e s tr e

'

, ,

m e ndo n s pe na nce s fo r fictitiou s s ins inge niou s ly d e v i s e d ,

to a ggra ndi se the p e n a n ce s w hich di sgui se d po w e r a n d ,

prolonge d a u s te riti e s tha t might be com forta bly commute d

by th e w e a lthy W h e n this doctrin e ha d obt a in e d ge n e ra l
.

a dh e re nc e a n d w a s r e pre s e nt e d by a t e rr e s tri a l gove r n m e n t

,

corre s ponding to it the god s w e re n e c e s s a rily s ubj e ct to

,

it Tha t w e re only to s a y tha t the pow e rs o f na ture w e re

.

obe di e nt to the m e rits o f privile ge d sa ints ; a n d from ’

thi s it i s a n obviou s in fe re nc e th a t th e y a r e re li e ve d from

mora l l a w s binding on the vulga r .

The l e g e nd s w hich re pre s e nt thi s ph a se o f pri e s tly

\

dominion a r e curiou sly mixe d It would a pp e a r tha t .

u nd e r the doctrin e o f m e rits the old god s d e clin e d ‘ ’

.

S uc h a pp e a rs to be the intim a tio n o f the s tori e s w hi c h

re port the di s tre ss o f the gods through the pow e r o f
hum a n sa ints The R a j a h R a va n a a cquire d s u ch po w e r
.

tha t he w a s sa id to h a ve a rre ste d the s u n a n d moon a n d so ,

E qu a n to e bbe e ma n tie n e a l u o m so lta n to ’

I l de v e , a l u o m che d o qu i sue d es tin o

’ ’

O pr o s pe ro , o ma lign o , ar bi tr o e so lo .

Wh a te v e r he (Go d ) ha d, he o wed to ma n a lo n e , to ma n w ho , fo r go o d at
i ll, is so le a r bi ter of hi s own fa te Li a 7m
-
. 1 .
 D OCTR I N E OF M E R I TS . 93

o pp re sse d the god s tha t th e y t e mpora rily tra n sform e d

t he m s e lve s to monk e ys in ord e r to d e s troy him Though .

V i s w ami tr a murd e rs a s a int h i s m e rits a r e s uch th a t th e

,

gods a r e in gre a t a l a rm l e s t th e y be com e h is m e ni a l s ; a n d

th e co mpl e t e n e s s w ith w hich mora l con s id e ra ti on s a r e
,

l e ft o u t o f the s tru ggl e on both s id e s i s di s clos e d in the

it e m th a t the god s commi s s ione d a nymph to s e duce the
s a intly murd e r e r a n d s o re duc e a littl e th e force o f h i s
,

a u s t e riti e s It w ill be re m e mbe re d th a t the a nci e nt

.

s truggl e o f the D e va s a n d A s ura s w a s not o w ing to a n y

mora l di ffe re nce s but to a n a ll e g e d un fa ir di s tribution o f

,

th e a mbros i a produc e d by th e irjoint l a bours in churning th e

oc e a n Th e fa ct th a t th e god s ch e a t e d th e d e mon s on tha t

.

occ a s ion w a s n e ve r s uppos e d to a ffe ct the s upre m a cy th e y

a cquire d by th e tre a ch e ry ; a n d it could th e re for e c a u s e , ,

n o s ca nd a l w h e n l a t e r l e ge nd s re port e d th a t th e d e mon s

w e r e occa s io n a lly a bl e to t a k e god s c a ptive by th e pra ctice

o f th e s e w ond e r ful m e ri ts w hich w e re s o ind e pe nd e nt o f

’

mora l s On e A s u ra i s s a id to h a v e ga in e d s uch po w e r in this

.

w a y th a t h e s ubjug a t e d th e god s a n d s o puni s h e d th e m ,

th a t Siva w ho h a d origin a lly e ndow e d th a t d e mon ca ll e d

, ,

i nto b e ing Sca nd a a w a r god to d e fe nd th e torture d

,
-

d e iti e s . Th e mo s t l u dicro u s p a rt o f a ll i s tha t th e god s

th e m s e lve s w e re gra du a lly re duce d to the n e c e s s ity o f
compe ting like oth e rs fo r th e se tre m e ndou s pow e rs ; thu s
th e Bh a ga va t Pura n a s t a t e s th a t Bra hm a w a s e n a bl e d to

cre a te the unive rse by pre viou s ly u nd e rgoing pe n a nce fo r

s ixt e e n thou s a nd y e a rs .

Th e l e ge nd s ju s t re fe rr e d to a re pura nic a n d c o n se
‘

q u e ntly o f much l a t e r d a t e th a n th e r e volution tra ce a bl e

i n th e Ira ni a n re ligion but th e s e l a t e r l e g e nd s a r e norma l

ro w th s fro m v e dic roots T h e s e w e re th e principl e s o f
g .

a nci e nt th e ology a n d th e found a tion o f pri e s tly gove rn

,

me nt I n vi e w o f th e m w e n e e d n o t w on d e r tha t Hi nd u
.
2 4 A PAN TH E ON TURN E D I N F E RN O .

th e ology d e vi s e d no s pe ci a l d e vil a lmos t a n y o f i ts god s

might a n s w e r the purpos e s o f o n e N o r n e e d w e be s u r
.

pri se d th a t i t ha d no pa rticul a r h e ll ; a n y s oci e ty o r ga ni s e d

by the s a nction s o f re ligion but irre s pon s ibl e to its mora l
,

l a w s w ould re nd e r it unn e c e s sa ry to look fa r fo r a he ll

,
.

From thi s cos mologica l ch a os the more inte llige nt

H indu s w e re o f cours e libe ra t e d but the d e gre e to w hich
the fe a rful tra ining ha d corrupt e d the mor a l ti ss u e s o f
thos e w ho ha d b e e n s ubj e cte d to it w a s re ve a l e d in the
b a ld principl e o f the ir philosoph e rs th a t the s u p e r s ti
,

tion mu s t contin u e to be impo s e d o n the vulga r w hils t ,

th e l e a rn e d migh t turn a ll the god s into a s ci e ntific

t e rminology .

The firs t cl e a r a n d truth ful e y e th a t touch e d th a t s y s

te m w ould tra n s form it fro m a H e a ve n to a n In fe rn o So .

w a s it ch a nge d und e r th e e y e o f Zoroa s t e r Th a t a nci e n t

.

pa nthe o n w hich ha d b e com e a re fu g e fo r a ll the li e s o f

th e know n w orld ; w ho s e god s w e re li a rs a n d th e ir s u p
porte rs li a rs ; w a s n o w turn e d into a re a l m o f o r ga n is e d
dis orde r o f syste m a tis e d w rong ; a va st cre a tion o f w ick e d
,

n e s s a t w ho se c e ntre s a t i ts cre a tor a n d i n s pire r th e i m

, ,

,
—
mora l go d th e divin e d e vil A hrim a n .

It is ind e e d impos s ibl e to a s c e rta in ho w fa r the re vo lt

a g a in s t the old Bra hm a nic s y s t e m w a s politica l It i s
.
,

o f cours e highly improb a bl e th a t a n y m e re ly s p e cul a ti ve

,

s ys t e m w ould e xcit e a re volution but a t the s a m e tim e i t

mu s t be re m e mbe re d tha t in e a rly d a ys a n import a n c e
, ,

w a s g e n e ra lly a tt a ch e d to e v e n a b s tra ct opinion s s u c h

a s w e s till find a mong the s up e rs titiou s w ho re a rd a n

g
a th e i s tic s e ntim e nt a s w ors e th a n a th e ft . H ow e ve r th i s
ma y ha ve be e n the A ve s ta doe s not l e a ve u s in a n y dou b t
,

a s to t e m a i n
h fa ct,
— n a m e ly th a t a t a c e rta in tim e a n d
,

p l a c e m a n c a m e t o a point w h e re h e h a d to con fro n t

a n ta go n i s m to fu n d a me n t a l mora l pri n cipl e s a n d th a t h e

,
 A VE S TA ON 0 001) A N D E VI L . 2 5

found the ca ll e d god s a ga in s t him In the e sta bli sh

so -
.

m e nt o f thos e principl e s pri e sts re cogni se d the ir o w n d i s

e s ta bli s hm e nt W ha t thos e mora l l a w s th a t ha d b e com e
.

n e ce s s a ry to s oci e ty w e re i s a l s o m a d e cl e a r W e w o r .
‘

s hip the Pure th e L ord o f Pu r i ty l

, W e honour the ’ ‘

good s pirit the good kingdom t e good la w a ll tha t

,
h — , ,

i s good E vil doctrin e s ha ll not a ga in d e s troy the

’
.

w orld Good i s the thought good the w ord good the

’
. , ,

d e e d o f the pure Z a ra thu s tra

, In the be ginning the .
’ ‘

tw o h e a v e nly On e s s pok e — th e Good to th e E vil — thu s :

Our s oul s doctrin e s w ords w orks do not unit e toge the r
, , , , .
’

Th e s e s e nt e nce s a r e from th e old e s t Gathfis o f the A ve st a .

T he follow ing i s a ve ry a nci e nt Ga th a A ll your

D e va s ( H ind u god s ) a r e only m a ni fold childre n o f the
‘ ’

E vi l M ind a n d the gre a t On e w ho w o r s hip s the Sa om a o f

,

li e s a n d d e ce it s be s id e s th e tre a ch e rou s a cts fo r w hich

y o u a r e notoriou s in th e Se ve n R e gion s o f the e a rth .

You h a ve inve nte d a ll the e vil tha t me n s p e a k a n d do ,

w hich i s ind e e d pl e a s a nt to the D e va s a n d i s d e void o f a ll ,

goodn e ss a n d th e re fore pe ri sh e s b e fore the i n s ight o f the

,

truth o f the w i se Thu s you d e fra ud me n o f th e ir good

.

mind s a d o f th ir immorta ity by your e vil mind s a s

n e l —
w e ll by tho s e o f the D e v a s a s through th a t o f the E vil

S pirit — through e vil d e e d s a n d e vil w ord s w h e re by the ,

po w e r o f li a rs grow s ,

.I Com e n e a r a n d li s t e n to the w i s e s a yings o f the

,

omni s ci e nt the s ongs in pra i s e o f the L ivi ng On e a n d the

, ,

pra y e rs o f the Good Spirit the gloriou s truth s w hos e ,

origin i s s e e n in the fl a m e s .

2
.
,
—
L i s t e n th e re ore to th e E a rth s pirit Look a t the
f ,

fl a m e s w ith re ve re nt mind E ve ry o n e ma n a n d w om a n .
, ,

i s to be di s tingui s h e d a ccording to h i s b e li e f Y e a nci e nt .

Po w e rs w a tch a n d be w ith u s l
,

3
. From th e b e ginning th e re w e re tw o Spirit s e a c h ,
26 PAR Sf M YTH OL O G Y .

a ctive i n i ts e lf Th e y a r e the good a n d the ba d in

.

thought w ord a n d d e e d Choose y e b e tw e e n the m : d o

, , .

go od not e vil ! ,

4
‘
A n d. th e s e tw o Spirit s m e e t a n d cr e a t e th e fi rs t
e xi s t e nc e the e a rthy th a t w hich i s a n d th a t w hich i s n o t
, , ,

a n d th e l a s t t h e s piritu a l The w ors t e xi s te nc e is fo r the

, .

li a rs the be s t fo r the truth ful

, .

5 O f th e s
. e tw o S pirit s choo s e y e o n e e ith e r th e lyin g , ,

the w ork e r o f E vil or th e tr u e holi e s t s pirit , W h os o .

choose s the firs t choos e s the h a rd e s t fa te w hos o the l a s t ,

honours A hura m a zd a i n fa ith a n d in trut h by his d e e d s .

6 Y e c a nnot s e rve both o f th e s e tw o

‘
. A n e vi l s piri t .

w ho m w e w ill d e s troy s urpri s e s tho s e w ho d e lib e r a t e s a

y ,

ing Choos e th e E vil M ind l Th e n do those Spirits ga th e r

,

in troops to a tta ck the tw o live s o f w hich the proph e ts

proph e s y .

7 A n d. to thi s e a rthly li fe c a m e A r ma i ti w ith e a rthly

po w e r to h e lp th e truth a n d the good di s pos ition : sh e , ,

th e E t e rn a l cre a t e d the m a te ri a l w orld but the S p iri t i s

, ,

w ith th e e 0 W i s e On e ! the firs t o f cre a tio n s in tim e

, .

8 W h e n a n y e vil fa ll s upo n the s pirit thou 0 W i s e

. , ,

On e give s t t e m pora l pos s e s s ion s a n d a good di s po s itio n

,

but him w hose promi se s a r e li e s a n d not truth th o u , ,

’
u n i she s t
p .

A round the hymn s o f the A ve sta gra du a lly gre w a

th e ology a n d a mythology w hich w e re d e s tin e d to e x e rt a
pow e rful influ e nce on the w orld The se a r e conta in e d in th e .

Bu n d e h e sc h 1 A n t e rior to a ll things a n d a ll be ings w a s

.

Z e r u a n e Akr e n e ( Boundl e s s e x a lt e d tha t

‘
-
so

h e c a n only be w ors hipp e d in s il en c e Fro m him e ma n .

a t e d tw o F e ro u e r s s piritu a l typ e s w hich took form i n

, ,

tw o b e ings Ormuzd a n d Ahrim a n ,

Th e s e w e re e qu a lly .

1
The fo llo w in g a br idgme n t ma in ly fo llo w s tha t o f Ja mes Free ma n Cla rke
’
i n his Te n Grea t Re ligi o n s .
 OR M UZD AN D A HRI M AN .

p u r ; bu t A hrim a n be ca m e j e a lou s o f hi s firs t born

e

broth e r Ormuzd To puni s h Ah rim a n fo r hi s e vil fe e ling

, .
,

the S upre m e Be in g cond e mn e d h i m to ye a rs i m ’

pris onm e nt in a n e mpire o f ra yl e ss D a rkn e s s D uri ng tha t .

pe riod mu s t ra ge th e conflict be tw e e n L ight a n d D a rkn e ss ,

G oo d a n d E vil A s Ormuzd ha d hi s p r e e xi sting typ e or

.
-

—
Fe r o u e r s o by a s imil a r po w e r much the s a m e a s th e
,

—
Pl a tonic L ogos or W ord he cre a te d the pure or Spiritu a l
w orld by m e a n s o f w hich th e e mpir e o f A hrim a n s hould
,

b e o ve r thro w n On the e a rth (s till s piritu a l) he ra i s e d the

.

e xc e e ding h gh mount a in A lbo r dj E lburz (s no w mount a in

)
1
i ,

o n w ho se s u mmit h e fix e d h i s thron e ; w h e nc e h e s tre tch e d

th e bridg e Chi n e v a t w hich p a ss ing dire ctly ov e r D u z ha k

, , ,

th e a bys s o f Ah rim a n ( or h e ll ) re a ch e s to the porta l o f ,

G o r o d ma n or h e a v e n
,
A ll thi s w a s bu t a F e r o u e r w orld
.

— a prototype o f th e m a t e ri a l w orld In a nticipa tion o f .

i ts i n corpora tion in a m a t e ri a l cre a tion Ormuzd (by e m a n a ,

tion s ) cre a t e d in his o w n im a ge s i x A msha s pa n d s or a g e nts , ,

o f bot h s e x e s to b e m o d e l s o f p e rfe ction to lo w e r s pirits

,

a n d to m a nkind w h e n th e y s hould be cre a t e d

,
— a n d o ffe r
u p th e ir pra y e rs to him s e l f The s e cond s e ri e s o f e m a n a .

tion s w e re th e I ze d s b e n e vol e nt ge nii a n d gu a rdi a n s o f

,

th e w orld t w e nty e ight in n umb e r o f w hom the chi e f i s

,
-

M ithr a s the M e di a tor The third s e ri e s o f e m a n a tion s

, .

w e re the innum e ra bl e F e r o u e r s o f thing s a n d me n —fo r

e a ch mu s t h a v e i ts s o u l w hich s h a ll puri fy th e m in the ,

'
d a y o f re s urre ction In a nta goni s m to a ll th e s e A hrim a n
.
,

produce d a n e xa ctly s imil a r hos t o f d a rk a n d e vil pow e rs .

Th e se D e va s ri s e r a nk on ra nk to th e ir A rch D e vs—e a ch
, ,
-

o f w hom i s ch a i n e d to hi s pl a n e t — a n d th e ir h e a d i s A s h

M ogh th e tw o foote d s e rpe nt o f li e s w ho s e e ms to

,
‘ -

,
’

corr e s po nd to M ithra s the divin e M e di a tor , .

Whi te or Sn o w y Mo un ta i n . Cf Alp, Elf, Ste

. .
28 Z OR OAS TR I AN OPTI M I SM

A fte r a re ign o f 3000 y e a rs Ormuzd e nte re d on th e w ork

o f r e a li s ing h is s piritu a l e m a n a tion s in a m a te ri a l u ni ve rs e .

H e form e d the s u n a s comm a nd e r i n chi e f the m o on a s - -

h is li e ute n a nt the pl a n e ts a s c a pta in s o f a gre a t hos t

,

th e s ta rs — w ho w e re s oldi e rs in hi s w a r a ga in s t A h rim a n .

Th e dog Siriu s he s e t to w a tch a t the bridge Ch i n e v a t

( th e M ilky W a y) l e s,
t th e re by A hrim a n s hould s ca l e th e

h e a ve n s Ormuzd th e n cre a te d e a rth a n d w a te r w hich

. ,

A hrim a n did not try to pre ve n t k n o w ing th a t d a rkn e ss ,

w a s inh e re nt in th e s e But he s truck a blo w w h e n li fe

.

w a s produc e d . Thi s w a s in for m o f a B u ll a n d A hrim a n ,

e nt e re d it a n d it p e ri s h e d ; but on i t s d e s truction th e re

c a m e out o f i t s l e ft s hould e r the s e e d o f a ll cl e a n a n d

ge ntle a nima l s a d out o f i ts right s hould e r M a n

,
n ,
— .

A h r im a n h a d m a tch e d e ve ry cre a tion thu s fa r ; b u t to

ma k e ma n w a s b e yo n d h is pow e r a n d he ha d n o re cou rs e,

but to d e s troy him H o w e ve r w h e n th e origin a l ma n w a s

.
,

d e s troy e d th e re s pra n g fro m h is body a tre e w hich bore

,

the firs t hum a n p a ir w ho m Ah r im a n how e ve r co rr upt e d

, , ,

i n the m a nn e r e ls e w h e re d e s cribe d .

It is a ve ry nota bl e ch a ra cte r i s tic o f thi s I ra ni a n th e ology ,

th a t a lthough the force s o f good a n d e vil a r e c o e xt e n si ve -

a n d form a lly b a l a nc e d i n pote ncy th e y a r e not qu i t e

,

e qu a l
. The ba l a n ce o f force i s ju s t a littl e on the s id e o f
the Good Spirit A n d thi s a dva nt a ge a pp e a rs i n ma n
. .

Zoroa s te r s a id N o e a rthly ma n w ith a hu ndre d fol d

,

s tre ngth doe s so much e vil a s M ithra w ith h e a ve nly

s tre ngth do e s good ; a n d t hi s thought r e a pp e a rs i n th e
’

Pa rsi b e li e f th a t the o n e p a rt o f pa ra di s i a c puri ty w hic h ,

ma n re ta in e d a fte r h is fa ll ba la nc e s the nin e ty nin e p a rts

,
-

w o n by A hrim a n a n d in th e e n d w ill re d e e m h i m
, Fo r .

thi s o n e divin e ra y pre se rve d e n a bl e s him to re c e ive a n d

ob e y the A ve sta a n d to climb to h e a ve n bv the s ta irw a y
,

o f thre e va s t st e p s — pure thought pure w ord p u re d e e d , , .

 PAR Si E S CHA TOL OG Y . 29

The opti mis tic e s s e nc e o f the mythology is furth e r s how n

in th e be li e f tha t e ve ry d e s tructive e ffort o f A hrim a n
re s ult e d in a l a rge r be n e fit tha n Ormuzd ha d cre a ted .

T he Bull ( L i fe ) d e s troy e d ma n a n d a n im a l s pra ng into

,

b e ing ; the ma n d e s troye d ma n a n d w om a n a ppe a re d

, .

A n d s o on to the e n d In th e l a s t qu a rte r o f the

.

y e a rs fo r w hich A hrim a n w a s cond e mn e d he r i s e s to ,

gre a te r pow e r e ve n tha n Ormuzd a n d fin a lly h e w ill by , ,

a fi e ry com e t s e t the vi s ibl e u nive rs e in c o n fla gr a ti o n ;

,

but w hil e thi s s ch e m e i s w a xing to con s umm a tion Ormuzd

w ill s e nd h i s holy Proph e t So s i o c h w ho w ill conv e rt ma n ,

kind to the tru e la w s o tha t w h e n Ahrim a n s com e t c o n

1
,
’

s um e s the e a rth h e w ill re a lly be puri fying it Through .

th e va s t s tre a m o f m e lt e d m e t a l s a n d min e ra l s the right

e o u s s h a ll p a s s a n d to th e m it w ill be a s a b a th o f w a rm
,

milk : the w ick e d in a tte mpti n g to pa s s s h a ll be s w e pt

into the a bys s o f D u zha k ; h a ving th e n s u ffe re d thre e
d a ys a n d nights the y s h a ll be ra i se d by Ormuzd re fin e d
,

a n d purifi e d . D u z ha k its e l f s h a ll be purifi e d by th i s fir e ,

a n d l a s t o f a ll A hrim a n him s e l f s h a ll a s c e nd to h i s origin a l

purity a n d h a ppin e s s The n from the a s h e s o f the form e r

.

w orld s h a ll bloom a p a ra di s e th a t s h a ll re m a in fo r e v e r .

In thi s s y s t e m it i s nota bl e tha t w e fin d the mons te r

s e rpe nt o f ve dic mythology A h i tra n s form e d into a n i n
, ,

fe r n a l r e gion D u z ha k
,
Th e dra gon be ing a type o f
.
,

phys ica l s u ffe ring pa s s e s a w a y in Ira ni a n a s in the l a t e r

,

Se mitic mythology be fore the n e w form w hich re pre s e nts ,

th e s tings o f con s ci e nc e though it ma y be b e n e a th e x

t e rn a l pl e a s ure I n thi s re s pe ct th e re fore Ahrim a n fulfil s
.
, ,

th e d e finition o f a d e vil a lre a dy giv e n In th e A ve s ta he .

fu lfil s a l s o a noth e r condition e s s e nti a l to a d e vil the love ,

. o f e vil in a n d fo r it s e l f Bu t in the l a t e r th e ology it w ill

.

1 Eli a s sha ll first c o me d o r e a ll thin gs.

’
an r e st
 AH RI M AN S R E S TOR A TI 01V
’
3o .

be obs e rve d th a t e vil in A h r im a n i s not or ga nic The .

w a r b e ing ove r a n d i ts fu ry p a s t the h os til e chi e f i s s e e n

,

n o ts o bl a ck a s he h a d b e e n p a int e d ; the be li e f ob ta i n s

tha t he doe s not a ctu a lly love d a rkn e ss a n d e vil H e w a s

.

thru s t i nto the m a s a puni s hm e nt fo r h i s j e a lous y pr id e, ,

a n d d e s tructiv e a mbition . A n d be ca u s e th a t da rk king

—
dom w a s a puni s hm e nt th e re fore not conge ni a l i t w a s —
a t l e ngth ( the d a nge r p a s t) h e ld to be di s ciplin a ry .G ro w
ing fa ith in the re a l s upre m a cy o f Good di s cove rs the i m
mora l god to be a n e x a gge ra te d a nthropomorphic e goi s t
thi s divin e d e vil i s a s e l f ce ntre d pote nta te w ho ha d
-

a tt e mpt e d to s ubordin a t e mora l la w a n d hum a n w e l fa r e

to h is p e rson a l a s c e nd a ncy H i s fa te h a ving s e a l e d th e

.

s e nt e nc e on a ll a mbition s o f th a t ch a ra ct e r hum a n i ty 1s
,

a bl e to p a rdon th e individu a l o fl e n d e r a n d find a h 0 e

'

, p
th a t A hrim a n h a ving l e a rn e d th a t no re a l s a ti sfa ction
,

fo r a divin e n a ture c a n be found in m e re po w e r d e ta c h e d

from re ctitud e w ill join i n the h a rmony o f love a n d
,

lo y a lty a t l a s t
.
 C H A PTE R I V .

V I SW AM I TRA : TH E TH E OCRATI C D E VI L .

P r i e s tc r a ft a n d —
P e s s imi s m An Ar ya n Te tze l h is Lu the r — Bra h
and

ma n F r o gs — E v o lu ti o n o f th e s a c e r d o t l Sa in
a t— Vi s w ami tr a the
A c c u se r of V i r tu e —Th e Ta mil P a s si o n -
l
p y
a H a r i sc ha n d r a ’

Ord e a l of Go b li n s —The M a r tyr o f Tr u th— V ir tu e tr i u mpha n t

o v er cere mo n i a l me r i ts — Ha r i sc ha n dr a an d Jo b .

P RI E STCRAFT in gove rnm e nt m e a n s p e ss imis m in the

°

cre e d a n d d e s pa ir in the h e a r t Und e r s a ce rdot a l rul e in

.

I nd i a i t s e e m e d p a r a di s e e nough to l e a ve the w orld a n d ,

the o nly h e ll dre a d e d w a s a re turn to it The t w ice born .

-

ma n s a ys M a nu w ho s h a ll w ithout int e rmi ss ion h a ve

,
’
,
‘

p a s s e d the tim e o f h i s s tud e nts hip s h a ll a s c e n d a fte r ,

d e a th to the mos t e x a lt e d o f re gion s a n d no more s prin g ,

to birth a ga in in thi s low e r w orld Som e cl a u se w a s .

’

n e c e s s a ry to k e e p th e t w ice born ma n from s uicid e

-
Bud .

d h a i nve nt e d a pl a n o f s uicid e i n li fe combin e d w ith a nni

- -

h i la ti o n o f th e god s w hich w a s drive n out o f I ndi a b e ca u s e

,

i t put into the mind s o f th e pe opl e the philos ophy o f th e

s chool s Thought could only be tru s t e d a mong cl a ss e s
.

inte re s te d to conce a l it .

Th e po w e r a n d a uthority o f a pri e s thood c a n only be

m a inta i n e d o n the doctrin e th a t ma n i s s a ve d by the ‘ ’

d e e d s o f a c e re moni a l la w ; a n y ge n e r a l be li e f th a t
moral i ty i s more a cce pt a bl e to god s th a n c e re moni e s
m u s t be fa ta l to tho se occult a n d fictitiou s virtu e s w hich
h e dge a bou t e ve r y piou s impos tor Sa ce rdota l po w e r .

i n I ndi a d e pe nd e d on s u p e rs titions ca re fully fos t e re d

32 AR YAN TE I Z E L AN D L UTH E R .

conc e rning the my s tic a l prop e rti e s o f a s timul a ting ju ice

s om a ) lit ni invoc tion b n diction by p i t
( ,
a e s a , s a n d e e , s r e s s;

upon s a crifice s to the god s includi n g the ir pri e s ts a u s, ,

te r i ti e s p e n a nc e s pilgrim a ge s a n d th e like ; o n e ch a r
, , ,

a c te r is ti c running through a ll th e p e rform a nce s — th e ir

utte r w orthl e s s n e s s to a n y b e i n g in the unive rs e e xc e pt
th e pri e s t A n a rtifici a l s ys te m o f thi s kind ha s to cre a te
.

i ts o w n m a t e ri a l s a n d e vok e force s o f e volution from m a ny

,

re gion s o f n a ture It i s a proc e s s re quiring much more

.

th a n th e w i s dom o f th e s e rpe nt a n d more th a n i ts h a rm

fuln e s s ; a n d th e re is a bit o f n a ture s irony in the fa ct th a t
’

w h e n th e Bra hm a n R i s hi ga in e d s upre m a cy the Cobra w a s ,

a ls o w ors hipp e d a s b e longing to pre ci s e ly th e s a m e ca s t e

a n d s a nctity .

Th e re a r e tra ce s o f lo n g a n d fie r c e s tru ggl e s pre ce di n g

'

thi s cons umm a tion E ve n in the V e dic a ge —i n the ve ry

.

—
d a w n o f re ligiou s hi story Te tze l a ppe a rs w ith h i s i n d u l
g e n c e s a n d L uth e r con front s him T h e n a m e s.th e y b o re

in a nci e nt I ndi a w e re Vi s w é mitr a a n d Va s is htha Bot h .

o f th e s e w e re a mong the s e ve n po w e r ful R i s hi s w ho

m a d e th e hi e ra rchy o f Indi a in the e a rli e s t a ge know n

to u s Both w e re compos e rs o f s om e o f the chi e f hy mn s
.

o f the V e d a s and , th e ir re s pe cti v e hymn s be a r th e

s t a mp o f th e s a c e rdot a l a n d the a n ti s a c e rdot a l p a rti e s -

w hich cont e nd e d be fore the pri e s tly s w a y h a d re a c h e d

i ts compl e te triumph Vi s w ami tr a w a s ch a mpion o f th e

.

high pri e stly pa rty a n d i ts politica l pre te n s ions I n th e .

R ig V e d a th e re a r e forty hymn s a s cribe d to him a n d h i s

-

fa mily n e a rly a ll o f w hich ce l e bra te th e divi n e virtu e s o f

,

Som a juice a n d the Som a s a c r i fic e

-
As th e e x a lt a tio n
-
.

o f the pri e s tly c a s t e in I s ra e l w a s conn e cte d w ith a

mira cl e in w hich the Jord a n s topp e d flo w ing till the a r k
,

ha d be e n ca rri e d ove r s o the rive rs Su tle d ge a n d Ke y a h

,

w e re s a id to h a ve re s t e d from th e ir cours e wh e n Vis w a

 BR AE M AN F R 008 .
33

mitra i he d to cros s th e m in s e e king the Som a Thi s

w s .

R i s h i b e c a m e id e ntifi e d in the H indu mind fo r a ll tim e

w i th politica l pri e s tcra ft On the othe r h a nd Va s i s htha
.
,

b e ca m e e qu a lly fa mou s fo r h is hos tili ty to th a t pow e r ,

a s w e ll a s fo r h s pro foundly r e ligiou s ch a ra ct e r

i — th e ,

fin e s t hymn s o f the V e d a s a s to mo r a l fe e ling b e ing , ,

those th a t be a r h is n a m e The a nti sa c e rdota l s pirit o f .

-

V a s is hth a i s e s pe ci a lly re v e a l e d in a s tra nge s a ti r ica l

hymn i n w hich he ridicul e s the c e re mo n i a l Brahm a n s
u nd e r the guis e o f a pa n e gyric on frogs In th i s com .

pos ition occur s uch ve rs e s a s the s e

L ik eBrahm a n s a tth e Som a sa c r ific e o f A ti r atr a s itting
— ,

round a full pond a n d ta lking you O frogs ce l e bra te thi s , , ,

d a y o f the y e a r w h e n the ra iny s e a s on b e gin s .

Th e s e Br é h ma n s w ith the ir Som a h a v e ha d th e ir s a y

, , ,

p e rforming the a nnu a l rite Th e se A d hw a ry u s s w e a ti n g .

,

w hil e th e y c a rry th e hot pot s pop out like h e rmits , .

Th e y h a ve a l w a y s ob s e rv e d th e ord e r o f the god s a s

th e y a r e to be w ors hippe d in the tw e lve month th e s e me n
d o not n e gl e ct th e ir s e a s on .

Co w noi s e ga ve Go a t n oi s e ga ve th e Brow n g a ve a n d
-
,
-

, ,

th e Gre e n g a ve u s tre a s ure s The frogs w h o give u s .

,

h u ndre d s o f co w s l e ngth e n e d our li fe in th e rich a utumn 1 ’

, .

V i s w amitr a a n d V a s i s h th a a pp e a r to h a v e b e e n po w e r
fu l riva l s in s e e king the confid e nc e o f K ing Sud as a n d ,

from th e ir va rying fortun e s c a m e the tre m e ndou s fe ud

b e tw e e n th e m w hich pl a y s s o l a rge a p a rt i n the tra dition s

1 Tha tthi s sa ti ri cal hymn w a s a d mi tted i n to the Rig Ve d a sho w s tha t the se -

h ymn s w ere he y w e r e sti ll i n the ha n d s o f the a n c i e n t H i n d u

c o llec te d w h ils t t

fa mi li e s a s co m mon pr o pe r ty, an d w e r e n o t ye t the e x c lu si v e p ro p e rty o f Brah

ma n s a s a ca ste or a sso c i a ti o n . F ur the r e v id e n c e of the sa me kin d i s gi v e n
hy mn i n Br ahma n
’
by a w hi c h the ex p r e ss i o n o c cu r s Do n o tbe a s la zy as a .

M r s M a n n i n g s A rud e » ! d M ed i a v a l I n dia , i 77 I n the sa me w o r k me

’
so
-
-
. an . .

p a r ti c u la rs g
a re i v e n o f the p e r so n s me n ti o n ed i n th is ch a p te r Th e . F ro g

sa ti r e is tr a n sla te d by M a x M ii lle r , A S L . . .
, p 4 94
. .

VOL . II .
 TH E SA CE R D O TAL SAI N ZI

o f Indi a . The me n
r both pri e s ts a s a r e both r it u a li s ts
we e ,

a n d bro a d churchm e n -
in the pre s e n t d a y Th e y w e re .

born e on the s tre a m o f mythologic e voluti o n to re p te

s e n ta ti v e re gion s ve ry di ffe r e nt fro m a n th y ould h
y e c a v e

conte mpl a t e d V a si shth a e n nobl e d by the mora l s e nti m e n t

.
,

o f a g e s a pp e a rs a s th e ge n iu s o f tr u th a n d j u s ti ce ma i n
, ,

ta ining th e s e a s o f more m e rit th a n a n y ce re mon i a l

‘ ’

p e rfe cti on s The Brah ma n s w ho m h e o n c e ridicul e d

.
, ,

w e re gl a d e nough in th e e n d to m a k e him th e ir p a tro n

s a int though th e y did not e qu a lly honour his principl e s

, .

On th e oth e r h a nd Vi sw é mitr a be ca m e the type o f th a t

,

i mmora l divinity w hich re ce ive d i ts Ira ni a n a n a th e m a i n

A hrim a n The murd e r he commits i s n othing in a p e r
.

—
s o n a ge w hose Som a c e l e bra tion s h a v e ra i s e d him s o h igh

a bove the trivi a liti e s o f mora lity .

It i s e a s y to s e e w ha t mu s t be the fu rth e r d e ve lop me n t

o f s uch a typ e a s Vi s w amitr a w h e n h e s h a ll h a v e p a s se d

from the gu a rde d pa ge s o f pura nic tra dition to the t e r r i bl e

s impliciti e s o f folklore The s a i n t w hos e m a j e s ty i s b u il t
.

o n
‘
m e rits w hich h a ve n o re l a tion to w h a t the hu mbl e
,
’

d e e m virtu e s n a tura lly hold s s u ch virtu e s in cyn i ca l c o n

,

te mpt ; n a tura lly a l s o he i s indign a nt i f a n y o n e d a r e s to

s ugges t th a t the h e ight h e h a s re a ch e d by co s tly a n d p r o

longe d ob se rva nc e s ma y be a tta ine d by poor a n d c o m

mo n p e opl e through th e pra ctic e o f virtu e Th e n e xt .

s te p is e qu a lly n e c e ss a ry Since it i s h a rd to a rgu e d o w n

.

the fa cts o f hum a n n a ture Va s i s htha i s pre tty s u r e to h a v e

,

a s trong i f s om e tim e s s il e nt s upport fo r h i s h e re tic a l

, ,

the ory o f a pri e s thood re pre s e nting virtu e ; con s e q u e ntly

V i sw amitr a w ill be re duce d a t l e ngt h to d e ny th e e x i s
t e nc e o f virtu e a n d w ill b e com e the A ccu s e r o f thos e to
,

w hom virtu e s a r e a ttribut e d Fina lly fro m the A ccu s e r

.
,

to the Te mpte r the tra n s ition i s in e vita bl e The pu b lic .

A cc u s e r mu s t try a n d m a k e good hi s ca s e a n d i f the ,

 H AR I SCH AN D R A

fa c ts do not s uppo r t it h e mu s t cre a t e oth e r fa cts ,

w hich w ill or e l s e be a r the l a s t bra nd o f his tribe

,

Sla n d e re r .

Le a ving out o f s ight a ll hi s torica l or prob a bl e fa cts con

ce rning V i s w ami tr a a n d V a s i s h tha but re m e mbe ring the ,

s irit o f th e m le t u s re a d th e gre a t P a s s ion pl a y o f t h

p , e -

Ea s t i n w hich th e ir re s pe ctiv e p a rts a r e p e rform e d a g a in

,

a s int e r v e ning a ge s h a v e int e rpr e t e d t h e m Th e h e ro o f .

thi s dra m a i s a n a n c i e nt king n a m e d H a ri sc ha ndra w ho , ,

be i n g childl e s s a n d con s e qu e ntly un a bl e to ga in i mmo r

,

ta lity promi s e d the god V a run a to s a crifi c e to hi m a s o n

,

i f o n e w e re gra nt e d him The s o n h a ving be e n born the

.
,

fa t he r b e s e e ch e s V a run a fo r re s pit e w hich i s gra nt e d ,

a ga i n a n d a g a in but s t a nd s firmly by h i s promi s e

, al ,

tho ugh i t i s fin a lly commute d The re pul s ive fe a ture s o f .

th e a nci e nt l e ge nd a r e e limin a t e d in th e dra m a th e p ro ,

mi s e n o w be ing fo r a va s t s u m o f mon e y w hich th e kin g

ca nnot p a y but w hich V i s w amitr a w ould te mpt him to
,

e s c a p e by a t e chnic a l fi c tion S i r M utu Cum ara Sw amy .

,

w ho s e tra n s l a tion I follo w pre s e nts m a ny e vid e nc e s o f,

the n e a r re l a tion in w hich thi s dra m a s t a nd s to th e r e

l igi o u s fa ith o f the p e opl e in South e rn Indi a a n d p a rt s o f

Ce ylo n w h e re i ts re pre s e n t a tion n e ve r fa il s to dra w va s t
,

cro w ds from e ve ry p a rt o f th e dis trict in w hich it ma y

o ccu r th e impre s s ion m a d e by it b e ing mo s t pro found
1
.
,

W e a r e firs t introduc e d to H a ri sch a ndra K ing o f A y o ,

di a h ( O ud e ) in his pa l a ce s urround e d by e ve ry s pl e n dour

, , ,

a n d b y the d e votion o f hi s pro s p e ro u s p e opl e H i s firs t .

1
A r ic ha n d r a , the M a r tyr A Ta mil D r a ma tra n sla te d i n to E n g
of Tru th :

li se b y M u tn Co o mfira Sw amy, M u d li a r , M e mb e r o f H e r M a j e s ty s Le gi sla

’

ti v e C o u n c il o f Ce ylo n , & c Lo n d o n : Smi th, E ld e r , Co 18 63 Th i s

’
. . .

d r a ma , i t mu st be c o n s ta n tly bo rn e i n mi n d , in n o w is e re p re se n ts the V e d i c
lege n d , to ld i n the Ai te r e ya Br ahma n a ,
-
v ii . 1 3 1 8;
-
n or the p u r a n i c le ge n d ,
to ld i n th e M e r ka n de ya -
P u r an a . I ha v e a lte r e d the s pe lli n g o f the n a me s to

Sa n s k r i tfo r ms, bu to the r w ise fo llo w Si r M C S r a n sla t

’
the . . . s t io n .
 '

36 PR OL O G UE 1 1V H E A VE N .

w ord is a n a s crip tion to the God o f god s H is m i ni s te rs .

’

com e forw a rd a n d re cou n t th e w e a lth a n d w e l fa re o f th e

n a tion The firs t A c t w itn e sse s the m a rri a ge o f H a r i s
.

c ha ndra w ith the b e a uti ful princ e s s Ch a ndra va ti a n d i t ,

clo s e s w ith th e birth o f a s o n .

Th e s e cond A c t brings u s i n to the pre s e n ce o f Indr a in

th e A bod e o f th e G od s The Chi e f e nt e rs the A udi e n c e
.

H a ll o f h i s pa l a c e w h e re a n a s s e mbly o f d e iti e s a n d s a g e s
,

h a s a w a it e d him . Th e s e s a g e s a r e holy me n w h o h a ve
a cq u ir e d s up e r n a tura l o w r by th e ir tr e m ndo s t i
p e e u a u s e r

ti e s ; a n d o f th e se the mos t a ugu s t is V i s w ami tra By .

the m a gnitud e a n d e xt e nt o f h i s a u s t e riti e s h e h a s g a i n e d

a po w e r b e yond e ve n th a t o f th e Tri a d a n d c a n re d u c e
,

th e w orld s to cind e rs A ll the god s court h i s fa vou r

. As .

th e Cou n cil proc e e d s Indr a a ddre s s e s the s a g e s

, H o ly
me n l a s gi fte d w ith s upe rn a tura l a ttribut e s you ro a m th e ,

u nive rse w ith ma rve llou s s pe e d th e re i s no pl a c e unkno w n

,

to you I a m curiou s to l e a rn w ho in the pre s e nt ti me s

.
, ,

i s the mo s t virtuou s s ove re i g n on th e e a rth be lo w W ha t .

chi e f o f morta l s i s th e re w h o ha s n e ve r told a li e —w ho

h a s n e ve r sw e rve d fro m th e cours e o f j u s tice V a s i sh th a ,

a pow e rfu l s a ge a n d fa mily pri e s t o f H a r iéc ha n d r a d e

-

cl a re s th a t h is roya l di s ci p l e is s uch a ma n Bu t th e .

more po w e r fu l Vi s w ami tr a d e nounce s Ha r iéc ha n d r a a s c r u e l

a n d a li a r The qu a rre l b e tw e e n the tw o R i s hi s w a x e s
.

fi e rce u ntil I ndra puts a s top to it by d e ciding t h a t a n

,

e xp e rim e nt s h a ll be m a d e on H a r i éc h a n d r a V a s i s h tha .

a gr e e s th a t i f h i s di s cipl e c a n be s ho w n to h a v e told a l i e .

or c a n b e ma d e to t e ll o n e the fruit o f his li fe long a u s t e ri

,
-

ti e s a n d a ll th e po w e r s o ga i n e d s h a ll be a dd e d to V i s w zi
, ,

mitra ; w hil e th e l a tt e r mu s t pre s e nt h i s oppon e n t w i th

h a l f o f his m e rits i f H a r i éc ha n d r a b e not ma d e to s w e rve
’

fro m the truth V i s w ami tr a i s to e mpl o y a n y m e a n s w ha t

.

e v e r n e ith e r In d ra o r a n y oth e r int e rfe ri n g

,
.
 TH E I N D I A N 1 03 .

37

V i s w ami tr a t
se s bout h is ta s k o f tryi n g a n d t e mpt
a

i n g H a ri sch a ndr a by in for mi n g th a t kin g th a t in ord e r ,

to p e r form a s a crifice o f s pe ci a l importa nc e he ha s n e e d ,

of a mound o f gold a s high a s a mi ss il e s lung by a

ma n s ta nding on a n e l e ph a n t s ba ck W ith the d e m a nd ’
.

o f s o s a cre d a b e ing H a r iéc h a n d r a h a s no h e s it a tion in

c o m plying a n d i s a bout to d e live r the gold w h e n V i s w a

,

mitra r e qu e s ts him to be cu stodi a n o f the mon e y fo r a

ti me but p e rform the cu s tom a ry ce re mony o f tra n s fe r
, .

H oldi n g H a r iéc ha n d r a s w ritt e n promi s e to d e live r th e

’

gold w h e ns oe ve r d e ma nd e d Vi s w ami tr a re tire s w ith com

,

p li m e n ts T h e n w ild b e a s t s ra v a g e H a r i éc h a n d r a s t e rri
’

tory ; th e s e b e ing e xp e ll e d a d e mon bo a r i s s e nt but i s

, ,

va nqui s h e d by the mon a rch Vis w ami tr a the n s e nd s u n

.

ch a s t e d a nci n g girl s to te mpt H a ri éc h a n d r a a n d w h e n h e

-

h a s o rd e re d th e ir re mova l V i s w ami tr a re turn s w ith th e m

, ,

a n d fe igning ra g e a ccu s e s him o f s l a ying innoc e nt b e a s t s

, ,

a n d o f cru e lty to th e girl s H e d e cl a re s th a t unl e s s H a ri s

.

ch a ndra yi e ld s to the Pa ri a h d a m s e ls he him s e l f s h a ll be ,

re duc e d to a P a ri a h s l a ve H a ri scha ndra o ffe rs a ll h is

.

ki n gdom a n d po s s e ss ion s i f the d e m a nd i s w ithdra w n ,

a b s ol u t e ly r e fu s in g to s w e rve from h i s virtu e Thi s V i s w a .

mitra a cc e pts i s procl a im e d s ove re ign o f A y od ia h a n d the

, ,

king goe s forth a be gga r w ith h is w i fe a n d child But n o w .

,

a s th e s e a r e d e p a rting V i s w é mi tr a d e m a nd s th a t mound o f
,

gold w hich w a s to be pa id w h e n ca l le d fo r In va in H a ri s .

cha ndra pl e a d s th a t h e h a s a lre a dy d e live re d u p a ll he

poss e s s e s the gold includ e d the l a s t conc e s s i o n i s d e cl a re d
,

to h a ve nothing to do w ith the firs t Y e t V is w ami tr a s a ys .

h e w ill b e ch a rita b le i f H a ri sch a ndra w ill s imply d e cl a r e

th a t h e n e v e r pl e dg e d the gold or h a ving do n e s o do e s , , ,

not fe e l bound to p a y it he w ill c a nc e l th a t d e bt

, S uch .

a d e cl a ra tion I c a n n e v e r m a k e re pli e s H a ri sch a ndra I

’ ‘
.
,

o w e th e e the gold a n d p a y i t I s h a ll
,
L e t a m e s s e n ge r
.
38 TA M I L D E M ON S .

a ccomp a ny me a n d l e a ve me not till I h a ve g ive n hi m

thy d u e .
’

From thi s tim e the e fforts o f Visw ami tr a a r e dire c te d to

induce H a r i sc ha n d r a to d e cl a re the mon e y not d u e A mi d .

h s h e rtbrok e n p e opl e
i a — w h o cry W he re a r e th e go d s ?
,
‘

Ca n th e y tol e ra te thi s — he w ho w a s ju s t n o w th e gre a t es t

a n d h a ppi e s t mon a rch in th e w orld go e s forth on th e high

w a y a w a nd e re r w ith h i s Ch a ndra va t i a n d th e ir s o n D e va

rata dre s s e d in coa rse s t ga rm e nts H i s l a s t roya l d e e d i s

.

to s e t the cro w n on hi s t e mpt e r s h e a d The p e opl e a n d

’
.

o ffi c e rs follo w a n d be g h i s p e rmi s s ion to s l a y V i s w ami tr a

, ,

but he re buk e s th e m a n d couns e l s s ubmi s s ion V i s w a

, .

mitra ord e rs a m e s s e nge r N a ks ha tr a to a ccomp a ny the

, ,

thre e w re tch e d on e s a n d inflict the s e ve re s t s u fl e r i n gs on

'

th e m until the gold is p a id a n d a mid e a ch ord e a l to o ffe r

,

H a r i éc ha n d r a a ll his form e r w e a lth a n d h a ppin e s s i f he

w ill utt e r a fa l s e hood .

Th e y com e to a d e s e rt w hos e s a n d s a r e s o hot th a t the

w i fe fa int s . H a r iéc ha n d ra b e a rs hi s s o n in hi s a rm s but ,

in a ddition i s com p e ll e d to b e a r N a ksha tr a (the B rahm a n

a n d torm e nto r ) on h i s s hould e rs Th e y s o p a ss a mid
.

s n a k e s a n d s corpion s a n d re c e ive t e rribl e

, s tings ; t h e y

a s s through s torm a n d flood a n d y e t va inly do e s N a k

p ,

s h a tra s ugge s t th e d e s ire d fa l s e hood .

Th e n follow s the ord e a l o f D e mon s w hich giv e s a n ,

inte re sting in s ight into Ta mil D e monology On e o f the .

compa ny e xcl a im s Ho w fright ful the y look 1 W h o c a n

fa ce th e m ? Th e y com e in b a tt a lion s young a n d o ld , ,

s m a ll a n d gre a t — a ll w e lcom e u s Th e y di s port th e m

.

s e lve s w ith a w ild d a nc e ; fl a m e s s hoot from th e ir mouth s ;

th e ir fe e t touch not th e e a rth ; th e y move in the a i r .

Obs e rve you the bl e e di n g corp s e s o f hum a n be ings in

th e ir h a nd s Th ey crunc h th e m a n d fe e d on the fl e s h
. .

The pl a c e i s o n e m a s s o f gore a n d filth W ol v e s a n d .

 S CE N E OF TH E G OBL I N S .
39

hya ba rk a t th e m ; j a cka ls a n d dogs fol low th e m

nas .

T he y a r e n e a r M a y Siva prote ct u s
.

N AK SH ATRA dre a d ful ! H a r i éc ha n d r a w ha t i s

. Ho w ,

thi s ? L ook ! e vil d e mon s s t re a a t m e — I tre mbl e fo r my

li fe. Prote ct me n o w a n d I a s k you no more fo r the ,

g o l d .

H A R I SCH A N D RA H a ve no fe a r N a ks ha tra. Com e , .

,

pl a ce thy se l f in the mid s t o f u s .

CH I E F o r TH E G O BLI N S M e n ! littl e me n ! hum a n .

v e rmin ! intru d e y e thu s into my pre s e nc e ? K now th a t ,

s a v e only the Brahm a n s ta ndi n g in the mid s t o f you y o u ,

a r e a ll my pre y to night -
.

H ARI SCH A N D RA Goblin ! ce rta inly thou a r t not a n

'

e vil do e r fo r thou h a s t e xc e pte d thi s holy Brahm a n

-
,
As .

fo r ou r se lve s w e kno w th a t the bodi e s w hich b e gin to e x is t

,

u
p on e a rth mu s t a l s o c e a s e to e xi s t on it W h a t m a tt e rs .

i t w h e n d e a th com e s ? I f he s p a re s u s n o w he re s e rve s u s
o n ly fo r a noth e r s e a s on G ood kind d e mon ! d e s troy u s
.
,

th e n toge th e r ; h e re w e a w a it our doom .

N AKSH ATRA H a r iéc ha n d r a ! be fore you thu s d e se rt me

.
,

ma k e the goblin promi s e you th a t he w ill not hurt me .

H ARI éCHAN D RA Thou h a s t no ca u s e fo r a l a rm ; thou

.

a r t s a fe .

CH I E F o r TH E Go BLI N s L i s t e n !
I find tha t a ll four o f
.

y o u a r e v e ry thin ; it i s not w orth my w hil e to kill you .

O n e xa mining clos e ly I pe rce ive th a t the young Brahm a n

,

i s plump a n d fa t a s a w ild bo a r G ive him up to me—I .

w a n t not th e re s t .

N AK SH ATRA O God s ! O H a ri sch a n dra ! y o u a r e a

.

gre a t mon a rch ! Ha ve m e rcy on me ! Sa ve me sa ve ,

me I w ill n e ve r troubl e you fo r the gold but tre a t y o u ,

con s id e ra t e ly h e re a ft e r .

H AR I SCHAN D RA Si r thy li fe i s sa fe sta nd s till

'

.
, , .
4o ORD E AL S

N AK SHATRA A llo w . me ,
s irs to com e clo s e r to you
, , an d
to hold you by the h a nd ( He gr a sps t/ze zr Ira n ds )
'

H AR I SCHAN D RA K ing o f th e G oblin s ! I a ddre s s th e e

.

in a ll s inc e rity ; thou w ilt con fe r on u s a gre a t fa vou r

ind e e d by de s pa tching u s s p e e dily to the J udgm e nt H a ll
o f th e God o f D e a th Th e Brah ma n m u s t not be touc he d ;
.

d e vour u s .

TH E GO BL I N (gri n d i n g 1 q te a t/z i n g r e a t f u ry ) W h a t ! .

d a re you di s ob e y me ? W ill you not d e live r th e Brahm a n

H A RI SCHAN D RA N o w e c a nnot W e a lon e a r e thy
.
, .

victim s .

[ y
D a br e a ks , a n d ti re g o bli n s a zlra
’
pp ea r .
]

H a ving thu s iths tood a ll te mpta tion to ha rm h is e n e my

w ,

or to bre a k a promi s e h e ha d give n to tre a t him kindly ,

H a r iéc ha n d r a i s a ga in pre s s e d fo r th e gold or th e li e a n d , ,

s till holding out a n ord e a l o f fi r e follo w s

, Tru s ting the .

God o f Fire w ill c e a s e to a fflict i f o n e is s a crific e d H a r ié ,

ch a ndra pre p a re s to e nt e r the c o n fl a gr a ti o n first a n d a ,

pa th e tic cont e ntion occurs b e t w e e n him a n d hi s w i fe a n d

s o n a s to w hich s h a ll b e s a crific e d In the e n d H a rié .

cha ndra ru sh e s in but do e s not p e ri s h, .

H a ri sch a ndra i s hoping to re a ch th e t e mpl e o f V is

W a n ath a t K a s i a n d invok e hi s a i d to p a y the gold To
1
.

the t e mpl e he com e s only to pl e a d in va in a n d N a ks ha tr a ,

tortu re s him w ith in s t r u m e nts Fin a lly H a ri sch a ndra h is .

,

w i fe a n d child a re s old a s s l a ve s to p a y the d e bt

, But .

V i s w ami tr a inv i s ibly pre s e nt only re doubl e s h i s p e r s e c u

, ,

tion s H a r iéc ha n d r a i s s ubj e cte d to the p e culia r d e g ra

.

d a tion o f h a ving to burn d e a d bodi e s in a c e me t e ry .

Ch a ndra va t i a n d he r s o n a r e s u bj e ct e d to cru e lti e s .

The boy i s o n e d a y s e nt to th e fore s t i s bitt e n by a ,

s na ke a n d di e s
,
Ch a ndra va t i go e s out in the nig ht to
.

1
Siv a ; the ‘
lo rd o f the w o r ld , a n
’
d o f w e a lth. Cfi Pl u to , D is, D i v e s .
 TH E M AR T YR OF TR U TH 41

find th e body She r e pa irs w ith it to the c e m e t e ry In

. .

the d a rkn e s s s h e do e s not r e cogni s e h e r h u s b a n d the ,

burn e r o f the bodi e s nor he hi s w i fe He h a s s trictl y

, .

promi s e d h i s m a s t e r tha t e ve ry fe e s ha ll be pa id a n d ,

re pro a ch e s th e w om a n fo r coming in the da rk n e ss to a void

pa ym e nt Ch a ndra va t i o ffe rs in p a ym e nt a s a cre d cha in
.

w hich S iva ha d thro w n round h e r n e ck a t birth invi s i bl e ,

to a ll but a pe rfe ct ma n Ha ri scha ndra a lon e ha s e ve r .

see n it a n d n o w re cogni s e s h i s w i fe But e ve n n o w h e

, .

w ill not p e r form the l a s t rit e s ov e r h i s d e a d child unl e ss

th e fe e c a n b e obt a in e d a s promi s e d Ch a ndra va t i go e s .

out i nto the city to be g the mon e y l e a ving H a ri sch a ndra ,

s e a t e d b e s id e th e d e a d body o f D e v a r ata I n th e s tre e t .

s he s t u mbl e s ove r th e corp s e o f a not h e r child a n d t a k e s ,

it u p ; it prov e s to be the in fa nt Pri n ce w ho ha s b e e n ,

—
murd e re d Ch a ndra va t i a rre s te d a n d dra gge d be fore the
.

—
king i n a s t a te o f fre nzy d e cl a re s she ha s kill e d the child .

S h e i s cond e mn e d to d e a th a n d h e r hu s ba n d mu s t be h e r
,

e x e cutio n e r But the l a st s ce n e mu s t be quote d n e a rly

.

in fu ll .

V E R AK VOO (H a r ise/ra n d r a
’
s ma s te r le a d i ng
, on Cha n d r a
S l a ve !
thi s w om a n ha s b e e n s e nte nce d by our king
to b e e x e cut e d w ithout d e l a y D ra w your s w ord a n d cut .

he r he a d 05 ( E x i t) .

H A RI SCH A N D RA I obe y m a st e r (D
. r a w s ti re s w o r d
, .

C H A N D RAVATI ( m
coi n g to co n sc i o u s n e s s a g a in ) . M y hu s
b a n d ! W h a t ! do I s e e th e e a ga in ? I a ppl a ud thy
re s olution my lord Y e s ; le t me d i e by thy s w ord Be
, . .

not u nn e rve d but be prompt a n d p e rform thy duty u n

, ,

fl i n c h i n gly .

H A R I éCH AN D RA My . be love d w i fe ! the d a ys a llott e d

to y o u in thi s w orld a re numbe re d you h a ve run through
42 TH E L A S T SA CR I F I CE .

th e p a n o f your e xis te nc e Convicte d a s you a r e o f thi s

s .

crim e th e re is no hop e fo r your li fe ; I mu s t pre se ntly

,

fulfil my in s tr u ction s I c a n only a llow you a fe w se cond s ;

.

pra y to your tute l a ry d e itie s pre p a re yours e l f to m e e t ,

your doom .

V I SW AM I T RA ( w lto Iza s s u dd e n ly pp a e a r ed ) . H a r iéc ha n

d ra ! h a t a r e you going to s l a ughte r thi s po or w om a n
w ,

W ick e d ma n s pa re h e r ! Te ll a li e e ve n n o w a n d be
,

r e s tore d to your form e r s t a te !

HA R I SCH A N D RA I p ra y my lord a tte mpt not to be

.
, ,

guil e me from the pa th o f re ctitud e N othing s ha ll s h a k e .

my re s olution ; e ve n though thou did s t offe r to me the

thron e o f Indra I w ould not te ll a li e Pol lute not thy .

s a cre d p e rs on by e nt e ri n g s uch unholy gro u nd s De .

p a rt ! I dre a d not thy w ra th I no longe r court thy fa vo u r .

D e pa rt ( VI.SW AM I TR A d i sapp e a r s ) .

M y lov e ! lo I a m thy e x e c u tion e r ; com e la y thy h e a d ,

g e ntly on thi s block w ith thy s w e e t fa ce turn e d to w a r d s

the e a s t Ch a ndra va t i my w i fe be firm be h a ppy ! The
.
, , ,

l a s t mom e n t o f our s u ffe rings ha s a t l e ngth com e ; fo r to

s u ffe rings too th e re i s h a ppily a n e n d H e re c e a s e o u r .

w oes our gri e fs our pl e a s ure s M a rk ! y e t a w hil e a n d

, , .
,

thou w ilt be a s fre e a s the vulture s th a t n o w s oa r i n th e

s ki e s .

Thi s k e e n s a bre w ill do i ts duty Thou d e a d thy h u s .

,

b a nd di e s too— thi s s e l f sa m e s w ord s h a ll pi e rc e my bre a s t

-
.

— —
Firs t the child th e n the w i fe la s t the hu s ba nd — a ll
victim s o f a s a ge s w ra th I t e m rtyr o
h
’
a f T .
—
ru th tho u
a n d thy s o n m a rtyrs fo r me the m a rty r o f Tru th Ye s ;
, .

le t u s d i e ch e e rfully a n d b e a r our ill s m e e kly Y e s le t .

°

a ll me n p e ri s h le t a ll god s c e a s e to e xi s t le t the s ta rs th a t
, ,

s hin e a bove grow dim le t a ll s e a s be dri e d up le t a ll

, ,

mounta in s be l e ve ll e d to the ground le t w a rs ra ge bloo d , ,

fl o w i n s tre a m s le t million s o f millio n s o f H a r iéc ha n d ra s b e

,
 VI R T UE TR I U AI PH S O VE R M E R I TS ‘
.
’
43

thu s p e rs e cute d y e t le t Truth be Truth —

m a inta in e d le t
— —
rid e victoriou s ove r a ll le t Truth be the light Truth the
guid e —Truth a lon e the l a s ting s ol a ce o f morta l s a n d i m
mort a ls D i e th e n 0 go d d e s s o f Ch a s tity ! D i e a t thi s
.
, , ,

th e s hrin e o f thy s i s t e r godd e s s o f Tr u th !

[
S tr i he s the n e ch o f CH A N D RAV ATf i th g r ea tf o r ce
w the

s w or d, i n s tea d o f ha r mi n g he r is , tr a n sf o r me d i n to a s tr i n g

of su p er b pe a r ls, w hi ch w in ds i ts e lf a r ou n d he r the g o d s

of he a v e n , a ll s a ge s , an d a ll hi n gs a pp ea r s u d de n ly to the

v ie w f
o H A R I éC H A N D RA J
SI V A (the fi r st o f the g od s
) . H a r i éc ha n d r a , be e ve r
b le sse d ! You h a ve born e your s e ve re tri a l s mo s t he r o i
c a lly a n d h a ve prov e d t
,
o a ll me n th a t virtu e i s o f gre a t e r

w orth th a n a ll th e va niti e s o f a fl e e ting w orld Be y o u .

th e mod e l o f morta ls R e turn to your l a nd re s um e your .

,

a uthority a n d rul e your s ta t e

, D e v a r ata victim o f Vi s .
,

w a mi tr a s w ra th ri s e ( H d
’
e i s r e s,to r e to l if )
e .

R i s e you a l s o s o n o f the K ing o f K a s i w ith w hos e

, , ,

m urd e r y o u Cha ndra va ti w e re ch a rge d throug h the

, ,

ma chin a tion s o f V i s w ami tr a ( H e c o m es t o lif e a ls o ) . .

H ARI SCH A N D RA A ll my mi s fortun e s a r e o f l ittl e c o n

.

s e qu e n ce s inc e thou, O G o d o f god s h a s t d e ign e d to , ,

fa vour me w ith thy divin e pre s e nc e N o longe r ca re I .

fo r kingdom or pow e r or glory , I va lu e not childre n o r

, .
,

w iv e s or r e l a tion s
,
To thy s e rvic e to thy w ors hip to th e
.
, ,

r e d e mption o f my e rring s oul I d e vote my s e l f u n i n te r ,

r u p te d ly h e r e a ft e r L e t me not b e com e th e s por t o f me n

. .

T he s l a ve o f a Pa ri a h ca nnot be com e a ki n g ; the s l a ve

g irl o f a Br a hm a n c a nnot b e com e a qu e e n W h e n onc e .

th e milk h a s b e e n dra w n from th e udd e r o f a c o w nothing

c a n r e s tore th e s e l f sa m e milk to it Our d e gra d a tion O

-
.
,

G o d i s n o w b e yond re d e mption
, .

V I SW AM I TR A I pra y O Siva th a t thou w o uld s t p a r

.
, ,

d o n my folly A nxiou s to g a in the w a e r l a id by me

.
g
44 TR AN SF OR M A TI ON S CE N E .

be fore the god s I h a ve mos t m e rcil e ss ly torme nte d thi s

,

virtuou s king ; y e t h e h a s prove d him se l f the mos t truth fu l

o f a ll e a rthly s ov e re ign s
'
triumphing V ictoriou s ly ove r me ,

a n d my e fl o r ts to dive rt him from hi s con s t a ncy H a ri s

'

ch a ndra ki n g o f kings ! I cra ve your fo r give n e ss

, .

V E RA K VOO (thr ow i n g of hi s d i sgu i se ) K i n g H a tis .

-

ch a ndra think not tha t I a m a P a ri a h fo r you be hold i n

, ,

me e ve n Y am a the God o f D e a th , .

K ALA KA N D A ( Cha n d r a v a ti
’
s cr ue l ma s te r , thr o w i ng o f
hi s d isgu i s e) Qu e e n ! re s t not in the be li e f tha t y o u w e re
.

th e s l a v e o f a Brahm a n H e to w hom you d e vot e d y our .

s e l f a m e ve n I — the G o d o f Fire A gni , .

VASI SHTHA H a r i éc ha n d r a no di s gra ce a tta ch e s to th e e

.
,

n o r to the Sol a r ra c e o f w hich thou a r t th e incompa ra bl e

,

g e m . E v e n thi s c e m e t e ry i s in r e a lity no c e m e t e ry : s e e !
the illu s ion l a st s not a n d tho u b e hold e s t h e r e a holy grove
,

th e a bod e o f h e rmits a n d a s c e tic s L ike the gold w hich .

h a s p a s s e d through s ucce s s ive crucibl e s d e void o f a ll ,

impuriti e s thou 0 K ing o f A y bd ia h s h in e st in gre a te r

, , ,

s pl e ndour th a n e v e n yon god o f light n o w ri s ing to our

vi e w on the ori e nt hill s (I t is mor n i n g ) . .

S I V A H a r isc ha n d r a le t not the w orld l e a rn th a t V irtu e

. ,

i s va nqui s h e d a n d th a t i ts e n e my V ic e h a s be com e th e
, , ,

.
,
—
victor Go mount yon thron e a g a in procl a im to a ll th a t
w e the god s a r e th e gu a rdi a n s o f th e good a n d th e t r u e
, , .

I ndra ! chi e f o f the god s a ccomp a ny thi s s ov e re ign w ith ,

a ll your r e tinu e a n d re cro w n h im e mp e ror o f A y Od i a h

, .

—
M a y h i s re ign be lon g ma y a ll bli s s a w a it hi m i n th e
oth e r w orld

Th e plot o f thi s dra m a ha s prob a bly don e a s much a n d

a s va riou s duty a s a n y in the w orld It h a s s pre a d lik e .

a s piritu a l b a n y a n w ho s e bra nch e s t a king root ha ve

, , ,

s w e ll e d to s uch s iz e th a t it i s di ffi cult n o w to s a y w hich

 TH E TA M I L HE R O AN D j OB .
45

i s the origin a l trunk It ma y e ve n be tha t th e only root

.

th e y a ll ha d in com mon i s a n invi s ibl e o n e in th e hum a n

h e a rt d e ve lop e d in i ts n e c e s sa ry s truggle s a mid n a ture

,

a ft e r th e pure a n d p e r fe ct li fe .

But n e ith e r in the Book o f Job w hich w e a r e y e t to ,

c o n s id e r nor in a n y oth e r va ri a tion o f th e th e m e do e s it

, ,

ri s e s o high a s in thi s dra m a o f H a r iéc ha n d r a In Job it .

r e pre s e nts ma n loy a l to h i s d e ity a mid th e te rribl e a tfl ic

ti o n s w hich tha t d e ity p e rmit s ; but in H a risch a ndra it
s ho w s ma n loy a l to a mora l principl e e ve n a g a ins t divin e

o rd e rs to th e contra ry D e s pit e th e h a nd o f the lice n s e r

. ,

a n d the pri e s tly m a nipul a tion s vi s ibl e h e r e a n d th e re i n

,

—
i t e s pe ci a lly to w a rd s th e clo s e — s a c e rdot a li s m s t a nd s con

fr o nte d by i ts r e a ction a t l a s t a n d re c e ive s i ts s e nt e nc e i n

,

th e j oy w ith w hich the H i n d u s e e s th e pot e nt R i s hi s w ith

a ll th e ir pr e t e ntiou s m e rits a n d the god s th e m se lve s

‘ ’

, ,

k n e e ling a t the fe e t o f the ma n w ho s t a nd s by Truth .

It i s a mu s ing to find the w incings o f the pri e s ts throu gh

m a n y c e nturi e s e mbodi e d in a l e g e nd a bout H a r i éc ha n d r a
a ft e r h e w e nt to h e a v e n It i s re l a te d th a t he w a s induc e d
.

b y N ara d a to re l a t e hi s a ction s w ith s uch u nbe coming

prid e th a t he w a s low e re d from Sva rga (h e a ve n) o n e s ta ge
a ft e r e a ch s e nt e n c e ; but h a ving s topp e d in tim e a n d p a id ,

hom a ge to the god s h e w a s pl a ce d w ith h is ca pita l in

,

m id a i r w h e re e y e s s a c e rdot a lly a c ti n i s e d ma y s til l s e e

-

the a e ri a l city a t c e rt a in tim e s The doctrin e o f m e rit s

’
.

w i ll no doubt be a bl e fo r s om e tim e y e t to ch a rg e good

’
—
d e e d s w ith th e ir o w n s i n prid e but a fte r a ll th e pri e s t
, ,

m u s t follo w th e pe opl e fa r e n ough to con fe s s th a t o n e

m u s t lo o k up w a rd to find th e m a rtyr o f Truth I n w h a t .

dire ction o n e mu s t look to find h is a ccu s e r re quire s n o

furth e r intim a tion th a n th e pop u l a r l e g e nd o f Vi s w amitr a .
 C H A PTE R V .

E LOH I M A N D J E H OVAH .

D e i fie d p o w e r Gi a n ts a n d J e h o v a h J e h o v a h s ma n i fe sto The ’

v a r i o u s E lo hi m— T w o J e h o v a h s a n d tw o Ta le s —Co n tr a d i ctions b
-
D e ta c h me n t o f the E lo h i m fr o m J e h o v a h .

TH E sa cre d book s o f th e H e bre w s bring u s i n to th e p r e

s e nc e o f th e god s E lohim uppo d to h v cr t d l
( ) s s e a e e a e a l
things out o f nothing— n a ture god s —ju s t a s th e y a r e in -

tra n s ition to th e co n c e ption o f a s ingl e W ill a n d Pe r

s o n a li t y . T hough t h e plur a l i s u s e d a s i n gul a r
ve rb follo w s : the t e nd e ncy i s a lre a dy to tha t conc e ntra
tion w hich re s ult e d in th e e nthron e m e nt o f o n e s upre m e
s ove r e ign — J c hova b T h e long proc
. e s s o f e volution w hich
mu s t h a ve pre c e d e d thi s conc e ption i s but s lightly tra ce
a bl e i n th e Bibl e It i s ho w e ve r w ritt e n o n th e fa c e
.
, ,

o f th e w hol e w orld a n d the s a m e proc e s s i s going o n

,

now in i ts e ve ry pha se W h e th e r w ith G e s e n i u s w e

.
1

ta k e th e s e n s e o f the w ord E lohim to be the re ve re d ‘

,
’

or w ith Furs t, the mighty m a k e s little di ffe re nce ;

,
’ ‘
,
’

the fa ct re m a in s th a t the w ord i s a ppli e d e l s e w h e re

to gods i n ge n e ra l including s uch a s w e re a fte r w a rd s
,

d e e m e d fa l s e god s by th e J e w s ; a n d it i s more i m
porta nt s till tha t the a ctions a s cribe d to the E lohi m w h o ,

cre a te d th e h e a ve n s a n d th e e a rth ge n e ra lly re fl e ct the ,

pow e rfu l a n d u n mora l force s o f n a ture T he w o r k o f

-
.

1
Thes H e b
. .
, p 94. .
2
H e b Ha n dw
. .
, p 90
. .
 G I A N TS AN D j E H O VA H .
47

cre a tion in Ge n e s i s ( i a n d 11 1 3) is th a t o f gi a nts w ithout

. .
-

a n y mora l qu a lity w h a t e ve r W h e the r or not w e ta k e in

.

the ir obvious s e ns e the w ord s E lohim cre a te d ma n in h is ,

o w n im a ge m a l e a n d fe m a l e cre a te d h e the m the re ’

, ,

c a n b e n o qu e s tion o f th e m e a ning o f Ge n vi 1 2 Th e ‘
. .
,

s o n s o f E lohim sa w th e d a ught e rs o f me n th a t th e y w e r e

be a uti ful a n d the y took to th e m s e lve s fo r w ive s w hom

,

s o e ve r th e y cho s e W h e n good a n d e vil com e to be

.
’

s p ok e n o f th e n a m e J e hova h a t onc e a pp e a rs
1
, The .

E lohi m a pp e a r a g a in in the F lood the w i n d th a t a s s u a ge d ,

it th e inj u n ction to be fruit ful a n d multiply th e cloud

, ,

a n d ra inbo w ; a n d gra du a lly th e g e rm s o f a mora l gove rn

m e nt be gin to a ppe a r in th e ir a s s igning the viol e nc e o f

m a nkind a s re a s on fo r the d e luge a n d in the cove na n t ,

w i th N o a h But e ve n a fte r th e n a m e J e hova h ha d g e n e

.

r a lly bl e nd e d w ith o r e v e n s up e rs e d e d the oth e r w e find

, , ,

E lohim o fte n u se d w h e re s tre ng th a n d w ond e r w orking -

a r e thought o f Thou a r t th e god th a t do e s t w ond e rs

( P s . T h y w a y i‘
s in th e s e a a n d thy p a th in th e ,

g r e a t w a t e rs a n d thy foots t e p s a r e not kno w n

, .
’

Aga in s t the pri m i tive n a ture d e i ti e s the p e rs on a lity a n d -

j e a lou s s upre m a cy o f J e hova h w a s d e fin e d The gold e n .

c a l f built by A a ron w a s ca ll e d E lohi m (plura l though ,

th e re w a s but o n e c a l f) Solomon w a s d e nounce d

.

fo r building a lta rs to th e s a m e ; a n d w h e n J e ro bo a m
b u ilt a lta rs to tw o ca lve s th e y a r e s till s o ca ll e d Ot he r
, .

—
ri v a l s D a gon (J udge s A s ta roth Ch e mosh M ilco m , ,

( I K ing s xi ) — a r e c a ll e d by the onc e honour e d n a m e

.
-
.

T h e E ngli s h Bible tra n s l a t e s E lohim God ; J e hova h th e , ,

L O RD ; J e hov a h E lohim th e L O RD God ; a n d the criti c a l

,

r e a d e r w ill find much t ha t i s s ig n ifica nt in th e va ri e d u s e

o f th e s e n a m e s Thu s ( Ge n xxii ) it i s E lohim th a t

. . .

1
Or Ja hv e h I.
p r e fe r to us e t h e b e st kn o w n te rm in a c ase w he re the

mo r e e x a ct sp e ll in g a d d s n o sign i fica n ce .
4 s j E H O VA Er s M A N I FE S TO .

d e m a n d s the s a crifice o f I sa a c J e h o va h th a t i n te rfe re s to,

sa ve him . A t the sa m e tim e in e diting the s tory it i s , ,

pl a inly fe lt to be in a dmi ss ible tha t A br a ha m s hou ld

be s uppo s e d loy a l to a n y o th e r go d th a n J e hov a h ; s o
J e hova h a dopts the s a cri fic e a s m e a n t fo r him s e l f a n d th e ,

pl a ce w h e re the r a m w a s provid e d in pl a ce o f I sa a c i s
c a ll e d J e hova h J ire h H o w e ve r w he n w e c a n no longe r
-
.
,

di s tingui s h the tw o a nta gon i s tic conce ption s by di ffe re nt

na m e s th e ir a ctu a l incongruity i s e ve n more s a li e nt a n d a s , ,

w e s h a ll s e e d e ve lop s a s urpri s i n g re s ult

, .

J e hova h i n a ugu ra te s h is re ign by a m a ni fe s to a ga i ns t

th e se gi a nts the E lohim fo r w hom the s pe ci a l cl a i m
, ,

cl a morou s ly a s s e rte d w h e n A a ron bui lt the G old e n Ca l f ,

a n d co n tinu e d a s the pl e a fo r th e s a m e d e i ty — w a s tha t

they ( E lohim ) ha d brought I s ra e l out o f E gy pt I cr ie s ’

.
,

J e h ova h a m the Lord thy God w hich h a ve brought th e e

, ,

out o f th e l a nd o f E gypt out o f the hou se o f bond a ge : ,

thou s h a lt h a ve no oth e r god s but me a n d th e firs t fou r

comm a ndm e nts o f the la w a r e d e vote d e ntire ly to a d e
c la r a ti o n o f h i s m a j e s ty h i s po w e r cl a iming cre dit fo r the
( ,

cre a tion) h i s j e a lou s d e t e rmin a tion to puni s h h i s oppon e n ts

,

a n d re w a rd h i s fri e nd s to vindic a t e th e s light e s t d i s re s pe c t

,

to his n a m e The n a rra tive o f the G old e n Ca l f w a s pl a i n ly

.

c o nn e ct e d w ith Sin a i in ord e r to illu s tra t e the fi rs t com

m a ndm e nt The puni shm e nt o f the b e li e ve rs in a noth e r
.

divin e e m a ncipa tor e ve n though th e y ha d n o t y e t re c e ive d

,

th e procl a ma tion mu s t b e s ign a l , J e hova h i s s o e nra ge d .

th a t by hi s ord e r hu ma n victim s a r e o ffe re d up to the

numbe r o f thre e thou s a nd a n d e ve n a fte r th a t it i s s a id , , ,

J e hova h pl a gu e d I s ra e l on a cco u nt o f th e ir E lohim w o r s hip -

.

In the s a m e dire ction i s th e comm a nd to k e e p holy the

Sa bba th d a y b e ca u s e on it he re s t e d from th e w ork o f
,

cre a tion (Ge n or b e ca u s e on th a t d a y he d e live re d

.

I s ra e l from E gypt (D e ut the e ditors do not s e e m to

.
 TH E VAR I O US E LOH I M
’

.
49

re me mbe r e x a ctly w hich but it ll e nough to s a y both ,

is we ,

fo r i t i s t a king the tw o picke d l a ure l s from the bro w o f

E l o hi m a n d l a ying th e m on th a t o f J e hova h I n a ll o f .

w hich it i s ob s e rva bl e th a t th e re i s n o mora l qu a lity w h a t

e ve r N e ro might e qu a lly comm a nd th e R om a n s to h a ve

.

n o o th e r gods b e fore him se l f to s p e a k h is n a m e w ith a w e , ,

to r e s t w h e n h e s topp e d w orking I n the fi fth comm a nd .

m e nt a rbi tra rily a s cribe d to the Firs t Ta bl e w e h a ve a

, ,

tra n s ition to the mora l cod e though e ve n th e re the honour

o f p a re nts i s j e a lou s ly a s s oci a t e d w ith J e hova h s gre a tn e s s
’

( th
‘
a t t h y d a ys m a y b e long i n t h e l a nd w hich J e hov a h
E lohi m give th Th e n a ture god s w e re e qu a l to - '

tha t ; fo r the E lohim ha d be gotte n the gi a nts w ho w e re

‘
in the e a rth in tho se d a ys .
’

E lohim sp a k e unto M o s e s a n d s a id unto him I a m

‘
, ,

J e hova h ; a n d I a ppe a re d unto A bra h a m u nto I sa a c a n d , ,

u nto J a cob by ( the n a m e o f) God A lmighty (E l Sha dda i ) -

,

but by my n a m e J E HOVAH w a s I not know n to th e m ’

( E xod vi 2 . .
,

T eh a nc ie nt god s— the E lohi m — w e re in th e proc e s s o f ,

a b s o r ption i n to the o n e gre a t form the re po s itory o f th e ir ,

s e ve ra l po w e rs di s tingui s h a bl e ; a n d though fo r the mos t

, ,

p a rt th e y b e a r n a m e s re l a t e d to the forc e s o f n a ture n o w

, ,

a n d th e n th e y r e fl e c t the t e nd e n ci e s to hum a ni s a tion .

Thu s w e h a ve the mo s t high god (E l e ly n e g G e n ‘

o — ’
-

, .

x iv . the e ve rl a s ti n g god
‘
(E l d i m G e n xxi ’
-

, . .

th e j e a lou s god (E l ha n a E xod xx th e mighty

‘ ’
-
.
, .

god a n d te rr ibl e (E l ga d ol a n d n o r a D e ut vii 2 1 ) th e

,
’
-

, . .
‘

livi n g god (E l chi Josh iii th e god o f h e a v e n (E l

-
. .
‘

s he mi m Ps cxxxv1 th e god a lmighty (E l s ha d da i 1 -

. .
, ,

E xod vi Th e s e E lohim w ith e a ch o f w ho s e n a m e s I

. .
,

h a ve re fe rre d to a n in sta nc e o f i ts ch a ra ct e ri stic u s e be c a m e ,

1
Thi s, th e gr a n d e s t o f a ll the e lo histic na mes, be ca me the n e a r est He r e w b
w o r d fo r d e v i ls—shedi m .

V OL 11 . .
So T WO f E I I O VAE S .

e pith e t s a s th e po
, w e r s th e y r e pr e s e nt e d w e r e mo r e a n d
more a bs orbe d by the grow ing p e rso n a lity o f J e h ov a h ;
but th e s e e pith e ts w e re a l s o ch a ra cte rs a n d th e i r hi s to r ic ,

e xpre s s ion s h a d a l s o to u nd e rgo a pr oce s s o f s low a n d

di ffi cult dige s tion The a ll d e vo u ring gra nd e ur o f J e hov a h

.
-

s ho w e d w h a t it h a d fe d on N o t only a ll the h ono u rs . ,

but m a ny o f the di s honours o f the prim it ive d e iti e s a d ,

h e re d to the s ove re ign w hos e rul e w a s no doubt in a u gura te d

by th e ir dis gra c e a n d th e ir ba rba ri s m Th e co s tlin e ss o f .

the glory o f divin e a b s oluti s m i s a ga in illu s tra t e d i n th e

e volution o f the pr e m a tur e monoth e i s m w hich h a d fo r i ts ,

figu r e h e a d the dre a d J e hov a h w ho a s h e ir o f th e n a ture

-

, ,

god s b e ca m e re s pon s ibl e fo r th e mon s tro s iti e s o f a triba l

,

d e monol a try thu s be ing compe ll e d to fill s imu lta n e o u s ly

,

th e r l le s o f th e d e mon a n d th e la w give r 1
.

The tw o ta bl e s o f th e la w —o n e w ritt e n by J e hov i s t i c

th e ology the oth e r by the mora l s e n s e o f ma n k i nd
,

a s crib e d to thi s du a l d e ity fo r w ho m unity w a s s o fi e rc e ly ,

in s i s te d on ma y b e re a d in th e ir outcom e th ro u gh ou t th e
,

Bibl e .Th e y a r e h e re bri e fly i n a fe w e x a mpl e s s e t fo rth , ,

s id e by s id e .

TA BLE or J E HOVAH I . TA BLE o r J E H OV A H I I .

Ex od . x x x ii i . 27 . Sla y e v e ry E x od . x x . 13 .
‘
T ho u s h a lt n o t
ma n hi s br o the r , e v e r y ma n h is kill.
’

c o mp a n i o n , a n d e v e r y ma n hi s
n e i gh bo ur.
’

N um . x v .
32 .
‘
W h ile the c hi ldr e n
of I s r a e l w e r e i n the w ild e r n e s s,
th e y fo u n d a ma n tha t ga th e r e d

s ti c k s u po n Sa ba th D a y the b .

An d the y p u t h i m i n w a r d, be
c a u s e i t w a s n o t d e c la r e d w h a t

s h o u ld be d o n e to h im . An d the

1 E v e n his j e a lo u s c o mma n d a ga in st r i v al s, i n i ma g e s , ha d to be
’
, gr a v e n
ta k e n a lo n g w i th the sto r y o f La ba n ”
’
in ta ge s ( Ge n
s xx x i .
) w he I th o “811 G o d
me to La ba n , the i do la try n o t r e bu ke d
’
ca was ,
 TWO TA E LE s
‘

.
5 1

TABLE o r J E HOVAH I TABLE or J E H OVAH I I .

co n tin u ed .

Lo r d sa i d u n to M o se s , The an m
s ha ll be su re ly pu t to d e a th : a ll

th e c o n gr e ga ti o n s ha ll s to n e hi m
’
w i th sto n e s w i t h o u t the ca mp .

N e i the r thi s n o r the s i mila r p u n

i s h me n t fo r bla sphe my ( Le v .

i o n s o f ex
w e re e x e c u t i sti n g
la w . Fo r a fe a r ful i n s ta n c e of

mu r d e r i fli c te d
n on the i n n o c e n t,
an d a c c e pte d as a h u ma n sa c r i

fi ce b y J e ho v a h , se e 2 Sa m x x i . .

and fo r th e r ut b
a l mu r d e r o f

S h i me i , w ho de n o u n ce d an d te

s e n te d the c r i me w h i c h h u n g the
se v e n so n s of Sa u l be fo re the
Lo r d ,
’
se e 1 Ki n gs 11. Bu t the
ex a mple s a re ma n y .

I n the s to r y o f A br a h a m , Sa r a i, E x od . xx . 14 .
‘
Th o u sha lt n o t

a n d H a ga r ( Ge n . Lo t a n d co mmi ta d u lte ry .
’

Abr a ha m s
’
h is d a u ghter s
p r e s e n ta ti o n o f hi s w i fe to A bi mi
le c h th e s a me d o n e by I s a a c

( x x v i ), J u d a h , T a m a r

a n d o th e r ca s e s w h e r e th e gr o ss e s t

i
v o la ti o n s o f the se v e n th c o m

ma n d me n t go u n r e bu ke d by
J e h o v a h , w hi le i n c o n sta n t c o m
mu n i c a ti o n w i th the u il
g ty p a r ti e s,

w e se e ho w little the se c o n d ta ble

w a s s u pp o r te d by the fir st .

Th e ex to r ti o n s , fra u d s, an d Ex od . x x . 15 .
‘
Th o u sha lt n 0t
th e fts of J a c o b ( Ge n . x x v .
, x x v i i. , ste a l.
’

w br o u ghtu po n hi m the
hi c h
u n p a r a lle le d ble ss i n gs o f J e h o v a h

the p lu n d e r i n g o f N a ba l s p r o
’

pe r ty b y D a v id an d hi s fe llo w
ba n d i ts th e smi ti n g o f th e r o bbe d
fa r me r by J e h o v a h a n d th e ta k in g

of his tr e a c he r o u s w i fe by D a v i d
(1 Sa m . a r e n a r ra ti v e s be
fittin g a Bi ble o f fo o tpa d s.
5 3 CON TR AD I CTI ON S .

TABLE or J E HOVAH I . TABLE or J E H OVAH II .

J e ho v a h sa i d , W h o sh a ll d e c e i v e ‘
Ex od x x . . 1 6. Tho u sh a lt n ot

Aha b ? An d the r e c a me fo r th a
. bea r fa lse w itn ess a ga i n s t thy

sp i r i t, a n d s to o d be fo r e J e h o v a h, b o ur ’
n e i gh .

a n d s a i d , I w ill d e ce i v e h i m An d .

J e ho v a h sa i d , W he re w i th ? An d
he s a id , I w i ll go fo r th a n d be a
lyi n g s pi r i t in the mo u th o f a ll
th e se thy pr o ph e ts An d h e sa i d , .

Tho u s ha lt d e c e i v e hi m, a n d p r e
v a i l a ls o : go fo rth a n d d o so .

N o w , the r e fo r e , J e ho v a h h a th pu t
a lyi n g s p ir i t i n the mo u th o f a ll

th e s e th y p ro phe ts, a n d J e h o v a h
’
h a th s po ke n ev il c o n c e r n i n g th e e
( 1 K i n gs Se e E ze k. x x . 2 5.

D e ut xx . 10 1 8,
-
is a comple te Ex od . Tho u sha lt n o t
xx . 17 .
‘

i n str u c ti o n fo r i n v a s i o n , mu r d e r , c o v e t thy n e igh b o u r s ho u se , t

ho u
’

r a pi n e , e a ti n g the Spo il of th e in sha lt n o t c o v e t thy n e igh bo u r s

’

v a d e d, ta ki n g th e i r w iv e s, th e i r w i fe , n o r his ma n -
se r v a n t, n or hi s
c a ttle , &c .
, a ll su c h a s mightha v e ma i d -
ser v a n t, n o r his ox ,
n o r his
bee n p r o cl a i me d by a Supr e me a ss , n or an yth in g tha t i s th y
Ba shi Ba zo uk
-
. b
n e igh o u r s
’
.
’

In sta nc e s o f thi s dis cre p a ncy migh t be l a rge ly multi

pli e d A n y o n e w ho c a re s to purs u e the s ubj ec t ca n tr a c e
.

the building upon the pow e rful p e rs on a l J e hova h o f a

r e ligion o f hum a n s a crifice s a n a th e m a s a n d pri e s tly , ,

d e s poti s m ; w hil e a round the mora l rul e r a n d j udge o f

the s a m e n a m e w hos e p e rs on a lity i s more a n d more d is
,

r s e d in p a nth e i s tic a s c r iption s th e re gro w s the common

p e ,

la w a n d th e n the more mora l la w o f e quity a n d th e cor

, ,

re sponding s e ntim e nts w hich gr a du a lly e volve the i d e a o f -

a p a re nta l d e ity .

It i s obviou s tha t the more th is s e cond i d e a o f the d e ity

pre va il s the more he i s re ga rd e d a s m e rci ful long
,
‘
,
’ ‘

s u ffe ring a God o f truth a n d w ithout i n iquity j u s t a n d

’ ‘
, ,

r i ght d e lighting not in sa crific e bu t m e rci fuln e s s go od

’ ’
, ,
 PR O CE SS OF D E TA CE M E N T: 53

to a ll,
’
an hos e te nd e r m e rci e s a r e ove r a ll h is w orks
d w ,
’

a n d h a ving no pl e a s ure in the d e a th o f h i m tha t di e th

‘

th e l e s s w ill it b e pos s ibl e to s e e in the v e ry s a m e b e ing

th e ma n o f w a r god o f b a ttle s the j e a lou s a ngry

’ ’ ‘ ’ ’
, , , ,

fi r e bre a thing o n e w ho vi s its the s in s o f the fa the rs

‘ ’ ‘
-

u p o n the childre n w ho l a ugh s a t the ca l a miti e s o f me n a n d

’
,

mo ck s w h e n th e ir fe a r com e th It i s a s tructura l a c ce s
.

s i ty o f t h e hum a n mind tha t th e s e tw o s h a ll be gra du a lly

d e t a ch e d th e o n e fro m the oth e r From o n e o f the
.

J e hov a h s re pre s e nt e d in p a ra ll e l column s ca m e th e Fa th e r

w h om Chri s t a dore d : fro m the oth e r ca m e the D e vil he

a b h o rre d .
 ( 54 )

C H A PTE R V I .

THE C O N SU MI N G FI RE .

The She i n a h —J e w i sh d o ls— Attr i

k i bu te s o f the fie r y a n d cr u e l E lo h im
co mp a r e d D e v il— The p o w e r s o f e v il c o m in e d
w i th th o s e o f th e b
un de r a he a d —Co n ti n u i ty—The c o n s u mi n g fir e spi r itu a li s e d .

THAT A bra h a m w asFire w orshipp e r might b e s u s

a -

p e c t e d fro m th e imm e mori a l e f

f orts o f a ll Se mitic a u tho

r i ti e s to re li e ve him o f t ra dition a l conn e ction w ith th a t

p a rticu la r idol a try W h e n the good a n d e vil pow e rs w e re

.

be i n g di s tingui s h e d w e find the burnin g a n d th e bright

,

a s p e cts o f Fir e s e ve ra lly re ga rd e d The s ign o f J e ho v a h s

’
.

cove n a nt w ith A bra m includ e d both It ca me to p a s s

.
‘

th a t w h e n the s u n w e nt dow n a n d it w a s d a rk be hold a

, ,

s moking furn a c e a n d a burning l a mp th a t p a s s e d b e t w e e n

those pi e c e s (o f the s a crifice ) In the l e ge nd o f M o s e s

’
.

w e h a ve th e glory re s ting on Sin a i a n d th e burning bu s h ,

th e bu s h w hich it i s s p e ci a lly r e m a rk e d w a s not con ‘

, ,

s um e d a n e xc e ption a l circum s t a nc e in honour o f M o s e s

’
, .

To th e s e corre s pond e d th e Urim a n d Thummim m a rkin g ,

th e pri e s t a s s ource o f light a n d o f judgm e nt I n h is .

fa voura bl e a n d a dora bl e a s p e ct J e hova h w a s th e Brigh t

n e s s o f Fire Th is w a s the S h e kin a h
. In the T a rgu m .
,

Jon a th a n Be n Uzzi e l to the Proph e ts it i s s a id : The ,

‘

mount a in s tre mbl e d b e fore the Lord ; the mo u n ta in s

Ta bor H e rmon Ca rm e l s a id o n e to th e oth e r : Upo n me
, ,

the Sh e kin a h w ill re s t a n d to me w ill i t com e

, Bu t the .
 TH E SH E K I N AH .
55

She kin a h re ste d upo n M ount Si n a i w e a k e s t a n d s m a ll e s t ,

o f a ll the mount a in s Thi s Sin a i tre mbl e d a n d s hook

.
,

a n d i ts s mok e w e n t up a s the s mok e o f a n ov e n b e c a u s e ,

o f th e glo r y o f th e God o f I s ra e l w hich h a d m a ni fe s t e d

'

i t s e l f u pon i t The Brightn e s s p a s se d on to illumin e

1’
.

e v e r y e ve nt a ss oci a t e d w ith th e divin e pre s e nc e in Se miti c

mythology ; it w a s the glory o f th e L ord s hining from

’
‘

th e S t a r o f B e thl e h e m a n d th e figure o f the Tra n s ,

fi g u ra tion .

Th e Con s uming Fire a l s o h a d i ts d e ve lopm e nt A mon g .

th e s piritu a l it w a s s piritu a li s e d W ho a mong u s s h a l l .

‘

d w e ll w ith th e D e vo u ring Fire ? cri e s I s a i a h W ho ’

.
‘

a mong u s s h a ll d w e ll w ith th e E ve rl a s ti n g Burning s He

th a t w a lk e th righte o u s ly a n d s p e a k e th u prightly ; he th a t
d e s pi s e th the g a in o f oppre s s ion s th a t s h a k e th h i s h a nd s ,

from holding o f brib e s th a t s topp e th h is c a r s from h e a ri n g ,

o f blood a n d s hutt e th hi s e y e s from s e e ing e vil It w a s ’

.
,

by a pro sa ic rout e tha t the D e vouring Fire b e ca m e the

r e s id e nce o f the w ick e d .

A fte r J e robo a m ( 1 K i n gs xiii ) h a d built a lta rs to the .

E lohim und e r form o f Ca lve s a proph e t c a me out o f

, ,

J ud a h to d e nounc e the idol a try A n d he cri e d a ga in s t .

‘

th e a lt a r in the w ord o f J e hova h a n d s a id O a lt a r a l ta r ! , , ,

th u s s a ith J e hova h B e hold a ch ild s ha ll be born unto the

, ,

h ou s e o f D a vid Jo s i a h by n a m e ; a n d upon th e e s h a ll
,

h e o ffe r the pri e st s o f th e high pl a ce s th a t burn inc e n s e

u pon th e e a n d m e n s bon e s s h a ll be burn t u pon th e e
’ ’
, It .

w a s d e e m e d s o import a nt th a t thi s proph e cy s hould be

fu lfill e d in th e l e tte r w h e n it could n o long e r b e fulfill e d

,

i n r e a lity th a t s om e c e nturi e s l a t e r Jo s i a h dug up the

,

1
I t is n o t ce r ta in , i n de e d , w he the r this Br i ghtn e ss ma y n ot ha v e be en
te s ti mo n y
’
i fie d i n the l i n the E n glish
’
se pa ra te ly pe rso n Ed u th (tra n s a te d ‘

v er s i o n , Ex od . x v i
. be fo re w hi c h the po t o f ma n n a w a s la i d. The w o r d
me a n s br i gh tn e ss ,
’
an d Dr . W i llis su ppo s e s i t ma y be co n n e c te d h
w it Ad od ,
th e Phce n i c ia n Su n go d -

( P en tate u c h, p .
5 6 ] E WI SH I D OLs

bon e s o f the E loh i s tic pri e s t s a n d burn e d th e m u po n th e i r

long ruin e d a lta r s ( 2 K ings
-

Th e incid e nt i s s ignific a nt both on a ccount o f th e pro ,

p h e ts
’
p e r s onific a tion o f th e a lt a r a n d th e in s t i tuti on o f a ,

s ort o f G e h e nn a in conn e ction w ith it The p e r s o n i fic a .

tion a n d the G e h e nn a b e ca m e much more com pl e te a s

tim e w e nt on The J e w s origin a lly ha d no D e vil a s
. ,

i nd e e d ha d n o ra c e s a t firs t ; a n d thi s fo r th e obviou s

re a s on th a t th e ir s o ca ll e d god s w e re quite e qu a l to a n y
-
‘

mora l e vils th a t w e re to be a ccount e d fo r a s w e h a ve ,

a lre a dy s e e n th e y w e re a d e qu a t e to e xpl a in a ll phy s ica l

e vil s . But the a nta goni s ts o f the mora l J e hova h w e re

r e cogni se d a n d p e rs onifi e d w ith incre a s ing cl e a rn e s s a n d ,

w e re quit e pre pa re d fo r conn e ction w ith a n y G e n e ra l

w h o might be th e ore tic a lly propos e d fo r th e ir l e a d e rs h i p .

W h e n the J e w s c a m e u nd e r the influ e nc e o f P e r s i a n

th e ology the a r c hfie n d w a s e l e ct e d a n d a ll th e E l o h im ,

M oloch D a go n As t a rt e Ch e mos h a n d th e r e s t— to ok
, , , ,

th e ir pl a ce und e r hi s re be lliou s e n s ign .

The d e s criptions o f the D e vil i n the Bibl e a r e ma i nly

borrow e d from the e a rly d e s criptions o f the E lohi m a n d ,

o f J e hova h in h i s E lohis tic ch a ra ct e r 1

I n th e s u bj o in e d .

p a ra ll e l s I follow th e re ce ive d E ngli sh ve rs ion .

te mp te d
‘
Ge n . x x n. 1. Go d M a tt i v . . 1 .
‘
The n w as J e s u s led
Ab ra ha m
’
. up i n to the w i ld e r n e s s to be
te mpte d o f the d e v i l ’
. Se e a lso
1 Co r . v ii . 5 , 1 The s . i ii 5 ,
. J a me s
1. 1 3.

E x od . v 3
.
‘
I (J e h o v a h ) w ill J o hn x iii
Th e d e v i l h a v i n g
. 2.
‘

h a r d e n Pha r : o h s he a r t
’
. v 1 3, . n ow p u ti n to th e h e a r to f J uda s Is

Si mo n
‘
H e ha r d e n e d P ha r a o h s he a r t
’ ’
c a r i o t, be tr a y hi m
’
.
s s o n , to .

1
I tis impo r ta n t n o t to c o n fus e Sa ta n w i th the D e v i l, so fa r a s the Bi ble is
c o n c e rn e d. Sa ta n , a s w i ll be se e n w he n w e co me to the s pec i a l tr e a tme n t o f
h i m re qu i re d, is by n o me a n s i n v a r ia bly di a o li ca l b
I n the Bo o k o f J o b, fo r .

e x a mp le , he a p pe a rs in a c ha ra c t e r fa r re mo v e d fro m ho s ti li t to J e ho v a h or y
go o dn e ss .
 j E I I O VAI LE L OE I N .
57

1 Ki n gs x x u . 2 3. Be h o ld the Jo hn v i i i 44 He ( the d e v i l) i s
. .

’
lyin g s p i r i t i n lia r a n d s o i s h i s fa the r
’
Lo r d ha th p u t a a ,
c o n

th e mo u th o f a ll the se th y pr o ti n n e s the s e n te n c e , by r i ght o f

p h e ts , a n d th e Lo r d ha th s po k e n tra n s la ti o n ) 1 Ti m. i ii 2 , s la n
‘
. .

m 2 Ti m ii i 3,
’
d e r e r s (d ia bo lo u s )
’
ev il co n c e r n i n g the . E ze k . x iv . . . .

9 . I f the
‘
p p
r o h e t be d e c e i v e d fa lse a c c u s e rs ( d i a b o lo i ) Als o .

w he n he ha th s po e n a thi n g, I k Ti tu s ii 3, Vo n Ti s c h e n d o r f tr a n s
.

th e Lo r d ha v e d e c e i v e d tha t pr o la te s c a lu mn i a to r s .
’

p h e t, an d I w i ll str e tc h o u t my
ha n d u po n him, an d w ill d e s tro y
h i m fr o m the mid sto f my pe o ple ’
.

I sa . x lv .
7
‘
I m a
. k e pe a c e a n d M a tt . x i ii .
38 . The ta r e s a re

c r e a te e v il . I th e Lo r d d o a ll the c h i ldr e n o f the w i c e d o n e k .

’

the s e thi n gs .
’
Amo s i i i 6 . . Sha ll 1 J o hn iii 8 . . H e tha tc o mmi tte th
th e r e be ev il i n a c ity an d the s in is d e v il ; fo r th e d e v il
o f the

Lo r d ha th n o t d o n e i t? 1 Sa m
’
. s i n n e th fr o m the e gin n in g ’
b .

x v i 14
‘
An e v il s pi r it fr o m the
. .

Lo r d tr o u ble d h i m ( Sa u l)
’
.

E x o d x i i 2 9 Atmi d n ight the

‘
. . . J o hn v i ii .
44 . He ( the d e v il)
Lo r d s mo te a ll the fi rs tbo r n o f was a mu rd e re r fr o m the be gin
n i n g.
’ ’
E gy p t . Ve r .
30 . The r e w as a

gr e a t cr y i n E gyp t; fo r the r e

was n ot a ho u s e w he r e the r e
’
w a s n o to n e d ea d . Ex od . x xx i ii .

2 7 . L
Th u s
o r d Go d o f s a i th th e

I s r a e l, Pu t e v e r y ma n hi s sw o r d
i
b y h i s s d e , a n d go i n a n d o u t
fr o m ga te to ga te thr o u gho u t th e
ca mp , an d s la y e v e ry ma n h is
br o th e r ,
m a n an d e v ery hi s c o m
p a n i o n , a n d e v er
y ma n hi s n e i gh

bo u r .
’

Ex o d. v i 9 Ta k e thy
. . r od a n d Rev 7, &. c T h
x 11.e re w a s wa r .

ca s t it be fo r e Pha ra o h an d it i n h e a v e n M i c h a e l a n d h i s a n ge ls
s h a ll be c o me a s e r pe n t.
’
Ve r . 12. fo u gh t a ga i n s t the d r a go n .

‘
‘
Aa r o n
’
s r o d s w a llo w e d u p the i r An d the gre a t d ra go n w a s c a s t
r o d s.
’
N um . x x i 6
. .
‘
J e ho v a h se n t o ut, th a t o ld s e r pe n t, ca lle d th e
fie r y s e r pe n ts ( Se ra p hi m ) a mo n g D e v i l, an d Sa ta n , w h i c h d e c e i v e th
th e p e o ple .
’
V e r 8 An d th e Lo r d
. .
‘
the w h o le w o r ld. W oe to
sa id u n to M o s e s , M a ke the e a the i n h a i te rs b o f the e a r th an d
fie r y se r pe n t
, a n d se t it u po n a o f the s ea fo r the d e v il h a s co me
p o le : a n d i t s ha ll co me to pa s s , d o w n to yo u, ha v i n g gr e a t w r a th .
’

tha t ev e r y o n e tha tis bitte n , w hen

5 8 F I RE BRE A TH I N G -

j E H O VAH .

h e loo ke th i t, ’
u po n s h a ll li v e .

( Th i s se r pe n t w as w o r sh i pp e d

u n til d e stro ye d by H e ze i a h, k
2 K i n gs x v i ii .
) Co mp a r e Je r .

v ii i . 1 7, Ps . cx lv i i i .
,
P ra i se y e th e

Lo r d fr o m the
’
ea rth, ye d r a go n s .

Ge n . x ix . 24 . The Lo r d ra i n e d M a tt x . x v .
41 .
‘
D e pa r tfr o m me,
u po n So d o m an d G o mo r r a h y e c u r se d, i n to e v e r la sti n g fi re ,

br imsto n e an d fir e fr o m the Lo r d r
p pe a r e d fo r the d e v i l a n d hi s
o u to f he a v e n .
’
D e u t iv . . 24 . Th e an ge ls .
’
M a r k i x 44 . .
‘
W he r e the ir
Lo r d th y G o d i s a c o n s u mi n g fir e .
’
w or m d i e th n o t, an d the fir e i s
Ps x i 6
. U p o n the w i c e d he
. . k n o tq u e n c h e d .
’
Re v . x x . 10 .
‘
An d
s ha ll ra in sn a r e s , fir e a n d b r im th e d e v il tha td e c e iv e th th e m w a s
Ps iii 8 Th e r e i n to th e la k e of fir e
’
s to n e . . x v . . w en t c a st an d
up a s mo ke o ut o f his n o s tr ils .
’
br imsto n e .
’
I n Re v i x . . Ab a dd o n ,
Ps . x cv A fir e go e th b e fo r e
ii 3. . or Ap o llyo n , i s r e pr e s e n te d a s the
hi m, a n d b u rn e th u p h i s e n e mi e s k i n g o f the s c o r p i o n to r me n to r s ;
ro u n d a bo u t .
’
E ze k . x x x v iii . 1 9, an d th e dia bo li ca l h o rs e s, w i th

&c . F o r in my j e a lo u s y a n d i n , s ti ni
g gn s e r pe n t ta i ls , a re de

the fir e o f my w r a th , h a v e I b
sc ri e d a s k illi n g w i th th e s mo k e
spo ke n . I w ill ple a d a ga i n st a n d b r i msto n e i ssu i n g fr o m the ir
hi m w i th p e s ti le n c e an d w i th mo u ths .

blo o d ,
an d I w i ll r a in u po n h im
fir e an d b r imsto n e.
’
I sa .

x x x .
33 .
‘
To p h e t i s o r d a in e d o f

o ld ; y e a ,
fo r th e i s i t pr e k in g
p a r e d : he h a th ma d e i t d e e p
a n did e ; th e p i le the r e o f i s fir e
w

a n d mu c h w o o d ; the r e a th o f b
the Lo r d , li ke a s tr e a m o f br i m
d o th ki n d le i t
’
s to n e , .

In a ddition to the a bove p a s sa g e s ma y be ci te d a nota bl e

s a g e from P a ul s E pi s tl e to the Th e s s a loni a n s ii ’

p a s
( .

Le t no ma n d e c e ive you by a n y m e a n s : fo r th a t d a y ( o f
Chri s t) s h a ll n o t com e e xce pt th e re com e a fa lling a w a y ,

fi rs t a n d th a t ma n o f s i n be re ve a l e d th e s o n o f p e rd ition ;
, ,

w h o opp o s e th a n d e x a lt e th him s e l f a bove a ll th a t i s c a ll e d

God or th a t is w ors hipp e d ; s o th a t he a s God s itte th

, , ,

in the te mpl e o f God s how ing him s e l f th a t he i s G o d , .

R e m e mbe r y e not th a t w h e n I w a s y e t w ith you I told y o u , ,

 E L OH I S T S UE VI VAL S .
59

th e s e thi n gs ? A n d n o w y e kno w w h a t w ithhold e th th a t

h e might be r e ve a l e d i n hi s tim e F o r the myste ry o f
.

i n i q uity doth a lr e a dy w ork only h e w ho n o w le tt e th w ill

le t u ntil he be t a k e n out o f the w a y : a n d th e n s ha ll th a t
,

W ick e d be re v e a l e d w hom the Lord s ha ll con s um e w it h

,

th e s pi r it o f hi s mo u th a n d s h a ll d e s troy w ith th e bri ght

,

n e s s o f h i s comi n g : e v e n him w ho s e coming i s a ft e r th e

w o rking o f Sa t a n w ith a ll po w e r
,
a n d s ign s a n d l yin g
, ,

w o n d e rs a n d w ith a ll th e d e c e iva bl e n e s s o f unright e ou s

,

n e s s in th e m th a t p e ri s h ; b e ca u s e th e y re ce ive d not the

l ov e o f the truth th a t th e y might be s a ve d

, A n d fo r thi s .

c a u s e God s h a ll s e nd th e m stron g d e l u s ion th a t th e y s hould

,

b e li e ve a li e ; th a t th e y a ll might be d a mn e d w ho b e li e ve d
not the t r uth but ha d pl e a s ure in unrighte ou s n e ss
, .
’

T hi s r e m a rka bl e utte ra nc e s how s ho w pot e nt w a s th e

s u rviv a l in the mind o f P a ul o f th e old E lohi s t b e li e f .

A lthough the a nci e nt d e ity w ho d e ce iv e d proph e ts to

,

th e i r d e s truction a n d s e nt forth lyi n g s pirits w ith th e ir

,

s tro ng d e lu s io n s w a s d e thron e d a n d outl a w e d he w a s

, ,

s till a pow e r ful cl a im a nt o f e mpire h a unting the te mpl e

, ,

a n d s e tting him s e lf up th e re in a s God H e w ill b e con s um e d

.

by Chri s t s bre a th w h e n the d a y o f triumph com e s ; but

’

me a n w hil e he i s n o t only a llo w e d gre a t po w e r in the

e a rth ,but utili s e d by th e tru e God w ho e ve n s o fa r c o ,

o pe ra t e s w ith th e fa l s e a s to s e nd on s om e me n s tron g
‘

d e lu s ion s a w orking o f e rr or Vo n Ti s ch e ndorf tra n s la t e s)

’

,
’
,

in ord e r th a t th e y ma y b e li e ve the lie a n d be d a m n e d P a ul .

s p e a k s o f th e mys t e ry o f iniquity but it is not s o ve ry

mys t e riou s w h e n w e co n s id e r the a nt e ce d e nts o f h is id e a .

Th e d a rk probl e m o f the origin o f e vil a n d i ts continu a nc e ,

i n th e unive rs e und e r th e ru l e o f a mora l gov e rnor s till thre w ,

i ts i mpe n e tra bl e s h a do w a cros s th e hum a n mind It w a s .

a t e rribl e re a lity vi s ibl e in the indi ffe re n c e or ho s tility

,

w ith w hich the n e w go s p e l w a s me t on th e p a rt o f the

60 UN I F ! CA TI ON OF E VI I . P O WE R S

culture d a n d po w e rful ; a n d i t could only th e n be e x

pl a in e d a s a my s te riou s provi s ion a l a rra nge m e nt conn e cte d
w ith s om e divin e purpo s e fa r a w a y in the d e pth s o f the

u nive rs e But the pa ss a ge quote d fro m Th e ss a loni a n s

.

s ho w s pl a inly th a t a ll tho s e e a rly tra dition s a bout th e

divin e ly d e c e ive d proph e ts a n d lying s pirits se nt for th ,

from J e hova h E lohim ha d fin a lly in Pa ul s tim e be com e

’
, , ,

m a rs h a ll e d und e r a l e a d e r a pe rs o n a l M a n o f S i n ; bu t
,

thi s l e a d e r w hil e oppos ing Chri s t s kingdom i s i n s om e

,
’

my s t e riou s w a y a commi ss ion e r o f God .

W e ma y re m a rk h e re the b e a uti fu l continuity by w hich ,

through a ll the s e s h a dow s o f te rror a n d va pours o f s p e c u

l a tion clouding the glow o f h e a ve n the unqu e nch a bl e
,
‘ 1
,
’

id e a ! from firs t to l a s t is s te a dily a s ce nding .

On e or thre e things s a ys the Ta lmud w e r e b e fo r e

’ ‘
, ,

this w orld — W a te r Fire a n d W ind W a t e r be ga t th e

, , .

D a rkn e ss Fire b e ga t L ight a n d W ind b e ga t th e Spiri t

, ,

o f W i s dom Thi s h a d b e com e the ra tion a li s tic tr a n s la

’
.

tion by a crud e s ci e nce o f the primitive d e mon s o nce ,

b e li e ve d to h a ve cre a t e d the h e a ve n s a n d the e a rth I n th e .

proc e s s w e find the force s outl a w e d i n the ir w ild a ction ,

but be coming the choir o f God in th e ir q u i e t a ctio n

1 K ings xix 1 1 1 3 — A n d he s a id Go forth a n d s ta nd
. .
‘
, ,

upon the mount be fore the Lord A n d be hold the L o rd .

, ,

p a ss e d by a n d a gre a t a n d s trong w ind re nt the m o u n

,

ta in s a n d bra k e in pi e c e s the rocks b e fore the Lo rd ;

,

but the L ord w a s not i n the w ind a n d a fte r the w ind a n

e a r thqu a k e ; but th e Lord w a s not in th e e a rthqu a k e :

a n d a fte r th e e a rthqu a k e a fir e ; but the Lord w a s n o t i n

the fir e : a n d a fte r th e fir e a s till s ma ll voic e A n d it w a s .

so w h e n E lij a h h e a rd it th a t h e w ra pp e d hi s fa c e i n hi s
, ,

ma n tl e .
’

1
N a me is t Scha ll u n d Ra n c h,
U mn e be ln d H i mm l
e sglu th — GOETHE . .
 CON TI N UI TY . 61

Bu t ma n mu st h a ve a philos ophica l a s w e ll a s a mora l

d e v e lopm e nt : the hum a n mind could n o t long e ndure this
e l e m e nt a l a n a rchy It a sk e d I f the L ord be not in the
.
,

h u rrica n e the e a rthqu a k e the volca nic fl a m e w ho i s

, , ,

th e re in Thi s i s the a n s w e r o f th e Ta rgu m : 1

A n d he s a id A ri s e a n d s t a nd on th e mounta in be fore
,

th e L ord A n d God r e ve a l e d him se l f : a n d b e fore him a

.

h o s t o f a nge l s o f the w ind cl e a ving the mount a in a n d ,

br e a king the rock s b e fore the Lord ; but not in the hos t
o f a ng e l s w a s the Sh e chin a h A n d a fte r the hos t o f .

th e a ng e l s o f the w ind c a m e a hos t o f a ng e l s o f com

motion ; but not in the hos t o f the a n ge l s o f commotion

w a s th e Sh e chin a h o f the L ord A n d a ft e r th e a ng e l s o f .

c o mmotion c a m e a hos t o f a ng e l s o f fi r e ; but not in the

h o s t o f a ng e l s o f fir e w a s the Sh e ch in a h o f the L ord .

B u t a ft e r th e ho s t o f th e a ng e l s o f th e fir e c a m e voice s
s i n ging in s il e nc e A n d it w a s w h e n E lij a h h e a rd thi s h e
.

h i d hi s fa c e in h i s m a ntl e
’
.

The mora l s e ntim e nt t a k e s a noth e r s te p in a dva nce

w ith the unkno w n but a rti s tic w rit e r o f the E pi stl e to the

H e bre w s M os e s h a d d e s cribe d God a s a

. con s uming ‘

fi r e ; a n d the s ight o f the glory o f the Lord w a s lik e

’ ‘

d e vouring fir e on th e top o f the mount in the e y e s o f the

c h ildre n o f I s ra e l ( E xod xxiv
’
W h e n n e xt w e m e e t
. .

th i s phra s e it i s w ith thi s w rit e r w ho s e e k s to s up e rs e d e ,

’

w h a t M o s e s ( tra dition a lly) built up W hos e voic e he .

‘
,
’

s a ys th e n s hook the e a rth ; but n o w he h a th promi s e d

‘
, ,

s a ying Y e t once more I sh a k e n o t the e a rth only but

, ,

a l s o h e a ve n A n d thi s w ord y e t onc e more s ign ifie th ‘ ’

.
, ,

th e re moving o f thos e things th a t a r e s h a k e n a s o f things ,

th a t a r e ma d e th a t those w hich ca nnot be s h a k e n ma y

,

r e m a in For our God i s a con s uming fire ’

. .

Ta r gu m to the Pr o phe ts J o n a tha n Be n Uzzi el See D e u tsc h s Li te ra ry

’
1 ’
.
,

Re ma i n s. p 379 ’
62 TH E F I R E S PI R I TUALI SE D .

Ou r God
l o cri e s e a ch gre a t re vol u tion th a t a d
a s

va nc e s H is cons u ming w ra th is not n o w dire cte d a ga in st

.

ma n b u t the e rrors w hich a r e m a n s only e n e mi e s : th e

,
’

lightnings o f the n e w Sin a i w hil e the y e n lighte n the e a rth

, ,

s mit e the old h e a ve n o f hum a n fa i th a n d im a gi n a ti o n ,

s hriv e lling i t lik e a burnt s croll

In thi s nin e te e n th c e ntury w h e n the old h e a ve n a mi d

, ,

w hich thi s fi e ry pill a r glo w e d i s a g a i n s ha k e n the a n c ie n t

, ,

phra s e ha s s till i ts m e a ning The R u s s i a n To u r ge n ie fi

.

re pre se nts tw o fri e nd s w ho h a d s tudi e d toge th e r i n e a rly

li fe th e n pa rt e d a ccid e nt a lly m e e ting once more fo r a
, ,

s ingl e night Th e y compa re note s a s to w h a t th e long

.

i n te rv e ning ye a rs h a ve ta ught th e m ; a n d o n e s um s his

e xp e ri e nc e in the w ord s I ha ve burn e d w h a t I u s e d to
w ors hip a n d w ors hip w h a t I u s e d to burn Th e nove lis t
’
.
,

a r t fu lly re produc e s fo r thi s a ge a s e nt e nc e a s s oci a t e d w i th

a cri s i s in the re ligiou s hi s to r y o f E urop e Clovi s K ing o f .

,

the Fra nk s invok e d th e God o f h i s w i fe Clotild a to a i d

,

h i m a ga in s t the G e rm a n s vow ing to b e com e a chri s ti a n i f

,

s ucc e s s ful ; a n d w h e n a ft e r h i s victory h e w a s b a ptiz e d

, ,

a t R h e im s St R e my s a id to him
, . Bo w thy h e a d m e e kly ,

S ica mbri a n ; burn w h a t tho u h a s t w orshippe d a n d w ors hip ,

w h a t thou h a s t burn e d ! Clovi s follo w e d the Bi s hop s

’

a dvic e in lite ra l fa shion ca rrying fi r e a n d s w ord a mid h is

,

o ld fri e nd s th e P a ga ns right z e a lou s ly But the e r a h a s .

com e in w hich tha t w hich Clovi s s w ord a n d St R e my s ’

.
’

th e ology se t up fo r w ors hip i s be ing con s um e d in i ts tu r n .

To u r ge n i e ff s youth s a r e con s u ming th e a lt a r on w hich

’

th e ir fore runn e rs w e re con s um e d A n d in thi s r e kindl e d

.

fl a m e the w orld n o w s e e s s hrive lli n g the h e a v e n s o nce

fre s h but n o w re fl e cting th e a ggre ga te s e lfi s hn e ss o f ma n
,

kind the h e ll s re pre s e nting th e ir a ggre ga t e co w a rdice a n d

, ,

fe e d s i ts n obl e r fa ith w ith thi s vi s ion o f th e e te rn a l fir e

w hich e ve rmore c o n s um e s the fa ls e a n d re fin e s the w orld .
 C H APTE R V I I .

P ARAD I SE AN D THE SE RPEN T .

H e r a kle s a n d Athe n a i n h o ly p i c tu r e H u ma n
a -
s ign ifi c a n c e of E de n
— The le ge n d i n G e n e s i s pu zzli n g Si le n c e — of la te r bo o ks con

c e rn i n g i t—I t
s V e di c e le me n ts —I ts plex
a n a t o n — E pi s o d e oif th e
—
M a habhar a ta Sc a n d i n a v i a n —
v a r i a n t The n a me o f Ada m — The
s to r y te r e a
- —
d Ra bb i n i c a l in te r p r e ta ti o n s .

M O N TFAU CO N ha s mong his pl a te s o n e (x x ) re pre s e nt

a

i n g a n a ntiqu e a ga t e w hich h e s uppos e s to re pre se nt Z e u s

a n d A th e n a but w hich prob a bly re l a te s to the myth o f
,

H e ra kl e s a n d A th e n a in the ga rd e n o f He s p e rid e s The .

h e ro h a ving p e n e tra te d thi s g a rd e n s l a ys the dra gon w hich ,

g u a r d s i ts im mort a lis ing fruit but w h e n he ha s ga th e re d

,

th is fruit A th e n a ta k e s it fro m him l e s t ma n s h a ll e a t it ,

a n d s h a re the immort a lity o f th e god s In thi s d e s ig n .

th e tw o s t a nd on e ith e r s id e o f the tre e a round w hich a ,

s e rp e n t i s tw in e d from root to bra nch e s Th e hi s tory .

w hich M ont fa ucon giv e s o f the a ga t e i s o f e qu a l int e re s t

w ith the d e s ign it s e l f It w a s found in a n old Fre nch

.

c a th e dra l w h e re it h a d long be e n pre s e rve d a n d s how n a s

,

a holy picture o f the Te mpta tion It w ould a ppe a r a ls o .

to h a ve pre viou s ly d e c e ive d s om e ra bbin s fo r on the bord e r ,

i s w ritte n in H e bre w ch a ra cte rs much more mod e rn th a n ,

th e c e ntra l figure s The w om a n s a w th a t the tre e w a s

,

good fo r food a n d th a t it w a s pl e a sa nt to the e ye s a n d a

, ,

tre e to be d e s ire d to m a k e o n e w i se .
’

Th i s mys ti fic a ti o n a b o u t a d e si gn c o n c e rn in g w hose ,
64 M AN AN D GARD E N

origin a nd d e s ign th e re i s n o w no doubt i s s ignifica n t, .

T he fa bl e o f P a ra di se a n d the Se rp e n t i s it s e l f more d li ii
cult to tr a ce so m a ny h a ve b e e n the ra c e s a n d r e ligi o n s
,

w hich h a v e fra m e d it w ith th e ir holy te xts a n d pr e s e r v e d

i t in the ir s a cre d pre cincts I n i ts e ss e nce no d o ubt the

.
, ,

s tory grow s from a unive rs a l e xp e ri e nc e ; in th a t a s pe ct i t

i s a mys tica l ro s e th a t s p e a ks a ll l a ngu a g e s W h e n ma n .

fi rs t a pp e a rs h is count e rp a rt i s a g a rd e n Th e mora l
—
.

n a ture m e a n s ord e r The w ild forc e s o f n a t u re the

.

—
E lohim build no fe nce forbid no fruit , Th e y s a y to
.

ma n a s the s upre m e a nim a l S ubdu e the e a rth ; e ve r y

,

tre e a n d h e rb s ha ll be your m e a t ; e ve ry a nim a l yo u r

s l a ve ; be fruit ful a n d multiply But from th e conflict
.

the more r e a l ma n e m e rg e s a n d h i s s ig n i s a ga rd e n
,

h e dge d in from the w ild e rn e ss a n d a se p a ra tion be tw e e n

,

good a n d e vi l .

The form in w hich th e l e g e nd a ppe a rs in the Book o f

Ge n e s i s pre se nts o n e s id e in w hich it i s s impl e a n d
n a tura l. Thi s h a s a lre a dy b e e n s ugge s t e d (vol i p . . .

But the l e ge nd o f ma n d e fe nding h is re fuge from w ild

b e a s ts a ga i n s t the mos t s ubtl e o f th e m i s he re ove rl a id by
a myth in w hich it pl a y s th e l e a s t p a rt The mind w hich
.

re a d s it by s uch light a s ma y be obt a in e d only from

biblic a l s ource s c a n h a rdl y fa il to be n e w ly puzzl e d a t
e v e ry s t e p
. So m u ch ind e e d is con fe ss e d in the e ndl e ss
, ,

and dive rs e th e ologica l th e ori e s w hich the s tory ha s

e licite d. W h a t i s the m e a ning o f the curse o n the
Se rp e nt tha t i t s hould fo r e ve r cra w l th e re a fte r ? H a d
it not cra w l e d pre viou s ly ? Why w a s th e Tre e o f the
know l e dge o f Good a n d E vil forbidd e n ? W hy w he n i ts ,

fruit w a s t a s t e d s hould the Tre e o f L i fe h a ve b e e n fo r the

,

fi rs t tim e forbidd e n a n d j e a lou s ly gu a rd e d Th e s e r iddl e s

a r e no w h e re s olve d i n th e Bibl e a n d h a v e b e e n l e ft to the
,

fa nci ful i nve nti o n s o f th e ologi a n s a n d th e i n ge nu i ty o f

 A P UZZLI N G LE GE N D . 65

ra bbin s D r A d a m Cl a rke thought the Se rp e nt w a s a n

. .

a p e b e fore h i s s in a n d m a ny r a bbin s conclud e d h e w a s

,

c a m e l s ha pe d ; but the re m a ini n g e nig ma s h a ve be e n

-

fa irly giv e n u p .

Th e a nci e n t J e w s th e y w h o w rot e a n d compil e d the

,

Old Te s ta m e n t more c a ndid th a n th e ir mod e rn d e

,

s c e n d a n ts a n d our omni s ci e n t chri s ti a n s s il e ntly con fe s s e d

,

th e ir in a bility to m a k e a nything out o f thi s s n a k e s tory -

.

Fro m the t hird ch a pte r o f G e n e s i s to the l a s t ve rs e o f

M a l a chi th e s tory i s not once a llud e d to ! S uch a ph e no
me non w ould h a ve be e n impo s s ibl e ha d thi s l e ge nd be e n
i n dige nou s w ith the H e bre w ra c e It w a s cl e a rly a s a .

b ould e r a mong th e m w hich ha d flo a t e d from r e gion s littl e

k no w n to th e ir e a rli e r w rit e rs ; a ft e r lying n a k e d throu gh
ma ny a g e s it be ca m e ov e rgrow n w ith ra bbinica l lich e n a n d
,

mo s s a n d a t the chri s ti a n e r a w hil e it s e e m e d p a rt o f

, , ,

th e H e b r e w l a nd s ca p e it w a s e xc e ption a l e nough to
,

r e c e iv e s p e ci a l r e v e r e nc e a s a holy s ton e Th a t it w a s .

ma d e the corn e r s ton e o f chri s ti a n th e o logy ma y be to

-

s om e e xt e nt e xpl a in e d by the principl e o f o mn e i gn o tu m

p r o m i r i fico But . th e bould e r it s e l f c a n o n ly be e xp la in e d

b y tra ci n g it to th e mythologic form a tion from w hich it
c rumbl e d .

H o w w ou ld a Pa rs i e xpl a i n the curse on a s n a k e w hich

c ond e mn e d it to cra w l H e w ould e a s ily give u s e vid e nce
th a t a t the tim e w h e n mo s t o f tho se H e bre w Scriptur e s

w e re w ritt e n w ithout a llu s ion to s uch a

, Se rp e nt th e ,

a nci e nt P e rs i a n s b e li e ve d th a t A hrim a n h a d t e mpt e d th e

firs t ma n a n d w om a n through h is e vil m e di a tor hi s a n ,

o int e d s o n As h M ogh the tw o foot e d Se rpe nt

‘ ’
- -
, , .

But le t u s pa s s be yond the Pe rs i a n le ge nd ca rrying ,

th a t a n d th e biblica l s tory toge th e r fo r s ubmi s s ion to the ,

criticis m o f a Brahm a n H e w ill te ll u s tha t thi s A s h .

M ogh o f the Pa rs i i s m e re ly the a nci e nt A es hm a d a eva -

V OL I I . . E
66 VE D I C E L E M E N TS .

of the A ve s t a ,
hich in turn is Ahi the gre a t Ve di c
w ,

Se rp e nt mon s t e r w ho m Ind ra
-
pros tra t e d be ne a th the
fe e t o f t e h s tre a m h e h a d s e —
ob truct d e ve r y s tre a m
h a ving i ts d e ity H e w ould re mind u s tha t the V e da s
.

d e s cribe the e a rli e s t dra gon s l a ye r Ind ra a s cru sh ing -

, ,

the h e a d o f his e n e my a n d th a t thi s figure o f th e god ,

w ith h is h e e l on a Se rp e nt s h e a d h a s b e e n fa mili a r to h i s
’

r a ce from ti me imm e mori a l A n d he w ould th e n te ll .

u s to re a d the R ig Ve d a v 32 a n d the M a habhara ta

-

, .
, ,

a n d w e w ould find a ll the e l e m e nt s o f th e s tory told i n

Ge n e s is .

I n the hy mn re fe rre d to w e find a gra phic a ccount o f

ho w w h e n A hi w a s s l e e ping o n the w a t e rs he obs tr ucte d
, ,

I ndra hurl e d a t him his thund e rbolt It s a ys th a t w h e n .

I ndra ha d a nn ihila te d the w e a pon o f th a t mighty b ea s t

‘

from hi m (Ahi) a noth e r more po w e r ful conc e iving h i m

, , ,

se l f o n e a n d unm a tch e d w a s g e n e ra t e d Thi s w ra th born

’
-
, .

a w a lk e r i n d a rkn e s s h a d m a n a g e d to ge t hold o f
’ ’
so n , ,

the s a cre d So ma the pl a nt monop o li s e d by th e god s a n d

, ,

h a ving drunk thi s j u ice h e la y s lumbe ring a n d e nve lo p ,

i n g the w orld a n d th e n fi e rc e Indra se iz e d upon hi m

’ ‘ ’
, ,

a n d h a ving p r e viou s ly di s cove re d the vita l p a rt o f h i m

‘

w ho thought him s e l f in v uln e ra bl e stru ck th a t i nca rn a

’
,

tion o f m a ny form e d Ahi a n d h e w a s ma d e the lo w es t qf

-

,
‘

ll
’
a c r ea tu r es .

Bu t o n e p e ru s e d the philologi ca l biogra phy o f

w ho ha s
’

A hi a lre a dy give n vol 1 p 357 w ill not s uppo s e th a t thi s w a s

, . . .
,

the e n d o f him W e mu s t n o w con s id e r in fu rthe r d e ta i l

.

th e gre a t e pi s od e o f the M a h abh ara ta to w hich re fe re nc e ,

h a s be e n m a d e in othe r conn e ction s 1

D uring the D e l u ge .

th e mos t pre ciou s tre a s ure o f th e god s the A mrita th e , ,

a mbros i a th a t re nd e re d th e m i mmort a l w a s lo s t a n d th e , ,

poe m re l a te s ho w the D e va s a n d As ura s othe r w is e god s ,

1
See pp 46 a n d 2 55
. . The e
piso de is in M a hébhi r a ta , I . 1 5.
 H AH AE H AR A TA E PI S OD E . 67

an d rp e nts toge th e r ch u rn e d the oc e a n fo r i t Th e re

se , .

w e re tw o gre a t mounta in s — M e ru th e gold e n a n d b e a n ,

ti ful a dorn e d w ith h e a ling pl a n ts pl e a s a nt s tre a m s a n d

, ,

tre e s u n a ppro a ch a bl e by the s in ful gu a rd e d by s e rp e nts ;

, ,

M a nd a r rocky cove re d w ith ra n k v e g e t a tion in fe s t e d by

, , ,

s a va g e b e a s t s The firs t i s the a bod e o f the go d s th e l a s t o f

.
,

d e mon s To find the s ubm e rg e d A mrita i t w a s n e ce s s a ry

.

to u proot M a u d a r a n d u s e it to churn th e oc e a n Thi s .

w a s don e by ca lling on th e K ing Se rp e nt A n a nt a w ho ,

c a ll e d in th e a i d o f a noth e r gre a t s e rp e nt V as u ki the l a tte r , ,

b e i n g u s e d a s a rope coiling a n d uncoiling to w hirl the

m ount a in A t l a s t the A mrit a a pp e a re d Bu t th e re a l s o
. .

s tr e a m e d fo r th from the oc e a n b e d a t e rribl e s t e nch a n d

v e n om w hich w a s s pre a ding through th e univ e rs e w h e n

,

S iv a s w a llo w e d it to s a ve m a kind n — th e drug h a vi n g ,

s ta i n e d h i s thro a t blu e w h e nc e h i s e pi th e t Blu e N e ck ’

, .

W h e n the A s ura s s a w the A mrit a th e y cl a im e d it ; but ,

o n e o f th e D e va s N a r y a a s s um e d th e form o f a be a uti
, ,

fu l w om a n a n d s o fa s cin a t e d th e m th a t th e y forgot the

,

A mrit a fo r th e mom e nt w hich the god s dra nk , On e o f .

th e A s ura s ho w e ve r R ahu a ss um e d the form o f a god

, , ,

o r D e va a n d b e g a n to drink
, The immort a li s i n g n e ct a r .

h a d not gon e fa rth e r th a n h is thro a t w h e n th e s u n a n d

moon sa w the d e c e it a n d di s cov e re d it to N a ra y a w ho cut ,

o ff R ahu s h e a d The h e a d o f R dhu b e ing immo r t a l

’
. ,
,

b ound e d to th e s ky w h e re i ts e ffort s to d e vour the s u n a n d

,

moon w hich be tra y e d him c a u s e s th e ir e clips e s

,
Th e , .

ta il ( K e tu ) a l s o e njoys immort a lity in a lo w e r pl a n e a n d ,

i s the fa t a l pl a n e t w hich s e nd s di s e a s e s on m a n kind A .

furiou s w a r b e t w e e n th e god s a n d th e A s ura s ha s b e e n

w a g e d e ve r s ince A n d s inc e th e D e va s a r e th e s tronge s t
.
,

it i s not w ond e rful th a t it s hould h a ve pa ss e d into the

folklore o f th e w hol e A ry a n w orld t h a t the e vil hos t a r e
fo r e ve r se e ki n g to r e cove r by cunni n g the A mrit a The .
 68 TH E SA CR E D D R I N K .

Se rpe nts gu a rding the pa ra di s e o f the D e va s h a ve more

th a n once in a mythologic s e n s e be e n ind u ce d to b e tr a y
, ,

th e ir tru s t a n d glid e into the divin e pre cincts to s te a l th e

cove te d dra ught Thi s i s the K v as i r o f the Sca ndin a via n
.
1

M ythology w hich i s th e s ourc e o f th a t po e tic in s pira tion

,

w ho s e s ong s h a v e m a gic a l pot e ncy Th e s a cra m e n t a l s y m .

bol o f the A mrit a i n H indu Th e ology is the Som a j uice ,

a n d thi s pl a nt Indra i s d e cl a r e d in th e R i g V e d a ( i I 30) -

.

to h a ve di scove re d hidd e n like the n e s tlings o f a bird

“
, ,

a mid s t a pil e o f rock s e nclo s e d by bu s h e s w h e re th e ,

dra gon D rought ha d conc e a l e d it I ndra in the s h a pe .

,

o f a ha w k fl e w a w a y w ith it
,
I n the Pros e E dd a the .

Fros t Gi a nt S u ttu n g h a s conc e a l e d the s a cre d juice a n d ,

it is k e pt by the m a id G u n la u th in a ca ve rn ove r gro w n

w ith bu s h e s Bra gi bore d a hol e thro u gh th e rock
. .

Odin in the sh a pe o f a w orm cre pt through the cre vice ;

th e n re s uming h is godlike sh a pe ch a rm e d the m a id in to ,

p e rmitting him to drink o n e dra ught out o f the thre e

j a rs ; a n d h a ving l e ft no drop in for m o f a n e a gl e fl e w to
, ,

A s ga rd a n d di s ch a rg e d in the j a rs the w ond e r w orki n g

,
-

liquid H e nce po e try i s c a ll e d Odin s booty a n d Odi n s

.
’

,
’

gi ft .

Thos e w ho a tt e ntive ly compa re th e s e myth s w ith the

l e ge nd in G e n e s i s w ill not h a ve a n y n e e d to re st upon the
”
do u btful e tymology o f A d a m to e s ta bli s h the A yra n
‘

1
Re la te d to the Sla v K ms , w i th w h i c h, i n Ru ssi a n fo lklo r e , the D e v i l
tr i e d to mv e n t N o a h a n d his w i fe , a s r e la te d in c ha p x x v i i pa r t i v
c irc u . . .

I n Sa n sk r i t A di ma me a n s the firs t
‘
i n H e b r e w Ada m (gi v en a lmo s t
a lw a ys w i th t he a r ti c le ) me a n s the r e d a n d i t i s ge n e ra lly d e r 1v e d fr o m
‘ ’
,

a da ma h, mo u ld o r so i l Bu t Pro fe sso r M a x M u lle r ( Sc i e n ce o f R e ligi o n , p

.
.

i f h a me A d i ma ( u s e d , b t h i I the firs t ma n , a s
3 2 0 ) sa ys t e n
y e w a y , n n d i a fo r

A da m i s i n E n gla n d ) i s the sa me a s A da m, w e sho u ld be d r i v e n to a d mit

‘

tha t Ada m w a s bo r r o w e d by the J e w s fr o m the H i n d us Bu t e v e n th a t

’
.

mi ld c a s e o f d r i v in g i s u n n e c es sa r y, s in c e the w o rd , a s Sa le r e mi n d e d the
‘ ’

w o r ld , is use d i n the P e r si a n I t is p r o ba ble tha t the H e b r e w s i m

le ge n d .

po r t
e d this w o r d n o t kn o w i n g i t
s me a n i n g , a n d a s i t re se mbled the i r w o r d fo r
 TH E N AM E OF A D AM . 69

origin of l a tte r The Tre e o f the kno w l e dge o f Good

th e .

a n d E vil w hich m a d e ma n as o n e o f us h E lohim ’

( t e ) i s

th e S om a o f Indi a th e H a om a o f P e rs i a the M i n ? o f
, ,

Sc a ndin a vi a to w hich a r e a s crib e d the int e llige n c e a n d

,

po w e rs o f th e god s a n d the a rd e nt thoughts o f th e ir ,

‘

w ors hipp e rs The Tre e o f Immorta lity i s th e A mrit a the

.
,

only monopoly o f the god s The L ord God sa id Be .

‘
,

hold th e ma n i s b e com e a s o n e o f u s to know good a n d ,

e vil : a n d n o w l e s t h e put forth h i s h a n d a n d t a k e a l s o o f

, ,

th e tre e o f li fe a n d e a t a n d live fo r e v e r : Th e re fore the

'

, ,

L ord Go d s e nt him forth th e ga rd e n o f E d e n to till the

g r ou nd w h e nc e h e h a d b e e n ta ke n So h e drov e out .

th e ma n ; a n d h e pl a c e d on th e e a s t o f the ga rd e n o f

E d e n ch e rubim a n d a fl a ming s w ord w hich turn e d e ve ry

,
.

w a y to gu a rd th e w a y o f the tre e o f li fe
’
.
,

T hi s fl a mi n g s w ord turning e ve ry w a y i s ind e p e nd e nt

mo u ld ,
the y d d
a e d t h e g lo ss th a t th e firs t ma n w a s m a d e o f the d us t o r m o u ld

o f th e gr o u n d I ti s n o tc o n te n de d tha t the H e b r e w s go t the i r w o r d d i r e c tly

.

fr o m the H in du o r Per sia n myth M r Ge o r ge Smi th d isc o v e re d tha t Ad mi

. .

or Ad a mi w a s the na me fo r the firs t men in Cha ld e a n fr a gme n ts Si r H e n ry .

Ra w li n so n po in ts o u t tha t the a n c i e n t Ba by lo n i a n s re c o gn ise d tw o p r i n ci p le

ra c e s — the Ad a mu . o r d a r k , a n d the Sa r ku , o r light, ra c e ; pro ba bly a d is

ti n c ti o n , re me mbe r e d in the ph ra se o f Ge n e s is , be tw ee n th e su ppo se d so n s o f
A d a m a n d the so n s o f Go d The da r k ra ce w a s the o n e tha tfe ll
. M r H e r be r t . .

Spe n c e r (Pr i n ci ple: of Soc io logy , Ap pe n d ix ) o ffe rs a n in ge n i o us su gge stio n tha t

th e p r o hi bi ti o n o f a c e r ta i n sa c re d fr u i t ma y ha v e be e n the pr o v isi o n o f a light
r a c e a ga i n st a d a r k o n e , a s i n Pe r u o n ly the Yu ca a n d hi s re la ti v e s w e r e

a llo w e d to e a tthe s ti mu la tin g a re a . I f this be tru e i n the pre se n tca se , i tw o u ld

still o n ly r e fl e c t a n ea r li e r tra d i ti o n th a t the h o ly fr u i t w a s the r i ghtfu l
p os

se ss i o n o f th e d e i ti e s w ho ha d w on i n the s tru ggle fo r i t .

N o r is the r e w a n ti n g a su r v i v a l fr o m I n d i a n tra d i ti o n i n the s to r y o f E v e .

Ad a m sa i d , This n o w i s bo n e o f my bo n e , a n d fl e sh o f my fle sh
‘ ’
. I n the .

M a n n Co d e (ix 2 2 ) i t is w r i tte n : The bo n e o f w o ma n is u n i te d w ith the

.

bo n e of ma n a n d he r flesh w i th his fle sh
, The I n d ia n Ada m fe ll i n tw a i n .
’

be c o mi n g ma le a n d fe ma le ( Ya ma a n d Ya mi ) E w a ld ( H i st o f I sr a e l i t) . .
, .

h a s pu t th i s ma tte r o f the r e la ti o n be tw e en H e br e w a n d Hi n d u tr a d i ti o n s a s ,

i t a ppe a rs to me be yo n d d o u b t See a lso Go ldz i he r s H e b M ytho l , p 32 6 ;

’
.
, . . .

and P ro fesso r
’
K i n g s Gn ar tza pp
’

9 , to
, , w he re t. h e his t o r ic co n d i ti o n s u n d e r

w hi c h the i mpo r ta ti o n w o u ld n a tu r a lly ha v e o c c u r r e d a r e su c c i n c t ly se tfo r th .

m ma y be the me
'

P r o fesso r K in g su gges t
s tha tPa r si and Pfia n sa w o rd .
70 TH E S TOR Y R E RE A D -
.

o f the che rub a n d t a k e s the pl a ce o f the se rpe nt w hich

,

ha d pre viou s ly gu a rd e d th e M e ru p a ra di s e but i s n o w a n ,

e n e my no lo n g e r to be tru s t e d .

I f th e re a d e r w ill n o w r e re a d the s tory in G e n e s i s w ith

-

th e o ld n a m e s re s tore d h e w ill p e rc e ive th a t th e re i s n o

,

puzzl e a t a ll in a n y p a rt o f it N o w R ahu [ be ca u s e he
h a d s tol e n a n d t a s te d Som a ] w a s more s ubtl e th a n a n y
be a s t o f the fi e ld w hich th e D e va s ha d m a d e a n d he ,

s a id to A d e a Su kte e the firs t w om a n H a ve th e D e v a s

, ,

s a id you s h a ll not e a t o f e ve ry tre e i n th e g a rd e n ? A n d

s h e s a id unto R ahu W e ma y e a t o f th e fruit o f th e tre e s o f

,

the g a rd e n ; but o f the Som a pl a nt w hich i s in the middl e

-

o f the g a rd e n th e D e va s h a ve s a id w e s h a ll not e a t o r
,

touch it on p a in o f d e a th Th e n R ahu s a id to A d e a You

.
,

w ill not s u ffe r d e a th by ta s ting Som a [ I h a ve don e s o a n d ,

live ] : th e D e va s kno w th a t on the d a y w h e n you ta s te i t

y our e y e s s h a ll b e op e n e d a n d,
you w il l b e e qu a l to th e m
in know l e dge o f good a n d e vil [a n d y o u w ill be a bl e a t

once to di s cove r w hich tre e it i s th a t be a rs the fruit w hich

—
re nde rs you immort a l th e A mrita ] A d e a took o f the
.

Som a a n d did e a t a n d ga ve a l s o unto A dim a h e r hu s ba n d

, , ,

a n d the e y e s o f th e m both w e re op e n e d A n d I ndra

.
,

chi e f o f the D e va s s a id to Rahu B e ca u s e y o u h a ve don e

, ,

thi s you a r e curs e d a bove a ll ca tt le a n d a bove e ve ry b e a s t

,

o f the fi e ld [ fo r th e y s h a ll tra n s migra te th e ir s oul s a s c e nd

,

thro u gh highe r form s to be a b s orbe d i n the Cre a tive prin

c i p le but] upo n thy b e lly s h a lt thou go [re m a ining tra n s
fixe d in the for m you h a ve a ss um e d to tr y a n d obta i n the
A mrit a ] ; a n d [ in s te a d o f the a mbros i a you a im e d a t] y o u
s h a ll e a t di rt though a ll your e xi s t e nc e An d In dra .

s a id A dim a a n d A d e a S u kte e h a ve [
, ta s te d Som a a n d ] ,

be co me a s o n e o f u s D e va s [s o fa r a s] to know good a n d
e vil ; a n d n o w , l e s t ma n put forth h is h a nd [on our p r e
cio n s A mrita ] a n d ta k e a l s o o f the tre e o f li fe a n d e a t a n d
, , ,
 H E BR E W COR R E L A TI VE S I N A B E Q04 TE .
7 r

l ive fo r eve r [givi n g u s a noth e r r a c e o f A s ura s or Se r pe n t

me n to comp e t e w ith] . Indra a n d the D e va s drove
A dim a out o f M e ru a n d pl a c e d w a tch dogs a t th e e a s t
,
-

o f the g a rd e n ; a n d [ a s inuou s d a rting fl a m e ,pre ci s e ly

ma tch e d to th e n o w unch a ng e a bl e form o f R ahu ] a fl a mi n g ,

s w ord w hich turn e d e ve ry w a to k e e p th w a o f t h e

y , e y
A mrit a from A dim a a n d As ura s
’
.

W hil e th e god s a n d s e rp e n ts w e re c hurning the o ce a n

fo r th e A mrit a a ll w oe s a n d troubl e s fo r mort a ls cam e up
,

fi rs t . Th a t oc e a n s hri n ks in o n e re gion to th e box o f

Pa ndora i n a noth e r to the fruit e a t e n by E v e
, Ho w
.

fore ign s uch a notion i s to the H e bre w th e ology i s s ho w n

b y the fa ct th a t e ve n w hil e th e curs e s a r e fa lli n g from th e
fa t a l fruit on the e a rth a n d ma n th e y a r e a ll s a id to
,

h a ve proce e d e d s ol e ly from J e hova h w ho i s th u s m a d e to

,

s uppl e m e nt th e s e rp e nt s w ork
’
.

It w ill be s e e n tha t in th e a bove ve rs ion o f th e s tory i n

G e n e s i s I h a ve l e ft out va rio u s p a s s a ge s Th e s e a r e in p a rt
.

s uch a s mu s t b e more fully tre a t e d in th e s ucc e e ding ch a p

te r a n d in pa rt the Se mitic moss e s w hich h a ve grow n upon

,

th e A rya n bould e r . But e ve n a fte r th e s light tre a tm e nt

w h ich i s a ll I h a v e s p a c e to d e vot e to the comp a ra tive

s t u dy o f the myth in thi s a s p e ct it ma y be sa fe ly a ffirm e d

,

th a t the probl e m s w hich w e found ins olubl e by H e bre w

corre l a tive s no longe r e xi s t i f a n A ry a n origin be a s s um e d .

W e know w hy th e fruit o f know l e dge w a s forbidd e n

b e ca u s e it e nd a nge re d the furth e r fruit o f immorta lity W e .

know ho w the Se rp e n tmight be cond e mn e d to cra w l fo r

e v e r w ithout a bs urdity : b e c a u s e h e w a s o f a s e rp e nt ra c e -

a b le to a ss um e high e r form s a n d c a p a bl e o f tra n s migra

,

tion a n d o f fin a l a bs orption W e know w hy the e a tin g

, .

o f th e fruit brought so m a ny w o e s : it w a s follow e d by

th e s tre a m o f pois on from the chur n e d oc e a n w hich a e com

a n i e d the A mrit a d w hich w ou ld h a v e d e troy e d th

p , a n s e
7 2 R ABB I N I CA L I N TE R PRE TA TI ON S .

ra ce o f both god s a n d me n ha d not Si v a dra nk it up I f

,
.

a nything w e re re quire d to m a k e the A rya n origin o f th e

fa bl e c e rta in it w ill be found in the fa ct w hich w ill a pp e a r

,

as w e go o u — ,
n a m e ly th a t the ra bbins o f our e r a in e x
, ,

pl a i n ing the l e ge n d w hich th e ir fa the rs s e ve re ly ignore d

,

did s o by borrow ing conc e ption s fore ign to the origin a l

—
id e a s o f the ir ra ce notion s a bout hum a n tra n s form a tion
,

to a nim a l s h a p e s a n d a bout the Se rp e nt (w hich M o s e s

,

h onoure d ) a n d m a inly o f a kind tra ve s tying the I ra ni a n

,

folklore . Such conta ct w ith fore ign ra ce s fo r th e fi rs t

tim e g a ve the J e w s a n y k e y to the l e g e nd w hich th e ir

pa tri a rchs a n d proph e ts w e re compe ll e d to p a ss ove r in

s il e nc e
.
 C H A PT E R V I I I .

E V E .

Th e F a ll o f M a n — F a ll of go d s —G i a n ts—P r a j apa ti and Rah u

W o ma n a n d Sta r s e r pe n
-
t in Pe r s ia — M e sc hia a n d M e s c hi a n e
Br ahma n le ge n d s o f the c r e a ti o n of Man — The s tr e n gth o f
W o ma n — E lo h i s t a n d J e ho v i st c r e a ti o n s of —
M a n Th e Fo r
b i d de n i —
F ru t E v e rea ppe a r s a s Sa r a — Ab r a ha m su r r e n d e r s his
J e ho v a h— Th e l—A br a h a m s c ir c u mc is io
’
w i fe to idea n o t se n s u a n

—Tbe v i l n a me o f W o ma n —N o a h s i fe — The te mpta tio n o f

e
’
w

Ab r a h a m— R a bb i n i c a l le ge n d s c o n c e r n i n g E v e —P a n d ra
o — Se n
ti me n t o f the M yth of Ev e .

T H E i n s i gn ific a n c e of the Se rp e nt
in the s ch e m e
of Ede n
a n d t e a chings o f the H e bre w Bibl e i s th e more re m a rk
a bl e w h e n i t i s con s id e re d th a t th e p e s s imi s tic vi e w o f

h um a n n a tu re i s th e re in fully re pre s e nt e d In the s tory .

o f th e Te mpt a tion it s e l f th e re i s ind e e d n o s uch g e n e ra l

, , ,

i s a ti o n a s w e find in th e mod e rn dogm a o f the Fa ll o f

M a n ; but th e e l e m e nts o f it a r e pre se nt in the e a rly
a ss umption th a t th e thought s o f m a n s h e a r t run to e vil
’

—
continu a lly w hich mu s t be a n obviou s fa ct e ve ry w h e re
,

w hil e goodn e s s i s id e ntifi e d w ith fictitiou s m e rits Th e re .

a r e a l s o e xpre s s ion s s u gg e s ti n g a th e ory o f h e re dity o f a ,

h ighly s up e r s titiou s ch a r a ct e r —the inh e rit a nc e b e i n g by

,

forc e o f the a nce s tra l w ord or a c t a n d w ithout re fe re nc e

'

to inh e re nt qu a liti e s Out w a rd m e rits a n d d e m e rits a r e

.

tra n s mitt e d fo r re w a rd a n d puni s h me nt to the third

a n d fou r th ge n e ra tion ; but th e mor e common s e n s e vi e w -

a pp e a rs to h a v e gra du a lly s up e rs e d e d thi s a s e xpre s s e d ,

74 F ALL OF G OD S .

in the prove rb th a t the fa th e rs a te s our gra pe s a n d th e

childre n s t e e th w e re on e dge
’
.

In a ccounting fo r thi s condition o f hum a n n a tu r e ,

popul a r tra dition s a mong the J e w s a l w a ys pointe d ra th e r

to a fa ll o f the god s th a n to a n y s uch ca ta s troph e to
ma n . The s on s o f th e E lohim (god s ) s a w the d a ught e rs
‘

o f me n th a t th e y w e re b e a uti ful a n d th e y took to th e m ,

s e lv e s fo r w iv e s w hom s oe v e r th e y chos e Th e re w e re
’ ‘
.

gi a nts in th e e a rth in thos e d a ys ; a n d a ls o a ft e r th a t ,

w h e n th e s on s o f God c a m e in unto th e d a ught e rs o f me n ,

a n d th e y b a re childre n to th e m th e s a m e b e c a m e mighty,

me n w hich w e re o f old me n o f re now n

,
1
Th e s e gi a nts .
’

w e re to the Se mitic m ind w h a t the A hi s V r i tr a s S u s h n a s , ,

a n d oth e r mon s te rs w e re to the A rya n or Tita n s to th e ,

Gre e k mind Th e y w e re not tra ce d to the Se rp e nt bu t

.
,

to the w ild n a ture god s the E lohim a n d w h e n J e hova h

-

, ,

a pp e a rs it i s to w a g e w a r a g a in s t th e m The s tre ngt h .

.

o f thi s b e li e f i s i llu s tra t e d in th e a mpl e a ccounts giv e n i n

th e Old Te s t a m e nt o f the R e ph a im a n d th e ir king Q g ,

th e A n a kim a n d G oli a th the E mim th e Z a mz u mmi m

, , ,

a n d oth e rs a ll o f w hich ga in e d full re pr e s e nt a tion i n

,

H e bre w folklore The e xi s te nce o f th e s e hos til e be in gs

.

w a s e xpl a in e d by t h e ir fa ll from a n g e lic e s t a t e .

Th e Book o f E noch giv e s w h a t w a s n o do u bt th e

popu la r und e rsta nding o f the fa ll o f th e a ng e ls a n d i ts
re s ults Tw o hundre d a nge l s took w ive s o f the d a ughte r s
.

o f me n a n d th e ir o ffs pring w e r e gi a nts thre e thou s a n d

,

y a rd s in h e ight Th e se gi a nts h a ving con s um e d the

.

food o f m a nkind b e g a n to d e vour me n w ho se cri e s w e re

, ,

brought to the a tte ntion o f J e hova h by hi s a ng e ls O n e .

a ng e l w a s s e nt to w a rn N o a h o f the F lood ; a noth e r to

bind A z a z e l in a d a rk pl a ce in the d e s e rt till the Judg

m e nt D a y ; G a bri e l w a s d e s pa tch e d to se t the gi a n ts to
1
Ge n . v i. r , 2 , 4 .
 PR A T! A N D R AI N /t 75

d e s troying noth e r ; M ich a e l w a s se nt to bury th e

one a

fa ll e n a ng e l s und e r the hill s fo r s e v e nty g e n e ra tion s till ,

th e D a y o f J udgm e nt w h e n th e y s hould be s e nt to the ,

fi e ry a bys s fo r e ve r Th e n e ve r y e vil w ork s hould com e

.

to a n e n d a n d th e pl a nt o f righte ou s n e s s S pring u p
,
1
.

S uc h e xploits a n d s ucc e s s e s on th e p a r t o f th e l e ga l
D e ity a g a i n s t outl a w s though th e y ma y be pitch e d high ,

in h e roic rom a nce a r e fou n d be s id e a th e ology ba se d upo n

,

a re ve rs e s itu a tion N othing i s more fund a m e nt a l i n th e

.

a nci e nt J e w i s h s y s t e m th a n th e re cognition o f a n out s id e

w orld giv e n ove r to idol a try a n d w ick e dn e s s w hil e J e w s ,

a r e a s m a ll colony o f th e childr e n o f I s ra e l a n d cho s e n o f

J e hova h Such a conce ption in primitive tim e s is s o

.

n a t u ra l a n d poss ibly ma y h a ve b e e n s o e s s e n ti a l to the

,

con s titution o f n a tion s th a t it i s h a rdly u s e ful to look ,

fo r p a ra ll e l s Though n e a rly a ll ra ce s s e e in th e ir tra di

.

ti o n a l d a w n a n A ge o f Gold a H a ppy G a rd e n or s om e , ,

corre s ponding fe licity th e s e a r e norm a lly d e fi n e d a ga in s t

,

a nt e rior ch a o s or s urrounding fe rocity E ve ry E d e n h a s .

h a d i ts gu a rd s .

W h e n w e com e to l e ge nd s w hich re l a te p a r ticul a rly to

th e w a y in w hich th e e a rly fe licity w a s los t m a n y fa cts ,

o fi e r th e m s e lve s fo r comp a ra tiv e s tudy A n d w i th r e ga rd

'

to the my th s o f E d e n a n d E v e w e ma y re m a rk w h a t ,

a pp e a rs to h a ve b e e n a curiou s int e rch a ng e o f l e g e nd s

b e tw e e n the H e bre w s a n d P e rs i a n s Th e a nci e nt doc .

trin e s o f Indi a a n d P e rs i a conce rni n g Origin s a r e l a rge ly ,

i f not a ltoge th e r a s tro n omica l I n the G e n e s i s o f Indi a

, .

w e s e e a gold e n e gg flo a ting on a s hore l e ss oc e a n ; it

d ivid e s to m a k e the h e a ve n a bove a n d e a rth b e n e a th ;

fro m it e m e rg e s Pra j ap a ti w h o a l s o fa ll s in t w a in to m a k e
,

th e mort a l a n d immort a l s ub s t a n c e s ; the p a rt s o f hi m

a g a in divid e to m a k e me n a n d w om e n on e a rth s u n a n d ,

1
i i pp 3—
6 Se e D ru mmo n d J e w ish M e ss i a h, p
’ ‘ ’
v .
-
x . . . s . 21 .
 76 WOM AN AN D S TAR SE R PE N I ? -

moon in th e s ky . but o n e ve rs ion out o f ma ny

Thi s i s ,

but a ll the l e ge nd s a bout Pra j apa ti co n ve rge i n ma king

him a figure o f Indi a n a s tronomy In the R i g V e d a h e is .
-

Orion a n d fo r e ve r li e s w ith the th re e a rrow s in h is be l t

,

w hich S iriu s s hot a t him b e c a u s e o f h is love fo r A ld e

,
—
b a ra n to w a rd s w hich con st e ll a tion h e s tre tch e s N o w .
,

in a s ort o f a ntith e s i s to thi s the e vil R ahu i s a l so c u t i n

,

t w a in his uppe r a n d immort a l p a rt pu rs uing a n d tryin g to

,

e clip se th e s u n a n d moon h i s ta il ( K e tu ) b e coming th e 9 th

,

pl a n e t s h e dding e vil influ e nc e s on m a nkind Thi s ta i l

,
1
.
,

K e tu i s quit e a n ind e pe nd e nt mon s t e r a n d w e me e t w i th

, ,

him in the P e rs i a n pl a ni s ph e re w h e re h e rul e s th e firs t o f ,

th e s i x m a n s ion s o f A hrim a n a n d i s th e crook e d s e r p e n t

‘
,

m e ntion e d in the Book o f Job By re fe rring to vol i p 2 5 3 . . . .

,

the re a d e r w ill s e e th a t thi s St a r s e rp e nt mu s t s t a n d a s -

clos e to the w om a n w ith h e r child a n d s he a f a s Se pt e m

b e r s ta nd s to Octob e r Bu t unqu e s t i on a bly th e w o ma n
.

w a s put th e re fo r honou r a n d not di s gra c e w ith he r c h ild

a n d s h e a f s he re p re s e nt e d th e fruit a g e o f th e y e a r .

Th e re i s nothing in P e rs i a n M ythology goi n g to sh o w

tha t t e w om n b tr ye d
h a e a h e r —
m a n s ion o f fruit a g e th e
gold e n y e a r to the Se rp e nt n e a r h e r fe e t I n th e .

Bu n d e h e s c h w e h a ve th e origin a l ma n K a io ma r ts w h o , ,

i s s l a in by A hrim a n a s Pra j a pa ti ( Orio n ) w a s by Siri u s ;

from h i s d e a d form c a m e M e s chi a a n d M e s c h i a n e the fi r s t ,

hum a n p a ir A hrim a n corrupt s the m by firs t giving th e m

.

go a ts milk a n e vil influ e nc e from Ca pricorn A fte r th e y

’

, .

h a d thu s injure d th e m s e lve s h e t e mpt e d th e m w i th a fr u i t

w hich robb e d th e m o f nin e ty nin e hundre dth s o f th e ir h a p
-

i In a ll thi s th e re i s no indica tio n th a t th e w o ma n

p n e s s
.

a n d ma n bor e di ffe r e nt r e l a tion s to the c a l a mity Bu t .

a ft e r a tim e w e find a Pa rsi pos ts cript to thi s e ffe c t

The w om a n w a s the first to s a crific e to th e D e va s
’
Th is .

3
Se e v ol . i p . . 2 55 .
 BR / I H M AN LE GE N D S OF M AN 5
'
ORI GI N .
77

is th e one it e m in the Pa rsi M ythology w hich s how s bi a s ‘

a ga in s t w om a n a n d a s it i s un s upport e d by th e n a rra tive s

,

pre ce di n g it w e ma y s uppose th a t it w a s d e r ive d fro m

,

s om e for e ign country .

Th a t country could h a rdly h a ve b e e n Indi a Th e re .

i s a s tory in re mot e di s tricts o f Indi a w hich re l a t e s th a t

th e fi rs t w o ma n w a s born out o f a n e xp a nding lotu s

on th e Ga ng e s a n d w a s the re re ce ive d in his pa ra di s e by

,

the fi rs t ma n ( A dim a or M a nu ) H a ving p a rta k e n o f the

, .

S o ma th e y w e re e xp e ll e d a fte r firs t b e ing gra n t e d th e ir

, ,

pra y e r to be a llow e d a l a s t dra ught from the G a n g e s the

e ffe c t o f th e holy w a t e r b e ing to pre v e nt e ntir e corruption ,

a n d s e cure immo r t a lity to th e ir s oul s But no w h e re i n .

I n di a n l e ge nd or folklore do w e find a n y s pe ci a l di s honour

p ut u pon w om a n s uch a s i s d e s cribe d in the H e bre w s tory .

R a th e r w e fi n d the re ve rse E a rly in the l a s t c e ntury

.
,

a tr a ve ll e r John M a rs h a l l r e l a t e d s tori e s o f th e cr e a tio n

, ,

w hich h e s a y s w e re told him by the Br a hmin s a n d oth e rs ,

b y the Bra hmin s o f P e rs i a 1 ’

.

Onc e on a tim e th e Bra hmins s a id a s (God ) w a s s e t

,
’

,
‘

i n e te rn ity it ca m e into hi s mind to m a k e s om e thi n g a n d

, ,

i m me di a t e ly no s oon e r ha d h e thought the s a m e but th a t ,

th e s a m e minut e w a s a p e r fe ct b e a uti ful w om a n pre s e nt

i m m e di a t e ly b e fore him w hich h e ca ll e d A d e a Su kte e

, ,

t h a t is the firs t w om a n Th e n thi s figure put into h is

, .

m ind th e figu re o f a ma n ; w hich he h a d no s oon e r con

c e i v e d in h i s mind but th a t he a l s o s t a rt e d u d
, p a n r e p r e ,

s e nt e d him s e l f b e fore him ; thi s h e c a ll e d M a n a u i s e th a t

p ,

i s the firs t ma n ; th e n u pon a re fl e ction o f th e s e thi n g s

, , ,

h e re s olve d furth e r to cre a t e se ve ra l pl a c e s fo r th e m to

a bid e i n a n d a ccordingly a s s umi n g a
, s ubtil body
, he ,

bre a th e d in a minute th e w hol e unive rse a n d e ve rything ,

th e re in from th e l e a s t to the gre a te s t

, .
’

1
Phi l Tra n s Ab fro m 1 700
. . .
-
1 720, Pa r t iv .
p . 1 73.
7 3 TH E S TR E N G TH OF W OM A N .

‘
The Bra hmi n s o f P e rs i a t e ll c e rta in lo n g s tori e s o f a
g r e a t Gi a n t th a t w a s le d into a mo s t d e lica t e g a rd e n ,

w hich upon c e rt a in conditio n s s hould be hi s o w n fo r e v e r

, ,
.

But o n e e ve ning in a cool s h a d e o n e o f the w ick e d D e v a ta s ,

or Spirits ca m e to him a n d te mpte d him w ith va s t s um s

, ,

o f gold a n d a ll the mo s t pre ciou s j e w e l s th a t c a n b e i ma

,

g i n e d ; b u t h e cour a g e ou s ly w it h s tood t h a t t e mpt a tio n ,

a s not kno w ing w h a t v a l u e or u s e th e y w e re o f : b u t a t

l e ngth this w icke d D e va ta brought to him a fa ir w o ma n ,

w ho s o c h a rm e d h i m th a t fo r h e r s a k e h e mo s t w i llingly

broke a ll h is condition s a n d th e re upon w a s turn e d o u t

,
.
’

In the firs t o f th e s e tw o s tori e s the n a m e s give n to th e

ma n a n d w om a n a re popul a r w ords d e rive d fro m Sa n s
krit In the s e con d th e P e rs i a n cha ra cte rs a r e pre s e n t a s
.
,

i n the u s e o f D e v a ta s to d e note w ick e d po w e r s ; but fo r

the re s t thi s l a tt e r l e ge nd a pp e a r s to me c e rt a inly b orro w e d
,

from the J e w s s o fa r a s the w om a n i s conc e rn e d . It w a s

th e y w ho firs t p e rce i v e d a n y conn e ctio n b e t w e e n V irgo i n
the s ixth m a n s ion o f Ormuzd a n d Python in the s e v e n t h
, ,

and re turn e d the P e rs i a n s th e ir pla ni s ph e re w ith a n e w

glo s s H a ving a dopt e d the D ra gon s ta i l ( K e tu ) fo r a
.
’

l ittle pre li min a ry pe rform a nc e the H e bre w s y s te m d i s

,

mi s se s t ha t s ta r s n a ke utte rly ; fo r it h a s a lre a dy e volve d

-

a t e rr e s tri a l d e vil from i ts o w n inn e r con s ciou s n e ss .

The n a m e o f th a t d e vil i s W O M AN— .Th e d i a bo lis a

tion o f w om a n in th e ir th e ology a n d tra dit io n i s n o t to b e
re ga rd e d a s a n y ind ica tion th a t the H e bre w s a n ci e ntl y
h e ld w om e n in dis honour ; ra th e r w a s it a tribut e to h e r
po w e rs o f fa s cin a tion s uch a s th e young ma n w ro te to b e
pl a c e d u n d e r the pillo w o f D a riu s W om a n i s s tro nge s t .
’

A s D a riu s a n d h is council a gre e d th a t n e xt to tr u t h , ,

w om a n i s s trong e t s — stronge r th a n w in e or th a n ki ng s
,
so

do th e H e bre w fa bl e s te s ti fy by i n te rw e a ving h e r b e a uty

a n d g e niu s w ith e v e ry e vil o f the w orld .
 E L OH I S T AN D j AH VI S T CR E A TI ON S .
"
9

Be t w e e n the E lohi s t J a hvi s t a ccounts o f the cre a

an d
tio n o f ma n th e re a r e tw o di ffe re n c e s o f gr e a t import a nc e
, .

T h e E lohim a r e s a id to h a v e c r e a ted ma n in th e ir o w n
i m a ge m l a a ,e n d f e ma le — the w ord fo r cre a t e d be ing ba r d
,
‘ ’

lite ra lly m e a ning to ca r v e out J e hova h E lohim i s s a id .

—
to h a v e f o r med ma m nothi n g b e ing s a id a bout h is o w n
i m a ge or a bout m a l a
,
e n d fe ma l e — th e w ord f o r med b e ing
,

y a rs a / T h e. s e n s e o f thi s w ord y a t s a r in thi s pl a c e ( G e n .

ii 7) mu s t be int e rpre t e d by w h a t follo w s : J e hova h i s s a id

.

to h a ve form e d ma n out o f th e ap lza r w hich th e E ngli s h

’
,

ve rs ion tra n s l a t e s du s t but the Se ptu a gint more corre ctly

,

47 m The lite ra l m e a ning i s a fin e ly vol a tili s e d s u b

.

s t a n c e a n d in N umb e rs xxiii
,
to i t i s u s e d to re pre s e nt
.
,

th e s e e d o f J a cob I n the J e hovi s tic cre a tion it m e a n s

.

th a t ma n w a s forme d out o f the s e min a l principl e o f the

e a rt h combin e d w ith th e bre a th o f J e hova h ; a n d th e
l e ge n d clos e ly re s e mbl e s the a ccount o f the a nci e nt
Sa ta p a tha Brahm a n a w hich s ho w s the cre a tiv e pow e r in
-

s e x u a l union w ith th e fluid w orld to produc e th e e gg

fro m w hich Pra j ap a ti w a s born to be divid e d into ma n ,

a n d w om a n .

Th e s e tw o a ccount s th e re or f e ,
— to w it th a t in th e firs t
, ,

a n d th a t in th e s e cond ch pt r a e o f G n i
e e s s — mu s t be te ,

ga rd e d a s be ing o f di ffe re nt e ve nts a n d not m e re ly va ry ,

ing myth s o f the sa m e e ve nt The offs pring o f J e hova h .

w e re living s oul s a n e xpre s s ion not u s e d in conn e ctio n

‘ ’
,

w it h th e cre a t e d im a g e s o f th e gi a nt s or E lohim The .

E lohi s t p a ir roa m a bout the w orld fre e ly e a ting a ll fruits

a n d h e rbs po s s e s s i n g n a ture g e n e ra lly a n d a s m a l e a n d
, , ,

fe m a l e e ncoura g e d to incre a s e a n d multiply but J e hova h

,

c a re fu lly s e pa ra t e s his tw o childre n from ge n e ra l n a ture ,

pl a c e s th e m in a ga rd e n forbid s ce rta in food a n d doe s not

, ,

s a y a w ord a bout s e x e v e n much l e ss e nco u ra ge i ts func

,

tions .
80 TH E F OR BI D D E N F R I/ 1 2:

Ada m was form e d

imply to be th e g a rd e n e r o f E d e n
s

no oth e r motive i s a s s ign e d I n propos ing th e cr e a tio n .

o f a b e ing to b e h i s h e lp e r a n d comp a nion no thin g i s s a i d ,

a bout a n e w s e x — the w ord tra n s l a t e d h e lp m e e t (ez e r )

,
-
’
‘

i s m a s culin e A d a m n a m e s the b e ing m a d e w om a n ‘ ’

.
,

( V u lg. V i r a g )
o only b e c a u se s h e h a s b e e n m a d e o u t o f
ma n but s e x i s not e ve n y e t s ugge s t e d Thi s i s s o
,
.

m a rk e d tha t the compil e r ha s fill e d up w h a t he c o n

s id e r e d a n omi s s ion w ith (ve rs e 2 4) a littl e l e cture o n
duty to w i v e s .

It is pl a in tha t the j e a lou sly gu a rd e d a mbros i a o f A r ya n

-

gods ha s h e re be e n a da pted to s igni fy the s e xu a l re l a tion .

Th a t i s the fruit in the mid s t o f the ga rd e n w hich is

r e s e rve d Th e e a ting o f it i s imm e di a te ly a s s oci a te d w i th
.

con s ciou s n e s s o f nudity a n d s h a m e Th e curs e upon E v e .

i s a ppropri a te H a ving ta k e n a hum a n h u s ba nd s h e i s to

.
,

be his s l a v e s he s ha ll bring forth childre n in s orrow a n d ,

m a ny o f the m (Ge n iii A d a m i s to los e h i s p osi ti o n

. .

i n J e hova h s g a rd e n a n d to toil in a ccurs e d g r ound b a r r e n

’

, ,

a n d thor n y .

Ca s t o u t thu s into the w ild e rn e s s the hu ma n proge n y ,

a s it incre a s e d c a m e in conta ct w ith the gi a nt s prog e ny

’

thos e cre a te d by th e E lohim ( Ge n W h e n th e s e h a d

.

i n te rm a rri e d J e hova h sa id th a t the fa ct th a t the hu ma n

,

s id e in s uch a lli a nc e ha d b e e n o r i n a ll it li d by h i
g y v a s e s

bre a th could not n o w re nd e r it im morta l be ca u s e he ( ma n ) ,

a l s o is fl e s h i a lik e th e cre a ture s o f th e n a ture go d s

’
-
,
. .
, .

A fte r tw o gre a t s truggl e s w ith th e s e Tit a n s drow ning mo s t ,

o f th e m hurling do w n th e ir to w e r a n d s ca tte ring th e m

, ,

J e hova h re s olve d upon a s ch e m e o f va s t importa nc e a n d ,

o n e w hich c a s t s a flood o f light upo n th e n a r r a tive j u s t

give n J e hova h s gre a t a i m i s s how n in the A bra h a mi c

.
’

cove n a nt to be to found a fa mily on e a rth o f w hi c h h e ,

c a n sa y ,
Thou a r t my s o n ; I h a ve be gott e n th e e Ev e .
’
 E VE AS SAR A . 81

w as m e a nt to be the moth e r o f th a t fa mily but by yi e ld ,

i n g to h e r p a ss ion fo r the ma n m e a nt only to b e h e r

co mp a nion s he ha d th w a rte d the purpos e o f J e hova h .

Bu t s he re a ppe a rs a ga in und e r th e n a m e o f Sa ra ; a n d
fro m firs t to l a s t th e s e n s e o f th e s e r e cord s ho w e ve r ove r
,

la i d by l a t e r b e li e fs i s the e xpa n s ion v a rying fortun e s a n d

, , ,

gra d u a l s piritu a li s a tion o f thi s a s pira tion o f a d e ity fo r a

fa m ily o f h i s o w n in the e a rth .

C e l s u s s a id t ha t the story o f th e V irgin M a ry a n d th e

H oly Ghos t i s o n e in w hich chri s ti a n s w ould find littl e
‘
my s t e ry i f th e n a m e s w e re D a n a e a n d Jupit e r Th e
’
.

s a m e ma y b e s a id o f th e s tory o f Sa ra a n d J e hova h o f ,

w hich th a t conce r n ing M a ry i s a th e ologica l tra v e s ty .

S a ra i (a s s h e w a s ca ll e d b e fore h e r tra n s fe r to J e hova h ,

w h o th e n forb a d e A bra h a m to c a ll h e r M y Princ e s s but

’
,

only Prince s s ) w a s cho s e n b e ca u se s he w a s childl e s s

’
.

A br a h a m w a s pa id a l a rg e re comp e n s e fo r h e r s urre nd e r ,

a n d provi s ion w a s m a d e th a t h e s hould h a v e a mi s tr e ss ,

a n d by h e r a s o n .Thi s n a tura l s o n w a s to be re n ow n e d
a n d h a v e gre a t po s s e s s ion s ; nomin a lly A bra h a m w a s to

b e r e pr e s e nt e d by Sa ra s mira culou s ly conc e iv e d s o n

’
-

a n d to control h i s fortun e s b u t th e blood o f th e n e w

,

ra ce w a s to be pure ly di v in e in i ts origin s o th a t e ve ry
,

d e s c e nd a nt o f I s a a c might be o f J e hova h s fa mily in ’

A br a h a m s hou s e hold
’
.

A bra h a m t w ic e g a ve ove r h i s w i fe to di ffe re nt kings

w h o w e r e j e a lou s ly puni s h e d by J e hov a h fo r s in s th e y

only ca m e n e a r committing u n con s ciou s ly w hil e A bra ,

h a m him s e l f w a s not e ve n re buk e d fo r the s i n h e did

com mit The forbidd e n fruit w a s not e a t e n thi s tim e ;
.

a n d the c e r tifica t e a n d proo f o f th e s up e rn a tura l con

c e p ti o n o f I s a a c w e re m a d e cl e a r in Sa ra h s w ord s God
’

h a th m a d e me to l a ugh : a ll th a t h e a r w ill l a ugh w ith me :

w h o w ould h a v e s a id unto Abra h a m th a t Sa ra h s hould
V OL I I
. . F
 SAR A S BE A U T K
’
82

h a ve g ive n chi ldre n su ck ? fo r I ha ve born e a so n i n his

old a ge 1
.
’

It w a s the pa ss ion a te n a tu r e a n d be a uty o f W om a n

w hich h a d th us fa r ma d e th e d ifli c u lty Th e forbidd e n .

fruit w a s pl e a sa nt to the e ye s a n d E v e a te it a n d it
’
,

w a s h e r voice to w hich A d a m ha d h e a rk e n e d ra th e r tha n

‘ ’

to th a t o f J e hova h (Ge n iii A n d a ga in i t w a s the . .

, ,

e a s y virtu e a n d e xtre m e be a uty o f Sa ra (Ge n xii 1 1 14) . .

,

w hich e nd a nge re d th e n e w s ch e m e The ra bbinic a l tra .

d i ti o n s a r e a ga in on thi s poi n t ve ry e mpha tic It i s r e l a te d .

tha t w he n A bra m ca me to the bo r d e r o f E gypt he hid

S a ra in a ch e s t a n d w a s s o t a king he r into t ha t c o u n try
, .

The coll e ctor o f cu s tom s ch a rge d tha t th e ch e s t cont a i n e d

r a im e nt s ilk s gold pe a rl s a n d A bra m pa i d fo r a ll th e s e ;
, , , ,

but th is only incre a s e d th e o fli c ia l s s u s picions a n d h e ’

compe ll e d Abra m to ope n the ch e s t ; w h e n this w a s don e

a n d Sa ra ro s e up the w hol e l a n d o f E gyp t w a s illu min e d
,

by he r s pl e ndour ” .

Th e re i s no re a s o n fo r s uppos i n g th a t the id e a s u nd e r
lying the re la tion w hich J e hova h m e a nt to e s ta bli sh w ith
E v e a n d s ucce e d e d in e s t a bli s hing w ith Sa ra w e re o f a
, ,

m e re ly s e n s u a l d e scription The se myths b e lon g to the .

1
Ge n i 6, 7
. The E n glish v e r si o n ha s d e s tr o ye d the se n se by su p pl yi n g
xx . .

hi m a fte r bo r n e The r a bbi n s w e re fu lly a w a r e o f

’
‘
Cf a lso v e r ses 1 , 2
. . .

the i mpo r ta n c e o f the s ta te me n t tha t i t w a s J e ho v a h w ho o pe n e d the w o mb

of Sa r a ,
’
a n d supple me n te d i t w i th v a r i o us tra d i ti o n s . It was r e la te d tha t
w he n I sa a c w as bo rn th k in gs
, e of the e a r th re fuse d to be li e v e s u c h a p ro d igy
c o n c e r n in g e v e n a b a ty f e i u o n n et
y ye a rs ; w he r e u po n th e bre as t s o f a l l the i r

w i v es w e r e mi r a cu lously dr i e d u p, a n d he y
t a ll ha d to bi r n
g the i r c h i ld r e n to
Sa ra to be suc kle d.

F h
o rti e t Pa r aa eba. fo l 37, c o l 1 . . . The so la r —o r mo r e c o r re c tly, so
fa r as Sa ra —
is c o n ce rn ed , lun a r a spe c ts of the le ge n d ofA bra h a m , Sa r a , an d

I s a a c , h o w e v e r i mpo r ta n t, d o n o t a ffe c t the hu ma n n atu re w ith w h i c h th e y

a re a sso c i a ted ; n o r is the s pec ia l se r v ic e to w hi c h the y a re p r e s se d i n J e w i sh

the o lo gy a lte re d
by the the o ry (sho u ld i t pro v e tru e ) w hic h d e r i v e s the se
e rso n a ges fro m Arya n my tho lo g y T h e r e se e ms to be s o me r ea s o n fo r
p .

su ppo si n g tha t Sa ra is a se mi tic is e d fo rm o f Sa r a n yti The tw o s ta n d in .

 ABRA HAM S S UR R E N D E R ’
. 83

me nta l r e gion nc e s tor w ors hip a n d the fund a me nta l

of a -

conce pti on i s th a t o f founding a fa mi ly to re ign ove r a ll

oth e r fa mili e s J e hova h s inte re s t is i n I s a a c ra th e r tha n
.
’

S a ra w ho a ft e r she h a s born e th a t pa tri a rch l a p s e s out o f

, , ,

th e s tory a lmo s t a s compl e t e ly a s E v e The id e a i s n o t .

,

i nd e e d so th e ologica l a s it be ca m e in the J ud a ic chri s ti a n

,
-

l e g e nd o f the conce ption o f J e s u s by M a ry a s s pou s e o f

th e D e ity ; it w a s prob a bly how e ve r l a rg e ly e th nic a l i n
, ,

th e ca s e o f E v e a n d n a tion a l in th a t o f Sa ra
, .

I t be ing con s id e re d o f the u tmo s t importa nce th a t a ll

w h o cl a im e d the a dva nt a g e s in the J e w i s h common w e a lth

a cc r uing only to th e l e ga l though nomin a l childre n o f ‘

, ,

A b r a h a m s hould re a lly be o f divin e lin e a ge s e curity

’
, ,

m u s t be ha d a ga ins t I s a a c h a ving a n y full broth e r It .

m ight be tha t i n a fte r tim e s om e n a tura l so n o f Sa ra

might cla i m to be the o n e born o f divin e pa re nta ge might ,

ca rr y on the J e w i s h common w e a lth s l a y the childre n o f ,

J e hova h by Sa ra a n d so e n d th e divin e lin e a ge w ith the

,

a uth ority it c a r r i e d Ca re ful pre ca ution s h a ving b e e n

.

t a k e n th a t I s hm a e l s h o uld be a n irre concil a bl e th e re ‘

,
’

i s r e a s on to s u s pe ct th a t the pos ition o f I s a a c a s J e hova h s

’

o n ly be gotte n s o n w a s s e cure d by m e a n s obs cure ly

-

hint e d in th e circumci s ion firs t u nd e rgon e by A bra h a m ,

a n d m a d e th e s ign o f the cov e n a nt Th a t circumci s ion .

,

w h e r e s o e v e r it h a s s urvive d i s the re lic o f a more horri bl e

,

pra ctice o f ba rba ri a n a s ce tici s m i s ha rdly doubtful ; tha t ,

th e origin a l rit e w a s b e li e ve d to h a ve b e e n th a t by w hich

A b r a h a m fulfill e d his contra ct w ith J e hova h a pp e a rs to

'

me typica l po si ti o n
'
so me w ha t the sa Sa r a n ytr, d a u ghte r o f Tv a shta r ( the
.
‘

fa s hi o n e r w a s mo ther o f the fir st hu ma n pa ir Ya ma a n d Ya mi Sa ra is th e
, .

fir s t mo the r o f tho se bo r n i n a n e w (c o v e n a n te d ) c r e a ti o n E a c h is fo r a ti me
.

c o n c e a le d fr o m mo r ta ls ea c h le a v e s he r hu sba n d a n i lle gi ti ma te r e pr ese n ta

w ho by hi m bri n g:
'
tiv e . Sa ra n ytr gi v es her lo rd Sa v a rn a
fo rth M a n u ,
—th a t is M a n , bu t n o t the
’
o r i gi n a l p e r fec t Man . Sa r a su bs t
i
ta te s H a ga r the an d I shma e l is bo rn , bu t n o tw i thi n the co v e n a n t
.
84 A BR AH AM S CI R CU M CI SI ON .

me intim a te d in va riou s p a ss a ge s n a rra tive w h ich o f the

h a ve s u r vive d e ditori a l a rra n ge m e n t in a ccord a nc e w ith
a noth e r vi e w For in s ta nc e the va s t induce m e nts o ffe re d
.
,

A bra h a m a n d the gre a t horror th a t fe ll on the pa tri a rch

, ,

a pp e a r h a rdly e xplic a bl e on th e th e ory th a t nothin g w a s

conc e d e d on A bra h a m s s id e b e yond th e s urre nd e r o f a ’

w i fe w hom he h a d fre e ly con s ig n e d to e a rthly mon a rch s .

Though the s u s picion ju s t e xpre s s e d a s to the n a tu re o f

A bra h a m s circumci s ion ma y be doubt e d it i s not qu e s
’
,

tio n a b le th a t the rit e o f circumci s ion b e a rs a s ignific a nce

in ra bbi n ic a l tra dition s a n d J e w is h u s a ge s w hich re nd e rs
i ts i n iti a tion by A bra h a m a t l e a s t a s ymbol o f m a rita l
re nunci a tion Thu s th e cu s tom o f pl a cing i n a roo m
.
,

w h e re th e rite o f circumci s ion w a s p e rform e d a pot o f

d u s t w a s e xpl a in e d by the ra bbin s to h a ve re fe re nce to

,

the du s t w hich J e hova h d e cl a re d s hould be the s e rp e n t s

’

food 1
.Th a t circumci s ion s hould h a ve b e e n tra dition a l ly
a s s oci a t e d w ith the t e mpt a tion o f E v e i s a confirm a tion o f

th e int e rpre ta tion w hich r e g a rd s he r ( E v e ) a s the proto

type o f S a ra a n d th e s e rpe nt a s s e xu a l d e s ire .

A lthough if the origin a l s e n s e o f A bra h a m s circ u m

’

c i s i o n w e re w h a t h a s b e e n s ugge s t e d it h a d b e e n ov e rl a id , ,

w h e n th e Book o f G e n e s i s in i ts pre s e nt fo rm w a s comp i l e d ,

by di ffe re nt tra dition s a n d th a t p a tri a rch i s d e s cribe d a s ,

h a ving m a rri e d a ga in a n d h a d oth e r childre n the s upe rior ,

s a nctity o f Sa ra s s o n w a s pr e s e rv e d Ind e e d th e re w ould

’
.
,

s e e m to h a ve continu e d fo r a long ti me a tra dition th a t

the A bra h a mic lin e a n d cov e n a nt w e re to be ca r ri e d o u t

by the s e e d o f the w o ma n a lon e a n d th e p a t e rnity o f

‘ ’
,

J e hova h L ik e Sa ra R e b e k a h i s s te ril e a n d a ft e r h e r
.
, ,

1
Ge n . i ii . 1 4. Ze ro v . H u mmo r , fo l 8, . co ] . 3 . Pa r a sc ha Be re sc h i th
. It
is sa i d tha t, a c co r d i n g to P ro v . x x v. 2 1, if thy e n e my hu n ge r tho u mu st fe e d
hi m d he n c e d ust mu s t be pla c e d fo r
an the se rp e n t w h e n i ts po w e r o v e r ma n
is w e a k e n e d by c i r cu mc i s io n .
 E VI L N A M E OF WOM AN 85

R a ch e l ; the birth o f J a cob a n d E s a u from o n e, a n d of

Jos e ph a n d B e nj a min fro m the oth e r, be ing thro ugh the

inte rve ntion o f J e hova h .

Th e gre a t po w e r o f w om a n fo r good or e vil a n d the fa c t ,

th a t it h a s o ft e n b e e n e x e rci s e d w ith s ubtl e ty— the n a tura l

\
w e a p on o f th e w e a k in d e a li g n w th —
ith e s trong a r e r e
ma r k a bly illu s tra t e d in the l e g e nd s o f th e s e fe m a l e figure s
w hich a pp e a r in conn e ction w it h th e divin e s ch e m e s in the

Book o f Ge n e s i s But e ve n more the p e ril s o f w om a n s

.
’

be a uty a r e illu s tra t e d e s pe ci a lly in E v e a n d Sa ra Th e re

, .

w e re p a rticul a r a n d obviou s re a s on s w hy th e s e re pr e s e nt a

tive w om e n could not be d e gra d e d or d i a boli se d i n th e ir

o w n n a m e s or hi s tory e ve n w h e re th e ir fa s cin a tion s t e nd e d
,

to cou n te rva il the pl a n s o f J e hova h The re a din e s s w ith .

w hich Sa ra promot e d h e r hu s b a nd s pro s titution a n d con

’

s e nt e d to h e r o w n th e tre a ch e ry o f R e b e ka h to h e r s o n
,

E s a u co u ld y e t n o t induce J e w i s h orthodoxy to give e vil

,

n a m e s to th e M a a s o f th e ir ra c e ; but th e in fe re nc e
, donn
ma d e w a s e xpr e s s e d und e r oth e r form s a n d n a m e s It .

b e ca m e a s e ttl e d s up e rs tition th a t w h e re ve r e v il w a s goi n g

o n W om a n w a s a t th e bottom o f it Potiph a r s w i fe J e z e ’
.
, ,

b e l Va s hti a n d D e lil a h w e re a mong th e m a ny s h e s ca p e

, , ,
-

go a ts on w hom w e re l a id the o ffe nc e s o f th e ir a ugu s t o ffici a l

p r e d e c e s s ors w h o could do n o w rong E v e n a ft e r S
.a t’
a n

h a s com e upon the s c e n e a n d i s e nga ge d in t e mpting Job

, ,

i t s e e m s to h a ve be e n thought e ss e nti a l to th e t a s k th a t he
s hould h a ve a n a ge nt b e s id e the troubl e d ma n in the w i fe

w h o ba d e him cur s e God a n d d i e

‘ ’
.

It i s imposs ibl e to s a y a t ju s t w h a t p e riod the ra bbin s

ma d e th e ir ing e niou s di s cov e ry th a t the d e vil a n d W o ma n
e nte re d th e w orld a t the s a m e tim e — h e coming out o f the
,

hol e l e ft by re mova l o f the rib from A d a m be fore it w a s

clos e d Thi s th e y found di s clo se d in the fa ct th a t it is in
.

G e n e s is iii 2 1 d e s cribi n g the cre a tion o f W om a n tha t

.
, ,
 OAH S WI FE
’
N .

th e re a ppe a rs fo r the —
firs t tim e S a mec/z the
s e rp e n t l e tt e r -

S ( in Vaj zlsgv r ) 1 But th e re w e re a mong the m m a ny

.

le ge nd s o f a s imil a r kind th a t l e a ve o n e no w ond e r con

c e rning th e e xi s te nce o f a th a nk s giving ta ught boys t ha t
the y h a ve not be e n cre a t e d w om e n ho w e ve r much o n e ,

ma y be s ca nd a li s e d a t i ts continu a nc e in the pre s e nt d a y .

It w a s only in purs u a nce o f thi s the or y o f W o ma n th a t

the re w a s d e ve lope d a t a l a te r d a y a fe m a l e a s s i sta nt o f
the D e vil in a noth e r d e s ign to foil th e pl a n s o f J e hov a h ,

from the Sc r i p tu a l n a rra tive o f w hich the fe m a l e r 6 1e i s

omitte d I n the Scriptura l l e ge nd o f N o a h h is w i fe i s
.

ba re ly m e n tion e d a n d h e r n a m e is not give n but from a n

, ,

e a rly p e riod va g u e rumours to h e r di s cre dit flo a t e d a bou t ,

a n d th e se g a th e re d con s i s te n cy in the Gno s tic l e ge nd th a t

it w a s thro u gh h e r tha t Sa ta n m a n a ge d to ge t on boa rd

the A r k a s i s e l s e w h e re r e l a t e d ( Pa rt I V ch a p
,
and . .

w a s s o e n a bl e d to r e s u s cit a t e a nt e diluvi a l viol e nc e in th e

drunk e n curs e s o f N oa h Sa t a n did thi s by w orki n g u pon

.

both the curio s ity a n d j e a lo u s y o f N o r a ita the n a me ,

a s s ig n e d N o a h s w i fe
’
.

It h a s b e e n n e c e ss a ry to give a t le ngth the comp a ra tive

vi e w o f the myth o f E d e n in ord e r th a t the re a d e r ma y
e s tim a t e th e ground s upon w hich re s t s a th e ory w hich h a s

be e n s ubmitt e d a ft e r much h e s ita tion conce rning i ts s e n s e .

The ph a llic th e ory by w hich it h a s be com e the fa s hio n

to int e rpr e t s o m a ny o f th e se old fa bl e s a pp e a rs to me to ,

h a ve be e n don e to d e a th ; y e t I c a nnot com e to a n y othe r

conclu s ion conc e rn i n g the l e ge nd o f E v e th a n th a t s he r e
pre se nts th a t pa s s ion a l n a ture o f W om a n w hich be fore it ,

w a s brought u nd e r s uch rigid r e s tra int might e a s ily be r e

,

ga rd e d a s a w e a kn e s s to a n y tribe d e s irou s o f k e e ping its e l f

s e p a ra t e from oth e r trib e s The o a th e x a cte d by A bra h a m
.

1
P a r aa eba Be r e schi th, fo l
. 1 2 , col .
4 . Eise n me n ge r , E n ta ecke:
'

y
ud ml /i a m,
i i 409
. .
 TE M PI A TI ON OF ABR AH AM 37

o f hi s va nt tha t he s hould s e e k out a w i fe from a mong

se r

h i s o w n p e opl e a n d not a mong Ca n a a niti s h w om e n i s o n e

, ,

e x a mpl e a mo n g m a n y o f thi s fe e li n g w hich ind e e d s u r

, , ,

vive s a mong J e w s a t the pre s e nt d a y S uch a s e ntim e nt

.

—
might und e rli e th e s tori e s o f E v e a n d Sa ra the o n e ming
ling the blood o f th e fa mily o f J e hov a h w ith m e re hum a n
fl e s h the oth e r n e a rly con fu s ing it w ith a li e n s
, A s th e .

id e a o f trib a l s a nctity a n d s e pa ra t e n e s s b e ca m e s tre ngth

e n e d by th e furth e r d e v e lopm e nt o f th e ocra tic gov e rnm e n t ,

s uch myth s w ould t a k e on form s re pre s e n ting J e hov a h s

’

j e a lou sy in d e fe n ding hi s fa mily lin e a ga in s t the e vil pow e rs

w hich s ought to con fu s e or d e s troy it On e s uch a tt e mpt
.

a ppe a rs to und e rli e th e s tory o f th e propo s e d sa crific e o f

I s a a c A lthou gh the a ccount w e h a v e o f th a t proc e e ding

.

i n th e Bibl e w a s w ritte n a t a tim e w h e n the E lohi s t a n d

J a hvi s t p a rti e s h a d compromi s e d th e ir riva lri e s to s om e
e xt e nt a n d s ugg e s t s th e id e a th a t J e hov a h him s e l f ord e r e d
,

th e s a crific e in ord e r to tr y th e fa ith o f A bra h a m e nough ,

o f th e primitiv e tra dition linge r s in th e n a rra tive to m a k e

it prob a bl e th a t i ts origin a l int e n t w a s to re l a te ho w o n e o f

the s up e rs e d e d E lohim e nd e a voure d to t e mpt A bra h a m to

s a crific e Sa ra s on ly s o n a n d s o s ubve rt th e a i m o f J e h o
’

v a h to p e rp e tu a te h i s se e d Th e God w ho t e mpte d A bra

.

h a m i s throughout s ha rply di s tingui s h e d from the J e hova h

w h o s e nt h i s a nge l to pre ve nt th e s a crific e a n d s ub s titut e

a n a nim a l victim fo r I s a a c .

A lthough a s w e h a ve se e n Sa ra w a s S p a re d d e gr a d a
, ,

tion i n to a s he d e vil in s ubse qu e nt myth s b e ca u s e h e r

-
,

b o dy w a s pre s e rve d inta ct d e s pite he r l a xity o f mind ,

s uch w a s not th e ca se w ith E v e The s il e n c e conc e rn ing

.

h e r pre s e rve d throughout the Bibl e a ft e r he r fa ll i s told

w a s brok e n by the a nci e nt ra bbin s a n d th e re a ro se multi
,

tu d i n o u s l e ge nd s in w hich h e r intim a ci e s w ith d e vil s a r e

circum sta nti a lly re port e d H e r first child Ca in w a s ge n e
.
, ,
88 LE GE N D S C ON CE RN I N G E VE .

ra lly b e li e ve d to be the s o n o f o n e o f the d e vil s ( Sa m a e l)

th a t co n s orte d w ith he r a n d the w orld w a s s a id to be
,

p e opl e d w ith gnom e s a n d de mon s w hich s he brought

forth d u ring th a t 1 30 y e a rs a t th e e n d o f w hich it i s s t a t e d
tha t A d a m be got a s o n in his o w n im a ge a n d lik e n e s s a n d ,

ca ll e d hi s n a m e Se th ( Ge n v . The pre viou s childre n

.

w e r e s uppo s e d to be n o t in pure ly hum a n form a n d not ,

to h a ve be e n o f A d a m s pa te rnity A d a m ha d during tha t

’
.

tim e re fu se d to h a ve a n y childre n know i n g tha t h e w ould

,

only re a r i nm a te s o f h e ll .

Th e l e g e nd o f E d e n h a s gon e round the w orld doing

va riou s duty but n e a rly a l w a y s a ss oci a t e d w ith the intro
,

duction o f mora l e vil into th e w orld In the L a te ra n .

M u s e um a t R o me th e re i s a re m a rk a bl e ha s re li e f r e p r e -

s e nting a nud e ma n a n d w om a n o ffe ring s a crifice b e fore a

s e rp e nt coil e d a round a tre e w hil e a n a nge l ove r thro w s

,

the a lta r w ith hi s foot . Thi s w a s prob a bly d e s ign e d a s a

fli n g a t the Ophite s a n d i s ve ry inte re s ti n g a s a s urviva l
,

from the a nci e nt A ry a n m e a ni n g o f the Se rp e n t Bu t .

s inc e th e a d a pt a tion o f th e myth by the Se mitic r a c e it h a s ,

ge n e ra lly e mph a s i s e d the Tre e o f the K now l e d ge o f Good

a n d E vil ,
in s te a d o f the Tre e o f I mmorta lity ( A m rita ) ,

w hich i s the chi e f point o f int e re s t in the A ty a my th

p .

Th e re a r e ind e e d tra c e s o f a conflict w it h kno w l edg e a n d

s c e ptici s m in it w hich w e s h a ll h a ve to con s id e r h e re a ft e r .

The m a in popul a r a ss oci a tion w ith it the introduction into ,

th e w orld o f a ll the ill s th a t fl e s h i s h e ir to i s p e rfe ctly ,

cons i s te nt w ith the s e n s e w hich ha s be e n a ttributed to i ts

e a rly H e bre w form ; fo r thi s includ e s the longing fo r m a t e r

n ity i t
,
s t e mpt a tion s a n d i ts p a in s a n d th e s orro w s a n d
,

s in s w hich a r e obviou s ly tra c e a bl e to it .

Som e y e a rs a go w h e n the s p e ct a cul a r dra m a o f Pa ra

,

di se w a s p e rform e d i n Pa ri s the Te mpta tion w a s e ffe cte d

’
,

by me a n s o f a mirror Sa ta n glid e d b e hind th e tre e a s a

.
 PAN D OR A . 37

se rp e nt a n d th e n c a m e forth a s a h a nd s o me ma n a n d a fte r
, ,

utt e ring complim e nts th a t s he could not unde rsta nd p r e ,

s e nte d E v e w ith a s m a ll ova l mirror w hich e xpl a in e d th e m

a ll . M ll e Abingdon a s E v e di s pl a y e d cons umm a te a r t

.

i n h e r e xpre s s ion o f a w a k e ning s e l f a dmira tion o f th e -

lo n ging fo r a dmira tion from th e ma n b e fore h e r a n d the ,

v a r iou s s ta ge s o f s e l f con sciou s n e s s by w hich s he i s brought

-

u n d e r th e Te mpt e r s pow e r Thi s id e a o f the mirror w a s

’
.

n o doubt borrow e d fro m t he corre s ponding fa bl e o f Pa n

d ora On a va se ( E tru s ca n) in the H a milton Coll e ction
.

th e re i s a n a d mi ra bl e r e pre s e nta tion o f Pa ndora op e nin g

h e r box from w hich a ll e vil s a r e e s ca ping
, She is s e a te d .

b e n e a th a tre e a round w hich a s e rpe nt i s coil e d A mong

, .

th e things w hich h a v e com e out o f th e bo x is thi s s a m e

s ma ll ova l mirror I n thi s va ri a nt H ope coming out l a s t
.
, ,

corre s pond s w ith the proph e cy th a t the s e e d o f the w om a n

s h a ll brui s e the s e rp e nt s h e a d Th e a nci e nt E tru s ca n a n d
’
.

th e mod e rn P a ri s i a n ve rs ion a r e both by the mirror fin e ly

conne ct e d w ith the s e xu a l s e n s e o f the l e ge nd .

Th e th e ologica l inte rpre ta tion o f th e b e a uti ful m y th o f

E d e n re pre s e nts a s ort o f s piritu a l vivi s e ction ; y e t e ve n
a s a dogm a th e s to r y pre s e rve s high t e s ti mony : w h e n

w om a n fa ll s the hum a n ra c e fa ll s w ith he r ; w h e n ma n

ri s e s a bove hi s in w a rd or outw a rd d e gra d a tion s a n d r e

c ov e rs h i s P a ra di s e i t i s b e c a u s e h i s n a tur e i s r e fin e d by
,

th e purity o f w o ma n a n d h i s hom e s w e e te n e d by h e r
,

h e a rt .Th e re i s a w id e s pre a d s upe rs tition th a t e ve ry

Se rp e nt w ill s i n gl e out a w om a n from a n y numb e r o f
p e opl e fo r i ts a tt a ck In s uch dim w a y i s fe lt he r ge ntl e
.

b rui s i n g o f m a n s re ptili a n s e l f N o w ond e r tha t w om a n

’
.

i s e xclud e d from thos e re gion s o f li fe w h e re m a n s policy

’

i s s ti ll to cra w l e a t du s t a n d bite the h e e l

, , .

It i s I s uppos e the old M ys te ry o f the Cre a tion w hich

, ,

le ft Cove n t r y i ts l e ge nd o f a Good E v e (Godiva ) w h o se ,

90 G OD I VA .

n a k e dn e s s s hould br ing b e n e fit to ma n a s th a t o f the first ,

E v e brought him e vil . Th e fi g l e a f o f E v e g a t h e r e d n o

-

doubt from the tre e w hos e forbidd e n fr uit s he ha d e a te n ,

h a s gra du a lly gro w n s o l a rge a s to clo a k h e r mind a n d

s pirit a s w e ll a s h e r form . H e r w ork mu s t s til l be chi e fly
th a t o f a s pirit v e il e d a n d a s h a m e d H e r p a ss ion s s u p
.

pre ss e d he r ge niu s di sbe li e ve d he r infl u e nce forc e d to s e e k

, ,

hidd e n a n d o fte n ill e gitim a te ch a nn e l s W om a n n o w out ,

w a r d ly re pr e s e nt s a cre a tion o f ma n to s uit h i s o w n c o n

v e n ie n c e .But the Se rpe nt ha s a l s o ch a nge d a gre a t d e a l

s inc e th e d a ys o f E v e a n d n o w
,
a s Int e llig e nc e h a s found
, ,

out ma n in h i s fool s p a ra di se w h e re h e s tolidly m a inta in s

’
-

th a t w ith fe w e xc e ption s it i s good fo r ma n to be a lon e

, , .

But good w om e n a r e re m e mbe ri n g Godiva ; a n d re a li s i n g

th a t the ch a r ms w hich h a ve s om e tim e s low e re d ma n or cos t
,

hi m d e a r ma y be m a d e h i s s a lva tion It s h a ll be so w h e n
.

W om a n c a n fa ce w ith cle a r e ye d puri ty a ll the fa cts o f

-

n a ture ,
c a n c a s t a w a y the m e n ta l a n d mora l sw a thin g
clothe s tra n s mitte d from E d e n a n d put forth a ll h e r
,
.

po w e rs fo r the w e l fa re o f m a nkind a Good E v a w ho m ,

-

C ove ntry Tom s ma y c a ll n a k e d but w ho i s not a s h a m e d

,
‘

o f the g a rb o f Innoc e nc e a n d Truth .

 (
J
9 t ‘

C H A PT E R IX .

L I LI TH .

—
M a d o n n a s Ad a m s fi r st ’
w ife — H e r fl i ght an d d o o m— Cr e a ti o n of

de v i ls — Lilit ma r r ie s Sa ma el
h — Tre e
'

of Li fe Li lith
’
t in
s p a r

th e Te mpta ti o n —H e r lo c k s La mi a Bo d e i ma — M e sc hi a an d
M e s c hi a n e —Ama zo n s— M a te r n i ty—R i b—
the o r y o f W o ma n — Kali
a n d D u r ga — Ca pti v i ty o f W o ma n .

TH E a tt e mpt o f the compil e rs o f the Book o f G e n e s i s to

a m a lga m a t e th e E lohi s t a n d J e hovi s t le ge nd s ignoring ,

th e mora l a bys s th a t y a w n s b e t w e e n th e m le d to s om e ,

s u fli c i e n tly curiou s re s ult s On e o f th e s e it ma y be w e ll

.

e nough to e x a min e h e re s inc e though l a te r in form th a n

, ,

s om e oth e r l e g e nd s w h ich re m a in to be con s id e re d i t i s ,

clos e ly con n e cte d in s pirit w ith the a nci e nt myth o f E d e n

a n d illu s tra tiv e o f it .

The di ffe re nce s b e t w e e n the tw o cre a tion s o f ma n a n d

w om a n critica lly e x a mi n e d in the pre viou s ch a pt e r w e re

fu lly r e cogni s e d by the a nci e nt r a bbin s a n d th e ir s p e cul a ,

tions on the s ubj e ct l a id the ba s i s fo r the furth e r l e ge nd

th a t th e w om a n cre a te d (Ge n i ) a t th e s a m e tim e w ith
. .

A d a m a n d th e re fore n o t po ss ibly the w om a n form e d

,

from h is rib w a s a firs t w i fe w h o turn e d out b a dly

,
.

To thi s firs t w i fe o f A d a m it w a s but n a t u ra l to a s s ign

th e n a m e o f o n e o f the m a ny a nci e n t godd e s s e s w h o h a d

be e n d e gra d e d into d e mon e s se s For th e hi s to ry o r .

M a riol a try in the N orth o f E urop e h a s b e e n m a ny tim e s

a nticip a t e d : th e mothe r s te nd e rn e ss a n d s e l f d e votion
’
-

,
9 : I I L I TI f .

th e first s m il e o f love upon s oci a l ch a o s a vai le d to g iv e ,

e ve ry r a c e i ts Ma donn a w ho se popul a rity dre w a round ,

h e r th e fa ta l fa vours o f pri e s tcra ft w e ighing he r do w n a t ,

l a s t to be a type o f co r ru ption E ve n the Se mitic trib e s . ,

w ith th e ir h a rd m a s culin e d e iti e s s e e m to h a v e onc e w o r ,

s hipp e d A llla t w hos e n a m e s urvive s in E lohim a n d A ll a h

,
.

A mong th e s e d e gra d e d M a donn a s w a s L i lith w hos e n a m e ,

ha s be e n found in a Ch a ld e a n in s cription w hich sa ys w h e n , ,

a cou ntry i s a t p e a c e L ilith ( L i la tu ) i s not b e for e th e m

’
.

The n a m e i s from A s s yr la y ld H e bre w L i l ( night) w hic h .

, ,

a lre a dy in A cc a di a n m e a nt s orc e ry It proba bly p e r ‘ ’

.

s o n i fie d a t firs t
, th e d a rkn e ss th a t s ooth e d childre n to
,

s lu mb e r ; a n d though the w ord L u lla b y h a s w ith m or e ,

inge nuity th a n a ccura cy be e n d e rive d from L i li tlz A di th e , ,

th e o ry ma y s ugge s t th e p a th by w hich th e s o ft Sou th e rn

n ight c a m e to m e a n a nocturn a l s p e ctre .

The only pl a c e w h e re the n a m e o f L ilith occurs in th e

Bibl e i s I s a xxxiv 1 4 w h e re the E nglis h ve rs ion re nd e r s
. .
,

i t s cre e ch o w l
‘
In the V ul ga te it i s tra n s l a te d L a mi a
-
.
’
,
’

a n d in L uth e r s Bibl e K obold ; G e s e n i u s e xpl a in s i t a s

’ ‘ ’

nocturn a night s pe ctre ghos t

,
-

, .
’

The ra bbi n ica l myths conc e rning L ilith o ft e n p a s s e d ,

ove r a s pu e ril e fa nci e s a pp e a r to me pre gn a nt w ith s ign i

,

fic a n c e a n d b e a uty Th u s A bra h a m E c c he le n s i s giving a

. ,

poor A ra bic ve rs ion o f the l e g e nd sa ys Thi s fa bl e h a s , ,

b e e n tra n s mitte d to the A ra bs from J e w i s h s ource s by

s om e conve rt s o f M a hom e t from Ca bb a li s m a n d R a bbi n

i s m w h o h a ve tra n s fe rre d a ll th e J e w i s h fool e ri e s to th e

,

A ra bs "
. But the ra bbinica l l e ge nd gre w ve ry s lo w ly a n d ,

re l a t e s to principl e s a n d fa cts o f s oci a l e v ol u tio n w ho s e

forc e a n d m e a ning a r e not y e t e xh a u s te d .

Pre mi s ing th a t the l e ge nd i s h e re pi e c e d tog e th e r m a i n l y

from E i s e nm e ng e r w ho a t e a ch m e ntion o f th e s u bj e c t
’
,

1 lm
H is t Ara bt
. . En tde cke s u d en
J hum.
t
 L I L I TH S F L I GH T!
’
93

g iv e s a mpl e re fe re nce s to ra bbinica l a uthoriti e s I w ill ,

re l a t e it w ithout furth e r re fe re nce s o f my o w n .

L ilith w a s sa id to h a ve b e e n cre a t e d a t the s a m e tim e

a n d in th e s a m e w a
y a s A d a m ; a n d w h e n t h e tw o m e t
th e y in s ta ntly qu a rre ll e d a bout the h e a d s hip w hich bot h
cl a im e d A d a m b e ga n the firs t conve rsa tion by a s s e rting
.

th a t he w a s to be he r m a s te r L ilith re pli e d th a t s he ha d
.

e qu a l right to be chi e f A d a m in s i s ting L ilith utt e re d a

.
,

c e rta in s p e ll ca ll e d S chm lza mmplzo r a s clz—a fte rw a rd s con

-

fi d e d by a fa ll e n a ng e l to o n e o f the d a ughte rs o f me n w ith

w hom h e h a d a n intrigu e a n d o f fa mou s pot e ncy in
,

—
J e w i s h folklore the re s ult o f w hich w a s th a t s he obta in e d
w ing s L ilith th e n fl e w out o f E d e n a n d out o f s ight 1
. .

A d a m th e n cri e d in di s tre s s
. M a s t e r o f the w orld the ,

w om a n w ho m thou did s t give me ha s flo w n a w a y The

’
.

C r e a tor th e n s e nt thre e a ng e l s to fi n d L ilith a n d pe rs u a d e

h e r to re turn to th e ga rd e n ; but s he d e cl a re d th a t it could
b e n o p a ra di s e to h e r i f s he w a s to be the s e rv a nt o f ma n .

S h e r e m a in e d hove ring ov e r the R e d Se a w h e re th e ,

a ng e l s ha d found h e r w hil e th e s e
,
re turn e d w ith he r
i nfl e xibl e re s olution A n d s he w ould not yi e ld e ve n a fte r
.

th e a ng e l s h a d b e e n s e nt a g a in to conv e y to he r a s th e ,

a lt e rn a tiv e o f not r e tur n ing th e doom th a t s he s hould

,

b e a r m a ny childre n but th e s e s hould a ll d i e in in fa ncy .

Thi s p e n a lty w a s s o a w ful th a t L ilith w a s a bout to

commit s uicid e by drow ni n g he rs e l f in the s e a w h e n th e ,

thre e a nge l s move d by he r a ngui s h a gre e d th a t she s hould

, ,

h a ve the comp e n s a tion o f pos s e s s i n g full pow e r ove r a ll

childre n a ft e r birth up to th e ir e ighth d a y on w hich s he
promi s e d th a t s h e w ould n e ve r di sturb a n y b a be s w ho
w e re und e r th e ir (the a nge l s ) prote ction H e nce the
’
.

1 b
This le ge n d ma y ha v e e e n i n the mi n d o f the w r i te r o f the Bo o k o f
Re v e la ti o n s w he n (x ii 1 4 ) he d e scr i be s the W o ma n w h o r e c e i v e d w i n gs tha t
.

s he might e sc a pe t .
’
b
he Se r p e n t Lili th s w i n gs o r e he r to the Se rpe n t .
94 CR EA TI ON OF D E VI LS .

ch a rm ( Ca me a ) a ga in s t L ilith hung round the n e ck s o f

J e w i s h childre n bore the n a m e s o f th e s e thre e a nge l s
Se nd i S a n s e n oi a n d Sa mma n ge lé f L ilith h a s s p e c i a l
, , .

po w e r ove r a ll childre n born out o f w e dlock fo r w ho m s h e

w a tch e s,
dre ss e d in fin e s t ra i me nt ; a n d s he ha s e s pe ci a l
pow e r on the firs t d a y o f the month a n d on the Sa bba th,

e ve ning . W h e n a littl e child l a ugh s in i ts s l e e p it w a s

b e li e ve d th a t L ilith w a s w ith it a n d the ba be mu s t b e
,

s truck on th e no s e thre e tim e s the w ord s b e ing thri c e

,

re p e a t e d A w a y curse d Lilith ! tho u h a s t n o pl a c e

,

h e re !
The divorc e b e t w e e n Lilith a n d A d a m b e ing compl e t e ,

th e s e cond E v e M oth e r) w a s n o w form e d a n d this ,

tim e out o f Ad a m s rib in ord e r th a t the re migh t b e n o

’

qu e s tion o f he r d e pe nd e nc e a n d tha t the e mb a rra s s i n g

,

qu e s tion o f w om a n s rights might n e ve r be r a i s e d a ga in

’
.

But a bo u t thi s tim e the D e vil s w e re a ls o cre a te d .

Th e s e be ings w e re the l a s t o f the s i x d a ys cre a tion bu t

’

th e y w e re m a d e s o l a te in the d a y tha t th e re w a s n o
d a ylight by w hich to fa s hion bodi e s fo r th e m The .

Cre a tor w a s ju s t putting th e m o ff w ith a promi s e th a t

h e w ould ma k e th e m bodi e s n e xt d a y w h e n 10 ! the ,

—
Sa bb a th w hich w a s o a long ti e p
f r m e r s i
o n fie d — ca m e
a n d sa t b e fore him to r e pr e s e nt th e m a n y e vil s w hic h
,

might re s ult fro m the pre ce d e nt he w ould se t by w orking

e ve n a littl e on th e d a y w ho s e s a nctity ha d a lre a dy b e e n

promulga te d Und e r the s e circum st a nc e s the Cre a tor told

.

th e D e vil s th a t th e y mu s t di s p e rs e a n d try to ge t bodi e s

a s th e y could find th e m On thi s a ccount th e y h a ve be e n

.

compe ll e d e ve r s ince to s e e k ca rn a l e njoym e nts by n e s tling

in the h e a rts o f hum a n b e i n gs a n d a va iling th e m se lve s o f
h u ma n s e n s e s a n d p a s s ion s .

Th e s e D e vil s a s cre a t e d w e re e th e re a l s pirit s ; th e y ha d

c e rta i n a tmosph e ric forms but fe lt th a t th e y ha d be e n
,
'
 '

L I LI TH AN D SAM AEL 95

ba dly tre a t e d i n not h a ving b e e n provid e d w ith fl e s h a n d

bl o od a n d th e y w e re e nviou s o f the ca rn a l pl e a s ure s
,

w h ich hum a n b e i n gs could e njoy . So long a s ma n a n d

w o ma n re m a in e d pure th e D e vil s could not t a k e po s s e s
,

s i o n o f th e ir bodi e s a n d e njoy s uch pl e a s ure s a n d it w a s,

th e re fore o f gre a t import a nc e to th e m th a t the first hum a n

p a ir s hould be corrupt e d A t the h e a d o f th e s e D e vil s
.

s t o od n o w a fa ll e n a n ge l — Sa m a e l
. Of thi s a r c h fie n d
mo re i s s a id e l s e w h e re ; a t this point it n e e d only be sa id
th a t h e ha d b e e n a n id e a l fla mi n g Se rp e nt le a d e r o f the
,

S e r a phim . H e w a s a lre a dy burning w ith lu s t a n d e nvy ,

a s h e w itn e ss e d th e pl e a s ure s o f A d a m a n d E v e i n E d e n ,

w h e n h e found b e a uti fu l L ili th l a m e nting h e r w r ong s in

l o n e lin e s s.

S h e b e ca me hi s w i fe . The n a m e o f Sa m a e l by o n e
i n t e rpre ta tion s ignifi e s the Le ft ; a n d w e ma y s uppos e
’

th a t L ilith found him ra dic a l on the qu e s tion o f fe m a l e

e q u a lity w hich s h e h a d ra i s e d in E d e n H e ga ve h e r a
.

s p l e ndid kingdom w h e re s he w a s a tt e nd e d by 4 80 troops ;

b u t a ll thi s could not comp e n sa t e h e r fo r th e los s o f E d e n ,

— s h e s e e m s n e ve r to h a ve re gre tt e d pa rting w ith A d a m ,

—a n d fo r the los s o f he r childre n She re m a in e d the

.

L a dy o f Sorro w . H e r gre a t e n e my w a s M a c h a la th w ho
r e s id e d ove r 4 78 troop s a n d w h o w a s fo r e ve r d a ncing
p , ,

a s Li lith w a s fo r e ve r s ighing a n d w e e ping It w a s long

.

b e l i e ve d th a t a t c e rt a in tim e s the voice o f L ilith s gri e f

’

c o u ld be h e a rd in th e a i r .

Sa ma el found in L ilit h a w illing con s pira tor a ga in s t

J e hova h in h is pl a ns fo r ma n a n d w om a n The corru p .

tion o f th e s e tw o m e a nt to the troop s o f Sa m a el bring

, ,

ing th e ir bodi e s dow n into a pl a n e w h e re th e y might

b e e n t e r e d by th e m s e lve s (the D e vil s) not to m e ntion a t
,

p r e s e nt t h e m a ni fold oth e r motiv e s by w hich th e y w e re

a ctu a t e d
. It ma y he re m a rk e d a l s o tha t in the ra bbinica l
9 6 L I L I TH A S TE M P TE R .

tra dition s a ft e r th e ir A ry a n i m
,
pre gn a tion th e re a r e tra c e s ,

o f a d e s ire o f th e D e vil s to r e a ch th e Tre e o f L i fe .

Truly a w ondrou s Tre e ! A round it in i ts pl a c e a t ,

th e e a s t o f E d e n s a ng s i x hundre d thou s a nd love ly a ng e l s

,

w ith h a ppy hymn s a n d it glorifi e d the v a s t g a rd e n , It .

po s se s s e d fiv e hundre d thou s a nd di ffe re nt fl a vours a n d

odours w hich w e re w a fte d to the four s id e s o f the w orl d
,

by z e phyrs from se ve n lu s trou s cloud s th a t m a d e i ts

ca nopy B e n e a th it s a t the di s cipl e s o f W i s dom o n
.

re s pl e nd e nt s e a ts s cre e n e d from the bl a z e o f s u n moon

, , ,

a n d cloud ve il e d from pot e ncy o f the s t a rs ( th e r e w a s n o

-

nigh t) ; a n d w ithin w e re the joys re fe rre d to in th e ve rs e

( Prov viii . T h a t I m
.a y c a u s e tho s e th a t lov e me to

i n h e rit s ubs t a nce a n d I w ill fill th e ir tre a s ure s .

’

H a d th e re be e n a n ord e r o f fe m a l e ra bbin s the s tory o f

L ilith might h a ve born e obviou s modific a tion s a n d s he ,

might h a ve a pp e a re d a s a h e roin e a nxiou s to re s cu e h e r

se x from s la v e ry to ma n A s it i s the imm e mori a l p r e .

roga tive o f ma n to la y a ll bl a m e upon w om a n tha t be ing ,

pa rt o f the h e redita ry follow ing o f A d a m it i s not w ond e r ,

fu l th a t L ilith w a s in d u e tim e m a d e re s pon s ibl e fo r the

t e mpta tion o f E v e She w a s s uppose d to .

h a ve b e guil e d the Se rp e nt on gu a rd a t
the g a te o f E d e n to l e nd h e r hi s form fo r
a tim e a ft e r w hich th e ory the curs e o n ,

the s e rp e nt might m e a n th e bi n ding o f

L ilith fo r ev e r in th a t form Thi s w ould .

a pp e a r to h a ve origi n a t e d th e not i on me n

ti o n e d in Co me s to r ( H i s t Schol 1 2 th . .
,

c e nt ) th a t w hil e the se rp e nt w a s y e t e re ct
.

it ha d a virgin s h e a d Th e a ccomp a ny
’

I g —L
.

E
"
11 1 r n A N D
‘
. 1 . va

(M dm l m d )
e ing e xa mpl e is from a ve r y e a rly mi s
a u .

s a l in the po s s e s s ion o f Si r Jo s e ph H ook e r o f w hic h ,

I could not di s cove r th e d a t e or hi s tory but the the o ry ,

 L I L I TH s BE A U T Y
’
.
97

is tra c e a bl e in the e ighth ce ntu r y In thi s p icture w e .

h a v e a n e a rly e x a mpl e o f tho s e w hich h a ve s inc e b e com e

fa mili a r in old Bible s Pi e tro d Orv i e to pa inte d thi s s e r ’
.

p e nt
-
w om a n in h i s fin e s t fre s co a t Pi s a P e rh a p s in no , .

o th e r pictu r e h a s the g e niu s o f M ichael A ng e lo b e e n more

fe licitou s th a n in th a t on the c e ilin g o f the Si s tin e Ch a p e l ,

i n w hich L ilith i s portra y e d In this picture ( Fig 2 ) . .

the m a rve llou s be a uty o f hi s firs t w i fe a ppe a rs to h a ve

a w a k e n e d th e e nthu s i a s m o f A d a m ; a n d ind e e d it i s quit e , ,

F ig . z .
—Ts u r r a r ro rs n un Ex r u rs ro s ( M ic hae l A n ge lo , Sistin e Cha p e l) .

in h a rmony w i th the e a rli e r my th tha t Li lith s houl d be o f

g re a t e r b e a uty th a n E v e .

A n a rti s t a n d poe t o f our o w n tim e ( R os s e tti) ha s by

both o f h is a rts c e l e bra te d the fa t a l be a uty o f L ilith .

H i s L il ith bringing s o ft s l e e p a nt e d a t e s a s I think th e

‘ ’

, , , ,

fa ir d e vil o f the R a bbin s but i s a l s o the m e di e va l w itch

,

a g a in s t w ho s e b e a uti fu l lock s M e phi s toph e l e s w a rn s Fa u s t

w h e n s he a ppe a rs a t the W a l p urgi s night orgi e -

.

T he r o se a nd p o ppy a r e he r fl o w e r s fo r w h e r e
I s he n o t fo u n d , 0 Lili th , w h o m s h e d s c e n t

An d so ft sh e d
-
ki s se s a n d s o ft s le e p s ha ll s n a r e ?
Lo 1
’
a s th a t y o u th s e ye s bu rn e d a t th i n e , s o w e n t

Th y s pe ll thr o u gh hi m, a n d le ft h i s s tr a ight n e c k be n t ,

An d r o u n d hi s he a r t o n e s tr a n gli n g go ld e n ha ir .

VOL I I
. .
 3 L I LI TH S L O CK S
’
9 .

The pote ncy o f L ilith s tre ss e s ha s prob a bly i ts orig in i n

’

th e h a iry n a ture a s cribe d by th e R a bb i n s to a ll d e mon s

a n d found fully re pre s e nt e d in E s a u P e rha p s .

the s e rp e nt lock s o f M e du sa h a d a s imil a r origin

-
Nay .
,

the re i s a s ugge s tion in D a nte tha t th e s e tre sse s o f

M e du s a ma y h a v e once r e pre s e nte d fa s cin a ting ra th e r
tha n horribl e s e rp e nts A s s he a ppro a ch e s Virg il i s
.
,

a la rm e d fo r h is broth e r po e t -

Tu r n thyse lf a c , b k and ke e p thy v i s i o n hi d

F o r , i f the G o r go n s h o w a n d th e n be h o ld
,
’
e e r r e tu r n i n
’ ’
Tw o u ld a ll be o er w i th g up .

So di d th e ma s te r sa y; an d he h i ms e lf
Tu r n e d me , an d to my o w n h a n d s tr u ste d n ot,

Bu t tha t w i th h i s to o h e sh o u ld co v e r me .

0 y o u th a t h a v e a s a n e i n te lli ge n ce ,
k
Lo o ye u n to th e d o c tr i n e w h i c h he re i n
’
Co n c e a ls i tse lf n e a th th e s tr a n ge v e r s e s v e i
’
l .
1

I f thi s m e a n s th a t the s e curity a ga in s t e vil i s to ve il the

e y e s fro m it V i rgil s w a rning w ould b e a g a in s t a be a u ti fu l
’
,

s e duce r s imil a r to th e w a rning giv e n by M e phi stoph e le s

,

to Fa u st a ga in s t the fa t a l ch a rm s o f L ilith Since h o w .

,

e ve r, e ve n in the tim e o f H o me r th e G orgon w a s a ,

popul a r symbol o f t e rrors th e po ss ibility o f a s urviva l

,

i n D a nt e s mind o f a n y more pri mitive a s s oci a tion w ith

’

M e du s a is qu e s tion a bl e The P a ulin e doctrin e th a t the

.
,

glory o f a w om a n i s he r h a ir no doubt ha d importa nt ,

a nt e c e d e nt s : s uch glory might e a s ily b e d e gr a d e d a n d ,

e ve ry h a ir turn to a fa ta l bind e r like the o n e gold e n

‘ ’
,

t h re a d o f L ilith ro u nd th e h e a rt o f he r victim or it might

e n s n a re i ts o w n e r In Tre ve s Ca th e dra l th e re i s a curiou s
.

old picture o f a w om a n c a rri e d to h e ll by h e r be a uti ful

h a ir ; o n e d e vi l dra w s h e r by it a noth e r i s s e a te d on he r ,

b a ck a n d drive s he r by locks o f it a s a bridl e .

In the l a te r d e ve lopm e nts o f the myth o f L ilith s he

1
I n fe r n o , ix .
56—64 .
 E OD RI M A .
99

w a s, a mong the A ra bs tra n s form e d to a Ghoul but in , ,

ra bbinica l l e ge nd she a ppe a rs to h a ve be e n influ e nc e d by

the s tory o f L a mi a w ho s e n a m e is s ubs tit u t e d fo r L ilith
,

in the V ulga t e L ik e L ilith L a mi a w a s robb e d o f h e r

.
,

childre n a n d w a s drive n by d e s p a ir to a ve nge h e rs e l f on

,

a ll childre n Th e n a m e o f L a mi a w a s long u s e d to
1
.

frighte n It a li a n childr e n a s th a t o f L ilith w a s by H e bre w

,

nurs e s .

It is po ss ibl e th a t th e p a rt a ss ign e d to L ilith in the

te mpt a tion o f E v e ma y h a ve be e n s ugge s t e d by a nci e nt
E gypti a n s culpture s w hich re pre s e nt the Tre e o f L i fe in
,

A m e nti ( P a ra di s e ) gu a rd e d by the Se rp e nt godd e ss N u -

.

O n e o f th e s e in the Briti s h M u s e um re pre s e nts the Os i

r i a n on h i s journ e y to h e a ve n a n d h i s s oul i n form o f a ,

h um a n h e a d e d bird drinki n g the w a t e r o f L i fe a s poure d

-

o u t to th e m from a j a r by the godd e s s w h o coil s a round

the s a cre d s yc a more h e r w om a n s bu s t a n d fa c e a pp e a r

’

i n g a mid the bra nch e s much lik e L ilith in our old

p ictur e s .

Th e Singh a l e s e a l s o h a ve a kind o f L ilith or L a mi a

w hom th e y ca ll Bo d r i ma though s he i s not s o much ,

d re a d e d fo r th e s a k e o f childre n a s fo r he r vindictive fe e l
i n gs to w a rd s me n She i s the ghos t o f a w om a n w h o di e d
.

i n childbirth a n d in gre a t a gony She ma y b e h e a rd w a il .

i n g in the night it i s s a id a n d i f s h e m e e t s a n y ma n w i ll
, ,

c hok e him to d e a th W h e n h e r w a iling i s h e a rd me n a r e

.

c a re ful to s t a y w ithin doors but the w om e n go forth w ith ,

b room s in th e ir h a nd s a n d a bu s e Bo d r i ma w ith e pith e ts .

S he fe a rs w om e n e s pe ci a lly w h e n th e y c a rry broom s But

,
.

th e w om e n h a ve a l s o s om e comp a s s ion fo r thi s poor gho s t ,

1
She w as a Lybi a n Qu ee n be lo v e d by Ze u s, w hos e child re n w e re v ic ti ms
of Hera
’
s j ea lo u sy She w as d a ughte r o f Be lu s, a n d i t i s a n o ta ble
. co in c i

d e n ce , i f n o mo re , tha t i n Ge n . x x x v i .
‘
Be la is me n ti o n e d as a k i n g o f Ed o m ,

the d o ma i n o f Sa ma é l, w ho ma r ri e d Lili th .
to o M E SCH I A A N D M E SCH I AN E .

an d o ft e n l e a ve a l a mp a n d s om e be te l l e a ve s w h e re sh e
ma y ge t s om e w a r mth a n d com fort from th e m I f Bod .

rim a b e fire d a t th e re ma y be found pe rha ps a d e a d

, , ,

liz a rd n e a r th e s pot in the morning .

A s protom a rtyr o f fe m a l e ind e p e nd e nc e L ilith s u ffe re d ,

a fa te not unlik e th a t o f he r s i s t e rs a n d s ucce s s ors in ou r

o w n tim e w ho h a ve a pp e a l e d from th e l e ge nd a ry d e ci s ion

m a d e in E d e n s he b e ca m e the prototype o f the s trong

mind e d a n d cold h e a rt e d w om a n a n d pe rs onifica tio n o f
’
-

the fa ta l fa s cin a tion o f the p a s s ionl e s s H e r s pe ci a l re l a tio n

.

to childre n w a s gra du a lly e xp a nd e d a n d s he w a s re ga rd e d

,

a s the p e rilou s s e duc e r o f young me n e a ch o f h e r victim s

,

p e ri s hing o f unre quit e d p a ss ion She w a s e ve r yo u ng a n d

.
,

a l w a y s dr e s s e d w it h gr e a t be a uty It w ould s e e m th a t
.

th e curs e upon he r fo r fors a king A da m — th a t he r childre n

s hould d e in in
i fa —
ncy w a s e s c a pe d in the ca se o f the chil
dre n s he ha d by Sa m a e l She w a s a lmo s t a s prolific a s
.

E chidn a Through a ll th e l a tt e r ra bbinic a l lore it i s r e

.

p e a t e d, S a m a e l i s th e fi e ry s e rp e nt L ilith th e crook,
e d
s e rp e nt a n d from th e ir unio n c a m e L e vi a th a n A s mod e u s
’
, , ,

a n d ind e e d mo s t o f the fa mou s d e vil s .

Th e re i s a n a n ci e nt P e rs i a n l e ge nd o f the firs t ma n
a n d w om a n M e s chi a a n d M e s c h i a n e th a t th e y fo r a lon g
, ,

tim e live d h a ppily toge th e r : th e y hu n te d toge the r a n d ,

di s cove re d fir e a n d m a d e a n a x e a n d w ith it built th e m a

, ,

hut Bu t n o s oon e r ha d th e y thu s s e t up hou se ke e pi n g

.

th a n th e y fought t e rribly a n d a ft e r w ounding e a ch oth e r

, , ,

p a r te d It i s not s a id w hich re m a in e d r u l e r o f the hut

.
,

but w e l e a rn th a t a fte r fi fty ye a rs o f divorce the y w e re

re unite d .

Th e s e l e g e n d s s ho w th e qu e s tion o f e qu a lity o f th e
se x e s to h a v e b e e n a v e ry s e riou s o n e in e a rly tim e s
'

The story o f M e schi a a n d M e s c h i a n e fa irly re pre s e nts

prim itive ma n living by the hunt ; tha t o f E d e n s ho w s
 A M AZ ON S . 101

ma n nt e ri n g on the w ork o f a griculture I n n e i th e r o f

e .

th e s e occupa tion s w ould th e re be a n y re a s on w hy w om a n

s hould b e s o un e q u a l a s to s e t in motion the forc e s w hich

h a ve dimini s h e d h e r phy s ic a l s ta ture a n d d e gra d e d h e r

pos ition W om e n c a n s till hunt a n d fis h a n d th e y a r e
.
,

quit e ma n s e qu a l in tilling the

’

I n a ll se x mythology th e re a r e inti ma tion s tha t w om e n

-

w e re t a k e n c a ptive Th e procl a m a tion o f fe m a l e s ubor

.

d in a t i o n i s m a d e not o n ly in the l e ge nd o f E ve s cre a tion

’

out o f th e m a n s rib but i n the e mph a s i s w ith w hich he r

’
,

n a m e i s d e cl a r e d to h a v e b e e n gi v e n h e r b e c a u s e s h e w a s th e

M oth e r o f a ll living In the va r iou s ly s ignifica nt l e g e nd s

.

o f th e A m a zon s th e y a r e s a id to h a ve burn e d a w a y th e ir

bre a s ts th a t th e y might u s e the bo w : in the hi s tory o f

—
cont e mpora ry A ma zon s s uch a s th e fe m a l e A r e oi o f
—
Polyn e s i a the l e ge nd i s i n t e rpre t e d in the s ys te m a tic
s l a u ght e r o f th e ir childr e n In the hunt M e s chi a might .
,

b e a id e d by M e s c hi a n e in m a ny w a ys ; in dr e s s ing the
g a rd e n A d a m might find L ilith or E v e a h e lp m e e t fo r ‘ ’

th e w ork ; but in th e b r ut a l régim e o f w a r th e ch i ld d i s

a bl e s w o ma n a n d th e a ffe ction s o f m a t e rnity re nd e r h e r

,

ma n s i n fe r ior in th e w ork o f butch e ry H e ra kl e s w in s

’
.

1
The ma rtia l a n d hu n tin g cu s to ms o f the Ge r ma n w o me n , a s w e ll a s th e i r
e qu a li ty w i th me n m a y b e tr a
, c e d i n th e v e s ti ge s o f th e i r d e c li n e I I ex e .

( w i tc h ) i s fr o m ha g (fo r e s t) the pr i e s te sses w ho ca r r i e d the Br o o m o f Tho r

w e r e c a lle d H a gd i s s e n . Be fo r e the s e v e n te e n th c e n tu r y the He x e w a s ca lle d

D ru d or Tr u d ( re d fo lk, r e la te d to the Li gh tn i n g go d ) -
. Bu t the fa mo u s fe ma le
h u n te r s an d w a r r i o rs o f Wo da n , k
the Va l yr i e s, w e r e so c a lle d a lso ; an d the

p r e s e r v a ti o n of the e p i the t ( Tru d ) i n the no ble na me G e r tru d e i s a co n n e cting

li n k be tw e e n the Ge r ma n A ma zo n s d the p o li ti cal po w e r so
an lo n g ma i n ta i n e d
by wo me n i n th e me c o u n try
sa . The i r o ffic e a s p r i e s te ss e s p r o ba bly ma r ks
a

s te p d o w n w a r d fr o m the i r o u td o o r e qu a li t y B y th i s r o u te ,
a s p r i e s te.sse s o f
d i a bo lis e d d e i ti e s, the y be c a me w i tc h e s ; bu t ma n y fo lk le ge n d s ma d e the se -

w i tc he s sti ll gr e a t r id e rs a n d the D e v i l w a s sa i d to tr a n s fo r m a n d r id e t
, he m
a s d a p ple gr e y ma r e s The c hi e f c ha r ge a ga i n s t th e w i tc h e s , th a t o f ca rn a l
.

c o mme r c e w i t h d e v i ls, is a ls o sign i fic a n t Li k e Li li th w o me n be c a me d e v i ls

’
.
,

br i d e s w he n e v e r the y w e r e n o t c o n te n t w i th si tti n g a t ho me W i th the di s ta ff

an d the c hi ld.
1oz M A TE R N I T Y .

gre a t glory by s l a ying H yppolite but the le ge nd s o f h e r

—
la t e r re a ppe a ra nce s a s L ibu ss a a t Pra gu e & c — follo w th e
, .
,

l e ss mythologi c a l s tory o f the A m a zo n s give n by H e ro

d o tu s ( I V 1 . w h o re p re se nt s the Scythi a n s a s gra d u a lly

di s a rming the m by s e nding out th e ir youth s to m e e t th e m

w ith d a lli a nc e in s t e a d o f w ith w e a pon s The youth s w e nt
.

o ff w ith th e ir c a ptur e d c a ptor s a n d fro m th e ir u n ion s p ra ng

,

the Sa u r o ma tae a mong w hom th e me n a n d w om e n dre ss e d

,

a lik e
,
a n d fou ght a n d hun te d tog e th e r But o f the re a l
.

outcom e o f th a t truc e a n d u n ion Te nny s on c a n te ll u s

more th a n H e rodotu s : in h i s Pn rzce ss w e s e e the w om a n
'

w hom m a t e rnity a n d w a r h a ve combin e d to produc e h e r ,

ind e p e nd e nc e be tra ye d by the t e nd e rn e s s o f he r n a ture .

The s urre nd e r onc e se cure d w a s m a d e p e rm a n e nt fo r a ge s

, ,

by the s e n tim e n ts a n d s ympa thi e s born o f th e chil d s ’

a pp e a l fo r comp a s s ion.

In p r imitive a ge s the child mu s t in m a ny ca s e s h a ve

b e e n a burth e n e ve n to ma n in the s tru ggl e fo r e xi s t e nce ;
the popul a tion qu e s tion co u ld h a rdly h a ve fa il e d to pre s s

i ts i mporta nc e u pon me n a s it do e s e ve n upon c e r ta in

,

a nim a l s ; a n d it w ould b e a n e s p e ci a l int e re s t to a ma n

not to h a ve h is hut ove rrun w i th o ffs pring not h is o w n ,

turning h is fa ir l a bour into drud ge r y fo r the i r s upport a n d ,

s o curs i n g th e e a rth fo r hi m Thu s w hil e Polya ndry w a s

.
,

giving ri se to the obviou s complica tions und e r w hich it

mu s t ultim a t e ly di s a pp e a r it w ould be n a tu ra l th a t d e vil s
,

o f lu s t s hould h e inv e nte d to r e s tra in the m a te rn a l in s tinc t .

Bu t a s tim e w e nt on th e d a u ghte rs o f E v e w ould h a ve

ta k e n the s tory o f h e r fa ll a n d h a rd s hip s too much to

h e a rt The p a n gs a n d p e ri ls o f childbirth w e re e v e r
.

pre s e nt monitors w hos e w a rnings m ight be follow e d too

close ly T he e a rly J e w i s h l a w s b e a r di s tinct tra c e s o f the
.

n e ce ss ity w hi c h ha d a r r iv e d fo r in s i s ting on the comm a nd

.

to incre a s e a n d m u ltiply Und e r th e s e ch a n ge d c ircu m

.
 R I E TH E .
OR Y OF WOM AN 1 03

t nc e s it w ould be n a tura l th a t the s tory o f a re cu s a nt

s a

a n d p a ss ionl e s s E v e s hould a ri s e a n d s u ffe r th e p e n a lti e s

u nd e rgon e by L ilith — th e n e c e s s ity o f b e a ring a s ca ptive

, , ,

a v a s t prog e ny a g a in s t h e r w ill only to lo s e th e m a g a i n ,

a n d to long fo r hum a n childre n s he did not bring forth a n d

could n o t ch e ri s h The too p a s s ion a te a n d the pa ss ionle ss

.

w om a n a r e s ucc e s s iv e ly w a rn e d in the origin a n d outcom e

o f the myth
1
.

It i s a s ugge stive fa ct tha t the de s c e nd a nts o f A da m

s hould tra c e th e ir fa ll not to th e ind e p e nd e n t L ilith w ho ,

a ss e rte d h e r e qu a lity a t co s t o f b e coming the D e vil s brid e

’

but to the a ppa re ntly s ubmi ss ive E v e w ho s ta ye d i n s id e the

ga rd e n The s e rpe nt fou nd out the gu a rd e d a n d re stra in e d
.

w om a n a s w e ll a s th e fre e a n d d e fi a nt a n d w i th much ,

more formida bl e re s ults For cra ft is the only w e a po n o f .

th e w e a k a g a in s t the s tron g The s ubmi s sive n e ss o f the

.

c a ptive w om a n mu s t h a ve be e n fo r a lo n g tim e outw a rd

only W he n A d a m found him s e l f a mong thorn s a n d
.

bri a rs he might h a ve qu e s tio n e d w h e th e r much h a d be e n

ga in e d by ca lling E v e h is rib w h e n a fte r a ll s he re a lly ,

w a s a w om a n a n d pre p a re d to t a k e h e r int e ll e ct u a l right s

,

from th e Se rp e nt i f d e ni e d he r in l e gitim a t e w a y s The .

qu e s tion i s ind e e d h a rdly out o f d a t e y e t w h e n th e ge niu s

, ,

o f w om a n i s comp e ll e d to a c t w ith s ubtl e ty a n d re duc e d to

e x e rt i ts influ e nc e too o ft e n by intrigu e .

It i s re m a rk a bl e th a t w e find s om e thing lik e a s imila r

d e ve lopm e nt to th e tw o w ive s o f A d a m in H indu my tho
logy a l s o K ali a n d D urga h a ve the s a m e origin : the
.

form e r i s re pre s e nt e d d a ncing on th e pro s tra t e form o f h e r

‘
lord a n d m a st e r a n d s he b e com e s the d e mon e ss o f
,
’

v iol e nc e the moth e r o f th e di a bolica l Ca l a s o f S i n gh a l e s e

‘ ’

1
M r W B Sc o tt ha s pa i n te d
. . . a be a u ti fu l p ic tu r e of E v e gazi n g u p w i th
lo n gi n g a t a sw e e t ba be in the tr ee , w ho se se r p e n t c o i ls be n ea th she do es n o t
1 04 CA R T1 VI T Y OF W OH A I V .

d e mo n ola t r y D urga ific e d h e rse l f fo r h e r h u s ba nd

’

. sa c r s

ho n o u r a n d is n o w a d ore d Th e c o u n te rpa r t o f D urga

,
.

w o r sh ip is the Z e n a n a s y ste m I n countr i e s w h e re th e

.

Ze na n a sy ste m ha s n o t s urv iv e d bu t s om e fre e dom ha s

,

be e n ga i n e d fo r w oma n it i s proba bl e tha t K ali w ill p r e

,

s e n tly n o t be tho u ght o f a s n e c e ssa r ily tr a mpl i ng on ma n ,

a n d L i lith not be re a rd e d a s the D e v i l s w i fe be c a u se s he

’

w ill n o t s ubmit to be th e s l a ve o f ma n W he n ma n c a n
.

ma ke h i m a hom e a n d ga rd e n w hich s ha ll not be a pr i son ,

a n d i n w hich know l e d ge i s un forbidd e n fr uit L ili th w ill n o t ,

ha ve to s e e k he r libe rty by re volution a ga in s t his s oc i e ty ,

nor E v e h e rs by intri gu e ; u n fitn e ss fo r c o o pe ra tion w it h -

the fe rociti e s o f n a ture w ill l e a v e h e r a h e lp m e e t fo r the

re a ri n g o f childre n a n d fo r th e re cove ry a n d culture o f

,

e ve r y ga rd e n w h e th e r w ithin or w ithout th e ma n w ho n o w
,

a s se r ts ove r wom a n a lord s hip u n n a tura l a n d unju s t .

 C H A PT E R X .

W AR I N H E AV E N .

Th e O the r ’
—Ti a ma t Bo hu
, , th‘
e D e e p
—Rad Ap p
o hian
s — H a tho r s

— Be l s ’
—
co mba t Re v o lt i n He a v e n — —
Li li th M yth o f the D e v i l
a t th e c r e a ti o n o f Li ght .

IN non e o f the a nci e n t s cripture s do w e ge t ba ck to a n y

th e o r y or e xpl a n a tion o f th e origin o f e vil or o f the

e n e mi e s o f the god s In a P e rs i a n t e xt a t P e rs e po li s o f
.
,

D a riu s I A hrima n i s c a ll e d w ith s implicity th e Oth e r ‘ ’

.
,

( A m y )a a
,
n d th e H a t e r ( D zw a i s
’
a ii t Z e nd t/za i s a t)
,
and ,

tha t i s a bout a s much a s w e a re r e a lly told a bout th e

d e v i l s o f a n y ra c e Th e ir e xi s t e nc e i s t a k e n fo r gra nt e d
. .

T he l e ge nd s o f re b e llion in h e a ve n a n d o f a n g e l s c a s t
d ow n a n d tra n s form e d to d e vil s ma y s upply a n e a s y
e x p l a n a tion to our mod e rn th e ologi a n s but w h e n w e ,

tra c e th e m to th e ir origin w e di s cov e r th a t to the a nci e nts

th e y h a d no s uch s ignific a nc e Th e a nge l s w e re ca s t

.

d o w n to Pit s pre p a re d fo r th e m from the found a tion o f

th e w orl d a n d b e fore it a n d w h e n th e y fe ll it w a s into
, ,

the h a nd s o f a lre a dy e xi s ti n g e n e mi e s e a g e r to torm e nt

the m N e ve rthe l e ss th e s e a ccounts o f re be lliou s s piri ts in

.

h e a v e n a r e o f gre a t importa nc e a n d me rit our ca re ful

c on s id e ra tion .

It i s re m a rka bl e th a t the Bibl e ope n s w ith a n intim a tion

o f th e e x i s t e nc e o f thi s Oth e r I ts s e cond ve rs e s p e a k s
’
.

o f a c e rta in d a rkn e ss upon the fa ce o f the d e e p The ’

.

w ord u s e d h e r e i s Ba l m w hich i s id e n tifi e d a s th e A s s yri a n

,

Ba l m the Qu e e n o f H a d e s
, In the in s cription o f Sh a l
.
1 06 TI AM A T .

ma n e se r ord i s u s e d fo r a byss o f ch a os Ba h u ’
1
the
‘
w .

i s oth e rw i s e G u l a a form o f I s hta r or A ll a t La dy o f th e

, ,

H ou se o f D e a th a n d a n e pith e t o f th e s a m e fe m a l e
’
,

d e mon i s N i n c iga l L a dy o f th e M ighty E a rth Th e

-

,
‘
.
’

s to ry o f the D e s c e nt o f I s ht a r into H a d e s th e re a l m o f ,

N i n c iga l ha s a lre a dy b e e n told ( p

-

,
in tha t ve r s io n .

I s hta r i s the sa m e a s A s ta rte th e A s s yri a n Ve nu s Bu t , .

lik e the moon w ith w hich s he w a s a s s oci a t e d s he w a n e d

a n d d e clin e d a n d the b ea uti ful l e ge nd o f h e r d e s ce nt ( lik e
,

P e rs e phon e ) into H a d e s s e e m s to h a ve found a va ri a nt i n

the myth o f Be l a n d the D ra gon Th e re s he i s a s e a .

mon t rs e a n d i s c ll d i a m a t ( ha a tt o Be ro u s) th a t
a e T T l h f s — ,

th e D e e p ove r w hich re s ts th e d a rkn e s s d e s cribe d i n

’
is
,
‘
,

Ge n e s i s i 2 .The proc e ss by w hich th e moo n w ould s h a re

.

th e e vil r e pute o f Ti a m a t i s obviou s In the B a byloni a n .

be li e f the d ry l a nd re s te d upon the a bys s o f w a t e ry ch a os

from w hich it w a s dra w n Thi s und e rw orld oc e a n w a s .

s hut i n by ga t e s Th e y w e re op e n e d w h e n the moon w a s

.

—
cre a te d to r ul e the night th e re fore Prince o f D a rkn e s s .

Th e form a tio n by A n n o f thi s M oon god ( U r n ) from -

Ti a m a t might e ve n h a ve b e e n s ugge s t e d by the ri s ing o f

,

the tid e s u n d e r h i s s w a y The Ba byloni a n s re pre s e nt .

the M oon a s h a ving b e e n cre a te d b e fore the S u n a n d h e ,

e m e rge d fro m a boiling in the a byss A t the be ginnin g

‘ ?
.

o f th e month a t th e ri s ing o f th e night

, his horn s a r e ,

bre a ki n g throu gh to s hin e on h e a ve n 1

In the o n e .
’

B a byloni a n d e s ign a s e a l in the Britis h M u s e um w hich

,
11
,

s e e m s r e fe ra bl e to th e l e ge nd o f th e Fa ll o f M a n the ma l e ,

figure h a s horn s It ma y ha ve be e n tha t thi s m a l e M oo n

.

U rn ) w a s s uppo s e d to h a ve b e e n corrupt e d by s om e
(

1
Rec o r d s o f the P a s t, i i i p 83
’
. See a lso i p
. . . . 1 35 .

by Ge o rge Smi th, p 70

’
1
Cha lde a n Ge n e si s, . .

1
Co pi e d in Cha ld .
p.
9 1 . As to the c o n n ec ti o n o f thi s de si gn h
w it

the lege n d o f Ed e n , se e c ha p of this v o lu me

“

. vn . .
 TH E D E E P . 1 07

fe ma l e e m a n a tion o f Ti a m a t a n d to ha ve fa ll e n from a ,

r ul e r o f the nigh t to a n a lly o f th e n ight Thi s fe m a l e

‘ ’
.

cor r upt e r w h o w ould corre s pond to E v e might in thi s

, ,

w a y h a v e be com e mi s tr e s s o f the M oon a n d ultim a t e ly ,

id e ntifi e d w ith it .

A lthough th e ca u s e o f the origin a l conflict b e t w e e n the

A by s s be n e a th a n d th e H e a ve n a bove i s l e ft by a nci e nt
in s criptions a n d s cripture s to im a gin a tion it i s not a ve ry ,

s tr a i n e d hypo th e s i s th a t a nci e nt Ch a os re ga rd e d th e upp e r

god s a s a ggre s s ors on he r dom a in in th e w ork o f cre a tion .

‘
W h e n a bove ru ns the B a byloni a n l e g e nd w e re not
,
’
,

ra i s e d th e h e a ve n s a n d b e lo w on the e a rth a pl a nt ha d
,

not grow n the ch a o s ( or w a t e r) Ti a m a t w a s th e pro

d u c i n g moth e r o f th e w hol e o f th e m The god s h a d not

S pr u ng up a n y o n e o f th e m Ind e e d in th e l e ge nd o f the
’
1
.
,

con flict b e t w e e n Be l a n d the D ra gon on th e Ba byloni a n ,

cyl ind e rs it a ppe a rs th a t the god Sa r a ddre s s e d h e r a s

,

w i fe a n d s a id Th e tribut e to thy m a t e rnity s h a ll be

‘
, ,

forc e d u pon th e m by thy w e a pon s The S u n a n d M o o n

’
1
.

w o u ld n a tura lly be d ra w n into a n y cont e s t b e t w e e n Ove r

w orld ( w ith L ight) a n d Und e r w orld ( w ith D a rkn e s s ) .

T hou gh Ti a m a t i s ca ll e d a D ra gon s h e w a s picture d by ,

th e B a byloni a n s only a s a mon s trou s Gri ffin I n th e .

A s s yri a n a ccount o f th e fi ght it w ill be s e e n th a t s h e i s

ca ll e d a Se rpe nt The link be t w e e n the tw o — G r iffin
‘ ’
.

an d S e rp e nt — w ill be found I s u s pe ct in Typhonic , ,

influ e nce on the fa bl e In a hymn to A m e n R a (the Su n )

.
-

copi e d a bout fourte e nth ce ntury B C from a n e a rli e r c o m . .

pos itio n a s i ts tra n s l a tor M r Good w in s uppo se s w e h a v e

, , .
, ,

th e follo w ing

Th e go d s r e j o ic e i n h is go o d n e s s w ho e x a lts tho se w ho a re lo w ly
L o r d o f the bo a t a n d ba r ge ,

Th e y con d u c t the e thr o u gh the fir ma me n t i n pe a c e .

1
Cha ld e a n Ge n e sis, pp 62 , 63
’
‘ 1
. . I h , 97
. .
1 08 H A TH OR S .

Thy se r v a n ts r e o i c e j
Be h o ld i n g th e o v e r thr o w o f th e w i c ke d
H i s limbs p i e r ce d w i th the s w o r d
F ir e c o n s u me s him :
H i s so u l a n d bo d y a re a n n ihi la te d .

Na n ( th e se r pe n t sa v e s ) h i s fe e t
The go d s r e o i ce j
The se r v a n ts o f the Su n a re i n pe a c e .

The llu s ion in the s e c ond lin e indica te s tha t this hym n
a

re la te s to the n a v iga tion o f Ra through Ha d e s a n d the ,

d e stru ction o f A pophi s .

W e ma y re a d n e xt the A cca di a n ta bl e t ( p 2 56) w hich .

s pe a k s o f th e s e ve n H a th o r s a s n e it he r m a l e n o r fe m a l e ,

a n d a s born in the D e e p
’
.

A noth e r A cc a di a n ta bl e t tra n s l a t e d by M r Sa yce , .

,

s p e a k s o f th e s e a s th e ba l e ful s e ve n d e s tro ye rs ; a s ’

born in the mounta in o f th e s u ns e t ; a s b e i n g Inc u bi ’

.

It is s ignifica n tly sa id A mong the s ta rs o f h e a ve n th e ir

w a tc h th e y k e pt not in w a tching w a s th e ir o fli c e H e re
’
, .

i s a prim e va l not e o f tre a ch e r y

’
.

W e n e xt com e to a furth e r ph a se re pre s e nt e d in a ,

Cun e i form t a bl e t w hich mu s t b e quot e d a t l e ngth

,

D a ys o f s to r m, P o w e r s o f E v il ,

be lli o u s s p ir i ts w ho w e r e bo r n
Re , i n the lo w e r pa r t o f h e a v e n ,
The y w e r e w o r ke r s o f c la mity a .

( Th elin e s giving th e n a m e s an d d e s cription s of th e

s pirits a r e h e re brok e n ) .

The thi r d ke a le 0pa r d

was li ,

T he fo u r th w a s like a sn a ke .

The fi fth w a s like a d o g

The s ix th w a s a n e n e my to h e a v en an d i ts ki n g .

The s e v e n th w a s a d e s tr u c ti v e te mpe s t .

The se s e v e n a r e the me s s e n ge r s o f An n 1
the i r ki n g .

1
Re c o rd s o f the P ast
,
’
ix . 14 1 .

1
An n w a s the r u le r o f the h ighe s t he a v e n . M e teo rs and ligh tn i n gs a re

si mila r ly c o n s id e r e d i n H e b re w po e tr y a s the me ss e n ge rs o f the Almi gh ty .

( Psa lm c i v 4 W ho ma ke th his min i ste r s a fl a mi n gfi r e qu 0te d i n H e b i

‘ ’
.
, , . .
 E CL I PSE . 1 09

F r o m pla c e to pla c e by tu r n s the y pa s s .

k
T h e y a r e th e d a r sto r ms i n h e a v e n , w h i c h i n to fir e un i te th e mse lv e s .

Th e y a r e th e d e s tr u c tiv e te mpe s ts , w hi c h o n a fin e d a y s u dd e n da r k
n e s s c a u se .

W i th s to r ms an d me te o rs the y r u s h .

Th e i r r a ge i gn i te s th e th u n d e r b o lts o f
F r o m the r i gh t ha n d o f the Th u n d e r e r th e y d a r t fo rth .

O n the h o r i zo n of he a v e n li ke lightn i n g th e y
Aga i n st h i gh h e a v e n , th e d w e lli n g pla c e o f An a th e
-
ki n g , the y plo tte d
ev il, an d ha d n o n e to w i th s ta n d th e m .

W h e n Be l hea r d thi s n e w s, he co mmu n e d s e cr e tly w i th hi s o wn hea r t .

Th e n h e to o k c o un se l w i th He a the gre a t I n v e n to r ( or Sa ge ) o f the

go d s .

A n d th e y s ta ti o n e d th e M o o n , the Su n , an d I s hta r to ke e p gu a r d o v er

the a p pr o a ch to h e a v e n .

U n to An u , r u le r o f he a v e n , th e y to ld i t .

A n d th o s e thr e e go d s , h i s c h i ld r e n ,

To ight a n d d a y u n c e a s in gly h e c o mma n d e d th e m

w a tc h n .

W h e n tho s e se v e n e v il s pi r i ts r u she d u po n th e a s e o f h e a v e n , b
A n d c lo s e i n fr o n t o f th e M o o n w i th fie ry w e a po n s a d v a n c e d ,
T h e n th e n o ble Su n a n d I m the w a r r i o r s i d e b y s id e s to o d fir m .

B u t I s hta r , w i th An u the k i n g, e n te r e d th e e x a lte d d w e lli n g, a n d hid

th e ms e lv e s i n the su mmi t o f he a v e n .

CO L U M N II .

T h o se e v i l spir its , th e me s se n ge r s of An n the i r kin g

T h e y ha v e p lo tte d e v i l
-
k
F r o m mi d he a v e n li e me te o r s th e y ha v e r u she d u po n the e a r th .

b
B e l, w ho the n o le M o o n i n e c li p se
Sa w fr o m he a v e n ,
C a lle d P a k u hi s me s se n ge r
a lo u d to

O my me ss e n ge r P a k u , c a rr y my w o r d s to th e D e e p ’
.

T e ll my so n th a t the M o o n i n h e a v e n i s te r r i bl y e c li p se d
To He a in the D e ep r e pe a t th i s

Pa ku un d e r s to o d the w o r ds o f hi s Lo r d .

U n to H e a i n th e D e e p sw i ftly h e w en t.

T o th e Lo r d , th e gr e a t I n v e n to r , th e go d N u ki mmu t,
k
Pa u r e pe a te d the w o r d s o f hi s Lo r d .

1
I m, the go d o f the sky, s o me ti me s c a lled Ri mmo n ( the Thu n d e r e r ) . He
a n s w e rs to the J u p i te r To n a n s o f the La ti n s .

Th e a byss o r '
o cea n w he re the go d Hea d w elt .
 B E L S COM B A T
’
1 10 .

W he n He a i n the D e e p h e a r d the s e w o r d s,

H e bi t h is li ps , an d te a r s be de w e d his f c e a .

Th e n h e se n t fo r hi s so n M a r d u k to he lp h i m .

G o to my s o n M a r d u k,
Te ll my s o n th a t the M o o n i n he a v e n i s te r r i bly ec li pse d l
Tha t e c li ps e h a s be e n se e n i n he a v e n
Th e y a r e se v e n , th o s e e v i l s pi r i ts , d d e a th th e y fe a r n o t
an

The y a r e se v e n , th o s e e v i l S p i r i ts , w h o r u sh li e a h u rr i ca n e , k
An d fa ll lik e fir e br a n d s on the e a rth
I n fr o n t o f the br i ght M o o n w i th fie r y w e a po n s ( they d r a w mg/z) ; r

Bu t th e n o ble Su n an d I m the /ls ta n d i n g Ma m)

w a r r i o r (a r e w zt
'

re s t o f the l e ge nd i s los t]
T
[ h e

N u k i mmu t i s a n a m e o f H e a w hich occurs fre qu e ntly

h e w a s th e goo d g e niu s o f th e e a rth a n d h is s o n M a rdu k ,

w a s his inc a rn a tion— a H e ra kl e s or Sa viour It w il l b e .

note d th a t a s y e t I s ht a r i s in h e a ve n Th e n e xt T a bl e t . ,

w hich s ho w s the d e v e lopm e nt o f th e myth intro d u c e s ,

u s to the gre a t fe m a l e dra gon T i a m a t h e rs e l f a n d her ,

d e s troye r Be l .

An d w i th i t h is r igh t h a n d he ar me d .

H i s fl a mi n g sw o r d he r a i se d i n hi s h a n d .

He b ra nd i s h e d hi s lightn i n gs be f r e
o hi m .

A c u r v e d s c ymi ta r he c a r r i e d on hi s b od y .

A n d h e ma d e a sw o r d to d e s tr o y the D r a go n ,
W hi c h tu r n e d fo u r w a y s ; s o th a t n o n e c o u ld a v o i d i ts ra i
p d b lo w s .

I t tu r n e d to the s o u th , to th e n o r th, to the e a s t a n

,
d to th e w e st .

N e a r to h i s sa b
h e p la c e d the b o w o f h is fa the r A n n
re .

He b
ma d e a w hi r li n g th u n d e r o lt, a n d a o lt w i th d o u le fl a me s , b b
b
impo s s i le to e x ti n gu i s h .

An d a
q u a d r u p le b o lt a n d a
, s e p tu ple bo lt a n d
,
a bo lto f c r o o k e d
fir e .

H e to o k the th u n d e r b o lts w hi c h h e h a d ma d e , a n d th e r e w e re se v e n

o f th e m,
T 0 be sh o t a t th e D r a go n , an d h e p u t the m i n to h i s q u i v e r b e h i n d
hi m .

Th e n h e r a i se d h is gr e a t sw o r d , w ho s e n a me w as Lo r d o f th e
Sto r m .
’

H e mo u n te d h i s c h a ri o t, w h o se n a me was D e s tr o ye r o f th e I mp i o u s .

He to o k h i s p la c e , an d li fte d the fo u r rein s

I n h is ha n d .
 TH E D R A G ON SL A I ZV .
11 1

B
[ e l o ffe rs to the D ra gon to d e cid e th e ir qua r re l by
n ow

s ingl e comba t w hich the D ra gon a cc e pts

, Thi s a gre e s .

w ith the re pre s e nt a tion s o f th e comb a t on Ba byloni a n

c ylind e rs in M r Smith s Ch a ld e a n G e n e s i s p 6 2 e tc ]
’ ’
.
.
, .
,

( W h y se e ke st tho u th u s) to i r r i ta te me w i th bla s ph e mie s ?

Le t th y ar my w i thd r a w le t th y c h ie fs s ta n d a s i d e

T he n I an d th o u ( a lo n e ) we w i ll d o ba ttle .

W h e n th e D r a go n h e a r d th i s,
Sta n d ba c k ! s h e s a id , a n d r e pe a te d h e r c o mma n d .

T h e n th e te mpte r r o se w a tc h fu lly o n h igh .

T u rn i n g a n d tw i s ti n g, s h e s hifte d he r d i n g po i n t.
s ta n

S he w a tc he d h i s lightn i n gs, s h e p r o v id e d fo r r e tr e a t .

T he w a r r io r a n ge ls s h e a the d the i r sw o r ds .

The n the D r a go n a tta c ke d the j u st P i n c e

r o f th e go d s .

j
S tr o n gly the y o i n e d i n th e , tr i a l o f b a ttle
Th e Ki n g d r e w hi s s w o r d , a n d d e a l t r a p id blo w s ,

The n he to o k hi s w hi r li n g th u n d e r bo lt , an d lo o ke d w e ll be hi n d
an d be fo r e him
An d w h e n th e D r a go n o pe n e d h e r mo u th to s w a llo w hi m,
He fl u n g the bo lt i n to he r , be fo r e s h e c o u ld s h u t h e r lips .

The bla zi n g lightn i n g po u r e d i n to h e r i n s i d e .

H e p u lle d o u t h e r he a r t h e r mo u th h e r e n t o pe n ;
H e d r e w h i s (fa lc hi o n ), a n d c u t o p e n h e r be lly .

H e c u t i n to h e r in s i d e a n d e x tr a c te d he r h e a r t;
H e to o k v e n ge a n c e o n he r , a n d d e s tr o ye d he r li fe .

W he n he kn e w sh e w a s d e a d he bo a s te d o v e r he r .

Afte r th a t th e D r a go n the i r le a de r w a s s la i n
,

H e r tr o o p s to o k to fl ight h e r a r my w a s s c a tte r e d a b r o a d,
An d th e a n ge ls he r a lli e s , w ho h a d c o me to h e lp h e r ,
R e tr e a te d , gr e w qu i e t, a n d w e n t a w a y .

Th e y fl e d fr o m the n c e , fe a r i n g fo r the i r o wn li v e s,
An d s a v e d th e mse lv e s , fl yi n g to p la c e s b e y o n d p u r su i t .

H e fo llo w e d the m, th e i r w e a po n s he b r o ke u p .

Br o ke n the y la y, a n d i n gr e a t he a p s the y w e r e ca p tu r e d .

A c r o w d o f fo llo w e r s , fu ll o f a s to n i shme n t,
I ts re ma i n s li fte d u p, a n d on th e i r s h o u ld e r s h o i ste d .

A n d th e e le v e n tr i be s p o u r i n g in a fte r th e ba ttle
I n gr e a t mu lti tu d e s , c o mi n g to se e ,
G a ze d a t th e mo n s tr o u s s e r p e n t

I n th e fra gm e nt ju s t quote d w e h a ve the fl a ming s w ord

‘

w hich turn e d e v e r y w a y G iii The s e ve n d i s ti n ct

’

( e n . .
1 12 R E VOL T I N I I E A VE N I

form s of vil a r e but fa intly re m e mb e re d in th e s e ve n

e

thund e rbolts t a k e n by Be l : th e y a r e n o w a ll vi r tu a ll y
ga th e re d into th e o n e form he comb a ts a n d a r e th u s ,

on th e ir w a y to form the s e ve n h e a d e d dra gon o f the A p o -

c a ly p s e w h e re M ich a e l r e pl a c e s Be 1 Th e a ng e l s h e r
1 ‘
, .
,

a lli e s w h o h a d com e to h e lp h e r a r e s ur e ly th a t t h ird ’ ‘

,

pa rt o f the s ta rs o f h e a ve n w hich the a poca lyptic dra go n s ’

ta il dre w to the e a rth in i ts fa ll ( Re v xii B e l s dra g o n . .

’

i s a l s o c a ll e d a Te mpte r ‘ ’
.

A t l e ngth w e re a ch the bri e f but cl e a r a cco u nt o f th e

R e volt in H e a ve n found in a c u n e i form t a bl e t in th e
‘ ’

Briti s h M u s e um a n d tra n s l a t e d by M r F o x Ta lbot

, .

k
The D i v i n e Be i n g s po e th r e e ti me s, the c o mme n c e me n t o f a p sa lm .

Th e go d o f h o ly s o n gs, Lo r d o f r e li gi o n a n d w o r s h i p
s e a te d a tho u s a n d s i n ge rs a n d mu s i c i a n s : an d e s ta blis hed a c ho r a l

ba n d
w h o to h i s h ymn w e r e to r e s po n d i n mu lti tu d e s
W i th a lo u d c r y o f c o n te mpt th e y r o e u p hi s ho ly b k so n g
s po i li n g, c o n fu s i n g, c o n fo u n d i n g h i s h ymn o f p r a i se .

The go d o f the r i ght c r o w n w i thb a w i s h to s u mmo n hi s a dh e r e n ts

b
s o u n d e d a tr u mpe t la st w hi c h w o u ld wa ke th e d ea d ,
w h i c h to tho se re be l a n ge ls pr o hi bite d r e tu r n .

he s to p pe d th e i r s e rv i c e , a n d se n t th e m to th e go d s w h o w e re his
ene mi e s .

In the i r r o o m he c r e a te d ma n k i n d .

Th e fi r s t w ho r e c e iv e d li fe , d w e lt a lo n g w i th hi m .

M a y h e gi v e th e m s tr e n gth n e v e r to n e le c t h i s w o r d ,
g
ts v o i c e , w h o m h i s ha n d s h a d ma d e
’
fo ll o w i n g th e s e r pe n .

An d ma y th e go d o f d iv i n e s pe e c h e x pe l fr o m h i s fiv e th o u s a n d
k
th a t w i c e d th o u sa n d
w ho i n the mi d st o f h i s he a v e n ly so n g h ad s ho u te d e v il bla s ph e mi e s
It w ill be ob se rv e d th a t th e re w e re a lre a dy ho s til e god s
to w ho m the s e riotou s a nge l s w e re s e nt It i s cl e a r th a t in .

both the E gypti a n a n d A s s yri a n cos mogoni e s th e upp e r

1
The la te M r G Smi th
. . sa ys th a t the Cha ld e a n d ra go n w a s se v e n h e a d e d -
.

Cha ld e a n Ge n e s i s, p 1 00 ’
. .

‘
Rec o rd s o f the a st, v s
’
P . 123
 L I L I TI I A GAI I V . 1 13

g od s h a d in th e ir e mploy m a ny fe rociou s mon s t e rs T hu s .

in th e Book o f H a d e s H oru s a ddre s s e s a t e rribl e s e rpe nt

,

M y K h e ti gr e a t fir e o f w hich thi s fl a m e in my e y e i s the

, ,

e mi s s ion a n d o f w hich my childre n g u a rd th e fold s

, Op e n ,

thy mouth dra w w id e thy j a w s l a unch thy fl a m e a g a in s t

, ,

th e e n e mi e s o f my fa th e r burn th e ir bodi e s con s um e, ,

th e ir s ouls l M a ny s uch in s ta nce s could be quote d I n

l .

th i s s a m e bo ok w e find a gre a t s e rp e nt Sa a Se t Gu a rdi a n ,

-

o f th e E a rth E a ch o f th e t w e lve pylon s o f H a d e s i s

’
.

s u r mount e d by i ts s e rp e nt gu a rd s— e xc e pt o n e
-
W h a t ha s .

b e c om e o f th a t o n e In the l a s t in s cription but o n e ,

qu o te d in full it w ill be obs e rve d (third lin e from the l a s t)

,

t h a t e le v e n (a nge l) tribe s ca m e in a fte r Be l s b a ttl e to ’

i n s p e ct the s l a in dra gon The tw e lfth ha d re volt e d The s e

. .
,

w e ma y s uppo s e h a d li s t e n e d to th e s e rp e nt s voic e me n
’ ’
,

ti o n e d in th e l a s t fra gm e nt quot e d .

W e h a v e thu s di s tribut e d through th e s e fra gm e nts a ll

th e e l e m e nt s w hich from E gypti a n a n d A s syri a n s ourc e s
,
:

ga th e re d a round the l e ge nd o f the Se rpe nt in E d e n The .

T re e o f K now l e dge a n d th a t o f L i fe a r e not includ e d a n d ,

I h a ve give n e l se w h e re my r e a s on s fo r b e li e ving th e s e to
b e import a tion s from the a nci e nt A rya n l e g e nd o f the w a r
b e t w e e n the D e va s a n d A s ura s fo r the immort a li s i n g
A mrit a .

1
I n the l a s t fra gm e nt quote d w e h a ve a l s o a not a bl e
s ta t e m e nt th a t m a nkind w e r e cre a t e d to fill th e pl a c e s th a t
,

h a d be e n occupi e d by the fa ll e n a n ge l s It i s proba bl e .

th a t thi s notion s uppli e d th e b a s is o f a cl a s s o f l e ge nd s

o f w hich L ilith i s typ e She w ho s e pl a ce E v e w a s cre a t e d
.

to fill w a s a s e rpe nt w om a n a n d the e a rli e s t m e ntion o f h e r

-

i s in the e xorci s m a lre a dy quot e d found a tN in e ve h In a ll

, .

prob a bility s he i s but a noth e r form o f Gul a the fa ll e n I s ta r ,

a n d Qu e e n o f H a d e s ; in w hich c a s e h e r con s pira cy w ith

1
Re co rds of the P a st, x
’
. 12 7 .

VOL I I
. .
m TII E CR E A TI ON OF LI GH T:

the s e rpe nt Sa m a e l w ould be the D a rkn e ss w hich w a s

upon the fa c e o f Ba hu the D e e p in the s e cond ve rse o f
, ,
’

the Bi bl e .

The Bibl e ope n s w ith th e s c e n e o f the god s conqu e ring

the D r a gon o f D a rkn e ss w ith L ight Th e re i s a ra bbi
.

n i c a l l e g e nd th a t w h e n L ight i s s u e d from und e r th e thron e

,

o f God the
,
Princ e o f D a rkne ss a sk e d the Cre a tor w h e re
fore he h a d bro u ght L ight into e xi s te nce God a ns w e re d
th a t it w a s in ord e r th a t h e might be drive n b a ck to hi s
a bod e o f d a rkn e s s . The e vil o n e a s k e d th a t h e might s e e
th a t a n d e nt e ring th e s tre a m o f L ight h e s a w a cros s tim e
,

a n d th e w orld a n d b e h e ld th e fa c e o f th e M e s s i a h
,
Th e n .

h e fe ll upon h i s fa c e a n d cri e d ,
Thi s i s he w ho s h a ll la y
lo w in rui n me a n d a ll the inh a bit a nts o f h e ll 1
’

W h a t the Prince o f D a rk n e s s s a w w a s the vi s ion o f a

ra ce : be ginning w ith th e w ord s (G e n i . G o d s a id
.
‘
,

L e t th e re be L ight ; a n d th e re w a s L ight ; a n d God s a w

the L ight th a t it w a s good a n d God divid e d b e t w e e n

the L ight a n d th e D a rkn e s s ; e nding w ith R e v xx 1 2 . .

, ,

A n d I s a w a n a nge l com e do w n from h e a ve n h a ving th e

k e y o f th e bottoml e s s pit a n d a gre a t ch a in in h i s h a nd
, .

A n d he l a id hold on the dra gon th a t old s e rpe nt w hich

, ,

i s th e D e vil a n d Sa t a n a n d bound h i m a thou s a nd ye a rs

’
.
,
 C H A PT E R X I .

W AR ON E ARTH .

—
T h e Ab o de o f D e v i ls Ke te f — —
D i s o r d e r Ta lmu d i c le ge n d s Th e
r e s tle s s Spi r i t The F a ll o f Lu c i fe r —As te r i a
— H e c a te Li li th , ,

Th e D r a go n s tr i u mph — A G i p s y le ge n d — Caed mo n s P o e m o f
’ ’

th e R e b e lli o u s An ge ls — —
M i lto n s v e r s i o n The P u r ita n s a n d
’

i
P c e R u pe
r n r t— B ll
el a s a y o f the D r a g o n — A M y s te r y i n
’

M a r i o n e tte s— E u r o pe a n H e lls .

R E J O I CE , y e h e a v e n s , a n d y e th a t d w e ll in th e m l W o e
to th e e a rth a n d th e s e a l fo r th e d e vil i s com e do w n to

yo u ,
h a ving gr e a t w r a th b e c a u s e h e kno w e th th a t h e h a th
,

b u t a s hort tim e Thi s p a s sa g e from the Book o f R e v e l a

’
.

t ion s i s the re fra in o f m a ny a n d much e a rli e r s cripture s .

T h e A ss yri a n a ccount s o f th e w a r in h e a ve n give n in th e ,

p r e c e ding ch a pt e r by no m e a n s g e n e r a lly s upport th e

,

s tory th a t th e a r c h d ra go n w a s Sl a in by Be l E ve n the o n e .

t h a t doe s d e s crib e the chi e f dra gon s d e a th l e a ve s h e r ’

c o m ra d e s a live a n d the b a l a nc e o f t e s timony i s l a rg e ly i n

,

fa vou r o f the th e ory w hich pre va il e d th a t th e re be lliou s,

a n g e l s w e re m e r e ly c a s t out o f h e a v e n a n d w e nt to s w e ll
,

th e ra nk s o f the d a rk a n d fe a r ful a bod e w hich from the

b e gin n ing h a d be e n p e opl e d by th e e n e mi e s o f the god s .

T h e n a ture o f thi s a bod e i s d e s crib e d in va riou s p a s s a ge s

o f th e Bibl e a n d in m a ny tra dition s
, .

Out o f the north a n e vil s h a ll bre a k forth upon a ll the

i n h a bit a nts o f the la nd So s a id J e re mi a h ( i in pur
’
. .

s u a n c e o f n e a rly univ e rs a l tra dition s a s to th e re gion o f

s p a c e i n w hich d e mon s a n d d e vil s ha d th e ir a bod e He ll .

i s n a k e d b e fore him s a y s Job ( xxvi a n d d e s tru ction

’ ‘
.
,

h a t h no cove ri ng H e s tre tch e th out the north ove r the

.

e mpty pl a c e A ccord ing to the H e bre w mythology this

’
.

h a bita tion o f d e mons w a s a re a lm o f pe rp e tu a l cold a n d

midnight w hich J e hova h in cre a ting the w orld purpo s e ly
, , ,

l e ft ch a otic ; s o it w a s pre pa re d fo r the D e vil a n d his

a ng e l s a t the found a tion o f the w orld .

A lthough thi s north e rn h e ll w a s a re gio n o f di s ord e r so ,

fa r a s th e p e opl e o f J e hova h a n d the divin e dom a in w e re

conc e rn e d the y ha d a mong th e m s e lve s a s trong milita ry
,

a n d a ri s tocra tic gove rnm e nt It w a s di s ord e r p e r fe ctly .

s ys t e m a ti s e d Th e a n a rchic a l a tmos ph e re o f the re io n i s

.
g

re fl e ct e d in the a bnorm a l s tructure s a s crib e d to the m a ny

d e vils w ith w ho s e tra it s J e w is h a n d A ra bic fo lklore i s
fa mili a r a n d w hich a r e too num e rou s to b e d e s crib e d h e re
, .

Such a d e v i l fo r in s t a nc e i s Be d a r go n h a nd high w ith fi fty ‘ ’

-

, , , ,

h e a d s a n d fifty s ix h e a rts w ho c a nnot strik e a n y o n e or b e

-

s truck in st a nt d e a th e n s uing to e ith e r p a rty in s uch a n

,

a tt a ck . A more d a nge rou s d e vil i s K e t e f i d e nti fie d a s ,

the te rror from the ch a mbe rs a llud e d to by J e re mi a h

‘ ’

( xxxii . Bitt e r P e s til e nc e

‘
H i s n a m e i s s a id to b e .
’

from cut a n d s plit be ca u s e he divid e s the cou rs e ’

,

o f th e d a y ; a n d tho s e w h o a r e inte re s te d to com p a r e

H e bre w a n d H ind u myth s ma y find it int e re s ti n g to n ot e
the coincid e nc e s b e t w e e n K e t e f a n d K e tu the c u t o ff ,
-

t a il o f R dhu a n d s ourc e o f p e s til e nc e

,
1
K e te f re ig n s .

n e ithe r i n the d a rk or d a y but b e tw e e n the tw o ; h i s ,

po w e r ove r the y e a r i s limit e d to the tim e be tw e e n J un e 1 7

a n d July 9 during w hich it w a s con s id e re d d a nge ro u s
,

to flog childre n or le t th e m go out a fte r four P M . .

K e t e f i s c a l f h e a d e d a n d con s i s t s o f hid e h a ir a n d e ye s
-
, , ,

h e roll s like a c a s k ; h e h a s a t e rribl e horn but h i s ch i e f ,

1
Se e i pp 46
. . a n d 2 55 . Co n c e rn i n g Ke te f se e Ei se n me n ge r , i i p 435 . . .
 D I S OR D E R . 1 1 7

te rror li e s in a n e vil e y e fix e d in hi s h e a rt w hich none c a n

s e e w ithout in s t a nt d e a th The a rch fie n d w ho re ign s ove r
.
-

th e in fe rn a l ho s t ha s m a ny Court Fool s — proba bly m e te ors

a n d com e ts — w ho l e a d me n a s tra y .

A ll th e s e d e vil s h a ve th e ir re g u l a tions in th e ir o w n
dom a i n but a s w e ha ve s a id th e ir l a w s m e a n dis ord e r in
, , ,

th a t p a rt o f the u nive rs e w hich b e longs to the fa mily o f

J e hova h I n flying a bout the w orld th e y a r e limite d to
.

p l a c e s w hich a r e s till ch a otic or w a s te T h e y h a unt su ch .

conge ni a l s pot s a s rock s a n d ruin s a n d fre qu e nt d e s e rt , ,

w ild e rn e s s d a rk mount a in s a n d th e ruin s o f hum a n h a bi

, ,

ta ti o n s . Th e y c a n t a k e po ss e s s ion o f a w a nd e ring s t a r .

Th e re i s a pre tty Ta lmudic l e g e nd o f a d e vil h a ving

o n c e gon e to s l e e p w h e n s om e o n e
, not s e e ing him o f ,

c o u rs e
,
s e t do w n a c a s k o f w in e on h i s c a r s In l e a ping .

u p the d e vil brok e the c a s k a n d be ing tri e d fo r it w a s , ,

cond e mn e d to re pa y the d a m a ge a t a ce rta in pe riod The .

p e riod h a vi n g e l a ps e d b e fore the mon e y w a s brought the ,

d e vi l w a s a s k e d th e c a u se o f the d e l a y H e re pli e d th a t .

i t w a s ve ry di ffi cult fo r d e vil s to obt a in mon e y b e ca u s e ,

me n w e re c a re ful to k e e p it lock e d or ti e d up ; a n d w e ‘

h a ve no pow e r h e s a id to ta k e from a nything bound or

,
’
,

s c a le d up nor c a n w e t a k e a nythi n g th a t i s m e a s ure d or

,

c o unte d ; w e a r e p e rmitt e d to t a k e only w h a t i s fre e or

common .
’

A ccording to o n e l e ge nd the d e vil s w e re s p e ci a lly

a n g e re d be c a u se J e hova h w h e n h e cre a t e d ma n ga ve
, , ,

h i m dominion ove r thing s in th e s e a ( Ge n i th a t . .

b e ing a re a lm o f unre s t a n d t e mp e s t w hich th e y cl a im e d

a s b e longing to th e m s e lv e s Th e y w e re d e ni e d control o f
.

the li fe th a t i s in th e s e a though p e rmitt e d a l a rge d e gre e

,

o f po w e r ove r i ts w a t e rs Ove r the w ind s th e ir rule w a s

.

s upre m e a n d it w a s only by re ducing c e rt a in d e mon s to

,

s l a ve ry th a t Solomon w a s a bl e to rid e in a w ind ch a riot -

.

Out o f th e s e s e ve ra l re a lm s o f ord e r a n d di s ord e r in

 1 18 TH E R E S TL E SS SP I R I T .

n a ture w e re e volve d the a nge l s a n d the d e vil s w hich w e re

s uppo s e d to b e s e t ma n Th e firs t ma n i s s a id to h a ve
.

b e e n lik e a n a nge l From the in s t a nt o f h is cre a tio n

.

th e re a tte nd e d him tw o s pirits w hom th e ra bbin s found ,

s h a do w e d out in th e s e nt e nc e J e hova h E lohim form e d

‘ -

ma n o f the d u s t o f the ground a n d bre a th e d into h is ,

n o s tril s th e bre a th o f li fe a n d ma n b e c a m e a living s oul ’

G e n ii hi br th f li f s a holy s piri t a n d
(
’
. . T s e a o e w a ,

s tood on A d a m s right ; th e living s oul w a s a re s tl e ss

’ ‘ ’

s pirit on h is l e ft w hich continu a lly mov e d up a n d do w n

, .

W h e n A d a m h a d s inn e d thi s re stl e ss s pirit b e ca m e a

,

di a bolica l s pirit a n d it h a s e ve r a cte d a s m e dia tor be

,

t w e e n ma n a n d th e re a lm o f a n a rchy .

It ha s b e e n m e ntion e d th a t in the A ssy ri a n l e ge nd s o f

th e R e volt in H e a ve n w e find n o a d e qu a t e intim a tion o f
the motive by w hich th e r e b e l s w e re a ctu a t e d It i s sa id .

th e y inte rrupte d th e h e a ve nly s ong th a t th e y brought o n ,

a n e clips e th a t th e y a ffl i ct e d hum a n b e ings w ith di s e a se ;

,

but w hy th e y d i d a ll thi s i s not s ta t e d The motive o f .

th e s e rp e nt i n t e mpting E v e i s not s t a t e d in G e n e s i s Th e .

th e ory w hich Cze d mo n a n d M ilton h a ve m a d e s o fa milia r ,

th a t the dra gon s a spire d to riva l J e hova h a n d u s urp the ,

thron e o f H e a ve n mu s t ho w e ve r h a ve b e e n a lre a dy
, , ,

popul a r in th e ti me o f I s a i a h In his rh a p s ody conc e rn

.

ing the fa ll o f B a bylon h e ta k e s hi s rh e toric fro m th e

,

s to r y o f Be l a n d the D ra gon a n d turn s a l e g e nd a s

, ,

fa mili a r to e ve ry B a byloni a n a s th a t o f St G e org e a n d .

th e D ra gon n o w i s to E ngli s h me n into a n illu s tra tion o f ,

th e ir o w n doom Th e inve ctive i s dire cte d a ga ins t th e

.

K ing o f B a bylon con s e qu e ntly th e s e x o f the d e vil i s

,

cha nge d ; but th e mos t r e m a rk a bl e ch a nge i s in the

a s cription to L uci fe r o f a cl e a r purpo s e to riva l th e M o s t

H igh a n d s e iz e th e thron e o f h e a ve n
, .

H e ll from b e n e a th i s move d fo r th e e to m e e t th e e a t
thy coming i t s tirre th up the (s pirits o f) the d e a d e v e n
, ,
 TH E F AL L OF L UCI F E R . 1 19

a ll the chi e f on e s (gre a t goa ts ) o f the e a rth : it ha th ra i se d

up from the ir thron e s a ll the kings o f th e n a tion s (d e mon
be gotte n a li e n s) A ll th e se s h a ll s a y unto th e e A r t thou
. ,

a l s o b e com e w e a k a s w e ? A r t thou b e com e lik e unto u s ?

Th y s pl e ndour i s brought do w n to the u nd e rw orld a n d ,

th e n oi se o f thy viol s th e w orm i s s pre a d und e r th e e a n d ,

th e w orm s cov e r th e e H o w a r t thou fa ll e n O L uci fe r

.
,

( D a y s t a r) s o n o f th,e morni n g ! h o w a r t thou cut do w n to

th e ground w hich did s t w e a k e n th e n a tion s ! For tho u
h a s t s a id in thy h e a rt I w ill a s ce nd into (th e upp e r) ,

h e a ve n I w ill e xa lt my thron e a bove the s t a rs ( a rch

,

a n g e l s ) o f God : I w ill s i t ( re ign ) a l s o upon the mou n t o f

th e congre g a tion (the a s s e mbly o f th e e n e mi e s o f God ) in

th e s id e s o f the north I w ill a s ce nd a bove the h e ights

.

o f th e cloud s ( the thund e r thron e o f J e hova h ) ; I w ill b e -

l ik e the M o s t H igh Y e t s h a lt thou b e brought d ow n to

.

h e l l to the s id e s o f th e pit 1 ’
.
,

I n thi s p a s s a g e w e m a rk th e a re n a o f the comb a t

s hi ft e d fro m h e a ve n to e a rth It i s not the thron e o f .

h e a ve n but th a t o f the w orld a t w hich th e fi e nd s n o w a i m .

N a y th e re i s con fe s s ion in e v e ry lin e o f th e proph e cy th a t

,

th e e n e my o f J e hova h Ira : u s urp e d h is thron e H e ll ha s .

pre va il e d a n d L uci fe r i s th e Prince o f thi s W orld The

, .

c e l e s ti a l s ucc e ss h a s not b e e n m a int a in e d on e a rth Thi s .

w ould be the obviou s fa ct to a humili a t e d oppre sse d , ,

1
I sa i a h x iv . I t ma y
i f i n this pe rs o n i fica tio n o f a fa lle n sta r w e
a ppe a r a s

h a v e e n te re d a d i ffe r e n t myth o lo gi c a l r e gi o n fr o m tha t r e p re se n te d by the

Assyr i a n ta ble ts ; bu ti t is n o t so The d e mo n ia c fo rms o f I s h ta r , As ta r te , a r e
.

fa llen a rs a lso .
st She a p pe a r s i n G r e ec e as A r te mis Astra te i a , w ho se w o rs hi p

P a u sa n ia s me n ti o n s a s c o mi n g fr o m the E a st H e r d e v e lo pme n t i s thr o u gh

.

A s te r ia ( G r e e k fo r m o f I s h ta r ) , i n w h o se myth i s hidd e n mu c h v a lu a ble

Ba bylo n i a n lo r e As te r i a w a s s a i d to ha v e thr o w n he r se lf i n to the se a , a n d
.

be e n c ha n ge d i n to the i s la n d c a lle d As te r ia , fr om i ts ha v i n g fa lle n li k e a sta r

fro m he a v e n H e r sui c i d e w a s to e sc a pe fr o m the e mbra c e s o f Ze u s, a n d he r
.

e sc a pe fr o m hi m i n fo r m o f a qu a i l, a s w e ll a s he r fa te , ma y be i n str u c ti v e ly
co mpa r e d w i th the sto ry o f Li li th, w ho fle w o u t o f Ed e n o n w i n gs to esc a pe

fro m Ad a m a n d ma d e a n, e flo rt to d r o w n he rse lf i n the Re d Se a The .

1 20 TH E D R A G ON S TR I
’
UM PH .

h e a vily ta xe d p e opl e w ho be li e ve d th e m s e lve s th e o n e

-

fa mily on e a rth s pr u ng from J e hova h a n d th e ir m a s t e rs ,

th e o ffs pring o f d e mon s Thi s s itu a tion ga ve to the va gu e .

tra dition s o f a Singl e comb a t b e tw e e n Be l a n d th e D ra go n :

a bout a n e clips e or a riot th e s ignific a nc e w hich it re ta in e d ,

e ve r a ft e r w a rd o f a mighty conflict on e a rth b e t w e e n the

r e a lm s o f L ight a n d D a rkn e ss b e tw e e n w hich th e E lohi m ,

h a d s e t a bound a ry lin e (Ge n i 4 ) in the b e gi n ni n g -

. . .

A s imil a r s itu a tion re turn e d w h e n th e J e w s w e re u n d e r

the s w a y o f R om e a n d th e n a ll th a t h a d e ve r b e e n sa id o f
,

B a bylon w a s re pe a te d a ga in s t R om e und e r the n a m e o f

E d om It re curre d in the c a s e o f tho s e J e w s w ho a cknow
.

l e dge d J e s u s a s th e ir M e s s i a h in th e pomp a n d glory o f

th e Cmsa r s th e y b e h e ld the triumph o f th e Po w e rs o f

D a rkn e s s a n d the burth e n o f I s a i a h a ga in s t L uci fe r w a s

,

ra i s e d a ga in in tha t o f the A poca lyp s e a ga in s t th e s e ve n

h e a d e d D ra gon It i s n ot a bl e ho w th e se w rite rs le ft out
.

o f s ight th e m y th o f E d e n s o fa r a s it did not be long to

th e ir ra c e I sa i a h do e s not s a y a nything e ve n o f the

.

s e rp e nt Th e A poc a lyp s e s a y s nothi n g o f th e tw o w o n

.

d e r fu l tre e s a n d th e s e rp e nt a pp e a rs on ly a s a D ra go n from
,

w ho m the w o ma n i s e s c a ping by w hom s he i s n o t a t a ll ,

t e mpte d Th e s ha p e o f the D e vil a n d th e Comba t w ith

.
,

him h a ve a l w a ys b e e n d e te rmin e d by d a nge rs a n d e vil s

,

th a t a r e a ctu a l not s uch a s a r e a r cha o lo gic a l

, .

d i a bo li sa ti o n of As te r i a (the fa lle n star ) hr o u gh

w as t he r d a u gh te r H e c a te .

H e ca te w a s the fe ma le Ti ta n w ho mos t po ten t a lly o f the go ds

w a s the . He r
r u le w as su p r e me un d e r Ze u s , a n d a ll the gi fts v a lu e d by mo r ta ls w e re

b e li e v e d to p r o ce e d fr o m he r ; bu t she w a s se v e r e l
y j u d ic ia l , an d r igi d ly w i th

h e ld a ll blessi n gs fr o m s uc h a s di d n o t d e se r v e th e m . Thu s s he w a s , a s the

se a r c h i n g e ye of Ze u s, a s ta r sp y -
u po n e a r th . Su c h s
p i es, as we ha v e
r e p ea te d ly ha d o c c a s io n to me n ti o n i n this w or k , a re n o r ma lly d e v e lo p e d i n to
d e v i ls . F ro m p r o fe ssi o n a l de te c tiv e s the y be c o me a cc u s e rs an d i n s tiga to rs .

I sh ta r of the Ba bylo n ia n s, As te r i a o f the G r e e ks , an d the D a y s ta r o f the -

H e br e w s a re ma l e an d fe ma le fo r ms of th e sa me p e r s o n i fica ti o n : H e ca te
w i th he r to rc h ( Eu r os, fa r -
s ho o ti n g and L u c i fe r li gh t br i n ge r
-
on the
d e e ds of d a r kn ess) a re the sa me i n the i r d e gra d a ti o n .
 A GI PS Y LE G E N D . 1 zr

A gips y n e a r E dinburgh ga ve me hi s ve rs io n o f the

comba t be tw e e n God a n d Sa ta n a s follow s W h e n God .
‘

cre a t e d the unive rs e a n d a ll things in it Sa ta n tri e d to ,

cre a te a ri v a l unive rs e H e m a n a ge d to m a tch e ve rything

.

pre tty w e ll e xce pt ma n The re h e fa il e d ; a n d God to

.

puni s h h is prid e ca s t hi m dow n to the e a rth a n d bound

h i m w ith a ch a in . But thi s cha in w a s so long th a t Sa ta n
w a s a bl e to move ove r the w hol e fa c e o f the e a rth l
'
T h e re ha d got into thi s w a nd e re r s h e a d s om e bit o f the
Ba by loni a n s to ry a n d it w a s min gl e d w ith Gno s tic tr a
,

d iti o n s a bou t I ld a ba o th but th e re w a s a l s o a qu a int

s u gg e s tion in Sa t a n s long ch a in o f th e migra tion o f thi s
’

mythica l comba t not only round the w orld but thr ough ,

th e a ge s.

Th e e a rly follow e rs o f Chri s t c a m e b e fore the glori e s o f

Pa g a ni s m w it h the l e g e nd th a t th e lo w ly s hould inh e rit
th e e a rth . A n d though th e y s p e e dily s urr e nd e re d to the
r u l e rs o f th e w orld i n R om e a n d m a d e the m s e lve s into
,

a chri sti a n a ri s tocra cy w h e n th e y ca m e into N orth e rn

,

E urop e th e chri s ti a n s w e re a ga in brought to con front w ith

a n humble sys t e m th e re ligion o f thron e s a n d w a rriors .

S t Ga ti e n c e l e bra ting m a s s in a ca ve rn be s id e the L oire

.
,

m e a nt a s much w e a kn e ss in pre s e nce o f Pa ga nis m a s th e

H ugu e not s fe lt t w e lve c e n turi e s l a t e r hiding in the lik e
c a ve rn s from St Ga ti e n s pri e s tly s ucc e s s ors
’
. .

Th e burth e n o f I s a i a h i s h e a rd a g a in a n d w ith re a li stic ,

i n t e n s ity in the s e ve n th c e ntury a n d in the north w ith our

, , ,

a t r i a r c h i a l p o e t Ga dmo n
p .

The All po w e r fu l ha d -

An ge l tr i e s, -
b
Thr o u gh might o f ha n d ,
The h o ly Lo r d ,
Te n e s ta bli she d ,

In w ho m he tr u s te d w e ll

Tha tthe y h is se r v i c e
 (LE D M OJV S P OE M
’

W o u ld fo llo w ,
W o r k hi s w i ll
Th e r e fo r e ga v e he the m w i t,
An d s ha pe d th e m w i th h i s h a n d s,
The ho ly Lo r d .

He ha d pl a c e d th e m s o h a p pi ly,
On e he ha d ma d e s o p o w e r fu l,
So mi ghty i n hi s mi n d s tho u gh t,
’

H e le t h i m s w a y o v e r so mu c h,
H ighe st a fte r h ims e lf i n h e a v e n ’
s ki n gdo m.

H e ha d ma d e hi m s o fa i r ,
So be a u te o u s w a s h i s fo r m i n he a v e n ,
Th a t ca me to h i m fr o m the Lo r d o f h o s ts ,
He w as li ke to th e li ght s ta r s .

k
I t w a s h i s to w o r th e p ra i se o f the Lo r d ,
j
I t w a s h i s to h o ld d e a r h i s o ys i n he a v e n ,
An d to tha n k h i s Lo r d
F o r the r e w a r d th a t he ha d be sto w ed on i
h i m i n th a tl gh t
Th e n ha d he le t h i m lo n g po sse ss i t ;
Bu t he tu r n e d i t fo r h i ms e lf to a w o r se th i n g,
Be ga n to r a i s e w a r u po n h i m,
Aga i n s t the h i gh e s t R u le r o f he a v e n ,
W ho s i tte th i n th e h o ly s e a t .

D e a r w a s h e to o u r Lo r d ,
Bu t i t mi gh t n o t be hi d d e n fr o m h im
Tha t h i s a n ge l e ga n b
To be pre s u mptu o u s,
Ra i s e d h imse lf a ga i n s t h i s M a ste r ,
So u ght s pe e c h of h a te ,
W o r d s o f pr i d e to w a r d s h i m,
W o u ld n o t s e r v e G o d ,

Sa i d tha t h i s bo d y w a s
Li gh t a n d be a u te s ou ,

F a ir a n d b r i ght o f hu e

H e mi gh t n o t fin d i n hi s min d
T ha t h e w o u ld God
In su bj e c ti o n ,

H i s Lo r d , se r v e

Se e me d to h i ms e lf
Th a t h e a p o w e r a n d fo r ce
H a d gr e a te r
Tha n the ho ly Go d
Co u ld ha v e
TH E R E BE L L I O U S A N GE L S . 1 23

Of a d h e r e n ts .

Ma n y w o rds s a
p ke
Th e an ge l of p r e s u mpti o n
Th o u gh t, th r o u gh h i s o w n p o w e r ,
H o w be fo r h i ms e lf a s tr o n ge r
Se a t mi gh t ma ke ,
H i gh e r i n he a v e n
Sa id tha t h im h i s mi n d i mpe lle d ,

Th a t h e w e st a n d n o r th

W o u ld be gi n to w o r k ,

W o u ld p p
r e a r e s tr u c tu r e s
Sa i d i t to h i m se e me d d o u b tfu l
Th a t h e to G o d w o u ld

Be a v a s sa l.

W h y s h a ll I to i l i s a id he ; "

‘
To me i ti s n o w h i t n e e d fu l .

To h a v e a s u pe r i o r ;
I ca n w i th my h a n d s as ma n y
W o n de rs w or k;
I h a v e gr e a t p o w e r
To fo r m
A d i v i n e r thr o n e ,
A hi gh e r i n he a v e n .

W hy s h a ll I fo r h i s fa v o u r s er v e ,

Be n d to h i m i n s u c h v a s sa la ge ?
I ma y be a go d as he
Sta n d by me s tr o n g a s s o c i a te s ,

W ho w i ll me i n the s tr i fe ,
n o t fa il
H e r o e s s te r n o f mo o d ,
Th e y h a v e c ho s e n me fo r c hi e f ,

Re n o w n e d w a r rior s I
W i th su ch ma y on e d e v is e c o u n se l,

W i th s u c h c a p tu re hi s a d he r e n ts ;
T he y a re my ze a lo u s fr i e n d s,
F a i thfu l i n the ir tho u ghts
I ma y be th e i r c h i e fta i n ,

Sw a y i n thi s r e a lm
Th u s to me i t s e e me th n o t r ight

Tha t I i n a u gh t

N eed c r in ge
To G o d fo r an y go o d
’
I w i ll n o lo n ge r be hi s v a s sa l.

W he n the All po w e r fu l i t
-
 SA TA N S PR E S U M P TI ON Z
’

All ha d he a r d ,
Tha t h i s an ge l d e v i se d
G r e a t p re s u mp ti o n
To r a i se u p a ga i n s t h i s M a s te r ,
An d s pa ke p r o u d w o r d s
F o o li s hly a ga i n s t hi s Lo r d ,
Th e n mu st h e ex p i a te th e d e e d ,

Sha r e the w or k of w ar ,

An d fo r h i s p u n i sh me n t mu st h a v e
Of a ll d e a d ly i lls the gr e a te s t .

So d o th e v e ry ma n
W ho a ga i n st h i s Lo r d
D e v i se th to w a r ,

W i th cri me a ga i n s t the gr e a t R u le r .

T he n a s th e M ighty an g y
r

Th e h i gh e s t R u le r o f hea v e n
H u r le d h im fr o m th e lo fty s e a t ;
H a te h a d he ga i n e d a t h i s Lo r d,
H i s fa v o u r he h a d lo st,
I n c e n se d w i th h i m w a s th e Go o d i n h i s min d ,
mu s t he s e e k
T he r e fo r e th e gu lf
Of ha r d h e ll to r me n t,
-

Ru le r ,
’
F o r th a t he h a d w a r r e d w i th he a v e n s

He r ej e c te d h i m th e n fr o m h is fa v o u r ,
An d c a s t h i m i n to he ll,
I n to the d e e p pa r ts,
b
W he r e h e e c a me a d e v i l
T he fie n d w i th a ll h is co mr a de s
F e ll the n fr o m he a v e n a bo v e ,

T h r o u gh as lo n g a s th r e e n i ghts an d d a ys,
T he an ge ls fr o m h e a v e n i n to he ll
An d th e m a ll the Lo r d tr a n s fo r me d to d e v i ls,
Be ca u s e th e y h i s d e e d a n d w o rd

W o u ld n o t re v e re ;
T h e r e fo r e the m i n a w o r se light,
U n d e r th e e a r th be n e a th ,

Al mighty Go d
H a d p la c e d tr i u mp hle ss
I n the s w a r t h e ll

Th e r e the y h a v e a te v e n ,
b
I mme a s u r a ly lo n g,
E a c h o f a ll th e fi e n d s ,
A re n e w a l o f fir e
 S A TAN S P UN I SH M E N T:
’
1 25

Th e n co me th ere da w n
Th e e a s te r n w i n d,
b
F r o s t i tte r -
c o ld ,

E v e r fir e or da r t
So me ha r d to r me n t
The y mu s t h a v e ,

I tw a s w r o u ght fo r the m in pu nish me n t

,

The i r w o r ld w a s c ha n
ge d
F o r the i r s i n fu l co u rse

He fille d h e ll
W ith the a po s t
a te s.

W h e th e r thi s Spirit e d d e s cription ritt e n by Ca ed was w

mo n a n d w h e th e r it i s o f h i s ce ntury a re qu e s tion s u nim

, ,

port a nt to th e pre s e nt inquiry The poe m re pre se nts a .

me di ae va l notion w hich lo n g pre va il e d a n d w hich ch a ra c ,

te r i s e d th e M ys t e ri e s th a t Sa t a n a n d h is comra d e s w e re
,

humili a te d from th e high e s t a nge lic ra nk to a h e ll a lre a dy

F ig 3 . .
—Sa r a n
'
Pu msu n o .

pre pa re d a n d p e opl e d w ith d e vil s a n d w e re th e re a n d by

, ,

thos e d e vil s s e ve re ly puni s h e d On e o f the illumin a tion s

, .

o f th e Cae dmon ma nu s cript pre se rve d in the Bodl e i a n

,

L ibra ry s how s Sa t a n und e rgoing hi s torm e n t ( Fig

, .
 M I L TON S VE R SI ON
’
r26 .

He is bound ove r s om e thing like a gridiron a n d fou r ,

d e vil s a r e to r t u ring him th e l a rge s t u s ing a s courge w i th

,

s i x prong s H i s fa c e m a ni fe s ts gre a t s u ffe ri n g H i s form

. .

i s m a inly hum a n but h i s bu s hy t a il a n d a nim a l fe e t indi

,

c a te th a t he ha s be e n tra n s form e d to a d e vil s imil a r to

those w ho ch a s ti s e him .

On Cae dmon s found a tion M ilton built h is gorg e ou s

’

e dific e . H i s Sa t a n i s a n a mbitiou s a n d v e ry E ngli s h lord ,

in w hom a r e re fl e cte d the w hol e a ri s tocra cy o f E ngla nd i n

th e ir h a tre d a n d cont e mpt o f the holy Purita n Common
w e a lth th e Church o f Chri s t a s h e d e e m e d it
,
The a ge s .

h a d brought round a s imil a r s itu a tion to th a t w hich con

front e d th e Je w s a t B a bylo n th e e a rly chri s ti a n s o f R om e , ,

a n d th e ir mi s s ion a ri e s a mong th e proud p a g a n princ e s o f

the north .The Church h a d long a lli e d its e l f w ith the

e a rli e r L uci fe rs o f th e north a n d n o w r e pr e s e nt e d th e ,

proud e mpire o f a s a ta nic a ri s tocra cy a n d the p e rs e cute d ,

N o n con formi s t s re pre s e nt e d th e a uthority o f th e K ing o f

kings I n th e E ngli s h p a l a c e a n d in the thron e o f
.
,

Ca n te rbury M ilton s a w h i s B e e lz e bub a n d h is Sa t a n

, .

'

Th i n fe r n a l t; h e i t w a s , w h o s e gu ile ,
’
s e r pe n

Sti r r e d p u w i th e n v y a n d re v en ge , de ce iv e d
T he ma n ki n d , w ha t ti me h i s pr id e
mo th e r of

H a d c a s t h i m o u t fr o m be a v a , w i th a ll h is ho s t
’

Of r e be l a n ge ls ,
by w ho se a id a s pi r i n g

To se t h i mse lf i n glo r y a bo v e
h i s pe e r s
He tr u s te d to ha v e e q u a ll d th e M o s t Hi gh,
’

I f he o p p o se d an d w i th a mb i ti o u s a im
Aga in s t the thr o n e an d mo n a r c h y of Go d
Ra i se d i mpi o u s w ar i n be a v
’
a , an d ba ttle p r o u d ,

W i th v a i n a tte mpt . H im the almigh ty P o w e r

H u r l d he a d lo n g fla mi n g fr o m th e the r e a l sky,
’ ’

W i th hid e o u s r u i n a n d c o mb u stio n , d o w n
To b o tto mle s s pe r d i ti o n , th e re to d w e ll
I n a d a ma n ti n e c h a i n s a n d pe n a l fir e ,
W ho d u r s t d e fy th
’
Om n i po te n t to ar m s. 1

1 P a ra d is e Lo st, i 40 50
’
.
-
.
 TH E P UR I TA N S AN D PR I N CE R UPE R T . 12 7

Thi s a d a pt a ti on
im a ge ry o f I s a i a h conc e rni n g
of the

L u ci fe r h a s in it a ll the th u n d e r hurl e d by Crom w e ll

a g a in s t Ch a rl e s E ve n a Purit a n po e t might not a lto
.

g e th e r re pre ss a dmira tion fo r the d a s h a n d d a ring o f a

Pri n ce R up e rt to w hich ind e e d e ve n h i s pros a ic c o
,

re ligionis ts pa id the complim e nt o f a s cribing to it a

d i a bolic a l s ourc e 1
N o t a mid conflict s th a t ra g e d in
.

a nci e nt Sy ri a brok e forth s uch lin e s a s

Be tte r to r e i gn i n h e ll, tha n i n be a v

’
se r v e a .

W i th r a ll i e d a r ms to tr y w h a t ma y be ye t
ha t mo r e lo st i n h e ll
’
R e ga i n d i n he a v
’
n , or w .

Th e hom M ilton s a w w a s Crom w e ll a n d the

Be l w ,

D ra gon th a t s e rp e nt o f E ngli s h O ppre ss ion w hich th e D i c

t a tor i s tra mpling on in a w e ll know n e ngra ving o f h is -

tim e I n th e hi s to r y o f th e R e form a tion the old l e g e nd

.

d i d m a ni fold duty a ga in a s in the picture ( Fi g I 3) by ,

.

L uth e r s fri e nd L uca s Cra n a ch

’
.

It w ould s e e m th a t i n the cou rs e o f tim e Be l a n d th e

D ra gon b e c a m e s u fli c i e n tly clo s e a lli e s fo r th e ir w o r

An d fo r e mo s t ri de s Pr in c e Ru pe rt d a r li n g o f fo r tu n e a n d o f w a r w i th
, ,

h i s be a u ti ful a n d tho u ghtfu l fa c e o f tw e n ty thr e e s te m a n d b r o n ze d a lre a d y -

, ,

y e t b e a r d le ss a n d d i m le d his d a r k a n d
p p a ss i o
, n a te e ye s h i s lo n g lo v e l o c k s ,
-

d r o o p in g o v e r c o s tly e mbr o id e ry h i s gra c e fu l sca r le t c lo a k hi s w hi te plu me d

, ,
-

h a t a n d h is ta ll a n d sta te ly fo r m
, H i s high bo rn be a u ty i s p r e s e r v e d to u s
.
-

fo r e v e r o n th e ca n v a s bf Va n d yc k a n d a s the I ta li a n s ha v e n a me d the a r ti s t
‘
,

I l Pi tto re Ca v a lie r es c o so w i ll this su bj e c to f his s k i ll r e ma i n fo r e v e r the

’
,

id e a l of I I Ca v a lie re Pi tt o r e sc o . An d as he n ow ri d e s a t the he a d o f thi s

b ri ll ia n t a r ra y , h is be a u tifu l w hi te do g bo un ds o n w a rd j o yo u sly be s i de hi m ,

tha t qu a d r u p e d r e n o w n e d i n the pa mp hle ts o f the ti me , w ho se sn o w y sk i n ha s

be e n s ta i n e d by ma n y a lo o d d r o p i n the d e spe r a te fo r a ys o f h is
b -
ma s te r , bu t
w h o ha s thu s fa r e sc a pe d so sa fe ly tha t th e P u ri tan s be lie v e h i m a fa mi li a r
sp i r i t
,
ad tr y to d e s tr o y him by po ys o n a n d e x te mpo r e p ra ye r , w hic h ye t
n
‘

h u r t hi m n o mo r e tha n the pla gu e p la s te r d i d M r Py m

’
a i li n g i n this , . . F
the y the to be di v e ll, d o w n r igh t
‘
pr o n o u n ce p r e tty c r e a tu r e a n ot a v e ry

d iv e ll, bu tso me La pla n d la dye , o n ce by n a tu r e a ha n d s o me w hi te la dye , n o w

b y a r t a ha n d so me w hi te d o gge .
—
’
A Cka rge w i l l: Pr i n ce Ru per t Co l H i g . .

' ‘ ’
g i n s o n s Atla n i
t c E s sa ys .
 M YS TE R Y I N M AR I
’
12 8 A ‘
ON E TTE S .

sh ippe rs to fe e d a n d d e fe nd th e m both w ith e qu a l d e vo

tion a n d fo r D a ni e l to e xplod e the m both in ca r rying on
,

the fi ght o f hi s d e ity a ga in st the gods o f B a by lo n Th i s .

s tory o f Be l i s a poc r yph a l a s to th e ca non but highly ,

s ignific a nt a s to the hi s tor y w e a r e n o w cons id e ring .

A ltho u gh the J e w s m a inta in e d th e ir s truggl e a g a ins t

principa liti e s a n d po w e rs long a fte r it h a d b e e n a
forlorn hop e a n d n e ve r s urre nd e re d nor m a d e a lli a nce
, ,

w ith the D ra gon the s a m e ca nnot b e s a id o f tho s e w ho

,

a ppropri a t e d th e ir titl e o f the cho s e n o f God count e r

’
,

fe i te d th e ir cove n a nt a n d tra ve s ti e d th e ir tra dition s

,
The .

a lli a nc e o f Chri s ti a nity a n d th e D ra gon h a s not b e e n

nomin a l but fe a rfully re a l In fulfilling th e ir mi ss ion o f
, .

‘
inh e riting the e a rth the m e e k ca ll e d a round th e m a n d
,
’ ’

p r e s s e d into th e ir s e rvic e a g e nt s a n d w e a pon s more d i a

bo li c a l th a n a n y w ith w hich the Ori e nt a l im a gin a tion ha d

p e opl e d the a bod e o f d e vil s in the north .

A t a Fa ir in Tours ( A ug u s t 1 87 8) I sa w tw o e x h i b i
tion s w hich w e re impre s s ive e nough in the light the y ca s t
through hi s tory On e w a s a s hrunk e n a n d s u ffi ci e ntl y
.

grot e s qu e production by puppe ts o f the M e d ia zv a l M y ‘

o f H e ll N e a rly e ve ry old s ch e m e a n d vi s ion o f

’
s te r y .

the und e rw orld w a s re pre s e nt e d in the s c e n e The thre e .

Judg e s s a t to h e a r e a ch c a se A d e vil ra ng a be ll w h e n
.
.

e ve r a n y culprit a pp e a re d a t th e g a t e Th e a ccu s e d w a s .

—
u sh e re d in by a w inge d d e vil Sa t a n the A ccu se r w ho — , ,

by the s how w om a n s lips st a te d the ch a rge s a ga in st e a ch

-
’
,

w ith a n e a g e r d e s ire to m a k e him or h e r out a s w ick e d a s

po ss ibl e A d e vil w ith pitch fork re c e ive d the s e nte nce d

.
,

a n d s hove d th e m dow n into a furn a c e Th e re w a s a n .

a rra y o f brilli a nt dra gon s a round but th e y a pp e a re d to ,

h a ve nothi n g to do be yond e njoy ing the s p e cta cl e But .

this e xhibition w hich w a s s tyl e d Tw e nty minut e s in He ll ‘ ’

,

w a s poor a n d fa int b e s id e the n e ighbou r i n g e xhibitio n o f

 E UR OPE A N B E LL S . r 29

th e re a l H e l l in w hich E urope ha d be e n to r ture d fo r

,

fi fte e n c e nturi e s Som e indu s triou s G e rm a n s ha d got

.

tog e th e r in o n e l a rge room s e ve ra l hundre d s o f the i n

s tr u me n ts o f torture by w hich t h e n a tion s o f the W e s t
w e re p e rs u a d e d to e mbra ce Chri s ti a nity E ve ry limb .
,

s i n e w fe a ture
, bon e a n d n e rv e o f the hum a n fra m e ha d
, ,

s ugg e s t e d to chri s ti a n inv e ntive n e s s s om e i n g e niou s d e vic e

b y w hich it might b e tortu re d W h e e ls on w hich to bre a k

.

bon e s ch a irs o f a ngui s h thumbs cre w s the iron V irgin

, , ,

w hos e e mbra c e pi e rc e d through e ve ry vit a l p a rt ; th e

h u n g e r m a s k w hich re n e w e d fo r Chri s t s s a k e the e x a c t

’
-

torm e n t o f Ta nt a lu s ; e ve n the m a chin e w hich bore the

v e ry n a m e o f t h e e n e my th t w a s c a s t dow n
a — the D ra gon s
’

Hea d ! By s uch in strum e nt a liti e s ca m e tho s e qu a s i

m ira culou s Triumph s o f the Cros s o f w hich s o much
‘ ’
,

h a s b e e n s a id a n d s ung i Th e mos t s a li e n t ph e nom e non

o f chri s ti a n hi s tory i s th e s t e a dy triumph o f th e D ra gon .

M i s l e a d e r a n d D e c e ive r to the l a s t h e i s quit e w illing to

,

s pri n kl e h is fork a n d ra ck w ith holy w a t e r to cros s him ,

s e l f to l a b e l h i s ca ldron s divi n e ju s tice to w rite CH RI ST ’

, ,

u p on h i s for e h e a d by s o doing he w a s a bl e to s pring h i s

i n fe rn a l e ngin e on the b e s t n a tion s a n d c o w the s tronge s t
,

h e a rt s till from th e ir p a llid lip s w e re w ru n g the c o n fe s

,
‘

s ion s o f fa ith or the l a s t cry o f m a rty re d truth So w a s

’
.
,

h e a bl e to a s sa ult the pure h e a ve n s onc e more to qu e nch ,

th e s t a rs o f hum a n fa ith a n d hop e a n d g e n e r a t e a ra c e

,

o f polit e l e a rn e d a n d civili se d hypocrit e s

, , But the a nci e nt .

s u n b e a m s a r e a ft e r him th e m a nd a t e ha s a g a in gon e forth ,

L e t th e re b e light a n d the L ight tha t n o w bre a k s forth

’

i s n o t o f th a t kind w hi c h re sp e ct s the limit o f D a rkn e ss .

VOL I I . .
 C H A PT E R X I I .

STRI FE .

He b r e w go d W a r Sa ma el b le ss i n g a n d
’
of The fa the r s c ur se

E s a u — E d o m— J a c o b a n d the —
P ha n to m The p la n e t Ma rs

Tr a d es ma n a n d H u n ts a n m Th e D e v il s D r e a m
'
.
’

W HO is this tha t c o me th fr o m E d o m,
I n d ye d ga r me n ts fr o m Bo zr a h ?
Th i s tha t i s glo r i o u s i n h i s a ppa r e l,
Tra v e lli n g i n the gr e a tn e s s o f hi s s tr e n gth ?
I w h o pr o mi se d e li v e r a n c e , migh ty to s a v e .

W he re fo r e a rt tho u r e d i n thi n e a p pa r e l,
An d thy ga r me n ts li ke hi m tha t tr e a d e th the w in e v a t ?
-

I ha v e tr o d d e n the w i n e p r e ss a lo n e
-

An d o f the p e o ple s the r e w a s n o n e w i th me

An d I w ill tr e a d the m i n mi n e a n ge r ,

An d v ple the m i n my fu r y
a rn

b
An d the i r lo o d s ha ll be sp r i n le d k u po n my ga r me n ts ,
An d I w i ll sta in a ll my r a i me n t .

F o r th e d a y o f v e n ge a n c e i s i n my he a rt,
An d the ye a r o f mi n e a v e n ge d i s c o me .

An d I lo o ke d , a n d the r e w a s n o n e to h e lp
A n d I w o n d e r e d th a t the r e w a s n o n e to u pho ld
The re fo r e mi n e o w n a r m ga i n e d me the v i c to r y,
An d mi n e o w n fu r y, i t u p h e ld me .

An d I w i ll tr e a d d o w n the p e o p le s i n mi n e a n ge r ,
'

An d ma ke the m d r u n k i n my w r a th,
An d w ill br in g d o w n the i r s tr e n gth to the e a r th ‘
.

Thi s i s the picture of th e Up on i tgod of Wa r .

comm e nt in E mek H a mme lec/z is : The colou r o f ‘

godle ss Sa ma é l a n d o f a ll his prince s a n d lord s ha s

1
I sa lx ii i 1 6
. .
-
.
 SAM A E L . 1 3:

as p e ct of re d fir e ; a n d a ll the ir e m a n a tions a r e red .

S a ma é l i s r e d , a l s o hi s hors e hi s s w ord h i s r a im e nt ,
, , an d
th e g rou nd b e ne a th him a r e r e d In the future the H oly
, .

God sha ll w e a r his ra im e nt 1

Sa m a e l i s l e a d e r o f the
O ppos ition H e i s the Soul o f the fi e ry pl a n e t M a rs
. He .

i s the Cre a tor a n d in s pire r o f a ll Se rpe nts A za z e l d e mo n .

,

o f th e D e s e rt i s h i s Firs t L ord , H e w a s the t e rre s tri a l .

C h i e f a round w hom th e fa ll e n a ng e l s g a th e re d a n d h i s ,

g re a t po w e r w a s a ckno w l e dg e d A ll th e s e ch a ra ct e r.s th e

a nci e n t R a bbin s found bl e nd e d in hi s n a m e S imm e .

( d a zzli n g) S om e ( blinding
, ) S e mdl (t he l e ft , s id e ) a n d ,

S a mha mma v e th (d e a dly poi s on) w e re combin e d in th e ,

te rribl e n a m e o f Sa m a el H e rul e d ove r the s i n i s te r Le ft

. .

W h e n M o se s in w a r w ith the A m a l e kite s ra i s e d his te n

, ,

fi n ge rs it w a s a s pe ci a l invoca tion to the Te n Se phirot h

, ,

D ivin e E m a na tion s b e ca u s e h e kn e w the pow e r w hic h

,

th e A m a l e kit e s got from Sa m a el might tur n h i s o w n l e ft

'

h a nd a ga in s t I s ra e l ” The s ca p e goa t w a s a s a crifice to

.

h i m through A z a z e l .

S a m a e l i s the mythologic e xpr e s s io n a n d e mbodim e nt

''

o f th e hi s to r y o f E s a u a ft e rw a rd E dom , J a cob a n d E s a u .

re pre s e nte d th e s h e e p a n d the goa t divid e d in the pa s t ,

a n d to be s und e re d fo r e v e r A s J a cob by cove ring h i s.

fl e s h w ith goa t s kin s obt a in e d h is fa th e r s bl e s s ing d u e to

-
’

E s a u th e I s ra e lit e s w a nd e ri n g through the w ild e rn e s s

,

n r o m s forbidd e n dom a in) se e m e d to h a v e fa i th th a t

’

( e a E d
the o ffe ring o f a go a t w ould convi n c e h i s V ic e roy A z a z e l

tha t th e y w e re orthodox E domit e s The re dn e ss o f .

Sa m a e l b e gin s w ith th e r e d pott a ge from w hich E s a u w a s

'’

ca ll e d E dom Th e E ngli s h ve rs ion doe s not give the

.

e mph a s i s w ith w hich E s a u i s s a id to h a ve c a ll e d fo r th e

potta ge the re d ! th e r e d ! Th e ch a ra ct e ri s ti c s

1
F o l 84, . col . 1. M aa r ec he th ha Ela hu th, fo l . 2 57, c o l. 1 .
 CUR SE
'
1 33 TH E FA TH E R S BLE SSI N G AN D .

a sc r ibe d in the l e ge nd a r e m e re ly a sa ga built

to E s a u
on th e loca l n a m e s w ith w hich he w a s a ss oci a te d .

E dom m e a n s r e d a n d Se ir m e a n s h a i r y
,
’
It proba bly .

m e a nt the Sh a ggy M ounta in s 1

.
’

It i s inte re sting to obs e rve the p a rting o f t h e hu m a n

a n d th e th e ologic a l myth s in thi s s tory J a cob i s th e .

third p e rs on o f a p a tria rch a l trinity — A br h m

a a th e
,

Hea e v nly F a th e r I sa a c
, the L a ugh e r ( th e S u n ) a n d ,

J a c ob the Impo s tor or Suppl a nte r A s the moon su p .

pl a nts the s u n ta k e s hold o f h is h e e l s hin e s w i th his

, ,

li ght s o doe s J a cob s uppl a nt h is e ld e r broth ;

,
e r a n d a ll
th e d e a dlin e s s a s cribe d to the M oon a n d ot h e r Third ,

P e rs ons o f Tri niti e s w a s inh e rite d by J a cob u ntil his

’

n a me w a s ch a nge d by e uph e mi s m As the i mpa rti a l

.

sun s hin e s fo r good a n d e vil the s mile ,

o f I s a a c the .

L a ugh e r promi s e d gre a t bl e s s ing s to both o f h i s sons

,
.

Th e hum a n myth th e re fore r e pre s e nts both o f t h e m ga i n

ing gre a t pow e r a n d w e a lth a n d a fte r a long fe u d th e y a re
,

re concil e d Thi s fe a ture o f the l e ge nd w e s ha l l co n s id e r

.

h e re a ft e r J e hova h h a s a nothe r inte re s t to b e s e cure d

.
.

H e h a d d e cl a re d th a t o n e s hould s e rve the oth e r ; tha t

th e y s hould be curs e d w ho curse d J a cob ; a n d he sa i d ,

‘
J a cob h a ve I love d E s a u h a ve I h a te d ,
J a hvistic .
’

th e o logy ha d h e re s om e thing more import a nt th a n tw o

broth e rs to h a rmoni s e ; n a m e ly a p a tria rch s bl e s s i n g a n d a ’

d cur It contr y to or hodoxy th t m

’

g o s s e w a
. s a r a ll t a a a n

w hom J e hov a h h a t e d s hould po sse ss th e bl e ss ing s o f li fe ;

i t w a s e qu a lly u northodox th a t a fa th e r s bl e s s ing s houl d

'

n o t ca rr y w ith it e ve ry a dva nt a ge promi s e d It ha d to be .

re cord e d th a t E sa u be ca m e po w e rful live d by h is s w ord ,

,

a n d ha d gre a t po s s e ss ion s .

It ha d a ls o to be re cord e d th a t E dom r e volt e d from

u nd e r the ha n d o f Jud a h a n d ma d e a king u nto th e m

Ge se n i us , He b Le x ie
. .
 E SA UI 1 33

se lve s , th a t s uch ind e pe nd e nce contin u e d unto thi s

’
an d ‘

d a y (2 K ings viii 2 0 Th e r e w a s thu s no room fo r

’
.
,

th e e xhibition o f J a cob s s up e riority — th a t i s o f I s ra e l s

’ '
,

p riority ov e r E dom — i n th i s w orld n o r y,e t a n y roo m

to ca r ry out I sa a c s curs e on a ll w ho curs e d J a cob a n d
’

th e s a ying : J a cob h a ve I love d E s a u h a ve I h a t e d a n d

‘
, ,

la id h i s mounta in s a n d h i s h e rit a g e w a s te fo r the dra gon s

o f th e w ild e rn e s s ( M l
’
a .

A n s w e rs to s uch probl e m s a s th e s e e volve th e m s e lve s

s lo w ly b u t in e vita bly Th e a goni s e d cry o f the poor .

irl in Bro ning po m T h r m h v n

’

g w s e e e a y b e e a e ,

th e r e mu t be h e l
s l — m a rk s the dire c tion in w hich
n e c e s s ity le d hum a n s p e cul a tion m a ny a ge s b e fore h e r .

A futur e ha d to be inve nte d fo r the w orking out o f the

c urs e on E s a u w ho on e a rth h a d to fulfi l hi s fa th e r s
’

b l e ss ing by e njoying po w e r w e a lt h a n d ind e p e nd e nc e , ,

o f h is broth e r In th a t future hi s gre a tn e s s w hil e living

.

w a s re p a id by hi s r e l e ga tion to the d e s e rt a n d th e rock

w ith th e h e go a t fo r h i s s uppo r t
-
E sa u w a s b e li e ve d to .

h a v e b e e n ch a ng e d into a t e rribl e h a iry d e vil 1

But s til l .

th e r e follo w e d him in h i s ph a nt a s m a l tra n s form a tion a

g ho s tly e n vironm e nt o f hi s form e r po w e r a n d gre a tn e s s ;

th e bold e s t a n d holi e s t could not a fford to d e s pi se or s e t

a s id e th a t s h a re w hich h a d b e e n a llotte d h i m in th e
‘

le g e nd a n d could not be w holly s e t a s id e in the invi s ibl e

,

w orld .

J a cob s s h a re be ga n w ith a s hre w d b a rga in w ith his

’

i mprud e nt brothe r J a co b by h is cunning in the bre e d .

i n g o f th e s tre a k e d a nim a l s ( Ge n by w hich h e .

o u t w itt e d La ba n a n d oth e r ma n cn u v r e s
,
w a s r e a lly th e ,

1 H a i r in e ss was a p r e tty ge n e r a l c h a r a c te r i sti c of d e v ils ; he n ce , po ss i bly,

Old Ha r ry, i
’
th e e p i the t . e .
,
ha i r y, a p pli e d to the D e v il
. In O ld D e cc a n
D a ys, p 50, a Ra ksha sa is d e sc ri be d a s ha iry H e r ha i r ha n gs a r o u n d he r
’
.

b
i n a thi c k la ck ta n gle
’
Bu t the e a r d ha s r a r e ly be e n a c co rde d to de v ils
. b .
1 34 1 A COB A N D TH E PH A N TOM .

c a u s e o f bri ngi n g o n th e ra c e c a ll e d a fte r him th a t re pu te

fo r e xto r tion a fli x e d to th e m in s uch figure s a s Shylock
, ,

w h ich th e y h a ve found it s o h a r d to live do w n In .

be c oming the gre a t ba r te re rs o f th e E a s t th e ir obs t a c le ,

w a s th e plund e re r s a llying fo r th from the mounta i n

fa s tn e ss e s or ca re e ri ng ov e r th e d e s e rt Th e se w e re th e
.

tra dition a l d e s c e nd a nts o f E s a u w h o gra du a lly incl u de d

,

the I s hm a e lite s a s w e ll a s the E domit e s a fte rw a rd s ,

m e rge d in th e Idum e a n s But a s th e triba l di s tinction s

.

be ca m e los t th e a n ci e nt ho s tility s urvive d in the a bstra ct

,

form o f thi s s a ta n o f Stri fe — Sa m a el H e c a m e to m e a n

.

th e s pirit th a t s ti r s u p a nta goni s m be t w e e n tho se w ho

s hould be bre thre n . H e fin a lly be ca m e a n d a mon g ,

the more s up e rs titio u s J e w s s till i s in s tiga tor o f the ,

cru e l p e rs e cutions w hich h a ve so long purs u e d th e i r

r a ce a n d the pre judice s a ga in s t th e m w hich s u r v ive
,

e ve n i n countri e s to w ho se w e a lth l e a rning a n d a rt s

, ,

th e y h a ve l a rge ly contribute d . I n J e w i s h countr i e s

E dom ha s long be e n a n a m e fo r the pow e r o f R om e a n d
R om a ni s m s om e w h a t in th e sa m e w a y a s the s a m e a r e
,

c a ll e d Ba bylon by s om e chri s t ia n s J a cob w h e n pa s

‘ ’
.
,

s i n g into the w ild e rn e ss o f E dom w re s tl e d w i th th e i n

,

vi s ibl e pow e r o f E s a u or Sa ma él a n d ha d not b e e n a bl e

,
'

—
to pre va il e xce pt w ith a l a m e t high a p a rt w hich in , ,

e ve r y a nim a l ,I s ra e l th e re a fte r h e ld s a cre d to the Op

pos ing Pow e r a n d a b s ta in e d from e a ting A ra bbinica l .

le ge nd re pre s e nts J a cob a s h a ving be e n bitte n by a s e r

p e nt w hil e he w a s linge ring a bout the bound a ry o f E dom ,

a n d be fore h is gi ft o f go a t s a n d oth e r c a ttl e ha d b e e n

o ffe re d to h is broth e r The fi e ry se rp e nts w hich a ffl icte d

.

I s ra e l w e re unive rs a lly a ttribute d to Sa m a el a n d the ra i s in g ,

o f the Bra z e n Se rp e nt fo r the hom a ge o f the p e opl e w a s

a n in s t a nc e o f the uni form d e fe re nc e to E s a u s po w e r in

’

h is o w n dom a i n w hich w a s long inc u lca t e d .

 TH E PL AN E T M AR S . 1 35

As I w ri t e fi e ry M a rs n e a r e nough fo r the a s tronom e r

, ,

to d e t e ct i ts moon s i s a w ondrou s ph e nom e non i n the

,

s ky . Be n e a th it fe a r ful fa min e i s d e sol a ting thre e va s t

countri e s w a r i s ra ging be tw e e n tw o pow e rfu l n a tion s
, ,

a n d civil s tri fe i s s miting a noth e r e r e it h a s fa irly r e

cove re d from the w o u n d s o f a fore ign s truggl e . The .

di s m a l condition s se e m to ha ve s o little ro o t in politica l

n e ce s s ity th a t o n e might a lmo s t b e p a rdon e d e v e n n o w

fo r dre a mi n g th a t s om e s ubtl e influ e nc e h a s com e a mong

me n from the r e d pl a n e t th a t ha s a pproa ch e d the e a rth .

H o w e a s y th e n mu s t it h a ve be e n i n a s imil a r c o n j u n c
tion o f e a rthly a n d c e l e s ti a l ph e nom e n a to h a ve im a gin e d
S a m a el the pl a n e ta ry Sp e ctre to be a t w o rk w ith h i s
, ,

fa t a l fir e s l W h a t e v e r ma y h a v e b e e n th e occa s ion th e ,

r e d light o f M a rs a t a n e a rly p e ri od fix e d u pon th a t

p la n e t the odium o f a ll the burnin g blighting d e s e rt , ,

producing po w e rs o f w hich it w a s thou ght n e ce ss a ry to

re li e ve the a dora bl e Su n It w a s be li e ve d th a t a ll born
.
‘

und e r th a t pl a n e t w e re qu a rre l s om e A n d it w a s p a rt
’
.

o f th e popul a r J e w i s h b e li e f in th e ultim a t e t riu mph o f

good ove r e vil th a t unde r M a rs the M e s s i a s w a s to be
born .

W e ma y re g a rd E s a u Sa m a e l th e n a s the D e vil o f-

Stri fe H i s tra dition a l s o n Ca in w a s lik e him s e l f a

.

murd e re r from the b e gi n ni n g but in th a t e a rly p e riod

th e conflict w a s b e tw e e n the nom a d a n d the hunt s m a n

on o n e s id e on the oth e r the a g riculturi st a n d the

,

c a ttl e bre e d e r w ho w a s n e v e r re ga rd e d a s a nobl e figu re

-

a mon g th e Se mitic trib e s In the cou rs e o f tim e s om e

.

S e mitic trib e s b e c a m e a griculturi s ts a n d a mong th e m , ,

in d e fi a nce o f h is a rchae ologic a l ch a ra cte r Sa m a e l w a s ,

s a d dl e d w ith th e e vil s th a t b e s e t th e m A s a n ox h e .

1
Bu sla e f ha s a be a u ti fu l med i e va l p ic tur e of a de v il i n ci tin g Ca i n to hu r l
sto n es o n his pro stra te bro ther s fo rm
’
.
1 36 TR AD E SM AN AN D H UN TSM AN

brought rind e rpe s t But hi s vis ible a ppe a ra nce w a s sti ll

.

more ge n e ra lly th a t o f the ra ve n the w ild a s s the ho g , ,

w hich brought s cu r v y ; w hil e in s h a pe o f a d o g he w a s

so ge n e ra lly b e li e ve d to bring d e a dly di s e a s e th a t i t ,

w ould s e e m a s i f hydrophobi a w a s s pe ci a lly a ttribute d

‘ ’

to him .

In proce s s o f tim e b e nign a nt Pe a ce d w e lt more a n d

more w ith the a griculturis ts but s till a mo n g th e I s ra e lite s
,

the tra d e s m a n w a s the coming ma n a n d to him pe a c e

‘ ’

w a s e s s e n ti a l The hunts m a n o f th e E sa u cl a n figure s i n

.
, ,

m a ny l e ge nd s o f w hich the follow ing i s tra n s l a te d fro m

,

—
the A ra bic by La n c z Th e r e w a s a hunt s m a n w ho from a
mounta in c a ve brought s om e hon e y in h i s w a te r s ki n -

w hic h h e o ffe re d to a n oilm a n ; w h e n the oilm a n o p e n e d

the s kin a drop o f hon e y fe ll w hic h a bird a te ; the oil

m a n s c a ts pra ng on th e bird a n d kill e d it ; the hunts m a n s
’ ’

hound kill e d the c a t; the oilm a n kill e d the dog ; the hu n ts

ma n kill e d the oil m an ; a n d a s the tw o me n b e longe d
to d i fl e r e n t vill a ge s th e ir inh a bita nt s ros e a ga in s t e a ch
'

oth e r in ba ttl e a n d th e re di e d o f th e m a gre a t multi

,
‘

tud e the numb e r o f w ho m non e kno w e th but God w hos e

, ,

n a m e b e e xa lt e d 1

E s a u s ch a ra cte r a s a w ild hunts m a n i s re fe rre d to i n

’

a noth e r ch a pt e r It i s a s the ge niu s o f s tri fe a n d nom a di c

.

w a r th a t h e more dire ctly s t a nd s in contra s t w i th hi s

s uppl a nt e r
’
.

Fro m the w ild e l e m e nta l d e mon s o f s torm a n d te mpe s t

o f th e mos t primitive a ge to thi s D e vil o f Stri fe the

hum a n mind ha s a s s oci a te d e vil w ith unre s t Th e .

w ick e d a r e lik e the troubl e d s e a w h e n it c a nnot r e s t

’
.

S uch i s the burth e n o f th e J a p a n e se On i thron e d i n th e

h e a rt o f the hurrica n e o f the w ild hunts m a n i ssuing for th
,

a t the firs t n ote o f w a r o f E dom h a ting the victori e s

,

1
Fo r ty -
on e Ea ste rn Ta les .
 TH E LAK E OF S TI LLN E SS 1 37

o fp e a c e living by the s w ord The proph e cy th a t the

, .

Pri n ce o f Pe a ce s hould be born und e r the pl a n e t M a rs is

a s tra nge a n d mys tic a l s ugge s tion In a pow e rfu l poe m .

by Thom a s A ird The D e vil s D re a m the l a s t fe a rful

,
‘ ’
,
’

d oo m o f Sa ta n s v i s ion i s impri s onm e nt b e n e a th a l a k e

’

fo r e ve r s till — the S piri t o f Unr e s t cond e mn e d fo r e ve r to

,

th e re a lm o f a b s olut e s tilln e ss !

Th e r e a ll is so le mn i d le n e ss n o mu s i c he r e , no j a rs ,

W he re ’
Si le n c e gu a r d s th e c o a s t, e e r th r i ll h e r e v e r la s ti n g a r s b .

N0 s u n h e r e s h i n e s o n w a n to n i s le s
’
b u t o e r th e u r n i n g sh e e t b
A r i m o f r e s tle s s ha l o sh a ke s, w h i c h ma r ks th e i n te r n a l he a t
A s , i n th e d a y s o f be a u te o u s e a r th, w e se e w i th d a zzle d s igh t
The r e d a n d s e tti n g s u n o e r fl o w w i th r i n gs o f w e lli n g ligh t
’
.

O h ! h e re i n d r e a d a be ya n c e lu r ks o f u n cr e a te d th i n gs
T h e la s t La k e o f G o d s W r a th, w he r e He H i s fir s t gr e a t E n e my
’

br i n gs .

D ee p i n th e bo so m o f the gu lf th e F ie n d was ma d e to sta y,

i t s e e me d , te n th o u sa n d y e a rs h a d o e r h im r o lle d a w a y
’
T ill, as

I n d r e a ms he h a d e x te n d e d li fe to e a r th e fi e r y s pa c e b
B u t a ll w a s pa s s i v e , d u ll, a n d s te rn w i th i n h i s d w e lli n g pla ce -
.

Oh fo r a bla s t o f te n fo ld i r e to r o u se th e gi a n t su r ge ,
H i m fr o m th a t fl a t fix e d le tha r gy i mpe tu o u sly to u r ge 1
Le t h i m bu t r is e , bu t r id e u po n the te mpe st c r e s te d
-
w ave

O f fir e e n r i dge d tu mu ltu o u s ly, e a ch a n gy

r th i n g he d
’
br a v e l
Th e s tr o ke s o f W r a th ,
th i c k le t the m fa ll ! a s pe e d s o glo r i o u s

dr e a d
W o u ld be a r him thr o u gh , the c li n gi n g pa i n s w o u ld s tr i p fr o m o ff
h i s he a d .

The v i s io n of th is La st Ste rn La ke , oh ho w it pla gu e d h is so u l,

T y pe o f th a t d u ll e te r n i ty tha t o n h im s o o n mu s t r o ll,
W he n plans an d i s su e s al l mu s t c e a s e tha t e a r li e r ca r e be gu ile d ,

An d n e v e r e ra mo r e s h a ll s ta n d a la n d ma r k on the w ild
N o r fa i lu r e n o r s u c c e ss i s th e r e , n or bu s y h 0pe n or fa me ,
Bu t p a s s i v e fi x e d e n d ur a n c e , a ll e te rn a l a n d th e sa me .
 ( 1 38 )

C H A PTE R X I I I .

BARBARI C ARI ST C RACY O .

Ja c o b ,
the I mpo s to r
’
—Th e Ba r te re r E sa u , th e W a r r io r — Ba r
— —
b a ri a n D u ke s Tra d e a n d W r Re c o n c i lia ti o n o f J a c o b a n d
a

Es ua — T e i r G o ts
h h s — Le ge n d o f I bli s Pa ga n W a rri o rs o f
E u r o pe —Ru ss ia n H i e r a rc h y o f He ll .

I N th e pre ce di n g ch a pte r it w a s note d th a t th e re w e re

tw o myth s w ra pp e d up i n th e s to ry o f J a cob a n d E sa u ,

the o n e th e ologic a l the oth e r hum a n,

The form e r w a s .

th e re tre a te d the l a tt e r ma y be cons id e re d h e re Ra b

,
.

bi n i c a l th e ology ha s m a d e the J e w i s h r a ce a dopt a s th e ir

found e r th a t tricky p a tri a rch w hom Shylock a dopte d a s
h i s mod e l ; but a n y ce n s ure on th e m fo r th a t com e s w ith
littl e gra ce from chri s ti a ns w h o be lie ve th a t the y a r e s till
e njoying a cov e n a nt w hich J a cob s e xtortion s a n d tr e a c h
’

e ri e s w e re the divin e ly a dopt e d m e a n s o f confirmin g

-
It .

i s high tim e th a t the J e w i s h p e opl e s hould r e pudi a te

J a cob s proc e e dings a n d if th e y do not give him h is
’

firs t n a m e Impos tor ) b a ck a g a in a t l e a s t w ithdra w

’

from him the n a m e I s ra e l But it i s s til l mo re .

importa nt fo r m a nkind to s tudy the ph a s e s o f the ir

civili sa tion a n d not a ttribute to a n y pa rticul a r ra ce the
,

s pirit o f a l e g e nd w hich r e pre s e nts a n e poch o f s oci a l

d e ve lopm e nt throughout the w orld .

W h e n R e be ka h a s k e d J e hova h w hy he r u n born b a b e s
s truggl e d i n he r w omb h e a n s w e re d Tw o n a tion s a r e
, ,

i n thy w omb On e p e opl e s h a ll be s tronge r th a n th e

.
 TH E BAR TE R E R . r 39

o th e r p e opl e ; the e ld e r sh a ll b e s ubj e ct to the younge r .

’

W h a t pe opl e s th e s e w e re i s d e s cribe d in the bl e s s ings o f

J a cob on the tw o re pre s e nta tive s w h e n th e y ha d grow n
u p to b e the o n e r e d a n d h a iry a hunt s m a n ; th e oth e r
, ,

a qui e t ma n d w e lling in te nts a n d build e r o f ca ttl e

,

b o oth s .

—
J a cob cunning e xtorti on a te fra udul e nt in s piri t e v e n
, ,

w h e n t e chnic a lly fa ir — i s not a pl e a s ing figur e in th e

e y e s o f th e nin e t e e nth c e ntu r y But h e doe s not be long
.

to th e nin e t e e nth c e ntury H i s conte s t w a s w ith E s a u

. .

T h e ve ry n a m e s o f th e m be lo n g to mythology ; th e y a r e
n o t individu a l me n th e y a r e co n flicting te nd e nci e s a n d
i nt e re s ts o f a primitive pe riod Th e y mu s t be thought o f
.

a s I s ra e l a n d E dom hi s toric a lly ; mora lly a s the B a rte r ,

p r incipl e a n d th e Ba ndit principl e .

H igh thing s b e gin lo w A s trono my b e g a n a s A stro

.

logy ; a n d w h e n Tra d e b e ga n th e re mu s t h a ve be e n e v e n
m ore trick e ry a bout it th a n th e re i s n o w Conc e ive o f a .

w orld m a d e up o f nom a dic trib e s e nga ge d in p e r p e tu a l

w a r fa re .It i s a comm e rc e o f killing I f a tribe d e s ire s .

the rich e r s oil or l a rg e r pos se s s ion s o f a noth e r the m e thod ,

i s to e xt e rmin a te th a t oth e r But a t l a s t th e re ri s e s a

.

trib e e ith e r too w e a k or too p e a c e ful to e x t e rmin a t e a n d ,

i t propo s e s to b a rt e r It ch a lle nge s i ts n e ighbours to a

.

c ont e s t o f w it s Th e y tr y to ge t the a dva nt a ge o f e a ch

.

o th e r in b a rg a in s ; th e y h a ggl e a n d ch e a t ; a n d it i s not

h e roic a t a ll but it i s the b e ginni n g o f comm e rce a n d

,

e a ce
p .

But the D uk e s o f E dom a s th e y a r e ca ll e d w ill not

e nt e r into thi s comp a ct Th e y h a ve n o t b e e n u se d to it ;
.

th e y a r e a l w a ys outw itte d a t a b a rga in ; ju s t lik e thos e

o th e r r e d me n i n th e W e s t o f A m e ric a w hos e l a nd s a r e ,

b ought w i th b e a d s a n d th e ir te rritori a l birt h right t a k e n

,

fo r a m e ss o f pott a ge Th e y pre fe r to live by the h unt

.
1 40 D UK E S OF E D OM

an d by the sw ord The n be tw e e n the s e tw o pe op le s i s

.

a n e t e r a l fe ud w ith a n occ i on l tr c or in bibli l

n , a s a u e c a , ,

phra s e re concili a tion

, .
’

S urround e d by a comm e rci a l civili s a tion w ith i ts p r o sa i c ,

virtu e s a n d i ts pe tty vice s w e c a n not h e lp a dmiri n g mu c h

,

a bout the D u k e o f E dom non prod u ce r though he be

,
-
.

Bra ve imp u l s ive quick to forgive a s to re s e nt ; ge n e rou s a s

, , ,

pe opl e c a n a fford to be w he n the y ma y give w ha t th e y n e ve r

e a rn e d ; hi s g a ll a nt qu a liti e s ca s t a c e rta in m e a nn e s s ove r

h i s gra s ping broth e r the I s ra e lit e ,

It is a h e a lthy s ign i n
.

youth to a d mire s uch qu a liti e s The boy w ho d e lights i n .

R obi n H ood ; the youth w ho fe e l s a s tir o f e nthu s ia s m

w h e n h e r e a d s Schill e r s R o bbe r s ; the mn uy es o f the cl u bs
’
‘

a n d the rough s w ith un fulfill e d c a p a citi e s fo r a dv e ntu r e

,

in th e m w ho a dmire the ga ll a n t Turk a r e a ll li n ge r

,
‘
,
’

ing in the nom a dic a ge Th e y do not think o f things b u t

.

o f p e rs on s Th e y a r e impre ss e d by th e b a rb a ric d a s h
. .

The Spl e ndour o f w a rriors hid e s tra mpl e d a n d d e cim a te d

pe a sa ntri e s ; the ir coura g e c a n gild a trociti e s B e s id e s uc h .

c a ptiva ting qu a liti e s a n d thrilling s ce n e s ho w poor a n d

commonpl a ce a ppe a r thri fty ru s ticity a n d the c a utiou s , ,

s e lfi s h ,
mon e y m a king tra d e s m e n !
-

But fin e a n d h e roic a s th e D u k e o f E do m ma y a ppe a r

in the di sta nce it i s be s t to k e e p him a t a dis ta nce
, .

W h e n R obin H ood re a pp e a re d on Bla ckh e a th l a te ly h is ,

w a rm e s t a dmire rs w e re s a ti s fi e d to h e a r h e w a s se cure ly

lodge d in ga ol The J e w s ha d ju s t the s a m e s e n s a tions

.

a bout the D uk e s o f E dom Th e y s a w th a t tribe n e a r

.

to a n d live d in d a ily dre a d o f th e m Th e y w e re hirs u te

,
.

b a rb a ri a n s d w e lling a mid mounta in fa s tn e s se s a n d lord

, ,

i n g it ov e r a va s t t e rritory The w e a k tribe o f the pla in s

.

h a d no s oon e r got tog e th e r som e h e rd s a n d a littl e mone y ,

th a n those d a s hing E domit e s fe ll upon the m a n d c a rri e d

a w a y th e i r s a vings a n d s ubs t a nc e in a d a y Thi s m a de .
 R E CON CI LI A TI ON OF j A COE AN D E SA U . 14:

th e b a rt e ring tribe a ll the more d e pe nd e nt on th e ir cun

n ing . Th e y ha d to m a tch th e ir w it s a ga i n s t th e w orld ;
a n d th e y h a ve ha d to do th e s a m e to thi s d a y w h e n it ,

i s a chi e f e le m e nt o f th e ir s u r viva l th a t th e ir thri ft i s o f

i mport a nce to th e bu s in e s s a n d fin a nce o f E u rop e But .

in th e myth it i s s how n th a t Tra d e timorou s a s it i s in ,

p r e s e nce o f the s w ord m a y h a ve a ,

m a gn a nimity o f i ts

ow n . The Suppl a nt e r o f E dom i s h a unt e d by th e w ro n g

h e ha s don e h i s e ld e r broth e r a n d driv e n him to gre a t e r
,

a nimo s ity H e re s olve s to s e e k him o ffe r him gi fts a n d

.
, ,

c ra ve re concili a tion It is e a s y to put a n un fa voura bl e

.

c o n s truction u pon h i s a ction but it is not n e ce s s a ry

,
.

T h e S uppl a nt e r w ith drove s o f c a ttl e a l a rg e portion o f

, ,

h i s po ss e s s ion s p a s s e s out to w a rd s pe rilou s E dom u n

, ,

a rme d ,
u nd e fe nd e d e xc e pt by h i s a mic a bl e
, inte ntion s
to w a rd s the po w e rful chi e ft a in h e h a d w rong e d A t the .

b ord e r o f the hos til e kingdom he l e a rn s th a t the chi e ft a i n

i s comin g to m e e t him w ith four hundr e d me n He is .

n o w s e iz e d w ith a mighty S pirit o f Fe a r H e s e nd s on th e .

h e rd s m e n w ith th e h e rd s a n d re m a in s a lon e
, D uri n g th e .

w a tch e s o f th e night th e re clo s e s upon h i m thi s ph a nto m

o f Fe a r w ith i ts pre s a ge o f D e a th
, Th e tricky tra d e s .

ma n h a s me t his Con s ci e nce a n d it i s girt a bout w ith ,

T e rror . But he fe e l s th a t hi s nobl e r s e l f is w ith it a n d ,

th a t h e w ill w i n Fin e ly h a s Ch a rl e s W e s l e y told the

.

s tory i n h i s hymn

Co me , O th o u tra v e lle r un kn o w n ,

W h o m s ti ll I b o ld bu t c a n n o t s e e
M y c o mpa n y be fo r e i s go n e
An d I a m le ft a lo n e w i th th e e
W i th th e e a ll n igh t I me a n to sta y
An d w r e s tle ti ll th e br e a k o f d a y .

Confid e nt in lf
d e s pa ir th e Suppl a nt e r co n qu e rs
’
se -

, his
Fe a r w ith th e d a w n he tra ve l s on w a rd a lon e to m e e t the
 1 42 G H OS TS OF I S RAE L AN D E D OM

ma n he ha d outra g e d rm e d me n a n d to h i m
an d hi s a ,

s a ys I h a ve a ppe a re d b e fore th e e a s though I ha d a p

‘
,

p e a r e d b e for e God th a t thou might ,e s t b e fa voura bl e to

me Th e proud D uk e i s d i s a rm e d The broth e rs e m

.
’
.

bra ce a n d w e e p toge the r The chi e fta i n d e clin e s th e .

pre s e nts a n d i s only induce d to a cce pt th e m a s proo f o f

,

hi s forgiv e n e ss Th e Tra d e s m a n l e a rn s fo r a ll tim e th a t

.

h i s m e re cl e ve rn e s s ma y bring a d e mon to his s id e i n

the nig ht a n d th a t h e n e ve r m a d e s o good a ba rga i n a s
,

w h e n h e ha s re s tore d ill gott e n g a in s Th e a ri s toc r a t

‘

-
.

a n d w a rrior re turn s to his mounta in a w a re n o w th a t ,

m a gn a nimity a n d coura ge a r e not impo ss ibl e to qui e t

me n living by m e rcha ndi s e The hunting ground mu s t .
-

m a k e w a y n o w fo r the ca ttle bre e d e r The s w ord mu s t -

.

y i e ld b e for e t h e b a l a nc e s .

W h a t e ve r ma y h a ve b e e n the tribe s w hich in primitive

tim e s ha d th e s e e ncount e rs a n d ta ught e a ch oth e r thi s ,

l e ss on th e y w e re long s ince re concil e d But the gh o s ts

,
.

o f I s ra e l a n d E dom o f B a rt e r a n d Plu nd e r fought o n

, ,

through long triba l hi s tori e s I s ra e l re pre s e nte d by the .

a rch a ng e l M ich a e l a n d E dom by dra gon Sa m a el w a g e d

, ,

th e ir w a r On e cha ra cte ri s tic o f the oppos ing po w e r h a s

.

b e e n a lre a dy con s id e re d Sa m a e l e mbodi e d E do m a s the

.

g e niu s o f Stri fe H e w a s the e s p e ci a l A cc u s e r o f I s ra e l

.
,

th e ir Antichri s t s o to s a y a s M ich a e l w a s th e ir A dvoca te

, , .

But the n a m e E dom its e lf w a s re ta in e d a s a kind o f

‘ ’

p e rs onifica tion o f the b a rba ric milit a ry a n d lordly D e vil .

The high w a ym a n in e p a ul e tt e s the h e roic Spoil e r w ith , ,

h is h a iry h a nd w hich I s ra e l its e l f h a d imita t e d m a ny a

tim e in i ts glove s w e re s umm e d up a s E dom, .
’

Thi s p e rs oni fica tion is the more importa nt s inc e it ha s

ch a ra cte ri se d the more s e riou s id e a o f Sa ta n w hich pre va il s
in the w orld H e i s m a inly a mora l conc e ption a n d m e a ns
. ,

th e prid e a n d pomp o f the w orld i ts n a tura l w ildn e ss a n d ,

 PA GA N WARRI OR S OF E UR OPE . 1 43

fe r oci ti e s, glory o f th e m The M u s s ul a n fa bl e

an d the . m
r e l a t e s th a t w h e n A ll a h cre a t e d ma n a n d pl a ce d him in a ,

g a rd e n he c a ll e d a ll the a ng e l s to w ors hip this cro w ning

,

w o rk o f hi s h a n d s Iblis a lon e re fu s e d to w ors hip Ad a m

. .

Th e v e ry id e a o f a g a rd e n i s h a t e ful to th e s pirit o f N o
ma d is m 1
M a n the ga rd e n e r re c e ive s no re ve re nce fro m
.

th e proud l e a d e r o f the Se ra phim God sa id unto h i m .

I bli s ) W h a t hind e r e d th e e from w ors hipping A d a m s inc e

( , ,

I comm a nd e d th e e ? He a n s w e re d I a m more e xce ll e nt

. ,

th a n he : thou h a s t cre a t e d me o f (e th e re a l) fir e a n d h a s t ,

cre a t e d him o f cl a y ( bl a ck mud ) God s a id Ge t t he e .

,

d ow n th e re fore from p a ra dis e fo r i t i s n o t fit th a t thou ,

b e h a ve thys e l f proudly th e re in ’
.

Th e e a rn e s t n e s s a n d s e l f d e votion o f th e no rth e rn pa ga n s-

i n th e ir re s i s ta nce to Chri s ti a nity impre ss e d the fin e s t

m ind s in the Chu rch pro foundly Som e o f the Fa th e rs .

e v e n quot e d th e e nthu s i a s m o f tho s e w hom th e y re g a rd e d

a s d e vot e e s o f th e D e vil to s h a m e th e a p a th y o f chri s ti a n s

, .

Th e Church could s ho w no m a rtyr bra ve r th a n R a nd do w n ,

w ho s e thro a t St Ol a f m a d e a vip e r cr e ep w hich gn a w e d

.
,

through h i s s id e ; a n d Ra nd w a s a n e x a mpl e o f thou s a nd s .

Thi s ga ve m a ny o f the e a rly chri s ti a n s o f the north a ve ry

s e riou s vi e w o f th e r e a lm o f Sa t a n a n d o f Sa ta n him s e l f a s ,

a gre a t pote nt a t e It w a s incre a s e d by th e ir di s cove ry

.

— '
—
tha t the pa g a n kings Sa t a n s s ubj e cts ha d mora l cod e s
a n d la w courts a n d e n e rg e tic a lly m a int a in e d ju s tic e
-
, In .

thi s w a y the re gre w up a more dignifi e d id e a o f H e ll Th e .

1 The c o n te st be tw e en the a gr i cu ltu r is t a n d the ( no ma d ic ) she p he r d is

ex pr e ssed i n the lege n d tha t Ca i n a n d A be l d i v i d e d the w o r ld be tw ee n th e m,
the on e ta k in g po sse ss io n o f the mo v a ble a n d t he o the r o f the i mmo v a ble

p p
re e r ty. Ca in sa id to his br o the r , ‘
The e a r th o n w hi ch tho u s ta n d e s t i s

min e, the n be t k a e thyse lf to the a ir bu t Abe l r e pli e d ,

‘
The ga r me n ts w hic h

tho u w e a r e s t a r e min e , ta ke the m

1
Sa le
’
s K o ra n , v ii . Al Ar a f . I bli s , the M ussu lma n na me fo r the D e v il, is

bly a ofthe w o r U za bo
’

b co r ru p ti o n
pr o a .
1 44 H I E R AR CH Y OF H E LL .

grot e s qu e imp s re ce d e d be fore th e a rra y o f m a j e s tic d e v i ls .

like Sa t a n a n d B e e lz e bub ; a n d th e s e w e re inve s te d w ith a

c e rt a in gra nd e ur a n d ba rba ric pride Th e y w e re re ga r d e d
.

a s riv a l mon a rch s w h o h a d re fu s e d to s ubmit th e m s e lv e s

to J e hova h but th e y w e re d e e m e d w orthy o f h e roic tre a t

,

m e nt The tra c e s o f th is s e ntim e nt found in the a nci e n t

.

fre s co e s o f R u s s i a a r e o f e s p e ci a l import a nc e N othin g .

c a n e xc e e d th e gra nd e ur o f the H i e ra rchy o f H e ll a s th e y

Fig L .
—t a a cuv or Ha u .
( Ru ss ia n , Si x te e n th Ce n tu r y ) .

a pp e a r in s om e o f th e s e s up e rb picture s Sa t a n i s ge n e .

ra lly d e picte d w ith s i mil a r di gnity to th e king o f h e a ve n ,

from w ho m h e i s divid e d by a w a ll s d e pth s om e tim e s

’

e ve n re se mbling h i m in a ll but compl e xion a n d h a ir

( w hich i s fi r e on Sa t a n) T h
. e re a r e fre q u e nt in s t a nc e s a s ,

i n the a ccom p a n y ing figure w h e re in c a re ful co r re s

,
 H I S TOR I C H A N D S OF E SA U . 1 45

p o n de n c e ith the a ttitud e o f Chri s t on the Fa th e r s kn e e s

w
’
,

S a t a n s uppor ts the b e tra y e r o f Chri s t Be s id e the king o f .

H e ll s e a te d in i ts M outh a r e p e rs on a ge s o f dis tinction

, , ,

s om e proba bly re pre s e nting tho se poe ts a n d s a ge s o f

G re e c e a n d R om e the pro s p e ct o f w hos e d a mn a tion fill e d
,

s om e o f th e firs t chri s ti a n F a th e rs w ith s uch d e light .

I n Spa in w h e n a Bi s hop i s a bout to ba ptiz e o n e o f the

,

E urop e a n D u ke s o f the D e vil he a s k s a t the font w h a t ,

h a s be com e o h is a nc e s tors
f n a ming th e m — a ll h e a th e n
, .

‘
T h e y a r e a ll in h e ll re pli e s the Bi s hop Th e n th e re .
‘

w ill I follo w th e m re turn s th e Chi e f a n d th e re a fte r by no

’
, ,

p e rs u a s ion c a n he be induc e d to fa re othe rw i s e th a n to

H e ll . Gra du a lly the Church m a d e up i ts mind to a lly
its e l f w ith this obs tin a te b a rba ric prid e a n d a mbit ion I t .

w a s w illing to giv e up a nything w h a t e v e r fo r a kingdom

o f thi s w orld a n d to w or s hip a n y numb e r o f Princ e s o f

,

D a rkn e s s i f th e y w ould giv e unto th e Bi s hop s s u ch king

,

dom s a n d the glory o f th e m Th e y induc e d E s a u to be

, .

ba ptiz e d by promi se o f th e ir a i d in h is oppre s s ion s a n d ,

fre e indulge nc e s to a ll hi s p a ss ion s ; a n d th e n by h i s h e lp , ,

th e y w e re a bl e to la y b e fore w e a k e r E s a u s the chri s tia n

a lt e rn a tiv e s — Be b a ptiz e d or burnt !
N o tto h a ve know n h o w to conqu e r in bloodl e ss victori e s
the b a rb a ric E sa u s o f the w orld by a, virtu e mor e pure a ,

h e roi s m more p a ti e nt th a n th e irs a n d w ith th a t s w e e t

, ,
‘

re a s on a bl e n e s s o f Chri s t w hich i s the l a te s t e pit a ph o n

,
’

hi s tomb a mong the ric h ; not to h a ve re cogni s e d the tr u e

n obility o f th e D uk e s a n d purifi e d th e ir prid e to s e l f
,

re v e re nce th e ir p a s s ion to mora l coura ge th e ir d a ring a n d

, ,

fre e do m to a s e l f re li a nc e a t once g e ntl e a n d m a nly ; thi s

-

w a s no doubt th e n e c e s s a ry fa ilure o f a dogm a tic a n d

i rra tion a l s y s t e m But it i s this w hich ha s mad e the

.

chri s ti a n I s ra e l more o f a n impo s tor th a n i ts pro totyp e ,

in e ve ry country to w hich it ca m e ste a dily d e ve lop ing

V OL I I . . K
 H I S TOR I C H A A D S OF E SA U
'

1 46 .

to a hy ti ca l im i ta to r o f th e E s a u
p o cr i

i t sto l e by ba pti s m I t s p e e dily lo s t

.

b u t n e v e r hi s s w o r d w h ich h ow e v e r i t c o n tr i v e d to ma ke
,

a t once me a n e r a n d mo r e c ru e l b y tw i s ti n g i t i n to th u mb

s c r e w s a n d th e l i k e For ma n y c e n tu ri e s i ts v o ic e ha s
.

b e e n i n a th i n phon o gr a phi c w a y th e v o ic e o f J e s u s bu t
, , ,

th e h a n d s a r e th e ha n d s o f E sa u w i th Sa ma é l s cla w
’

a dded .
 C H A PTE R X I V .

JOB AN D THE D I VI D E R .

- —
H e br e w P o lythe i s m Pr o ble m o f E v il J o b s di s be li e f i n a fu tu r e li fe
’

— The D iv i d e r s r e a lm— Sa lte d Sa c r ifi c e s—The o r y o f O r th o d o x y

’

—J o b s r ea s o n i n g— H i s hu mo u r — I mpa r ti a li ty o f F o r tu n e be tw e e n
’

h
t e e v il a n d go o d — A gn o s ti c i s m o f Jo b— E li h u s e c le c ti c i sm
’

Je ho v a h o f th e W hi r lw i n d — H e r e s i e s of J —
obR a bb i n i ca l le ge n d
o f Jo b—U n i v e r s a li ty o f th e le ge n d .

I SRAE L i s a fl o u r i shi n g v i n e ,

W hi c h br i n ge th fo r th fru i t to i ts e lf
Ac c o r d i n g i n c r e a s e o f hi s fr u i t
to th e
He h a th mu lti pli e d h i s a lta r s ;
Ac c o r d i n g to th e go o d n e s s o f h i s la n d
H e ha th ma d e go o d ly i ma ge s .

The ir h e a r t i s d i v id e d n o w s h a ll the y be fo u n d gu ilty

He w i ll br e a k d o w n th e i r a lta r s , he w i ll s po il th e i r i ma ge s .

Th e s e ord s o f the proph e t H o s e a (x I 2 ) fore s ha dow

w .
,

th e d e vil w hich the d e vout J a hvi s t s a w grow ing s t e a dily

to e normou s s tre ngth through a ll the hi s to r y o f I s ra e l .

Th e g e rm o f thi s e n e my ma y be found in our ch a pte r on

Fa te ; o n e o f i ts e a rli e s t d e ve lopm e nts i s indica te d in th e
a ccount a lr e a dy give n o f th e p a rtition b e t w e e n Ja cob a n d

E s a u a n d the s u p e rs tition to w hich th a t le d o f a gho s tly

,

A nta goni s t to w hom a s h a re h a d b e e n irre ve rs ibly pl e dge d

, .

From the principl e thu s a dopt e d th e re gre w a hos t o f ,

d e mon s w hom it w a s b e li e ve d n e ce s s a ry to propiti a te by

o ffe ring th e m the ir s h a re A divid e d unive rs e ha d fo r i ts
.

counte rp a rt a divid e d loy a lty in th e h e a rt o f the pe opl e .

Th e grow th o f a b e li e f in th e s upre m a cy o f o n e God w a s

fa r from b e ing a re a l monoth e i s m a s a m a tt e r o f fa ct no
1 48 TH E PR OBL E M OF E VI L .

primitive ra ce ha s b e e n monoth e i s tic In 2 K ings x v n

. .

i t i s s t a t e d a s a b e li e f o f the J e w s th a t s om e A ss yri a ns
w ho h a d b e e n im port e d into th e ir t e r ritory ( Sa m a ri a ) w e re

s l a in by lion s b e ca u s e th e y kn e w not th e m a n n e r o f th e

G o d o f the l a nd Spinoz a notice d the indica tion s give n

’
.

i n thi s a n d oth e r n a rra tiv e s th a t the J e w s b e li e ve d th a t

god s w ho s e w orship w a s intol e ra bl e w ithin th e ir o w n
bo u nda ri e s w e re y e t a d a pte d to oth e r re gions ( Tra cta
tus ,
W ith thi s s ta t e o f mind it i s not w ond e rfu l tha t
w h e n th e J e w s found th e m s e lve s in tho s e a li e n re gion s

th e y a p pre h e nd e d th a t the god s o f thos e countri e s migh t

a l s o e mploy lion s on s uch a s kn e w n o t th e ir m a nn e r bu t ,

a dh e r e d to th e w ors hip o f J e hova h too e xclu s ive ly .

A mong th e J e w s gre w up a more s piritu a l cl a s s o f minds ,

w hos e fe e ling to w a rd s th e mo n gre l w ors hip a round th e m

w a s th a t o f a bhorre n ce ; but th e s e ha d a v e r y di ffi cult c a u s e

to m a inta in The popula r s up e rstitions w e re firmly roote d

.

in the fa ct tha t te rribl e e vil s a ffl icte d m a nkind a n d in the

,

furth e r fa ct tha t th e s e did not s p a re the mos t piou s N a y it .

,

h a d fo r a long tim e be e n a gro w ing b e li e f th a t the bounti e s

a n d a ffliction s o f n a ture in s t e a d o f follo w ing the dire ction
,

promi s e d by the pa tri a rch s ,

— re w a rdi n g the piou s p u nis h
,

i n g the w ick e d ,
— w e re di s tribut e d in a re ve rs e w a y D ive s.

a n d La z a ru s s e e m e d to h a v e th e ir r e s p e ctive lots be fore

a n y future p a ra di s e w a s d vi d
e s e fo r th ir e qu a lis tion a s
e a —
ind e e d i s n a tura l s ince D ive s a tte nd s to hi s bus in e s s w hil e
, ,

L a z a ru s i s inve s ting h is po w e rs in A bra h a m s bos om Out

’
.

o f thi s e xp e ri e nc e th e r e c a m e a t l a s t th e de m a nd fo r a li fe

b e yond the gra ve w ithout w hos e re dre ss the piou s b e ga n

,

to d e e m th e m s e lve s o f a ll me n the mos t mis e ra bl e Bu t .

b e fore thi s h e a v e nly future b e ca m e a m a tt e r o f common

b e li e f th e re w e re th e ori e s w hich pre pa re d th e w a y fo r it
, .

It w a s h e ld by the d e vout th a t the e vil s w hich a fli ic te d the

righte ou s w e re J e hova h s t e s ts o f th e ir loy a lty to him a n d
’

,
 j OB S D I SE E L I E F I N A F UTUR E L I F E
’
. 1 49

th a t in th e e n d s uch tri a l s w ou ld be re p a id A n d w h e n .

o bs e rv a tion follo w ing th e th e ory s how e d th a t th e y w e re

, ,

not s o r e pa id it w a s s a i d the right e ou s n e s s ha d b e e n

,

unre a l the d e vot e e w a s puni s h e d fo r hidd e n w ick e dn e ss

, .

W h e n contin u e d obs e rva tion ha d prove d th a t thi s th e ory

too w a s fa l s e a n d tha t pi e ty w a s not p a id in e xte rn a l
,

bounti e s e ith e r to the good ma n or hi s fa mily the s olution

, ,

o f a future se ttl e m e nt w a s a rrive d a t .

T hi s s impl e proce s s ma y be tra ce d i n va riou s ra ce s a n d ,

in i ts s e ve ra l pha s e s .

The mos t i mpre s s ive pre s e nt a tion o f the e xp e ri e nce s

u nd e r w hic h th e primitive s e cul a r th e ory o f re w a rd s a n d

puni s hm e nts pe ri s h e d a n d tha t o f a n a dju s tm e nt b e yond

,

th e gra ve a ros e i s found in th e Book o f Job

,
The s olu .

—
tion h e re re a ch e d a future re w a rd in thi s li fe is a n —
imposs ibl e o n e fo r a nything more th a n a n e xce ption a l
c a se But the Book o f Job di s pl a ys ho w b e a uti ful s uch
.

a n in s t a nc e w ould be Show ing a fll i c ti o n s to be t e mpora ry

,

a n d d e s tin e d to b e follo w e d by comp e n s a tion s l a rge ly

outw e ighing th e m It w a s a tre me ndou s s ta te m e nt o f
.

th e qu e s tion — I f a ma n d i e s h a ll he live a g a i n ? J e hova h

,

a n s w e re d Y e s out o f the w hirl w ind a n d ra i s e d Job out

, ,

o f th e du s t But fo r the millions w h o n e ve r rose from

.

th e du s t th a t voic e w a s h e a rd a nnou n cing th e ir r e s u r r e c

tion from a tri a l th a t pre s s e d the m e ve n into the gra ve .

It i s re m a rk a bl e th a t Job s e xpre ss ion o f fa ith tha t hi s

’

V indic a tor w ould a pp e a r on e a rth s hould h a ve b e com e ,

th e o n e t e xt o f the Old Te s t a m e nt w hich h a s b e e n

a d a pt e d by chri s ti a n s to e xpre ss fa ith in immort a lity .

Job s trongly dis o w n s th a t fa ith .

The r e i s ho pe fo r a tr e e ,
I f it be c u t d o w n , th a t i t w i ll s pr o u t a ga i n ,

An d tha t i ts te n d e r br a n c he s w ill n o t fa il
Th o u gh i ts roo t ma y h a v e gr o w n o ld i n the h,
eart
1 5 0 SAL TE D SA CR I FI CE S .

An d th o u gh i ts tr u n k be d e a d u po n th e gr o u n d ,

At th e s c e n t o f w a te r i tw i ll bu d ,
An d p u t fo r th bo u ghs like, a y o u n gpla n t .

Bu t ma n d ie th an d i s go n e fo r ev er

Ye t I kn o w th a t my V i n di ca to r li v e th ,
An d w i ll s ta n d up a t le n gth o n th e e a r th
An d th o u gh w ith my s ki n th i s bo d y be w a s te d a w a y,
Ye t i n my fl e sh Sh a ll I se e God .

Ye a , I s h a ll s e e h i m my fr i e n d
M y e ye s sh a ll be h o ld h i m n o lo n ge r an a d v e rs a r y

F o r th i s my so u l p a n te th w i th i n me .
1

The c n e ry a n d d e ta ils o f thi s dra m a a r e s uch a s mu s t

s e

h a ve m a d e a n impre s s ion upon the mind o f the a nci e nt

J e w s b e yond w ha t is n o w pos s ibl e fo r a n y e xi sting p e opl e .

I n the firs t pl a c e th e loca lity w a s the l a nd o f U z w hic h

, ,

J e re mi a h ( L a m iv 2 1 ) point s out a s p a rt o f E dom the

. .
,

te rritory tra dition a lly rule d ove r by the gre a t invi s ibl e
A ccu se r o f I s ra e l w ho ha d s ucce e d e d to the portion o f
,

E s a u a dve rs a ry o f th e ir found e r J a cob

,
Job w a s w ithin , .

the p e rilou s bound s A n d y e t h e re w h e re s c a p e go a ts

.
,
-

w e re o fl e r e d to d e pre c a t e Sa m a el a n d w h e re in ord in a ry
'

s a crific e s s om e it e m e nt e re d fo r the d e vil s s ha re Job ’

,

re fu se d to p a y a n y honour to the Pow e r o f the Pl a ce .

H e o ffe re d burnt o ffe rings a lon e fo r him s e l f a n d his s on s

-

the s e be ing e xclu s ive ly give n to J e hova h 2

E ve n a ft e r .

hi s childre n a n d h is po ss e ss ion s w e re d e s troy e d by thi s

gre a t a dve rsa ry Job o ffe re d his sa crific e w ithout e ve n
,

omitting the s a lt w hich w a s the Ori e nt a l se a l o f a n,

inviol a bl e compa ct b e tw e e n tw o a n d w hich so e s p e cia lly ,

re c a lle d a n d cons e cra te d the cove n a nt w ith J e hova h 8

.

1
N o ye s Tra n sla ti o n 1
Eis e n me n ge r , E n td
’
.
J. ud. i 836
. .

1
Jo b. i
. 2 2 , the li te ra l re n d e r in g o f w h ic h i s, In a ll thi s J o b s in n e d not
,

m a ll ed
God This tra n s la ti o n I fir st he a r d fr o m D r A P Pe a
’
n or ga v e . . . .

bo d y, so me ti me Pr e sid e n t o f Ha rv a r d U n iv e rsi ty, fr o m w ho m I ha v e a n o te

in w hi c h he sa ys The w o rd w hi c h I ha v e r e n d e r e d ge m i s a ppro pr i a te to
a sa cr i fice The w o rd I ha v e r e n d e re d u n sa lted me a n s so li te ra lly ; a n d is i n
.
 TH E OR Y OF OR TH OD OX Y . 15 1

A mong h is tw e nty tho u s a nd a nim a l s Aza ze l s a nim a l ’

, ,

the go a t i s not e ve n n a m e d Job s di s tinction w a s a n ’

, .

a b s olut e a nd unpre c e d e nte d s ingl e n e ss o f loy a lty to

J e hova h .

Thi s loy a lty o f a di s cipl e e ve n in the e n e my s cou n try

’

i s m a d e th e s ubj e ct o f a s ort o f bo a s t by J e hova h w h e n

th e A ccu s e r e nt e rs Pos tponing fo r the mom e nt co u s i
.

d e ra tion o f th e cha ra cte r a n d offic e o f thi s Sa ta n w e ma y ,

ob s e rve h e re tha t th e tri a l w hi ch h e ch a ll e nge s is m e re ly

a t e s t o f th e s inc e rity o f Job s a ll e gi a nc e to J e hova h ’
.

Th e A ccu se r cl a im s th a t it i s a ll give n fo r va lu e re c e ive d .

Th e se po ss e s s ion s a r e t a k e n a w a y .

Thi s i s but th e fra m e w ork a round the philo s ophica l

poe m in w hich a ll th e ori e s o f the w orld a r e p e rs onifie d in
gra nd council .

Firs t o f a ll Job ( the Troubl e d) a s k s —W hy ? Orthodoxy

a n s w e rs ( E liph z a s th e s o n o f E s a u ( Sa m a e l
a
. w ) a n d hi s ,

n a m e h e re m e a n s th a t he w a s the A ccu se r in di sgui s e .

He God s s tre ngth s ta nd s fo r the La w It a fli r ms th a t

,
’

,
’
.

God s w a ys a r e j u s t a n d con s e qu e ntly a fli i c ti o n s imply

’

pre viou s s i n ) E liph a z re p e a ts the qu e s tion put by the

.

A ccu s e r in h e a v e n W a s not thy fe a r o f God thy hop e ? ’

A n d he brings Job to the t e s t o f pra y e r in w hich h e h a s ,

s o long tru s t e d E liph a z re s ts on re v e l a tion h e h a s ha d

.

a vi s ion ; a n d i f hi s r e ve l a tion be not tru e h e ch a ll e n g e s ,

Job to di s prove it by c a lling on God to a n s w e r him or ,

e l s e s e curing the a dvoc a cy o f s om e o n e o f th e h e a v e nly

hos t E liph a z s a ys troubl e doe s not s pring out o f th e

.

du s t .

J ob v i 6 . ren d er e d u n sa v ory . I t ma y, an d so me ti mes d o e s, den o te fo lly, by a

me ta pho r bu t i n tha t se n se the w o rd ga v e—a n o fle r to r y w o r d

'

n o tun n a tura l
—is o ut o f pla c e W a lto n u s ( Bib Po lyg ) tra n sla te s n e c d ed i t in su lsu m
.
’
. .

r e n de r e d by ma lmm i t w o ul d ha v e be e n The
‘

Deo ha d he : e x a ct.

ho r r o r w i th w hi ch d e mo n s a hd de v i ls a re su ppo se d to r e ga r d sa lt i s n oti c e d,
i . 2 88 .
 j OB S R E A S ON I N G
‘
1 52 .

Job s re ply i s to ma n a n d God — Point o u t the e rror !

’

Gra nt my troubl e s a r e di v in e a rrow s w h a t h a ve I don e to ,

th e e O w a
,
tch r
e o f m e n A m I a s e a mon s t e r — and -

w e im a gin e Job looking a t h is w a s t e d limbs — th a t th e

A lmighty mu s t t a k e pre ca ution s a n d s e nd s pi e s a ga in s t

me ?
Th e n follo w s Bild a d the is the c o n te n Shuhit e —th a t ,
‘

tio u s o n e o f th e d e s ce nd a nts o f K e tura h (Abra ha m s

,
’ ’

concubi n e ) tra dition a lly s uppo s e d to be inimica l to the

,

l e gitim a te A bra h a mic lin e a n d a t a l a te r p e riod id e ntifie d ,

a s th e Turk s Bild a d w it h inve ctive ra the r th a n a rgu

.

m e nt ch a rge s th a t Job 3 childre n ha d b e e n s l a i n fo r th e ir

,

s in s , a n d oth e r w i se m a ke s a p e rs on a l a pplic a tion o f E li

p h a z s th ’
e ology .

Job d e cl a re s th a t s ince God i s s o p e rfe ct n o ma n by ,

s uch s t a n d a rd could be prove d ju s t ; th a t i f h e could

prove him s e l f j ust the a rgum e nt w ould be s e ttl e d by th e
,

s tronge r p a rty in h i s o w n fa vour a n d th e r e fore lib e ra t e d ,

from a ll t e mpt a tion to ju s ti fy him s e l f he a fli r ms th a t the ,

innoc e nt a n d the gu ilty a r e d e a lt w ith much in the sa m e

way . I f it i s a tri a l o f s tre ngth b e tw e e n God a n d him s e l f ,

h e yi e ld s I f it i s a m a tte r o f re a s oning le t th e t e rrors be

. ,

w ithdra w n a n d he w ill th e n be a bl e to a n s w e r c a lmly

, .

For the pre s e nt e ve n i f h e w e re righte ou s he d a re n o t li ft

, ,

up h is h e a d to s o a s s e rt w hil e the rod i s upon him , .

Zoph a r the impud e nt s p e a k s H e re too prob a bly is ’

.
, ,

a di s g u i s e : h e i s (s a y s th e L X X ) K ing o f th e M i n ae a n s .
,

th a t i s the N om a de s a n d his d e s ign a tion the N a a m

,

a th i te of
’

,
unkno w n s ignific a nce be a rs a s u s piciou s ,

re s e mbl a nc e to N a a m a h a mythologic w i fe o f Sa m a e l a n d
,

mothe r o f se ve ra l d e vil s Zoph a r i s cynica l H e l a ughs . .

a t Job fo r e v e n s ugg e s ti n g th e notion o f a n a rgum e nt

b e t w e e n him se l f a n d God w hos e w i s dom a n d w a ys a re ,

u n s e a rch a bl e H e (God) s e e s m a n s i n iquity e ve n w h e n

’
.
 j OB S H UM O UR
’
. 1 53

i t looks did not He i s d e e pe r th a n h e ll W ha t

as i f he . .

ca n a ma n do but pra y a n d a ckno w l e dg e h i s s in fuln e s s ?

But Job e ve n in his e xtre mity i s h e a lthy he a rte d e nough

, ,
-

to l a u gh too H e te ll s hi s thre e com forte rs tha t no doub t

.

W i s dom w ill d i e w ith th e m N e ve rth e l e s s he h a s h e a rd .

,

s imil a r re m a rk s b e fore a n d h e i s not pre p a r e d to r e nounc e

,

h i s con s ci e nc e a n d common s e n s e on s uch ground s -

An d .

n o w ind e e d Job ri s e s to a high e r s tra in

, ,
He ha s m a de .

u p h i s mind th a t a ft e r w h a t h a s com e upon him h e ca re s ,

n o t if more be a dd e d a n d ch a ll e nge s the unive rs e to n a m e

,

h is o ffe nce So long a s h i s tra n s gre s s io n i s Se a l e d up i n

.
‘

a ba g h e h a s a right to con s id e r it a n inve ntion

’
1
.
,

Te m a nit e O rthodoxy i s s hocke d a t a ll thi s E liph a z .

d e cl a re s tha t Job s a s s e rtion th a t i nnoc e nt a n d guilty s u ffe r

’

a lik e m a k e s th e fe a r o f God a va in thing a n d di s cou ra ge s ,

pra y e r W ith u s a r e the a g e d a n d hoa ry h e a d e d

.
‘
( Job -
.
’

i s a n e ologi s t ) E liph a z p a ints h u m a n n a ture in Ca lvini s tic

.

c olo u rs .

Be ho ld ( Go d ) pu tte th o tr u st i hi s min i ste ri n g s pir i ts

, n n
,

An d the he a v e n s a r e n o t pu r e i n hi s s i gh t ;
M u c h le s s a bo mi n a ble a n d po llu te d ma n ,
W h o d r i n ke th i n iqu ity a s w a te r !

Th e w se i
h a ve r e la t e d a n d th e y got it from the fa th e rs
,

to w hom the l a nd w a s give n a n d a mon g w hom no stra nge r ,

w a s a llo w e d to bring hi s s tra nge doctrin e s th a t a ffliction ,

is th e s ign a n d p u ni s hm e nt o f w ick e dn e ss .

Job m e re ly s a ys he ha s h e a rd e n ough o f thi s a n d find s ,

no w i s e ma n a mong the m H e a ckno w l e dge s th a t s uch .

re pro a ch e s a d d to his s o r row s H e w ould ra th e r con .

te nd w ith God tha n w ith th e m if h e could But he s e e s , .

a s light indic a tion o f di v in e fa vour i n the re m a rk a bl e -

u n w i s do m o f h i s re vil e rs a n d th e ir fa ilure to prove t he ir

,

point .

1
Ge se n ius so un de rs t
a n d s v e rs e 1 7 o f c ha
p . x iv .
1 54 PR O SPE RI T Y OF TH E WI CK E D .

Bild a d dra w s a pictu re o f w h a t he con s id e rs w o u ld be

the prop e r e nvironm e nt o f a w ic k e d ma n a n d it clos e ly ,

re s e mbl e s the s itu a tion o f Job .

But Job re mind s him th a t he Bild a d is not God It , , .

i s God th a t ha s brought him s o lo w but God h a s b e e n ,

s a ti s fi e d w ith h is fle s h H e h a s not y e t utte re d a n y c o m

.

pl a int a s to h is conduct ; a n d s o he Job b e li e ve s t ha t h is , ,

V i n dic a tor w ill y e t a pp e a r to con front his a ccu s e r s — th e

me n w h o a r e s o glib w he n h is a ffl ic to r i s s il e nt 1
.

Z oph a r h a rp s on th e old s tring Pre tty much a s s om e .

pre a ch e rs go on e ndl e ss ly w ith th e ir pict u re s o f the t e r rors

w hich h a unt e d the d e a thb e d s o f V olt a ire a n d P a in e a ll ,

th e more b e ca u s e n on e a r e pr e s e nt to r e l a t e th e fa cts .

Z oph a r re counts ho w me n w ho s e e m e d good but w e re not , ,

w e re ove rt a k e n by a s p s a n d vip e rs a n d fire s fro m h e a v e n .

But Job on the oth e r h a nd h a s a curiou s c a ta logu e o f

, ,

e x a mpl e s in w hich the notoriou s ly w ick e d h a v e liv e d i n

w e a lth a n d ga i e ty A n d i f it be s a id God p a ys s uch O H i n

.

th e ir childre n Job d e ni e s the j u s tic e o f th a t It i s the

, .

o ffe nd e r a n d not h is child w ho ought to fe e l it The

, , .

pro s p e rou s a n d the bitte r in s oul a like lie do w n i n th e

du s t a t la s t the goo d a n d the e vil a n d Job i s q u ite con
,

t e nt to a dmit th a t he do e s not und e rs ta nd it O n e thin g .

h e do e s und e rs t a nd Your e xpl a na tions a r e fa l s e ’

.

But E lipha z in s i sts on Job h a ving a dogm a I f the .

orthodox dogm a i s not tru e put s om e thing i n i ts pl a c e !

,

W hy a r e you a ffl icte d W ha t i s y o u r th e ory ? I s it b e c a u s e

God w a s a fra id o f your gre a tn e ss It mu s t be a s w e s a y ,

1 The mu c h mi sun d e r s to o d a n d mi str a n sla te d p a ssa ge , x i x 2 5 2 7 ( a lr e a dy .

-

te d ), is c e r ta i n ly r e fe ra ble to th e w id e Sp r e a d be li e f tha t a s a a in s t e a c h
g
qu o -

ma n the r e A ccu s i n g Spi r i t, so fo r e a c h the r e w a s a V in d i c a ti n g Sp i r i t

w as a n .

The se tw o sto o d r e s pe c ti v e ly o n the r i ght a n d le ft o f the ba la n c e s i n w hic h

the go o d a n d e v i l a c tio n s o f e a c h so u l w e r e w e ighe d a ga i n s t e a c h o the r , e a c h

try in g to ma ke hi s si de a s he a v y a s p o ss i ble . Bu t a s the a ccu sa ti o n s a ga i n st

h im a re ma d e by li v i n g me n , a n d on ea rth, Jo b is n o t p r e pa r e d to c o n s ide r
a c e les tia l a c qu i tta l be yo n d the gra v e a s a d e qu a te .
 [03 8 A GN OS TI CI SM 1 55

an d you h a ve be e n d e fra uding an d i n juring p e opl e in

se cre t .

J ob h a ving re pe a te d his a rd e nt d e s ire to m e e t God fa c e

,

to fa c e a s to hi s innoce nc e sa ys he c a n only conclud e tha t ,

w h a t b e fa ll s him a n d oth e rs i s w h a t i s a ppoint e d fo r ‘

th e m H is t e rror inde e d a ri s e s from th a t : the good a n d

.

th e e vil s e e m to b e di s trib u t e d w ithout re fe re nc e to hum a n

conduct H o w d a rkn e ss con s pire s w ith the a ssa s s in ! I f

.

God w e re only a ma n th ings might be d i fie re n t; but a s it

'

w h a t he d e s ir e th th a t he do e th w ho c a n tu rn
’
is ,
and ,

hi m
Bild a d fa ll s ba ck on his dogm a o f d e pra vity M a n i s a .

w orm re ptil e Job fi n d s th a t fo r a w orm Bild a d is

‘ ’ ’
a , .

ve ry fa mili a r w ith the divin e s e cr e ts I f ma n i s mora lly .

s o w e a k h e s hould be lo w ly in mi nd a l s o Go d by h is .

s pirit h a th g a rni s h e d th e h e a ve n s ; hi s h a nd form e d th e

crook e d s e rp e nt
Lo ! the s e a re bu t the bo r d e rs o f hi s w o r ks ;
Ho w fa i n t the w hi s pe r we ha v e h e a r d of h im
Bu t the thu n d e r of hi s po w e r w h o c a n u n d e rs ta n d ?

Job ta k e s u p the pos ition o f the a gnos tic a n d the thre e ,

Com fort e rs a r e s il e nc e d The a rgum e nt ha s e nd e d w h e re

’
.

i t h a d to e n d Job th e n pr oc e e d s w ith s ublim e e loqu e nce

. .

A ma n ma y los e a ll outw a rd thing s but no ma n or god ,

c a n m a k e hi m utt e r a li e or t a k e from him h i s int e grity

, ,

or hi s c o n s ciou s n e s s o f it Fri e nds ma y re proa ch him .

,

b u t h e c a n s e e th a t h is o w n h e a rt doe s n o t Th a t o n e .

s upe riority to the w ick e d h e c a n pre s e rve In re vi e w i n g .

h i s a rgu m e nts Job i s c a re ful to s a y th a t he do e s n o t ma in

t a in tha t good a n d e vil me n a r e on a n e qu a lity For o n e .

thing w h e n the w ick e d ma n i s in troubl e h e ca nnot find

,

re s ourc e in his innoc e nce Ca n h e d e light him s e lf in the

.

A l mighty ? W h e n s uch d i e th e ir w idow s do not b e w a il

’

th e m .M e n do not b e fri e nd oppre s s ors w h e n th e y com e

 6 E LI H U S E CLE CTI CI SM
’
1 5

to w a nt M e n hi s s th e m A n d w ith guilt in the ir h e a r t

. .

th e y fe e l th e ir s orrow s to be the a rro w s o f God se nt i n ,

a ng e r . In a ll the re a lm s o f n a ture the re fore a mid i ts , ,

pow e rs s pl e ndou rs a n d pre cio u s thi n gs ma n c a n not fin d

, , ,

the w i s dom w hich ra i s e s h i m a bove mi s fo r tun e bu t only ,

in h is in w a rd loya lty to th e high e s t a n d fre e do m fro m ,

mora l e vil .

Th e n e nte rs a fi fth ch a ra ct e r E lihu w hos e pla n i s to , ,

m e di a t e b e tw e e n the old dogm a a n d the n e w a gnos tic

philos ophy H e is Orthodoxy ra ti on a li s e d E lihu s n a m e
. .
’

i s s ugge s tive o f h is a mbiguity ; it se e m s to m e a n o n e w ho s e

Go d i s H e a n d h e com e s fro m the trib e o f Buz w h o s e
‘ ’
, ,

H e bre w m e a ning might a lmo s t be re pre se nte d in th a t

E ngli s h w ord w hich w ith a n a dd e d 3 w o u ld be s t conv e y
, ,

the w indin e ss o f hi s re m a rk s Buz w a s the s o n o f M i lka h .

,

the M oon a n d hi s d e s c e nd a nt s o c a m e fa irly by hi s th e o

,

logic moon s hin e o f the kind w hich Ca rlyl e ha s so w e ll

‘ ’

d e s cribe d in hi s a ccou n t o f Col e ridge a n c a s ui s t ry E lih u .

m e a n s to be fa ir to both s id e s ! E lihu se e s s om e truth i n

both s id e s ! E cl e ctic E lih u ! Job is pe rfe ctly right in
thinking he ha d not don e a nything to m e rit h is s u ffe rings ,

but he did not know w ha t s n a re s w e re a round him a n d ,

h o w h e might h a ve don e s om e thing w icke d but fo r h is

a fli i c ti o n M ore ove r God r u in s p e opl e n o w a n d the n ju s t
.
,

to s ho w ho w he c a n li ft th e m up a ga in Job o ught to h a v e .

ta k e n thi s fo r gra nt e d a n d th e n to h a ve e xpre sse d it i n ,

th e old a bj e ct phra s e ology sa ying I ha ve re c e ive d ch a s , ,

tis e me n t I w ill o fl e n d no more ! W h a t I s e e not t e a c h

'

thou me l (A truly E li hu i c or conte mptible a n s w e r to

’ ’

Job s s e n s ibl e w ord s W hy is light give n to a ma n w hos e

’

,
‘

w a y i s hid ? W hy a dmini s t e r the rod w hich e nlight e n s

’

a s to the a ng e r but not i ts c a u s e or a s to the w a y o f ,

a m e nd ? ) I n fa ct th e c a s ui s tic E lihu c a s ts no light w h a t

e ve r o u the s itu a tion He s imply ove rw h e lm s h i m w i th

.
 H E RE SI E S OF j OE . 157

me ta phors a n d ge n e ra liti e s a bout

divin e j u stic e a n d
the

me r c y , m e a n t to hid e this n e w a n d d a ng e rou s s olution

w hich Jo b h a d di s cov e r d e — n a m e ly th a t th e old dogm a tic

,

th e ori e s o f e vil w e re prove d fa ls e by e x p e ri e nc e a n d th a t ,

a good ma n a mid s orro w s hould a dmit h i s ignora nc e but ,

n e ve r a llo w t e rror to w ring from him th e v oic e o f guilt ,

n o r the a tte mpt to propiti a te d ivin e w ra th .

W h e n J e hova h a ppe a rs o n the s c e n e a ns w e ring Job out ,

o f th e w hirl w ind the ton e i s o n e o f w ra th but th e w hol e

, ,

u tt e r a nc e i s m e r e ly a n a mplifica tion o f w h a t Job h a d s a id

—w ha t w e s e e a n d s u fl e r a r e but fringe s o f a W hol e w e

'

c a nnot u nd e r s ta nd The m a gnific e nce a n d w ond e r o f the

.

u nive rs e c e l e bra t e d in th a t voic e o f th e w hirl w ind h a d to

be give n th e l a m e a n d impot e nt conclu s ion o f Job a bhor

r ing him se l f a n d re pe nting in du s t a n d a s h e s The con
’ ‘ ’

, .

v e n ti o n a l Ce rb e ru s mu s t h a v e h i s s o p But non e the l e s s

.

do e s the gre a t h e a rt o f thi s poe m re ve a l the s oul tha t w a s

n o t s h a k e n or divid e d in pro s p e rity or a dv e r s ity Th e .

bur n t o ffe ring o f hi s pros p e rou s d a ys symbol o f a w ors hip

-

w h i ch re fu s e d to includ e th e s uppos e d po w e rs o f mi s chi e f ,

w a s e njoin e d on Job s Com fort e rs Th e y mu s t be nd to

’
.

h i m a s n e a re r G o d th a n th e y A n d in h is high philos ophy

.

Job found w h a t i s s ymboli s e d in the thre e d a ughte rs born

to him : J e mim a (the D ove the voic e o f the re turning ,

S pring) ; K e zi a (Ca ss i a th e s w e e t i n c e n s e ) ; K e re nh a ppuch

,

h e horn o f b e a uti ful colour or d e cora tion )

( t , .

From the J e w i s h point o f vi e w thi s triumph o f Job

r e pre s e n t e d a tre m e ndou s h e r e s y Th e id e a th a t a ffliction s
.

could b e fa ll a ma n w ithou t a n y re fe re nce to h is conduct ,

a n d con se qu e ntly not to b e influ e nc e d by th e norm a l rit e s

a n d s a crifice s i s o n e fa t a l to a pri e s thood

, I f e vil ma y be .

re fe rr e d i n o n e ca s e to w h a t i s going on fa r a w a y a mong
god s in obs curiti e s o f the unive rs e a n d to s om e purpo s e,

b e yond the ke n o f a ll sa ge s it ma y s o be re fe rre d in a ll

,

c a se s
, a n d tho u gh burnt o fl e r i n gs ma y be r e s ort e d to
-
 '
1 58 U N I I E R SAL I T Y OF TH E LE G E N D .

form a lly, th e y mu s t c e a se w he n the ir pow e rle s s n e ss i s

prove d H e nc e the R a bbin s ha ve ta k e n the s id e o f Job s
.
’

Com forte rs . Th e y inve n te d a l e ge nd th a t Job ha d b e e n

a gre a t m a gici a n in E gypt a n d w a s o n e o f tho s e w ho se
,

s orc e ri e s s o long pre ve nt e d th e e s c a p e o f I s ra e l He w a s .

conve rte d a fte rw a rds but it i s hint e d th a t h is e a rly w icke d

,

n e ss re qu ire d the re tribution he s u ffe re d H is na me w a s .

to th e m the troubl e r troubl e d .

H e re tica l a l s o w a s th e th e ory th a t ma n could ge t a long

w ithout a n y A ng e lol a t r y or D e mon w o rs hip Job in his
-
.

s ingl e n e s s o f s e rvic e fe a rin g God a lon e d e fying the

, ,

Se ra phim a n d Ch e rubim from Sa m a e l do w n to do th e ir

'

w ors t w a s a p e rilou s figure

, The p r i e s ts got no p a rt
.

o f a n y burnt o ffe ring

-
The s i n o ffe ring w a s o f a lmo s t
.
-

s umptu a ry import a nc e H e nce the ra bbinic a l th e o r y

. ,

a lre a dy n otic e d tha t it w a s through n e gl e ct o f the se

,

e xpi a tion s to the God o f Si n th a t th e mora lly s potle ss

Job c a m e und e r the pow e r o f h is pl a gu e s .

But fo r pre ci s e ly the s a m e re a so n s the s tory o f Jo b

‘

b e ca m e re pre s e nta tive to the more Spiritu a l cla ss o f mind s

o f a g e nuin e a s contra s te d w ith a nomin a l monoth e i s m ,

a n d th e pi e ty o f th e pure th e undivid e d h e a r t
, I ts m e a n .

ing i s s o hum a n th a t it i s not n e ce s s a ry to dis cu ss the

qu e s tion o f its conn e ction w ith th e s to r y o f H a r iSc ha n
d r a or w h e th e r i ts a cc e nt w a s ca ught from or by the
,

l e ge nd s o f Zoro a s te r a n d o f Buddh a w ho p a s s e d u n ,

s ca th e d through th e ord e a l s o f A hrim a n a n d M a ra It .

w a s r e p e a t e d in the e ncount e rs o f th e in fa nt Chri s t w ith

H e rod a n d o f th e a dult Chri s t w ith S a t a n

,
I t w as .

re pe a te d in the un s w e rving loya lty o f the p a ti e nt Gri se ld a

to h e r hu sb a nd It i s ind e e d the h e roic th e me o f m a ny
.

ra ce s a n d a ge s a n d it e ve ryw h e re points to a p e riod w h e n

,

the virtu e s o f e ndura nc e a n d p a ti e nc e ro s e up to m a tch

th e a goni e s w hich fe a r a n d w e a kn e ss h a d tri e d to p r o

i ti a te — w h e n ma n firs t l e a rn e d to s u ffe r a n d b e s tro n g
p , .
 C H A PTE R XV .

SATA N .

— —
P u bli c Pr o s e c u to rs Sa ta n a s Ac c u se r E n gli s h D e v il w o r s h ippe r
-

—
Co n v e r s i o n by Te r r o r Sa a n in he O d Tes ta
t t l m e n —
t Th e tr i a l
of J os h u a — d
Se n e r o f P la gu e s — Sa ta n a n d Se r pe n t— P o r tr a i t o f
Sa ta n — Sc a pe go a t o f Chr i s te n d o m—C a th o li c Sight o f H e ll
Th e a lly o f P r i e s th o o d s
.

TH E RE i s nothi n g a bout the Sa ta n o f the Book o f Job

to indic a t e him a s a di a bolica l ch a ra ct e r H e a pp e a rs a s
.

a r e s p e ct a bl e a n d pow e rful p e rs on a g e a mong th e s on s o f

God w ho pre s e nt the m s e lve s b e fore J e hova h a n d his o fli c e ,

i s th a t o f a public pro s e cu tor H e go e s to a n d fr o i n th e

.

e a rth a tt e ndi n g to h is duti e s H e ha s r e ce ive d c e rtific a t e s

.

o f ch a ra ct e r from A Schult e n s
. H e rd e r E ichorn D a th e
, , , ,

Ilge n w ho propos e d a n e w w ord fo r Sa ta n in the pro

,

logu e o f Job w hich w ould m a k e him a fa ith ful but too

,

s u Sp i c i o u s s e rva nt o f God .

Such ind e e d h e w a s d e e m e d origin a lly ; but it i s e a s y to

s e e h o w th e d e gra d a tion o f s uch a figure mu s t h a ve b e gun .

T h e re i s o ft e n a cl a mour in E ngl a nd fo r the cre a tion o f

Public Pr os e cutors y e t no do u bt th e re i s good ground fo r
th e h e s it a tion w hich i ts judici a l h e a d s fe e l in a dvi s ing s uc h
a s te p . The e xp e ri e nce o f countri e s in w hich Pro s e cuting
A ttorn e y s e xi s t i s not s uch a s to prov e the in s titution
o n e o f unm i x e d a dva nt a g e It i s not in huma n n a ture
.

fo r a n o ffi c i a l p e rs on n o t to m a k e the mos t o f the duty

 1 60 TH E A CC USE R .

intru s te d to him a n d the te nd e n c y i s to ra i se the int e re s t

,

h e s p e ci a lly re pre s e nts a bove th a t o f j u s tic e its e l f A .

d e fe a te d p r os e cutor fe e l s a c e rt a i n s tigm a upon hi s

re puta tion a s much a s a d e fe a te d a dvoca te a n d it i s ,

doubt fu l w h e th e r it be s a fe th a t the fa m e o f a n y ma n
s hould be in th e l e a s t id e ntifi e d w ith p e rs ona l s u cc e ss
w h e re j u s tic e i s trying to s trike a tr u e b a l a nce Th e .

re c e nt p e rform a nc e s o f c e rta in a ttorn e ys i n E ngl a nd

a n d A m e ric a r e t a in e d by Soci e ti e s fo r th e Suppre ss ion

o f V ic e s trikingly illu s tr a t e th e d a n g e rs h e re a llud e d to .

The n e c e ss ity th a t s uch sa l a ri e d s oc ia l d e t e ctive s s houl d

pe rpe tu a lly pa ra d e b e fore the community a s purifie rs o f
s oci e ty induc e s th e m to ge t up unre a l ca s e s w h e re re a l
o n e s c a nnot be e a s ily di s cove re d Thu s th e y b e come .

A ccu s e rs a n d from thi s it i s a n e a s y s te p to be come

,

Sl a nd e re rs ; n o r i s it a ve ry di fficult o n e w hich ma y m a ke
th e m in stiga tors o f the vic e s th e y pro fe ss to s uppre ss .

Th e firs t re pre s e nta tion s o f Sa ta n S ho w him holding i n

h is ha nd the s ca l e s but the l a tte r s ho w him trying s lyly
w ith h a nd or foot to pre s s do w n th a t s id e o f th e b a l a nc e

in w hich the e vil d e e d s o f a s oul a r e b e ing w e ighe d

a g a in s t the good W e n e e d not try to tra ck a r c hae o lo gi
.

c a lly this d e cle n s ion o f a Pro se cutor by incre a s ing a rdour ,

in h is o ffice through the s ta ge s o f A ccu se r A dve rs a ry

, , ,

E x e cution e r a n d at l a s t R iva l o f the l e gitim a te R ul e

, ,

a n d te mpt e r o f i ts s ubj e cts Th e proc e s s i s s impl e

.

and fa mili a r I h a ve b e fore me a littl e t w op e nny

.

book w hich i s s a id to h a ve a va s t circul a tion w h e re

1
, ,

o n e ma y tra c e th e w hol e m e nt a l e volution o f Sa ta n The .

a nci e nt D e vil w ors hippe r w ho ha s re a pp e a re d w ith s uch

-

pow e r in E ngl a nd te ll s u s tha t he w a s the r e pute d s o n

1
The K i n gd o m of He a v en Ta k e n by Pra ye r By W i lli a m Hu n ti n gto n ,
’
.

Thi s ti tle i s l i Sa v e d, o the r w ise o n e might

’
ex p a n e d to be S ‘
i n n er

un d e r sta n d the le tte r s to sign i fy a Surv i v i n g Syr i a n .

 E N GLI SH D E VI L WOR SH I P . 1 61

o f a fa rm e r, to s upport a w i fe a n d e l e ve n childre n
w ho ha d
o n from 73 to gs pe r w e e k a n d w h o s e nt him fo r a s hort
. .
,

tim e to s chool M y s choolmi s tre ss re prove d me fo r

.

s om e thing w rong t e lling me tha t God A lmighty took

,

n otice o f childre n s s in s Thi s stuck to my con s ci e nc e a

’
.

g r e a t w hil e ; a n d w h o thi s God A lmighty could b e I

c ould not conj e cture ; a n d h o w h e could kno w my s in s

w ithout a s k i ng my moth e r I could not conc e ive At .

tha t tim e th e re w a s a p e rs on n a m e d God fre y a n e xci s e ,

ma n in the tow n a ma n o f a s te rn a n d h a rd fa voure d

, ,
-

c ount e n a nce w hom I took notic e o f fo r h a ving a s tick

,

c ove re d w ith figure s a n d a n ink bottl e h a nging a t th e

,
-

b utton hol e o f his co a t

-
I im a gin e d th a t ma n to be
.

e mploye d by God A lmighty to t a k e notic e a n d k e e p a n

a ccount o f childre n s S in s ; a n d onc e I got into th e m a rk e t

’

h ou s e a n d w a tch e d him ve ry n a rro w ly a n d found th a t ,

h e w a s a l w a y s in a hurry by h i s w a lking so fa s t ; a n d I ,

thought he ha d n e e d to hur r y a s h e mu s t h a ve a d e a l ,

to do to find out a ll the s in s o f childre n ! Thi s t e rror

’

c a u se d the littl e H untington to sa y h is pra y e rs P u ni s h .

me nt fo r s i n I found w a s to be inflict e d a fte r d e a th ,

th e re fore I h a te d th e churchya rd a n d w ould tra Ve l a n y ,

d i s t a nce round ra th e r th a n dra g my g u ilty cons ci e nc e ove r

th a t e nch a nte d s pot
’
.

The child i s fa th e r to the ma n W h e n H untington .

,

S S gre w up it w a s to re cord fo r the thou s a nd s w ho

. .
, ,

l i s t e n e d to him a s a proph e t h is m a n y e ncount e rs w ith

th e d e vil The Sa t a n h e b e li e ve s in i s a n e x a ct count e r
.

p a rt o f the s t e rn h a rd fa vo u re d e xci se m a n w hom h e h a d

,
-

r e ga rd e d a s God s e mployé On o n e occa s ion he w rite s

'
.
,

Sa ta n b e g a n to t e mpt me viol e ntly th a t th e re w a s no God ,

b u t I re a s on e d a ga in s t the b e li e f o f th a t from my o w n
e x p e ri e nc e o f h i s dr e a d ful w ra th s a ying Ho w c a n I , ,

c r e dit thi s s ugg e s tion w h e n (God s) w ra th i s a lre a dy

’

YOL I I . . L
 1 62 CON VE R SI ON B Y TE R R OR .

re ve a l e d in my h e a rt a n d e ve ry c u rs e in his book le ve lle d

,

a t my h e a d h t m only vid nc God

’

( T h i f
’
. a s e e s s e e e o s e x i s

—
t e n ce his w ra th ! ) The D e vil a n s w e re d th a t the Bibl e
‘

w a s fa l s e a n d only w rot e by cunning me n to puzzl e a n d

,

d e c e iv e p e opl e Th e re i s no God s a id th e a dve rs a r y

‘ ’
.
, ,

‘
nor i s the Bibl e tru e I a sk e d . W ho the n ma d e
’
.
,
‘
, ,

the w orld ? H e r e pli e d I did a n d I m a d e me n to o

’ ‘ ’
, , .

Sa ta n p e rc e iving my ra t i on a lit y a l mo s t gon e follo w e d

me up w ith a noth e r Ex a m
m
, ,

Gla -

G o d I mu s t com e b a ck to h i s w ork a g a in e l se w h e n h e ,

h a d brought me to h e ll he w ould puni s h me mo r e th a n

a ll th e r e s t I cri e d out Oh w ha t w ill be com e o f me !
.
, ,

w h a t w ill b e com e o f me ! H e a n s w e r e d th a t th e re w a s
’

no e s c a p e but by pra ying to him ; a n d th a t he w ould

s ho w me s o m e l e ni ty w h e n h e to o k m e te h e ll
— — I w e nt -
:

a n d s a t in my tool hou s e h a lti n b e t w e e n tw o O p inion s

g ‘ 0

w h e th e r I s hould p e tition w h e th e r I s hould k e e p

p r a ying to Go d u n til I c o e ld a sc e r ta i n the con s e qu e nce s

,
.

W hil e I w a s thinking o f b e ndi n g my kn e e s to s uch a

c u rs e d be ing a s Sa ta n a n uncommon fe a r o f God Sprung
,

u p in my h e a rt to k e e p me from it
’
.

In o the r w o r d s M r H u n ti n gto n w a v e r e d b e tw e e n the

,
.
_
_

p e tition s Goo d Lo rd ! Go o d D e vil !

‘
The qu e s tio n
’

w h e th e r it w e re m o re mora l more hol w ors hip th e

y __ to , ,

o n e t ha n th e oth e r did n o t occur to him H e on ly con .

s id e rs w hich i s t —
he s tronge s t w hich could do h i m the
—
mo s t mi s chi e f w hich th e re fore to fe a r th e mo s t ; a n d
, ,

w h e n Sa ta n ha s a lmo s t convinc e d him i n h i s o w n fa vour

'

h e ch a nge s round to God W hy ? N o t b e ca u s e o f a n y

.

s u p e rior goodn e ss on God s p a rt H e s a ys A n u n c o m

’ ‘
. ,

mon fe a r o f God s pru n g up in my h e a rt The gre a t e r te rror .

’

w o n the d a y ; th a t i s to s a y o f tw o d e mon s h e yi e ld e d to
,
,

the s tronge r Such a n e xp e ri e nc e though t ha t o f o n e

.
,

livin g in our o w n ti me re pre s e nt s a ph a s e in the d e ve lop

,
 SA TAN I N TI I E OLD TE S TAM E N T: 1 63

me n t o re l a tio n b e t w e e n God a n d Sa t a n w hich w ould

f the
h a ve a pp e a re d primitive to a n A s s yri a n tw o thou sa nd
y e a rs a go The e thica l a nt a goni s m o f the tw o w a s th e n
.

much more cl e a rly fe lt But thi s bit o f cont e mpora ry .

s up e rs tition ma y b r ing b e for e u s the p e riod w h e n Sa t a n ,

from h a ving b e e n a N e m e s i s or R e tributive A ge nt o f th e

d ivin e la w ha d b e com e a m e re p e rs on a l riva l o f h is s up e rior
, .

Sa ta n a mong th e J e w s w a s a t firs t a ge n e ric t e rm fo r

, ,

a n a dve rsa r y lyi n g in w a it It i s prob a bly the fu rtive .

s ugge s tion a t th e root o f thi s H e bre w w ord w hich a id e d

i n i ts s e l e ction a s the n a m e fo r th e i n vi s ibl e a dv e rs e

p o w e rs w h e n th e y w e r e e s p e ci a lly di s tingui s h e d But .

o rigin a lly no s p e ci a l p e rs on a g e much l e ss a n y a nt a goni s t ,

o f J e hova h w a s s ignifi e d by th e w ord

, Thu s w e re a d .

A n d God s a ng e r w a s kindl e d b e ca u s e h e (B a l a a m) w e nt ;
’

a n d th e a ng e l o f th e L ord s tood in th e w a y fo r a Sa t an

a ga in s t h i m A n d the a s s s a w the a ng e l o f th e Lord

.

s ta nding in th e w a y a n d hi s s w ord dra w n in hi s h a nd

’
1
.

T he e ye s o f B a la a m a r e pre se n tly op e n e d a n d the a nge l ,

s a ys I w e nt out to be a Sa ta n to th e e be ca u s e the
‘
,

w a y is p e rs e b e fore me The Phili s t i n e s fe a r to .

’

ta k e D 1d w ith th e m to b a ttl e l e s t he s hould prove a

S a t a n to th e m th a t i s a n und e rh a nd e n e my or tra itor

, ,
11
.

D a vid ca ll e d tho s e w ho w i s h e d to put Shim e i to d e a th

S a ta n s ; but in thi s c a s e the e pith e t w ould h a ve b e e n
3

more a pplic a bl e to him s e l f fo r a ffe cting to prot e ct th e

h on e s t ma n fo r w hos e murd e r h e tre a ch e rou s ly pro
v ide d .
‘

Th a t
it w a s popu la rly u s e d fo r a dve rs a ry a s di stinct
from e vil a pp e a rs in Solomo n s w ord s Th e re i s n e ith e r
’ ‘
,

"
S a ta n nor e vil occu rre nt Y e t it i s in conn e ction w ith .

1
N um . x x n . 2 2. 1
1 Sa m . x x ix .
4.
1
2 Sa m . x ix . 2 2. 1
1 Ki n gs i i 9 . .

1
1 K in gs v. 4
.
1 64 S CO UR GE S OF G OD .

Solomon th a t w e ma y not e the e ntra nc e o f s om e o f th e

ma te ri a l s fo r the mythology w hich a ft e r w a rd s i n ve s t e d th e
n a m e o f Sa ta n It i s s a id th a t in a nge r a t hi s idol a tr i e s
. , ,

th e L ord s tirre d up a Sa t a n u nto Solomon H a d a d th e

‘
,

E domite : he w a s o f the king s s e o d in E dom Ha da d

’
1 ’ ’

.
,

th e Sh a rp bore a n a m e n e xt to th a t o f E s a u him s e l f fo r
’
,

the re dn e s s o f hi s w ra th a n d a s w e h a ve s e e n in a form e r
, ,

cha pte r E do m w a s to th e J e w s the la nd o f boge y s

,
‘
.
’

A noth e r Sa t a n w hom the L ord s tirre d u p w a s th e

‘ ’ ‘ ’
, ,

D e va s ta tor Prince R e zon fou nd e r o f th e kingdom o f

, ,

D a m a s cu s o f w hom it i s sa id h e w a s a S a t a n to I s ra e l
‘
, ,

a ll the d a ys o f S olomon
” 1
The hum a n ch a ra cte ri s tics o f
.

s uppo s e d Scourge s o f God e a s ily p a s s a w a y Th e n a me .

th a t b e com e s tra dition a lly a ss oci a te d w i th ca l a mitie s w ho se

a g e nts w e re s tirre d u p by th e A lmighty i s not a llo w e d
‘ ’

th e glo ry o f i ts d e s ol a tion s The w ord Sa ta n t w ice u s e d

’
.
,

i n thi s ch a pte r conce rning Solomon s fa ll prob a bly ga in e d

’
,

h e re a long s te p tow a rd s di s ti n ct p e rs onifica tion a s a n

e min e nt n a tion a l e n e my though th e re is no intim a tio n
,

o f a po w e r d a ring to oppo s e the w ill o f J e hova h No r .

,

ind e e d i s th e re a n y s uch i ntim a tion a nyw he re i n th e

,

‘
ca nonic a l books o f the Old Te s ta m e nt Th e w rite r o f
’
.

Psa lm cix impre ca ting fo r h is a dve rs a ri e s s a ys : Se t

.
, ,
‘

thou a w ick e d ma n ove r him ; a n d le t Sa t a n s t a nd a t his

right h a nd W h e n he s h a ll be j udge d le t him b e c o n
.
,

d e mn e d ; a n d le t h i s p ra y e r b e com e s in In thi s the re i s ’

.

a n indic a tion o f a S p e ci a l S a ta n but h e i s s uppo s e d to b e ,

a n a g e nt o f J e hova h I n the ca ta logu e o f th e cu r se s i n

.

v o k e d o f the L ord w e fi n d th e e vil s w hich w e re a ft e rw a rd s

,

s uppo se d to proc e e d only from S a ta n The only in s ta nc e .

in the Old Te s ta m e nt in w hic h th e re i s e ve n a fa int s u gge s

tion o f hos tility to w a rd s Sa ta n on the pa rt o f J e hova h i s
i n Z e cha ri a h H e re w e find the follo w ing re m a rk a bl e
.

1 Kin gs s i 1 4. 1
Ki n gs i 2 5.
1 . 1 x .
 TI I E TR I AL OF j OSI I UA . 1 65

w ord s : A n d he show e d me Jos hu a the high pri e st st a nd

i n g b e fore the a nge l o f J e hova h a n d the Sa ta n s ta n ding a t
,

h i s right h a n d to oppos e h i m A n d J e hova h s a id unto

.

S a ta n J e hova h re buk e th e e O Sa t a n ; e v e n J e hov a h th a t

, , ,

h a th chos e n J e ru s a l e m re buk e th e e : i s not thi s a bra nd

,

p luck e d out o f th e fi r e ? N o w Jo s hu a w a s cloth e d w ith

fi lthy ga rm e nt s a n d s tood b e fore the a ng e l
,
A n d he .

a n s w e re d a n d s p a k e to tho s e th a t s tood b e fore h i m s a y ,

i n g Ta k e a w a y th e filthy g a rm e nts from him

, An d .

to him he s a id L o , ,
I h a ve ca u s e d thin e iniquity to
s s fro m th e e a n d I w ill cloth e th e e w ith goodly
p a ,

r a im e nt
1 ’
.

H e re w e h a ve a ve ry fa ir s tudy a n d s k e tch o f th a t
j u dici a l tri a l o f the s oul fo r w hich m a inly th e dogm a o f a
re s urre ction a fte r d e a th w a s inve nte d Th e doctrine o f .

future re w a rd s a n d p u ni s hm e nts i s not o n e w hich a pri e s t

h ood w ould inve nt o r ca re fo r s o long a s th e y pos se s s e d
,

u nre s trict e d po w e r to a dmini s t e r s uch in thi s li fe It i s .

w h e n a n a li e n po w e r s t e p s i n to s u p e rs ed e the pri e s thood

the G a llio too i n d i fl e r e n t w h e th e r c e re mo n i a l l a w s a r e

'
-

c a rri e d out to p e rmit the full a pplica tion o f te rre stri a l

cru e lti e s—th a t th e pri e s t re quire s a tribun a l be yond the
g r a v e to e x e cut e h i s s e nt e nc e In thi s pictu re o f Z e ch a ri a h
.

w e h a ve thi s invi s ibl e Ce l e s ti a l Court The A ng e l o f .

J udgm e nt i s in h is s e a t The A n g e l o f A ccu sa tion i s p r e

.

s e nt to pros e cut e . A poor filthy w re tch a ppe a rs fo r tri a l .

W h a t a dvoca te c a n h e comm a nd ? W h e re i s M ich a e l ,

th e s pe ci a l a dvoc a t e o f I s ra e l ? H e doe s not re cogni s e o n e

o f hi s cli e nts in thi s poor Jo s hu a in hi s ra g s But 10 ! s u d .

d e n ly J e hova h him se l f a pp e a rs ; re prov e s his o w n com

m i ss ion e d A ccu se r ; d e cl a re s Jos hu a a bra nd pluck e d from
th e burning ( Toph e t) ; ord e rs a ch a ng e o f r a im e nt a n d , ,

condoning h is o ffe nce s ta ke s him into his o w n s e rvic e

, .

1
Ze ch i ii . .
 SE N D E R OF PLA G (I E S

Bu t in this th e re is nothi n g to s ho w ge ne ra l a nta go n is m

a ll

be tw e e n J e hova h a n d Sa ta n but th e re v e rs e ,
.

W h e n w e look i nto the Book o f Job w e find a Sa ta n

s u ffi ci e ntly d i fl e r e n t fro m a n y a n d a ll o f tho s e m e n ti on e d
'

u nd e r tha t n a m e i n oth e r p a rts o f th e Old Te s t a m e n t to

j us ti fy th e be li e f tha t he h a s be en m a inly a d a pt e d fro m

th e tra dition s o f oth e r r e gion s The pl a gu e s a n d a ffl ictio n s
.

w hich in P s a l m cix a r e invok e d from J e hova h e v e n w hil e

.
,

Sa ta n is m e ntion e d a s n e a r a r e in th e Book o f Job a s cri be d

,

to Sa ta n hims e l f J e hova h only p e rmits Sa ta n to inflic t

'

th e m w ith a provi s o a ga in s t tota l d e s truction Sa ta n is .

h e re n a m e d a s a p e rs ona lity i n a w a y not kno w n e ls e w h e re

in th e Old Te s ta m e nt unl e ss it be i n 1 Chro n xxi 1
,
. . ,

w h e re Sa t a n ( the a rticl e be ing in thi s s ingl e ca s e a bs e nt)

i s sa id to h a ve stood up a ga in s t I s ra e l a n d provok e d ,

D a vid to nu mb e r I s ra e l Bu t in thi s c a s e th e u ni formity

’
.

o f the p a s s a g e w ith th e oth e r s ( e xc e pting tho s e i n J ob) i s

pre s e rve d by the sa m e i n cid e nt be ing re cord e d i n 2 Sa m .

xxiv I The a ng e r o f J e hova h w a s kindl e d a g a in s t I s ra e l

.
, ,

a n d h e (J e hova h mov d D vid g i t th e m to s a y Go

) e a a a n s ,

n umb e r I s ra e l a n d Jud a h
’
.

It is cl e a r tha t in the Old Te s t a m e nt i t i s i n th e Book

, ,

o f Job a lon e th a t w e find Sa t a n a s th e po w e r fu l princ e o f

a n e mpire w hich i s di s tinc t fro m th a t o f J e hova h an ,

-

e mpir e o f t e mp e s t pl a gu e , a n d fire — though h e pre s e nts

, ,

him s e l f b e fore J e hova h a n d a w a its pe rmi ss ion to e xe rt

,

h is pow e r on a loy a l s ubj e ct o f J e hova h The form a lity .

o f a tri a l s o d e a r to th e Se mitic h e a rt i s omitt e d i n thi s

, ,

ca se A n d th e s e circum s t a nce s confirm the m a ny oth e r

.

fa cts w hich prove thi s dra m a to be l a rg e ly o f non Se mitic -

origi n It i s tol e ra bly cl e a r th a t the dra m a o f H a ris

.

c ha ndra in Indi a a n d th a t o f Job w e re both d e ve lo pe d

fro m th e Sa ns krit l e g e nd s m e ntion e d in o u r ch a pt e r o n
Vi s w ami tr a a n d it i s c e rta in th a t A r a n
y a nd Se m i ti c
 SA TAN A N D SE R PE N TI

e le m e nt s a re both re pre s e nte d in the figure o f Sa ta n a s he

h a s p a s s e d into the th e ology o f Chri s t e ndom .

N o r ind e e d h a s Sa ta n s inc e hi s import a tion i n to J e w i s h

l it e ra ture in thi s n e w a s p e ct much a s the R a bbin s h a ve
,

ma d e o f him e ve r b e e n a s s ign e d the sa m e ch a ra ct e r a mong

,

th a t p e opl e th a t ha s b e e n a s s ign e d hi m in Chri s te ndom .

H e ha s n e v e r re pl a ce d Sa m a e l a s the ir A r c hfie n d .

R a bbin s h a v e ind e e d i n l a t e r tim e s a s s oci a te d him w ith

, ,

th e Se rp e nt w hich s e d u ce d E v e in E d e n ; but the a bs e nce

o f a n y import a nt r e fe re nc e to tha t s tory in the N e w
T e s t a m e nt i s s ignific a nt o f the s light pl a c e it h a d in the
e w i s h mind lo n g a ft e r th e b e li e f in Sa t a n h a d b e com e
J
popul a r I n fa ct th a t e s s e nti a lly A ry a n myth littl e a c
.
,

c ord e d w ith th e id e a s o f s tri fe a n d immora lity w hich th e

J e w s h a d gr a du a lly a s s oci a t e d w ith S a m a e l I n th e .

n a rr a tive a s it s t a nd s i n G e n e s i s it i s by no m e a n s th e
, ,

S e rpe nt th a t m a k e s th e w ors t a pp e a ra nc e It i s J e hova h

.
,

w ho s e w ord — th a t d e a th s h a ll follow on the d a y the a ppl e

i s e a t e n — i s fa ls ifi e d by th e re s ult ; a n d w hil e th e S e rp e nt
i s s e e n t e lling th e tr u th a n d guiding ma n to kno w l e dge
, ,

J e hova h is re pre s e nt e d a s a nim a te d by j e a lo u s y or e ve n

fe a r o f m a n s a tt a inm e nts A ll o f w hich i s n a tura l e nough
’
.

i n a n e xtre m e ly pri mitive myth o f a comba t b e t w e e n

r iva l god s but by no m e a n s poss e ss e s th e mora l a cc e n t
,

o f t h e tim e a n d condition s a mid w hich J a hvi s m c e r t a inly

o rigin a t e d It i s in the s a m e u nmora l pl a n e a s the con
.

t e s t o f th e D e va s a n d A s ura s fo r the A mrita in H ind u ,

mythology a conte s t o f phys ica l force a n d w its

, .

Th e re a l d e ve lopm e nt o f Sa t a n a mong th e J e w s w a s
from a n a ccu s ing to a n oppo s ing s pirit th e n to a n a g e nt ,

o f s e —
puni hm nt a h a t e d e x e cution e r The fa ct th a t th e .

fi gure h e re give n ( Fig 5) w a s id e ntifi e d by o n e s o fa mili a r

.

w ith Se mitic d e monology a s Ca lme t a s a re pre s e nta ti on

o f him i s e xtre m e ly int e re s ti n g

, It w a s found a mon g
.
1 68 SUPP OSE D P OR TR AI T OF SA TAM

re pre se nta t ion s o f Ch e rubim a n d on the ba ck o f o n e ,

s om e w h a t like it i s a formul a o f invoca tio n a ga i n s t

d e mon s The counte n a nce i s o f th a t s e ve re be a uty w hich
.

the Gre e ks a s cribe d to N e m e s i s N e m e s i s h a s a t h e r fe e t

.

the w h e e l a n d rudd e r s ymbol s o f h e r po w e r to ov e rt a ke

,

th e e vil do e r by l a nd or s e a ; the fe e t o f thi s figure a re

-

w ing e d fo r p u rs uit H e h a s four h a nd s I n o n e h e b e a rs

. .

Fig 3 —G n o s r
. , tc F io n a : ( Ste Ge n e v i e v e Co lle c tio n )
.
.

the l a mp w hich like Luci fe r brings light on the d e e d o f

, ,

d a rkn e ss As to oth e rs h e a u w e rs B a ruch s d e s c r iption

.
,
’

( p 3 4)
E . 1 , 1 o f th e B a byloni a n god H e h a th a s c e ptre in ,

h i s h a nd lik e a ma n lik e a ju d ge o f the kingdom—he

,
 . VE M E SI S T UR N E D A CC USE R .

h a th in his h a nd a sw ord a n d a n a x e H e be a rs n i ce ly .

g r a du a t e d impl e m e nt s o f puni s hm e nt from th e l a s h th a t ,

s co u rg e s to th e a x e th a t s l a y s ; a n d h i s re tributive po w e rs

a r e s uppl e m e nt e d by th e s corpion t a il A t h is kn e e s a r e .

s ign e ts ; w hom s o e ve r h e s e a l s a r e se a l e d H e ha s the t e rribl e .

e y e s w h i ch w e r e b e li e v e d a bl e to re a d on e v e ry fore h e a d

a c a ta logu e o f s in s i nvi s ibl e to mort a l s a po w e r th a t m a de ,

w om e n ca re fu l o f th e ir v e il s a n d g a v e m e a ning to the
,

formul a G e t th e e b e hind me !
’
1

N o w thi s figure w hich Ca lme t b e li e ve d to be Sa t a n

, ,

b e a rs on i ts re ve rs e Th e E ve rl a s ting Su n H e i s a god
’
.
,

ma d e up o f E gypti a n a n d M a gia n form s the h e a d plum e s ,

-

b e longing to th e o n e the multipli e d w ings to th e oth e r

, .

M a tt e r (H i s t Cr i t d e Gn o s t) re produce s it a n d s a ys th a t
. . .
,

it di ffe rs s o much from a ll e l s e o f the kind a s to prove it

th e w ork o f a n impo s tor But Pro fe ssor C W K ing h a s
.
’
. .

a ( prob a bly fi fth c e nt u r y ) ge m in h i s coll e ctio n e vid e ntly

a rud e copy o f thi s ( re produc e d in h i s Gnos tics Pl xi ’

. .
,

o n th e b a ck o f w hich i s L ight o f L ight s a n d in a not e ,

w hich I h a v e from him he s a ys th a t it s u ffici e ntly prove s

,

M a tt e r w rong a n d th a t thi s form w a s primitive

, In .

o n e ge m o f Pro fe s s or K ing s ( Pl v 1 ) th e l a mp i s a l s o
’
. .

c a rr i e d a n d m e a n s the L ight o f L ights The in s cription

, .
’

b e n e a th w ithin a coil e d s e rp e nt i s in corrupt cu n e i form

, ,

ch a ra cte rs long pre s e rve d by the M a gi though w ithout

, ,

u nd e r s t a ndi n g th e m Th e re i s littl e dou bt th e re fore th a t

.
, ,

th e in s ti n ct o f Ca lme t w a s right a n d th a t w e h a ve h e re a n ,

e a rly form o f the d e t e ctive a n d re tributive M a gi a n d e ity

u ltim a t e ly d e gra d e d to a n a ccu s ing s pirit or Sa t a n ,

.

A lthough the J e w s did not id e nti fy Sa t a n w ith th e ir

S c a p e goa t y e t he ha s b e e n ve rita bly the Sca pe go a t
,

a mong d e vil s fo r tw o thou s a nd y e a rs A ll the n ightm a re s .

a n d ph a nt a s m s th a t e v e r h a unt e d th e hum a n im a gin a tio n

1
Cf Re v . . v ii .
3 .
 1 70 SA TAN A S S CAPE G OA T .

h a ve be e n p a ck e d upon hi m unto this d a y w he n it i s ,

a lmo s t a s co mmon to h e a r h is n a m e in I ndi a a n d Chi n a

a s in E urop e a n d A me fi c a I n thu s p a s s ing round th e

.

w orld h e h a s c a ught the va r yin g fe a ture s o f m a ny fos s i l

,

i s e d d e mon s : he h a s be e n horn e d hoo fe d re ptili a n , , ,

qu a drup e d a l a nthropoid a n thr Op o mo r ph ic be a utiful ugly

, , , , ,

m a l e fe m a l e ; the w hi te s p a int e d him bl a ck a n d the

, ,

bl a ck s w ith more re a s on p a int e d him w hite Thu s ha s

, , .

Sa t a n be e n m a d e a mira cl e o f incongruiti e s Y e t through .

a ll th e s e prot e a n s h a p e s th e re ha s p e rs i s t e d th e origi n a l

ch a ra ct e ri s tic m e n tion e d H e i s pros e cutor a n d e x e c u

.

ti o n e r und e r the divin e gove rnm e nt though h i s o ffi c e h a s ,

b e e n d e ba s e d by tha t m e nta l con fu s ion w hich i n the E a s t , ,

a bhors the b u rn e r o f corp s e s a n d in th e W e s t re g a rd s t ,

he, ,

public h a ngm a n w ith conte mpt ; the a bhorre nc e in th e ,

ca se o f Sa t a n b e ing inte n s ifi e d by the s uppo s ition o f a n

,

ove rfondn e s s fo r his w ork c a rri e d to the e xte nt o f ins ti ,

ga ting the o fl e n c e s w hich w ill bring him victim s

'

I n a w e ll know n E ngli s h R om a n Ca tholic book

-
1
of

re c e nt tim e s th e re i s this a ccount o f St Fra n ci s vi s it to

, .
’

h e ll i n co mpa ny w ith the A nge l Ga bri e l St Fra nci s s a w .

th a t o n the oth e r s id e o f (a c e rt a in ) s oul the re w a s a n

, ,

oth e r d e vil to mock a t a n d re proa ch it H e s a id R e m e m .

,

be r w h e re you a r e a n d w h e re you w il l b e fo r e v e r ; ho w
,

s hort th e s i n w a s ho w the puni s hm e nt}

, It i s you r
o w n fa ult
; w he n y o u committ e d t ha t mort a l s i n you kn e w
—
haw you w ould be pun i sh e d W i ta t a good ba rga in y o u .

m a de to ta ke the p a in s
cry n o w fo r your s1n
— fl
,

Ti n t you r c ryi n g com e s too late You lik e d ba d comp a ny

'

y o u w ill find ba d comp a ny e nough h e r e Your fa t he r w a s .

The Sight o f H e ll, p re pa r e d, a s o n e o f a Se r ie s of Bo o k s fo r Child re n

’
1

a n d Y o u n g Pe rso n s, by the Re v Fa the r Fu rn i ss , by a u tho r i ty o f

’
.

his Supe r i o r s .
 A LL Y OF PR I E S TH OOD S . 1 7 1

a d runk a rd , look a t him th e re drinki n g r e d hot fir e Y o u -

.

w e re too idl e to go to m a s s o n S und a y s ; be a s idl e a s o

y u

l ik e n o w fo r th e re i s no m a s s to go to
, You dis obe y e d
.

y o ur f a th e r ,but y o u d a re n o t di s ob e y h i m w ho i s your
fa th e r in h e ll
’
.

Thi s d e vil s p e a ks a s o n e c a rrying out the divin e d e cre e s .

H e pr e a ch e s H e utt e rs from h i s ch a s ubl e o f fl a m e the

.

s e rmo n s o f Fa th e r Furn i s s A n d no d o u bt w h e re ve r
.
, ,

b e li e f in Sa ta n i s th e ologica l thi s i s pre tty much the form

,

w hich h e a s s um e s b e fore the mind ( or w h a t s uch be li e v e rs

w ould c a ll th e ir mind a lb e it r e a lly th e mind o f s om e

,

S yri a n d e a d th e s e tw o thou s a nd y e a rs) But the Sa t a n

.

opul rly p e rs on a li s e d w a s ma n s e ffort to im a gin e

’

p a a n

e nthu s i a s m o f inhum a nity H e i s the n e ce ss a ry a pp e nd

.

a ge to a p e rs on a li s e d Om n ipot e nce w ho s e thoughts a r e ,

n o t a s m a n s thoughts bu t cl a im to co e rc e th e s e His
’
, .

d e gr a d a tion re fl e cts the h e a rtl e s s n e ss a n d the i n g e nuity

o f to r ture w hich mu s t a l w a y s re pr e s e nt p e rs on a l gove rn

me nt w ith i ts ca ta logu e o f fictitiou s crim e s O ffe nc e s .

a g a in s t m e re M a j e s ty a ga in s t iniquiti e s fra m e d i n la w
, ,

mu s t be doubly puni s h e d th e thing to be s e cure d be ing

,

doubly w e a k Und e r a n y th e ocra tic gove rnm e nt la w

.

a n d puni s hm e nt w ould b e com e th e typ e s o f di a boli s m .

Sa t a n thu s ha s a t w o fold s ignific a nc e H e re ports w ha t

.

po w e rful pri e s thood s found to be the obsta cl e s to th e ir

a uthority ; a n d h e r e ports th e ch a ra ct e r o f the pri e s tly

d e s poti s m s w hich a im e d to obs truct hu ma n d e ve lop

me n t .
 C H A PTE R XV I .

RELI G I OUS D E S P OTI SM .

d H e r o d—Zo r o a s te r m — Ah r i ma n s e mi ssa ri e s
’ ’
P ha r a o h an s o th e r

Ka n s a a n d K r i s hn a — o n —
E mi s sa r i e s f Ka s a Astya ge s a n d Cyr u s
— Zo hak—Be l an d the Chr i s tia n .

THE J e w s ha d a lre a dy w h e n Chri s t a ppe a re d form e d the

, ,

th e o ry th a t the h a rd e ning o f Ph a ra oh s h e a rt a n d hi s ’

re s i s ta nce to the d e p a rture o f I s ra e l from E gypt w e re d u e ,

to di a bolica l s orce r y The be li e f a fte rw a rd s m a ture d ; th a t

.

E dom ( E s a u or Sa m a el! ) w a s the in s tiga tor o f R o ma n

a ggre ss ion w a s s t e a dily forming The me n ta l conditions
.

w e re th e r e fore fa voura bl e to the gro w th o f a b e li e f in the

J e w i s h follo w e rs o f Chri st th a t th e ho s tility to the re li

gion s move m e nt o f th e ir tim e w a s a noth e r e ffort o n th e
p a rt o f Sa m a el to cru s h the ki n gd om o f God H e rod w a s .

n o t ind e e d c a ll e d Sa t a n or Sa m a e l nor w a s Ph a ra oh ; bu t
, , ,

the Spl e ndour a n d gra nd e u r o f thi s Idum e a n ( the re a lm o f

E s a u ) notw ith s t a nding h is oppre ss ion s a n d crim e s ha d
, ,

m a d e hi m a fa ir re pre s e nta tive to the pe opl e o f th e s upe r

n a tura l pow e r th e y dre a d e d Und e r th e s e circum s ta nce s
.

i t w a s a pow e r ful a ppe a l to the s ymp a thi e s o f the J e w i s h

p e opl e to inve nt in conn e ction w ith H e rod a myth e x a ctly
s imil r to th a t
a a ss oci a t e d w —
ith Ph a ra oh n a m e ly a con , ,

s p i r a c y w ith s orc e re r s a n d con s e qu e nt m a s sa cre o f a ll

,

n e w bo m chil d re n
-
.

The myth s w hich te ll o f divin e b a b e s su p e m a tu r a lly

s a ve d fro m roy a l hostility a r e ve r ita bl e my th s e v e n ,
 Z OR OA S TE R S M O TH E R
’
. 1 73

w h e re th e y occur s o l a t e in tim e th a t hi s tori c n a m e s a n d

pl a ce s a r e give n ; fo r o f co u rs e it i s impos s ibl e tha t by
, ,

a n y n a tura l m e a n s e ith e r Ph a ra oh or H e rod s hould b e

a w a re o f th e p e culi a r n a ture o f a n y p a rticul a r in fa nt born

i n th e ir dominion s S uch tra dition s w h e n thu s pre s e nte d

.
,

i n hi s torica l gui s e c a n only be e xpl a in e d by re fe re nc e to

,

corre s ponding fa bl e s w ritte n out in s impl e r mythic form

w hil e it i s e s p e ci a lly n e c e s sa ry to re m e mb e r th a t s uch

corre s ponding n a rra tive s ma y be o f ind e pe nd e nt e thnic a l

origin a n d tha t the l a te r in tim e ma y be more primitive
,

s piritu a lly .

I n the L e ge nd o f Zoroa s te r h is moth e r Bogdo p r e

1
,

vio n s to hi s birth ha s a dre a m in w hich she s e e s a bl a ck

,

clou d w hich like the w ing o f s om e va s t bird hid e s th e

, , ,

su n , a n d bring s o n fright fu l d a rkn e s s This cloud ra i n s .

—
dow n on h e r hous e t e r ribl e be a s ts w ith s h a rp te e th tige rs , ,

lion s w olve s rhinoce ros e s s e rpe nts On e mons te r e s p e

, , , .
‘

c ia lly a tt a ck s h e r w ith gr e a t fury a n d h e r unborn b a b e ,

s p e a k s in re a ss uring t e rm s A gre a t light ri se s a n d th e .

be a s ts fa ll A be a uti ful you th a ppe a rs hurl s a book a t the

.
,

D e va s ( D e vil s) a n d th e y fly w ith e xc e ption f thre e

,
o — a , ,

w ol f a lion a n d a tig e r
,
Th e se how e ve r the yout h drive s
, .
, ,

a w a y w ith a lumino u s horn H e th e n re pl a ce s th e holy .

in fa nt i n the w omb a n d s a ys to the moth e r : Fe a r ,

‘

n othing ! Th e K ing o f H e a ve n prot e cts thi s in fa nt Th e .

e a rth w a it s fo r him H e i s the proph e t w hom Ormuzd

.

s e nd s to h i s p e opl e : h i s la w w ill fill the w orld w ith joy :

h e w ill m a k e the lion a n d th e l a mb drink in th e sa m e

pl a ce Fe a r not th e s e fe rociou s b e a sts ; w hy s hould he
.

w hom Ormuzd pre s e rve s fe a r the e nmity o f th e w hol e

w orld ? W ith th e s e w ord s th e you th v a ni s h e d a n d D o gd o

’
,

a w ok e R e pa iri n g to a n i nt e rpre t e r s he w a s told th a t

.
,

th e H orn m e a n t the gra nd e ur o f Ormuzd ; th e Book w a s

M An qu e til D u e t Vi e de r Zo r oa s tr e
’ ’
1 Pe rr o n Zen da v e sta
. s .
 AH R I M A N S E M I SSARI E S
’
1 74 .

the A v e s ta the thre e B e a st s b e tok e n e d thre e po w e rful

e n e mi e s .

Zoroa s te r w a s born l a ughing Thi s prodi gy b e ing noi s e d .

a bro a d the M a gici a n s be c a m e a l a rm e d a n d s ought to s l a y

, ,

the child On e o f th e m r a i s e d a s w ord to s trik e him bu t

.
,

h is a r m fe ll to th e grou n d Th e M a gici a n s bore the child.

to th e d e s e rt kindl e d a fir e a n d thr e w him into it but h is

, ,

moth e r a ft e rw a rd s found hi m s l e e pi n g tra nquilly a n d n u

h a rm e d i a the fl a m e s N e xt he w a s thro w n in front o f a
.

drove o f cow s a n d bull s but the fi e rc e s t o f th e bull s s tood

,

c a re fully ove r the child a n d prot e ct e d him Th e M a gici a n s .

kill e d a ll the young o f a p a ck o f w olve s a n d the n c a s t th e ,

in fa nt Zoro a st e r to th e m tha t th e y might v e nt th e ir ra g e

upon him but the mouth s o f the w olve s w e re s hut The y
, .

a b a ndon e d the child o n a lon e ly mou nta in but tw o e w e s ,

c a m e a n d s u ckl e d him .

Zoroa s te r s fa th e r re spe ct e d the mini s te rs o f the D e va s

’

( M a gi ) but
, h i s child r e buk e d him Zoro a s t e r w a lk e d o n .

the w a t e r (cross ing a gr e a t riv e r w h e re w a s n o bridg e ) o n

h i s w a y to M ount Ira n w h e r e h e w a s to re ce ive th e L a w .

It w a s th e n he ha d the vi s ion o f the b a ttl e b e tw e e n the

t o s e rp e nt a rmi e s
w — th e w hite a n d bl a ck a dd e rs the
, ,

fo rm e r from the South conqu e ring the l a tte r w hich ha d

, , ,

com e from the N orth to d e s troy him .

T e L e ge nd o f the In fa nt K ri shn a i s a s follow s

h — The
tyra nt K a n sa h a vi ng give n h is Si s t e r D e va ki in m a rri a ge
,

to Va s ud eva a s he w a s re turn i ng from the w e dding h e a rd

,

a voic e d e cl a re Th e e ighth s o n o f D e va ki i s d e s tin e d to

,

be thy d e s troye r A l a r me d a t thi s K a ns a c a s t h i s s i s t e r

’
.
,

a n d h e r hu sb a nd into a pri s on w ith s e v e n iron doo rs a n d ,

w h e n e ve r a s o n w a s born h e c a u s e d i t to b e in s ta n tly

d e s troy e d W h e n D e va ki b e c a m e pre gn a nt the e ighth

.

t i m e Bra hm a a n d Siva w ith a tt e nding D e va s a ppe a re d

, , ,

a n d sa n g : O fa voure d a mon g w om e n ! in thy d e live ry

‘
 R AN SA AN D K RI SH N A . 1 75

a ll na ture sha ll h a ve ca u s e to e xult ! Ho w a rd e ntly w e

long to b e hold th a t fa c e fo r the s a k e o f w hich w e h a ve
c ours ed ro u nd thre e w orld s W h e n K ris hn a w a s born a
choru s o f c e l e s ti a l s pirits s a lut e d him ; the room w a s
illumin e d w ith s upe rn a tura l light W hil e D e va ki w a s .

w e e ping a t th e fa ta l d e cre e o f K a n s a th a t he r s o n s houl d

b e d e s troy e d a voic e w a s h e a rd by Va s ud eva sa ying

,

So n o f Ya du c a rry thi s child to Gokul on the oth e r s id e

, ,

o f th e riv e r Jumn a to N a ud a w ho se w i fe h a s j u s t give n

, ,

birth to a d a ughte r Le a ve him a n d brin g th e girl hith e r

. .
’

A t thi s th e s e v e n doors s w ung ope n d e e p s l e e p fe ll on the ,

g u a rd s,
a n d V a s ud ev a w e nt forth w ith th e holy in fa nt in

h is a rm s . The rive r Jumn a w a s s w oll e n but the w a t e rs , ,

h a ving ki s s e d the fe e t o f K ri s hn a re tire d on e ith e r s id e

, ,

o p e ning a p a th w a y The gre a t s e rp e nt o f Vi s hnu h e ld

.

i ts hood ove r thi s n e w inca rn a tion o f i ts L ord Be s id e .

s le e ping N a ud a a n d h i s w i fe th e d a ught e r w a s re pl a c e d

b y th e s o n w h o w a s n a me d K ri s h n a th e D a rk
, , .

W h e n a ll thi s h a d h a pp e n e d a voic e ca m e to K a n s a
s a ying : The boy d e s tin e d to d e s troy th e e i s bo rn a n d
‘
,

i s n o w living W h e re upon K a n s a ord e re d a ll the ma l e

.
’

childre n in his kingdom to be d e s troye d This be in g .

i n e ffe ctu a l th e w h e re a bouts o f K ri s hn a w e re di s cove re d ;

,

but the m e s se ng e r w ho w a s s e nt to d e stroy the child

b e h e ld i ts im a ge in the w a te r a n d a dore d it The .

R a ks h a s a s w ork e d in the int e re s t o f K a n sa On e a p .

r o a c h e d th e divin e child in s h a p e o f a mon s trou s bull

p
w ho s e h e a d h e w rung o ff ; a n d h e s o burn e d in the
s tom a ch o f a crocodil e w hich ha d s w a llo w e d him th a t th e

mo n s t e r c a s t him from h is mouth u nh a rm e d .

Fin a lly a s a youth K ri s hn a a fte r livi n g s om e tim e a s

, , ,

a h e rd s m a n a tta ck e d th e tyra n t K a n s a
,
tore the crow n ,

from h i s h e a d a n d dra gg e d him by hi s h a ir a long w a y ;

,

w i th the curio u s r e s u lt th a t K a n s a b e ca m e lib e ra t e d from

1 76 A S T YA GE S A N D C YR US .

the thre e w orlds s uch virtu e ha d long thinking a bo u t the

,

inca rn a te o n e e ve n in e nmity !
,

Th e divin e be ings re pre s e nte d in the s e l e g e nd s find

th e ir compl e m e nt i n the fa bulou s hi story o f Cyru s ; a n d
the ho stil e po w e rs w hich s ought th e ir d e s truction a r e

re pre s e nt e d in d e monology by the Pe rs i a n tyra nt d e vil -

Zoh ak The na m e o f A s ty a ge s the gra nd fa th e r o f Cyru s

.
, ,

h a s b e e n s a ti s fa ctor ily tra c e d to A s hd a hak a n d A j i s ,

D a h ak a the biting s n a k e The w ord thu s conn e cts h i m

’
.
,

w ith V e dic A h i a n d w ith Ira ni a n Zoh ak the tyra nt ou t ,

o f w ho s e s hould e rs a ma gici a n e vok e d tw o s e rpe nts w hich

a dh e re d to him a n d b e c a m e a t once hi s fa mili a rs a n d th e

a rm s o f h i s cru e lty As As ty a ge s the l a s t king o f M e di a

.
, ,

h e ha d a dre a m th a t the o ffs pring o f his d a ughte r M a n

d a n e w ould re ign ove r As i a H e ga ve h e r in m a rri a g e to .

Ca mby s e s a n d w h e n s h e bore a child ( Cyru s ) commi t

, ,

te d i t to h i s mini s t e r H a r p a gu s to be s l a in H a r p a gu s .
,

ho w e ve r move d w ith pity ga ve it to a h e rd s m a n o f A sty

, ,

a g e s w h o s ubs titut e d fo r it a s till born c hild a n d h a ving

,
-

s o s a ti s fi e d th e tyra nt o f i ts d e a th re a re d Cyru s a s h i s ,

own so n .

Th e luminou s Horn
Zoroa stri a n l e ge nd a n d th e
of the

d i a boli s m o f Z o h ék a r e both re ca ll e d in the Book o f

D a ni e l (vii i ) in the t e rrific s tru ggl e o f the r a m a n d th e
h e go a t The he goa t a nci e nt s ymbol o f h a i r y E s a u
-
.
-
, ,

long i d e a li se d into the Invi s ibl e Fo e o f I s ra e l ha d be ,

com e a ss oci a te d a ls o w ith B a bylon a n d w ith N imrod i ts

found e r the Se mitic Zoh ak
,
But Be l conqu e ror o f the .
,

D ra gon w a s the found e r o f B a bylon a n d to J e w i s h e ye s

, ,

the D ra gon w a s h i s fa mili a r ; to the J e w s he re p res e n te d

th e tyra n ny a n d idol a try o f N imrod the tw o s e rp e nts o f ,

Zoh ak W he n Cyru s s uppl a nte d As ty a ge s this w a s the

. ,

idol h e found the B a byloni a ns w o rs hipping until D a ni e l

d e s t r oye d i t A n d s o it w ould a pp e a r ca m e a bo u t th e
.
, ,
 R E L AN D TH E CH R I S TI AN 1 77

fa ct tha t to the J e w s the po w e r o f Ch ri s te ndom ca m e to

b e r e pre s e nte d a s the R e ign o f Be l . On e c a n h a rdly
w ond e r a t tha t I f e ve r th e re w e re cru e l ty a n d O p p r e s
.

s i on p a s s ing b e yond th e limit o f m e re hum a n c a p a citi e s ,

it h a s be e n re cord e d in the tra gica l hi story o f J e w i s h

s u ffe rings. The di s b e li e ve r in p r aete r n a tu r a l po w e rs o f
e vil c a n no l e s s tha n oth e rs re cogni s e in thi s Be ! a n d
th e Chri s ti a n w hich th e J e w s s ubs titut e d fo r Be l a n d
’

th e D ra gon ,
the r e a l a r c hfie n d
’
— Sup e rs tition turning
,

h u m a n h e a rts to s ton e w h e n to s tony god s th e y sa crifice

the ir o w n hum a n ity a n d th e w e l fa re o f ma nkind .

VOL I I .
 C H A PTE R XV I I .

THE PRI N CE OF TH I S W O RLD .

Te mpta ti o n s Bi rth o f Bu d d ha Ma r a Te mpta ti o n o f po w e r

— —
As ce ti c i sm a n d Lu x u ry M a n s men a c e s Appe a ra n c e o f th e
’

Ah r i ma n te mpts Zo r o a s te r Sa ta n a n d
’
Bu ddh a s V i n d i c a to r
C r i st
h — Cr i ti ci s m o f Str a u s s — J e w is h tr a di ti o n s H u n ge r
Va r i a n ts .

TH E D e vil , ha ving s how n J e s u s a ll the kingdom s o f this

w orld sa id A ll thi s pow e r w ill I give th e e a n d the glory
‘
, , ,

o f th e m : fo r th a t i s d e live re d unto me a n d to w ho ms o ,

e v e r I w ill I give i t The th e ory thu s a nnounce d i s a s a

’
.

va s t form a tion und e rlying ma ny re ligion s A s e ve ry re li .

gion be gins a s a n id e a l it mu s t find itse l f in a nta goni s m to

,

the w orld a t l a rg e ; a n d s inc e the s oci a l a n d politica l w orld

a r e th e m s e lve s s o long a s th e y l a s t the outcom e o f n a ture

, , ,

it i s in e vita bl e th a t in primitive tim e s the e a rth s hould b e

re ga rd e d a s a Sa ta nic re a lm a n d the divin e w orld picture d
,

e l se w h e re. A l e gitim a t e re s ult o f thi s conclu s ion i s a s ce ti

c is m a n d b e li e f i n th e w ick e dn e s s o f e a rthly e n joym e nts
, .

To me n o f gre a t int e ll e ctu a l po w e rs g e n e ra lly a c c o m ,

p a n i e d a s th e y a re w ith k e e n s u s c e ptibiliti e s o f e njoym e nt

a n d s trong symp a thi e s the re nunci a tion o f thi s w orld m u s t
,

be a s a living buri a l To me n w ho a mid th e corru ptions

.
,

o f th e w orld fe e l w ithin th e m th e po w e r to s trik e in w i th

,

e ffe ct or w h o s e e ing w ith h o w littl e w i s dom th e w orld i s

‘
, ,

gove rn e d a r e stirre d by the s e n s e o f po w e r the s truggl e

,
’
,

a g a in s t the t e mpt a tion to l e a d in the kingdom s o f thi s

 B I R TH OF B UD D H A . 1 79

w orld i s n e ce ssa rily s e ve re Thu s s impl e i s the s e n se o f .

tho s e t e mpt a tion s w hich m a k e th e a lmo s t i n va ri a bl e ord e a l

o f th e tr a dition a l fo u nd e rs o f r e li gio ns A s in e a rli e r .

ti m e s the god w o n his s purs s o to s a y by conqu e ri n g , ,

s o m e mon s trou s b e a s t the s a int or s a vio u r mu s t h a ve,

o v e rcom e s om e pot e nt m a ny h e a d e d w orld w ith g e m s fo r -

,

s c a l e s a n d doubl e tongu e coili n g round the e a rth a n d

-

, ,

th e nce like L ilith s gold e n h a ir round the h e a rt o f a ll

,
’

s urre nd e r e d to i ts S e ductio n s .

It i s re m a rk a bl e to n o t e th e contra s t b e tw ee n the vis ibl e

a n d invi s ibl e w s w hich s urround e d the s pi r itu a l pil
orld ‘

g rim a g e o f S a ky a M uni to Buddh a hood or e nlight e nm e nt .

A t h i s birth th e re i s n o tra ce o f politic a l h os tility : th e

cru e l K a n s a H e r od M a gici a ns s e e ki n g to d e s troy a r e
, , ,

re pl a ce d by the a ffe ction a t e forc e o f a ki n g trying to re ta in

his so n Th e univ e rs a l tra dition s r e a ch th e ir h a ppy h e ight
.

in the e cs ta tic gos pe l s o f the Si a m e s e l Th e u nive rs e w a s .

illumin e d ; a ll j e w e l s s ho w n w ith un w ont e d lu stre ; the

a i r w a s full o f mu s ic ; a ll p a in c e a s e d ; th e blind s a w th e ,

d e a f h e a rd ; the bird s p a u s e d in th e ir flight ; a ll tre e s a n d

pl a nts burst into bloom a n d lotu s flow e rs a pp e a re d in ,

e ve ry pl a c e N o t und e r the dominion o f M a ra w a s thi s

11
.

be a uti ful w orld But by turning from a ll i ts youth h e a lth

.
, ,

and li fe to think only o f i ts d e cre p itu d e illn e s s a n d

, , ,

1 As giv e n in M r Ala ba s te r .
’
s
‘
Th e W he e l o f the La w (Tr u bn e r Co 1 87

I n the Apo c r yp ha l Go spe ls, so me o f the sign s o f n a tu r e s j o y a tte n d i n g th e

’

b ir th o f Bu d d ha a r e r e po r te d a t the bir th o f M a r y a n d tha t o f Chr i st, a s the

u si n g o f b i rd s i n the i r fl i gh t, &c A n n a i s sa i d to ha v e c o n c e i v e d M a r
p a .
y
u n der a tr e e , a s M a ia un de r a tr e e br o ught fo rth Bu d d h a .

‘
Ma ra , or M a n ( Sa n sc r i t M i ra , d e a th, go d o f lo v e ; by so me ho rs
aut

tra n sla te d illu s io n , ’

as i f i t c a me fr o m the Sa n s c r i t M aya ) , the an ge ls o f e v il
d e si r e , o f lo v e , Th o u gh K i n g M a ra p la ys the p a r t o f o u r Sa ta n the
d e a th , & c .

te mpte r , he a n d hi s ho stw e r e fo r me r ly gr e a t gi v e rs o f a lms , w hic h le d to the i r

be i n g bo r n i n the hi ghe s t o f the D e v a he a v e n s, ca lle d Pa r a n i mi t W a sa w a tti ,
the r e to li v e mo r e tha n n i n e tho u sa n d milli o n ye a rs , su rr o u n de d by a ll the
lu x u r ie s o f se n su a li ty . F ro m thi s he a v e n the filthy o n e, as the Sia me se
d esc r i be h im, d e sc e n d s to the e a r th to te mp t a n d e x c i te to ev il
.
-
Ala ba rter . .
 M AR A .

d e a th the Princ e Sa kya M uni s urro u nd e d h im sel f w it h

,

a noth e r w orld in w hich M a ra h a d h i s s h a re o f po w e r I .

cond e n s e h e re the a ccounts o f his e ncounte rs w ith th e

Princ e w ho w a s on h is w a y to be a h e rmit
, .

W h e n the Princ e p a ss e d out a t the p a l a c e ga te s the ,

king M a ra kno w i n g th a t the youth w a s pa ss ing be yo n d

,

h is e vil pow e r d e te rmin e d to pre ve n t him

,
D e s c e nd i n g .

fro m h is a bod e a n d flo a ting i n th e a i r M a ra crie d , ,

Lord thou a r t ca pa bl e o f s uch va s t e ndura nc e go n o t

, ,

forth to a dop ta re l i giou s li fe but re turn to thy kingdo m

, ,

a n d i n s e v e n d a y s thou s h a lt b e com e a n e mp e ror o f th e

w orld ruling ov e r the four gre a t contin e nts Ta k e h e e d

’
. ,
,

O M a ra ! re pli e d the Princ e ; I a l s o kno w tha t in s e ve n

’

d a ys I might g a in uni v e rsa l e mpire but I h a ve no d e s ire

,

fo r s uch pos s e s s ion s I know th a t the purs uit o f re ligio n

.

is b e tt e r th a n the e mpire o f th e w orld Se e h o w th e .

w orld i s mov e d a n d qu a k e s w ith pra i s e o f thi s my e ntry

,

o n a r e ligiou s li fe ! I s h a ll a tta in th e glorious omnis ci e nc e ,

a n d s h a ll t e a ch th e w h e e l o f th e la w th a t a ll te a ch a bl e
,

be ings ma y fr e e th e m se lve s from tra n s migra tory e xi s te n ce .

You thinking only o f the lu s ts o f the fl e s h w ould fo r c e

, ,

me to l e a ve a ll b e ings to w a nd e r w ith out guid e into your

po w e r A va unt ge t th e e a w a y fa r fro m me !
.
’

M a ra w ithdre w but only to w a tch fo r a noth e r o p p o r

,

tu n i ty It c a m e w h e n the Pri n ce ha d re duc e d him s e l f to

.

e m a ci a tion a n d a go n y by th e s e ve re s t a u s t e riti e s Th e n .

M a ra pre s e nt e d him s e l f a n d pre t e nding comp a ss ion s a id

, , ,

‘
B e w a re O gra nd B e ing ! Y our s t a te i s piti a bl e to loo k
,

on ; you a r e a tte nu a te d be yond m e a s ure a n d your s kin , ,

th a t w a s o f the colour o f gold i s d a rk a n d di s coloure d

,
.

You a r e pra c ti s in g thi s mo r ti fic a ti o n in va in I c a n s e e .

th a t y o u w ill not live through it You w ho a r e a Gra n d .

,

B e ing h a d b e tt e r give up th i s cours e fo r be a ss ure d y o u

, ,

w ill d e riv e much mor e a d v a nt a ge fro m s a crific e s o f fir e

 A S CE TI CI SM AN D L UX UR Y . 1 81

an d flow e rs H i m th e Gra nd Be ing indi gn a ntly a n sw e re d

.
8

H e a rk e n tho u vil e a n d w ick e d M a ra ! Thy w ord s s uit not

,

th e tim e Think not to d e c e ive me fo r I h e e d th e e not

.
, .

T hou ma y e s t mi s l e a d tho s e w h o h a v e no und e rs t a nding ,

but I w h o h a ve virtu e e ndura nce a n d inte llig e nce w ho

, , , ,

know w h a t i s good a n d w h a t i s e vil c a nnot be s o mi s l e d , .

T hou O M a ra ! h a s t e ight g e n e r a l s
, Thy firs t i s d e light .

i n the fiv e lu s ts o f the fl e s h w hich a r e the pl e a sure s o f ,

a pp e a ra nce s ound s c e nt fl a vour a n d touch

, , Thy s e cond
, , .

ge n e ra l i s w ra th w ho t a k e s th e form o f v e x a tion indign a

, ,

tion a n d d e s ire to i n jure Thy third i s concupi s c e nc e

, . .

Thy fourth i s d e sire Thy fi fth i s impud e n c e. Thy s ixth .

i s a rrog a nc e Thy s e v e nth i s doubt

. A n d thin e e ighth .

i s ingr a titu d e Th e s e a r e thy g e n e ra l s w ho ca nnot be

.
,

e s c a pe d by thos e w hos e h e a rts a r e s e t o n honour a n d

w e a lth But I kno w th a t he w ho c a n cont e nd w ith th e s e

.

thy g e n e ra l s s h a ll e sc a pe b e yond a ll s orro w a n d e n joy ,

th e mo s t gloriou s h a pp in e s s Th e re fore I h a ve not c e a s e d .

to pra cti s e mo r ti fica ti o n know ing th a t e ve n w e re I to d i e

,

w hil s t thu s e nga ge d it w ould b e a mos t e xc e ll e nt thing

’
.
,

It i s a dd e d th a t M a ra fl e d in con fu s ion but the n e xt ‘

,
’

incid e nt s e e m s to Sho w th a t hi s s ugge s tion w a s not n u

h e e d e d ; fo r a fte r h e ha d d e p a rt e d the Gra nd B e ing h a d
’

i —
h s vi s ion o f th e thre e s tring e d guit a r o n e s tring dra w n
-

too tightly the s e cond too loos e ly the third mod e ra te ly

, ,

w hich l a s t s om e w h a t i n d e fi a nc e o f o rch e s tra l id e a s a lon e

, ,

ga ve s w e e t mu s ic a n d t a ught him th a t mod e ra tion w a s

,

b e tt e r th a n e xce s s or l a xity By e a ting e nough h e ga in e d .

th a t pri s ti n e s tre ngth a n d be a u ty w hich o ffe nd e d the fiv e

Bra hm a n s s o th a t th e y l e ft him The third a n d fin a l e ffort .

o f M a ra imm e di a t e ly pre c e d e d th e Princ e s a tt a inm e nt o f th e

’

ord e r o f Buddh a u nd e r the Bo tre e H e n o w s e nt his thre e -

.

d a ughte rs R a k a ( L ove ) A ra di ( Ang e r) Ta nh a ( D e s ire )

, , , .

B e a uti fu lly b e d e ck e d th e y a ppro a ch e d him a n d R a k a s a id , ,

1 82 M A RA S M E N A CE S ’
.

L ord , fe a re s t thou not d e a th ? But he d rove h e r a w a y ’

.

Th e tw o oth e rs a l s o h e drov e a w a y a s th e y ha d no ch a r m
o f s u fli c i e n t po w e r to e ntice him Th e n M a ra a sse mbl e d .

h i s ge n e ra l s a n d s a id , L i s te n y e M a ra s th a t kno w n o t
, , ,

s o r ro w ! N o w Sh a ll I m a k e w a r on th e Princ e tha t ma n ,

w ithout e qu a l I d a re not a tta ck him in fa ce but I

.
,

w ill circ u mve nt hi m by a ppro a ching on the n orth s i d e .

A s s um e th e n a ll m a nn e r o f s h a pe s a n d u s e yo u r mighti e s t ,

po w e rs th a t he ma y fl e e in te rror
, .
’

H a ving t a k e n on fe a rfu l s h a p e s ra i s ing a w ful s ou nd s , ,

h e a d e d by M a ra him se l f w ho ha d a ss u me d imm e n s e s iz e , ,

a n d mount e d h i s e l e ph a n t G i r i ma ga a thou s a nd mil e s i n ,

h e ight th e y a dva nce d ; but th e y d a re not e nte r be n e a th

,

th e s h a d e o f the holy Bo tre e Th e y fright e n e d a w a y -

.
,

how e ve r the Lord s gu a rdi a n a nge l s a n d he w a s le ft

,
’
,

a lon e Th e n s e e ing th e a rmy a ppro a ching fro m th e n o r th

.
,

h e r e fl e ct e d L o n g h a ve I d e vot e d mys e l f to a li fe o f
,
‘

mo r ti fic a ti o n a n d n o w I a m a lon e w ithout a fri e nd to a i d

, ,

me in thi s cont e s t Y e t ma y I e s c a p e the M a ra s fo r th e

.
,

virtu e o f m y tr a n s c e nd e nt m e rits w ill b e my a r my H e l p .

’

me h e cri e d y e thirty Ba ra mi l y e po w e rs o f a cc u
,
’
,
‘

mu la te d m e rit y e po w e rs o f Alm sgiving M o r a l ity

, , ,

R e linqui s hm e nt W i s dom Fortitu d e P a ti e nce T ruth

, , , , ,

D e t e rmin a tion Ch a rity a n d E qu a nimity h e lp me in my

, , ,

fight w ith M a ra ! The L ord w a s s e a te d on hi s j e w e ll e d

’

thron e ( the s a m e th a t ha d b e e n form e d o f th e gra ss o n

w hich h e s a t) a n d M a ra w ith h i s a rmy e xh a u s t e d e ve ry
,

r e s ourc e o f t e rror — mon s trou s b e a s ts ra in o f mi ss il e s a n d ,

burning a s h e s ga le s th a t bl e w do w n mo u nta in pe a ks to
,
—
in s pire him w ith fe a r but a ll in va in N a y the burni n g ,

a s h e s w e r e ch a ng e d to flo w e rs a s th e y fe ll .

Co me do w n from thy thron e s houte d the e vil form e d

‘ ’
-

one ; com e dow n or I w ill cut thin e h e a r t into a tom s !

‘
,
’

Th e L ord re pli e d This j e w e ll e d thron e w a s cre a te d by

‘
,
 B UD D H A S VI N D I CA TOR 83
’
. 1

th e po w e r o f my m e ri ts fo r I a m he w h o w ill te a ch a ll
,

me n the re m e dy fo r d e a th w h o w ill re d e e m a ll b e ing s

, ,

a n d se t th e m fre e fro m th e s orro w s o f circling e xi s t e nc e

’
.

M a ra th e n cl a im e d th a t the thron e be long e d to hi ms e l f ,

a n d h a d b e e n cr e a t e d by h is o w n m e rits ; a n d o n thi s
a rm e d him s e l f w ith th e Ch a k kr a th e irre s i s tibl e w e a pon ,

o f Indra a n d W h e e l o f th e L a w
, Y e t Buddh a a n s w e re d .
,

By th e thirty virtu e s o f tra n s c e nd e n t m e rits a n d the fiv e ,

a lm s ,
I h a ve obt a in e d the thron e Thou in s a ying th a t .
,

thi s thron e w a s cre a te d by thy m e rits t e ll e s t a n untruth , ,

fo r ind e e d th e re i s no thron e fo r a s in fu l horribl e be i n g ,

s uch a s thou a r t
’
.

Th e n furiou s M a ra hurl e d th e Cha kkr a w hich clove ,

mou nt a in s in i ts cours e but could not p a s s a c a nopy o f

,

flo w e rs w hich ros e ove r the L ord s h e a d ’

.

A n d n o w the gre a t B e ing a s ke d M a r a fo r th e w itn e s s e s

o f h i s a cts o f m e rit by virtu e o f w hich h e cl a im e d th e

thron e In re s pon s e M a ra s ge n e ra l s a ll bore him w itn e s s

.
,
’
.

T h e n M a ra ch a ll e n g e d hi m Te ll me n o w w h e re i s th e
‘
, ,

ma n tha t c a n be a r w itn e s s fo r the e ? Th e L ord r e fl e cte d ,

Tru ly he re i s no ma n to h e a r me w itn e ss but I w ill ,

c a ll on the e a rth its e l f though it ha s n e ith e r s pirit nor

,

u nd e rs t a nding a n d it s h a ll be my w itn e s s
, Stre tching .

forth h is h a nd h e thu s invok e d th e e a rth : O holy E a rth !

,

I w h o h a ve a tta in e d th e thirty pow e rs o f virtu e a n d p e r ,

form e d th e fiv e gre a t a lm s e a ch tim e th a t I ha ve p e r form e d

,

a gr e a t a c t h a v e not fa il e d to pour w a t e r on th e e Now .

th a t I h a ve n o oth e r w itn e ss I ca ll u pon th e e to give thy,

t e s timony ! ’

Th e a ng e l o f th e e a rth a pp e a re d in s h a p e o f a love ly
w om a n a n d a n s w e re d 0 Be ing more e xc e ll e nt th a n
‘
, ,

a ng e l s or me n ! it i s tru e th a t w h e n you p e r form e d y our ,

g r e a t w ork s you ,e v e r pour e d w a t e r on my h a ir A n d .

’

w ith th e s e w ord s s h e w rung h e r lo n g h a ir a n d from it ,

1 84 AH R I M A N TE M P TS Z OR OAS TE R .

i ss u e d a s tre a m a torre nt a flood in w hich M a ra a n d h i s

, , ,

ho s ts w e re ove rturn e d th e ir in s igni a d e s troye d a n d K i n g

, ,

M a ra put to flight a mid the loud re joicings o f a nge l s

, .

Th e n the e vil o n e a n d h is ge ne ra l s w e re conqu e r e d n o t

only in po w e r but in h e a rt a n d M a ra ra i s i n g h is thous a n d ,

a rm s p a id r e ve re nc e s a ying
,
H om a ge to the L ord w h o
, , ,

h a s s ubdu e d h i s body e ve n a s a ch a riot e e r bre a k s hi s

hors e s to his u s e ! The L ord w ill b e com e the omni s c i e nt
Buddh a the Te a ch e r o f a ng e l s a n d Bra hm a s a n d Y a kkh a s
, , ,

( d e mon s ) a n d m e n ,
H e w ill . con f ound a ll M a ra s a n d ,

re s cu e me n from th e w hirl o f tra n s migra tion !

Th e m e n a cing po w e rs d e pict e d a s a ss a iling S a kya M u n i
a pp e a r only a round th e in fa ncy o f Zoro a s t e r The inte r .

vi e w o i the l a tte r w ith A hrim a n h a rdly a mounts to a s e ve r e

tri a l but s til l the a cce nt o f the chi e f t e mpta tion bot h o f
,

Buddha a n d Chri s t i s in it n a m e ly th e promi s e o f w o rldly , ,

e mpir e It w a s o n o n e o f those midnight journ e y s through

.

H e a ve n a n d H e ll th a t Z oro a s t e r s a w A hrim a n a n d d e ,

live re d from h is po w e r o n e w ho h a d don e both good a n d

e vil .
1 ’
W he n A hrim a n me t Z oro a s te r s g a z e he c r i e d ’
, ,

Quit thou the pure la w ; c a s t it to the ground ; tho u w ilt

th e n be in the w orld a ll tha t tho u c a n s t d e s ire Be not .

a nxiou s a bout thy e n d A t l e a s t do not d e s troy my su b

. ,

j e c ts O pur
, e Zoro a s t e r s o n o f P o r o s c h a,r
p w h o a r t bo r n ,

o f h e r thou h a s t bor n e ! Zoro a s te r a n s w e re d W ick e d

’

M a j e s ty ! it i s fo r th e e a n d thy w ors hipp e rs th a t H e ll i s

pre pa re d but by th e m e rcy o f God I s ha ll bu r y your w ork
,

w ith s h a m e a n d i gnomi n y
’
.

In the a ccount o f M a tth e w Sa ta n b e gin s his t e mpt a tion ,

o f J e s u s in the s a m e w a y a n d a mid s imil a r circum s ta nce s

to tho s e w e find in the S i a m e s e l e ge nd s o f Buddha It .

occurs in a w ild e rn e s s a n d th e a pp e a l i s to hunge r The

, .

1
So me sa y Dj e msc hid, o the r s Gu e n sc he sp , a w a r r i o r se n t to he ll fo r hea t
i n g the fire .
 SA TAN AN D CH R I S T . 1 85

t e mpta tion o f Buddh a in w hich M a ra promi s e s th e e mpire

,

o f th e w orld i s a l s o re pe a te d in th e c a s e o f Sa t a n a n d
,

J e s u s ( Fig
. Th e m e n a c e s ho w e ve r in thi s c a s e a r e
, , ,

Fig . G —Tu ‘
r r a r ro n or Ca n sr ( L uca s va n Le y d en )
.

re l e ga te d to the i n fa ncy , an d the lu s t ful t e mpt a tion is '

.

a b se nt a ltog e th e r M a rk
. ha s an a llu s ion to h i s b e ing in
1 86 CRI TI CI SM OF S TR A U SS .

the w ild e rn e ss forty d a ys w i th the be a s ts w hich ma y ,

’

m e a n tha t Sa ta n drove h i m into a re gion o f d a nge r to

‘ ’

in s pire fe a r In L uke w e ha ve the re m a rka bl e cl a im o f

.

Sa ta n th a t the a uthority ove r the w orld h a s be e n d e live re d

to him s e l f a n d he give s it to w hom h e w ill ; w hich J e s u s
,

do e s not d e ny a s Buddha did the s imil a r cl a im o f M a r a

, .

A s in the ca s e o f Buddh a the t e mpt a tio n o f J e s u s e nd s ,

h i s fa s ting ; a ng e l s bring him food m ii p r o

’
a t

b a bly m e a n s th a t) a n d th e nc e forth h e c a ts a n d dri n k s

, ,

to the s ca nda l o f the a sc e tics .

Th e e s s e nti a l a dditi o n in th e c a s e o f J e s u s i s the no ta bl e

t e mpta tion to try a n d p e rform a cruci a l a c t Sa ta n quote s .

an a ccr e dit e d m e s s i a nic proph e cy a n d invite s J e s u s to ,

te s t his cl a im to be the pre dicte d d e live re r by c a s ting

him s e l f from the pinn a cl e o f the Te mpl e a n d te s ti n g the ,

pro mi se th a t a nge ls s hould prote ct the tru e So n o f God .

Stra u s s a s it a ppe a rs to me ha s not con s id e re d th e i m

1
, ,

porta nc e o f t h i s in conn e ction w ith the ge n e ra l s itu a tion .

A s se nt h e s a ys ca nnot be w ithh e ld from the ca n on

‘ ’ ‘
, ,

th a t to be cre dibl e the n a rra tive mu s t a s cribe nothing to

, ,

the d e v il incons i s t e nt w ith h is e s ta bli s h e d cunning Now .

,

th e firs t t e mpt a tion a pp e a ling to hunge r w e gra nt i s n o t

, , ,

ill conce ive d i f thi s w e re i n e ffe ctu a l the d e vil a s a n a r t

-

, ,

fu l t a ctici a n should h a ve ha d a y e t more a lluring te mp ta

,

tion a t ha nd but ins te a d o f thi s w e find him in M a tth e w , , ,

propos i n g to J e s u s the n e ck bre a king fe a t o f ca s ting him -

s e l f do w n from th e pinn a cl e o f the Te mpl e — a fa r l e s s

inviting mira cl e th a n the m e ta morphos i s o f the s ton e s .

Thi s propos ition finding no a cce pta nc e the re follow s a s a , ,

crow ning e ffort a s ugge s tion w hich w h a te ve r might be

, ,

the brib e e ve ry tru e I s ra e lit e w ould in s t a ntly re j e ct w ith

,

a b orre nc e
h — to fa ll do w n a n d w ors hip the d e vil .
’

1
La ban ym a , 11. 54 . The c lo se re se mb la n ce be tw e e n the tr ia l of I sra e l in
the w i ld e rn e ss a n d this o f e sus J is dra w n i n his o wn ma ste r ly w a y.
 j E WI SH TR A D I TI ON S . 1 87

Not so ! c a p e go a t w a s a p e rp e tu a l a c t o f
Th e s

w ors hip to the D e vi l In thi s s tory o f the t e mpta tion

.

o f Chri s t th e r e e nt e r s om e ch a ra ct e ri s tic e l e m e nts o f th e

t e mpta tion o f Job U z in the o n e ca s e a n d the w ild e r

1
.

n e ss in th e o th e r m e a n mora lly th e sa m e the r e gion rul e d ,

o v e r by A z a z e l In both c a s e s the tri a l i s und e r divin e

.

d ire ction A n d the tri a l i s i n both ca se s to s e cure a divi

.

s ion o f w ors hip b e t w e e n the good a n d e vil po w e rs w hich ,

w a s s o unive r s a l in the E a s t tha t it w a s the t e s t o f e x c e p

ti o n a l pi e ty i f o n e did not s w e rve from a n unmix e d s a crifice .

J e s u s i s a pp a re ntly a ba ndon e d by th e Go d i n w hom h e

tru s te d ; h e i s drive n into a w ild e rn e ss a n d th e re ke pt ,

w ith th e be a s t s a n d w ithout food The D e vil a lon e ‘

com e s to him ; e xhibits his o w n mi ra culou s pow e r by

h e a r i n g him th rough the a i r to hi s o w n M ount Se ir a n d ,

s ho w ing him th e w hol e w orld in a mom e nt o f tim e ; a n d

n o w sa y s to him a s it w e re Tr y your God ! Se e i f Ire

‘
, ,

w ill e v e n turn s ton e s into bre a d to s a v e his o w n s o n to ,

w hom I o ffe r th e kingdom s o f th e w orld Th e n b e a ring

him into the holy hill o f is o w Go d the pinn a cl e o f
h n — ’

th e Te mpl e — s a ys Tr y n o w a l e a p a n d s e e i f Ire s a ve s
, ,

from b e ing d a s h e d to pi e c e s e ve n in hi s o w n pre cincts , ,

h i s s o tru s t ful d e vot e e w hom I h a ve born e a lo ft s o s a fe ly !

,

W hich th e n ha s the gre a te r pow e r to prote ct e nrich

, , , ,

a dva n c e you — he w ho h a s l e ft y o u out h e re to s t a rve s o ,

th a t you d a re not tru st yours e l f to him or I P Fa ll dow n ,

the n a n d w o rs hi p me a s your G o d a n d a ll the w orld i s ,

1 A p as sa ge o f the Pe s ikta (i i i 35 ) r e p r ese n ts a c o n v e rsa ti o n be tw e e n

.

Je ho v a h a n d Sa ta n w i th r e fe r e n c e to M essia s w hi c h bea r s a re se mbla n c e to

the p r o lo gu e o f Jo b Sa ta n s a id : Lo rd , pe r mi t me to te mp t M e ss i a s a n d
.

his ge n e r a ti o n To hi m the Lo r d sa i d Y o u c o uld ha v e n o po w e r o v e r hi m

. .

P
Sa ta n a ga i n sa i d : e r mi t me be ca u se I ha v e the po w e r Go d a n s w e re d .

I f yo u pe rs ist lo n ge r i n thi s, r a the r w o u ld I d e str o y the e fr o m the w o r ld , tha n

tha t o n e so u l o f the ge n e ra ti o n o f Me ss i a s s ho u ld be lo s t
’
Tho u gh the .

ra b bi n migh t r e po r t the t r ia l d e cli n e d , the c hr is tia n w o u ld c la i m i t to ha v e

be e n en d ur e d .
1 88 VAR I AN TS

yours ! It i s the w orld you a r e to re ign ove r : r ul e it i n

my n a m e !
W h e n St A nthony i s te mpte d by the D e vil in th e for m
.

o f a l e a n monk it w a s e a s y to s e e th a t the h e rmit w a s

,

troubl e d w ith a vis ion o f hi s o w n e m a ci a tion W he n th e .

D e vil a pp e a rs to L uth e r und e r gui s e o f a holy monk i t ,

i s a n obviou s e xpl a n a tion th a t he w a s impr e s se d by a

m e mory o f the holy broth e rs w ho s till re m a in e d in th e
Church a n d w ho w hil e th e y implore d hi s re turn point e d
, , ,

o u t th e s tre ngth a n d influ e nc e h e h a d lo s t by s e c e s s io n .

E qu a lly s impl e a r e the mora l e l e m e nt s in the s to r y o f

Chri s t s t e mpta tion
’
W hil e a m e mbe r o f John s a s c e tic .
’

community fo r w hich th ou gh he w a s rich he b e ca m e

,
‘

poor hu n ge r a n d s uch a nxi e ty a bout a living a s v i c ti

’

, ,

mi se s m a ny a you n g thinke r n o w mu s t h a ve a s s a il e d him , .

La te r on hi s D e vil m e e t s him on th e Te mpl e qu o t e s ,

s cripture a n d w a rn s him th a t h i s vi s ion a ry God w ill n o t

,

ra i se him so high in the Church a s the Pri n ce o f th i s

W orld c a n 1
A n d fin a lly w h e n dre a m s o f a l a rg e r u ni o n
. , ,

i n cluding J e w s a n d Ge ntil e s vi s it e d him th e po w e r th a t , ,

might b e ga in e d by conniva nce w ith u nive rs a l idol a try

w ould be r e fl e cte d in th e o ffe r o f th e kingdom s o f th e

w orld in p a ym e nt fo r th e purity o f hi s a im s a n d s ingl e

n e ss o f his w ors hip .

Th a t th e s e tri a ls o f s e l f tru th fu ln e s s a n d fid e lity c c -

curring a t va riou s pha s e s o f li fe w ould be re cogni s e d , ,

i s c e rt a in A youth o f hi gh po s ition a s Chri s t p r o

.
,

b a bly w a s } or e ve n o n e w ith tha t gre a t pow e r ove r the

p e opl e w hich a ll conce d e w a s in a w o r ldly s e n s e throw , , ,
‘

1
I n his fre sc o of the Te mpta ti o n at the Va ti ca n , M i c ha e l An ge lo ha s
pa i n te d the D e v i l i n the d r e ss of a p r i e s t, stan din g w i th J e su s on the
Te mple .

1
I d o ls an d I de a ls .
’
Lo n d o n : Trii bn e r C0 . New Yo r k : He n ry
H o lt Co . I n the E ssa y on Chr i sti a n i ty I ha v e gi v e n my r e a so n s fo r this

be lie f .
 TH E CON TE M P OR A R Y TE M P TE R . 1 89

ing awa y hi s pro s pe cts ; a n d thi s voic e re a l in i ts

’
,

tim e ,
w ould n a tura lly be conve ntion a li s e d It w ould put
.

o n th e s tock co s tum e o f d e vil s a n d a n g e l s ; a n d a mong

J ew i s h chri s ti a n s it w ould n a tura lly be a s s ocia t e d w ith

th e forty d a ys fa s t o f M os e s ( E xod xxxiv 2 8; D e ut
’
-
. . .

ix .
9) a n d t h a t o f E li a s ( 1 K ing s xix a n d t
.h e forty
y e a r s t r i a l o f I s ra e l in the w ild e rn e s s A mong .Gr eek

c h ri s ti a n s s om e tra c e s o f th e l e ge nd o f H e ra kl e s in h is

s e clu s ion a s h e rd s m a n or a t the cro ss ro a d s b e t w e e n V ic e

,
-

a n d V irtu e ,might e nt e r ; a n d it i s not impos s ibl e tha t

s o m e touc h e s might be a dd e d fro m th e Ori e nta l myth

w hich inv e s t e d Buddh a .

H o w e ve r thi s ma y be w e ma y w ith c e rta i n ty re p a ir to

,

th e common s ourc e o f a ll s u ch myth s in th e high e r n a ture

o f ma n a n d r e cogni s e th e po w e r o f a pure g e ni u s to ov e r
,

com e thos e te mpta tions to a s ucce ss un w orthy o f its e l f .

W e ma y inte rpre t a ll s uc h l e ge nd s w ith a cl e a rn e s s p r o

p o rtion e d to th e s a crific e s w e ha ve m a d e fo r tr u th a n d
id e a l right ; a n d the e ndl e ss pe rpl e x iti e s o f comm e nta tors
a n d th e ologi a n s a bout th e impo s s ibl e out w a rd d e t a il s o f

th e N e w Te s ta m e nt s tory a r e s impl e con fe s s ion s th a t th e

gre a t s pirit s o tri e d is n o w m a d e to l a be l w ith h i s n a m e

—
h i s o w n Te mpt e r n a m e ly a Church gro w n po w e rful a n d
,

w e a lth y w hich
,
a s th e Princ e o f thi s W orld
, brib e s the ,

co n s ci e nce a n d te mpts a w a y the t a l e nt n e c e ss a ry to the

pro gre s s o f m a nkind .
 C H A PTE R XVI I I .

TRI A L OF THE G RE AT .

a tTo u r s —The
A M o ra li ty ’
St An th o n y o f Sp
’

.
’
ag n o le tto — Bu n y a n
’
s

—
P i lgr i m M i lto n o n Ch r i s ts Te mp ta tio ’
n —A n E d i n b g
u r h s a i n t

a n d U n i ta r i a n fie n d — A h a u n te d J e e
w s s — C o n v e r s i o n b y f e v e r

Li mi t o f c o u r a ge — —
W o ma n a n d s o r c e r y L u th e r a n d t h e D e v i l
— The i n k s po t a t W a r tb u r g
-
’
Ca r lyle s i te pn r r e t a ti o n T h e

c o w le d d e v i l— —
Ca r lyle s tr i a l I n R u e S
’
t T h o m a s d
’
E n .
fe r — T h e

E v e r la s ti n g N o — —
D e v i l o f V a u v e r t The l t e t d c o n fl i c t— N e w
a r a y -

c o n d i ti o n s — The Vi c to r y o f M a n — Th e S c h o la r a n d th e W o r ld .

A RE P RE SE N TATI ON o f the Te mpta tion o f S t A nth o n y

.

m rion tt hich I itn d ou r t T ha d

( a e e s ) w ,
w e s se a s

s e v e ra l point s o f s ignific a nc e It w a s th e m e die v a l M o ra

.

l i ty a s dimini s he d by c e nturi e s a n d conv e nti o n a li s e d

’

a mo n g tho s e w ho m the c e nturi e s mould i n w a y s a n d fo r

e n d s th e y k n o w not A mid a s c e n e ry o f grot e s q u e d e v i ls

. ,

ru d e ly copi e d fr o m Ca llo t St A n thony a pp e a re d a n d

, . ,

w a s t e mpt e d in a w a th a t r e c a ll e d th e old pi c t u re s
y
.

T h e re w a s th e s a m e fa ir Te mptre s s i n thi s c a s e th e w i fe .

o f S a t a n w ho w a rn s h e r lord th a t h i s ugly d e vil s w i ll b e

,

o f n o a va il a ga in s t A n tho n y a n d th a t th e w hol e a ffa ir

,

s hou ld b e con fid e d to h e r Sh e be ing re p e ll e d th e r e s t o f

.
,

th e p e r fo rm a nce con s is t e d in th e d e vil s co n tinu a lly ri ng

i n g th e b e ll o f the h e r mit a g e a n d fi n a lly s e ttin g fi r e to it

,
.

T h i s c o n fl a gr a ti o n w a s the s upre m e torm e nt o f A ntho n y

an d s ooth to s a it w f i rly com f ort bl bod
y a s a a a e a e
-
, ,

w h o utt e rs p it e ou s pra y e rs a n d i s pre s e ntly com forte d

by a n a ng e l b r i n ging him w r e a th s o f e v e rgr e e n .
 SAI N T AN TH ON Y . 1 91

The pra ye rs o f the s a int a n d the re s pon se o f the a nge l

w e re m e a nt to be s e riou s ly t a k e n ; but th e ir p a tho s w a s

g e n e ra lly m e t w ith p a rdo n a bl e l a ught e r by th e cro w d in

t h e booth . Y e t th e re w a s a p a tho s a bout it a ll i f only ,

th i s th a t the o nly t e mpt a tion s thought o f fo r a sa int w e r e

,

a s ound a n d qu i e t hou s e a n d a m is tre s s Th e b e ll noi s e .

-

a l o n e r e m a in e d from th e gre a t pic tu re o f Sp a gn o le tto a t

S i e n a w h e re th e u n s h e lt e re d old ma n r a i s e s h is d e p r e c a t
,

i n g h a nd a ga in s t the dis turbe r but not h i s e y e s from th e ,

b o ok h e re a d s In Sp a gn o le tto s picture th e re a r e fiv e ’
.

l a rge book s p e n ink a n d hour gl a s s but th e re i s n e ith e r

, , ,
-

h e rmit a ge to be burnt nor fe m a l e ch a r ms to be re s i s t e d .

Bu t Sp a gn o le tto e ve n in h i s tim e w a s b e holding the

, ,

v i s io n o f e xc e ption a l me n in the p a s t w ho s e h u ng e r a n d ,

t h irs t w a s fo r know l e dge truth a n d cult u re a n d w h o

, , ,

s o u ght th e s e i n s olitud e S uch me n h a ve s o lo n g l e ft the

.

C hurch fa mili a r to th e Fre nch p e a s a ntry th a t a n y r e p r e

s c u t a tion o f th e ir t e mpt a tion s a n d tri a l s w ould be out o f

p l a c e a mong th e m a rion e tt e s T h e b e ll s w hich n o w d is

t u rb the m a r e tho s e th a t s ound fro m

.

s t e e pl e s .

A noth e r picture loom e d up b e fore my e y e s ov e r the

p u pp e t p e r form a nc e a t T our s th a t w hich fo r,
B u ny a n
fre s co e d th e w a ll s o f B e d ford G a ol Th e re too th e o ld .
, ,

d e mon s gi a nt s a n d d e vil s took on gra ve a n d va s t form s

, , ,

a n d r e fl e ct e d th e tri a ls o f th e G re a t H e a rt s w h o w ith s tood

th e Pop e s a n d Pa g a n s the a rm e d politic a l A p o lly o n s a n d

,

th e G i a nt D e s p a irs w h o could m a k e pri s on s the h e r mit a g e s

,

o f me n born to b e s a viour s o f th e p e opl e .

S uch w e re the t e mpt a tion s th a t M ilton kn e w ; from h i s

o w n h e a rt c a m e th e pigm e nt s w ith w hich h e p a int e d th e

tri a l o f Chri s t in the w ild e rn e s s Se t w om e n in h i s e y e

.
,
’

s a id B e li a l

W o me n ,
w he n n o th i n g be gu ile d the
e lse , he a r t
Of w i s e s t S o lo mo n , a nd ma d e h i m b u i ld ,

An d ma de h im ho w to the go d s o f hi s w iv e s .
1 9: M I L TON ON TH E TE M P TA TI ON .

To w ho m qu i c k a n sw e r Sa ta n th u s r e tu r n e d .

Be li a l, i n mu c h
’
un ev e n s c a le tho u w e i gh s t

All o the r s by th ys e lf .

Bu t he w ho m w e a tte mpt i s w i se r fa r
Th a n So lo mo n , of mo r e e x a lte d mi n d ,

M a de an d se tw ho lly on th e a c c o mpli s hme n t

O f gr e a te s t th i n gs .

Th e r e fo r e w i th ma n l i e r o bj e c ts we mu st tr y
H is c o n s ta n c y, w i th s u c h a s ha v e mo r e s ho w
Of w o r th, o f ho n o u r , glo r y, an d po pu la r pr a i s e
Ro c ks w h e r e o n gr e a te s t me n ha v e o fte s t w r e c ke d .
1

The progre s s ive id e a s w hich M i lt o n a ttrib u te d to S a ta n

h a ve not fa il e d Th a t Ce l e s ti a l City w h ich B u ny a n fo u nd
.

i t s o h a rd to re a ch h a s n o w b e com e a m e tropoli s o f w e a l t h
a n d fa s hion a n d the tri a l s w hich onc e b e s e t pilg r i ms toil
,

ing to w a rd s it a r e n o w tra n s fe rre d to thos e w h o w o u ld

pa s s b e yond it to a noth e r city s e e n from a fa r w ith t e mpl e s , ,

o f R e a s on a n d p a l a c e s o f J u s tic e .

Th e old ph a nt a s m s h a ve s hrunk to pupp e ts Th e tri a ls .

by p e rs on a l d e vil s a r e re l e ga te d to the re gion s o f in sa n i ty

a n d d ise a s e It is e ve ry w h e re a d a nc e o f pup p e ts though
.

o n a c e r e br a l s t a ge A l a dy w e ll k n o w n i n E dinburgh
.

re l a t e d to me a t e rribl e e xp e ri e nc e s h e h a d w ith the

d e vil She ha d invite d s om e o f h e r re l a tion s to vis it
.

h e r fo r s o m e d a ys ; but th e s e re l a tive s w e re U n it a ri a n s ,

a n d a fte r th e y h a d gon e
, h a ving e nte re d the room w hic h
,

the y ha d occupi e d s h e w a s s e iz e d by the d e vil thro w n o n

, ,

th e floor a n d h e r b a ck so s tra in e d th a t s h e h a d to k e e p
,

h e r be d fo r s om e tim e Thi s w a s to h e r th e U nit a ria n

.
‘

fi e nd o f w hich th e W e s l e ya n H ymn Book s a n g s o lon g ;

’
-

but e ve n the W e s l e y a n s h a ve n o w di s ca rd e d th e fa mous

cou p l e t a n d th e re mu s t be fe w w ho w ould not re cognise
,

th a t the old l a dy a t E di n burgh m e re ly h a d a totte ri n g

body re p re s e nting a fa iling mi n d .

I h a ve j u s t re a d a book i n w h i ch a l a dy in A me ric a re l a tes

h e r tri a l by the d e vil Thi s l a dy in h e r girl h o od w a s of
.
, ,

1
Pa r a d is e R e ga in e d, i i ’
.
 A H A UN TE D j E WE SS . 1 93

a chri s ti a n fa mily but she m a rri e d a ra bbi a n d w a s

,

b a ptiz e d into Jud a i s m A fte r s om e y e a rs o f h a ppy li fe a

.

te rribl e compunction s e iz e d he r ; s h e im a gin e d h e rs e l f lo s t

fo r e ve r ; s he b e c a m e ill A chri s ti a n ( Ba pti s t) mini s t e r
.

a n d h i s w i fe w e re the e vil s t a rs in h e r c a s e a n d w ith w h a t ,

te rrors th e y s urround e d th e poor J e w e s s ma y be ga th e r e d

from th e follo w ing e xtra ct .

S e th e n l e ft
h m e — th a t d e a r fri e nd l e ft me a lon e to my
God a n d to hi m I c a rri e d a l a c e ra te d a n d bl e e ding h e a rt
, ,

a n d l a id it a t the foot o f the cro s s a s a n a ton e m e nt fo r th e ,

multipli e d s in s I h a d committe d w h e th e r o f ignora nce or ,

w il fuln e ss ; a n d h o w s h a l l I proc e e d to po r tra y the h e a rt

fe lt a goni e s o f th a t night pre c e ding my d e live ra nc e fro m

th e s h a ft s o f Sa ta n ? Oh ! thi s w e ight thi s lo a d o f s i n , ,

thi s burd e n so intol e ra bl e th a t it cru s h e d me to the e a rth ;

—
fo r thi s w a s a d a rk hour w ith me th e d a rk e s t ; a n d I la y
c a lm to a ll a ppe a ra nc e but w ith cold p e rs pira tion dre n ch
, ,

i n g me nor could I c los e my e ye s ; a n d the s e w ord s a ga i n

,

s mot e my e a r N o re d e mption no re d e mption ; a n d the

, ,

t e mpte r c a m e inviting me w ith a ll h is bla ndi shm e nt a n d

, ,

p o w e r to
, follo w him to h i s court o f pl e a s ur e M y e y e s .

w e r e op e n ; I ce rt a inly s a w him dr e ss e d in the mo s t ph a n ,

ta s ti c s h a p e Thi s w a s no ill u s ion ; fo r he s oon a s s um e d

.

th e a pp e a ra nc e o f o n e o f th e ga y throng I h a d mingl e d

w ith in form e r d a y s a n d b e ckon e d me to follo w

,
I wa s .

a w a ke ,
a n d s e e m e d to li e on the bri n k o f a ch a s m a n d ,

s pirits w e r e d a ncing a round me a n d I m a d e s om e s light ,

o utcry a n d thos e d e a r girl s w a tching w ith me ca m e to me

, ,

a n d look e d a t me Th e y s a id I look e d a t th e m but could

.

n o t S p e a k a n d th e y moi s t e n e d my lip s a n d s a id I w a s
, ,

n e a rly go n e ; th e n I w hi s p e re d a n d th e y c a m e a n d look e d,

a t me a g a in but w ould not di s turb me

,
It w a s w e ll th e y .

d i d n o t; fo r the po w e r o f God w a s ove r me a n d a ng e l s ,

w e re a round me a n d w hi s p e ring s pirit s n e a r a n d I w hi s

, ,

V OL I I
. . N
1 94 CON VE RS I ON B y F E VE R .

p e re d t communion w ith th e m a s the y s urround e d

in sw e e ,

me a n d pointing to the thron e o f gra ce s a id Be hold ! ‘ ’

, , , ,

a n d I fe lt th a t th e glo r y o f God w a s a bout to m a ni fe s t

its e l f ; fo r a s hout a s i f a choir o f a ng e l s h a d tune d th e ir

,

gold e n h a rps burs t forth in Glory to Go d on high a n d

, ,
‘
,
’

di e d a w a y in s o fte s t s tra in s o f m e lody I li fte d up my .

e y e s to h e a v e n a n d th e r e s o n e a r a s to b e a lmos t w ithin
, ,

my re a ch the bright e s t vi s ion o f our Lord a n d Sa vio u r

,

s tood b e fo re me e nve lop e d w ith a li ght e th e r e a l mi s t

, , ,

so bright a n d y e t tra n s p a re nt th a t his divin e figure

could be s e e n di s tinctly a n d my e ye s w e re rive te d upon ,

him ; fo r thi s brig ht vi s ion se e m e d to touch my be d ,

s ta n d ing a t the foot s o n e a r a n d he s tre tch e d forth , ,

h is l e ft h a nd to w a rd me w hil s t w ith the right o n e h e ,

pointe d to the thron e o f gra c e a n d a vo ic e ca me s a y , ,

ing Bl e s s e d a r e th e y w ho c a n s e e God ; a ri s e ta k e
,
‘
,

up thy cro ss a n d follo w me ; fo r thou gh thy s in s be a s

s c a rl e t th e y s h all b e w hit e w ool A n d w it h my
’
as .

e y e s fix e d o n th a t bright vi s ion I s a w from the h a n d ,

s tre tch e d tow a rd me gre a t drop s o f blood a s i f from e a ch ,

finge r ; fo r hi s bl e s s e d h a n d w a s s pre a d ope n a s i f i n ,

pra ye r a n d those drops fe ll di stinctly a s i f upo n the

, ,

e a rth ; a n d a mi s ty light e nc i rcl e d me a n d a voic e a ga in ,

s a id Ta k e up My cros s a n d follo w fn e ; fo r though

,
‘

thy s i n s be a s s c a rl e t th e y s h a ll be w hit e a s w ool

’
.

A n d a n ge l s w e re a ll a round me a n d I s a w the thron e o f ,

h e a ve n A n d oh ! the s w e e t c a lm th a t s tol e ove r my

.
,

s e ns e s It mu s t h a ve be e n a fore ta s t e o f h e a ve nly bli s s

. .

H o w long I la y a fte r thi s be a uti ful vi s ion I kno w not ;

but w h e n I ope n e d my e ye s it w a s e a rly d a w n a n d I fe lt ,

s o h a ppy a n d w e ll M y young fri e nd s pre ss e d a roun d

.

my be d s id e to k n o w ho w I fe lt a n d I s a id I a m w e l l
, , ,

a n d s o h a ppy Th e y th e n s a id I w a s w hi s p e ring w ith

’
.

s o me o n e in my dre a ms a ll night I told th e m a nge l s .

 OF COUR A GE . 1 95

w e e r w ith me ; th a t I w a s not a s l e e p a n d I ha d s w e e t ,

c o mmunion w ith th e m a n d w ould s oon be w e ll

-
1 ’
.
,

Th a t i s w h a t the t e m p t a tion o f J e s u s in the w ild e rn e s s

c o m e s to w h e n di s loca t e d from i ts tim e a n d pl a ce a n d , ,

w ith i ts g a th e re d a g e s o f fa bl e i s import e d a t l a s t to be
,

a n e n gin e o f tortur e s prung on th e n e rv e s o f a d e vout

w om a n . Thi s J e w e s s w a s divorce d from he r hu s b a n d by

h e r Chri s ti a nity ; h e r child di e d a v ictim to pre cociou s

p i e ty ; but w h a t w e r e hom e a n d a ffe ction in ruin s com

p a r e d w ith s a lva tion from th a t fright ful d e vil s e e n i n h e r

h oly d e lirium
H i s tor y s how s th a t it h a s a l w a ys re quir e d unu s u a l
coura ge fo r a hum a n b e ing to con front a n e n e my b e li e ve d
to be p r ze te r n a tu r a l Thi s J e w e ss w ould proba bly h a ve
.

b e e n a bl e to fa ce a tige r fo r the s a k e o f he r hu s b a nd but ,

n o t th a t fa nt a s tic d e vil N o t long a go a n E ngli s h

.

a ctor was critici s e d be ca u s e in pl a ying H a ml e t h e

, ,

co w e re d w ith fe a r on s e e ing the gho s t a ll h i s s in e w s ,

a n d joint s s e e min g to giv e w a y ; but to me he a p

e a r e d th e n th e p e r fe ct typ e o f w h a t m a nkind h a v e
p
a l w a y s b e e n w h e n b e li e vin g th e m se lve s in the pr e s e nc e

o f p r aete r n a tu r a l pow e rs Th e limit o f coura g e in hum a n

.

n a ture w a s p a s s e d w h e n th e fo e w a s o n e w hich no e a rthly

po w e r or w e a pon could re a ch .

In old tim e s n e a rly a ll th e s orc e re rs a n d w itch e s w e re

,

w om e n ; a n d it ma y h a ve b e e n in s om e p a rt be ca u s e
, ,

w om a n ha d more re a l coura g e th a n ma n un a rm e d .

S orc e ry a n d w it c hcra ft w e re but th e s o c a ll e d p a ga n -

rit e s in th e ir la s t d e gr a d a tion a n d w o me n w e re th e l a s t
,

to a b a ndon the d e clini n g re ligio n ju s t a s th e y a r e the ,

l a s t to l e a ve the s upe rs tition w hich ha s follo w e d it Th e ir .

1 H e n ry Lu ri a ; o r , the Li ttle J e w ish Co n v e rt : be i n g

‘
c o n ta i n e d i n the
M e mo i r o f M r s S T Co he n , r e lic t o f the R e v D r A
. . . . . . H . Co he n , la te
Ra bbi of th e Syn a go gu e in Ri c hmo n d, Va 18
’
. 60 .
1 9 6 L UTH E R A N D TH E D E VI L .

se ntim e nt a n d a ffe ction w e re inte r tw i n e d w ith it a n d th e ,

thre a t s o f e t e rn a l to r ture by d e vils w hich fright e n e d me n

from the old fa ith to th e n e w w e re l e s s po w e rful to s h a k e
the fa ith o f w om e n W h e n p a ga n pri e s t s b e ca m e ch r i s
.

ti a n s pri e s t e ss e s re m a in e d to b e com e s orc e re s s e s T h e

, , .

n e w fa ith h a d gra du a lly to w i n th e love o f the se x to o

u s e d to m a rtyrdom on e a rth to fe a r it much in h e ll .

A n d n o w a ga in w h e n know l e d ge cl e a rs a w a y the o ld
, ,

t e rrors a n d m a ny me n a r e grow ing indi ffe re n t to a ll re li

,

gion be ca u s e no longe r fright e n e d by it w e ma y e xpe ct

, ,

the church e s to be incre a s ingly k e pt up by w om e n a lon e ,

s imply b e ca u s e th e y w e nt into t h e m more by a ttra ction

o f s a intly id e a l s th a n fe a r o f di a bolic a l m e n a c e s .

Thom a s Ca rlyl e ha s s e l e ct e d L uth e r s boldn e s s in th e

’

pre s e nce o f w h a t h e be li e ve d the D e v il to illu s tra t e h is

v a lour H is d e fi a nc e o f the D e vil s in W orm s s a y s Ca r
’
.
,

lyl e w as not a m e re boa st a s the lik e might be i f s p oke n

, ,

n ow . It w a s a fa ith o f L uth e r s th a t th e re w e re D e v ils

’

s piritu a l d e n iz e n s o f the Pit c o n tinu a lly b e se tting me n

, .

M a ny tim e s in h is w riti n gs thi s turn s up ; a n d a mos t

, ,

s m a ll s n e e r h a s b e e n ground e d on it by s om e I n the .

room o f the W a rtburg w h e re h e s a t tra n sl a ting the Bibl e

, ,

th e y s till s how you a bl a ck s pot on the w a ll ; the s tra nge

m e mori a l o f o n e o f th e s e conflicts L uth e r sa t tra n s l a ting
.

o n e o f the P s a lm s ; h e w a s w orn d o w n w ith long l a bour ,

w ith s ickn e ss a bs ti n e nc e from food ; th e re ro s e b e fore h i m

,

s om e hid e ou s i n d e fi n a ble Im a g e w hich h e took fo r th e

,

E vil O n e to forbid h i s w ork ; L uth e r s t a rt e d u p w it h

,

fi e n d d e fia n c e ; flung h is ink s ta nd a t th e s pe ctre a n d i t

-

di s a pp e a re d ! The s pot s till re m a ins th e re ; a cu r iou s

monum e nt o f s e ve ra l things A n y a poth e ca ry s a p p r e n
.
’

tic e c a n n o w t e ll u s w h a t w e a r e to think o f thi s a pp a ri

tion in a s ci e n tific s e n s e ; but the m a n s h e a rt tha t d a re
,
’

r i s e d e fi a nt fa c e to fa c e a g a in s t H e ll its e l f c a n give n o
, , ,
 TH E I N K S TA N D —
F E AR I N G D E VI L x 91
.

h i g he r proof o f fe a rl e ss n e s s The thing he w ill qu a i l .

b e f o re e x i s t s not on thi s e a rth n o r und e r —

i t fe a rl e ss
e n o u gh Th e D e vil i s a w a re w rit e s he on o n e occa s ion
‘ ’

, ,

‘
th a t thi s do e s not proc e e d out o f fe a r in me I h a ve .

s e e n a n d d e fi e d in n um e r a bl e D e vil s D uk e G e org e — of .
,
’

L e ipzig a gr e a t e n e my o f h is
, D uke G e org e i s not e qu a l
,

to o n e D e vil fa r s hort o f a D e vil ! I f I h a d bu s in e s s

’ ‘
,

a t L e ipzig I w ould rid e , i n to Le ipzi g though it ra ine d ,

D uk e G e org e s fo r nin e d a ys running W h a t a re s e r v oir .

’

o f D uk e s to rid e into !
1

A lthough L uth e r s coura ge c e rta inly a pp e a rs in thi s i t

’
,

i s pl a in th a t h is D e vil w a s much hum a ni s e d a s compa red

w ith the fe a r ful ph a n tom s o f a n e a rli e r tim e N obody .

w ould e ve r h a v e tri e d a n ink s ta nd on th e Gorgon s F uri e s , ,

L uci fe rs o f a nci e nt be li e f I n L uth e r s Bibl e the D e vil i s

’
.

e a —
pictur d s a monk a le a n monk s uch a s he him s e l f w a s ,

only too lik e ly to be com e if he continu e d his re b e llio n

a g a in s t th e Church ( Fig I 7 ) It w a s a ga ins t a D e vil li a bl e
. .

to re s i s ta nce by phys ica l force th a t h e hurl e d his ink

s ta nd , a n d a g a in s t w hom h e a l s o hurl e d th e cont e nts o f

h i s inks ta nd in thos e w ord s w hi c h R ichte r s a id w e re h a l f

ba ttl e s .

L uth e r s D e vil in fa ct re pre s e nts o n e o f the l a s t ph a s e s

’

, ,

i n the re duction o f the E vil Po w e r from a p e rs onifi e d

pha nto m w ith w hich no ma n could cop e to th a t imp e r ,

s on a l but a ll the more re a l mora l ob s truction w ith w hic h

e v e ry m a n ca n —
cop e i f only w ith a n ink s ta nd The .

horn e d mon s te r w ith cow l be a d s a n d cro ss i s a m e re , , ,

tra nspa re ncy th rough w hich e ve ry bra ve h e a rt ma y re cog

,

ni se the pra ctica l po w e r o f w rong a round him the e s ta b ,

lishe d e rror di s gui s e d a s re ligion w hich i s a bl e to t e mpt

, ,

a n d thre a te n him .

The te mpta tions w ith m e na ce d e s cribe d—those w hich ,

1
He roe s He r o
’
and -
w o rship , iv .
 CAR L YLE A N D H I S WI LD E R N E SS .

comi n g upon the w e a k n e rve s o f w om e n va nq u i s h e d th e i r ,

re a s on a n d h e a rt ; th a t w hich in a h e a l thy ma n r a i s e d , ,

—
va lour a n d po w e r ma y be t a ke n a s s id e lig h ts fo r a -

corre s ponding e xpe ri e nc e i n the li fe o f a gre a t ma n n o w

—
living Ca rlyl e him s e l f It w a s a t a pe riod o f youth w h e n
.
,

a mid th e lon e ly hill s o f Scotl a nd h e w a nd e re d out o f h a r ,

mony w ith the w orld in w hich he live d Co n s e cra t e d by .

piou s pa re nts to the minis try he ha d in w a rdly re nou n c e d

e v e ry dog m
,

a o f the Church W it h ge niu s a n d cult u re fo r

.

high w ork the w orld d e m a nd e d o f him lo w w ork Fri e n d

, .

l e s s a lon e poor h e s a te a ting h i s h e a rt proba bly w ith li ttl e

, , , ,

e l s e to e a t E v e r y Scotch p a rs on h e me t uncon s ciou s ly

.

propound e d to tha t youth the qu e s tion w h e the r h e co u ld

conve rt h is h e re tica l s tone into bre a d or pre cipita t e h i m ,

s e l f from the pinn a cl e o f th e Scotch K irk w ithout brui se s

Th e n it w a s he ro a m e d in h i s my s tica l w ild e rn e s s unti l h e ,

fou n d him se l f in the ga ye s t c a pita l o f th e w orld w hich , ,

h ow e ve r on him ha d littl e to be s to w but a furthe r s e n s e

,

o f lon e lin e s s .

N o w w h e n I l o ok b a ck it w a s a s tra n ge i s ol a tion I
, ,

th e n live d in The me n a n d w om e n a round me e ve n

.
,

s p e a king w ith me w e re but Figure s ; I h a d pra ctica lly

,

forgott e n th a t th e y w e re a live th a t th e y w e re not m e re ly ,

a utom a tic .In th e mid s t o f th e ir cro w d e d s tr e e ts a n d

a s se mbl a ge s I w a lk e d s olita ry ; a n d ( e xc e pt a s it w a s my
,

o w n h e a rt not a noth e r s tha t I k e pt d e vouring) s a va ge

’

, ,

a l s o a s i s the tig e r in hi s jungl e

,
Som e com fort it w ould .

h a ve b e e n could I like a Fa u st ha ve fa n ci e d myse l f

, , ,

te mpte d a n d torm e nte d o f a D e vil ; fo r a H e ll a s I ,

im a gine w ithout L i fe though only di a bo lic L i fe w e re

, , ,

more frightful : but in our a ge o f D o w n p u lli n g a n d D is

,
h a e —
b e li e f the ve ry e v il s be n pull e d do w n you ca n not
D
s o much a s b e li e ve in a D e vil To me th e Unive rs e w a s .

a ll void o f L i fe o f Pu r pos e o f Volition e v e n o f H o s ti lity

, , ,
 I N E UE s z: TH OM A S D E N F E R
’
. . 1 99

it was hug e d e a d imm e a s ura ble St e a m e ngine roll

on e , , ,
-
,

ing on i n i ts d e a d indi ffe re nc e to grind me limb fro m

, ,

limb Oh the va s t gl o o my s olita ry Golgoth a a n d M il l

.
, , ,

o f D e a th ! W hy w a s the Livi n g ba ni s h e d thith e r com ,

p a n i o n le s s con s ciou s ?, W h y i f th e r e i s no D e vil ; n a y , ,

u nl e ss th e D e vil i s your Go d
’
?

Fro m s uicid e a ce rta in a fte rs hin e o f Chri sti a nity w ith

h e ld me .
’

So h a d it l a s t e d a s in bitt e r protra ct e d D e a th a gony

, ,
-

through long y e a rs Th e h e a rt w ithin me unvi s it e d by

.
,

a n y h e a ve nly d e w drop w a s s mould e ring in s ulphuro u s , ,

s lo w con s uming fi r e
-
A lmo s t s inc e e a rli e s t m e mory I
.

h a d s h e d no te a r ; or onc e only w h e n I murmuring h a l f ,

a udibly re cit e d Fa u s ts D e a th s o n g th a t w ild Se lig a e r d en

’ ’

, ,

er i n : S i eg esg la n z e fi n de t ( H a ppy w hom Ire find s in B a t tl e s

’

s pl e ndour) a n d thought th a t o f thi s l a s t Fri e nd e ve n I w a s

,

not fors a k e n th a t D e s ti n y its e l f could not doom me not

,

to d i e H a ving no hope n e ith e r h a d I a n y d e finit e fe a r

.
, ,

w e re it o f M a n or o f D e vil ; n a y I o ft e n fe lt a s i f it might ,

be s ol a cing could th e A rch D e vil him s e l f though in Ta r -

t a re a n t e rrors ri s e to me th a t I might t e ll h i m a littl e o f

,

my mind A n d y e t s tra n g e ly e nough I liv e d in a con

.
, ,

ti n u a l ind e finit e pini n g fe a r ; tre mulou s pu s ill a n imou s

, , , ,

a ppre h e n s ive o f I kn e w not w h a t ; it s e e m e d a s i f a ll

things in the H e a ve n s a bo v e a n d the E a rth b e n e a th

w ould h u rt me ; a s i f th e H e a ve n s a n d the E a rth w e r e

but boundl e s s j a w s o f a d e vouring mon s t e r w h e re in I , ,

a lpit a ting w a it e d to be d e voure d

p , .

Full o f s uch humour a n d pe rh a ps the mi se r a ble s t ma n ,

i n the w hol e Fre nch Ca pit a l or Suburbs w as I o n e s ultry , ,

D ogd a y a ft e r much p e ra mbul a tion toiling a long the dirty

, ,

l ittl e R ue Sa zn te Tlw ma s dc I E rzf e r a mong civic rubbi s h

'
’

e nough in a clo s e a tmo s ph e re a n d ove r p a v e m e nts hot a s

, ,

N e bu c ha d n e z z a r s Furn a c e ; w h e re by doubtl e ss my s pirits

’
 TH E E VE R LA S TI N G N O .

we e r littl e ch e e re d w h e n a ll a t onc e th e re rose a Though t

i n me a n d I a s k e d mys e l f W h a t a r t thou a fra id o f ?
, ,
‘

W h e re fore lik e a co w a rd dos t thou fo r e ve r pip a n d

, ,

w himpe r a n d go c o w e ring a n d tre mbling ? D e s pic a bl e

,

bipe d ! w ha t is the s u m tot a l o f the w ors t th a t li e s be fore

-

the e ? D e a th ? W e ll D e a th ; a n d s a y the pa ngs o f

,

Toph e t too a n d a ll th a t the D e vil or M a n ma y w ill or c a n

, , ,

do a ga ins t th e e ! H a s t thou not a h e a rt ; ca n s t thou n o t

s u ffe r w h a ts o e ve r it be ; a nd as a Child o f Fre e dom , ,

though o u tca s t tra mpl e Tophe t its e l f und e r thy fe e t

, .

w hil e it con s um e s th e e ! L e t it com e th e n ; I w ill m e e t ,

it a n d d e fy it l A n d a s I so thought the re ru sh e d lik e a ,

s tre a m o f fi r e ove r my w hol e s oul ; a n d I s hook b a s e

Fe a r a w a y fro m me fo r e v e r I w a s s trong o f unkno w n .

,

s tre ngth ; a s pirit a lmo s t a god , E ve r from th a t ti me .

the t e mp e r o f my mi s e ry w a s ch a nge d : not F e a r or

w hining Sorro w w a s it but Indi gn a tion a n d grim fi r e ,

e y e d D e fi a nc e .

Thu s ha d the E VE R LASTI N G N O pe a l e d a uthorita ti v e ly

through a ll the re c e ss e s o f my Be ing o f my M E ; a n d th e n ,

w a s it th a t my w hol e M E s tood up in n a tive Go d cre a t e d ,

-

m a j e s ty a n d w ith e mpha s i s re cord e d i ts Prote st Such a .

Prote s t the mo s t importa n t tra n s a ction i n L i fe ma y th a t

, ,

sa m e Indign a tion a n d D e fi a nc e in a p s ychologica l poin t ,

o f vi e w be fitly c a ll e d
, Th e E ve rl a s ting N o ha d s a id
.
,

‘
Be h o ld thou a rt fa the rl e s s outca s t a n d the Unive rse is , ,

mi n e (the D e vi l s) to w hich my w hol e M e n o w ma d e

’

a nsw e r ,I a m not thin e but Fre e a n d fo r e ve r h a te

‘
, ,

the e ! ’

I t i s fro m thi s hour th a t I inclin e to d a t e my s pi r itu a l

N e w Birth or B a phom e tic fir e b a pti s m p e rh a p s I dire ctly
,
-

th e re u pon be ga n to be a M a n 1
.
’

P e rha ps he w ho so utte re d his Apa ge S a ta n a did not

1
Sa r to r Re sa r tus Cha p ma n Ha ll, 1 869, 1 60.
’
‘
. Lo n d o n : p .
 D I ABL E VA U VE R T . 2 01

rec ogn is e a mid w h a t h a unt e d E dom he w re s tl e d w ith h is

P h a n tom Sa int L oui s h a ving i nvite d the Ca rthus i a n
.
,

mo nk s to Pa ri s a s s ign e d th e m a h a bit a tio n in the F a n

,

b o urg Sa i n t J a cqu e s n e a r th e a nci e nt ch a t e a u o f Va uve rt

-

, ,

a ma nor built by R obe rt ( le D i a bl e ) but fo r a long tim e ,

th e n uninh a bit e d b e c a u s e in fe s t e d by d e mon s w hich h a d

, , ,

p e rh a p s b e e n fa l,
s e coin e rs F e a r ful ho w l s h a d b e e n h e a rd
.

th e re a n d s p e c tre s s e e n dra gging ch a in s ; a n d , in p a r

, ,

ti c u la r it w a s fre qu e n t e d by a fe a r ful gre e n mons t e r

, ,

s e rp e nt a n d ma n i n o n e w ith a long w hit e b e a rd w i e lding

, , ,

a hug e club w ith w hich he thre a t e n e d a ll w ho p a s s e d th a t

,

w ay . Thi s d e m o n in common be li e f p a s s e d a lon g the ro a d

, ,

to a n d from the ch a te a u in a fi e ry ch a riot a n d t w i s te d the ,

n e ck o f e ve ry hum a n b e ing me t on h i s w a y H e w a s ca ll e d .

the D e vil o f Va uv e rt The Ca rthu s i a n s w e re not frighte n e d

.

b y th e s e s tori e s bu t a s k e d L oui s to give th e m the M a nor

, ,

w hic h h e did w ith a ll i ts d e pe n de nci e s

,
A ft e r th a t nothing .

more w a s h e a rd o f the D i a bl e V a uv e rt or hi s imp s It w a s .

b u tfa ir to th e D e mon s w ho ha d a s s i s t e d the fri a rs in obta in

ing a va lu a bl e prope rty s o ch e a ply th a t the s tre e t s ho u ld
th e nce forth b e a r the n a m e o f R u e d E n fe r a s it doe s But ’
, .

the formid a bl e g e nii o f th e pl a c e h a unt e d i t s till a n d i n , ,

th e cours e o f tim e th e Ca rthu s i a n s prov e d th a t th e y coul d

,

u s e w ith e ffe ct a ll the t e rrors w hich th e D e vil s ha d l e ft

be h ind th e m The y r e pre s e nte d a gre a t mon e y coini n g

.
-

Chri s te ndo m w ith w hi c h fre e thin ki n g M ich a e l s h a d to con -

t e nd e ve n to the d a y w h e n a s w e h a ve ju s t re a d o n e o f
, , ,

the bra ve s t o f th e s e th e re e ncount e r e d h is V a uve rt d e vi l

a n d l a id him lo w fo r e ve r .

I w e ll re m e mb e r tha t w re tch e d stre e t o f St Thom a s .

le a ding into H e ll Stre e t a s i f th e P a ri s i a n a uthoriti e s, ,

re m e mb e ri n g th a t Thom a s w a s a doubte r me a nt to r e ,

mind the w a y fa re r th a t w hos o doubte th i s d a mn e d Ne a r .

by i s the co n v e nt o f St M ich a e l w ho m a k e s no w a r .
,
2 62 TH E LA I TE R D A Y CON FLI C I !
-

on the n e ighbou ing r R u e D ra gon

m e re . A ll n a me s —
idl e n a m e s ! A mong the thou sa nd s tha t cr o w d a lon g
t he m ho w ma ny p a u s e to not e the qu a intn e s s o f the
,

n a m e s on th e s tre e t l a mp s re m a ining the re fr o m fossi l

-

fe a rs a n d ph a ntom ba ttl e s long turn e d to fa iry lore Y et .

a mid th e m on th a t s ultry d a y i n o n e h e a rt w a s fou ght

, , ,

a n d w o n a ba ttl e w hich s umm e d u p a ll th e ir s e n se a n d

va lu e E v e r y H e ll w a s conqu e re d th e n a n d the re w he n
.

Fe a r w a s conqu e re d Th e re w h e n th e lo w e r Se l f w a s ca s t
.
,

dow n be n e a th the poi s e d s pe a r o f a Fre e M ind S t M ich a e l , .

a t l a s t ch a in e d h is dra gon Th e re L uth e r s ink s ta nd w a s

’
.

not only hurl e d bu t h it i ts m a rk ; th e re Ge t the e be h ind

, ,

me w a s s a id a n d ob e ye d ; th e re B u ddh a brought th e
’
, ,

a r c h fie n d M a ra to kn e e l a t h i s fe e t .

A n d it w a s by s ol e might o f a M a n Th e re fore ma y .

thi s be e mph a s i s e d a s the te mpta tion a n d triumph w hi c h

h a ve fo r u s to d a y the m e a ning o f a ll othe rs
-
.

A young ma n o f in te ll e ctu a l po w e r s e e ing b e yond a l l ,

th e conve ntion a l e rrors a ro u nd him w ithou t m e a n s fe e l , ,

i n g th a t ordin a ry w ork ho w e ve r honoura bl e w oul d fo r, ,

h i m m e a n fa ilure o f h is li fe — b e ca u s e fa ilure to c o n
—
tribute h i s l a rge r trut h to m a nkind he find s the te r
ribl e cos t o f h is a i m to be hunge r w a nt a li fe pa ss e d a mi d , ,

s u s picion a n d a li e n a tion w itho u t s y mp a thy lon e ly u n, , ,

—
love d a n d a l a s ! w ith a prob a bility th a t a ll th e s e los s e s
,

ma y i n volve lo s s o f j u s t w h a t th e y a r e incurre d fo r the ,

po w e r to m a k e good h is tru th A fte r giving up love a n d .

joy he ma y a fte r a ll be un a bl e to give livi n g s e rvice

, , ,

to h is tr u th but only a brok e n body a n d s he d bloo d

, .

Simil a r tri a l s in out e r form ha ve be e n e ncount e re d a ga in

a n d a g a in ; n o t only in the gre a t t e mpta tion s a n d triumphs

o f s a cr e d tra diti o n but p e rh a p s e ve n more ge nuin e ly in

,

the unkno w n liv e s o f m a ny piou s p e opl e a ll ove r the

w orld h a v e h u ng e r w a nt s u ffe ring b e e n conqu e re d by

, , , ,
 NE W CON D I TI ON S . 2 03

fa ith . But ra re ly a mid doubts R a re ly in the w a y o f .

S a int Thom a s in no fe a r o f h e ll or d e vil n o r in a n y hop e

, ,

o f r e w a rd in h e a v e n or on e a r th ; ra re ly ind e e d w it h out
,

a n y fe e ling o f a God t a king notice or b e li e f i n a nge l s ,

w a iti n g n e a r h a v e me n or w om e n triumph e d utt e rly o v e r

,

s e lf. A ll hi s to ry prov e s w h a t ma n c a n s a crific e on e a rth

fo r a n e te rn a l w e ight o f glory a bove W e kno w ho w .

c h e e r fully me n a n d w om e n c a n s i n g a t the s ta k e w he n ,

th e y fe e l the fir e con s uming th e m to be a ch a riot be a ring

th e m to h e a ve n . W e und e rs ta nd the va lour o f L uth e r
ma rching a ga in s t h i s d e vils w ith hi s hymn E in fe s t e ,
‘

Burg i s t un s e r G ott But it i s importa nt to know w h a t

’
.

ma n s high he a rt i s ca pa bl e o f w ithout a n y o f the s e e n

’

c o u r a ge me n ts or a i d s w h a t m a n s mor a l forc e w h e n h e
’

fe e l s him se l f a lon e For thi s mu s t be com e a n incre a s i n gly

.

mom e ntou s con s id e ra ti o n .

A lre a dy the e duc a t e d youth o f our ti me h a v e follo w e d

the w a n d e re r o f thre e s core y e a rs a go into th a t St Thom a s .

d E n fe r Stre e t w hich ma y be mora lly tra n s l a t e d a s the

’

p oi n t w h e r e m a n d oubt s e v e ry h e ll h e do e s not f e e l a nd ,

e ve ry cre e d h e c a nnot prove The old fe a rs a n d hope s

.

a r e fa ding fa s t e r from th e mind s a round u s th a n from

th e ir pro fe s s ion s Th e re mu s t be ve ry fe w sa n e p e opl e

.

n o w w h o a r e re s tra in e d by fe a r o f h e l l or promi s e s o f ,

future r e w a rd . W h a t th e n control s hum a n p a s s ion a n d

s e lfi s hn e ss ? For m a ny cu s tom ; fo r oth e rs
, h e re dit a ry ,

good n a ture a n d good s e n s e ; fo r s om e a s e n s e o f honour ; ,

fo r multitud e s th e fe a r o f la w a n d p e n a lti e s
,
It i s ve r y .

di fficult ind e e d a mid th e s e compl e x motive s to kno w h o w

, ,

fa r s impl e hum a n n a ture a cting a t i ts b e s t i s ca p a bl e o f

, ,

h e roic e ndura n c e fo r tr u th a n d o f pure p a ss ion fo r th e

,

right Thi s ca nnot be s e e n in those w ho inte ll e ctu a lly

.

r e j e ct the cre e d o f th e m a jority but con form to i ts ,

s ta nd a rds a n d purs u e i ts w orldly a dva nta ge s It mu s t .

2 04 TH E VI CTOR Y OF UN AI D E D M A M

be se en i f a t a ll in thos e w ho a r e r a dica lly se ve r e d fr o m

, ,

t e co ve ntio n a l a im s o
h n f the w orld — w ho s e e k n o t i ts ,

w e a lth nor i ts honours d e clin e i ts proud e s t titl e s d e fy i ts

, , ,

a uthority s h a re not i ts pro s p e cts fo r tim e

, or e te r n ity .

It mu s t be prove d by thos e the gra nd e ur o f w hos e a i ms ,

c a n ch a nge the s pl e ndours o f P a ri s to a w ild e rn e s s Th e s e .

ma y s ho w w h a t ma n a s ma n i s ca p a bl e o f w h a t m a y
, , ,

be h i s n e w birth a n d the re ligion o f h is s impl e m a nh o o d

,
. .

W h a t th e y think s a y a n d do i s not pre s cri be d e ith e r b y

, ,

hum a n or s up e rn a tura l com ma nd ; i n th e m you do n o t

s e e w h a t s oci e ty think s or s e cts b e li e ve or w h a t th e
, ,

pop u l a c e a ppl a ud Y o u s e e the individ u a l ma n build i n g

.

h is mora l e dific e a s g e nui n e ly a s bird s th e ir n e s ts by la w

, ,

o f h is o w n mora l con s titution It is a gre a t thi n g to kno w .

w h a t tho s e e dific e s a r e fo r s o a t l a s t e ve ry ma n w il l h a v e
,

to build i f he build a t a ll A n d if nobl e live s c a nnot be .

s o liv e d w e ma y be s ure th e c a re e r o f the hu ma n ra ce w i ll

,

be do w nhill h e nc e forth For a n y unbi a ss e d mind ma y

.

j udge w he th e r the t e nd e ncy o f thought a n d pow e r lie s

to w a rd or a w a y fro m the old hopes a n d fe a rs on w hi ch
th e re gim e o f the p a s t w a s found e d .

A gre a t a n d w i s e Te a ch e r o f our ti me w ho s h a re d w ith ,

Ca rlyl e h is lon e ly pi lgrim a g e ha s a dmoni s h e d hi s ge n e ra ,

t e —
tion o h t e mpt a tion s brought by ta l e nt s e lfis h u se o f
f ,

it fo r a mbitiou s e nd s on the o n e h a nd or w ithdra w a l into ,

fruitle s s s olitud e on th e oth e r ; a n d I ca nnot forbe a r clos

ing thi s cha pte r w ith his a dmon ition to his young count ry
me n forty y e a rs a go 1
.

Public a n d priva te a va rice m a k e s the a ir w e bre a the

thi c k a n d fa t The s chol a r is d e c e nt indol e nt c o m
.
, ,

pl a ce nt Se e a lre a dy the tra gic co n se qu e nce The mi n d

. .

1
The Ame r ica n Sc ho la r .
'
An O
ra tio n d e li v e re d be fo re the Phi Be t
a

Ka p pa So c ie ty at Ca mbr i dge (M as sa c huse tts ), Augus t 31 , 1 837 By Ra ph

l
.

W a ldo E me rso n .
 TH E S CH OL AR AN D TH E WOR LD . 20
5

o f thi s cou ntry ta ught to a im a t lo w obj e cts e a ts upon

, ,

i ts e l f Th e re i s no w ork fo r a n y but th e d e corou s a n d th e

.

c o mpl a ce nt .Young me n o f th e fa ire s t promi s e w ho ,

b e gi n li fe u pon our s hore s i n fl a t e d by the mount a in w ind s

, ,

s h in e d upon by a ll the s t a rs o f God find the e a rth b e lo w ,

n o t in u ni s on w ith th e s e but a r e hin d e re d from a ction by

,
-

the d is gu s t w hich the principl e s on w hich b u s in e ss i s

ma n a g e d in s pire a n d turn drudg e s or d i e o f di sgu s t , ,

s om e o f th e m s uicid e s W h a t i s the re m e dy ? Th e y did

.

n o t y e t s e e a n d thou s a nd s o f yo un g me n a s hop e ful n o w

, ,

c ro w d i n g to th e b a rri e rs fo r the c a re e r do not y e t s e e , ,

tha t i f the s ingl e ma n pl a nt him se l f indomit a bly on h is

i n s tincts a n d th e re a bid e th e hu ge w orld w ill com e round

, ,

to him .
— —
P a ti e nc e p a ti e nce ; w ith th e s ha d e s o f a ll the
g ood a n d gr e a t f o r comp a ny a n d fo r s ol a c e th e p e r s p e c ,

tiv e o f your o w n infinit e li fe ; a n d fo r w ork the s tudy a n d ,

the communic a tion o f principl e s the m a king tho s e i n ,

s ti n c ts pr e va l e nt the conv e rs ion o f th e w orld

, I s it n o t the .

c h i e f di s gr a c e i n the w orld — not to be a n unit not to be

r e ckon e d o n e ch a ra cte r ; not to yi e ld th a t pe culi a r fruit

w hich e a ch ma n w a s cre a te d to be a r — but to be re ckon e d,

i n th e gr o s s in the hundre d in the thou s a nd o f the p a r ty

, , ,

the s e ction to w hich w e b e long ; a n d our opinion pre dicte d

,

g e ogr a phic a lly a s t

,
h e north or t h e s outh ? N o t s o b r o ,

the rs a n d fri e nd s ple a se God ours s h a ll not be so W e

,
-

, .

w ill w a lk on our o w n fe e t ; w e w ill w ork w ith o u r o w n

h a nd s ; w e w ill s pe a k our o w n mind s

’
.
 C H APTE R X I X .

TH E M AN OF SI N .

Hi n du —
myth Gn o sti c the o r i e s — O ph i te s c h e me o f r e d e mp ti o n
Ra bbi n i c a l tr a d iti o n s o f p r i mi ti v e ma n — P a u l i n e Pe s s i mi s m

La w of d e a th—Sa ta n
’
s o w n e r shi p of —
ma n Re d e mpti o n o f th e

e le c t Co n te mpo ra r y Ba p tis m
s ta te E x o r c i sm
me n ts Th e
n e w ma n s
’
— h a s —
fo o d E u c r i t H e r b e r t Spe n c e r s e x pla n a ti o n
’

— —
P r imiti v e id e a s Le ge n d s o f Ad a m a n d Se th Ad a mi te s A —
M o rmo n M ys te r y ’
o f i n i ti a ti o n .

IN a H indu myth , D hr u bo in fa nt d e vote e p a s s e d mu c h

,
an ,

ti me i n a jungl e s urround e d by fe rociou s be a s ts i n d e vo

, ,

ti o n a l e x e r ci s e s o f s uch e xt ra ordin a r y m e rit th a t V i s hn u

e r e ct e d a n e w h e a v e n fo r him a s the r e w a rd o f h i s pi e t y .

V i s hnu e ve n l e ft h i s o w n h a ppy a bod e to s u pe rint e nd th e

con s tr u ction o f thi s s pe ci a l h e a ve n I n H e bre w my th o .

logy the fa vourite s o n th e cho se n p e opl e is c a ll e d out o f

, ,

E gypt to d w e ll in a n e w hom e a promi s e d l a nd n o t i n , ,

h e a ve n but on e a rth Th e id e a commo n to th e tw o i s th a t

.

o f a contr a s t b e t w e e n a n a tura l a n d a c e l e s ti a l e nviron

—
m e nt a jungl e a n d be a s ts bond a ge a n d di s tre s s ; a n e w
, ,

h e a v e n a l a nd flow i n g w ith milk a n d hon e y — a n d th e

, ,

corre s pond e nce w ith the s e o f the e l e ct child D h r u bo or ,

I s ra e l .

T h e t e nd e ncy o f Chri s t s mind a pp e a rs to h a v e be e n

’

ra th e r in th e A rya n dire ction ; h e pointe d h i s fr i e nd s to a

ki n gdom not o f thi s w o r ld a n d to h is Fa th e r s ma ny ma n
,
’

s ion s in h e a v e n But the H e bre w fa ith in a me s s i a nic

.
 GN O S TI C TH E OR I E S . 2 07

re ign in this w o r ld w a s too s trong fo r hi s dre a m ; a n e w

e a rth w a s a pp e n d e d to th e n e w h e a ve n a n d b e c a m e gr a ,

d u a lly p a ra mount but thi s n e w e a rth w a s re pre s e n te d

,

o nly by the s m a ll s oci e ty o f b e li e v e rs w h o m a d e th e body

o f Chri s t the m e mb e rs in w hich h is blood flo w e d

. .

Th a t gre a t c a uldron o f con fu s e d s upe rs tition s a n d my s

ti c i s ms w hich the R om a n E mpire b e c a m e a fte r the ove r

throw o f J e ru s a l e m form e d a thick s c u m w hich h a s p a s s e d

,

u nd e r the va gu e n a m e o f Gnos tici s m The pri mitive .

n otion s o f a ll r a c e s w e re cont a in e d in it ho w e ve r a n d , ,

th e y ga th e re d in the s e cond a n d third c e nturi e s a c e rta in

c on s i s t e ncy in th e s y s t e m o f th e Ophit e s In the be gin .

n ing e xi s t e d By t hos (th e D e pth) ; h i s firs t e m a n a tion a n d

c on s ort i s E n n o za ( T hought ) th ir fir t d ught r
’

e s a e i s

P n e u ma ( Spirit ) th e ir s e cond S op/ti c ( W i s dom ) Sophi a s

’

, .

e ma n a tion s a e t o
r w — one p e rfe c t Chri s tos the othe r,

i mpe rfe ct Sophi a A ch a moth ,

w ho
-
re s pe ctive ly gui d e
,

a ll th a t proc e e d from God a n d a ll th a t proc e e d from

M a tt e r Sophi a u n a bl e to a c t dire ctly upon a nything s o
.
,

gros s a s M a tt e r or unord e re d a s Ch a os e mploys h e r i m ,

p e rfe ct d a ught e r Sophi a A cha moth fo r th a t purpose Bu t

-
.

s h e finding d e light in imp a rting li fe to in e rt M a tt e r be

, ,

c a me a mbitiou s o f cre a ting in th e a bys s a w orld fo r h e rs e l f .

T o thi s e n d s he p rod u c e d th e D e miurgu s I ld a ba o th ( oth e r

w i s e J e hov a h ) to be cre a tor o f the m a t e ri a l w orld A ft e r .

thi s Sophi a A ch a moth s hook o ff M a tte r in w hich s he h a d

-

b e com e e nt a ngl e d but I ld a ba o th ( s o n o f D a rkn e s s ) pro ‘ ’

c e e d e d to produc e e m a n a tion s corre s ponding to tho se o f

By tho s in the u pp e r univ e rs e A mong hi s cre a tion s w a s

.

M a n but h i s ma n w a s a s oull e ss mon s t e r cra w ling on the

,

grou n d Sophi a A ch a mot h m a n a ge d to tra n s fe r to M a n

.
-

th e s m a ll r a y o f divin e light w hich I ld a ba o th ha d inh e rit e d

fro m he r primitive M a n b e ca m e thu s a divi n e
’
The .
‘

be ing I ld a ba o th n o w e ntire ly e vil w a s e nra ge d a t ha vin g

.
, ,
 OPH I TE S CH E M E OF R E D E M PTI ON

prod u ce d be ing w ho h a d be com e s u pe rior to h i mse lf

a ,

a n d h i s e nvy took s h a p e in a s e rpe nt form e d S a ta n

'

Op lu a -

w a rp/ms H e i s the conc e ntra tion o f a ll th a t i s m os t b a se

.

i n M a tt e r conjoi n e d w ith a s pi r itu a l inte ll ig e nc e

,
T h e ir .

a nti Jud a i s m le d th e
-
Ophite s to id e nti fy I ld a b a o th a s
J e hova h a n d thi s s e rp e nt s o n o f h i s a s M icha e l ; th e y
,
-

a l s o ca ll e d him Sa m a e l I ld a ba o th th e n a l s o cre a te d th e
.

a nim a l v e g e t a bl e
,
a n d min e ra l kingdom s w ith a ll th e ir
, ,

e vil s . R e s olving to confin e ma n w i thin h is o w n l o w e r

dom a in he forb a d e him to e a t o f the Tre e o f K no w le d ge
, .

To d e fe a t hi s s ch e m e w hich h a d a ll be e n e volve d o u t o f
,

h e r o w n t e mpora ry fa ll Sophi a A ch a moth s e nt h e r o w n

,
-

g e niu s a l s o i n form o f a s e rpe nt Ophi s to induc e M a n to

, , ,

tra n s gre s s the tyra nt s comm a nd E v e s u ppos ing O p h is

'
.

the s a m e a s O p h i o mo r p ho s re ga rd e d th e prohibi ti on ,

a g a in s t the fruit a s w i thdra w n a n d re a dily a te o f it Man .

thu s b e ca m e ca pa bl e o f und e rs ta nding h e a ve nly mys t e r i e s ,

a n d I ld a ba o th m a d e h a s te to impri s on him in th e dunge o n

o f M a tt e r H e a l s o puni s h e d Ophi s by m a king h i m e a t

.

du st a n d thi s h e a ve nly s e rpe nt conta min a te d by M a tt e r

, , ,

ch a ng e d from M a n s fri e nd to hi s fo e Sophi a Acha m o th

’
.
-

h a s a l w a ys s trive n a ga in s t th e se tw o Se rp e nts w ho bi n d ,

ma n to the body by corrupt d e s ire s ; s he s uppli e d ma n

kind w ith divin e l ight through w hich th e y be ca m e s e n si bl e
,

o f e a e —
th ir n k dn e ss the mi s e ry o f th e ir condition Ild a .

ba o th s s e ductive a g e nt s g a in e d control ove r a ll the o ff

’

S pring o f A d a m e xc e pt Se th typ e o f th e Spiritu a l M a n

, .

So phi a A ch a moth mov e d By th o s to s e nd do w n h e r p e r

-

fe e t broth e r Chri s tos to a id the Spiritu a l R a ce o f Se th .

Chri sto s d e s ce nd e d throu gh the s e ve n pl a n e ta ry re gions ,

a s s uming s u c e ss i v e ly form s re l a t e d to e a ch a n d e nt e re d ,

i nto the ma n J e s u s a t th e mom e nt o f h is b a pti s m Ilda .

b a o th di scove ring him s tirre d u p th e J e w s to put him to

, ,

d e a th ; but Chri s to s a n d Sophi a a b a ndoning the ma te ria l ,

 R ABB I N I CA L TR A D I TI ON S . 2 09

b o dy J e s u s on th e cros s ga ve him o n e m a d e o f
of ,

e th e r H e nce hi s moth e r a n d di s cip le s could not re cog

.

ni s e him H e a s ce nd e d to the M iddl e Spa c e w h e re he

. ,

s it s by th e right h a nd o f I ld a ba o th thoug h unp e rc e iv e d ,

by the l a tt e r a n d putti n g forth e ffort s fo r purifica tion o f

, ,

m a nki n d corre s ponding to thos e put forth by I ld a ba o th

fo r e vil h e i s coll e cting a ll th e S piritu a l e l e m e nts o f the
,

w orld into th e kingdom w hich i s to ove rthro w th a t o f th e

E n e my 1
.

N otw ith s t a nding the a n i mos ity s ho w n by the Ophit e s

tow a rd s the J e w s mos t o f the e l e m e nt s in th e ir sys t e m a r e
,

pl a gi a ri se d from the J e w s Accordi n g to a nci e nt ra bbini .

c a l tra dition s A d a m a n d E v e by e a ti n g th e fruit o f th e

, ,

lo w e s t re g ion fe ll through the s i x re gion s to the s e ve nth

,

a n d lo w e s t th e y w e re th e re brought und e r control o f th e

pre viou s ly fa ll e n Sa m a el w ho d e fi le d th e m w ith h is s pittl e , .

Th e ir n a k e dn e s s con s i s t e d in th e ir h a vi n g los t a n a tura l

prot e ction o f w hich only our fin ge r n a il s a r e l e ft ; ot he rs -

s a y th e y lo s t a cov e ring o f h a ir Th e J e w s a l s o from o f

2
.

old conte nd e d th a t Se th w a s the s o n o f Ad a m in w ho m ,

re tu rn e d th e divi n e n a ture w ith w hich ma n w a s origin a lly

e ndo w e d W e h a ve ind e e d only to id e nti fy I ld a ba o th
.
, ,

w ith E lohim i n s t e a d o f J e hov a h to p e rc e ive th a t th e

Ophite s w e re follo w i n g J e w i s h pre c e d e nt s i n a ttribut
ing th e n a tura l w orld to a fi e nd Th e link b e t w e e n th e .

tw o conc e ption s ma y be di s cov e r e d in th e w r i ti n gs o f

Pa ul .

Pa ul s p e ss imi s tic conce ption o f thi s w orld a n d o f

’

hum a n n a ture w a s ra dic a l a n d it m a inly form e d the ,

mould in w hich dogm a tic Chri s ti a nity s ub s e qu e nt ly t o ok

1
The r e la ti o n s o f this sys te m to th o se o f v a r io u s c o u n tr i e s a re s ta te d by
P r o fe ss o r K i n g i n his w or k Th e G n o s ti cs an d the i r Re ma i n s .

1
I n the Ar c h i te c tu ra l M us e u m, W e stmi n ste r , the r e is an o ld
p i c tu r e w hi ch

po ss i bly r e pre s e n ts the ha i ry Ada m .

V OL I I . .
2 ro PA OLI N E PE SSI M I S M

s h a pe . H is ge n e ra l th e ology
r ve s ty o f th e c rea tio n is a ta
o f th e w orld a n d o f ma n A ll th a t w ork o f E l o h i m w a s . ,

by implica tion n a tu r a l tha t i s to s a y di a bo l i c a l The

, , , .

e a rt h a s th e n cre a te d be longe d to the Prince o f th i s w orld ,

w h o w a s th e a uthor o f s i n a n d i ts con s e qu e nce d e a th In , , .

A d a m a ll d i e Th e n a tura l ma n i s e n mity a g a i n s t Go d
.

he i s o f th e e a rth e a rthy ; hi s fa th e r i s th e d e v il ; h e c a nn o t
kno w s piritu a l th ings: A ll m a n kind a r e born s p i r i tu a lly
d e a d Chri s t i s a n e w a n d divin e r D e miurgo s e n ga ge d
.
,

in the w ork o f producing a n e w cre a tion a n d a n e w

ma n . For hi s purpo s e the old la w circumci s i o n o r u n ,

circ u mci s ion a r e o f no a va il or importa nc e bu t a n e w

, ,

cre a ture H is d e a th i s the s ymbol o f m a n s d e a t h to the

.
’

n a tu ra l w orld h is re s urre ction o f m a n s ri s ing into a n e w

,
’

w orld w hich m e r e fl e s h a n d blood c a nnot inh e rit As .

God bre a th e d into A d a m s nos tril s th e bre a th o f li fe the ’

Spirit bre a th e s upon the e l e ct o f Chri s t a n e w mind a n d

n e w h e a rt .

The n e w cre a ture m u s t inh a l e a n e ntir e ly n e w phys ica l

a tmo s ph e re W h e n P a u l s p e a k s o f the Princ e o f the
.
‘

Pow e r o f the A i r it mu s t not be s uppos e d th a t he i s only

,
’

m e ta phorica l O n thi s ho w e ve r w e mu s t d w e ll fo r a li tt le
.
, ,
.

Th e a i r w rit e s Burton i n h i s A n a tomy o f M e l a ncholy

’ ’
‘
, ,

Th e a i r i s not s o fu ll o f fli e s in s um me r a s it i s a t a ll .

t i m e s o f i n vi s ibl e d e vil s Th e y count e rfe it s uns a n d .

moon s a n d s it on s hips m a s ts Th e y c a u s e w hirl w inds

,
’
.

o f a s u dd e n a n d t e mp e s t u ou s s torm s w hich though our

, ,

m e te orologi st s ge n e ra lly re fe r to n a tura l c a u se s y e t I a m ,

o f Bodin e s mind th e y a r e mor e o ft e n ca u s e d by those

’

a e ri a l d e vil s in th e ir s e v e ra l qu a rt e r s Ca rd a n give s mu ch .

in form a tion conce rni n g th e m H is fa the r ha d o n e o f the m .

,

a n a e ri a l d e vil bound to hi m fo r e ight a n d t w e nty ye a rs ;

,

a s A gripp a s dog h a d a d e vil t i e d to h is coll a r Some

’
.

thi n k th a t P a ra c e ls u s h a d o n e con fin e d in hi s s w ord po m

 A E RI AL D E VI L S . 21 r

me l . O th e rs w e a r th e m in a n d s o the old ma n run s

o n ,
s p e cul a ting a bo u t th e my s t e riou s cob w e bs coll e ct e d in

th e c e ili n g o f h i s bra in .

T h e a tm o s ph e r e m e nt a lly bre a th e d by Burton a n d h i s

a u thoriti e s w a s ind e e d ch a rge d w ith invi s ibl e ph a nt a s m s ;

a n d e ve ry o n e o f th e m w a s in i ts origin a g e nuin e int e l

l e ctu a l e ffort to int e rp re t the phe nom e n a o f n a ture It i s .

n o t w ond e rful th a t th e a nci e nt s s hould h a v e a s crib e d to a

d i a bolic a l s o u rce the s ubtle d e a th s th a t s truck a t th e m

fro m the a i r A s ingl e bre a th o f th e invi s ibl e poi s on o f
.

th e a i r mi ght la y lo w th e s tron ge s t E ve n a ft e r ma n ha d
.

com e to und e rs ta nd h is vi s ibl e foe s the d e a dly a nim a l ,

o r pl a nt h e could only cow e r a n d pra y b e fore th e lurkin g

,

po w e r o f mi a s m a a n d in fe ction the po w e r o f the a i r Th e

, .

Tynd a ll s o f a primitive tim e s tudi e d du s t a n d di s e a s e ,

a n d c a ll e d th e w ing e d s e e d s o f d e c a y a n d d e a th a e ri a l
‘

d e vil s a n d pre p a re d the w a y fo r M e phi s toph e l e s (d e vil o f

’
,

s me ll s) a s h e in turn fo r th e ba c t
,
er i a l d e mon o f mod e rn

s ci e nc e .

Th e re w e re not w a nti n g th e ologic e xpl a n a tion s w hy

the s e m a lig n a nt b e ings s hould find th e ir d w e lling pl a ce in -

the a i r Th e y h a d b e e n drive n out o f h e a ve n Th e e th e ri a l

. .

re a lm a bove th e a i r w a s re s e rve d fo r th e good Of th e .

d e mon s th e H indu s s a y Th e ir fe e t touch not the ground

, .
’

‘
W h a t ma n o f virtu e i s th e re s a id Titu s to hi s s oldi e rs
,
’
,

w ho do e s not know th a t tho s e s oul s w hich a r e s e v e re d

‘

fro m th e ir fl e s hy bodi e s in b a ttl e s by th e s w ord a r e r e

c e iv e d by t — —
h e mth e r th a t pure s t o f e l e m e n t s a n d joi n e d
to th a t comp a ny w hich a r e pl a c e d a mong th e s ta rs ; tha t
the y b e com e god s d ae mon s a n d propitiou s h e ro e s a n d
, , ,

sh o w th e m s e lv e s a s s uch to th e ir po s t e rity a ft e rw a rd s ?
’
1

Ma lign a nt s pirit s w e re be li e ve d to hold a more undi s pute d

sw a y ov e r the a tmos ph e re th a n ov e r the e a rth a lthough ,

1
o se phu s,
J W a r s o f the Je w s ,
’
vi . 1 .
zra SPI R I TS I N H I GH PLA CE S .

our pl a n e t w a s ma i n ly i n th e ir po w e r a n d th e s u bj e cts o f ,

th e h igh e r e mpire a l w a y s a s m a ll colony 1

M o r e ove r . ,

th e re w a s a n a tura l t e nd e ncy o f d e mon s w hi c h o r i gi na lly ,

re pre s e nte d e a rthly e vil s w h e n th e s e w e re co n q u e r e d by

,

hum a n int e llig e nc e to p a ss into the re a l m l e a s t a c c e s s ible

,

to s ci e nc e or to control by ma n Th e uncha r te d w in ds .

be ca m e th e ir re fuge .

Thi s be li e f w a s ge n e ra l a mong th e Chri s ti a n F a th e r S

2
,

l a s te d a ve ry long tim e e ve n a mon g the e duca t e d a n d is ,

s till th e t e a chi n g o f the R om a n Ca tholic Churc h as any ,

o n e ma y s e e by r e a ding th e a uthori s e d w ork o f M gr .

Ga u me on H oly W a t e r ( p So long a s i t w a s
‘ ’
.

a dmitt e d a mong thinking p e opl e th a t th e min d w a s a s

comp e te nt to build fa cts upon th e ory a s th e ori e s o n fa ct ,

a gre a t d e a l might be pl a u s ibly s a id fo r thi s a tm o s p h e r ic

di a bol a rchy In the d a ys w h e n w itchcra ft w a s fi r s t c a l le d

.

in qu e s tion Gla n v i l a rgu e d th a t s ince thi s littl e Sp o t is

,
‘

s o thickly p e opl e d in e ve ry A tom e o f it tis w e a kn e s s to

’

think tha t a ll the va s t s pa c e s A bove a n d hollo w s u n d e r

Grou n d a r e d e se rt a n d uninh a bite d a n d he a n ticipa t e d ,
’

th a t a s micros copic s ci e nce might re ve a l furth e r p o p u la

,

tion s in pl a c e s s e e mingly va ca nt it w ould n e ce s s ita te the ,

b e li e f th a t the re gion s o f th e uppe r a i r a r e inha bite d “

.

Oth e r l e a rn e d me n conclud e d th a t the s pirits tha t lodg e

th e re a r e s uch a s a r e clogg e d w ith e a rthly e l e m e nts ; th e
ba s e r s ort; d w e lling in cold a i r th e y w ould like to inh a bi t ,

the more s h e lt e re d e a rth In re pa ym e nt fo r broth a n d .

,

va riou s di e te tic horrors pro ffe re d th e m by w itch e s th e y ,

e n a bl e th e m to p a s s fre e ly through th e ir r a lm
e — th e a i r .

1
Tho se w ho w i sh to p u rsu e the ma y c o n su lt Plu ta r c h , Philo
su bj ec t ,

J o se phus, B i o g L a e r ti
. u s ; a lso E ise n me n ge r, W e tste in , E ls n e r , D o u ghtaei ,
Li ghtfo o t, Su p Re lig , &c
. . .

1
Se e Su pe r n a tu r a l Re li gi o n ,
’
v ol 4 . i5, f
. o c h.
r a m l
pe and re fe re n c es c o n

c e r n in g t
h e se s u pe rs ti ti o n s a mo n g bo th Je w s a n d Ch r isti a n s .

Sa d uc ismu s, p 53
1 ’
. .
 TH E F A SH I ON OF THI S W OR L D . 2 13

Out o uch inte ll e ctu a l a tmos ph e re c a m e Pa ul s

f s
’

s e n t e n ce E h ii bout h Princ f h Po r
( p ) t f h
‘
2 a . t e . e o e w e o t e

A ir .
’
It w a s a Spiritu a li sa tion o f th e e xi s ti n g a e ri a l d e
m o n ology W h e n P a ul a n d h i s comp a n ion s ca rri e d th e ir
.

r e li iou s a git a tion into th e c e ntr e s o f l a rning a d w lth

g e n e a ,

a n d bro u ght th e t e a chings o f a Je w to con front th e t e mpl e s

o f G re e c e a n d R om e th e y found th e m s e lve s unre l a t e d to

,

th a t gre a t w orld It h a d a noth e r h a bit o f mind a n d fe e l

.

i n g a n d the id e a gre w in him th a t it w a s th e S pirit s

,

o f th e Sa t a nic w orld cou nt e ra cting the s pirit s e nt on

e a rth from th e divin e w orld Thi s a nim a te d i ts fa s hio n s
.
,

philos ophy s ci e nc e a n d lit e ra ture H e w a rn s the Church

, , .

a t E ph e s u s th a t th e y w ill n e e d th e w hol e a rmour o f G o d ,

b e c a u s e th e y a r e w re s tling not w ith m e re fl e s h a n d blood ,

but a ga in s t th e rul e rs o f th e w orld s d a rkn e ss th e e vil ’

s pirits in high pl a c e s — th a t i s in the A i r , .

A s h e irs o f thi s n e w n a ture a n d n e w w orld w ith i ts n e w ,

a tmo s ph e re purch a s e d a n d e n do w e d by Chri s t th e P a ulin e

, ,

th e ory furth e r pre s u p po s e s tha t the n a tura l ma n h a vi n g ,

di e d i s buri e d w ith Chri s t i n b a pti s m ri s e s w it h him

, , ,

a n d i s th e n s e a l e d to him by th e H oly G hos t For a .

l ittl e tim e s uch mu s t s till he a r a bout th e m th e ir fl e shy

b odi e s but s oon Chri s t s h a ll com e a n d th e s e vil e
, ,

bodi e s s h a ll be ch a nge d into hi s lik e n e ss ; m e a nw hil e

the y mu s t k e e p th e ir bodi e s in s ubj e ction e ve n a s ,

Pa u l d id by h e a ti n g it bl a ck a n d blu e
,

a n d a w a it th e ir d e live r a nc e from the body o f th e d e a d

w o rld th e y h a v e l e ft but w hich s o fa r i s p e rmitt e d to

,

a dhe re to th e m Thi s conce ption h a d to w ork its e l f out

.

i n myth s a n d dogm a s o f w hich P a ul kn e w nothi n g .

‘
I f a n y ma n com e a fte r me a n d h a t e not hi s fa th e r
a n d moth e r n t r l li l o
a n d his o w n
, ( a u a ) fe a s h e c a n ,

n o t be my di s cipl e Th e n e w ra c e w ith w hich the n e w

’
.

c re a tion w a s in tra va il w a s logic a lly di s cov e re d to n e e d a

2 14 TH E N E W M O TH E R .

n ew M oth e r as we ll a s a new Fa the r E v e ry n a tu r a l

.

moth e r w a s s ubj e ct e d to a s t a in th a t it might b e a ffi r m e d

Fig
.
7
.
—A mm Src mn o Co n r a a cr roa ms Po s r s a r r v
' -
r o A
S T AN .

th a t only one moth e r was —

imm a cul a t e s he w ho s e co n
 SA TA N S O WN E R SH I P OF M A N
’
. 2 15

c e p ti o n up e rn a tura l not o f th e fl e s h M a rri a ge

w as s , .

b e ca m e a n indulg e nc e to s i n (w ho s e purch a s e mon e y s u r -

v ive s s till in t h e m a rri a g e fe e ) The mon a s t e ry a n d the -

.

n u nn e ry re pre s e nt e d thi s n e w a s c e tic ki n gdom ; tha t

p e rilo u s w ord w orldli n e s s
‘
w a s tra n s mitt e d to be the
’

s ourc e o f in s a nity a n d hypocri s y .

H a ppily the common s e n s e a n d s e ntim e nt o f m a nkind

,

ha v e s o s t e a dily a n d s ucc e s s fully w o n b a ck th e outl a w e d

inte re s ts o f li fe a n d the w orl d th a t it re q u ire s s om e r e ,

s e a rch i n to e ccl e s i a s tic a l a rch ae ology to compre h e nd the

origina l s ignific a nce o f the symbol s in w hich it s urvive s .

Th e a nci e nt ra bbin s limit e d the nu mb e r o f s oul s w hich

h a n g on A d a m to but th e chri s ti a n th e o lo
' ’

gi a n s e xt e nd e d the figure s to i n clud e the hum a n ra ce .

Proba bly e ve n s om e orthodox p e opl e ma y be s c a nd a lise d

a t th e id e a o f th e fa th e rs ( Ir e n a m s fo r e x a mp le
) th a t a t -

, , ,

th e Fa ll th e h u m a n ra c e b e c a m e Sa t a n s right ful prop e rty

’

, ,

did th e y s e e it in th e picture copi e d by Bu s la e f from a n ,

a nci e nt R u s s i a n Bibl e in poss e s s ion o f Count U v a r o f

, .

A d a m give s Sa t a n a w ritt e n contra ct fo r him s e l f a n d h is

d e s ce n d a nt s ( Fig A n d y e t a ccording to a re ce nt s ta t e
.
,

m e nt the R e v M r Sim e on re c e ntly pre a che d a s e rmon in

, . .

th e Church o f St A ugu s tin e K ilburn L ondon to prove ‘

.
, , ,

th a t th e rul e r o f the w orld i s th e d e vil H e s t a te d th a t the .

C re a tor o f the w orld h a d give n the control o f the w orld to

o n e o f h i s chi e f a ng e l s L uci fe r w h o ho w e v e r h a d go n e to
, , , ,

gri e f a n d don e hi s utmos t to ru in th e w orld Since th e n

,
.

th e Cre a tor a n d L uci fe r ha d b e e n continu a lly s trivin g to

Ch e ckm a t e e a ch oth e r A s Lu ci fe r i s s till th e Princ e o f

.

thi s w orld it w ould s e e m th a t it i s n o t h e w h o ha s be en

,

b e a te n y e t A popul a r pre a ch e r in A me r i c a R e v D r
’
1 . . .
,

Ta l ma g e s t a t e s th e ca s e a s follow s
,

M o r n i n g N e w s, N a ti o n a l Re fo r me r , De c e m
’
1 ’
d i n the ‘
Ea s te rn qu o te

be r r 7, 1 877 .
z16 R E D E M P TI ON :
‘
I turn to the sa m e old book a n d I find out th a t the ,

So n o f M a ry w ho w a s th e So n o f God the d a rling o f

, ,

h e a ve n the cha mpion o f the a ge s by s om e ca ll e d Lord

, , ,

by s om e ca ll e d J e s u s by oth e rs ca ll e d Chri s t but this , ,

morning by u s ca ll e d by the thre e bl e sse d titl e s Lo rd ,

J e s u s Chri s t by o n e m a gnific e nt s trok e m a de it pos s ible

,

fo r u s a ll to b e sa v e d H e not only told u s tha t th e re w a s

.

a h e ll but he w e nt into it H e w a lke d dow n th e fie ry

, .

s te e ps H e s t e ppe d o ff th e bottom rung o f th e long l a dd e r

.

o f d e s p a ir H e d e s c e nd e d into h e ll
. H e put h is ba re .

foot on th e hott e s t co a l o f th e fi e rc e s t furn a ce .

H e e xplor e d the d a rk e s t d e n o f e te rn a l midnight a n d ,

th e n H e c a me forth l a c e ra te d a n d s c a r i fie d a n d bl e e ding ,

a n d m a ul e d by the h a nd s o f i n fe rn a l e xcruci a tion to cry ,

out to a ll the a ge s I h a ve p a id th e pric e fo r a ll tho s e w ho

,

w ould m a k e me th e ir s ub s titut e By my pil e d u p gro a n s .

-
,

by my omni p ot e nt a gony I d e m a nd the re s cu e o f a ll those ,

w h o w ill giv e up s i n a n d tru s t in me M e rcy ! m e rcy !

’
.

m e rcy ! Bu t h o w a m I to ge t it ? Ch e a p It w i ll not .

c o s t you a s much a s a lo a f o f bre a d Only a pe nny ? N o . ,

no E s ca p e from h e ll a n d a ll the h a rps a n d m a n s i on s

.
, , ,

a n d thron e s a n d s unlit fi e l d s o f h e a v e n b e s id e s in the

,

b a rga in w ithout mon e y a n d w ithout pric e

, , .
’

Th e s e pre a ch e rs a r e only s t a ting w ith cre dit a bl e c a n

dour th e origin a l s ignifica nce o f the s a cra m e nts a n d ce re
moni e s w hich w e re the phy s iognomy o f tha t th e ory o f j a
n e w cre a tur e Follow ing va riou s a n ci e nt tra dition s tha t
’
.
,

li fe w a s produc e d out o f w a te r th a t w a t e r e s ca pe d the ,

prim a l curs e on n a ture tha t d e vil s h a te a n d fe a r it be ca u se

,

o f thi s a n d th e s a ltn e ss o f s o much o f it m a n y re ligions ,

h a ve u s e d w a t e r fo r purific a tion a n d e xorci s m 1

Ba pti s m .

1
M u ch c u rio u s i n fo r ma ti o n i s c o n ta i n e d i n the w or k a lre a d y re fe r r e d to ,

me Siec le Pa r M o n s i gn o r Ga u me , Pr o to n o ta i r e
’
L Ea u Be n i te D ix n e u v ie
’
nu -
.

Apo s to li qu e . P a r i s, 1 866 . I t is the r e s ta te d tha t w a te r e s ca pe d the cu rs e ;

 H OL Y WA TE R AN D SAL T WA TE R . 21 7

is b a se d on
notion th a t e ve r y child i s o ffs pring o f the
the

D e v il a n d p os s e ss e d o f h is d e mo n ; th e Fa th e rs a gre e d
,

th at a ll unb a ptiz e d b a b e s e v e n th e s till born a r e los t ; ,

-
,

a n d up to th e ye a r 1 550 e ve ry in fa nt w a s s ubj e ct e d a t
b a p ti s m to th e e xorci s m I comm a nd th e e u ncl e a n s pirit , , ,

th a t sa lt fe cu n d i ty ; th a t d e v i ls d r i v e n o ff te mpo ra ri ly by the c r o ss
p r o d u c e s

a r e e ffe c tu a lly d is mi sse d by h o ly w a te r ; tha t St V i n ce n t , in t e rru pte d by a .

s to r m w h ile pre a c h i n g, d i sp e r s e d i t by th ro w i n g ho ly w a t e r a t i t; a n d he

a d v i s e s the use of ho ly w a te r a ga i n s t the la te s t d e v i c e s of the d e v il— s pi ri t

ra pp i ng . I t mu s t n o t, ho w e v e r , be s u ppo se d tha t th e se n o tio n s a re c o n fin e d

to C a tho li cs . E v e r y e le me n t in the d i squ is i tio n o f M o n si gn o r Ga n me i s r e pr e

se n te d i n th e r e gi o n w h e r e h i s c h u r c h is mo s t ha t ed M r J a me s N a pie r , i n . .

h is re c en b k
t oo on F lkl o o r e , sh o w s u s the Sc o tc h has te n i n g n ew -
bo rn ba be s to
ba p ti sm le s t the y be c o me c ha n l i
g n gs,
e
’
an d the tru e me a n i n g of the r i te is
i llu s tr a te d tn a re mi n i sc e n c e of hi s own c hild ho o d . He w a s s u p po se d to be

p in i n g u n d e r a n E v i l E ye , a n d the o ld w o ma n, or
‘
s ki lly ,
’
c a lle d in , c a r e fu lly

l o c k e d the d o o r , n o w u n lo c k e d by he r pa ti e n t, an d p r o c e e d e d a s fo llo w s
A s i x pe n c e w a s bo r ro w e d fr o m a n e igh bo u r , a go o d fi r e w a s k e p t b u r n i ng

i n the gr a te , the d o o r w a s lo c k e d , a n d I w a s pla ce d u po n a c ha i r i n fr o n t o f

the fir e . The o p e ra to r , a n o ld w o ma n , to o k a ta ble spo o n an d fille d i t w i th
w ate r. W i th the s i x p e n c e s he th e n li fte d as mu c h sa l t a s i tw o u ld c a r r y, a n d
bo th w e r e p ut n i to the w a te r i n the sp o o n . The w a te r w a s th e n stirr e d w i th
the fo r e fin ge r ti ll the sa l t w a s d i ss o l v e d . The n th e so le s o f my fe e ta n d the
p a lms o f my ha n d s w e re ba thed w i th this s o lu ti o n th r i c e , a n d a fter the se ba th
i n gs I w a s ma d e to ta s te th e so lu ti o n th r e e ti me s . The o p e ra tor th e n d r e w he r
my br o w — ca l le d m n g a boon Me ma i n i n g
'

w e tfo r e fin ge r a c r o ss sc
'
br ea tfi . The re

c on t s of
en t the spo o n s he the n ca s t r i ght o v e r the fir e , i n to the h i n d e r p a r t o f
Gu i d pr ese me fl
’
the fire , sa y i n g a s s he d id so ,
’
ae a ska i tlz . The se w e re the

first w o rd s pe rmi tte d to be s po k e n d u r i n g th e o pe ra ti o n I w a s the n pu t i n .

be d, a n d , i n a tte s ta ti o n o f the c ha r m, r e c o v e r e d To my k n o w le d ge thi s .

o pe ra ti o n ha s be e n pe rfo r med w i th in the s e fo r ty ye a rs , a n d p r o ba bly i n ma n y

o utlyi ng c o u n tr y p la ce s i t i s s ti ll
p ra c ti s e d Th e o r i i n o f this su e rs ti ti o n i s
g .
p
p ro ba bly to be fo u n d i n a n c i e n tfir e w o rs hi p The gr e a t bla z i n g fir e w a s e v i
-
.

de n tly i mp o r ta n te le me n ti n the tr a n sa c ti o n ; n o r w a s thi s a so li ta r y i n s ta n c e

an

in w hi c h re ga r d w a s pa i d to the fir e I re me mbe r be i n g ta u ght tha t i t w a s

.

u n lu c ky to Sp it i n to the fir e , s o me e v i l be i n g like ly sho r tly a fte r to be fa ll tho se

w ho di d so . Cr u mbs le ft u po n the ta ble a fte r a me a l w e r e c a re fu lly ga th e r e d

and pu t i n to the fir e . The c u tti n gs fr o m the n a i ls a n d ha i r w e r e a ls o p u t in to

Th ese fr e a ks ly lo o k li k e s u rv i v a ls o f fir e I t ma y
’
the fir e . ce r ta i n -
w o r s h i p.

be w e ll he re to re fe r the r e a d e r to w ha t has be e n sa id i n v o l. i . on D e mo n s
of Fi re . The D e v i l s fe a r
’
o f sa lt and c o n s e qu e n tly o f w a te r co n fir me d the
perha p s e a r li e r a pp r e he n si o n o f a ll fie ry pha n to ms of tha t w hi c h natu r a lly

q uen che s fla me .
21 8 E X OR GI SM

in th e n a m e o f th e Fa the r o f th e So n a n d o f the H o ly , ,

Ghos t th a t thou com e out a n d d e pa rt from th e s e i n fa n ts

, , ,

w hom our L ord J e s u s Chri s t h a s vouchs a fe d to c a ll to h i s

holy ba pti s m to be m a d e m e mbe rs o f hi s body a n d o f h i s

,

holy congre ga tio n & c ,

’
.

A cl e rgy ma n in form e d me th a t h e kn e w o f a ca s e i n
w hich a ma n re c e iving ba ck h i s child a fte r ch r i s t e n i n g
, ,

ki s s e d it a n d s a id I n e ve r ki s s e d it be fore be ca u se I
, , ,

kn e w it w a s not a child o f God ; but n o w th a t it i s I love i t ,

d e a rly Bu tw h y not ? Som e e ve n n ow te a ch th a t a w hit e

.
’

a ng e l follo w s th e ba ptiz e d a bl a ck d e mon th e unb a pti z e d

, .

Th e b e li e f w a s w id e s pre a d th a t unba ptiz e d childre n

-

w e re turn e d into e lv e s a t d e a th In Ice l a nd it i s s till told

.

a s a bit o f fo lk lore th a t w h e n God vi s it e d E v e s h e k e p t

-

, ,

a l a rg e numb e r o f h e r childr e n out o f s ight be c a u s e th e y ,

h a d not b e e n w a s h e d a n d th e s e childre n w e re turn e d i nt o

’

e lve s ,
a n d b e c a m e the proge nitors o f th a t u n c a nny r a c e .

Th e Gr e e k Church m a d e s o much o f ba pti s m th a t th e re ,

h a s b e e n d e ve l o p e d a n E a s t e rn s e ct w hich cl a im s John th e
B a pti s t a s i ts found e r m a ki n g littl e o f Chri s t w h o ba pti z e d
, ,

non e ; a n d to thi s d a y in R u ss i a the pe a sa nt re g a rds it a s

a lmo s t e s s e nti a l to a right re ce ption o f th e b e n e diction s o f

S und a y to h a ve b e e n und e r w a te r on th e pre viou s d a y

— s oa p b e i n g s a g a ciou s ly a dd e d The R om a n Ca tholic .

Church follow ing the provi s ion o f th e Council o f Ca r

,

tha ge s till s e t s a high va lu e on b a p t

,
i s m a l e xorci s m ; a n d
Ca lvin re fe rs to a th e ologic a l d e b a t e a t the S orbonn e in
Pa ri s w h e th e r it w ould not be ju s tifi a bl e fo r a pri e s t to
,

throw a child into a w e ll ra th e r th a n h a ve it d ie unh a p

ti z e d . L uth e r pre se rv e d the Ca tholic form o f e xorci s m ;
a n d in s om e di s trict s o f G e r ma ny Prot e s t a nts h a ve s till
, ,

s uch fa ith in it t ha t w h e n e ith e r a child or a dom e stic

, ,

a nim a l i s s u s p e ct e d o f be ing p o sse s se d th e y w ill se nd fo r ,

the R omi s h pri e s t to p e rform the rit e o f e xorci s m .

 TH E N E W M AN ’
S F OOD . 2 1
9

M r H e rb e rt Sp e nce r h a s
. d e s cribe d the cl a s s o f s up e r
s ti ti o n s out o f w hich th e s a cra m e nt o f th e E uch a ri s t h a s

g ro w n In .s om e c a se
‘
s h e s a y s p a rt s o
,
f
’
th e d e a d a r e ,
‘

s w a llow e d by the living w h o s e e k thu s to in s pire th e m

,

s e lv e s w ith th e good qu a liti e s o f th e d e a d ; a n d w e s a w

1 33) th a t th e d e a d a r e s uppo s e d to be honoure d by thi s

a ct . Th e impli e d notion w a s s uppo s e d to be a s s oci a te d

w ith the fu rth e r notion th a t th e n a ture o f a noth e r b e ing
,

i nh e ring in a ll the fra gm e nt s o f h i s body inh e re s too i n

,
th e uncon s um e d p a rt o f a nythi n g con s um e d w ith h is body ;

s o th a t a n op e ra tion w rought on the re mn a nt s o f h i s food

b e com e s a n ope ra tion w rought o n the food s w a llo w e d a n d ,

th e re fore on the s w a llow e r Y e t a noth e r implic a tion is .

,

th a t be t w e e n thos e w ho s w a llow di ffe re nt p a rt s o f the s a m e

food s om e communi ty o f n a ture i s e s ta bli s h e d H e nc e .

s uch b e li e fs a s th a t a s cribe d by Ba s ti a n to s om e n e gro e s ,

w h o think th a t on e a ti n g a n d drinking con s e cra te d food

, ,

—
th e y e a t a n d drink t e god him s e l f s uch god be ing a n
h
a nc e s tor w h o h a s t a k e n h i s s h a re
, V a riou s c e re moni e s .

a mo n g s a v a g e s a r e prompt e d by th i s conc e ption ; a s fo r ,

in s ta nce the choo s ing a tot e m A mo n g th e M os quito

, .

Indi a n s th e m a nn e r o f obta ining thi s gu a rdi a n w a s to

,
‘

proc e e d to s om e s e clud e d s pot a n d o fl e r up a s a crifice

'

w ith th e b e a s t or bird w hich th e re upon a pp e a re d in dre a m ,

or in re a l ity a co mpa ct fo r li fe w a s m a d e by dra w i n g

, ,

blood from va riou s p a rts o f th e body Thi s blood s u p .

’

pose d to be t a k e n by the cho s e n a nim a l conn e ct e d th e ,

tw o a n d the a nim a l s li fe b e c a m e s o bound up w i th th e ir

’

th a t th e d e a th o f o n e involv e d th a t o f th e o th e r
’
1
own .

A n d n o w m a rk th a t in th e s e s a m e re gion s thi s id e a
, ,

1
We he r e ge t a c lu e to the o r i gi n o f v a r i o u s str a n ge c e re mo n ies by w h ic h

me n bi n d the mse lv e s to o n e
a n o the r M i c he le t, i n his Or i gi n e s d u D r o i t
.

'
Fma g is, w ri te s : Bo i r e le sa n g l u n d e l a u tr e , c e ta i t po u r a i n si d i r e se fa i r e
’ ’ ’

méme c ha i r Ce symbo le s i e x p re ss i f se tro u v e c he z u n gra n d n o mbr e d e

.
z zo C OM M UN I ON OF B L OOD .

re a pp e a rs a s a re ligiou s ob s e r va nce Sa h a gun a n d He r r e ra .

d e scrib e a c e re mon y o f the A zte cs c a ll e d e a ti ng th e go d .

’

M e ndi e t a d e s cribing thi s ce re mony s a ys Th e y ha d a ls o

, , ,

a s ort o f e uch a ri s t Th e y m a d e a s ort o f s m a ll i d ol s

.

o f se e ds , a n d a te th e m a s th e body or me mo r y of

th e ir god s A s the s e e d s w e re ce m e nte d pa r tly by th e

.
’

blood o f s a crific e d boys ; a s th e ir god s w e re ca n ni b a l

god s ; a s H uitzilopochtli w hos e w ors hip inclu d e d this ,

rite w a s th e god to w hom hum a n s a c r ifice s w e re m o s t

, .

e xt e n s ive ; it i s cl e a r th a t th e a i m w a s to e s t a bli s h c o m m u

n i t w ith god s by t a king blood in common

1 ’

y .

W h e n a littl e tim e a go a N e w Z e a l a nd chi e f s h o w e d

, ,

h i s high a ppre ci a tion o f a l e a rn e d Ge rm a n by e a ting h i s

e y e s to improve h i s o w n int e ll e ctu a l vi s ion th e ca s e ,

s e e m e d to s om e to c a ll fo r more a n d b e tt e r prot e ct e d m is

sio n a r ie s but the chi e f might find i n the s a cra m e nta l

communion o f the mi ss ion a ri e s the re a l principl e o f h is
fa ith Th e c e l e bra tion o f th e L ord s S u ppe r w h e n a
’ ’
.

Bi s hop i s ord a in e d h a s only to be s cra tch e d a s th e pro ,

’

ve rb s a y s to re ve a l b e n e a th it the Indi a n s choos i n g th e i r

,

e pi s cop a l tot e m A s I s ra e l obs e rv e d th e P a s s ov e r— e a ting

.

toge th e r o f the l a mb w ho se blood s pri n kl e d on th e ir door

posts h a d m a rk e d thos e to be pre s e rve d from the D e s troy
i g A ng e l in
n E g ypt — th e y w h o b e li e ve d th a t J e s u s w a s

M e s s i a s t a s t e d the body a n d blood o f th e ir H e a d a s indi ,

ca ting the e l e ct out o f a w orld oth e rw i s e give n ove r to th e

D e s troy e r s p i ritu a lly a n d fi n a lly to be d e live re d up to him
,

bodily H e th a t e a t e th my fl e s h a n d drink e th my bloo d

.

e
p pu les d he gi v e s in s ta n c e s fr o m v a r i o us an c i e n t r a c e s
an Bu t, a s w e he r e .

se e , thi s p ra c ti c e i s n o t o r igi n a lly a d o pte d a s a symbo l (n o p ra c ti c e s begi n

a s sy mbo ls ) , bu t i s p r o mp t e d by the be lie f t h a t a co mmu n i ty o f n a tu re is th u s
e sta blishe d , an d a co mmu n i ty o f po w e r o v e r o n e a n o the r .
1 Pi r n c i ple s of Soc i o lo gy , i
’
. c h. x i x . O ig
r en sa ys, tha t a ma n ca ts and

d r in ks w i th d e mo n s w he n he e a ts fle s h an d d ri n ks w i n e o ffe r e d to i d o ls .

( Con tr a Cr i s . v iii . 3x ).
 M YS TI CAL I D E A S OF F OOD . as:

d w e ll e th i n me I i n him Th e s e w e re to tre a d on
an d .

s e rp e nt s or h a ndl e th e m unh a rm e d
, a s it i s s a id P a ul did ,

T h e y w e re not re a lly to d i e but to fa ll a s l e e p tha t th e y

, ,

i ght be ch a ng e d a s a s e e d to i ts flo w e r through lit e ra l ,

r e s urre ction from th e e a rth .

W e s hould p r ob a bly look in va in a fte r a n y s a ti s fa cto r y

v e s tige s o f the migra tion o f the s upe rs tition conc e rni n g
th e mys tica l pot e ncy o f food It is found fully d e ve lope d
.

i n the a nci e nt H indu myth o f the s truggl e b e t w e e n th e

god s a n d d e mons fo r the A mrita the immorta li s ing n e cta r , ,

o n e s tol e n s i p o f w hich ga v e th e mon s t e r R ah u th e i m

p e ri s ha bl e n a ture w hich no othe r o f hi s ord e r pos se s s e s .

I t i s found in corre s ponding myths conce rn ing the god s o f

A s g a rd a n d o f Olympu s The fa ll o f ma n in the Ira ni a n
.

le ge nd w a s through a c e rt a in milk give n by A hrim a n to

th e firs t p a ir M e s chi a a n d M e s c h i a n e
,
In Buddhi s t my tho .

logy i t w a s e a ting rice th a t corrupte d the n a ture o f ma n

, .

It w a s the proce ss o f inca rna tion in the G ilghit l e ge nd ( i .

Th e w hol e s to r y o f P e rse phon e turn s upon h e r ha v

ing e a t e n the s e e d o f a pom e gra n a te in Ha d e s by w hic h ,

s h e w a s bound to th a t s ph e re Th e re i s a myth ve r y s imil a r

.

to th a t o f P e rs e phon e in J a pa n Th e re i s a l e ge nd in the .

Scotti s h H ighl a nd s th a t a w om a n w a s conve y e d into the

s e cre t r e c e s s e s o f the me n o f p e a c e
‘ — the D a oin e Shi
’

e uph e mi s tic n a m e o f un c a nny b e i n g s w h o c a rry a w a y ,

mort a ls to th e ir s ubte rra n e a n a p a rtm e nts w h e re be a uti ful ,

d a m s e l s t e mpt th e m to e a t o f m a gnific e nt ba nqu e ts Thi s .

w om a n on h e r a rriva l w a s re cogni s e d by a form e r a cqu a int

a nc e w h o
,
s till r e ta ining s om e portion o f hum a n be n e v o
,

l e nce w a rn e d he r th a t i f s h e t a s t e d a nything w h a ts oe ve r
, ,

fo r a c e rt a in s p a c e o f tim e s h e w ould be doom e d to re m a in

,

in th a t und e r w orld fo r e ve r The w om a n h a vi n g ta k e n .

this couns e l w a s ultim a te ly re store d to th e s oci e ty o f mor

,

ta ls It w a s a dd e d th a t w h e n the p e riod n a m e d by he r
.
,
z zz FR UI 7 1

u n fortu n a te fri e n d ha d e la ps e d ,
a d is e n c ha n tme n t o f this
w o ma n s e y e s too k
'
l d th e v i a n ds w h c h h a d b e fo r e
i
p a c e , a n

Fi g. 8 —Sa r u
.
‘
Ou sa mo A Bu rs a r r o An u s .

se em e d s o t e mpting s he now di s cove re d to con s i s t only of

th e r e fu s e o f th e e a rt h
1

1
Dr . J a mes Br o w n e
’
s H is to r y o f th e H igh la n ds ,
’
ed . 1 85 5, i . 1 08
.
 AD A M AN D SE TH . 2 23

Th e di fficulty o f tra cing the e thnica l origin o f s uch

l e g e nd s a s th e s e i s much gre a t e r th a n tha t o f tra ci n g th e ir
common n a tura l origin The e fl e c t o f c e rta in kind s o f
'

foo d u pon the hum a n s ys t e m i s ve ry m a rk e d e ve n a p a rt ,

from th e n otoriou s e ffe cts o f the drink s m a d e from th e

v e g e t a tive w orld Th e e fl e c ts o f m a ndra k e opium toba cco
'

.
, , ,

v a riou s se mi poi s onou s fungi

-
the s implicity w ith w hich ,

d i ffe re nce s o f ra ce might be e xpl a in e d by th e ir ve ge ta ri a n

or c a rnivorou s cu s tom s w ould be e nough to s ugge s t ,

th e ori e s o f the pot e ncy o f food ove r the body a n d s oul o f

ma n s uch a s e ve n n o w h a ve the ir va lu e in s ci e ntific Sp e e n
l a tion .

The J e w i s h opinion th a t Se th w a s the o ffs pring o f the

d ivin e p a rt o f A d a m w a s the g e rm o f a re ma rk a bl e chri s
ti a n myth A d a m w he n dying d e s ire d Se th to procure
.
, ,

th e oil o f m e rcy ( fo r h i s e xtre m e unction) from the a ng e ls

gu a rding P a ra dis e M icha e l in form s Se th tha t i t c a n only

.

b e obt a in e d a fte r the l a p s e o f th e a g e s int e rve ni n g the

Fa ll a n d th e A ton e m e nt Se th re ce ive d how e ve r a s m a ll
.
, ,

bra nch o f th e Tre e o f K now l e dge a n d w a s told th a t w h e n ,

it s hould be a r fru it A d a m w ould re cove r R e turni n g

, .
,

Se th found A d a m d e a d a n d pl a nt e d the bra nch in h is ,

g r a v e It. gre w to a tre e w hich S olomon h a d h e w n do w n

fo r building th e t e mpl e ; but the w orkm e n could not a d a pt

it thre w it a s id e a n d it w a s u se d a s a bridge ove r a l a k e
, , .

Th e Qu e e n o f S h e ba a bout to cross thi s l a k e be h e ld a

, ,

vi s ion o f Ch r i s t on the cros s a n d in form e d Solomo n th a t ,

w h e n a c e rt a in p e rs o n h a d b e e n s u s p e nd e d on th a t tre e

the fa ll o f th e J e w i s h n a tion w ould b e n e a r Solomon in .

a l a rm buri e d th e w ood d e e p in th e e a rth a n d th e s pot w a s ,

c ov e r e d by the pool o f B e th e s d a Shortly b e fore th e .

c r ucifixion the tre e floa t e d on th a t w a te r a n d ultim a te ly , ,

a s th e cro s s bore i ts fruit

1
, .

1 The
’
‘
Au r ea Le ge n d a . s to r y, a s i n te r tw i n e d w i th tha t o f the d i sco v e ry
of the tr u e c ro ss by the E mp r e ss H e le n a , w as a fru i tfu l the me fo r a r ti s ts . It
 2 24
ON OS TI C TH E OR I E S .

I n o u r old R u s s i a n picture ( Fig 8) Se th i s s h ow n .

o ffe ring a bra nch o f the Tre e o f K no w le dge to h i s fa th e r

A d a m Th a t it s hould s pring up to be the Tre e o f L i fe is
.

s imply in ob e di e nc e to M a gi a n a n d G no s tic th e ori e s w hi ch ,

ge n e ra lly t u rn on s om e s che m e by w hich the G oo d tu r ns

a g a in s t the E vil M ind th e point o f h is o w n w e a pon .

Th e s e w e re the influ e nce s w hich g a ve to chri s ti a n doc

trin e s on the s ubj e ct th e ir pe rilou s pre ci s ion T h e u n i .

ve rs a l tra dition w a s th a t A d a m w a s the firs t p e r s on

lib e ra te d by Chri s t from h e ll ; a n d thi s corre s p o n d e d
w ith a n e qu a lly w id e b e li e f th a t a ll w ho w e re sa v e d b y the

d e a th o f Chri s t a n d hi s d e s ce nt into he ll w e re a t once

ra i s e d into th e mora l condition o f A da m a n d E v e be fore
th e Fa ll — , to e a t the food a n d bre a th e the holy a i r o f
Pa ra di s e .

A n hon e s t mirror w a s h e ld up b e fore thi s th e ology by the

chri s ti a n A d a mite s Th e ir move m e nt (s e cond a n d third
.

ce nturi e s ) w a s a mo s t l e gitima te outcom e o f the Pa ulin e a n d

'
J o h a nnin e go s p e l T h e a.u thor o f thi s s o c a ll e d h e re s y -
‘
,

Pr o d i c u s re a lly a nticip a t e d the M e thod i s t doctr in e o f

,

a n d h e w a s only co n s i s t e nt in a dmon i s hin g

’
s a n c ti fic a ti o n ,

hi s follo w e rs th a t clothing w a s in the Bible th e origi n a l , ,

ba dge o f ca rn a l guilt a n d s h a m e a n d w a s no longe r n e c e s ,

s a r y fo r tho s e w hom Chri s t h a d r e d e e m e d from th e Fa ll

a n d ra i s e d to th e origin a l innoc e nc e o f A d a m a n d E v e .

Th e s e b e li e ve rs in th e a ppropri a t e clim a te o f N orth e r n

,

A frica ha d no di ffi culty in c a rrying out th e ir doct r i n e

,

pra ctic a lly a n d h a ving n a m e d th e ir church e s Pa ra di se s

, ,
’

a ss e mbl e d in th e m quit e n a k e d Th e re i s s till a s u p e rsti

.

t ion in the E a s t th a t a s n a k e w ill n e ve r a tta ck o n e w ho

ha s be e n pa in te d i n v a r i o u s v e rs i o n s by An gi o lo Ga d d i i n S Cr o c e
. a t Flo re n c e.

P
by ie tr o d e l la F ra n c e sc a a t Ar e zzo , a n d i n S Cr o ce i n Ge r
. . at Ro me a re

fr e sc o e s c e le b ra ti n g He le n a i n a c ha p e l n a me d fr o m he r , bu t i n to w hi c h pe r so n s

o f he r se x a r e a d mi tted on ly o n ce a
ye a r.
 A M OR M ON ‘
H YS TE R y .
’

is n a k e d The s a m e A d a mite
.
—
doc trin e a pre la psa ri a n
—
p e r fe ction s ymboli s e d by nudity w a s t a ught by John
Pica rd in Boh e mi a a n d a flouri s hi n g s e ct o f Ad a mite s
,
‘ ’

a ro s e the re in the fi ft e e n th c e ntury The Sl a voni a n .

A d a mit e s o f the l a s t c e ntury — a n d th e y a r e know n to

—
ca rry on th e ir se rvice s s till in s e cre t not only di s pe n s e
w ith clothing but a l s o w ith s a cra m e nt s a n d c e r e moni e s
, ,

w hich a r e fo r the imp e r fe ct not fo r the p e r fe ct e d

, A ga in .

a n d a g a in h a s thi s logic a l re s ult o f the popul a r th e ology

a pp e a r e d a n d w ith incr e a s ingly gro ss circum s t a nc e s a s the

, ,

re fin e d a n d inte llige nt a b a ndon e xc e pt in n a m e the corre

Sp o n d i n g dogm a s It i s a n impre s s ive fa ct th a t P a ul s c e n ’
.

tra l doctrin e o f a n e w cre a ture is n o w a dopte d w ith mos t

‘ ’

re a li s tic orthodoxy by the M ormon s o f Uta h w hos e initi a ,

tion con si sts o f a dra m a tic p e r form a nce on e a ch ca ndid a te

o f moulding the body out o f cl a y bre a thing in the no s tril s , ,

th e ‘
d e e p s l e e p pre s e nta tion o f a n E v e to e a ch A d a m
’
,

th e t e mpt a tio n fa ll a n d re d e mption The s a ints thu s ‘ ’

.
, ,

ma d e un fortun a t e ly s e e m to h a ve e qu a lly re a li s tic i d e a s

, ,

th a t the G e ntil e s a r e a dh e re nts o f the Princ e o f thi s w orld ,

a n d th e ir s a cra m ent a l b a nd s h a v e s ho w n s om e s triki n g

imita tion s o f tho s e e ve nts o f hi story w hich w he n not ,

la b e ll e d Chri s ti a n pronounce d b a rba rou s N o w

’
a re , .

th a t the old dogm a tic s yst e m i s be ing l e ft more a n d more

to th e ignora nt a n d vulga r to m a k e ove r into th e ir o w n
im a ge a n d lik e n e ss it ma y be hope d th a t e l s e w h e re a l s o
,

the e r ror th a t lib e l s a n d outra g e s n a ture w ill run to s e e d

fo r e rror lik e the a lo e ha s i ts p e riod w h e n i t shoots up a

, ,

high s te m a n d di e s— .

VOL . II .
 ( 2 26 )

C H A PT E R XX .

TH E H O LY GH OST .

A Ha n o v e r r e li c —M r . Atki n s o n on th e —
D o e The D o v e i n
v th e Old
Te sta me n t—E c c le s ia s ti c a l s ym o l—J u d i c ia l s ym o l— A v i s i o n o f
b b
St D u n s ta n s—The w i tn e ss o f c ha s ti ty— D o v e a n d Se r p e n t—The
’
.

un pa r d o n a ble s in —I n e x pia ble sin a mo n g the J e w s — D e s tr u c ti v e

p o w e r ofJ e ho v a h Po te n c y o f the b r e a th Thir d p e r s o n s o f

Tr i n i ti e s—P e n te c o s t— Chr i s ti a n s u pe rs titi o n s — M r M o o d y o n the .

s i n a ga i n s t the H o ly Gh o st— M ys te r i o u s fe a r — I d o ls o f th e c a v e .

TH E RE i s i n the old tow n o f H a nove r i n G e rma n y a , ,

s choolho u s e in w hich a bove th e t e a ch e r s c h a ir th e r e w a s

’

, ,

a nci e ntly the re pre s e nt a tion o f a dov e p e rc h e d u p o n a n

i ron bra nch or rod ; a n d be n e a th the in s c r iption THI S

SH ALL LE AD Y OU I N TO ALL TR U TH I n the c ou r s e o f .
’

tim e the dove fe ll do w n a n d w a s re move d to th e mu s e u m ;

but th e re i s s till l e ft b e fore the childre n the rod w ith the ,

a dmonition th a t i t w ill l e a d th e m i nto a ll tru th Thi s i s .

a bout a s much a s fo r a long tim e w a s l e ft in th e a ve ra ge

chri s ti a n mind o f the s ymbolica l D ove the H oly Ghost , .

H a l f o f i ts primitive s e n s e d e p a rt e d a n d th e re re m a in e d ,

only a n e mbl e m o f myst e riou s te rror M ore s piritu a l .

mind s h a ve introduce d into the mod e rn w orld a c o n c e p

tion o f the H oly Gho st a s a li fe giving influ e nce or a spirit
-

o f love but the a nci e nt vi e w w hich r e ga rd e d it a s the Iron

,

R o d o f judg me nt a n d e x e cution s till s urvive s in th e notion

o f the s i n a ga in s t th e H oly Gho s t
‘ ’
.

M He
r. nry G A tkin
. s on w rit e s a s fo llo w s z
1
M y o ld
1 To the Sec ula r Chr o n i cle, F e brua ry 1 877.
‘ ’
u ,
 M R A TKI N SON ON TI I E D O VE
. . 2 2 7

f r i e nd Ba rry Corn w a ll the fin e poe t onc e s a id to me My

, , ,
‘

d e a r A tkin s on c a n you t e ll me th e m e a ni n g o f the H oly

,

G hos t ; w h a t ca n i t poss ibly m e a n ? W e ll I s a id I ’

,
’
,

s u ppos e it m e a n s a pig e on W e h a ve n e ve r h e a rd o f i t
.

i n a n y oth e r form but th a t o f the dove d e s ce nding fro m

h e a ve n to th e V irgin Ma ry Th e n w e ha ve the pre tty.

fa bl e o f th e dove re turning to the a r k w ith the olive

b ra nch s o th a t th e Chri s ti a n re ligion ma y be ca ll e d the
,

R e ligion o f the Pige on In the Gre e k Church the pige o n

.

i s h e ld sa cre d St P e t e rs burgh i s s w a rming w ith pige ons

. .
,

b u t th e y a r e n e ve r kill e d or di s tur be d I kne w a la dy .

w hos e li fe w a s m a d e w re tch e d in the b e li e f th a t sh e h a d

s inn e d the unp a rdon a bl e s i n a ga in s t the H oly Gho s t a n d ,

n e ith e r pri e s t nor phy s ici a n could p e rs u a d e h e r out o f the

d e lu s ion though in a ll oth e r re s pe ct s s he w a s quit e

,

s e n s ibl e Sh e re ga rd e d h e rs e l f a s s uch a w re tch th a t s h e

.

c ould not be a r to s e e h e rs e l f in th e gl a s s a n d the looking ,

g l a s s e s h a d a l l to b e r e m ov e d a n d w h e n She w e nt to a n ,

h ot e l h e r hu s ba nd ha d to go firs t a n d h a v e th e looking
,

g l a s s e s o f th e a p a rtm e nt s cov e r e d ove r But w h a t i s th e .

H oly Gho s t w h a t i s i ts o ffi ce ? S itting w ith M i ss

M a rtin e a u a t h e r hou s e a t A mbl e s id e o n e d a y a Ge rma n ,

l a dy w h o s poke brok e n E ngli s h c a m e in

, She w a s a , .

n e ighbour a n d ha d a l a rg e hou s e a n d ground s a n d k e pt

, ,

fo w l s Oh l s he s a id quite e xcit e d the b e a s t ha s

‘ ’ ‘
. . , ,

ta ke n o ff a noth e r chicke n ( m e a ning the ha w k) I sa w i t .

mys e l f The w re tch ! it ca m e dow n j u s t lik e the H oly

.

G hos t a n d s n a tch e d o ff the chicke n H o w M i ss M a r

, .
’

ti n e a u did la ug h ; but I d o n t know th a t thi s s tory th ro w s

’

much light upo n the s u bj e ct s ince it do e s bu t bri ng u s ,

ba ck to th e pige on .
’

It w ould re quire a volum e to e xpl a in fully a ll the pro

hle ms s ugge s t e d in thi s bri e f not e but the more importa n t ,

fa cts ma y be cond e n s e d .
 OL D TE S TA M E N T!
'

2 28 TH E D O VE I N TH E

It i s d i fli c u lt to
ho w ho w fa r the n a t u r a l c h a r a c te r is ti cs
s

a n d h a bit s o f th e do v e a r e re fl e ct e d i n i ts w i d e s p r e a d

s ymboli s m I ts pl a intive not e a n d fondn e s s fo r s o l i tu d e s

.

a r e indica t e d i n the P s a lmi s t s a s pi ra tion O h th a t I h a d

’

the w ings o f a dove th e n w ould I fly a w a y a n d b e a t r e s t;

,

10 th e n w ould I w a nd e r fa r o ff a n d re ma i n i n th e w i l d e r
, ,

ne ss It i s not a d i fli c u lt tra n s ition from thi s a s s o c i a ti o n

'
1 ’
.

w ith th e w ild e rn e s s to inve s tm e nt w ith a r e l a ti o n s h ip

w ith t h e d e mon o f h
t e w dei l r n es s— A za ze l
'

So w e fin d i t .

in ce r ta in p a s s a ge s in J e re mi a h w h e re the w o rd h a s be e n ,

s uppr e ss e d in th e ordin a ry E ngli s h ve rs ion Th e la n d i s .

d e s ol a te b e ca u s e o f the fie r c e n e s s o f th e dove L e t u s go .
’ ‘

a g a in to our o w n p e o p le to a void th e s w ord o f th e d o v e

' ’
.

‘
Th e y s h a ll fl e e a w a y e ve r y o n e fo r fe a r o f th e s w o rd o f
the dov e 1
I n Indi
.
’
a i ts lu tr e s
s — blu e a n d fi e r y ma y—
h a ve co n n e cte d it w ith a zure n e ck e d S iva -
.

Th e fa r s e e ing a n d w ond e rful ch a ra ct e r o f th e pig e o n a s

-

a c a rri e r w a s w e ll kno w n to th e a n ci e nt s O n E gy p ti a n .

b a s re li e fs pri e s t s a r e s ho w n s e nding th e m w ith me ss a g e s

-
.

T h e y a ppe a r in the bra nch e s o f th e o a k s o f D odo n a a n d ,

in old R u s s i a n fre s coe s th e y s om e tim e s p e rch on th e T re e

o f K no w l e dg e in p a ra di s e It is s a id th a t i n o rd e r to a v a i l
.
,
.

h im s e l f o f thi s u n ive rs a l s ymboli s m M oh a m me d tr a i n e d a ,

dove to p e rch on h i s s hould e r A s th e ra ve n w a s s a id to .

w hi s p e r s e cre t s to Odin s o th e dove w a s o ft e n i tu r d t

p , c e a

th e e a r o f G o d In N 6tr e D a m e d e Ch a r tre s i ts be a k i s
.

a t th e e a r o f Pope G re gory the G re a t .

It p a s s e —
d a n d did not h a ve fa r to go — to b e th e
fa mili a r o f kin gs It brought the chri s m fro m h e a v e n a t
.

the b a pti s m o f Clovi s W hite dove s ca me to b e a r th e

.

s oul o f L oui s o f Thuringi a to h e a ve n Th e d o ve s u r .

mounte d the s ce ptre o f Ch a r l e m a gne A t th e c o n s e c r a tion .

o f th e king s o f Fra nc e a ft e r th e c e re mo n
y o f u n cti on
,
,
1 Ps al m lv .
1
J er . x x v . 8
3 ; atl 16 ; l . 1 6.
 E CCL E SI AS TI CAL S YM B OL . 229

w hite dove s w e re le t loo se in the church A t the con .

s e cra tion o f a mon a rch in E ngl a nd a duk e b e a rs b e for e ,

the s ove re ign th e s c e ptr e w ith the dove .

By a s s oci a tion w ith both e ccl e s i a s tica l a n d politica l

s ov e re ignty it c a m e to re pr e s e nt v e ry n e a rly th e old fa t a l
,

s e rp e n t po w e r w hich h a d lurk e d in a ll i ts tr a n s form a tion s .

W h e n the H oly Gho s t w a s re pre s e nt e d a s a cro w n e d ma n ,

th e dove w a s pictur e d on h i s w ri s t like th a t fa lcon w ith

w h ich the G e rm a n l a dy m e ntion e d by M r A tkins on

, .
,

i d e ntifi e d it But in thi s conn e ction i ts s ymboli s m i s more

.

e s p e ci a lly r e fe ra bl e to a p a s s a g e in I s a i a h : Th e re s h a ll
1 ‘

c om e forth a rod out o f th e s t e m o f J e s s e a n d a bra nch ,

s h a ll gro w o u t o f h i s roots ; a n d the Spirit o f the L ord

s h a ll r e s t upon him th e Spirit o f w i s do m a n d und e rs t a nd

,

i n g th e s pirit o f coun s e l a n d might th e Spirit o f the kno w

, ,

l e dg e a n d o f the fe a r o f th e L ord The s a nctity o f the

’
.

n u mb e r s e v e n le d to the p a rtition o f th e l a s t cl a u se into

thre e s pirits m a k ing u p the s e ve n w hich w e re : W i s dom

, , ,

Und e rs ta nding Coun s e l Stre ngth K n o w l e dge Pi e ty Fe a r

, , , , , .

I n s om e o f the r e pre s e nta tion s o f th e s e w h e re e a ch o f the

s e ve n D ove s i s l a b e ll e d w ith i ts n a m e F e a r i s a t th e top
’
,

o f th e ir a rch a P s a lm h a ving s a id Th e fe a r o f the L ord ‘

, ,

i s th e be ginning o f w i s dom W h e n the knightly Ord e r o f

.
’

the H oly Gho s t w a s cre a t e d in 1 35 2 it w a s a ri s tocra tic , ,

a n d w h e n re org a ni s e d by H e nry I I I
, o f Fra nc e in 1 579 .
,

it w a s re s tricte d to m a gi s te ri a l a n d politic a l p e rs on a ge s .

W ith th e m w a s the Spirit o f Fe a r c e rt a inly ; a n d the Ord e r

s ho w s pl a inly w h a t h a d long b e e n th e id e a s conn e ct e d

w ith th e H oly Ghos t .

M D i d r o n find s thi s confirm e d in the l e ge nd s o f e ve r y

.

country a n d e s p e ci a lly re fe rs to a s tory o f St D u n

,
.

s ta n A rchbi s hop o f Ca nt e rbury in th e t e nth c e ntury

, , .

Thre e me n convi ct e d o f coining fa l s e mon e y ha d be e n

, ,

1 I sa i a h i 2, 3
x . .
2 3° j UD I CI AL S YM B OL

c o n d e m n e d to d e a th Imm e di a te ly be fore the c e l e br a ti o n

.

o f m a s s on th e d a y o f P e nt e co s t the fe s ti v a l o f th e H oly ,

Gho s t St D un s ta n inquire d w he th e r ju s tice h a d be e n

, .

don e upon the thre e crimin a l s : he w a s in fo rm e d i n r e ply

th a t the e x e cutio n ha d be e n d e l a ye d on a cco u n t o f the
s ol e mn fe a s t o f P e n t e co s t th e n in c e l e bra tion I t s h a ll ‘
.

not be thu s cri e d the indign a nt a rchbis hop a n d ga v e

,
’
,

ord e rs fo r the imm e dia te e x e cution o f th e gu i lty me n .

Se ve ra l o f tho s e w ho w e re p r e s e nt re mon s tra te d a ga i n s t

the cru e lty o f th a t ord e r ; it w a s n e ve rth e l e ss ob e y e d .

A fte r the e x e cution o f the crimin a l s D un sta n w a s h e d ,

h is fa c e a n d turn e d w ith a joy ful counte n a nce tow a r d s h is

,

ora tory I n o w hop e s a id he th a t Go d w ill be p le a s e d

.
,
’
,
‘

to a cc e pt the s a c r i fic e l a m a bout to o fl e r ; a n d i n fa c t
'
’
,

d uring the c e l e bra tion o f m a ss a t the mom e nt w h e n the ,

Sa int ra i s e d h i s h a nd s to implore th a t God the F a t h e r

w ould be pl e a s e d to give p e a c e to h i s Church to g u i d e , ,

gu a r d a n d k e e p it in unity throughout the w orl d a

, ,
‘

dove a s w hit e a s s no w w a s s e e n to d e s c e nd from h e a v e n

, , ,

a n d durin g th e e ntire s e rvic e r e m a in e d w i th w ings e x

t e nd e d flo a ting s il e ntly i n a i r a bove the h e a d o f the

,

a rchbi s hop
’
1
.

The p a s s ion a t e s e xu a l n a ture o f the dove ma d e i t

e mbl e m o f A phrodit e a n d i t b e c a m e S piritu a li s e d in i ts
,

con se cra tion to the M a donn a From i ts re l a tion to the .

fa l s e ly a ccu s e d M a ry th e re gre w a round th e D ove a

-

s p e ci a l cl a s s o f l e g e nd s w hich s how it a tt e s ting fe ma l e

innoc e nce or a ve nging it The w hite dove s a id to h a ve .

i ss u e d from the mouth o f Jo a n o f A r c is o n e o f m a ny

i n s t a nc e s Th e re i s s till I b e li e ve pre s e rve d in the
.
, ,

Lyttl e ton fa mily the picture p a inte d by D o w a ge r L a dy

1
The mo re fa ta l as pe c to f the d o v e ha s te n d e d to i n v est the pi ge o n , e spe
ild p ige o n s, w hic h i n
c i a lly w O
lde n bu r g, a n d ma n y o the r r egi o n s, a re su ppo sed

to bo d e ca la mi ty a n d d ea th if the y fly r o u n d a ho use .
 TH E WI TN E SS OF CHAS TI T Y: 9 3:

Lyttl e ton i n in comm e mora tion o f the w a rning o f

1 780,

d e a th give n to Lord Lyttl e ton by the moth e r o f tw o

girls h e ha d s e duc e d the vis ion be ing a tte n d e d by a
,

flutte rin g dove The origin a l a ccount o f h i s vis ion or

.

dre a m a ttribute d to L ord L y ttl e ton m e ntion s only a

, ,
‘

bird W h e n n e xt told it i s th a t he h e a rd a noi se r e

.
’
,
‘

s e mbling th e flutt e ring o f a dov e a n d on looking to th e

’
,

w in do w s a w a n unh a ppy fe m a l e w hom h e ha d s e duc e d

‘ ’
.

But the e xig e nci e s o f orthodoxy a r e too s trong fo r origin a l

n a rra tiv e s A s the bird a tt e s te d a n a nnounc e m e nt th a t
.

on th e third d a y (th a t too w a s gra du a lly a dd e d) h e w ould

d i e it mu s t h a ve b e e n a dove ; a n d a s th e dov e a tte n d s
,

only th e innoc e nt it mu s t h a ve b e e n the poor girl s moth e r

,
’

th a t a pp e a re d It w a s e a s y to h a ve the w om a n d i e a t
.

the pre ci s e hour o f a ppe a ra nc e 1

W h e n i n Chica go in
.

1 87 5 I r e a d in o n e o f th e morning p a p e rs a ve ry p a r ticul a r
,

a ccount o f ho w a w hit e dove fl e w i nto the c h a mb e r w indo w

o f a young un ma rri e d w om a n in a n e ighbouri ng vill a g e ,

s h e h a ving brought forth a child a n d s ol e mnly d e c l a ring ,

th a t s h e h a d n e v e r lo s t he r virginity .

I n thi s his tory o f th e s ymboli s m o f the D ove th e th e o

logic a l d e ve lopm e n t o f the H oly Ghos t h a s b e e n outlin e d .

W e h a ve s e e n in th e pre vio u s ch a pt e r th a t the H oly Spirit

i in oppo ition to t e N a tura l A
s s h i r — re pos itory o f e vil s , .

The D ov e s ymboli s e d thi s a s pe ct o f it in hov e ring ov e r

the w orld e m e rging from i ts diluvi a l b a p ti s m a n d a ls o ,

ove r the ty pica l n e w A d a m (J e s u s ) coming from hi s ba p

ti s m . But i n thi s it corre s pond s w ith the s e rp e nt sy mbol -

o f li fe in E gypti a n mythology broodi n g ove r th e p rim a l

mund a n e e gg (a s in Fig 2 3 v o l . N a th a ni e l H a w thor n e

, .

found a my s tic a l m e a n ing in the b e a u ti ful group a t R om e

re pre s e nti n g a girl pre ss ing a dove to he r bosom w hil e s he
is a a tt ck e d by a se rp e nt But in th e
. ir th e o log i ca l a s p e c ts

1
Si r N a tha n i e l W ra x a ll s M e mo i rs
’
.
2 32 TI I E U N RARD ON AE L E SI N .

the D ove a n d th e Se r p e nt bl e nd th e y a r e a t o n c e r e la te d
a n d s e p a ra t e d in Chri s t s w ord s Be y e w i s e a s s e r p e n ts
’ ‘
,

a n d h a rml e s s a s dov e s ; but in the o ffi c e o f th e H oly

’

Ghos t a s re pre s e nting a divin e Int e llige nce a n d i ts c o n ,

s e qu e nt e volution a s e x e cutor o f divin e j udg m e n ts it ,

fulfil s in Chri ste n dom much th e s a m e p a rt a s the S e r p e n t

in the more primitive mythologi e s .

E v e r y s i n a n d bl a s ph e my w ill be forg i ve n u n to m e n
‘ ’
,

s a id a l e g e nd a ry Chri s t
1
but the bl a s ph e my a ga i n s t th e
S pirit w ill not be forgive n A n d w ho s o e ve r s h a ll s p e a k a
.

w ord a g a in s t th e So n o f ma n it w il l be forgive n h i m b u t
, ,

w hos o e v e r s h a ll s pe a k a ga in s t th e H oly Gho s t it w i ll n o t ,

b e forgive n him n e i th e r in thi s w orld nor in th a t to c o m e

’
, .

I n M a rk it i s s a id A ll things s h a ll be forgive n unt o th e

1
,
‘

s on s o f me n th e s in s a n d th e bl a s ph e mi e s w h e r e w i th th e y
,

s h a ll bl a s ph e m e : but w ho s o e v e r s h a ll bl a s ph e m e a g a i n s t

the H oly Gho s t h a s n e v e r forgive n e ss but w ill be g u ilt y ,

o f e v e rl a sting s i n ; (b e ca u s e th e y s a id H e h a s a n u ncl e a n ,

W h e n Chri s t utt e re d th e s e tre m e ndou s w ord s n o ,

di s cipl e s e e m s to h a ve b e e n s ta rtl e d or to h a ve inqui r e d ,

into the n a ture o f tha t s i n s o much w ors e th a n a n y o ffe n c e

,

a ga in s t him s e l f or th e Fa th e r w hich h a s s ince e mploye d

,

s o much th e ologic a l Sp e cul a tion .

In fa ct th e y n e e d e d no e xpl a n a tion : it w a s a n old s to ry

,

the unp a rdon a bl e s i n w a s a fa mili a r fe atur e o f a nci e nt

J e w i sh la w Th e re in the s i n e xclud e d from e xpi a tion w a s

.

a n y pre s umptuou s l a ngu a ge or a ction a ga in s t J e hova h .

I t is e a s y to se e w hy thi s w a s so Re a l o ffe nce s crim e s .

,

a g a in s t ma n or s ocie ty w e re ce rt a in o f punis hm e nt
, ,

through the common inte re s t a n d n e e d But the honour .

a n d int e re s ts o f J e hova h not be ing obviou s or fo u nd e d in

,

n a ture r e quire d s p e ci a l a n d s e v e re s t a tut e s

, Th e l e s s a .

thing is prot e cte d by i ts intrin s ic a n d pra ctica l i mpor

1 Ma tt x ii 31
. . .
1
Ma rk iii . 28.
 I N E XPI ABLE SI N AM ON G TH E [E WS . 2 33

ta n ce ,
more it mu st if a t a ll be a rtificia lly pro
the , ,

te c te d Thi s i s illu s tra t e d in th e s tory o f E li a n d h i s tw o

.

s o ns .Th e s e youth s w e re guilty o f th e gro s s e s t i m

m ora liti e s but n o t a w ord w a s s a id a ga in s t th e m th e y
, ,

b e i n g s on s o f the H igh Pri e s t e xc e pt a mild r e mon s tra nc e

,

fro m E li him s e l f But w h e n on a n occ a s ion th e s e youths

.

ta s t e d the p a rt o f the s a crifici a l me a t o ffe r e d to J e hova h ,

th e divin e w r a th w a s kindl e d E li much more t e rrifi e d a t

.
,

thi s c e re moni a l th a n the mora l o ffe nc e s a i d to h is s on s , ,

I f o n e ma n s i n a ga in s t a noth e r th e judg e s h a ll judge him , ,

b u t i f a ma n s i n a g a in s t J e hova h w ho Sh a ll e ntre a t fo r ,

h i m ? I n prote cting h is int e re s t s J e hova h s d e s troying

’ ’

a n ge l do e s not a llud e to a n y ot h e r o ffe nc e o f E li s s on s

’

e xc e pt th a t a g a in s t him s e l f But w h e n the pri e s tly gu a r

.

di a n s o f the divin e int e re s ts c a m e w ith th e ir p e opl e und e r

th e control o f s ucc e s s ive Ga llio s — a li e n s w ho c a re d not fo r
,

th e ir c e re moni a l la w a n d d e clin e d to p e rmit the infliction

,

o f i ts p e n a lti e s a s E ngl a nd n o w forbid s mtt

,
e e in Indi a .
,
'
th e pri e s t s could only pa ss s e nt e nce s ; e x e cutio n o f th e m

h a d to b e a djourn e d to a future w orld .

The doctrin e o f a future s ta t e o f re w a rd s a n d puni s h

me nts i s not o n e w hich a pri e s thood w ould n a tura lly p r e
fe r o r inv e nt So long a s a pri e s thood pos s e s s e s the po w e r
.

o f li fe a n d d e a th ove r the hum a n body th e y w ould not , ,

by s u gg e s ting future a w a rd s ri s k the po s s ibility o f a ,

h e re s y a ri s ing to m a inta in D e o m m i nj a r i a d ii S a u r a But .

w h e re a n a li e n juri s diction h a s re l e g a t e d to lo c a l d e i ti e s

th e d e fe nc e o f th e ir o w n m a j e s ty th e r e mu s t gro w up th e ,

th e o ry tha t s uch o ffe nce s a s ca nnot be e xpi a t e d on e a rt h

a r e unp a rdon a bl e a n d mu s t b e c a u s e o f th e l e g a l impu n ity
, ,

w ith w hich th e y c a n be committ e d be a ll th e mor e t e rribly ,

a ve nge d s om e w h e r e e l s e .

Und e r a li e n i nflu e nc e s a l s o the s upre m e a n d a bsol u te

, ,

gove rnm e nt o f J e hova h ha d be e n divid e d a s i s e l se w h e re ,

2 34 [1211 0 VAH S D E S TR U C TI VE P 0 WE R
’
.

d e scrib e d H e w h o origin a lly cl a im e d the e mp i re o f b o th

.

light a n d d a rkn e ss good a n d e vil w h e n h is ri v a lry a ga i n s t

, ,

oth e r god s w a s o n a q u e stion o f pow e r h a d to b e re li e v e d ,

o f re s pon s ibility fo r e a rthly e vil s w h e n th e mora l s e n s e

d e m a nd e d du a li s m Th us th e re gre w up a se pa ra te p e r
.

s o n i fic a ti o n o f th e d e s tructiv e pow e r o f J e hova h w hich h a d ,

be e n s uppose d to lodge in h is bre a th The l a s t bre a th o f .

ma n obviou s ly e nd s li fe th e re i s nothing more s impl e i n

its n a tura l g e r m th a n the a s s oci a tion o f th e firs t bre a t h
a n d th e l a s t w ith th e Cre a tive Spirit This pote n c y o f
1
.

the bre a th or s pirit i s found i n m a ny a nci e nt r e gion s It .

i s the n a tura l t e a ching o f the d e s tructive s imoom or e ve n 1

,

o f th e a nnu a l a utumn a l bre a th w hich s trik e s the foli a e

g
w ith d e a th P e rs i a e s pe ci a lly a bound e d w ith s up e rs tition s
.

o f thi s ch a ra ct e r By a s orce re r s bre a th the tw o s e rpe nts ’

.

w e re e vok e d fro m th e bre a s t o f Zoh ak N iza m i h a s w ov e n .

th e popul a r notion into h i s s to r y o f the tw o phy s ici a n s

w h o tri e d to d e s troy e a ch oth e r ; o n e o f w ho m s urvive d

hi s riva l s poi s onou s dra u ght a n d kill e d th a t riva l by

’

1
I ha v e be fo re me an a cc o u n t by a c hr i st
ia n mo the r of the d e a th o f he r
ch ild , w ho m she ha d d e d i c a te d to the Lo r d be fo r e his birth , in w hi c h she sa ys,
A fu ll br e a th i ssu e d fr o m hi s mo u th li ke a n e the r i a l fl a me , a sligh t q u i v e r o f
’
the lip, an d a ll w a s o v e r .

1
I t i s su bsta n ti a lly the sa me w o rd the d e mo n ic
’
Se rpe n t p o iso n . as

Sa ma el] The fo llo w i n g i s fr o m Co lo n e l Ca mpbe ll s Tr a v e ls , i i p 1 30

’ ’
. . .

I t w a s sti ll the ho t s e a s o n of the ye a r , a n d w e w e re to tr a v e l thr o u gh th a t

c o u n try o v e r w hi ch the ho r r id w i n d I ha v e be fo re me n tio n e d sw e e p s i ts con

sa mi n g bla sts ; by the Tu r ks SAM I E L, is me n ti o n e d by the ho ly

i t is ca lle d

b u n d e r the n a me o f the E a s t w i n d , a n d e x t d i ll h
Jo e n s ts r a v a ge s a t e w a
y
fro m the e x tr e me e n d o f the Gu lf o f Ca mha ya u p to M o su l ; i t c a r r i e s a lo n g
w i th i t fl a ke s of fire , lik e thr e a d s o f sil k; i n s ta n tly s tri kes d e a d tho se tha t
b r ea the i t a n d, co n su me s the m i n w a r d ly to a s h e s ; the fle sh so o n be c o mi n g
bla c k a s a c o a l , and d ro ppi n g o ff the bo n e s . Phi l o so
p he rs c o n s id e r i t as a

ki n d o f e le c tr icfire , p r o c e e d i n g fr o m the su lphu r o u s o r n i tro u s e x h a la ti o n s

w hi c h a r e k i n d le d by the a gi ta ti o n s o f t he w in d s The o n ly po ss i ble me a n s .

o f e s c a p e fr o m i t
s fa ta l e ffe c t
s is t o fal l fla t o n the gr o u n d , a n d the re by p re v e n t
the d ra w i n g i t i n ; to d o this , ho w e v e r, i t i s n e cessa ry firs t to se e i t, w hi ch is
n o ta lw a s r c ti ca ble
y p a .
 TH I R D PE R S ON S OF TR I N I TI E S 2 35

ma ki n g him s me ll a flo
r on w hich h e ha d bre a th e d
we .
1

S u ch notion s a s th e s e influ e nc e d po w e rfully th e l a t e r

d e ve lopm e nt o f the id e a o f J e hova h conc e rning w hom it ,

w a s s a id o f old W ith the bre a th o f his mo n th s h a ll h e

,
‘

s l a y th e w ick e d th e br e a th o f th e L ord lik e a s tre a m o f

‘

b rim ston e doth kindl e

M e a n w hil e i n a ll the Tr i n it a ri a n ra ce s w h ich w e re to
g iv e form to c h ri s ti a n M ythology d e s tructive n e s s ha d ,

g e n e ra lly (not inva ri a bly) b e com e the tra dition a l role o f

th e Third P e rs on 3
In E gypt th e re w e re O s iri s the
.

C re a tor H oru s the Pre s e rve r Typhon the D e s troy e r ; in

, ,

Ba by loni a A n u th e Upp e r A i r Si n (Uri ) th e M oon Sa mi s

, , ,

th e S u n In Ass yri a th e Su n re ga in s hi s pl a ce a n d d e a dly

.
,

i n flu e nce s w e re a s crib e d to the M oon I n I ndi a Bra hm a .

,

th e Fa th e r V i s hn u th e Sa viour Siva th e D e s troye r ; in

, ,

P e rs i a Z e r u a n e Akr a n e Infinite Tim e Orm u zd the Good

,
-

,
‘

A hrim a n the E vil ; in Gre e c e Z e u s Po s e id on a n d H a d es , , ,

o r H e a v e n Oc e a n a n d H e ll w e re th e fi r s t born o f Tim e
, , ,
-
.

T he Trinit a ri a n form ha d gra du a lly cre pt in a mong the

J e w s though th e ir J a hvi s tic th e ology only a dmitt e d i ts
,

a pplic a tion to in e rior d iti

f e e s— Ca in A b e l Se th ; M os e s , , ,

A a ron H u r ; A bra h a m I sa a c J a cob

,
A s tim e w e nt on
, , .
,

th e s e s ucc e e d e d th e id e a s o f J e hova h M e s s i a s a n d W i s , ,

dom But a lre a dy the s e rpe n t w a s th e w i s e s t o f a ll the

.

b e a s ts o f the fi e ld in J e w i sh mythology a n d th e pe rs oni

fie d W i s dom w a s fully pre p a re d to be id e ntifi e d w ith
A th e n e th e Gre e k W i s dom w ho s pr a ng a rm e d from th e
, ,

h e a d o f Ze u s (the A i r) a n d w ho s e fa mili a r w a s a s e rp e nt
, .

On th e othe r h a nd how e ve r the divin e Bre a th ha d a ls o

, ,

i ts be nign s ignific a nc e S iva ( th e a u s piciou s ) inh e rit e d ‘ ’

.

Sa c r e d An tho lo gy , p 4 2 5 N iza mi u ses hi s fa ble to i llu stra te the

1 ’
The ‘
. .

e fle c t o f e v e n a n i n n o ce n t fl o w e r o n o n e w ho m c o n s cie n ce h a s ma d e a c o w a r d
'

N o th i n g i s mo r e natu ra l tha n the Tr i a d the re gi o n s w hi ch ma y be mo st

si mply d isti n gu ishe d a re the U ppe r , M id d le , an d Lo w e r .
 PE N TE COS I !

the ch a ra ct e r o f R udra ro a ri ng s torm but i t w a s r a the r

s uppo r t e d l a t e r on by hi s w i fe K ali A th e n a th o u gh .

a rm e d w a s t he godd e ss o f a griculture Th e b r e a th o f .

E lohim h a d give n ma n li fe I n o w dra w in a n d n o w le t .

forth s a ys K ri s hn a ;
,
’
1
I a m ge n e ra tion a n d di ss o l u ti o n ;
I a m d e a th a n d immorta lity Thou w ilt fa ncy i t th e
’ ‘

d a w ning z e phyr o f a n e a rly s p r ing s a ys Sadi bu t i t i s ,

’ ‘

the bre a th o f I sa or J e s u s ; fo r in th a t fre s h bre a th a n d

,

ve rdure the d e a d e a rth is re viving 3

The voic e o f th e .
’

turt le i s h e a rd in the l a nd s ings Solomon ,

’
.

W h e n the Third Pe rs on o f the chri s ti a n Trinity w a s

con stitut e d it inh e rite d th e fa t a lity o f a ll the pre v i o u s
,

Third P e rs ons the D e s troy e rs— w hil e it ve il e d th e m i n

—
my s te ry W h e n the H oly Ghos t in s pire d the d is c i p le s
.

the a ccount i s s ignific a nt “

Sudd e nly th e re ca m e a s ou n d .

from h e a ve n a s o f a r u shing mighty w ind a n d th e r e ,

a pp e a r e d unto th e m clove n tongu e s lik e a s o f fi r e a n d i t ,

s a t upon e a ch o f th e m A n d th e y w e re a ll fill e d w ith th e

.

H oly Gho s t Thi s w a s on th e D a y o f P e nt e cos t th e

’
.
,

h a rve s t fe s tiva l w h e n the fir s t fruits w e re o ffe re d to th e

,
-

quick e n ing Spirit or Bre a th o f n a ture but th e d e s tructi v e

fe a ture i s th e re a l s o—the tongu e s a re clove n lik e thos e o f
s e rp e nts The be n e fic e n t pow e r w a s m a ni fe s t a t th e ga t e
.

c a ll e d B e a uti fu l w h e n the l a m e ma n w a s m a d e to w a lk by
P e te r s pow e r ; but i ts fa ta l po w e r w a s w ith the s a me
’

a po s tl e a n d w h e n h e s a id
,
W hy h a t h Sa ta n fill e d thy ,
‘

h e a rt to li e to the H oly Ghost ? in s ta ntly A n a ni a s fe l l ’

dow n a n d ga ve up the ghos t The s pirit w a s ca rri e d it

‘
.
,

i s s a id in the bre a th o f th e a po s tl e s
, I ts a w fuln e s s ha d .

va riou s illu s tra tion s M a ry o ffe re d u p tw o dove s in toke n

.

o f he r conc e ption by the H oly Gho s t J e s u s i s d e s cribe d .

1 Bhav a gat Gi ta -
. G u lis ta n . Ac ts ii .

Co mpa r e Ge n . vi .
3
. J e ho v a h sa i d, My brea th sha ll n o t a lw a ys a bide
in ma n .
’
 CH R I S TI AN S UPE R S TI TI ON S . 2 37

as s courging from the t e mpl e thos e th a t s old dove s a n d ,

th e a ll e go r y i s r e pe a t e d in P e t e r s d e nunci a tion o f Simon

’

M a gu s w h o o ffe r e d mon e y fo r the gi ft o f the H oly

,

G hos t 1
.

In o n e o f h is s e rmon s M r M ood y s a id N e a rly e ve ry .

,
‘

d a y w e h a ve s om e body comi n g into th e inquiry room ve ry -

m uch di s coura g e d a n d di s h e a rte n e d a n d c a s t do w n be ,

c a u s e th e y think th e y h a ve committe d a s in a ga in st th e
H oly Ghos t a n d th a t th e re i s no hop e fo r th e m Mr
’
. .
,

M oody s a id h e b e li e ve d th e s i n w a s n e a rly impo ss ibl e ,

but he a dd s th i s re m a rk a bl e s ta te m e nt I don t re m e mb e r ,
‘ ’

o f e ve r h e a ri n g a ma n sw e a r by the H oly Ghos t e xce pt

o nc e a n d th e n I look e d u pon him e xpe cting him to fa ll

,

d e a d a n d my blood r a n cold w h e n I he a rd him But it

,
.
’

1
Amo n g the ma n y su r v i v a ls i n c iv ilise d c o u n tr ie s o f thes e n o tio n s ma y be
n o tic e d the be li e f tha t, i n o r d e r to be fr e e fr o m a s pe ll i t i s n ec e ssa ry to d r a w
blo o d fr o m the w i tc h a bo v e the br e a th, mo u th a n d n o s tr i ls ; to sc o r e
‘

a bo o n the br e a th i s a Sc o tti sh phra se

'
This p r o ba bly ca me by the p a ga n
.

r o u te
; bu t i t me e ts i ts c h r i s tia n k i h
t a n d k in i n th e fo llo w i n g sto ry w hic h I
fin d i n a (M S ) M e mo r i a l se n t to the H o use o f Lo rd s i n 1 869 by the R e v
. .

Tho ma s Be me y , Rec to r o f Bra co n Ash, D i o c ese o f N o r w ic h I w a s se n t

fo r i n ha ste to p r i v a te ly ba ptize a c hild tho u ght to be dyin g, a n d be lo n gi n g to

pa re n t
s w ho li v e d on the Co mmo n a t H o c k e r in g . I t i n de e d a ppe a r e d to
be v e ry ill, a nd i ts e yes w e r e fi x e d , a n d r e ma r ka bly clo u d e d a n d d u ll H a v i n g .

ba pti ze d , I fe lt mo v e d w i th a lo n gi n g d e s i re to be e n a ble d to he a l the c hi ld

an d I pr a ye d v e ry e a rn e stly to the Lo r d G o d A lmighty to gi v e me fa i th a n d
s tre n gth to e n a ble me to d o so A n d I pu t my ha n ds o n i ts he a d a n d d r e w
.

the m d o w n o n to i ts a r ms a n d the n b r e a the d o n i ts he a d thr e e ti mes , i n the

n a me o f the Lo r d J e su s Chr ist A n d a s I he ld i ts a rms a n d lo o k e d o n i t
.

a n x io u s ly, i ts fa c e be ca me e x ce e d in gly r e d an d d a r k, and as the c hi ld gra

d u a lly a ssu me d a n atu ra l co lo ur , the e y es be ca me c le a r a ga i n ; an d the n i t

ge n tly c lo se d i ts e y es i n sle e p . An d I to ld the mo the r n ot to touc h i t a n y

mor e till it a w oke bu t to ca r r y i t u p i n the cra dle as it w as . The n ex t mo m

i n g I fo un d the c hild pe r fe c tly w e ll. She ha d n ot to u c he d i t, e x ce pt a t fo u r

i n th e mo rn i n g to fe e d i t, w he n i t se e me d d e a d a slee p, a n d i t di d n o t a w a k e
ti ll te n o c lo c k Thi s w a s w r i tte n by a n E n glish Rec to r , a n d d a te d fro m the
’ ’
.

Ca r lto n Clu b I The i ta li cs a re i n the o r igi n a l M S n o w be fo re me The i m . .

ta n ce t ha t n o e a r thly ha n d sho u ld pr o fa n e ly to u ch th e bo d y w hile th e sp i r i t

p o r

w as a t w o r k i n i t sho w s ho w co mple te ly s ys te ma tise d is tha t i n sa n i ty w hi c h

co n si s ts o f ma k in g a hu ma n min d a n a re n a fo r the su rv i v a l o f the u n fittes t .

2 33 M YS TE R I O us FE AR .

is almos t a s r a re to h e a r pra ye rs a ddre s se d to the H oly

—
Gho s t ; a d both ph e nom e n a fo r pra ying a n d sw e a ring
n

a r e ra d i ca lly r e l a t e d — a re n o doubt s u r viva ls o f the a nci e n t

notion s w hich I ha ve d e s cribe d The force s o f n a ture o u t

.

o f w hich the s ymbol gre w th e li fe th a t s pring s fro m d e a th

,

a n d gro w s by d e c a y i s e ss e nti a lly re pe a te d a ga in b y

,

tho s e w h o a dhe re to the l e tte r tha t kill s a n d a lso by thos e ,

w ho a s c e nd w it h the s pirit th a t m a k e s a live It i s p r o .

ba bl e th a t no more t e rribl e form o f the be li e f i n a D e vi l

s u rviv e s th a n this H oly Gho s t D ogm a w hich lurking in , ,

v a gu e n e ss a n d m y s t e ry lik e the s e rp e nt o f w hich it w a s

,

born pa s s e s by th e s e l f right e ou s to ca s t i ts s h a do w s ove r

,
-

th e mos t s e n s itive a n d lo w ly mind s chi e fly thos e o f p u r e ,

w om e n pron e to e x a gge r a t e th e ir l e a s t bl e mi s h e s .

In right re a s on the fa ta l H oly Ghos t s ta nds a s the type

o f th a t F e a r by w hich pri e s thood s h a ve b e e n a bl e to p r e

s e rv e th e ir in s tit u tion s a ft e r th e d e iti e s a ro u nd w ho m th e y

gre w ha d b e com e unpre s e nta bl e a n d w hic h co u ld be s t be

,

fo s t e re d be n e a th the v e il o f mys t e ry Th e y w ho love .

d a rkn e s s ra th e r tha n light be ca u se th e ir d e e d s ca nnot be a r

the light ve il th e ir god s not to a boli s h th e m bu t to p re
,

se r v e th e m Ca lvini s m i s ve il e d a n d A th a n a s i a ni s m
.
, ,

a n d R om a ni s m ; th e y a r e a ll v e il e d idol s w ho s e po w e r ,

live s by be i ng hid in a m a ss o f ph i lology a n d ca s uis tr y .

So long a s Chri s ti a nity c a n p e rs u a d e the Pope a n d D r .

M a rtin e a u D e a n Sta nl e y a n d Mr M oody Q u a k e rs

, .
, ,

Sh a k e r s Jump e rs a ll to d e s cribe th e m s e lve s a like a s

, ,

Chri s ti a n s i ts r e a l n a ture w i ll be ve il e d i ts i n s titutio n s

’
, ,

w il l cu mb e r th e ground a n d dra w a w a y the s tre ngth a n d

,

inte ll e ct d u e to hum a nity ; the i n d e fin a ble infid e l w ill be ‘ ’

a d e vil . Thi s proc e ss ha s be e n going on fo r a long ti me .

Th e se rp e nt god a ccurs e d by the hum a n mind w hi c h gre w

-

s up e rior to it h a s cre pt into i ts A r k ; but i ts fa ng a n d

,
°

v e nom ling e r w i th tha t Bi s hop bre a thing o n a p r i e s t th e ,

 ID OL S OF TH E CA VE . 23
9

p r i e s t br e a thing on a s i ck child a
, n d b e a r s dow n s id e by

s id e w ith s ci e nc e th a t a tmo s ph e re o f my s t e ry in w hich

c re e p a ll the old r e ptil e s th a t throttl e common s e n s e a n d

s e n d th e ir viru s though a ll th e s oci a l fra m e .

In d e monology the Holy Ghos t i s not a D e vil but in it ,

a r e r e fl e ct e d the di a boli s a tion o f Culture a n d Progr e s s a n d

A r t It w a s th e s e D e vils w hich comp e ll e d the god s to

‘ ’
.

v e il th e m s e lv e s through s ucc e s s ive a g e s a n d to s piritu a li s e

,

th e ir idol s a n d dogm a s to s a ve th e ir i n s tit u tion s . Th e

d e iti e s conc e a l e d h a ve prove d fa r more pote nt ove r th e

p opul a r im a gi n a tion tha n w h e n vi s ibl e T .h e i n d e fin a ble te r

r ibl e m e n a ce o f th e H oly Ghos t w a s a con s u mm a t e re ply to

th a t e qu a lly i n d e fin a ble s pirit o f lo a thing a n d cont e mpt

w hic h ris e s a mong the culture d a n d re fin e d to w a rd s
th ings th a t h a ve be com e unre a l th e ir form a liti e s a n d the ir
,

c a nt . It i s thi s e ve r re curring n e c e s s ity tha t e n a bl e s

-

c l e rgym e n to d e nounc e be li e f i n H e ll a n d a D e vil in

c hurch e s w hi ch a s s u re d ly w ould n e v e r ha v e b e e n built

b u t fo r th e s up e rs titio n so d e nounce d . The a nci e nt

b e li e fs a n d the pre s e nt d e nunci a tion o f th e m a r e on the
s a m e thre a d ,
— the d e t e rmin a tion o f a Church to s u r v ive a n d
h old i ts po w e r a t a n y a n d e ve ry cos t The j e s uitica l po w e r
.

to v e il the dogm a i s the mos t s ucce s s ful m e tho d o f con

fronti ng the Spirit o f a n A ge w hich i n the e y e o f re a s on
,

i s the only holy s pirit but w hich to e ccl e s i a s tica l po w e r

,

s tru gglin g w ith e n li ght e nm e nt i s t he o nly formid a bl e

Sa ta n .
 C H A PTE R X X I .

A N TI CH RI ST .

The Ka li Age Sa ta n s i fti n

g Si mo n Sa ta n a s A n ge l o f Li ght
-
E p i the ts o f A n ti c hr i s t The Ca ms N e ro Sa c ra me n ts '

i mita te d by P a ga n s — Sa ta n i c s ign s an d w on de rs — Je r o me o n
An ti c hr i s t Ar millu s Al D a jj a i l Lu the r on M o ha mme d
M a w me t — Sa ta n ’
Go d
’
s a pe -
M e d iae v a l n o ti o n s —W itc he s
Sa bb a th -
An I n fe r n a l Tri n i ty Se r p e n t o f Sin s — An tic hr i st
—
Po pe s Lu the r as An ti c hr i st—M o d e m n o ti o n s o f An ti c h r i st .

I N the ‘
Pa dm a Pura n a it is re cord e d th a t w h e n K ing Ve n a
’

e mb r a c e d h e re tic a l doctrin e a n d a bjure d the t e mpl e s a n d

s a crific e s t h e p e opl e follow ing him s e ve n po w e rful R i s his

, , ,

high pri e s ts vi s ite d him a n d e ntre a t e d h i m to re turn to

,

th e ir fa ith Th e y s a id Th e se a cts 0 king w hich th o u

.
,
‘
, ,

a r t p e r forming a r e not o f our holy tra dition s nor fit fo r

, ,

our re ligion but a r e s uch a s s h a ll be p e rform e d by ma n

,

kind a t the e ntra nce o f K a li the l a s t a n d s in ful a ge w he n , ,

thy n e w fa ith s h a ll be re ce ive d by a ll a n d the s e rvice o f ,

the god s b e utt e rly r e linqui s h e d K i n g Ve n a be ing thu s

’
.
,

in a dva nc e o f hi s tim e w a s burn e d on the s a cre d gr a ss

, ,

w hil e a m a ntra w a s p e rform e d fo r him .

Thi s th e ory o f K a li i s curiou s a s indica ting a fin a l

triumph o f the e n e mi e s o f the god s In the Sca ndin a vi a n .

th e o ry o f R a g n a rok the Tw ilight o f the god s th e re a l so

,
’
,

s e e m s to h a ve be e n includ e d no h0 p e o f th e future victory

of t he e xi sti n g god s In the Pa rs i fa ith w e firs t m e e t

.

w ith th e b e li e f in a ge n e r a l ca ta s troph e follo w e d by the

 SA TA N S I F TI N G SI M ON . 241

su pre ma cy a n d u nive rsa l sw a y o f good Thi s fa ith cha ra c .

te r i s e d the la t e r H e bre w prophe ci e s a n d i s th e s piri t o f ,

P a ul s b ra ve sa ying W h e n a ll th i ngs s h a ll be s ubj e cte d

’
,

u nto him th e n a l s o s ha ll the So n him s e l f be s ubj e ct unto

,

h i m th a t put a ll thi n gs u nd e r him th a t G o d ma y be a ll ,

’
in a ll .

W h e n ho w e ve r th e ology
, m e ta phys ics a d v a nce d
, an d
a n d mod e ll e d thi s fi e ry l a v a o f proph e tic a n d a po s tolic

a g e s i nto dogm a tic s h a p e s e vil w a s a cco rd e d a n e qu a l ,

dura tion w ith good Th e conflict b e t w e e n Chri s t a n d hi s

.

foe s w a s not to e n d w ith the conve rs ion or d e s truction

o f h i s fo es but h is fina l c omi n g a s mon a rch o f the
,

w orld w a s to w itn e ss the ch a ini ng up o f th e A r c hfie n d

i n th e Pit .

Chri s t s o w n id e a o f Sa t a n : a s s u ming ce rta in re porte d

’

e xpre s s ion s to h a ve b e e n r e a lly utt e r e d by him mu s t h a ve ,

be e n th a t w hi c h r e ga rd e d hi m a s a Te mpte r to e vi l w hos e ,

o bj e ct w a s to t e s t th e r e a lity o f fa ith Si mon S i mon .

,

be h old Sa ta n a s k e d you fo r h i ms e l f th a t he m i ght s i ft

, ,

y o u a s th e w h e a t ; but I m a d e s upplic a tio n f o r th e e th a t ,

thy fa i th fa il n o t; a n d w h e n once thou h a s t re turne d ,

c onfirm thy bre thr e n A n d he s a id u n to him L ord I a m

.
, ,

r e a dy to go w ith th e e both i n to pri s on a n d into d e a th , .

A n d h e s a id I t e ll th e e P e t e r a cock w ill not crow thi s

, , ,

d a y till thou w i lt thri ce d e ny th a t thou know e s t me 1 ’

.

S uch a s e n tim e nt could n o t c o n v e y to J e w i s h c a r s a d e

g r a d e d n oti on o f Sa t a n e xc e pt a s b e i ng a nocturn a l s pir it ,

w h o mu s t c e a s e h i s w ork a t cock cro w It i s a n a d a pta -

.

tion o f w h a t J e hova h him s e l f w a s s a id to do i n the pro ,

p h e c y o f A mo s I w i ll n o t u tt
. e rly d ‘
e s troy t h e h o u s e o f
J a cob s a ith the L ord
, I w ill s i ft the hou s e o f I s ra e l
.

a mong a ll n a tion s lik e a s c o r n i s s i fte d in a s i e v e y e t s h a ll

, ,

n o t th e l e a s t gra in fa ll upon the e a rt h “

.

1 Luk e a m 31. . Amo s ix . 8, 9 .

V OL 11 . . Q
a 4s SA TAN AS AN G E L OF LI GH T:

P a ul too a pp e a rs to h a v e ha d s om e s u ch con c e ptio n

, ,

o f Sa ta n s inc e h e s p e a k s o f a n e vil do e r a s d e live re d up

,
-

to Sa ta n fo r the d e struction o f the fl e s h th a t the s piri t

‘

ma y b e s a ve d 1
Th e re i s ho w e ve r in a noth e r p a ss a ge
’
.
, ,

a n indic a tion o f th e di s tinctn e s s w ith w hich P a ul a n d h i s

fri e nd s ha d conc e ive d a fre s h a d a pta tio n o f Sa ta n a s

o b s t a cl e o f th e ir w ork For s uch h e s a ys a r e fa l s e ‘ ’ ‘
.
, ,

a po s tl e s d e c e itful w ork e rs tra n s forming th e m s e lv e s into

, ,

a po s tl e s o f Chri s t A n d no m a r ve l : fo r Sa ta n tra n s fo r m s
.

him se l f into a n a nge l o f li ght It i s no gre a t thing the re .

fore i f h i s mini s te rs a l s o tra n s for m th e m s e lve s a s mini s t e rs

o f right e ou s n e s s ; w ho s e e n d w ill be a ccording to th e ir

w ork s .
’
It ma y be note d h e re th a t Pa ul do e s not think o f
Sa t a n him s e l f a s tra n s forming him s e l f to a mini s t e r o f right
e o u s n e s s but o f Sa t a n s mini s t e rs a s doing s o It is o n e o f a
’
.
,

n umbe r o f phra s e s in th e N e w Te s t a m e nt w hich re v e a l th e

w orking o f a n e w mov e m e nt to w a rd s a n e xpre s s ion o f i ts

own . R e a l a n d fa r re a ching re ligiou s re volution s in hi s tory

-

a r e di s tingui s h e d fro m m e re s e cta ri a n modific a tio n s w hic h ,

th e y s u m up in nothi n g more th a n in th e ir n e w ph ra s e ology .

W h e n J e hova h M e s s i a s a n d Sa ta n a r e gr a d u a lly s u ppla n te d

, ,

b y Fa th e r Chri s t a n d A ntichri s t (or M a n o f Si n Fa l s e

, , ,

Chri s t W ithhold e r
, Fa l se Prophe t So n o f Pe r ,

dition M ys te ry o f I n iquity La w l e ss On e ) it i s pl a in tha t

, , ,

n e w e le m e nt s a r e pre s e nt a n d n e w e m e rg e nci e s Th e s e
,
.

v a ri e d phra s e s ju s t quot e d could not ind e e d crys ta lli s e , ,

fo r a lo n g tim e into a n y s ingl e n a m e fo r the n e w Ob s t a cl e

to the n e w li fe fo r d uring the s a m e tim e the n e w li fe itse l f
,

w a s to o living too va rio u s to h a rd e n in a n y d e finite s h a

, p, e

or be m a rk e d w ith a n y s p e ci a l n a m e The only N e w .

Te s ta m e nt w rit e r w ho u s e s the w ord A ntichri s t i s the s o

c a ll e d Apostle John ; a n d it i s int e re s ting to re ma rk th a t
i t i s by him conn e ct e d w ith a dogm a tic s ta t e m e n t o f th e
l
1 Co r . v .
5 . 2 Co r . x i
. I3 .
 TH E C/ E SAR S . 2 43

n a tu re o f Chri s t a n d d e finition o f h e re sy E ve ry S pirit .

‘

th a t con fe s s e s J e s u s Chri s t i s com e in th e fl e s h i s o f God ;

a n d e v e ry s pirit th a t con fe ss e s not J e s u s i s not o f God : a n d

th i s i s the s pirit o f A ntichri s t w h e re o f y e h a ve h e a rd th a t ,

i t c o m e s ; a n d n o w it i s in the w orld a lre a dy Thi s la n

’
1
.

g u a g e ch a,
ra ct e ri s tic o f the middl e a n d clo s e o f the s e cond
iz
i s in s trong contra s t w ith P a ul s utt e ra nc e in the
’
c e n tu r y ,

fi rs t c e ntury d e s cribi n g th e M a n o f Si n ( or o f l a w l e s s n e ss
, .

th e s o n o f p e rdition ) a s o n e w ho oppo s e th a n d e x a lt e th
‘
,

h im s e l f a bove a ll th a t i s c a ll e d G o d or th a t i s w ors hippe d ; ,

s o th a t h e s a t in th e t e mpl e o f God s ho w i n g him s e l f th a t

”
,

h e i s God Chri s t h a s not y e tbe gun to s uppl a nt Go d ; to

.

Pa ul h e i s the So n o f God con fronting the So n o f D e s tru o

tion the divin e ma n oppo s e d by th e ma n o f s i n
, W he n .

th e n a tu r e o f Chri s t be co me s th e b a s i s o f a d o gm a th e ,

ma n o f s i n i s a t once d e fin e d a s the oppon e nt o f th a t ’

d ogm a .

A s thi s dogm a s truggl e d on to i ts con s umm a tion a n d

victory it n e c e s s a rily took th e form o f a triumph ove r the
,

Cms a r s w ho w e re procl a iming th e m s e lve s god s a n d d e

, ,

m a nding w ors hip a s s uch Th e w rit e r o f the s e cond E pi s tl e.

b e a ring P e t e r s na m e s a w thos e chri s ti a n s w ho yi e ld e d to

’

s u ch a u thority typifi e d in B a l a a m th e e rri n g proph e t w ho ,

w a s Oppo s e d by the a ng e l th e w rit e r o f the G o s p e l o f

John s a w the tra itor Jud a s a s the s o n o f p e rdition te 6 ‘

,
’

pre se nting J e s u s a s pra yi n g th a t the re s t o f h is di s cipl e s

mi ght be k e pt out o f the e vi l o n e ; a n d m a ny s imil a r e x
pre ssion s di s close the fa ct th a t to w a rd s the clos e o f th e ,

s e co nd c e ntury a n d throughout the third th e chi e f ob s t a cl e

, ,
,

o f thos e w ho w e re ju s t b e ginning to b e c a ll e d Chri s ti a n s

w as the t e mpt a tion o ffe re d by R om e to th e ch r i s ti a n s

the mse lve s to be tra y th e ir s e ct It w a s s till a d a n g e r to .

1
I Jo hn iv . 2, 3
. P o lyc a r p, E p to
. Philippi a n s, v n . a The ss . n.

a P e te r 11. x 5. 5
J o hn x v u. la .
2 44 N E R0 .

n a me ve ry impe ri a l god s w ho s u c ce ss iv e ly s e t the m

the
s e lve s u p to b e w ors hipp e d a t R om e but th e p o i n ti n g o f ,

the p h ra s e s i s unmi s t a k a b le long be fore the la st o f th e

p a g a n e mpe rors he ld the s tirrup fo r the fi rs t c h r i s tia n

Ponti ff to mount hi s hors e .

N e ro h a d a n s w e re d to the portra i t o f the s o n o f p e r d i

‘

t io n s itting in the te mpl e o f God p e r fe ctly H e a s p i r e d ’

.

to the titl e K i n g o f the J e w s He s ol e mnly a ss u me d

‘
.
’

th e n a m e o f Jupit e r H e h a d h i s t e mpl e s a n d h i s p r i e s ts
.
,

a n d s h a re d divin e hono u rs w ith h is mi s tre s s Po p pa a Ye t .

,

w h e n N e ro a n d h i s glor y h a d p e ri s h e d und e r thos e p h i a ls

o f w ra th d e s cribe d in the A poc a lyp s e a more e x a c t i ma g e ,

o f th e in s idiou s Fa l s e Chri s t a ppe a re d in Ve s p a s i a n .

H is a ll e ge d mira cl e s ( lyin g ‘
and
t h e r e po r te d

p re diction o f h i s gre a tn e s s by a proph e t on M ou nt C a r m e l ,

h i s O ppre s s ion o f th e J e w s w h o ha d to contribu t e th e

,

a nnu a l do u bl e dra chm a to s uppo r t th e t e mpl e s a n d go d s

w hich V e s p a s i a n h a d r e s tore d a ltoge th e r m a d e th is d e co

,

rou s a n d popul a r e mpe ror a more formid a bl e e n e my th a n

th e Be a s t N e ro w hom he s ucce e d e d The v i r tu e s a n d
‘ ’
.

philos ophy o f M a rcu s A ure liu s s till in c re a se d th e d a nge r .

Politica l co ndition s fa voure d a ll those w ho w e re i ncline d

to c ompromis e a n d to mingl e the popul a r pa ga n a n d the
,

J e w i s h fe stiva l s s ymbol s a n d ce re moni e s In a p o c a lyptic

, , .

m e t a phor V e s pa s i a n a n d A ure liu s a re the tw o horn s o f

,

the L a mb w ho s pa k e li ke th e D ra go n i a N e ro ( R e v ,
. .
, .

xiii .

The b e ginnings o f th a t mongre l o f s up e rs titio n s w hich

a t la s t g a in e d th e n a m e o f Ch r i s ti a nity w e re in th e li be ra

tion by d e ca y o f pa rts a n d pa rticl e s o f a ll thos e s y s te ms

, ,

w hich Juliu s Cae s a r ha d c a g e d tog e th e r fo r mut u a l d e s tr u c

tion W ith n e w thron e s rise n e w a lta rs s a ys Byron s Sa r

.
,
’ ’

d a n a p a lu s ; but it i s s till more tru e tha t w ith n e w throne s ,

a ll a lta rs cr umbl e a littl e A t a n e a rly p e ri od the di ffe r

.
 PA GAN SA CR AM E N TS . 245

c a ce s b e tw e e n the be li e ve rs in Chri s t a n d tho se th e y c a ll e d

i d o l a t e rs w e r e ma i n ly in n a m e ; a n d w ith the incre a s e o f
'

G e ntil e conve rt s th e a doption o f the s ymboli s m a n d

,

p ra ctic e s o f th e old r e ligion s w a s s o univ e r s a l th a t th e

q u a rr e l w a s a bout origin a lity T h e D e vil s a y s T e r tu l .

‘
,
’

l i a n w ho s e bu s in e s s i t i s to p e rv e rt th e trut h mimic s the

, ,

e x a ct circum s t a nc e s o f th e D ivin e Sa cr a m e nt s in the m s

y
te r i e s o f idols H e him s e l f b a ptiz e s s om e tha t i s to sa y
.
, ,

h i s b e li e ve rs a n d fo llo w e rs : he promi s e s forgive n e s s o f s in s

f rom the s a c r ed f oa n t a n d th u s initi a t e s th e m into the ,

r e ligion o f M ithra s ; h e thu s m a rk s on th e for e h e a d h i s

o w n s oldi e r : h e th e n c e l e bra t e s the a bla ti on of br e a d ; h e

“

b rings in the s ymbol o f re s urre ctio n a n d w i n s the cro w n ,

w ith the s w ord I ’

.

W h a t m a s s e s o f fa n ta stic n on s e n s e i t w a s poss ibl e to

c ra m into o n e br a i n w a s s ho w n in the tim e o f N e ro the ,

b ra in be ing th a t o f Simon the M a gici a n S imon w a s a ft e r .

,

a ll a re pre s e nt a tive ma n ; h e re a pp e a rs in ch r i s ti a n G n o s
,

ti c i s m a n d Pe t e r w ho d e nounc e d him re a pp e a rs a l s o in
, , ,

the p hre n zy o f M ont a ni s m Ta k e the follo w e rs o f thi s .

S orc e re r w ors hipping h is im a ge in the lik e n e s s o f J upit e r ,

th e M oon a n d M in e rv a , a n d M ont a nu s w ith h i s w ild

1 Bu t,
’
sa ys Pr fo e sso r K i n g ( Gn o s tics, p .
‘
a d i s pa s s io n a te ex a mi n e r
w ill dis c o v e r tha t the se tw o ze a lo us a the rs F so me w ha t be g the qu e s tio n in
a ss u mi n g Mi thra i c r i te s w e r e i n v e n ted a s c o u n te r fe i ts o f the Chr is
tha t the
ti a n Sa c ra me n ts ; the fo r me r ha v i n g r e a lly be e n i n e x is te n c e lo n g be fo r e th e

p r o mu lga ti o n o f Chr is tia n i ty W h a te v e r m a y ha v e b

. e
’
e n t h e i n c i d e n ts i n the

li fe of Ch r i stc o n n e c te d w i th su c h thi n gs , i t i s c e r ta in ly tru e , as P r o fe sso r Kin g

s a ys, tha t the se
‘
w e re a fte r w a rd s i n v e s te d w i th the mys tic an d su pe r n a tu ra l

v i rtu e s, in a la te r a ge i n s is te d u
p on a s a r ti c le s o f fa i th, by s u c c e ed i n g a n d un

sc ru pu lo us mi ss io n a ri e s , ea ge r to out bid the a ttra c ti o n s o f mo r e a n c ie n t ce re

mo n ie s o f a c o gn a te c ha ra c te r I n the po rc h o f the C hu rc h Be cca della Ver il a

’
.

a t Ro me , t he r e is, o r w a s, a fr e sc o o f Ce re s she lli n g c o rn a n d Ba c c hu s pr e ssi n g

g p ,
ra e s fr o m th e m fa lli n g the e le m e n ts o f the E u c h a r i s tto a t
a b le be lo w T h i s .

w a s d e sc r i be d to me by a fr i e n d , bu t w he n I w e n t to se e i t i n 1 872 , i t ha d

j us t bee n w hi te w a s he d o v e r ! I c a lled the a tte n tio n of Sign o r Ro sa to this

sha me fu l p ro ce e d i n g a n d he ha d the n , so me ho pe tha t thi s v e r y i n te r e s ti n g

r e lic mi ght be r e co v e r e d .
 j E R 041 5 ON AN TI CH R I S T!

w om e n Pri scill a a n d M a x i milla going a bout cl a i mi n g to

be in s pire d by the H oly Gho s t to r e e s ta bl i s h S yr i a n -

orthodoxy a n d a s ce ticis m ; a n d w e h a ve fa ir s pe c i me ns o r
th e p a rti e s th a t gl a re d a t e a ch oth e r a n d a po s tr o p hi se d ,

e a ch oth e r a s childre n o f B e li a l Th e y com p e te d w ith .

e a ch oth e r by pre t e nd e d mira cl e s Th e y both cl a im e d th e .

n a m e o f Chri s t a n d a ll the a pprove d sym bols a n d s a cr a

,

m e nts The triumph o f o n e pa rty turn e d the ot h e r into

. .

A ntichri s t .

Thu s in proc e s s o f tim e a s o n e hydra h e a d fe ll o nly

,
-

to be follo w e d by a noth e r th e re w a s d e fi n e d a S pirit

,

common to a n d w orking through the m a ll a n e w d e v il — ,

w ho s e s p e ci a l o ffi c e w a s ho s tility to Chri s t a n d w ho se ,

ope ra tion s w e re through thos e w ho cla im e d to be chri s

ti a n s a s w e ll a s through ope n e n e mi e s .

A s u s u a l w h e n the phra s e s born o f re a l s t r uggl e s h a d

, , ,

lo s t th e ir m e a ning th e y w e re h a nd e d up to the th e o
,

lo gi a n s to be m a d e into p e rp e tu a l dogm a s Out o f a n .

imm e a s ura bl e m a s s o f the ori e s a n d s pe cul a tions w e ma y ,

re ga rd the follow ing p a s s a ge from J e rom e a s s ho w ing

w h a t h a d be com e th e pre va iling b e li e f a t the b e ginning o r

the fi fth c e ntury L e t u s s a y t ha t w hich a ll e ccl e s i a s tica l

.

w rit e rs h a v e h a nd e d do w n viz tha t a t the e n d o f the

,
.
,

w orld w h e n th e R om a n E mpire i s to be d e s troye d th e re

, ,

w ill b e te n kings w h o w ill divid e the R om a n w orld

.

a mong th e m ; a n d th e re w ill a ri s e a n e l e ve nt h littl e king

w ho w ill s ubdu e thre e o f th e te n kings th a t i s the king 01 , ,

E gypt o f A fric a a n d o f E thiopi a ; a n d on th e s e h a v ing

, ,

be e n s l a in the s e ve n oth e r kings w ill s ubmit

, An d .
’ ‘

be hold he s a ys in the r a m w e re the e ye s o f a ma n

,
’
,
‘

thi s i s th a t w e ma y not s uppo se hi m to b e a d e vil o r a

d a emon a s s om e h a v e thought but a ma n i n w hom Sa ta n
, ,

w i ll d w e ll utt e rly a n d bodily a n d a mouth s p e a ki n g

gre a t things fo r he i s the ma n o f s i n the so n o f pe r ‘

,
 AR M I LL U S . 2 47

d i tion , w ho s itt e th i n th e t e mpl e of God m a ki n g hi m s e l f

as God .
’ 1

Th e L ittl e H or n prove d a cornucopi a

of D a ni e l h a s
’

o f A ntichri s t s N o t only the chri s ti a n s but the J e w s a n d

.

th e mu s s ulm a n s h a v e d e fi nite b e li e fs on the s ubj e ct Th e .

r a bbinic a l n a m e fo r A ntichri s t i s A r mi llu s a w ord found ,

i n the Ta rgum ( I s a x i By the w ord o f hi s mouth

. .

th e w ick e d A r mi llu s s h a ll d i e Th e re w ill be t w e lve s ign s

’
.

o f th e M e s s a s —
i h coming a pp e a ra n c e o f thre e a pos t a t e
’

k ing s t e rribl e h e a t o f the s u n d e w o f blood h e a ling d e w

, , , ,

th e s u n d a rk e n e d fo r thirty d a ys unive rs a l po w e r o f R om e ,

w ith a fli i c ti o n fo r J e w s a n d the a pp e a ra nc e o f the firs t

,

M e s s i a s ( Jos e ph s tribe ) N e h e mi a h Th e n e xt a n d s e ve nt h
’
.
,

s ign w ill b e the a pp e a ra nc e o f A r mi llu s born o f a m a rbl e ,

s t a tu e in a church a t R om e Th e R om a n s w ill a cc e pt .

h i m a s th e ir god a n d the w hol e w orld be s ubj e ct to him

, .

N e h e mi a h a lon e w ill r e fu s e to w ors hip him a n d fo r thi s ,

w ill be s l a in a n d the J e w s s u ffe r t e rribl e thing s

, Th e .

e i ghth s ign w ill b e th e a ppe a ra nc e o f th e a ng e l M ich a e l

w ith thre e bl a s ts o f h is tru mp e t — w hich s h a ll c a ll forth

E li a s th e fore runn e r a n d the tru e M e s s i a s ( Be n D a vid)

, , ,

a n d bri n g on th e w a r w ith A r mi llu s w h o s h a ll p e ri s h a n d ,

a ll chri s ti a n s w it h him Th e te n t r ibe s s h a ll be ga th e re d

.

into Pa ra di se M e ss i a s s h a ll w e d the fa ire s t d a ughte r o f

.

the ir ra ce a n d w h e n he di e s his s on s s h a ll s ucc e e d him

, ,

a n d re ign in unbrok e n lin e ove r a be a ti fie d I s ra e l .

Th e mu s s ulm a n modific a tion o f the notion o f A nti

chris t i s ve ry re m a rk a bl e Th e y ca ll hi m A l B aj a i l th a t
. ,

i s the impos tor

, Th e y sa y th a t M oh a mm e d told h i s
.

fo llow e r Ta mi s r i A l D a ri th a t a t th e e n d o f the w orld

-
,

A ntichri s t w ould e nt e r J e ru s a l e m se a t e d on a n a s s ; but

tha t J e s u s w ill th e n m a k e h is s e cond coming to e ncounte r
hi m The B e a s t o f the A poc a lyp s e w ill a i d A ntichri s t
. ,

1
Op i v 5 1 x
. . . Co l Agr i p
. . 1 6 1 6.
2 43 AL D Aj j Al L

b u t J e su s w ill be join e d by I m a m M a h a di w ho h a s n e ve r ,

di e d toge th e r th e y w ill s u bdu e A ntichri s t a n d th e re a fter ,

the mu ss ul ma n s a n d chri s ti a n s w ill fo r e ve r b e u n i te d i n

o n e r e ligion The J e w s how e ve r w ill re ga rd A n tich r i st
.
, ,

a s th e ir e xp e c te d M e s s i a s A nti chri s t w ill be bli n d o f o n e

.

ey e a n d d e a f o f o n e e a r Unb e li e ve r w ill be w r i tte n o n ’

, .

h i s fore h e a d In th a t d a y the s u n w ill ri s e i n th e w e s t

.
1
.

The chri sti a n s po o r ly r e q u ite d t hi s a mica bl e th e o r y o f

the mu ss u lm a n s by ve ry e xt e n s i v e ly id e nti fy ing M o h a m
me d a s A ntich r i s t a t o n e p e ri od From th a t pe ri o d c a me
,
.

the E n gli s h w ord m w met (idol ) a n d ma mma ry ( id o l a tr y ) , ,

both o f w hich prob a bly a r e d e ri ve d fro m the n a m e o f the

, ,

A ra bi a n Proph e t D a nie l s L ittl e H o r n b e tok e n s a c c o r d

’ ’
.
,

i n g to M a r tin L uth e r M oh a mm e d ,
But w h a t a r e the L i ttle .
‘

H orn s E y e s ? The L ittl e H or n s E ye s s a ys h e me a n

’ ’ ’

, ,

M oha m me d s A lkora n or La w w h e re w ith he ru l e th

’
, In , .

th e w hich La w th e r e is n ought but s h e e r hum a n r e a so n

( e it e l m e n sc hlich e Ve rnu n ft F or h i s L aw h e ,
’

re ite ra te s t e a c h e s n othin g bu t th a t w hich hu m a n u n

,
‘

d e r s ta n d i n g a n d re a s on ma y w e ll li ke W h e re fore .
’

Chri s t w ill co me upon him w ith fir e a n d br im s to ne

‘ ’
.

—
W h e n he w rot e thi s i n h i s a r my s e r mon a g a ins t the
T urk s — i a 1 5 2 9 he ha d n e v e r se e n a K o ra n
,
B ro the r .
‘

R ich a rd s P e d i ge r o r d e n s ) Co nf u t a ti o A la rm” d a t e d
’

( r ,

1 300 forme d th e e xclu s ive b a s i s o f h is a r gum e nt

,
Bu t in .

L e nt o f I 540 he re la te s a La tin tr a ns l a tion though a ve r y

, , ,

u n s a ti s fa ctory o n e fe ll i nto h is h a nd s a n d onc e more he

, ,

re tu rn e d to Brothe r R icha rd a n d did h i s Re futa tion in to ,

G e rm a n s uppl e me nting his v e rs io n w i th b r i e f but r a cy

,

n ote s . Thi s Broth e r R ich a rd ha d a ccording to his o w n ,

1
Fo r fu ll d e ta i ls hese su pers titi o n s se e
o f a ll t E iscn me n ge r ( En td Jud li . . .

Ar mi lla s ) ; D He r be lo t (Bi b
’
r i e n t D a ggw d ) ;. O .
'

Bu x to r f (Le x i c o n , A med i an ) ;
Ca lme t, A s tir An }: an d on t
-
he sa me w o rd , Smi th a ls o a v a lu a ble a rti cle in
M Cli n toc k a n d Str o n g s Cyc Bib Li t ( An w ie s u )
‘ ’
. . .
 L UTH E R 01V M OH AM M E DZ 2 49

a c co un t gon e in qu e s t o f kn ow l e dge to Ba bylon th a t

,
‘
,

b e a u ti ful city o f th e Sa ra c e n s a n d a t B a bylon h e ha d

’
,

l e a r n t A ra bic a n d be e n inure d in the e vil w a y s o f th e

S a ra c e n s W h e n he ha d s a fe ly re turn e d to hi s n a tive
.

l a n d he s e t a bo ut c omb a ti n g th e sa m e A n d this i s hi s .

e x o rdiu m A t th e tim e o f the E mp e ror H e ra clius th e re

a r o s e a ma n y e a a D e vil a n d a fir s t born child o f Sa t a n
, , ,
-

w ho w a llo w e d i n a n d h e w a s d e a ling i n th e

Bl a ck A r t a n d his n a me i t w a s M a c h u me t Thi s
’
, .

w ork L uth e r m a d e kn ow n to h i s c o untrym e n by tr a n s la t

i n g a n d c omm e nting pr e fa ci n g a n d rounding i t o ff by a n , ,

e p ilogu e Tr u e hi s n ot e s a moun t to littl e more but a n

.
,

o cc a s ion a l Oh fie fo r s ha me y o u horrid D e vil y o u , , ,

d a mn e d M a hom e t or O Sa t a n Sa t a n y o u s h a l l p a y fo r
’

, , ,

th a t or Tha t s it D e vil s Sa ra ce n s Tu r k s i ts a ll the

’ ‘ ’ ’

, , . , , ,

s a me or H e re th e D e vil s m e ll s a r a t or bri e fly O P fu i
’ ’

, , , ,

D ich Te u fe l l e x ce pt w h e n h e mod e s tly w ith a q u e ry

’
, , ,

s ugg e s ts w h e th e r th o s e A s s a ss ins w ho a ccor d ing to hi s , ,

te xt a r e r e g u l a rly e d u ca t e d to go out i n to the w o rld i n

,

o rd e r to kill a n d s l a y a ll W orldly Po w e rs ma y not p e r , ,

c ha nc e h e the Gyp s i e s or th e Ta tt e rn ( Ta rta rs) ; o r

‘ ’
,

w h e n h e bre a k s do w n w ith a Hi c n e s c i o quid d i ca t tra n s

l a tor .
’
H is e pilogu e ho w e ve r i s d e vot e d to a s p e ci a l , ,

di squi s it io n a s to w h e the r M oh a mm e d o r the Pop e be

w o rs e A n d in the t w e nty s e cond ch a pt e r o f t hi s d is
.
-

i i ti o n he ha s a rrive d a t th e fin a l conclu s ion t h t ft r

q u s a a e ,

a ll t
,
he Pope is w ors e a n d tha t he a n d not M oh a mm e d i s , , ,

the re a l E n d e c h r i s t lVoiz/m h e w i n d s up God gra n t

’ ’
.
, ,

u s hi s gr a c e a n d puni s h both the Pop e a n d M oh a mm e d

, ,

t o ge th e r w ith the ir d e vil s I h a ve don e my pa rt a s a tru e .

pro phe t a n d t e a ch e r Tho se w ho w on t li s t e n ma y l e a ve .

’

i ta lon e In Simil a r s tra ins s p e a ks th e l e a rn e d a n d g e ntl e

’
.

Me la n c th o n In a n introductory e pi s tl e to a re print o f
.

t
ha t s a m e La tin K ora n w hich di s pl e a s e d L uth e r s o much ,
2
5 0 M A WM E I :

he find s fa ult w ith M oh a mm e d or ra th e r to u se his o w n , ,

w ord s h e thi n k s th a t M oh a mm e d i s in s pire d by Sa ta n

‘ ’
, ,

b e c a u s e h e doe s not e xpl a in w h a t s i n i s a n d furth e r

‘
,
’
,

s i n c e he s ho w c th not the r e a s on o f hu ma n mi s e ry He
‘ ’
.

a gr e e s w ith L uth e r a bout th e L ittl e H orn : thoug h in

a noth e r tre a ti s e h e i s ra th e r inclin e d to s e e in M oh a mm e d

both Gog a n d M a gog A n d M oh a mm e d s s e ct h e s a ys .

’

,
’

i s a ltog e th e r m a d e up (co nfl a ta ) o f bl a s ph e my robb e ry

‘
, ,

a n d s h a m e ful lu s t s N o r do e s it m a tt e r in th e l e a s t w h a t
’
.

the K ora n i s a ll a bout E ve n i f th e re w e re a nything l e s s

.

s currilou s in the book it n e e d not conc e rn u s a n y more ,

tha n the port e nts o f the E gypti a n s w ho invok e d s n a ke s ,

a n d ca ts .W e re it not th a t p a rtly thi s M oh a mm e d a n

p e s t a n d p a rtly the Pop e s idol a try h a ve long b e e n l e a d
,
’

—
ing u s s tra ight to w re ck a n d rui n ma y God h a ve m e rcy
upon s o me o f u s 1 ’

M a w m e t w a s u s e d by W i c li ffe fo r idol i n hi s t r a n s
‘ ’

l a tion o f the N e w Te s ta m e nt A cts v i i 4 1 A n d the y , .

,
‘

m a d e a c a l f in thos e d a ys a n d o ffe re d a s a crifice to the

M a w m e t (idol) The w ord though oth e r w is e d e riv e d by
’
.
,

s om e i s prob a bly a corruptio n o f M oh a mm e d

,
I n the .

M a pp a M undi o f th e thirt e e nth c e ntury w e find the r e p r e

s c u t a tion o f the gold e n c a lf in the promonto r y o f S in a i ,

w ith th e s up e rs cription M a hum fo r M oh a mm e d w hose ‘ ’

,

n a m e und e r va r iou s corruptions s uch a s M a hound M a w , ,

me t & c b e ca m e a g e n e ra l by w ord in the m e di ae va l

, .
,

l a ngu a ge s fo r a n idol In a mi ss ion a ry hymn o f W e sl e y s

.
’

M oh a mm e d i s a pos trophi s e d a s
Th a t Ar a b thie f
, S a ta n b o l
asd ,

W ho qu i te d e s tr o ye d Thy As i a n fo ld

an d th e Almighty i s a dj ure d to
The U n i ta r i a n fie n d ex p ,
e l
An d c ha se h i s d o c tr i n e ba c k to He ll .

Li t Re ma i n s I sla m
’
1 D e u tsc h, . . .
 c o p s APE
’
. 251

I n t h e se d a ys w h e n the ve ry m e ntion o f the D e vil ra is e s

,

a s m il e w e c a n h a rdly rea li s e the s ol e mnity w ith w hich

,

h i s w o rk w a s onc e vi e w e d W h e n Goe th e re pre s e n t s

.

M e phi s toph e l e s a s u nd e rt a king to t e a ch Fa u s t s cl a ss in

’

th e olo gy a n d d w e ll s on h i s orthodoxy it i s the re fra in o t ,

th e fa ith o f m a ny g e n e ra tion s The D e vil w a s not God s

’
.

A p e a s Te rtulli a n c a ll e d him in a n y comic a l w a y ; not

’
,

o n ly w a s hi s c e re moni a l b e l i e ve d to be mod e ll e d on
th a t o f G o d but his in s pira tion o f h i s follow e rs w a s be
,

li e v e d to b e quite a s pot e nt a n d e a rn e s t Te rtulli a n w a s .

con s tra in e d to w rit e in thi s s tra in Blu sh my Rom a n ,

fe llo w s oldi e rs e ve n i f y e a r e not to b e j udg e d by Chri s t

-

, ,

but by a n y s oldi e r o f M ithra s w h o w h e n he i s und e rgoin g ,

initi a tion in the ca ve the v e ry c a mp o f th e Po w e rs o f

,

D a rkn e s s w h e n the w re a th i s o ffe r e d him (a s w ord b e i n g

, ,

pla ce d b e tw e e n a s i f in s e mbl a nce o f m a rtyrdom ) a n d ,

the n a bout to be se t on h is h e a d he i s w a rn e d to put ,

fo rth h is h a nd a n d pu s h the w re a th a w a y tra n s fe rri n g it ,

to pe rch a nc e h is s hould e r s a ying a t the s a m e tim e M y

, , , ,

only crow n i s M ithra s A n d th e nc e forth he n e ve r w e a rs

.

a w re a th ; a n d thi s i s a m a rk h e h a s fo r a t e s t w h e n e ve r ,

tri e d a s to hi s initi a tion fo r he i s imm e di a t e ly prov e d to

,

be a s oldi e r o f M ithra s i f h e thro w s do w n the w re a th

offe re d him s a yi n g h is crow n i s in his go d Le t u s th e re
, .

fore a ck n o w l e d ge the cra ft o f the D e vil w ho mimics ,

ce rta i n thin gs o f tho se th a t be divin e in ord e r th a t h e ,

ma y con found a n d judge u s by th e fa ith o f h is o w n

fo ll o w e rs
’
.

Thi s w a s w ritt e n be fore the e x a lta tion o f Chri s ti a nity

u n de r Con s t a ntin e W h e n the a ge o f th e m a rtyrdom o f
.

—
the so c a ll e d p a g a n s c a m e o n th e s e formul a b e c a m e re a l
, ,

a n d the chri s ti a n s w e re s till more con found e d by finding

tha t the w ors hipp e rs o f the D e vil a s th e y thought th e m , ,

co uld yi e ld up th e ir live s in m a ny p a rts o f E urop e a s

2 5: M E D I / E VAL N O TI ON S .

bra ve ly fo r the ir fa ith a s a n y c hri s ti a n ha d e v e r d on e .

Th e P r ince o f thi s w orld be ca m e thu s a n u n me a n i n g

’

phra s e e xc e pt fo r the h e re tics Chri s t ha d b e c o m e the .

Prince o f this w orld ; a n d he w a s oppos e d by r e ligi o u s

d e vot e e s a s e a rn e s t a s a n y w ho ha d s u ffe re d u n d e r N e ro .

Th e r e l a tio n o f the Oppos ition to the D e vi l w a s y e t mo re

close ly de fi n e d w h e n it cl a i me d the chri s ti a n n a me fo r i ts
s chi s m or h e r e s y a n d w h e n it c a rr i e d i ts loy a lty to th e
,

A dv e rsa r y o f the Church to the e xte nt o f s u ffe r in g ma rtyr

dom Te ll me holy fa th e r s a id E v e r v i n u s to S t Be r
‘ ’
.
, , .

n a rd conc e rning the A lb ige n s e s ho w i s thi s ? T h e y

, ,
‘

e nt e r e d to th e s ta k e a n d bore th e torm e nt o f the fi r e n o t

only w ith p a ti e nce but w it h joy a n d gl a dn e ss I w i s h

,
.

your e xpl a n a tion ho w th e s e me mbe rs o f the D e vi l co u ld

,

p e rs is t in th e ir h e re s y w ith a c o u ra ge a n d con s ta n cy
s ca rc e ly to b e fou n d in th e mo s t r e ligiou s o f the fa i t h

o f Chri s t ?
’

Und e r the se ci rcumst a nc e s the p e rs onifica tion o f A n t i

chri s t ha d a n a tura l but s till w ond e rfu l d e ve lopm e nt H e .

w a s to be born o f a virgin in Ba bylon to be e d uca t e d a t

, ,

Be th s a id a a n d Chora zin a n d to m a k e a triumph a l e ntry

,

into J e r u s a l e m procl a iming hims e l f the So n o f Go d I n

,
.

the int e rvi e w a t M e s sin a ( 1 2 02 ) be tw e e n R ich a r d I a n d .

the A bbot Joa chim o f Flori s the king s a id ,

I thought tha t ,

A ntichri s t w ould be born a tA ntioch or in B a bylon a n d o f ,

the trib e o f D a n a n d w ould re ign in the t e mpl e o f the L ord

,

in J e ru s a l e m a n d w ould w a lk in th a t l a nd in w hich Chri st

,

w a lk e d a n d w ould r e ign in it fo r thre e y e a rs a n d a h a l f

, ,

a n d w ould di s put e a ga in s t E lij a h a n d E noch a n d w o uld ,

kill th e m a n d w ould a ft e rw a rd s d ie ; a n d th a t a fte r his

,

d e a th God w ould gi v e s ixty d a ys o f re pe nta nce in w hich ,

thos e might re pe nt w hich s hould h a ve e rre d from the w a y

o f truth a n d h a ve b e e n s e duc e d by th e pr e a ching o f A nti
,

chri s t a n d hi s fa l se p roph e ts .
’
 AN I N FE R N AL TR I N I T Y . 2
53

T hi s b e li e f w a s re fl e ct e d in W e ste rn E urope in the

b e li e f th a t th e congre g a tion o f W itch e s a s se mbl e d o n
th e ir Sa bb a th (a n in s titution th e n i n clu d e d a mong p a ga n
i s ms ) to c e l e bra te gra nd m a s s to the D e vil a n d th a t a ll ,

th e primitiv e t e mpl e s w e re ra i s e d i n honour o f Sa t a n In .

th e R u s s i a n Church the co r re s pond e nce b e t w e e n th e good

a nd e vil po w e rs , follow ing th e i r primitive fa ith in the

co nfl ict be tw e e n By e lbo g a n d Tc h o r n i bo g ( w hit e god a n d
bl a ck god) w e nt to th e curiou s e xt e nt o f picturi n g in
,

h e ll a s ort o f in fe rn a l Trinity Th e Fa th e r thron e d in

.

H e a ve n w ith th e So n b e t w e e n h i s kn e e s a n d the D o ve
b e s id e or be n e a th him w a s re pli e d to by a m a j e s tic Sa ta n
,

in h e ll hold i n g h is So n
,

( Jud a s
) on h is kn e e s ,a n d
th e Se rp e nt a cting a s c oun

te r a ge n t o f th e D ove . Thi s
s i n gul a r a rra ng e m e nt ma y

s till b e s e e n in ma n y o f the

pic ture s w hich cove r the

w a ll s o f th e old e s t R u s s i a n

ch u rch e s ( Fig . The

in fe rn a l god i s not w ithout
a s ol e mn m a j e s ty a n s w e ring

to tha t o f h i s gre a t a nta

g o n i s t a bov .e T h e S e rp e n t
o f S in s proc e e d s from the

dia bolica l Fa th e r a n d So n ,

pa s s ing from b e n e a th the ir Fig 9 —P . a o c 1t

ss ro uS o, r n a
'
a n asu r or

thron e through o n e o f the 5 ”

tw o mo n ths o f H e ll a n d th e n w i n d s up w a rd hungr i ly
, ,

ope ning i ts j a w s n e a r the t e rr ibl e B a la nc e s w h e re

s oul s a r e w e igh e d ( F ig . A long i ts hi d e ou s l e ngth
a re se a te d a t re gul a r inte rva l s nin e w i n ge d d e vil s ,

re pre s e n ting proba bly a nt a gonis ts o f the nin e Se p hi

2 54 SE R PE N T OF SI N S .

roth or JE o n s of Gno s tic th e ology E a ch i s a r m e d

th e .

w ith a hook w h e r e by th e s oul s w e igh e d a n d fo u nd

w a nting ma y be d r a gge d .

The s in s w hich th e s e d e v ils

re pre s e nt a r e l a be ll e d ge n e ,

ra lly o n rings a round th e se r

p e nt a n d incre a s e in h e inou s
,

n e s s to w a rd s the h e a d It is .

a curiou s fa ct tha t th e Si n

n e a re s t the h e a d is m a rke d
Unm e rci fu ln e s s S tra nge .
’

a n d uncon s ciou s s a rc a s m o n

a n O mnipot e nt D e ity u nd e r

w ho s e s w a y e xi s t s thi s e l a bo

hora tion o f a s ch e m e o f s in s
a n d tortur e s pre ci s e ly co r re

Fig
. 1a—A e
x c ra u W
ss x a rt
s p
A LL
o n d ’n g to th e S ch e m e O f
PW ' T NG
virtu e s a n d j o ys !
Tr u ly s a id the E pi s tl e o f John th e re b e m a ny A n ti ,

ch r i s ts I f thi s w a s tru e b e fore th e w ord Chri s ti a nity ha d

.

b e e n form e d or the s ys te m it n a m e s w h a t w a s the ca s e

, ,

a ft e r w a rd s For c e nturi e s w e find v a s t sys te m s d e n o u n c

i n g e a ch o th e r a s A ntichri s t A n d ultim a te ly a s a s ubtl e
.
,

h a rdly con s c iou s h e re s y s pre a d a bro a d the gre a t e x c o m

-

mu n i c a to r o f a ntichri s t s it s e l f R om e a cquire d th a t titl e

, , ,

w hich it ha s n e ve r s h a k e n o ff s inc e Th e Se e o f R om e .

did not firs t re c e ive th a t a pp e ll a tion from Prote sta nts but ,

from i ts o w n chi e fs Gre gory him s e l f

.
59 )
0 s ta rt e d
th e id e a by d e cl a ring th a t a n y ma n w h o h e ld e ve n the

s h a do w o f s uch po w e r a s th e Pop e s a rroga t e d to th e m

s e lve s a ft e r h is tim e w ould be th e fore ru n n e r o f A ntich r i s t .

A r n u lp h u s Bi s hop o f Orl e a n s i n a n inv e ctive a g a i n st

, ,

John X V a t R h e im s (A C
. . .intim a t e d th a t a Pope
d e s titute o f ch a rity w a s A n tichri s t But the s tigm a w as .
 AN TI CH R I S T P OPE S 2 55

a t l e ngth fixe d ( t w e l fth ce ntury) by A ma lri c h o f B e n a

1

Qui a P a pa e s s e t A n ti c h r is tu s e t R om a B a bylon e t ipse

s e dit in M ont e Oliv e ti in pi n gu e din e p o te s ta ti s ) ’
,

a n d a l s o bv the A bbot Jo a chim ( A C The th e ory o f . .

R ich a rd I a s s ta t e d to Joa chim conc e rning An tichri s t h a s

.
, ,

a lre a dy b e e n quot e d It w a s in the pre s e nce o f the A rc h

.

b i s hop s o f R ou e n a n d A ux e rre a n d th e Bi s hop o f Ba y ,

o nn e a n d re pre s e nt e d th e ir opinion a n d the common b e li e f

,

o f the tim e But Joa chim s a id the Se cond A poca lyptic

.

Be a s t re pre s e nt e d s om e gre a t pre l a t e w ho w ill be lik e

S imon M a gu s a n d a s it w e re unive rs a l Ponti ff a n d th a t
, , , ,

v e ry A ntichri s t o f w hom St .

Pa ul s p e a ks H ild e bra nd
.

w a s th e firs t Pop e to w hom

thi s ugly l a b e l w a s a ffix e d ,

b u tthe c a re e r o f Al e x a nd e r
V I ( R od e ric Borgi a ) m a d e
.

i t fo r e ve r irre mova bl e fo r
th e Prot e s t a nt mind Th e re .

i s in th e Briti s h M u se um a
v olum e o f c a rica ture s d a t e d ,

1 54 5 in w hich occurs a n
,

i n g e niou s re pre s e nt a tion o f

A l e x a nd e r V I The Po p e .

i s firs t s e e n in hi s c e re moni a l
rob e s ; but a l e a f be ing ra i s e d ,

a noth e r figure i s join e d to

the low e r p a rt o f th e form e r ,

a n d th e re a p p e a r s th e p a p a l
Fg —A VI A i . l l . Lu AN D n . AS N T ICH R I GT .

d e vil the cros s in h is h a nd

,

be ing ch a nge d to a pitch fork ( Fig A tt a ch e d to it .

i s a n e xpl a n a tion in G e rm a n giving the l e ge nd o f the

Pop e s d e a th H e w a s poi s on e d ( 1 503) by the cup he ha d
’
.

pre pa re d fo r a noth e r ma n It w a s a fte rw a rds sa id th a t he

.
2 5 6 L UTH E R A S A N TI CI I R I S T

ha d cure d the p a p a cy by a i d o f the D e vil H a ving a s k e d

se .

h o w long h e w ould re ign the D e vil r e tu rn e d a n e quivo ca l

,

a n s w e r ; a n d thoug h A l e x a nd e r und e r s tood th a t i t w a s to

be fi ft e e n y e a rs it prove d to be only e l e ve n
,
W he n i n .

1 5 2 0 Pop e L e o X i s s u e d his form a l bull a ga in s t L u th e r

.
,

the re form e r t e rm e d it the e x e cr a bl e b u ll o f A ntichri s t

‘ ’
.

A n Ita li a n po e m o f th e tim e h a vi ng re pre s e nt e d L uth e r

a s th e o ffs pring o f M e ga r a ,

th e G e rm a n s r e turn e d th e
in v e ctive in a form mo r e

lik e ly to i mpre ss the popul a r

min d n a me ly i n a ca ric a t u r e ,

( Fig r e pre se
. nti n g th e

s a id Fury a s nu rs ing th e
Pope Thi s ca rica ture is a l s o
.

o f d a t e 1 54 5 a n d w ith it w e r e ,

oth e rs s ho w ing A l e cto a n d

Ti s iphon e a cti ng in oth e r c a
Fg i .
—T P N m
rs rrs ru e Ioa av con s.

c iti e s fo r the p a p a l ba be
p a .

The L uth e ra n s h a d m a d e the di s cov e ry th a t th e

n u mb e r o f th e A poc a lyptic B e a s t 666 p u t into H e br e w , ,

num e ra l l e tt e rs conta i n e d the w ord s A be r zn K a d esclx a

'

Papa (our holy fa th e r the Pop e ) The do w n fa ll o f thi s

.

A ntichri s t w a s a fa vou r it e th e m e o f pu l pit e loqu e nce a n d ,

a l s o w i th a rti s t s A v e r y s pirit e d p a m phl e t w a s print e d

.

a n d illu s tra t e d w ith d e s ig n s by L uth e r s fri e nd

’

L uca s Cr a n a ch It w a s e ntit le d Pa s s i on a l Ckr zs ti a n d

'

A mie / v i s ta The fa ll o f the p a p a l A ntichri s t ( Fig ha s .

fo r i ts comp a nion o n e o f Chri s t w a s hing the fe e t o f h is

di s ci pl e s .

Bu t th e Ca tholic s could a l s o m a k e di s cove ri e s ; a n d

a mo n g ma ny oth e r thing s th e y found t ha t the w ord

L uth e r i n H e bre w n um e ra l s a l s o m a d e the n umb e r o f

‘ ’

the B e a s t It w a s re m e mb e re d th a t o n e o f the e a r li e s t
.
 R E F ORM E R a . P OPE . 2 57

pre d iction s conc e rning A ntichri s t w a s tha t he w ould

tra ve s ty the birth o f Chri s t from a virgin by b e ing born
o f a nun by a Bi s hop L uth e r s m a rri a g e w ith the n u n
’
.

Ca th a rin e von Bora c a m e s u ffi ci e ntly n e a r the pre diction

to be w e lcom e d by h i s e n e mi e s The s ourc e o f h is i n .

s pira tion a s und e rs tood by Ca tholic s i s cl e v e rly indic a t e d

i n a c a rica ture o f the p e riod ( Fig .

x y —Au r rc n a x s r
'
Fi g D a s ca u r ( L Cr a n a c n)
' '
. s . .

Th e th e ory th a t the Pa p a cy re pre s e nt s A ntichri s t ha s

s o long b e e n th e s ol e mn b e li e f o f re be l s a ga in s t i ts a u th o

rity th a t it h a s b e com e a vulga ri s e d a rticl e o f Prote s ta nt

,

fa it h .On the oth e r h a nd Ca tholics a p p e a r to t a k e a

,

politic a l a n d pro s p e ctive vi e w o f A ntichri s t Ca rdin a l .

M a nning in h i s p a s tora l follow ing th e e l e ction o f L e o

,

X III s a id : A tid e o f re vo lution h a s s w e pt ove r a ll

.
,
‘

c ountri e s E v e ry p e opl e in E urope i s i n w a rdly divid e d

.

VOL I I . . R
a 5s M OD E R N N o H o me OF AN TI CI I R I S T:

a ga in s t its e l f a n d the old s oci e ty o f Chri s te ndom w ith its

, ,

l a w s i ts s a nctiti e s a n d i ts s ta bility i s giving w a y b e fore

, , ,

the popul a r w ill w hich ha s no la w or ra th e r w hich cl a im s

, ,

to be a la w to it se l f This i s a t l e a s t the fore running s ig n

.

o f th e La w l e s s O n e w h o in h i s o w n tim e s h a ll be re v e a l e d
’
, .

F ig
. n a
—L '
ur n a x s s n . as a m av Ca r n o u cs .

Throughout the ndl e ss e xch a nge o f e pith e ts it ha s

e ,

b e e n m a d e cl e a r th a t A ntichri s t is the r ed uctio a d a bsu r

d u m o f the notio n o f a p e rs on a l D e v il From the d a y .

w h e n th e w ord w a s firs t coi n e d it h a s a ss um e d e ve r y

,

va ri e ty o f s h a pe ha s fitt e d w ith e qu a l pre ci s ion th e mo s t

,

contra riou s things a n d p e rs on s ; a n d the n e e d o f s uch a

nove l form a t o n e point or a nothe r in the progre s s o f
controve rs y i s a s a tire o n the in a d e qu a cy o f Sa ta n a n d
h i s a nci e nt mini s te rs Bygon e D e vil s c a nnot re pre s e nt
.

n ew a nimos iti e s The a s ce nt o f e ve ry e ccl e s i a s tica l or

.

th e o lo gi ca i sy s t e m i s tra c e a bl e i n m a ss a cre s a n d m a rty r

 I R RE L I G I O US R E L I GI ON S . 2 59

d om s ; e a ch o f th e s e , w h e th e r on one id e or the oth e r

s ,

h e lp s to d e ve lop a n e w d e vil . The s to r y o f A ntichri s t

s ho w s d e vil s in the m a king . M e a ntim e to e y e s th a t s e e
,

h o w e ve ry s ys t e m so built u p mu s t s a crific e a virtu e a t

e v e ry s t a g e o f i ts a s c e nt it w ill be s u ffi ci e ntly cl e a r th a t
,

e ve r y pow e r ful Church i s A dv e rs a ry o f th e re ligion it

cl a im s to re pre s e nt Buddhi s m i s A n tib u d d ha ; I s l a m is

.

A n ti mo ha mme d Chri s ti a nity i s A ntichri s t .

 ( 2 60 )

C H A PTE R X X I I .

TH E P RI D E OF LI FE .

The c u r se o f I li s —Sa ma el
b as D e mo c r a t— H i s i n d i c a ti o n by Ch r i s t
v

a n d Pa ul— As mo da u s— H i s to r y o f th e n a me —As c h me d a i o f t he
J e w s — Bo o k To it— D o r é s
b Tr i u mph of Ch r i s ti a n i ty
’
of
‘

Au c a s s i n an d N i c o le tte As mo d e u s i n the co n v e n t Th e
mo de u s Le Sa ge — M e phi s to ph e le s— Bla e s M a r r i a ge k ’
As of o f
Heav en a n d H e ll — — ’
The D e v il a n d th e r ti ts Sad i s Vi s i o n
a s of

Sa ta n —Ar ts of th e Dev il— Su s pi c i o n of b e a u ty — E a r thly an d

h e a v e n ly ma n s io n s —D e a c o n v e r s us D e v il .

O N th e pa ra p e t o f the e xt e rn a l ga ll e ry o f N 6tr e D a m e i n
P a ri s is the c a rve d form o f hum a n s iz e re pre s e nt e d in o u r
, ,

figure Th e re i s in th e
fa c e a re m a rk a bl e e xpre s
s ion o f prid e a n d s a tisfa c

tion a s he look s forth on the

g ya city a n d cont e mpl a t es

a ll th e w ick e dn e s s in it ,

but thi s s a ti s fa ctio n i s

cu rio u s ly bl e nd e d w ith a
look o f e nvy a n d l u s t .

H i s e l e ga nt h e a d dre ss
gi v e s hi m the pomp be
co ming the A s mode u s
pre s iding ove r the mos t
bri lli a nt ca pit a l in the
F g 5 —T
i P L
w o rld
. 1 . 11 11 ains or ur e .
.

H is se a t on the fin e p a ra p e t i s i n contra st
 TH E D OOM OF 2 61

p la c e ign e d him in E a st e rn tra dition s

a ss r u in s a n d

d e se rt pl c
a e s — but othe rw i se h e fa irly fulfill e d no doubt
, , ,

e a rly id e a s in s e l e cting h is h e a dqu a rt e rs a t P a ri s A .

mu s s u lm a n l e g e nd s a ys tha t w h e n a fte r the Fa ll o f M a n , ,

A ll a h w a s mitig a ti n g the s e nt e nc e s h e h a d pronounc e d ,

Iblis (w ho a s the K ora n re l a te s pl e a d e d a n d o bta in e d

, ,

the d e fe rm e nt o f hi s con s ignm e nt to H e ll u n til the r e s ur

re cti o n a n d unlimit e d pow e r ove r s i n n e rs w ho do not

,

a cc e pt th e w ord o f A ll a h ) a s k e d

W h e re s h a ll I d w e ll in the m e a ntim e
In ruin s tombs a n d a ll oth e r uncl e a n pl a c e s s hunn e d
, ,

by ma n .

W h a t s h a ll be my food ?
‘
A ll thi n gs s l a in in th e n a m e o f ido ls .

"
H o w s h a ll I qu e nch my thirs t ?
W ith w in e a n d intoxica ting liquors .

W h a t s h a ll occupy my l e i s ure hours ?

M u s ic s ong love po e try a n d d a ncing
, ,
-

, .

W h a t i s my w a tchw ord
Th e curs e o f A ll a h until the d a y o f judgm e n t .

‘
But ho w s h a ll I conte nd w ith ma n to w hom thou h a st ,

gra nt e d tw o gu a rdi a n a nge l s a n d w ho ha s r e ce ive d thy ,

re ve la tion
‘
T y prog e ny h a ll be more n um e rou s th a n h i s
h s —fo r ,

fo r e ve ry ma n th a t i s born th e r e s h a ll com e into the w orld

,

s e ve n e vil s pirit s—but th e y s h a ll be po w e rl e s s a ga in st th e

fa ith ful
’
.

Ibli s w ith w in e s ong a n d d a nc er the pride o f li fe i s

, ,
-
‘ -

a l s o s a id to h a ve b e e n a id e d i n e nt e ring P a ra di se by th e '

pe a cock w hich he fla tte re d

,
1
.

T hi s fa bl e though l a t e r th a n th e e r a o f M oh a mm e d
,

in form i s a s a nci e nt a s the myth o f E d e n in s ubsta nc e

, .

Th e ge rm o f it i s a lre a dy in the b e li e f th a t J e hova h

1
W e il s Bi blica l Le ge n ds
’
.
’
 ( 2 60 )

C H A PTE R X X I I .

TH E P RID E OF LI FE .

The c u rse o f b —Sa ma el a s

I li s D e mo c r a t— H i s i n d i c a ti o n by Ch r is t
v

a n d Pa u l— Asmo d ii u s— H i s to r y o f th e n a me — Asc h me d a i o f th e

J ews — Bo o k of b
To i t D oré s
’
Tr i u mph of Ch r i s ti a n i ty
Au c a s s i n d
N i c o le tte
an As mo d e u s i n the c o n v e n t Th e
— —
As mo d e u s o f Le Sa ge M e ph i sto ph e le s Bla e s M a r r ia ge o f
’
k
H e a v e n a n d H e ll — The D e v i l a n d th e a r ti s ts — Sa d i s Vi s i o n o f
’

Sa ta n — Ar ts h
o f t e D e il
v — Su s pi c io n of b t
ea u y— E a r th ly an d
h e a v e n ly ma n s io n s —D e a c o n v er s u s D e v il .

O N th e pa ra p e t o f the e xt e rn a l ga ll e ry o f N otre D a m e in
P a ri s is the c a rve d form o f hum a n s iz e re pre s e nte d in our
, ,

figure Th e re i s in the
fa ce a re m a rk a bl e e xpre s
s ion o f prid e a n d s a tis fa c

tion a s he looks forth on the

g ya ci ty a n d cont e mpl a t es

a ll th e w ick e dn e s s in it ,

but thi s s a ti s fa ction i s

curiou s ly bl e nd e d w ith a
look o f e nvy a n d lu s t .

H is e l e g a nt h e a d dre s s
gi v e s h i m the pomp be
coming the A s mod e u s
pre s iding ove r the mo s t
brilli a nt ca pita l in the
Fi g s —T P
w orld
. r . un L aw s or i r a.
.

H is s e a t on the fin e p a ra p e t i s in contra s t w ith the

 TH E D OOM OF I BLI S .

p la c e ign e d him in E a st e rn tra dition s

a ss r u in s a n d

d e s e rt pl a ce s — but othe r w i s e h e fa irly fulfill e d no doubt

, , ,

e a rly id e a s in s e l e cting h is h e a dqu a rt e rs a t P a ri s A .

mu s s ulm a n l e g e nd s a ys th a t w h e n a fte r the Fa ll o f M a n , ,

A ll a h w a s mitig a ti n g th e s e nt e nc e s h e h a d pronounce d ,

Ibli s (w ho a s the K ora n re l a te s pl e a d e d a n d o bta i n e d

, ,

the d e fe rm e nt o f h i s con s ignm e nt to H e ll until the r e s ur

re ction a n d unlimit e d pow e r ove r s i n n e r s w ho do n o t

,

a cc e pt th e w ord o f A ll a h) a s k e d

W h e re s h a ll I d w e ll in the m e a ntim e
In ruin s tombs a n d a ll oth e r u ncl e a n pl a c e s s hu n n e d
, ,

by ma n .

W h a t s ha ll be my food ?
A ll things s l a in in th e n a m e o f idols
‘
.

"
H o w s h a ll I qu e nch my thirs t
W ith w i n e a n d intoxic a ting liquors .

W h a t s h a ll occupy my l e i s ure hou rs ?

M u s ic s ong lov e po e try a n d d a ncing
, ,
-

, .

W h a t i s my w a tch w ord
Th e curs e o f A ll a h until the d a y o f judgm e nt .

‘
But ho w s h a ll I cont e nd w ith ma n to w ho m thou h a s t ,

gra nt e d tw o gu a rdi a n a nge l s a n d w ho ha s r e c e ive d thy ,

re ve l a tion
‘
Thy prog e ny s h a ll be more num e rou s th a n h i s fo r ,
-

fo r e ve ry ma n th a t i s born th e re s h a ll com e into the w orld

,

s e v e n e vil s pirit s— but th e y s h a ll be po w e rl e s s a ga in st th e

fa ith ful
’
.

,
—
Ibli s w ith w i n e s ong a n d d a nce the prid e o f li fe i s
,
— ‘

a l s o s a id to h a ve b e e n a id e d in e nt e ring P a r a di s e by th e

pe a cock w hich h e fl a tte re d

,
1
.

Thi s fa bl e though l a t e r th a n th e e r a o f M oh a mm e d
,

in form i s a s a nci e nt a s the myth o f E d e n in s u bs ta nc e

, .

The ge rm o f it i s a lre a dy in the be li e f tha t J e hova h

1
W e il s Biblica l Lege n ds
’
.
’
2 64 A S CH M E D A I .

fa ith ful in both w orld s from D e a th the V iol e nt fro m

‘
,

A es h ma th e V iol e nt from th e hos t s o f Viol e n c e th a t ra i s e

,

a lo ft th e t e rribl e b a nn e r — from the a s s a ults o f A es hm a

th a t he m a k e s a long w ith Vfd atu D ivid e r ,

the d e mon cre a t e d H e i s thu s th e l e a ding re pre s e nta tive

’
-
.

o f di s s olution th e fa t a l po w e r o f A hrim a n
,
Ormuzd is .

s a id to h a ve cre a te d Sr a o s ha to be the d e s troye r o f

‘
A es hm a o f th e fa ta l l a nce Sr a o sha ( the H e a re r ) .
’ ‘ ’

i s the mora l va nqui s he r o f A es hm a in di s tinction ,

from H a om a w h o i s hi s chi e f oppone nt in the phy s ica l

,

dom a in .

S uch follo w ing W i n d i s c h ma n n

,
1
i s the origi n o f the ,

d e vil w hom the a pocrypha l book o f Tobit ha s m a d e

fa mili a r in E urop e a s A s mod e u s A s c h me d a i a s th e J e w s .
,

ca ll e d him a pp e a rs in thi s s to ry a s pre ci s e ly tha t s pi r i t

,

h —
d e s cribe d in t e Ave s ta th e d e vil o f V iol e nce a n d L u s t ,

w hos e p a s s ion fo r Sa ra l e a d s him to s l a y h e r s e v e n h u s

b a nd s o n th e ir w e dding night The d e vil s o f L u s t a r e -

.

con s id e re d e l s e w h e re a n d As mod e u s a mo n g th e m ; th e re
,

i s a noth e r a s p e ct o f him w hich h e re conc e rn s u s He i s .

a fa s tidiou s d e vil H e w ill not h a ve the obj e ct o f h i s

.

p a ss ion li a bl e to the e mbra c e o f a n y othe r H e ca nno t .

e ndure ba d s m e ll s a n d th a t ra i s e d by the s mok e o f t

, he
fis h e ntra il s burn t by Tobit drive s him into the utmos t
-
‘

p a rts o f E gypt w h e re the a ng e l bound him It i s ho w

, .
’

e ve r o f more import a nc e to re a d the s to r y by th e li ght o f

,

the ge n e ra l re put a tion o f A sc h me d a i a mong th e J e w s a n d

A r a bi a n s It w a s not a bly tha t o f the d e vil re pre se nte d in
.

th e M o s l e m tra dition a t the b e gin n ing o f th is cha pte r He .

i s th e E a s t e rn D o n Giov a n ni a n d L oth a rio he pli e s N oa h

a n d Solomon w ith w in e a n d s e duc e s the ir w ive s a n d , ,

Zo ro a str i sche Stu d i e n , pp

1
1 38 1 4 7. W i th w hi c h c o mp Spiege l, Tr a n sl
‘ ’
-
. . .

o f Av es t
a , I I I x lv ii . .
 B OOK OF T03 1 2: 2 65

a l w a ys a im s hi gh w ith hi s d a s hing i ntrigu e s . He w ould

'
h a v e cr i e d A m e n to L uth e r s li n e s

W ho lo v e s n o t w i n e, w o ma n , an d so n g,

H e li v es a fo o l h is w h o le li fe lo n g .

B e s id e s b e ing a n a ri s tocra t h e i s a schol a r the mo s t

'

, ,

l e a rn e d M a s t e r o f A rts e duca t e d i n th e gre a t Coll e ge o f

,

H e ll found e d by A s a a n d A s a e l a s e ls e w h e re re l a te d H e
, , .

w a s fond o f g a mi n g ; a n d s o fa s hion a bl e tha t Ca lme t

b e li e ve d h i s v e ry n a m e s ignifi e s fin e dre s s .

N o w the mora l r e fl e ction s in th e Book o f Tobit a n d i ts

, ,

c a s u a l intim a tion s conc e rning the po s ition o f the p e r s on s

c o nc e rn e d s how th a t th e y w e re J e w i s h c a ptiv e s o f th e
,

h u mbl e s t w orking cl a s s w hos e re ligion i s o f a typ e n o w

,

fo und chi e fly a mong the more ignora nt s e ct a ri a n s To bi ts

’
.

mora l in s truction s to his s o n In prid e i s d e s truction a n d

,
’

m uch troubl e a n d in l e w dn e s s i s d e ca y a n d m u ch w a nt
, ,

D rink not w in e to m a k e th e e drunk e n a n d h is c a r e ful

’
,

i n s tructi o n s a bout finding w e a lth in the fe a r o f God a r e ,

p r e ci se ly s uch a s w ould s h a p e a d e vil in th e im a g e o f

A s mod e u s To b i ts mora l trui s m s a r e m a d e fa l s iti e s by

’
.

h i s purit a ni s m : Pra y e r i s good w ith fa s ting a n d a lm s a n d

r ight e ou s n e s s b u t give nothing to the w icke d I f thou
s e rv e G o d h e w ill re p a y th e e
’
.

Ca k e s a n d a le do not c e a s e to e xi s t b e c a u s e To b i ts
‘ ’

a r e virtuou s ; but un fortun a t e ly th e y ma y be ra i s e d fro m

th e ir s ubordin a te to a n in s ubordin a te pl a c e by the tra n s fe r

o f r e ligiou s re s tra int s to the h a nd s o f Ignora nc e a n d Ca n t .

A s mod e u s d e fin e d a g a in s t P e rs i a n a n d J e w i s h a s c e tici s m
,

a n d hypocri s y h a d h i s a ttr a ction s fo r me n o f th e w orld

, .

Through him th e d e vil be c a m e pe rilou s ly a s s oci a t e d w ith

w i t g a ll a ntry a n d th e o n e cr e e d o f y outh w hich i s not a t
, ,

a ll con s u mptive

Gr e y i s a ll The o r y,
Gre e n Life
’
s go lde n -
ru i te d tr ee !
f
 AN GE L S 0 . G OD D E SSE S .

E s p e ci a lly did As mode u s re pre s e nt the s ubordin a tio n

o f s o c a ll e d re ligiou s a n d trib a l dis tinctions to s e cu l a r
‘ ’
-

con s id e ra tion s A s Sa m a el ha d pe tition e d fo r a n e xte n

.

s io n o f th e A bra h a mic Cov e n a nt to a ll th e w orld a n d fa i l e d

to s e cure it from J e hova h A s mod e u s propos e d to d is r e

,

ga rd the di s tinction The re is much in the Book o f Tobit

.

w hich look s a s i f it w e re w ritt e n e s p e ci a lly w ith th e i n te n

tion o f pe rsu a ding J e w i s h youth t e mpte d by B a byloni a ns ,

to m a rri a ge th a t th e ir love rs might prove to be s uccubi

,

o r incubi . Tobit implore s hi s s o n to m a rry in h i s o w n

trib e a n d n o t t a k e a s tra ng e w om a n A s mod e u s w a s a s
‘ ’
.
,

cos mopolita n a s th e god o f L ove him se l f a n d m a ny o f his ,

ugli e r e a rly ch a ra cte ri s tics w e re hidd e n out o f s ight by

s uch l a t e r d e ve lopm e nts .

Gu s ta ve D oré ha s p a inte d in his vivid w a y th e Triumph

o f Chri s ti a nity I n it w e se e the a nge lic hos ts w ith dra w n
’
.

s w ord s ove rthro w ing th e for ms a dore d o f p a g a ni s m — hurl

i n g th e m h e a dlong into a n a bys s So fa r a s the b a ttl e .

a n d victory go thi s i s j u s t th e conc e ption w h i ch a n e a rly

,

chri s ti a n w o u ld h a ve ha d o f w h a t took pl a ce throu gh the

a dve nt o f Chri s t It fill e d th e ir s ouls w ith joy to b e hold
.

by Fa ith s vi s ion thos e dra pe d a nge ls c a sting dow n u n

’

d ra p e d godd e s se s ; th e y w ould d e light to im a gin e h o w the

fa ll might bre a k th e bon e s o f thos e b e a uti ful limbs For .

th e y n e ve r thought o f th e s e gods a n d godd e ss es a s s ta tu e s ,

but a s re a l s e ductive d e vil s ; a n d w h e n th e s e chri s ti a ns

h a d brought ove r th e a rts th e y o fte n picture d the bl a ck ,

s oul s coming out o f th e s e fa ir idol s a s th e y fe ll .

D oré ma y h a ve tri e d to m a k e the a nge l s a s b e a uti ful a s

th e godd e ss e s but h e h a s not s ucc e e d e d
, I n thi s h e ha s .

inte rpre t e d the h e a rt be hind e ve r y d e formity w hich w a s

e ve r a dd e d to a p a ga n d e ity Th e horror o f th e monks .

w a s tra n s p a re nt hom a g e W hy did th e y s ta rve a n d

.

s courg e th e ir bodi e s a n d roll th e m in thorn s ? B e ca u se

,
 A U CASSI N AN D N I COLE TTE . 2 67

n ote ve n by d e fa cing the b e a uti ful im a ge s w e re the y a bl e

to e xp e l from th e ir in w a rd w ors hip the love ly id e a l s th e y
re pre s e nt e d .

It i s not di ffi cult n o w to p e rce ive th a t the old monks

w e re con s igning th e p a ga n id e a l s to im a gin a ry a n d th e m

s e lve s to a ctu a l h e ll s in full hop e o f th e re by g a ining

, p e r

ma n e nt po s se s s ion o f the s a m e be a uty a bj ure d o n e a rth .

T h e love lin e s s o f th e w orld w a s tra n s i e nt Th e y gre w .

morbid a bout d e a th ; be n e a th the ro s i e s t for m th e y sa w

th e s k e l e ton The h e a ve nly a nge l s th e y longe d fo r w e r e
.

V e nu s e s a n d A pollo s w ith no s ke l e ton s vi s ibl e be n e a th

,

th e ir immort a li s e d fl e s h Th e y n e ve r m a d e s a crific e s fo r a
.

d i se mbodi e d h e a ve n Th e forc e o f s e l f c r u c i fi x i o n la y in
.
-

th e cre e d — I b e li e ve in th e re s urre ctio n o f the body a n d

‘
,

th e li fe e ve rl a s ting
’
.

The w orld could not g e n e ra lly be turn e d into a bl a ck

p roc e s s ion a t i ts o w n fun e ra l In proportion to th.e con

q u e s ts o f Ch r i s ti a nity mu s t be i ts progre s s ive s urr e nd e r to

the u nconqu e ra bl e — to hum a n n a tur e A phrodit e a n d .

E ro s ove r w hos e d e e p gra v e s nunn e ri e s a n d mon a s t e ri e s

,

h a d b e e n built w e re th e firs t to r e vive a n d the s tory a s

, , ,

M r P a t e r h a s told it i s lik e s om e rom a ntic ve rs ion o f

.
,

I s hta r s D e s ce nt into H a d e s a n d he r re s urre ction W hil e

’
1
.

a s y e t th e e a rth s e e m e d fro s tbound lo n g be for e th e R e n a i s ,

s a nc e th e s o n g o f th e turtl e w a s h e a rd in th e b a ll a d o f
,

A u c a s s i n a n d N icol e tt e Th e chri s ti a n knight w ill m a rry

.

th e b e a uti ful Sa ra ce n a n d to a ll pri e s tly w a rnings th a t he

,

w ill s u re ly go to h e ll re pli e s W h a t could I do in P a ra

, ,
‘

di s e ? I c a r e only to go w h e re I c a n be w ith N icol e tte .

W h o go to Pa ra di s e ? Old pri e s ts holy crippl e s dri e d , ,

u p monk s w ho pa s s th e ir liv e s be fore a lt a rs

, I much .

pre fe r H e ll w h e re go the bra ve the ga y a n d be a uti

, , ,

fu l. Th e re w ill be the pl a y e rs on h a rps the cl a s s i c ,

1
Stu d ie s in the H i st . of the Re n a issa n c e .
’
M a c milla n .
2 68 A SM OD E US I N TH E CON VE N I !

poe ts an d s inge rs ; and th e re I s h a ll not be p rt d

a e fro m
’
N ic o le tte l
A long w ith pre tty Sa ra ce n m a id e n s or m m o ri e s o f ,
e

th e m w e re brought ba ck into E urope l e g nd

,
e s o f A s m o

d e u s A phrodit e a n d E ro s might di s gui s e th m lv

.
e se es in

h i s l e ss know n a n d l e s s a n a th e m a ti s e d n a m e s o th a t h e
,

could m a na ge to s i n g o f hi s love fo r S a ra o f P r a s i f o r
,

J e w e s s u n d e r th e n a m e s o f chri s ti a n A u c a
,
s s i n a n d s a r a c e n

N icol e tt e I n th e E a s e
. t rn C hurch h e r e a pp e a r e d a l s o .

Th e re a r e b e a uti ful old picture s w hich ho s w t h e s m a r t

c a va li e r fe a th e r i a c a p on th e youth s l e t hil
,
- -
f w e o n h i s
’

,
,

right s ta nd s gre y Th e ory in th e form o f a lo n g b e a r d e d -

fri a r . Such picture s no doubt t a ught fo r m a ny a d i f, ,

fe re a t l e ss on from th a t inte nd e d— n a m e ly th a t th e b e a t ,

o f th e h e a rt i s on t h e l e ft .

W h e re St Be n e dict roll e d him se l f in thorn s fo r d r e a m

.

ing o f his (de s e rte d) N icol e tt e St Fra nci s pla nt e d r o s e s ; ,

’
.

a nd t h e L a tin Church h a d to re cogn is e th is e vol u ti o n o f

s e ve n c e nturi e s Th e y hid the thorn s i n th e c o u rt s o f
.

conve nts a n d s old the ros e s to the outs id e w orld a s i n d u l

,

g e n c e s .B u t a s A s mod e u s h a d not re s pe ct e d th e lin e

b e tw e e n Je w a n d Ge ntil e in N in e ve h s o he p a s s e d o v e r ,

th a t be tw e e n pri e s t nun a n d w orldling in th e W e s t I n

, , .

th e d a ys o f W itchcra ft the Church w a s s ca nd a li s e d by th e

rumour tha t the nun s o f the Fra nci s ca n Conve nt o f L o u

vi e rs ha d l a rge ly t a k e n to s orce ry a n d w e re a tte n d i n g th e ,

t e rribl e W itche s Sa bba ths The nun mos t pro m i n e nt

‘ ’
.
’

in this a ffa ir w a s o n e M a d e le in e B a ve nt T h e p ri e s ts .

a nnounc e d th a t s h e ha d con fe s s e d th a t s he w a s b orn e

a w a y to t h e orgi e s by the d e mo n A s mod e u s a n d th a t he ,

h a d induce d he r to pro fa n e the s a cre d ho s t I t tu r ne d .

out th a t the nuns ha d e n ga ge d in intrigu e s w ith th e p r i e s ts

w ho h a d ch a rge o f th e m —e s p e c i a lly w ith F th r
a e s D a vid
—
,

Pic rda a n d , Boul but As mod e u s w a s cre dite d w i t h the

é
 M AR R I A GE OF H E A VE N AN D H E LL 2 69

cri m e a n d the n un s w e re puni s h e d fo r it M a d e l e in e w a s

, .

cond e m n e d to li fe long pe na nce a n d Pica rd a nticipa te d

-

th e fir e by a s uicid e in w hich h e w a s s a id to h a ve b e e n
,

a s s i s t e d by th e d e vil .

Follow i n g the ra bbinica l t r a dition w hich re pre s e nte d

h i m a s continu a lly pa s s ing from the high in fe rna l Coll e g e
o f A s a a n d A s a e l to th e e a rth to a pply hi s a rt s o f s orc e ry ,

A s mod e u s g a i n e d a r e s p e ct a bl e po s ition i n E urop e a n

l i te ra ture through the rom a nce o f Le Sa ge Le D i a bl e
a n d h i s fa m e s o ga in e d did much to bring
a b out i n Fra nc e th a t fri e ndly fe e li n g fo r th e D e vil w hich

h a s long b e e n a ch a ra cte ri s ti c o f Fre n ch lit e ra ture A .

v e ry l a rg e nu mbe r o f book s p e riodic a ls a n d journ a l s in

, ,

F ra nc e h a v e g a ine d popul a ri ty through the D e v il s n a m e

’
.

A s mod e u s w a s in fa ct the A rch boh e mi a n

, ,
A s s uch h e
-
.
,

l a rge ly influ e nc e d the conc e ption o f M e phi s toph e l e s a s

r e nd e re d by Go e th e — him s e l f the Prince o f Boh e mi a n s .

Th e old horror o f A s mod e u s fo r ba d s m e ll s i s in s ult e d in

th e n a m e M e phi s toph e l e s a n d this d e vil i s m a ny roll e d
,

i n to o n e ; y e t in m a ny re s pe cts hi s kins hip to As mod e u s

i s re v e a l e d . A ll the dri e d s ta r ve ling A nthonys a n d B e n e
dicts a r e in a culture d w a y pre s e nt in the th e ologi a n a n d
, ,

s chol a r Fa u s t ; a ll th e s w e e t l a di e s th a t h a unt e d th e ir

s e clu s ion b e c a m e r e a li s tic in Gre tch e n She i s th e N e m e s i s

.

o f s uppre s s e d p a ss ion s .

O n e province o f n a ture a fte r a n oth e r ha s b e e n re cove re d

from A s c e tici s m In thi s ca s e I s hta r h a s ha d to re ga in
.

h e r a pp a re l a n d orn a m e nts a t s ucc e ss ive porta l s th a t a r e

c e nturi e s ,
a n d th e y a r e not a ll re cove re d y e t But w e .

h a ve gon e fa r e nough e ve n in purita ni s e d E ngl a n d to

, ,

produce a m a dm a n fa r s e e ing e nough to b e hold Tlze

‘ ’
-

M a r r i a ge of H ea v en a n d H e ll The c a s e o f A s mod e u s i s
.

s ta t e d w e ll a lb e it r a dic a lly by W illi a m Bl a k e

, ,
in tha t ,

pro ve rb w hich w a s told him by the d e vil s w hom he a lon e ,

 2 70 TH E D E VI L AN D TH E AR TI S TS .

of midnight tra ve ll e rs w a s s hre w d e nough to con s ul t

‘
Th e prid e o f th e p e a cock i s the glory o f God ; th e l u s t
o f the go a t i s th e boun t y o f God ; the w ra th o f th e li o n
i s the w i s dom o f God W h e n th a t s t a t e m e n t i s i mprov e d
.
’
,

a s it w e ll ma y b e it w il l be w h e n those w ho re p r e s e n t
,

re ligion s h a ll h a ve l e a rn e d th a t hum a n lik e oth e r n a tu r e

i s comm a nd e d by ob e di e nce .

I n thi s conn e ctio n ma y be m e ntion e d a cl a s s o f l e ge n d s

indica ting the D e vil s s e n s itive n e s s w ith re ga rd to h i s
’

p e rs on a l a pp e a ra nc e The a nxi e ty o f the pri e s ts a n d

.

h e rmi ts to h a ve him re pre s e nte d a s hid e ou s w a s s a id to

h a ve b e e n w a rmly re s e nte d by Sa ta n o n e o f th e mo s t ,

s triking b e ing t h e l e ge nd o f m a ny ve rs ion s conc e rnin g a

Sa cri s t a n w ho w a s a l s o a n a rti s t w ho orn a m e nt e d a n
, ,

a bb e y w ith a d e vil s o ugly th a t non e could b e hold i t

w ithout t e rror It w a s be li e ve d h e ha d by i n s pi ra ti o n
.

s e cure d a n e x a ct po r tra it o f the a r c h fie n d Th e D e v i l .

a pp e a re d to th e S a cri s ta n re pro a ch e d him w ith ha vi n g

,

ma d e him s o ugly a n d thre a t e n e d to puni s h him g ri e

,

v o u s ly i f h e did not m a k e him b e tt e r looking A lth o u g h .

thi s m e n a c e w a s thrice re p e a te d the S a cri s t a n re fu s e d to

,

comply Th e D e vil the n t e mpt e d him into a n i ntr i gu e

.

w ith a l a dy o f th e n e ighbourhood a n d th e y e lop e d a ft e r ,

r obbing th e a bb e y o f i ts tre a s ure But th e y w e re c a u g h t

.
,

a n d th e Sa cri s ta n impri s on e d The D e vil th e n a pp e a r s

.

a n d o ffe rs to ge t him out o f h i s troubl e i f h e w ill onl

y
d e s troy the u gly lik e n e ss a n d m a k e a noth e r a n d h a n d
,

s om e r . The Sa cris ta n con s e nt e d a n d s udd e nly fo u n d ,

him s e l f in be d a s i f nothing h a d h a pp e n e d w hil e th e ,

\ D e vil in h i s i m a ge la y in c ha in s Th e D e vil w h e n d i s
.

cove re d va ni s h e d ; the Sa cri st a n got o ff on th e th e ory th a t

crim e s a n d a ll ha d b e e n s a ta nic juggl e s But the S a c r i s .

ta n took ca re to s ub s titute a h a nd s om e d e vil fo r th e u l

g y
 SAD I S VI SI ON OF SA TAN
’
. 2 7 :

on e . In a n oth e r ve rs ion the Sa cri s ta n r e m a i n e d fa ith fu l

to h is origin a l portra iture o f the D e vil d e s pit e a ll m e n a c e s
of t h e l a tte r w h o re s olve d to ta k e a dire r e ve ng e
,
W hil e .

th e a rti s t w a s compl e ting h i s orn a m e nt a tion o f the a bb e y

w ith a n im a g e o f th e V irgin m a d e a s b e a uti ful a s th e fi e nd

,

n e a r it w a s ugly th e D e vil brok e the l a dd e r on w hich he

,

w a s w orkin g a n d a fa t a l fa ll w a s only pre ve nt e d by the

,

h a nd o f th e M a donn a he h a d ju s t m a d e w hich w a s ,

o u ts tre tch e d to s u s ta i n him The a ccomp a nying picture .

o f thi s s ce n e ( Fig 1 6) .

i s from Qu e e n M a ry s
‘ ’

Ps a lte r in the Briti s h

’

M u s e um .

V a s a ri re l a t e s th a t
w h e n Spin c llo o f A re zzo ,

i n h i s fa mou s fre s co o f
th e fa ll o f the re be lliou s
a ng e l s ha d p a int e d th e
,

h id e ou s d e vi l w ith s e ve n
fa c e s a bout hi s body ,

th e fi e nd a pp e a re d to
h im i n me fo r m
'

the sa ,

an d as ke d rtis t
th e a

Fin 6 —T Am r R
w h e re h e ha d s e e n him
1 . n: s s a c e s.

i n so f right ul
f an as e p .
ct an d w h y h e
,
h a d tr e a t e d him so

i gnominiou sl y Wh e S .
n pin e llo a w ok e in horror h e fe l l ,

n o t
i t a s a e o t f gloom a n d s oon ,
a ft e r di e d .

P
Th e e s a r i n p oe t Séd i h a s a r e m a rk a bl e p a s s a g e c o n

c e iv e d i n the s pirit o f th e s e l e g e nd s but mor e kindl y

,
.

I sa w dth e
e m o n i n a d r e a m,

Bu t ho w u n li ke h e se e me d to be
To a ll o f h o rr i ble w e d r e a m,
An d a ll o f fe a r fu l tha tw e see .
2 72 AR TS OF TH E D E VI L .

H i s sha pe w a s li ke a c yp r e ss b0u gh,

H i s e ye s li ke tho s e th a t H o u r i s w e a r ,

H i s fa c e a s be a u tifu l a s tho u gh
The P a r a d i se w e r e
r a ys o f the r e .

hi m c a me a n d s po ke
’
I n ea r ,
Ar t th o u ,
I s a i d,
‘
i n d e e d the E v il O n e ?
NO an ge l ha s br o w
so br i gh t a ,

Su c h ye t n o e ye h a s lo o ke d u po n .

W hy sho u ld ma n ki n d ma ke thee a j e st ,

W he n tho u c a n st sh o w a fa c e li ke this ?
F a ir a s th e mo o n in s ple n d o u r d r e s t,
An e ye o f o y, a s
j mile o f bli s s
The p a i n te r d r a w s th e e v i le to s i gh t,
b
Ou r a ths th y fr ightfu l fo r m d i s pla y
The y to ld me tho u w e r t la c a s n ight, b k
’
Be ho ld , th o u a rta s fa ir as da y l
The lo v e ly v isio n
’
s ir e awo ke ,

His v o ic e w a s lo u d an d p r o u d h i s mie n
Be li e v e n ot, fr i e n d !
’
tw a s th u s he s po e , k
Tha t th o u my li e n e s s ye t ha s t se e nk
The pe n c i l tha t my p o r tra i t ma d e
W a s gu id e d by a n e n v io u s fo e
In Pa r a d i s e Ima n be tr a ye d ,
fr o m ha tr e d , pa i n ts me
’
An d be , so .

Bo e hm e re la te s tha t w h e n Sa ta n w a s a s k e d th e c a u se
o f G od s e nmity to h i m a n d h i s con s e qu e n t d o w n fa ll he
’

re pli e d I w i s h e d to be a n a rti s t Th e re i s j gthi s qu a int

, .
’

'

s e nt e nc e a ve ry tru e intim a tion o f the a llur e m e nt s w hich ,

in a n ci e nt tim e s the a rts o f the Ge ntil e pos se s s e d fo r the

,

J e w s a n d chri s ti a n j u d a i s e r s Ind e e d a s imil a r fe e ling

.
,

to w a rd s the s e n s uou s a ttra ction s o f the Ca tholic a n d

R itu a li s tic Church e s i s not unc o mmon a mong th e pro s a ic
a n d purit a nic a l se cts w ho s e younge r m e mb e rs a r e o ft e n

thu s ch a rm e d a w a y fro m th e m D r D onn e pre a ch e d a . .

s e rmon b e fore Olive r Crom w e ll a t W hite h a ll in w h i ch h e ,

a ffi rm e d th a t th e M u se s w e re d a mn e d s pirit s o f d e vil s ;

a nd the di s cu s s ion on the D ra ma w hich occu rre d a t

Sh e ffi e ld Ch u rch Congre s s follo w ing D r Bick e r .
 S USPI CI ON OF BE A UT Y . 2 73

s tith op e ning di s course on the D e vil a n d h is w il e s sho w s

’
s
‘
,
’

th a t th e L o w Church w ing ch e ri s h e s much th e s a m e

O pinion a s th a t o f D r D onn e Th e dre a d o f th e th e a tre
. .

a mong s om e s e ct s a mounts to t e rror The w rite r r e me m .

b e rs th e horror th a t s pr e a d through a l a rge W e s l e ya n

c ircl e w ith w hic h h e w a s conn e ct e d w h e n a di s tingui s h e d
, ,

mini s t e r o f th a t body ju s t re turn e d from E urop e ca s u a lly

, ,

r e m a rk e d th a t the th e a tr e a t R om e s e e m e d to be poorly

s upporte d Th e fe a r ful con fe ss ion Spre a d through the

’
.

d e nomin a tion a n d it w a s und e rs tood th a t the obs e r va nt

,

tr a ve ll e r h a d m a d e s hip w r e ck o f fa i th Th e M e thodi s t
‘ ’
.

i n s tinct told tr u e th e p re a ch e r b e ca m e a n a ccompli s h e d

G e ntil e .

M u s ic m a d e its w a y but s low ly in the Church a n d the ,

s u s picion o f it s till ling e rs a mong m a ny s e ct s Th e .

Qu a k e rs took up the burth e n o f E p i p ha n i u s w ho w rote

a ga in s t th e fl u te pl a y e rs A ft e r the p a tte rn o f the s e rp e nt s
‘ ’
-
,

form h a s th e flut e b e e n inve nt e d fo r th e d e c e iving o f ma n

ki n d Obse rv e the figu re th a t the pl a ye r m a ke s i a blo w
.

ing his flute D oe s he not be nd him s e l f up a n d do w n

.

to the right h a nd a n d to th e l e ft like unto the s e rpe nt ? ,

Th e se form s h a th the D e vil u se d to m a ni fe s t hi s bl a s

p h e m y a g a in s t thing s h e a v e nly to d e s troy thi n g s upo n ,

e a rth to e ncompa ss the w orld ca pturing right a n d l e ft

, ,

s uch a s l e nd a n e a r to h is s e duction s The unre g e n e ra t e

’
.

bird s th a t ca rol a ll d a y be it Sa bb a th or Fa s t h a ve ta ught

, ,

th e compo se r th a t hi s b e s t i n s pira tion i s from th e Princ e

o f th e A i r Ta rtini w rote ove r a hundre d s on a t a s a n d a s
.

ma ny c e n c e r to s but he rightly va lu e d a bove th e m a ll h is

,

Son a t a d e l Di a volo Conce rning thi s h e w rot e to the

‘ ’
.

a s tronom e r L a l a n d e On e night in the y e a r 1 7 1 3 I , ,

dre a me d tha t I ha d m a d e a compa ct w ith h i s Sa ta nic

M a j e s ty by w hich he w a s re ce ive d into my s e r vic e
, .

E ve rythi n g s ucc e e d e d to th e utmo s t o f my d e s ire s a n d ,

VOL I I . . S
2 74 E A R TH L Y A N D H E A VE N L Y M AN SI ON S .

my ve ry w i s h w a s a nticipa te d by my
e dom ti new es c . I
thought th a t in t a king up my violin to pr cti I jo
,
a s e c o s e ly ,

a sk e d him i f he could pl a y o n thi s i trum nt n s e H e .

a n s w e r e d th a t h e b e li e v e d h e w a s a bl e to pick out a tu n e

w h e n to my a s toni s hm e nt h e be g a n a s on t
,
a
,
a s o s tr g
a n e
,
,

a n d y e t s o b e a uti ful a n d e xe cut e d in so m a s t rly

,
e a m a n

n e r th a t in the w hol e cours e o f my li fe I h a d n e ve r h e a rd

,

a nything s o e xqui s it e So gr ea t w as
. my a m a z e m e nt th a t
I could s c a rce ly bre a th e A w a k e n e d by the viol e nce o f my
.

fe e lings I in s t a ntly s e iz e d my violin in th e hop e o f b e ing

, ,

a bl e to ca tch s om e p a rt o f th e ra vi s hing m e lody w hich

I ha d j u s t h e a rd but a ll in v a in Th e p i e c e w hich I
, .

compos e d a ccording to my s ca tte re d re coll e ction s i s it is ,

tru e th e b e s t I e ve r produce d I h a ve e ntitl e d it Sona ta

, , . ,

d e l D i a volo but it is s o fa r in fe rior to th a t w hich ha d

m a d e s o forcibl e a n i mp re s s ion on me th a t I s h o uld ha ve
'

d a s h e d my violi n into a thou s a nd pi e c e s a n d give n up ,

mu s ic fo r e ve r in d e s p a i r h a d it b e e n poss ibl e to d e pri v e

,

mys e l f o f the e njoym e nts w hich I re ce ive from it .

’

The fi r e a n d origi n a lity o f Ta rtini s gre a t w ork i s a fin e ’

e xa mpl e o f th a t po w e r w hich T imol e o n c a ll e d A u to ma tia

,

and G oe th e the d o mlrclze th a t w hich c a n not be,

e xpl a i n e d by re a s n or und e rs t a ndi n g

o ; it i s n o t in m y
n tur but I a m s ubj e ct to it
a e , It s e e m s to pl a y a t w ill
.
’

d e c o ra
tio f fe ,
li a n d w hos e mi n i s tr y i s to th e s e ns e o f
n o

be a u ty On tha t d a y o f th e w e e k w h e n E n g l a n d a n d
.

N e w E n gl a n d
h bra i se a s M a tthe w A rnold s a y s it is
e ,
,
o bs e rva bl e t a
h t the sa bba ta ri a n fu ry i s e s pe ci a lly d irec ted
 TH E D E VI L AN D R I CH E S . 2 75

a ga i n s t e v e rything w hich propo s e s to give s i mpl e pl e a s ure

o r s a ti s fy th e popul a r cra ving fo r be a uty Sa bb a ta ri a ni s m
.

s e e s a gre a t d e a l o f h a rd w ork goi n g o n but i s not much ,

troubl e d s o long a s it i s u gly a n d di s m a l w ork It utt e rs .

n o cry a t th e tho u s a nd s o f h a n d s e mploy e d on Sund a y

r a il w a y s ,
but i s b e s id e its e l f i f o n e o f th e tra in s t a k e s
e xcurs io n i s ts to the s e a s id e a n d i s fr a ntic a t th e thought
,

o f a comp a ra tiv e ly fe w p e rs on s b e ing e mploy e d on th a t d a y

i n M u se um s a n d A r t G a ll e ri e s It i s a s u rv iva l o f the old

.

fe e ling th a t the D e v il l u rks a bout a ll b e a uty a n d pl e a

s ur e.

A mon e y m a king a ge h a s m e a s ura bly di s p e rs e d th e

-

s up e rs tition s w hich onc e conn e ct e d th e D e vil w ith a ll gre a t

fortu n e s For a long tim e a n d in m a ny re gion s o f the w orld

.
, ,

th e J e w s s u ffe re d gri e vou s ly by b e ing s uppo se d to ge tth e ir

w e a lth by th e D e vil s h e lp Th e ir w e a lth ( l a rg e ly the

’
.

re s ult o f th e ir not e xch a ngi n g it fo r w orldly e njoym e nts ) s o

o ft e n prov e d th e ir mi s fort u n e th a t it w a s e a s y to illu s tra t e
,

by th e ir ca s e the monki s h th e ory th a t d e vil s gi fts turn to ’

a she s . Pri n c e s w e re ind e fa tiga bl e in re li e vi n g th e J e w s o f

s uch a s h e s ho w e v e r Th e L ord s o f Tri a r w h o po ss e s se d th e
, .
,

min e s o f Gluck s bru n n w e re b e li e v e d to h a ve b e e n guid e d

,

t o th e m by a gold s t a g w hich o ft e n a pp e a r e d to th e m — of
c ours e th e D e vil It i s re l a te d th a t w h e n St W ol fra m w e nt
. .

to conve rt th e F r i s la n d e r s th e ir king R a d bo t w a s pre ve nte d

, , ,

from s ubmitting to ba pti s m by a di a bolica l d e c e ption Th e .

D e vil a pp e a re d to him a s a n a ng e l cloth e d in a g a rm e nt

w ove n o f gold on h i s h e a d a j e w e ll e d di a d e m a n d sa id
, , ,

Bra ve s t o f me n ! w h a t ha s le d th e e to d e p a rt from the

Pri n c e o f thy god s ? D o it not ; be s t e a d fa st to thy
re ligion a n d thou s h a lt d w e ll in a hou s e o f gold w hich
I w ill give into thy poss e s s ion to a ll e te rnity Go to .

W ol fra m to morro w a s k him a bout tho s e bright d w e llings

-

h e promi s e s th e e I f h e c a nnot s ho w th e m le t both p a rti e s

.
,
2 76 D E A CON 0
. D E VI L .

choose a n a mb a ss a dor ; I w ill be th e ir l e a d r e and w ill

s ho w th e m th e gold hou se I promi s e th e e S t W .

o l
’
fr a m .

b e ing un a bl e to s ho w R a d bo t the bright d w e l lin g s o f

P a ra di s e o n e o f hi s d e a con s w a s s e n t a long ith

,
w a r e p r e

se n ta ti v e o f th e king a n d the D e vil ( di s gu i s e d

,
a s a tr v ll r)
a e e

took th e m to the hou s e o f gold w hich w a s o f incr i e d b l e

,

s iz e a n d s pl e ndour The D e a con e xcl a im e d

.
I f t hi ho
s ,
u s e

he m a d e by Go d it w ill s t a nd fo r e ve r ; if by t h e D e v il i t ,

mu s t va ni s h s pe e dily W h e re upon h e cross d

.
’
e hi m s e l f

th e hou se v a ni h
s e d an d ,t e D a
h e con found hi m s e lf w i t h
th e F r s la n e r in a s w a mp
i d It to ok th. e m thr d y
e e a s t o

e xtric a t e th e m s e lve s a n d r e turn to K i n g R a d bo t w ho m ,

the y fo u nd d e a d .

The a s ce tic pri n ci ple w hi c h bra n d e d the a r ts i n te r e s ts , ,

p u rs ui ts a n d pl e a su r e s o f the w orld a s be lon gi n g to the

,

dom a in o f Sa ta n involve d th e fa ta l e x tr e me o f i n c l u di n g
,

a mong the outl a w e d r e a lm s a ll se c u la r le a r n i n g T he .

s c hol a r a n d ma n o f sc i e nce w e re a lso d e c la r e d to be i a

s pi re d b y t h e pri d e o f l i fe But this pa r t o f o u r s u bj e ct

’
.

r e q u ire s a se pa ra t e c h a pte r .
 ( 2 77 )

C H A PTE R X X I I I .

THE CU RSE ON K N OW LE DGE .

A Bis h o p o n i n te lle c t—The Bible o n le a r n i n g—Th e Se r pe n ta n d Se th

— A H e br e w R e n a i ssa n c e Sp e lls — She lle y a t O x fo r d — Bo o k
bu r n i n g
— J a p a n e se i n k d e v i l— Bo o k o
-
f Cyp r i a n u s—D e v i l
’
s Bi b le
— Re d le tte r s—D r e a d of i —
Sc e c e R o ge r
n Ba c o n — ’
Lu th e r s D e v il
— Lu the r a n s an d Sc i e n c e .

L uca s L e yde n
picture o f Sa ta n t e mpting’
IN van s

Chri s t ( Fig the fi e nd i s r e pre s e nt e d in th e g a rb o f

.

a Unive rs ity ma n o f the tim e From his h e a d fa ll s a .

s tre a m e r w hich coil s on th e ground to a s e rp e nt From .

th a t s e rpe nt to the s c e ptic a l s chol a r d e m a nding a mira cl e

th e e volution i s fully tra ce a bl e The Se rpe nt o f old the .
,

s e e r w a s in i ts Se mitic a d a pt a tion a t e mpt e r to forbidd e n

’

know l e dge Thi s w a s the e a rli e s t pri e s tly outcry a ga in s t

.

godl e s s e duca tion .

’

D uri n g th e Sha k e s p e r e t e rc e nt e n a ry fe s tiva l a tStra t ford

’

o u A von th e Bi s hop o f S t A ndre w s d e cl a re d th a t th e re

-

, .

i s not a w ord in the Bibl e w a rra nting hom a g e to Int e ll e ct ,

a n d s uch a bo a s t b e s id e th e gra v e o f th e mo s t int e ll e ctu a l

o f E ngli s hm e n i s i n it s e l f a s urviva l illu s tra ting the tr e

me ndo n s curs e hurl e d by j e a lou s J e hova h on m a n s firs t

’

e fl o r t to obta in know l e dge Th a t s a m e Se rp e nt o f kno w

'

le dg e h a s p a s se d v e ry fa r a n d h i s curs e h a s ma n y ti me s b e e n
,

r e pe a te d .In the A cca di a n po e m o f the fa t a l Se ve n a s ,

w e h a ve s e e n it i s sa id I n w a tching w a s th e ir o ffic e a n d
‘
, ,

the A s sy ri a n ve rs ion s a y s Unto h e a ve n th a t w hich w a s ‘

,
2 78 TI I E E I D L E ON L E AR N I N G .

not s e e n th e y ra i se d On the B a byloni a n cylind e rs i s .

’

i n s cribe d the curs e o f the god o f Int e llige nce ( H e a ) up o n

ma n W i s do m a n d k n o w l e dg e hos til e ly ma y th e y inj u r e
him 1
.
’
The s a m e Se rp e nt t w in e d round the s t a ff o f
fE sc u la p i u s a n d w hi s p e r e d tho s e s e cre ts w hich m a d e th e
god s j e a lou s s o th a t Jove kille d th e l e a rn e d Phys ici a n
,

w ith a fl a s h o f lightning I ts te e th w e re s o w n w h e n .

Ca dmu s import e d the a lph a be t into G re e c e ; a n d w h e n

th e s e a lph a b e tica l dra gon s te e th ha d turn e d to type the ’
-

a nci e nt cu rs e w a s r e n e w e d in l e g e nd s w hich conn e ct e d

Fu s t w ith th e D e vil .

Th e H e bre w s a r e l e a s t a mong ra c e s re s pon s ibl e fo r th e

l e ge nd w hich ha s dri fte d into G e n e s i s N o r w a s th e .

Bi s hop s boa s t a bout th e ir Bibl e corre ct The hom a ge

’
.

p a id to Solomo n w a s h a rdly on a ccount o f hi s mora l

ch a ra ct e r H e s p a k e o f tre e s from the c e d a r tre e th a t
.
,
-

i s in Le ba non e v e n unto the hy s s op th a t Spri n g e th out o f

,

the w a ll ; h e s p a k e a l s o o f b e a s ts a n d o f fo w l a n d o f , ,

cre e ping things a n d o f fis h e s 1

, W hile the curs e on ma n .
’

fo r e a ti n g the fruit o f kno w l e dg e i s n e v e r quot e d in th e

H e bre w s cripture s th e re a r e m a ny indic a tions o f th e ir
,

d e votion to know l e dge ; a n d th e ir proph e ts e ve n h e a rd

J e hova h s a ying M y pe opl e a r e d e s troye d through l a ck
,
‘

o f kno w l e dg e It i s n o tw ond e rful th e re fore th a t w e find

’
.
, ,

a mong th e J e w s the gra du a l gro w th o f a l e g e nd conc e m

ing Se th w hich ma y be re g a rd e d a s a re ply to the curs e

,

on the Se rpe nt .

Th e a poth e o s i s o f Se th in ra bbinica l a n d mu s s ulm a n

mytho logy re pre s e nts a s ort o f Se mitic R e n a i s s a nc e A s .

w e h a v e s e e n in a form e r ch a pt e r th e E gypti a n s a n d
,

1
Cha ld Ge n esi s, by G e o r ge Smi th, p 84
’
. . .

1
This te x t w a s e n gr a v e d by M rs Ro se M a ry Cra w sha y . on a to m b she ha d
e r ec te d i n ho n o u r o f he r hu mble n e ighbo u r , M r N o r bu r y, . w ho so u gh t k n o w

le d ge fo r i ts own sa ke . Fe w a n c ie n t scr ip t
u re s c o u ld ha v e su pplie d a n ia
sc r i ptio n so a ppr o ri a te .
p
 TH E SE R PE N T AN D SE TH 2 79

Gre e ks id e ntifi e d Se t w ith Typhon but a t the sa m e tim e ,

th a t d e mon w a s a ss oci a te d w ith s ci e nc e H e i s a s tr o n o .

mi c a lly loca te d in Ca pricorn th e s ph e re o f th e hi e roph a nts ,

in the E gypti a n M ys t e ri e s a n d the m a n s ion o f the gu a r,

di a n s o f s ci e nce Thu s h e w ould corr e s pond w ith th e

.

Se rp e nt w h o a s a d a pt e d by the H e bre w s in the myth o f

, ,

E d e n w hi s p e rs to E v e o f divin e k n o w l e dge
,
But a s .
,

de ta ch e d fro m Typho Se th w hil e l e a ving be hind the , ,

ma lign a n cy c a rri e d a w a y th e re put a tion fo r l e arning

,

u s u a lly a s crib e d to d e vil s Thu s w hil e w e h a ve h a d to

.
,

re cord so m a ny in s ta nce s o f d e gra d e d d e iti e s w e ma y ,

note in Se th a conv e rt e d d e vil I n the mu ss ulm a n a n d .

r a bbinic a l tr a dition s Se t h i s a volu m i nou s a uthor ; he

re c e ive s a libra ry from h e a ve n ; h e i s th e origin a tor o f
a s tronomy a n d o f m a ny a rt s ; a n d as an in s tructor i n ,

cultiva tion h e re store s m a ny a n a cre w hich a s Se t h e h a d

,

blight e d In the a pocryph a l G e n e s i s h e i s re pre s e nte d a s

.

h a ving b e e n c a ught u p to h e a ve n a n d show n the future

d e s ti n y o f m a nkind A n a s t a s iu s o f Sin a i s a ys th a t w h e n
.

God cre a te d A d a m a fte r h i s o w n im a g e he bre a th e d into ,

him gra c e a n d illumin a tion a n d a r a y o f the H oly Spirit , .

But w h e n h e ha d s inn e d thi s glory l e ft him Th e n he .

b e ca m e the fa th e r o f Ca in a n d A be l But a ft e rw a rd s it i s .

s a id A d a m b e ga t a s o n in h is o w n lik e n e s s a fte r h is
‘
,

im a g e a n d c a ll e d h i s n a m e S e th w hich i s n o t sa id o f
,
‘
,
’

Ca in a n d A b e l ; a n d thi s m e a n s th a t Se th w a s b e gott e n
i n the like n e s s o f un fa ll e n ma n in p a ra di s e — Se th m e a n
i n g R e s urre ction A n d a ll those th e n living w h e n th e y
’
.
,

s a w h o w th e fa c e o f S e th s hon e w ith divin e light an d ,

h e a rd him s p e a k w ith divin e w i s do m s a id H e i s God ; , ,

th e re fore h is s on s w e re commonly c a ll e d the s on s o f God 1 .

1
M r f Ba r in g Go u ld , qu o ti n g
-
this ( fr o m An a s ta s i u s Si n a i t
a , D a y7 1,
v -
6 ed .

Gre tse r, I n go ls t 1 606, p . . a ttr i bu te s thi s s hi n i n g fa c e of Se th to hi s

’
p r e v i o us c ha r a c te r a s a Su n go d -
. Old Te st Le ge n d s, i
. .
2 80 SPE LL S .

Th a t thi s R e s urre ction o f d e pa rt e d glo ry a n d w i s dom

w a s re a lly a s I h a v e s a id a R e n a i ss a nce
, ,
— a re s tora tion

o f l e a rning from th e c u rs e put upon it in the s tory o f the

Se rp e nt— i s indic a t e d by i ts e volution in the Gno stic

myt h w h e re in Se th w a s m a d e to a ve nge Sa ta n H e took .

u nd e r h i s s pe ci a l c a re th e Tr e e o f the K no w l e dg e o f
Good a n d E vil a n d pl a nte d it in his fa th e r s gra ve ( Fig
,
’
.

R a bbin s c a rri e d th e ir hom a g e to Se th e ve n to the

e xt e nt o f vindic a ting Sa turn th e mo s t notoriou s o f pl a n e ts
, ,

a n d s a y th a t A bra h a m a n d th e Proph e t s w e r e i n s pire d by

it
.
1
The D o g (J a ck a l) w a s i n E gypti a n s ymbol s e mbl e m
, ,

o f th e S crib e ; Siriu s w a s th e D o g s t a r domic i l e d w i t h -

S a turn ; Se th w a s by th e m id e ntifi e d w ith Siriu s a s the ,

god o f occult a n d in fe rn a l k n o w le ge H e w a s n e a r .

re l a tive o f the s e rpe nt Se s h a fa milia r o f E s c u la p iu s a n d

, ,

s o e a s ily conn e ct e d w ith th e s ubtl e s t o f the b e a s t s in E d e n

w hich h a d cre pt in from th e Ira ni a n m y thology .

Thi s re a ction w a s in s titut e d by s chol a rs w h o in th e ir , ,

n e ce s s a rily timid w a y o f fa bl e ma y be s a id to h a ve ,

re cove re d the Tre e o f K now l e dge und e r gu i s e o f h o m a ge

to Se th It flouri s h e d a s w e h a ve s e e n (ch a p
.
,
to the .

e xt e nt o f fin a lly r a i s ing th e S e rp e nt to be a god and ,

low e ring J e hova h w ho c u rs e d him to a j e a lou s d e vil !

But the t e rror w ith w hich J e hova h is s a id to h a ve b e e n
in s pire d w h e n he s a id The ma n ha s be com e a s o n e o f u s
, ,

to know good a n d e vi l n e ve r fa il e d to re a pp e a r a mong

,
’

pri e sthood s w h e n a nything thre a te n e d to re move the m e a n s

o f l e a rning from u nd e r th e ir control The ca u s e s o f thi s .

a r e too m a ny to be fully con s id e re d h e re ; but th e m a in

ca u s e unqu e s tion a bly w a s th e t e nd e ncy o f l e a rning to r e

l e a s e me n fro m the s w a y o f th e pri e s t The primitive .

ma n o f s ci e nc e w ould s p e e dily di s cove r ho w m a ny things

e xi s t e d o f w hich h is pri e s t w a s ignora nt a n d thu s th e g e rm ,

1
K in g s
’ ’
‘
Gn os ti cs, p 53, . n .
 B OOK B UR N I N G -
. 2 81

o f Sc e ptici s m w ould be pl a nte d The ma n w h o po sse sse d .

th e S a c r e d Bo ok s in w hol e or in p a rt might b e com e

, ,

m a s te r o f the s pe ll s s upp o s e d to be conta in e d in i ts

‘ ’

w ord s a n d s e n t e nc e s a n d might u s e th e m a ga in s t the

,

p ri e s t s ; or
, a t a n y r a t e h e might,
f e e l ind e p e nd e n t o f th e

o rdin a ry a pp a ra tu s o f s a lva tion .

T h e a nxi e ty o f pri e s t s to k e e p fa s t hold o f th e ke ys o f

l e a rning s o th a t no s e cul a r s o n o f A d a m s hould b e com e
,

a s o n e o f th e m coupl e d w ith the w ond e rful pow e rs the y

’

p ro fe s s e d a bili ty to e x e rc i se po w e r f ully s timul a t e,d th e

curio s ity o f i n te ll e ctu a l me n a n d le d th e m to s e e k a fte r ,

thi s forbidd e n fruit in s ubtl e w a ys w hich e a s ily illu s tra t e d ,

the s tory o f the S e rp e nt The po e t Sh e ll e y w ho w a s

.
,

s u s p e ct e d a t Ox ford b e c a u s e o f h i s fondn e s s fo r ch e mi s try ,

re cogni s e d his mythologic a l a nc e s try a n d u s e d to s pe a k o f ,

‘
my cou s in the Se rpe nt The jok e w a s born o f circ u m
, .
’

s ta nc e s s u ffi ci e ntly s c a nd a lou s in th e l a s t g e n e r a tion to

ma k e the Oxoni a n o f to d a y blu s h but the lik e his tori e s

-

o f e a rli e r a g e s a r e s o tr a gic a l th a t w h e n fully kno w n by ,

the common p e opl e th e y w ill ch a nge c e rta in fa mili a r

,

b a dge s into bra nd s o f s h a m e W hil e the ca nt goe s on .

a b o ut th e Church b e ing the prot e c tor o f l e a rning through

the d a rk a g e s th e fa ct i s th a t from the burning o f v a lu

, ,

a bl e book s a t E ph e s u s by chri s ti a n fa n a tic s ( A ct s xix .

1 9) to th e pr e s e nt d a y th e Church ha s d e s troy e d t e n fold

,

mo re impo r ta nt w orks th a n it e ve r produce d a n d a lmos t ,

s u ffoc a t e d th e int e ll e ctu a l li fe o f a thou s a nd y e a rs A mid .

th e unbrok e n p e rs e cution o f th e J e w s by chri s ti a n cru e lty ,

w h ich l a s t e d from th e e a rly e l e v e nth c e ntury fo r fiv e hun

dre d ye a rs u ntold n u mb e rs o f m a nu s cripts w e re d e s troy e d

, ,

w hich might h a v e n o w be e n giving th e w orld full a n d cl e a r

kno w l e dg e co n ce rni n g a ge s fo r w ho s e re cord s a r c ha eo ,

logica l s chol a rs a r e p a in fully e xploring the crumbl e d ruin s

o f the E a s t . Syn a gogu e s w e re b e li e v e d to be t e mpl e s o f
 2 82 B O OK OF C YPR I AN US .

Sa t a n h y w e re plund e re d a n d ra z e d to the ground a n d

t e ,

th e ir pre cio u s a rchive s s tre w e d the s tre e ts o f m a ny citi e s .

On the l yth o f J un e 1 2 44 tw e nty four ca r tlo a d s o f th e s e -

a nci e nt M SS w e re burn e d in P a ri s a lon e

. A n d a ll thi s .

by our holy prote ctor o f l e a rning through the M iddl e ’

A ge s !
The J a p a n e s e h a ve picture s o f a fa mou s m a gici a n w ho
co n jure d u p a d e mo n va s t va gu e a n d t e rribl e —o u t o f
— , ,

h i s ink st a nd Th e y ca l l it l a tt e rly e mbl e m o f a lic e ntio u s

.

pre ss but no doubt it w a s origin a lly u se d to t e rri fy the

,
’
, ,

country ge n e ra lly conc e rning the pre ss Th a t D e vil h a s .

a l s o h a unte d th e e ccl e s i a s tica l im a gin a tion in E urope .

N e a rly e ve r y book w ritt e n w itho u t pri e s tly comm a nd w a s

a ss oci a t e d w i th the D e vil a n d th e re a r e s e v e ra l old books
,

in E urope l a boriou s ly a n d hon e s tly w ritte n w hich to thi s

, ,

d a y a r e inve s t e d w ith popul a r s up e rs tition s re porti n g the

d e nunci a tion s w ith w hich the y w e re vi site d F o r s om e .

c e nturi e s it ha s b e e n be li e ve d in D e nm a rk a n d n e ighbour
ing countri e s th a t a s tra nge a n d formid a bl e book e xi s ts ,

by m e a n s o f w hich you c a n ra i se or la y th e D e vil It is .

vulga rly know n a s the Book of Cyp fl a n us The ow n e r o f .

it c a n n e ith e r s e ll bury or burn it a n d i f he ca nnot ge t

, , ,

rid o f it be fore h is d e a th he b e com e s the pre y o f th e fi e n d

, .

Th e only w a y o f g e tting rid o f it i s to find s om e body w ho

w ill a cc e pt it a s a pre s e nt w e ll kno w ing w h a t it i s
, Cy p r i .

a nu s i s s a id to h a ve b e e n a cl e v e r a n d virtuou s young

s tud e nt but h e s tudi e d th e bl a ck a r t in N orw a y a n d c a m e

, ,

und e r the po w e r o f th e D e vil w ho comp e ll e d him to u s e ,

h is unholy l e a rning to e vil e nd s Thi s gri e ve d h i m s ore ly

.
,

a n d h e w rot e a book in w hich he s how s firs t h o w e vil

, ,

s h a ll be don e an d th e n h o w to count e ra ct it
, Th e book i s .

prob a bly o n e w hich re a lly e xi s ts or e xi s t e d a n d pro fe ss e d ,

to t e a ch the a r to f sorc e ry a n d lik e w i s e the ch a rm s a ga in s t

,

i t It con s i s ts o f thre e p a rts s e ve ra lly c a ll e d Cyp r i a n us

. , ,
 TI I E D E VI L S E I E LE
’
. 2 83

Dr .
]
F a us t, an d l a tt r
d eo b
e a r e w ritt e n R a me l . The tw o
in cyph e r It t e a ch e s e ve rything a ppe rta ining to s ign
.
‘

ing conjuring s e cond s ight a n d a ll the ch a rm s a llud e d

,
’
, ,

to in D e ut e ronomy xviii 1 0—1 2 The p e rs on po s s e s s ing . .

Cy p r i a n u s book i s s a id n e v e r to be in n e e d o f mon e y a n d
’

non e c a n h a rm him The only w a y o f ge tting rid o f it is .

to put i t a w a y in a s e cre t pl a ce in a churc h a lo n g w ith a

cl e rk s fe e o f four s hillings
’
.

I n Stockholm I s a w the s o c a ll e d D e v i l s Bi ble the -

’
,

bigge s t book in th e w orld in the R oya l L ibra ry It i s lite , .

ra lly a s th e y d e s cribe i t g iga s li br o r u m n o s ingl e ma n ,

-

c a n li ft it fro m th e floor It w a s p a r t o f the booty c a rri e d .

o fl by th e Sw e d e s a ft e r th e s urre nd e r o f Pr a gu e A D 1 64 8
'

. .
, .

It conta in s thre e hundre d p a rchm e nt l e a ve s e a ch o n e ,

m a d e o f a n a s s s hid e the cove r be ing o f o a k pl a nk s

’
, ,

1 } inch e s thick It cont a ins th e Old a n d N e w Te s t a

.

m e nts ; f or ty/21 F la w z A n tzgmta te s j u da i ce I s i do r z Ep is

° '' ' ' '

de d i v e r s i s ma tm Co nf ess zo p ecea to r u m
' ' '

a wi L XX . zs

an d om e oth e r w orks The l a s t n a m e d production i s

s .
-

w ritt e n on bl a ck a n d d a rk bro w n ground w ith r e d a n d

ye llow l e tte rs H e re a n d th e r e s e nt e nc e s a r e m a rk e d
.

w e ma t s um On e M S
’
[ eci a s upe r s ti ti on } p r o /z , .

E x p e n me n tu m a e f u r to e tf e br i bus i s
'
w hich i s h e a d e d
'
’

, ,

a tre a ti s e in M onki s h La tin on th e e xorci s m o f gho s t s a n d

e vil s pirits ch a rm s a ga in s t thi e v e s a n d s ickn e s s a n d

, ,

va riou s pre s cription s in W hite M a gic Th e a ge o f the ‘

.
’

book i s con s id e ra bly ov e r thre e h u ndre d y e a rs The .

a utogra ph o f a G e rm a n e mp e ror i s in it : F e rd i n a n d u s
Impe ra tor R o ma n o r u m A D The volum e is kno w n , . .

in Sw e d e n a s F a n s Bzbe l ( D e vil s Bibl e ) The l e g e nd ’ '

’
.

sa y s th a t a monk s u s p e cte d o f bl a ck a rts w ho h a d

, , ,

b e e n cond e mn e d to d e a th b e gge d fo r li fe a n d h is judge , ,

mockingly told hi m th a t h e w ould be p a rdon e d only i f he

should produc e n e xt morni n g a ll th e book s h e re found
 2 84 R E D LE TTE R S .

an in thi s va st s iz e
d The monk invok e d the D e vil s .
’

a s s i s ta nc e a n d the po n d e rou s volum e w a s w ritt e n i n a

,

s ingl e night Thi s D e vil mu s t h a ve b e e n o n e w h o prid e d

.

him s e l f more o n hi s lit e ra ry po w e rs th a n h is pe rs ona l

a pp e a ra nc e fo r the fa c e a n d form s a id to b e h i s portra it ,

fronti s pi e ce o f the volum e re pre s e nt a mos t hid e ou s a p e , ,

gre e n a n d h a iry w ith horribl e curl e d tu sk s It is no , .

,

d oubt the a p e A mr ita / mo f the W a gn e r l e g e nd s Bu ms s

’
,

tow zi e tyke bl a ck grim a n d l a rge 1

, , , .
’

I notic e d pa rticul a rly in thi s old w ork the re curre nc e o f

d e e p r e d l e tt e rs a n d s e nt e nc e s s imil a r to th e ink w hic h
Fu s t u s e d a t the clos e o f his e a rli e s t printe d volum e s to
give his n a m e w ith th e pl a c e a n d d a te o f printi n g N o w
, .

R e d i s s a cre d in o n e dire ction a s s ymboli s ing th e blood o f

Chri s t but it i s a l s o the colour o f Jud a s w ho b e tra ye d
, ,

th a t blood H e nc e w hil e r e d l e tte rs might d e note sa cre d

.
,

d a ys a n d s e nt e nc e s in pri e s tly ca l e nd a rs th e y might b e ,

s uppo s e d m i m i cry o f s uch sa nctiti e s by G od s A p e i f ‘ ’ ’

occ u rring in s e cul a r w ork s or book s o f m a gic It i s .

s a id th a t th e s e r e d l e tt e rs w e re e s p e ci a lly not e d in P a ri s

as indica tion s o f the di a bolica l origi n o f th e w orks

s o e a s ily produc e d by F u s t ; a n d though it i s unc e rta i n ,

w h e th e r h e s u ffe re d impri s onm e nt the r e d lin e s w ith hi s ,

n a m e a pp e a r to h a ve b e e n re g a rd e d a s h is s ign a ture in
blood .

For a lon g tim e e ve r y s ucce s s ive di s cove ry o f s ci e nce ,

e v e r y inv e ntion o f m a t e ri a l b e n e fit to ma n w a s b e li e ve d ,

by pri e s t ridd e n p e opl e s to h a ve be e n se cure d by compa ct

-

w ith the d e vil Th e fa t e o f th e a rti s t Prom e th e u s fe tte re d

.
,

1
Te r tu ll ia n
’
ph
s r a se , T h e D e v il i s G
‘
o d s A p e , b e ca me p o p u l
’
a r a t o n e
’

ti me , an d the A pe d e v i l ha d fr e qu e n t re pr e s e n ta ti o n i n a rt —
-
a s , fo r i n s ta n ce ,

i n H o lbe i n Cruc ifix i o n n o w a t Au gs bu r g w he r e a De vil w it hea d

’
s , h
o f a n a pe , ba t w in gs,
-
an d fla min g red le gs i s ca r r y i n g o ff the so u l o f the i m

p e n i te n tthi e f . Th e sa me su bj e c t i s fo u n d i n the sa me ga lle ry in an Altd o rfe r ,

he r e the D e v il s fa c e is tha t o f a go ri lla
’
w .
 R OGE R BA CON : 28
5

by j e a lou s Jove w a s re p e a t e d in e a ch w ho a spire d to

,

b ring light to ma n a n d s om e me n o f ge niu s s uc h a s Co r

,
—
n e li u s A gri pp a a n d P a ra c e l s u s
,
— a pp e a r to h a ve b e e n fright

e n e d a w a y from l e gitim a t e s ci e ntific re s e a rch by th e firs t

c onn e ction o f th e ir n a m e s w ith s orc e ry Th e y ha d be fore

.

the m th e e x a mpl e o f th e gre a t e s t s ci e ntific ma n o f the

M iddl e A g e s R og e r B a con a n d k n e w ho w e a s ily in th e
, , ,

p ri e s tly w hi s p e r th e ch e mi s t s crucibl e gre w to a w iz a rd s

,
’ ’

c a uldron . Th e tim e ma y com e w h e n Ox ford Univ e rs ity

w ill h a v e l e a rn e d e nough to b u ild a tru e m e mori a l o f the

g r a nd e s t m a n w h o e v e r w rot e a n d t a ught w ithin i t s w a ll s .

I t w ould s how R og e r B a con— r e c ti fie r o f the Juli a n Ca l e n

d a r a n a ly s t o f l e n s e s inve ntor o f s p e cta cl e s a n d a chro
, ,

ma ti c l e n s e s prob a bl e con s tru ctor o f the firs t t e l e s cope

, ,

d e mon s tra tor o f th e che mica l a cti o n o f a i r in combu s tion ,

i nve ntor o f the mod e o f puri fying s a ltp e tre a n d c r y s ta lli s

i n g it into gunpo w d e r a nticip a tor o f the philo s ophic a l
,

me thod w ith w hich h is n a m e s a k e i s cre dit e d looking on —

a pil e o f h i s book s fo r w ho s e r e s e a rch e s h e h a d p a id tw o

thou s a nd Fr e nch livre s to s a y nothing o f a li fe s l a bour

’

, ,

o nly to s e e th e m cond e mn e d by h i s Unive rs ity th e ir cir ,

cul a tion prohibit e d ; a n d his sa d g a z e might be from the

pri s on to w hich th e Council o f Fra nci s ca n s a t P a ri s s e n
te n c e d him w hom Ox ford gl a dly d e live re d into th e ir h a nd s .

H e w a s con d e m n e d s a y s th e ir hi s tori a n W a dding p r op te r

, ,
‘

n ov i t a t es gu a r d a m Sw e a t ers } The s u s p e ct e d nov e lti e s w e re

crucibl e s re torts a n d l e n s e s th a t m a d e the s t a rs look l a rge r
, , .

S o w a s it w ith the Ox ford s i x hundre d y e a rs a go . Und e

n i a bly s om e progre ss h a d b e e n m a d e e v e n in t he l a s t ge n e
r a ti on fo r S h e ll e y w a s only forbidd e n to s tudy ch e mi s try
, ,

a n d e xp e ll e d fo r hi s m e t a phy s ics But n o w th a t it i s

.

cl a im e d th a t Ox ford i s no longe r p a rta k e r w ith th e m th a t

s ton e d inv e s ti g a tors a n d think e rs from B a con to Sh e ll e y
,

i t w ould be in ord e r to build fo r i ts o w n gre a t m a rtyr o f

‘
 '
2 86 L U TH E R S D E VI L .

s ci e nc e a m e mori a l th a t s
,
up e rs titio n m a y look on o n e

w hom it h a s pi e rc e d .

R e fe rring to L u t h e r s ink s t
’
a nd thro w n a t t h e D e vil D r , .

Z e r fli i in
,
h is e l ctur e on th e D e vil sa y,
s H e (t h e d e
, v i l)
h a te s nothing s o much a s w ri ting or prin te r s ink Bu t ’
.
’

the truth o f t hi s r e m a rk d e p e nd s upo n w h ic h o f tw o d e vil s

be con s id e r e d It w
.
ould h a rdly a pply to t h e S e rp e n t w h o

re comm e nde d the fruit o f kn ow le dg e or to the U nive rs ity ,

ma n in L uc a s v a n L e yd e n s pict’
u r e ( Fig B u t i f w
. e

su p p o s e t h e D e vil o f L uth e r s Bibl’

e ( Fig 1 7) to b e th
. e o n e

a t w hich th e ink s t a nd w a s thro w n th e ,

critici s m i s corre ct Th e tw o picture s .

m e ntion e d ma y be in structive ly c o m
p a re d L u th e r s D e vil i s th e re ply o f
.
’

the Unive rs ity to the Church Th e s e .

a r e the tw o d e vil s — th e pri e s t a n d th e

s chola r — w ho gl a re d a t e a ch oth e r in

th e e a rly s ixt e e nth c e ntu ry The .

D e vil s m e ll e d the ro a s t sa y s L uth e r

’
, ,

th a t i f the l a ngu a ge s re vive d his ,

kingdo m w ould ge t a hol e w hich he

could not e a s ily s top a ga in A n d it ’

—1
.

Fgi 1 7. 3 D
07 11 1111 a v “.
mu st be a dmitte d tha t s om e o f the
. 2

monki s h e xe cra tion s o f th e tim e ind e e d o f m a ny tim e s ,

s inc e h a ve a n und e rton e o f J a hvi s tic j e a lou s y Th e s e ‘

, .

K now e rs w ill b e com e a s o n e o f u s It m u s t a l s o be

’
.

a dmitt e d th a t the cle rica l in s tinct told tru e : the U n i

ve rs ity ma n h e ld in him th a t s c e ptica l d e vil w h o is
a l w a y s th e d e s troye r o f the pri e s t s pa ra di s e T h es e
’
.

tw o d e vil s w hich s truggl e d w ith e a ch oth e r through

th e s i x t e e nth c e ntury s till w a g e th e ir w a r in the a re n a
o f Prot e s t a nti s m M a ny a L uth e ra n n o w living ma y
.

r e m e mbe r to h a ve s mil e d w he n H o fm a nn s e xpe rim e n ts ’

i n di s cove ring c a rbonic a cid ga s g a in e d h i m re pute fo r

ra i s i n g a ga in M e p ho sto ; but pe rh a p s th e y did not r e
 L U TH E R A N S A N D SCI E N CE . 2 87

'
cogni s e L uth e r s d e vi l w h e n a t the a n nu a l a sse mbly o f
,

Lu th e ra n Pa s tors i n B e rli n ( Se pt he re a ppe a re d

.

a s the R e v . Pro fe s s or Gra u a n d s a id N o t a fe w li s t e n

, ,
‘

to tho se striving to combin e Chri s t w ith B e li a l to re con ,

cil e re d e e ming tru th w ith mod e rn s ci e nc e a n d culture .

’

But though the y w h o ta k e the n a m e o f L uth e r in va in

ma y thu s join h a nd s w ith the D e vil a t w hom the R e ,

form e r thre w h is ink s t a nd th e comb a t w ill s till go on

, ,

a n d the Univ e rs ity B e li a l do the bra ve w ork o f Be l till

b e n e a th h is fe e t li e s the dra gon o f D a rkn e ss w h e th e r d is

gui s e d a s Pope or Prote s ta nt .

I f the Church w i s h e s to know pre ci s e ly ho w fa r the

roughn e s s pa rdon a bl e i n the p a s t s urvive s unp a rdon a bly
i n it s e l f le t i ts cl e rgy p e ru s e ca re fully th e follow i n g tra n s
,

l a tion by M r Le l a nd o f a poe m by H e in e ; a n d re a li se
.

th a t the D e vil po r tra y e d in it i s by gra c e o f i ts o w n p r e

,

l a te s a t pre se nt the most a dmire d p e rs on a ge in e ve ry

,

Court a n d fa s hion a bl e dra w i n g room in Chri st e ndom

-
.

I c a l le d th e D e v il, a n d he c a me
In bla n k a ma ze hi s fo r m I s c a n .

He i s n o t u gly, is n o t la me ,
Bu t a r e fi n e d , a c c o mpli sh e d ma n ,
O n e i n the v e r y p r i me o f li fe ,
At h o me i n e v e r y ca bi n e t s tr i fe ,
W h o , a s d i plo ma ti s t, c a n te ll
Chur c h a n d Sta te n e w s e x tr e me ly w e ll
—
.

He s i so m e w h a t p a le a n d n o w o n d e r e i the r ,

Si n c e he s tu d i e s Sa n s kr i t a n d H e ge l to ge the r .

H i s fa v o u r i te po e t i s s till F o n qu é .

Of c r i tic i s m he ma ke s n o me n ti o n ,
S in c e a ll su c h ma tte r s u n w o rth y a tte n ti o n
H e le a v e s to h i s gr a n d mo the r , H e c a te .

H e pr a i se d my le ga l e fl o r ts , a n d s a i d
'

Th a t he a l s o w he n y o u n ge r s o me la w ha d r ea d ,
R e ma r ki n g th a t fr i e n d s h ip li ke min e w o u ld be
An a c q u i s i tio n , a n d bo w e d to me ,
Th e n a sk e d if w e ha d n o t me t b e fo r e ,
At the Spa n i s h M i n i s te r s s o i r e e ?
’

An d , a s I s c a n n e d h i s fa c e o n c e mo r e ,
I fo u n d I ha d kn o w n him fo r ma n y a d a y .
 C H A PTE R X X I V .

W I TCHCRAFT .

M i n o r go d s —Sa i n ta n d Sa tyr — Tu te la r i e s—S pe lls—E a r ly C h r i s ti a n i ty

a n d th e p o r
o — I ts d o c tr i n e a s to a a n d e i ti e s— M e d i e v a l D e v il s
p g
D e v ils on th e s ta ge An bb
A o ts
’
r e v e la ti o n s The fa i r e r
i i
d e te s — O r i e n ta l d r e a msa n d s p i r i ts — Ca lls fo r N e me s i s — Li li th
a n d h e r c hi ld r e n — N e 0p la t o n i c m
i s — As tr o lo gy a n d Al c h e m y
De v i
’
l s C o lle ge — She m ha mmph o r as c h—Ap o llo n i u s o f T y a n a
-

F a u s tu s Bla c k Ar t Sc h o o ls—Co mpa c ts w i th th e D e v il—B lo o d

c o v e n a n t—Sp i r i t s e a n c e s i n o ld ti me s — The Fa i r fa x d e lu s i o n
-

O r igi n o f i ts d e v il—W i tc h, go a t, a n d c a t— Co n fe s s io n s o f W i tc h e s
— i n w l —
W i tc hc r a ft N e E n g a n d W itc h tr ia ls— Sa le m d e mo n o lo gy
— Te s ti n g w i t c h e s — W i tc h t r i a l s i n S w e d e n — W i tc h Sa bb a th
— —
M yth o lo gi c a l le me n ts Ca r r i e r s Sc o tc h W i tc he s —Th e ca u ld r o n
e

— Ve r v a i n — R u e —I n v o c a ti o n o f H e ca te— F a c to r s o f W i tc h p e r
s e c u ti n o — T r — —
h e e c e n tu r i e s o f ma ss a c r e W ii r zbu rg h o r r o r s La s t
v i c ti ms— M o d e m Sp i r i tu a li s m .

ST CY P RI AN
. d e vil i n a flo w e r Th a t littl e vi s ion
sa w the .
1

ma y re port more th a n m a ny more fa mou s on e s th e con

s i s t e ncy w ith w hich th e firs t chri s ti a n s h a d d e v e lop e d th e

doctrin e th a t n a ture is the inca rn a tion o f th e E vil S piri t .

It re ports to u s the s e ns e o f m a ny s ound s a n d s ights w hich

w e re h e a rd a n d s e e n by c a rs a n d e y e s tra in e d fo r s uc h a n d

no oth e r a ll s ho w ing th a t the g e nii o f n a ture a n d b e a u ty

,

w e re va ni s hing from th e e a rth Ove r the E ge a n s e a w e re

.

h e a rd l a m e nta tion s a n d th e voic e G re a t Pa n i s d e a d ! ,

’

1
S Cyp a p M u ra to r i , Scr ipt it i 2 9 5, 54 5
. . . . .Th e M a gi c i a n s u se d to ca ll
. .

i i he n a me o
the r m rro rs a fte r t f this flo w e r d e v i l— F i or on e M M a u r y, La
-
. .

M a gi c. 4 35
’
n
 M I N OR G OD S . 2 89

A u gu s tu s con s ults th e ora cl e of A pollo an d re ce ive s

r e ply
M e p u e r H e br z u s, D i v o s D e u s i pse gu be ma n s,
Ce d e r e se d e j be t tr is tr e mqu e
u , r e d ir e s u b o r c u m;
Ar i s e r go de hin c ta c i ti s a b s c e d i to n o s tr i s .

But w hil e the ra ge o f th e s e Fa th e rs to w a rd s a ll the

gre a t god s a n d god d e ss e s w ho in th e ir gra nd te mpl e s ,

r e pre s e nt e d the prid e o f li fe w a s re mors e l e s s th e y w e re

‘ ’
, ,

compa ra tive ly indi ffe re nt to th e be li e f or di s be li e f o f the

low e r cl a ss e s in th e ir s m a ll tute l a ry diviniti e s Th e y .

a pp e a r a lmo s t to h a ve e ncour a g e d b e li e f in th e s e p e rh a p s ,

a ppre ci a ting the a dv a nta g e s o f th e popul a r cu s tom o f

givi n g ge n e rou s o ffe rings to s uch p e rs on a l a n d dom e s tic

p a trons A t a ve ry e a rly p e riod th e re s e e m s to h a ve
.

a ri s e n a n id e a o f conve rting th e s e more pl e b e i a n s pirits

i nto g u a rdi a n a ng e l s w ith chri s ti a n n a m e s Thu s J e rom e .

re l a te s in his Li fe o f th e firs t H e rm it Pa ul tha t w h e n St , .

A nthony w a s on h i s w a y to vi s it th a t holy ma n he e n ,

counte re d a Ce nta ur w ho point e d out the w a y ; a n d n e xt

a hum a n lik e d w a rf w ith horn s hook e d finge rs a n d fe e t
-

, ,

lik e tho s e o f a go a t St A nthony be li e ving thi s to be a n

. .

a pp a rition o f th e D e vil ma d e the s ign o f the Cro s s ; but ,

the littl e ma n no w i s e troubl e d by thi s r e s p e ct fully a p

, ,

p r o a c h e d th e monk a n d h a ving b e e n a s ke d w ho he w a s
, ,

a n s w e re d : I a m a morta l a n d o n e o f those inha bita nts ,

o f th e D e s e rt w hom th e G e ntil e s in th e ir e rror w ors h ip

u nd e r th e n a m e s o f Fa un s Sa tyrs a n d Incubi : I a m , ,

d e l e ga te d by my p e opl e to a sk o f th e e to pra y fo r u s to
o u r common God w h o w e kno w h a s d e s ce nd e d fo r th e
,

s a lva tion o f th e w orld a n d w ho s e pra i s e s re s ound in a ll

,

the e a rth A t thi s glorifica tion o f Chri s t St A ntho n y

’
. .

w a s tra n s port e d w ith joy a n d turni n g to w a rd s A l e x a ndri a ,

h e cri e d W o e to th e e a dult e rou s city w hich a d o r e s t

,
‘
, ,

a ni ma l s a s god s l

VOL I I
. .
2 90 TUTE LARI E S

P e rh a ps the e volut i on o f th e s e d e se rt d e mon s into go o d

chri s ti a n s w ould h a ve gon e on more ra pidly a n d c o m
p le te ly i f th e primitiv e th e ologi a n s h a d k n o w n a s m uc h o f
th e ir hi story a s compa ra tive mythology ha s di s clos e d to
th e mod e rn w orld . St A nthony w a s ho w e v e r fa irly o n
.
, ,

th e tra ck o f th e m w h e n he turn e d to w a rd s A l e x a ndri a .

E gypt a ppe a rs to h a ve b e e n the e s p e ci a l c e ntre fro m

w hich w e r e di stribut e d throu gh the w orld th e fe t is h
gu a rdia n s o f p rovinc e s tow n s hou s e hold s a n d individu a l s
, ,
.

Th e ir S e ra p e s re a pp e a r in the Te ra phim o f L a b a n a n d ,

ma ny o f the form s th e y u s e d re a pp e a r in th e P e n a te s ,

La re s a n d g e nii o f L a tin countri e s

,
A ll th e se i n th e i r
.

s e v e ra l countri e s w e re origin a lly re l a t e d to i ts a nci e nt

re ligion or mythology but be fore th e chri s ti a n e r a the y
,

w e re v e ry much th e s a m e in E gypt Gre e c e a n d It a ly

,
Th e y
, .

w e re s h a p e d in m a ny di ffe re n t but u s u a lly n a tu ra l form s

, ,

s uch a s s e rp e nts dog s boy s a n d old me n though o fte n

, , , ,

s om e intim a tion w a s give n o f th e ir d e monic ch a ra cte r .

Th e y w e re so multipli e d th a t e ve n pl a nts a n d a ni m a l s
h a d th e ir gu a rd i a n s . T he a nthropomorphic g e nii c a ll e d
th e P a trii w ho w e re s uppose d to p re s id e ov e r prov i n c e s
, ,

w e r e ge n e ra lly re pre s e nt e d be a ring w e a pon s w ith w hich

th e y d e fe nd e d th e re gion s o f w hich th e y w e re p a tron s .

T h e s e w e re the A v e rr u n c i or A p o tr o p mi .

T h e re a r e m a ny inte re s ti n g bra nch e s o f thi s s u bj e ct

w h ich c a nnot be e nt e re d into h e re a n d oth e rs h a v e a lr e a dy
,

b e e n cons id e re d in the fore going pa rts o f thi s w ork I t i s .

s u ffi ci e nt fo r my pre s e nt pur o s e to r e m a rk th a t i n th e

p , ,

co u rs e o f tim e a ll the hou se holds o f the w orld h a d tra di

,
 CH A R M S . 2 91

from the vicinity o f good e ngra v e rs

m a rke d — might be
o nly w ith th e v e rb a l ch a rm s ; th e s e a ga i n w e re in the e n d , ,

fre qu e ntly r e pre s e nt e d only by s om e w ord or n a m e Thi s .

s p e ll Im a gin a tion fa ils in the e ffort to conce ive

’
w a s th e
‘
.

ho w m a ny s tra ta o f e xtinct d e iti e s ha d b e qu e a the d to the

a nci e nt E gypti a n s those mystic a l n a m e s w hos e e x a ct
utte ra nce the y b e li e ve d w ould con s tra in e a ch god s o n a m e d
to a ppe a r a n d bi n d him to s e rve the invok e r s purpose ’

w h e th e r good or e vil Thi s id e a continu e d a mong the

1
.

J e w s a n d s h a pe d the comm a nd m e nt Thou sh a lt n o t t a k e ,

th e n a me o f th e L ord thy God in va in

’
.

It w a s in th e s e diminutive form s th a t gre a t s ys t e ms

s urviv e d a mong th e common p e opl e A mid n a tura l con .

v u ls i o n s a nci e nt form a tion s o f fa ith w e re brok e n into

fra gm e nts ; in th e e bb a n d fl o w o f tim e th e s e fra gm e nts
w e re s mooth e d a s i t w e re into th e s e t a li s m a nic p e bbl e s
, , .

Y e t e a ch o f th e s e conv e y e d a ll the virtu e w hich ha d b e e n

d e r ive d from the gre a t a n d co s tly c e re monia l s ys te m fro m
w hich it origin a lly crumbl e d ; th e virtu e o f s oothing the

mind a n d ca lming the n e rv e s o f s u ffe re rs w ith the fe e li n g

th a t though th e y might h a ve b e e n a ss a il e d by hos til e
,

pow e rs th e y ha d fri e n dly po w e rs too w ho w e re a ctive in

,

th e ir b e h a l f — V s l —
indica tor to re ca l Job s phra s e w h o a t
,
’

la s t w ould s t a n d by th e m to th e e n d In the furth e r e bb .

a n d fl o w o f g e n e ra tion s th e m a ss o f s uch ch a rms a r e

furth e r pulve ri s e d into s a nd or into mud ; but n o t a ll o f

th e m : a mid th e mud w ill be found m a ny s urviving S p e ci
m e n s a n d s uch mud o f a ccumula te d s upe rs tition s is a l w a ys
,

s u s c e ptibl e o f b e ing r e mould e d a ft e r s uch ling e ring mod e l s ,

s hould occ a s ion d e m a nd .

E ra s mu s in hi s A d a ge s s ugge s t s th a t it w a s fro m th e s e
‘ ’

, ,

g e nii o f the Ge ntil e s tha t th e chri sti a n s d e rive d th e i r

‘ ’

1
Thi s w ho le su bj e c t is tr ea te d , an d w it
ha mp le r e fe r e nc es, in M M a u ry
.
’
a

M a gi e , p 4 1 ,
’
. reg.
 2 9 2 CH RI S TI AN I T Y AN D TH E PO OR .

notion o f e a ch p e rs on b e ing a tte n d e d by tw o a nge ls a ,

good a n d a ba d Proba bly he w a s but h a l f right The

. .

e opl e s to w hom he re fe rs did not g e n e ra lly b e li e ve th a t

p
e a ch ma n w a s a tt e nd e d by a b a d s pirit a p e rs on a l e n e my
‘
.
,

Th a t w a s a n honour re s e rv e d fo r individu a l s p a rticul a rly

formid a bl e to th e e vil po w e rs — A d a m J a cob H e rcu le s , , , ,

o r Zoro a s t e r Th e o n e pre t e rn a tu ra l po w e r a tt e nding e a c h

.

ordin a r y individu a l d e fe nd e d him from the g e n e ra l forc e s

o f e vil But it w a s Chri stia nity w hich i n the gra du a l
. ,

e fl o r t to s ub s titute pa tron s a ints a n d gu a rdi a n a nge l s

'
- -

o f i ts o w n fo r th e p a g a n g e nii turn e d the l a tt e r from ,

fri e nd s to e n e mi e s a n d th e ir prote cti n g int o a s s a il i ng

,

w e a pon s .

A ll th e h e re dita ry hou se hold god s o f w h a t is n o w c a ll e d

Chri st e ndom w e re di a boli s e d Bu t in o rd e r th a t the .

m a s s e s might turn from th e m a n d i nvoke chri s ti a n g u a r

dia n s the P e n a t es La re s a n d ge nii ha d to be be littl e d o n
, , ,

th e o n e h a nd a n d th e s u pe rior po w e r o f th e s a int s a n d
,

a ng e l s d e mon s tra t e d W h e n Chri s ti a nity ha d g a in e d the

.

thron e o f politica l pow e r it w a s e a s y to s how th a t the ,

‘
imp s a s th e old gu a rdi a ns w e re n o w c a ll e d could n o
,
’
,

longe r prot e ct th e ir invok e rs from c hri s ti a n pu n i s h me nt ,

o r con fe r e qu a l fa vours .

Chri s ti a nity conqu e re d E urop e by the s w ord b u t a t ,

firs t tha t sw ord w a s not w i e ld e d a ga in s t th e h u mbl e

m a sse s It w a s w i e ld e d a ga in s t the ir proud oppr e s s ors
. .

To th e common p e opl e it brought gl a d tidi n g s o f a n e w

o rd e r in w hich und e r th e b a nn e r o f a crucifi e d w o rk ing
, ,

ma n a n d his (a ll e ge d) pe a s a n t moth e r a ll c a s te s ho u ld d i s ,

a pp e a r but th a t o f pi e ty a n d ch a r it C hri t tin ith

y s e a g w .

publica n s a n d s inn e rs a n d h e a ling the w a y s id e c ri p pl e s

r e a pp e a re d in St M a rtin dividing h i s e mbroid e r e d c lo a k
.

w i th a be gg a r — type o f a n e w a ri stocra cy T h e y w ho .

w orshipp e d th e Cr u c i fie d P e a sa n t in the r o ck c a v e o f -
 I TS A TTI T UD E TO WAR D S PA GAN D E I TI E S . 2 93

Tou rs hich St M a rtin h a d cons e cra te d or in l i ttle St

w .
, .

M a rtin s Church a t Ca nt e rbury w h e re Be rth a w a s ba ptize d

’

could not se e the s pl e ndid ca th e dra l s n o w vis ibl e from

the m built o f th e ir bon e s a n d c e m e nte d w ith th e ir blood
, .

K i n g E th e lbe rt s u rre nd e re d the t e mpl e o f hi s idol to the

cons e cra tion o f A ugu s tin e a n d h is ba ptiz e d s ubj e cts ha d
,

no d i fli c u lty in se e in g the point o f the ej e cte d d e vil s t a lon s ’

on the w a ll w hich he a s sa il e d w h e n the firs t m a s s w a s

th e re in ce l e bra te d .

Gl a d tidings to the poor w e re th e se tha t th e pe rs e cut e d

firs t mi ss io n a ri e s brought to G a u l Brit a in a n d Ge rm a n y , , .

But the y did not l a s t The chri s ti a n s a n d the p a ga n

.

prince s like H e rod a n d Pil a te join e d ha nds to cruci fy the

, ,

E urop e a n p e a s a nt a n d he w a s re duce d to a w ors e s e r fdom

,

tha n he ha d s u ffe re d be fore E ve ry humbl e hom e in .

E urop e w a s tra mpl e d in the mire in the n a m e o f Chri st .

Th e poor m a n s w i fe a n d child a n d a ll h e po ss e ss e d w e re
’

victim s o f the w orkm a n o f J e ru s a l e m turn e d d e s troy e r o f

h i s bre thre n M ich e l e t h a s w e ll tra c e d W itchcra ft to the
.

D e s p a ir o f th e M iddl e A g e s 1
Th e d e c a y o f the old r e li
‘

gion s w hich Chri s ti a n ity ha d m a d e too ra pid fo r it to be

,

compl e t e ha d l e ft a s w e h a ve s e e n a ll the tra i n s l a id

, , ,

fo r th a t t e rribl e e xplo s ion ; a n d n o w i ts o w n h a nd o f

cru e lty brough t the torch to ignit e th e m L e t u s a t .
,

ri s k o f s om e ite ra tion cons id e r s om e o f th e s e c o mb u s

,

tibl e e l e m e nts .

In the firs t pl a ce the Church h a d re cogni s e d the e x is

te nc e o f th e p a ga n god s a n d go d e sse s not w i s hing to ,

i mbr e e d in the popul a r mind a s ce ptica l h a bit a n d a l s o ,

h a ving u s e fo r th e m to e xcit e t e rror H a vi n g fo r thi s .

la tte r purpo s e ca rv e d a n d p a int e d th e m a s ugly a n d

b e sti a l it b e ca m e fu r th e r o f importa nc e th a t th e y s hould
,

be re pre s e nt e d a s s t u pid a n d compa ra tive ly i mpote nt .

1 La So r c iér e
’
.
2 94 ME DI ! VAL D E VI L S .

B a pti s m could e xo r c is e th e m a n d a crucifix put th o u ,

s a nd s o f th e m to flig ht Thi s tuition w a s not d i fli c u lt

. .

Th e p e a s a ntri e s o f E urop e ha d re a dily be e n induc e d to

a s s oci a t e the n e w ly a nnounc e d (chri s ti a n ) D e vil w it h
th e ir mo s t mi s chi e vou s d e mon s But w e ha ve a lre a d y .

con s id e re d the forc e s und e r w hich th e s e d e mon s h a d

e n t e re d on th e ir d e clin e b e fore th e y w e r e a s s oci a t e d w it h

S a ta n . M a ny conqu e re d ob s truction s h a d r e nd e re d th e
D e mon s w hich re pre s e nt e d th e m ridic u lou s H e nc e th e .

D u mme te u fe l o f s o m a ny G e rm a n fa bl e s a n d o f th e
‘~ ’

m e die va l mira cl e pl a ys N o gre a t e r -

.

proo f s a ys D r D a s c n t c a n be give n
,
’
.
,
‘

o f th e s m a ll hold w hich th e chri s ti a n

D e vil ha s t a k e n o f th e N ors e mind th a n ,

th e h e a th e n a s p e ct und e r w hich h e c o n
s ta n tl
y a pp e a r s a n d t h e ludicrou s w a y ,

in w hich h e is a l w a ys out w itt e d 1

Th e .
’

G e rm a n s s a ys M a x M ull e r i n d o c ,
’
,
‘

tr i n a te d w ith the id e a o f a re a l d e vil ,

th e Se mitic Sa t a n or D i a bolu s tre a t e d ,

him in the mo s t good humoure d ma n -

1
A fa ir id e a o f th e i n s i gn i fi c a n c e
’
n er .

he a n d h i s a ng e l s re a ch e d ma y b e
— g in d f rom t h e a c c o mp a n i n g pictu r e
8 D
a e

“1 “ 11 1m ”
Fi
g. 1 . a v 1 1. s

( g
F i w ith w hich a .m e di e v a l M i s s a l
n o w in po s s e s s ion o f S i r Jo s e ph H ook e r i s illu min a t e d .

It could not be e xp e cte d tha t the m a ss e s w ould fe a r

be i n gs w hom th e ir pri e s ts thu s h e ld up to ridicul e It .

i s not di ffi cult to im a gin e the proce s s o f e volutio n by

w hich th e horn s o f s uch in s ignific a n t d e v il s turn e d to the

a s inin e e a rs o f s uch d e vil s a s thi s s t a ll c a r v ing a t Corb e il ,

n e a r P a ri s ( Fig w hich r e pre s e nt e d th e popul a r vi e w

.

' ’
1 N o r s e Ta le s , I n tr o d
D a sc n ts . c ii i.

Ch ips, i i
‘ ’
.
 D E VI L S ON TH E S TA GE . 2 95

o f th e m a s t e ry obta in e d by w itc h e s ove r d e vil s It mu s t .

be re m e mb e re d a l s o th a t thi s po w e r ove r d e vil s w a s in

a ccord a nc e w ith th e tr a dition s con c e r ni n g Solomon and ,

th e s ubs e rvi e ncy of

Ori e nta l d e mon s g e n e

ra lly to the l a mps or
cha rm s to w hich th e y
w e re bound .

W h a t th e popul a r
chri s ti a n d e vil ha d
b e com e in a ll the
N o r th e rn n a tion s i s
s u fli c i e n tly s ho w n in

th e figure h e p r e
s e nt e d in mo s t o f the

old mira cl e pl a ys a n d -

F ig 9 —C C a n v 1x c a r o a n a 11.
M ora liti e s
1
Th e
2 2 . .

D e v i ll in h i s fe the r s a ll ra gg e d a n d re nt 1
ha d horn s w id e
’

, ,

mo n th long (s om e tim e s u p turn e d) no s e r e d b e a rd clove n

,
-
, ,

foot a n d t a il
, H e w a s a tt e nd e d by a bu ffoon ca ll e d V ic e
.

A n d s a y s H a r s e n e t it w a s a pre tty p a rt in th e old

‘ ’ ‘
, ,

Church pl a y e s w h e n the nimbl e V ic e w ould s kip up

n imbly lik e a J a ck a n a p e s into th e D e vil s n e ck e a n d ri d e
’

th e D e vil a cours e a n d b e l a bour him w ith a wood e n

,

d a gge r till he m a d e him roa r w he re a t the p e opl e w ould

, ,

l a ugh to s e e the D e vil so V ic e ha unt e d 1

The tw o mu s t -

h a ve n e a rly re s e mble d the clow n a n d his unh a ppy victi m

P a nta loon in our pa ntomim e s a s to th e ir a ntics It w ould ,
.

s e e m th a t s om e tim e s holy p e rs o n a g e s w e re ca rica ture d

i n th e m a k e u p o f the s t a g e d e vil Th u s in Ga mm e r ‘
- -
.

G u r to n s N e e dl e w e h a ve thi s conv e rs a tion

’

Gri mme r But H o d ge ha d h e no horn s to pu sh ?

.
, ,

1 ‘
Che s te r Pl a ys,
’
1 600 .

1
D e cla r a tio n of P o p i sh I mpo s tu r es,
’
1 603.
 TII E A BB O T S R E VE LA TI ON S
’
2 9 6 .

H odge long a s you r tw o a rm

. As n r es . Sa w y e ev e

fry e r R u s h e
Pa inte d on cloth w ith a s id e long cow e s ta y le
,
’

A n d crook e d clove n fe e t a n d ma ny a hook e d n a y le ? ,

For a ll the w orld (i f I s hould j u dg e ) ho ld r kon

s u e c h i m
hi s broth e r ;
Loke e ve n w h a t fa ce fry e r R u s h e ha d th e d e vi l ha d
, ,

s uch a noth e r .

I n the s ce n e o f Chri s t s d e live ring s oul s from pu rg a tory

’
.

the D e vil i s re pre s e nt e d a s blo w ing lu s tily a horn to a l a rm

h i s comra d e s a n d crying ,
Out out a r o n z t to th e ,
‘
, ,

inva d e r H e fights w ith a thre e prong e d fork H e a n d

. -
.

h i s victim s a r e pa int e d bl a ck 1 in contra s t w ith th e s oul s ,

o f the s a ve d w hich a r e w hit e Th e h a ir w a s con s id e re d

, .

v ry importa nt W he n h e w e nt to b a ttl e e ve n h i s fi e r y
e 11
.
,

n a ture w a s s om e tim e s r e pre s nt d in a w a th a t mu st

e e y
h v b n more ludicrou s th a n impre s s ive
a e e e 1
1
.

Th e i n s ign i fic a n c e to w hich the pri e s t s h a d r e du c e d the

d vil in the pl a ys w h e re th e y w e re u s u a lly th e a ctors
e
, .

r fl ct d th e ir o w n p e tty routin e o f li fe Th e y coul d con

e e e
.

c e iv e o f
nothing more te rribl e th a n th e i r o w n me a n mi s
h a ps a n d loc a l obs tructions On e gre a t o ffi c e o f th e D e vil .

w a s to t e mpt s
om e fri a r to Sl e e p w h e n h e s ho u l d b e a t
‘
p r y e r m a k e a noth e r drink too much or a third c a s t w a rm
a ,
,

g l a nc e s a t a vill a ge
be a uty Th e R ev e la ti o n : o f th e A bbot
.

R i c h a lmu s w r itte n s e v n
, e hundre d y e a rs a go s h o w s the ,

1Sm Sha ke s pe re ,
o
The D e v i l d a mn the e bla c k ’
‘

Ti D
11000
a 1 568, w e fin d ’
pa y d fo r iij 11 of
°

. he a r e i j
e i re c tion s fo r the Ca stle of Go od P e r s e v e ra n c e
’
sa y : he 13
“ 50113 1
1
P 79 be lya l l o k e D he ha v e
1 ’
gu ii e po w d
,
r
bre i in g
‘
’ a
’ ’

er s I h s a r s w hi n e h e
in
py py s i h s h a n ds i h s
g ot he to ba ta le ’
1
Thi s n o ti o n w a s w i d y .

e s re a d
. p .
 TR I AL S OF R I CH A LM US . 2 97

D e vil lre a dy fa r gon e in h is proc e ss o f diminution The

a .

D e vil h e re conc e ntra te s th e e n e rgi e s w hich once ma d e the

e a rth tr e mbl e on c a u s ing n a u s e a to th e A bbot a n d m a king ,

the choir cough w hil e h e i s pre a ching W h e n I s it .

‘

dow n to holy s tudi e s h e sa ys the d e vil s ma ke me h e a vy

,
’
,
‘

w ith s l e e p Th e n I s tre tch my h a nd s b e yond my c u fl s to

'

give th e m a c hill Forth w ith the s pirits prick me u nd e r

.

my cloth e s lik e so m a ny fl e a s w hich c a u s e s me to put my ,

h a nd s on th e m ; a n d s o th e y ge t w a rm a ga i n a n d my ,

re a ding grow s ca re le s s Com e j u s t look a t my lip ; fo r

’ ‘
.
,

tw e nty y e a rs ha s a n imp clung to it ju s t to ma k e it h a n g

dow n .
’
It i s ludicrou s to find th a t a nci e nt ch a ra ct e ri s tic
o f th e god s o f D e a th a lre a dy a dve r t e d to — th e ir ha tre d o f
s a lt the a g e nt o f pr e s e r va tion— d e s c e nd e d from b e i n g the
,

s ign o f Job s con s t a ncy to J e hov a h into a m e re it e m o f th e

’

Abbot s a pp e tit e
’
W h e n I a m a t dinn e r a n d the d e vil
.
‘
,

h a s t a k e n a w a y my a pp e tit e a s s oon a s I h a ve t a s t e d a ,

littl e sa lt it com e s b a ck to me ; a n d i f s hortly a ft e rw a rd s , ,

I los e it a ga i n I ta k e s om e more sa lt a n d a m once more

, ,

a n hung e re d
’
1
.

On e d a ng e rou s e l e m e nt w a s the cont e mpt into w hich ,

by m a ny ca u se s th e in fe rn a l pow e rs ha d b e e n brought
,
.

But a more d a nge rou s o n e la y in a noth e r dire ction .

Thou gh th e curre nt phr a s e s o f the N e w Te s t a m e nt a n d

o f th e Fa th e rs o f the Church d e cl a ring thi s w orld i ts , ,

w e a lth love s a n d pl e a s ure s to be a ll the kingdom o f

, , ,

S a t a n h a d b e com e c a nt in the mouth s o f pri e s ts rulin g

,

ove r E urope it ha d n e v e r b e e n ca nt to the humbl e

,

pe a sa ntri e s A lth ough th e y ha d d e gra d e d m a ny d e vil s

.

i mporte d by th e pri e s ts it h a d b e e n in conn e ction w ith ,

t h e d e clining t e rror s o f th e ir n a tiv e d e monologi e s But .

a bov e th e s e d e gr a d e d a n d h a t e d gnom e s a n d e lv e s w ho s e ,

1 Li be r Re v e la ti o n u m d e I n si di i s e tVe r su ti i s D e mo n u m a dv e r sus H o min e a

Re v ille s Rev i e w o f Ro s ko fl, The D e v il, p 38
'
’ ’
Sec . .
2 93 TH E FAI R E R D E I TI E S .

pa te rni ty ha d b e e n tra n s fe rr e d fro m Se te r e to S a ta n ,

—
th e re w a s a n a rra y o f b e a uti ful d e iti e s ge ntl e g o d s a n d
godd e s se s tra dition a lly re ve re d a n d love d a s prote c to r s o f
the hom e a n d the fa mily— w hich ha d n e ve r re a lly los t t h e i r

hold on the common pe ople The y might h a ve s h r u n k

.

be fore the a ggre ss ive victori e s o f the Sa int s i nto l i ttl e

F a iri e s but th e ir continu e d love fo r th e poor a n d th e
,

O ppre s s e d w a s the rom a nc e o f e v e ry hou s e hold W ha t .

did th e s e good fa i r i e s do ? T h e y s om e tim e s lo a d e d th e

lo w ly w ith w e a lth i f s u mmon e d in ju s t the righ t w a y ;
,

th e y s a ng s e cre ts to th e m from tre e s a s littl e bird s th e y ,

s mooth e d th e cours e o f love cloth e d a sh m a id e n s in fi n e

-

clothe s tra ns porte d p e opl e through the a i r e n a ble d th e m

, ,

to re nd e r the m se lve s invuln e ra bl e or invi s ibl e to ge t o u t:

, ,

o f pri son s to va n quis h the pow e rs tha t b e w h e th e r

‘ ’
, ,
‘
ord a in e d o f God or not N o w a ll th e s e w e re b e n e fi t s
’
.

w hich , by chri sti a n th e o r y could only be con fe rre d b y

,

th a t Prince o f thi s W orld w ho mini s te re d to th e pri d e ‘

o f li fe
’
.

Into hom e s w hich th e pri e s t a n d his n obl e ha d s tri ppe d o f

h ppin
a e s s a n d —
hope w hose loving brid e s w e re fo r b a p tiz e d
,
’

Blu b rd s w hose ha rd e a rn ings w e re ta ke n a s th e pri c e

e e a ,

o f s a lva tion from d e vil s w ho se a

w fuln e s s w a s d e p a rting ,

th re e c a m e fro m a fa r ru mours o f gre a t w e a lth a n d S pl e n

dour co n fe rre d u pon th e ir w ors hipp e rs by E a s te rn god s a n d

godd e s s es The pri e s ts s a id a ll thos e w e re d e vil s w h o
.

w ould t o rture t e
h ir d e vote e s e t e rn a lly a fte r d e a th ; y e t i t
could not be de ni e d th a t the M oors ha d the s e cre t o f
lu s tre s a n d orn a m e nta ti o n th a t the h e a th e n E a s t w a s
,
 ORI E N TA L D R E AM S AN D SPI R I TS . 2 99

mo ri ’
s t e mpl e o f rich Pluto o f a ugu s t A hrim a n ? Along
, ,

w ith s tori e s o f Ori e n t a l ma gnific e nc e th e r e s pre a d through

Chri s te ndo m n a m e s o f m a ny d e iti e s a n d d e mon s ; m a ny

o f t he m b e a uti ful n a m e s too e uph e mi s m h a ving g e n e r ally
,
,

ma n a g e d to b e s to w m e lodiou s e pith e t s a lik e o n d e iti e s

fe a re d a n d love d I n F a u s t s M ira culou s A r t a n d Book
’ ‘
.
s

o f M a rve l s or the B la ck R a ve n th e in fe rn a l h e ir
’

a rchy a r e thu s n a m e d z — K i n g L uci fe r ; Vi ce r qy, B e li a l

;

G u be m a tor es S a t a n B e e lz e bub A s t a roth Pluto ; Clzi ef

, , , ,

P r i n ces A zi e l M e p hi stoph e l e s M a r bu e l A ri e l A n i gu e l
, , , , , ,

A n i s e l Ba r fa e l Se ductive m e a nings too corr e s ponding to

, .
, ,

th e s e n a m e s ha d filt e re d in s om e w a y from the high pl a c e s

,

th e y onc e occupi e d into the mind s o f the p e opl e L uci fe r .

w a s a fa ll e n s t a r th a t might ri se a g a in ; B e li a l a n d Be e lz e

b u b w e re princ e s o f th e fi r e th a t r e nd e r e d po s s ibl e th e
a rt s o f ma n a n d the Be lfir e s n e ve r w e nt out in th e cold
,

N orth ; A s t a rte m e a nt b e a uty a n d Pluto w e a lth ; A zi e l ,

A e l ) w a s Pre s id e nt o f th e gre a t Coll e ge o f occ u lt a rts

( s a ,

fro m w hom Solomon l e a r n e d th e s e cre t s by w hich h e

ma d e the j inni h i s s l a ve s ; M a r bu e l w a s the a rti s t a n d
me ch a nic s om e ti m e s be li e ve d to a i d a rti s a n s w ho pro
,

d u c e d w ork b e yond ordin a ry hum a n s kill ; A ri e l w a s the

fi n e sp irit o f the a i r w ho s e int e llig e nc e corre s pond e d to
th a t o f the H oly G ho s t on the oth e r s id e ; A n igu e l i s th e
s e rp e nt o f P a r a di s e g e n e r a lly w ritt e n A n i s e l
, A n i za z e l i s
prob a bly a fa nci ful re l a tive o f A z a z e l the s trong god ,
‘

a n d Ba r fa e l w h o in a l a t e r Fa u s t book i s Ba r b u e l i s a n
,

o ri e nt a li s e d form o f th e d e mon o f the long b e a rd w ho

‘

h old s th e s e c re t o f th e phil o s oph e r s s ton e

’
.

I n a l a te r ch a pt e r the grow th o f fa voura bl e vi e w s o f

the d e vil i s con s id e re d Som e o f the l e g e nd s th e re i n
.

r e l a te d ma y be in s tr u ctive ly re a d i n conn e ction w ith the

d e v e lopm e nt o f W itchcra ft M a n y rumours w e re s pre a d
.

a bro a d o f kindly a s s i s t a nc e bro u ght by d e mon s to p e rs on s

36 6 S OR CE RE SSE S .

in di stre ss . Bu t e ve n more th a n by hope s so a w a k e n e d

w a s the w itch a id e d by the burnin g d e s ire o f the p e opl e

fo r ve nge a nce . Th e y w a nt e d Z a mi e l ( Sa m a el ) to h e lp
th em to mould the bull e t tha t w ould not mi s s i ts m a rk .

The D e vil a n d a ll hi s a ng e l s ha d long be e n r e cogni s e d by

th e ir c a t e chi s ts a s b e ing utili s e d by the D e ity to e xe cute his
ve nge a nce on the guilty ; a n d to se r fs in th e ir a gony tha t
d e v il w ho w ould n o t s pa re princ e or pri e s t w a s more
d e s ire d th a n e ve n the be sto w e r o f fa vours to the ir s ta rving
mind s a n d bodi e s .

Und e r the long a ge s o f w a r in E urope a b sorbing the ,

e n e rgi e s o f me n ,
w om e n h a d b e com e the pre s e rv e rs o f

l e tte rs The e r a o f w itchcra ft i n E urope found th a t s e x

.

a lon e a bl e to r e a d a n d w rite a rts di se s t e e m e d i n me n

, ,

a mong th e p e a sa ntry a t l e a s t To th e m me n turn e d w h e n

.

it ha d b e com e a pri e stly l e ss on tha t a fe w w ord s w e re

more pot e nt th a n the w e a pon s o f prince s B e s id e s thi s .
,

w om e n w e re t he chi e f s orce re rs b e c a u s e th e y w e re the

,

chi e f s u ffe re rs In A l s a ce
. out o f se ve nty fiv e w ho -

p e ri s h e d a s w itch e s s ixty tw o w e re w om e n The fa mou s

,
-
.

M a lle ur M a lefi eo m m w hich did more e vil th a n a n y w ork

,

e v e r publi s h e d d e rive s f e mi n a fro mfi de mi n u s

,
A lthough.

in the Fa u s t l e ge nd M e phi stoph e l e s obj e cts to m a rri a ge ,

m a ny s tori e s re pre s e nt di a bolica l w e ddi n gs Pa rticul a r .

d e ta il s w e re told o f the m a rri a ge o f Sa ta n w ith the

d a ughte r o f a So rce re ss a t E gn i sc he n on w hich
occ a s ion the thre e tow e rs o f the c a s tl e the re w e re s a i d
to h a ve be e n illumin a te d a n d a s pl e ndid b a nqu e t s pre a d
, ,

the fa vourit e di s h be ing a r a gou t o f b a ts Th e re w a s e x

.

q u i s i te mu s ic
,
a n d a b e a uti‘
ful m a n bl e ss e d th e nupti a l s .

H o w m a ny poor p e a s a nt girl s mu st h a ve ha d s uch dre a m s

a s th e y looke d up from th e ir drudge r y to the brilli a nt

cha te a ux ?
I n the illum i n a te d m a nu s cript know n a s Qu e e n Ma ry s
’
 LE I TH A S CA T 30 1

Ps a lt e r th r pic ur f h F ll o f Ma n
’

( ) e 1 553
e i s a t e o t e a

( g )
F i 2
. 0 w hich po s s e s se s fa r r e a ching s ignific a nc e -
It i s a .

modifica tion o f th a t id e a w hich ga in e d s uch w id e curre ncy

,

i n th e M iddl e A g e s th a t it w a s the s e rp e nt w oma n L ilit h

,
-

w ho h a d t e mpt e d A d a m to e a t th e forbidd e n fruit In .

thi s picture w hil e the be a uti ful fa ce a n d a mpl e h a ir o f

,

L ilith a r e giv e n in s t e a d o f th e u s u a l fe m a l e bu st s he ha s
,

th e body o f a c a t Thi s nocturn a l a n im a l a lre a dy s a cre d

.
,

to Fre yj a the Te utonic Ve nu s w ho se ch a riot it dre w

, , ,

ga in e d a n e w mythologic a l c a r e e r in the N o rth by the

Fi g. a o. —L11 r r n . as Ca r .

la rge numb e r o f South e rn a n d Ori e nt a l s tori e s w hich

r e l a t e d it to the lun a r a n d a morou s d e mon e ss e s W he n .

the god s fl e d be fore the Tita n s D i a n a a s Ovid re l a t e s , , .

cha nge d h e rs e l f to a c a t a n d a s in fe rn a l H e ca te th a t
,

a nim a l w a s s till be s id e h e r I f my re a d e r w ill turn to .

v ol i p
. . 1 30 s om e o f the va s t numb e r o f myth s w hich
.
,

pre pa re d the ca t to t a k e i ts pl a ce a s fa mili a r o f the

w itch ma y be found W h e th e r the a rti s t ha d Lilith in h i s
.

min d o r n o t the i llu min a ti on i n Qu e e n Ma ry s Ps a lt e r

,
’
 WE E PI N G F OR H E R CH I L D R E I V .

re pre s e nts a re m a rk a bl e a ss oci a tion o f myths For L il i th

.

w a s fore runn e r o f th e m e di e v a l moth e rs w e e ping fo r th e i r

childre n ; he r voice o f p e r pe tu a l l a m e nt a tion a t th e c ru e l

fa te a llotte d he r by the combin e d ty ra nny o f God a n d ma n
w a s h e a rd on e v e ry s ighing w ind a n d s h e w a s th e r i c h l y

dre s s e d brid e o f th e Princ e o f D e vil s e ve r s e e king to te m p t

,

youth Such s tori e s fl o a te d through th e mind o f th e

.

M iddl e A g e s a n d thi s in fe rn a l M a don n a i s h e re s e e n i n

a ss oci a ti o n W i th th e c a t be n e a th w ho s e s o ft s p a rklin g fu r
,

the godd e s s o f Love a n d B e a uty w a s s uppo se d to b e s ti l l

lurking n e a r the fire s id e o f m a ny a mi s e ra bl e hom e .

Som e fra gra nc e o f th e mys tic a l E a s t w a s w ith thi s fe li n e

b e a uty a n d nothi n g c a n be more s triking th a n the con
,

tra s t w hich the ordin a ry d e vil s b e s id e he r pre s e nt Th e i r .

u n s e ductive u glin e s s a n d m e a nn e ss i s pl a c e d out o f s ig ht

o f th e p a ir t e mpt e d to se e k th e fruit o f forbidd e n know

le dg e The y in s pire the ma n a n d w om a n in th e ir e vid e ntly

.

e a ge r gra s ping a fte r th e fruit w hich h e r e m e a n s th e con

,

s u lta ti o n o f fa ir fortun e t e ll e rs a n d w itch e s to obta in th a t

-

occult kno w l e dg e fo r w hich s pe cul a ti ve me n a r e s e e king

in s e cre t s tudi e s a n d l a bora tori e s.

Tho s e w h o h a v e p a id a tte n tion to th e s ubj e ct o f W itc h

cra ft n e e d not be re mind e d th a t i ts compl e xity a n d va s t
n e ss w ould re quire a la rge r volum e tha n the pre s e nt to
d e a l w ith it s a ti s fa ctorily . The pre se nt s tudy mu s t be
limite d to a pre se nta tion o f s o me o f the fa cts w hich induce
the w rit e r to b e li e ve th a t b e n e a th the ph e nom e n a la y a
, ,

pro found a li e n a tion from Chri s ti a nity a n d a n e ffort to

,

re ca ll the ba ni s h e d gods w hich it h a d s up e rs e d e d .

The firs t chri s ti a n church w a s m a inly J e w i s h a n d thi s is

,

a l s o to s a y th a t it inh e rit e d the v a s t A ng e lol a try a n d the

s y s t e m o f Sp e ll s w hich th a t trib e h a d brought from B a by

lon To a ll thi s w a s n o w s upe ra dd e d the a ccumula tion o f

.

A ssy ri a n a n d E gyp ti a n lore w hich w a s te e dite d i n the

-
 D E VI L S COLLE GE
’
.
3 3
0

fo r m of N e o pla to n i c i s m Thi s
mo n gre l m a ss c o n stitute d
.
,

o f n otion s crumbl e d from m a ny s y s te m s a cqu ire d a c e rt a in ,

c o n s i s t e ncy in G n o s tici s m Th e a nci e nt E gypti a n s ha d

.

c o ll e g e s se t a p a rt fo r a s trologic a l s tudy a n d fo r c u lti ,

v a tion o f th e a r t o f h e a li n g by ch a rm s E ve ry month .
,

d e c a d e d a y o f the y e a r h a d i ts s p e ci a l gu a rdi a n in the

,

h e a ve n s . The popul a r fe s tiva ls w e re a s tronomic To the .

p ri e s t s i n the coll e g e s w e re r e se rv e d s tudy o f the sa cre d

b o ok s in w hich th e a s trologic a l s e cre ts w e re conta in e d ,

a n d w hos e a uthors hip w a s a ttribut e d to the go d Thoth i h ,

v e n to r o f w riting th e Gre e k H e rm e s a n d l a t e r E gypti a n

, , , ,

H e rm e s Tri s m e gi s tu s The zodi a c i s a m e mori a l o f th e

.

i n flu e nc e w hich the s ta rs w e re s uppo s e d to e x e rt upon the

h u m an body Al ch e my (the w ord i s E gypti a n K émz
’
’
.
,

me a ning bl a ck e a rth ) w a s a l s o s tudi e d in conn e ction

‘ ’

w i th s ol a r lun a r a n d s t e ll a r influ e nc e s
, , Th e A lch e mi s ts .

d re a m e d o f di s cov e ring th e philo s oph e r s s ton e w hich

'
,

w ould ch a ng e b a s e m e ta l s to gold ; a n d D iocl e ti a n in burn ,

i n g th e A lch e mi s ts book s b e li e ve d th a t in so doing he

’
, , ,

w ould d e priv e the E gypti a n s o f th e ir s ource o f w e a lth 1

.

Importe d into Gre e c e th e se n otion s a n d th e ir cult

,

h a d a tw o fold d e ve lopm e nt A mon g th e Pl a toni s ts th e y

.

turn e d to a n a tura li s tic a n d a ll e goric a l D e monology ;

a mo n g th e uncultiva t e d th e y form e d a D i a bol a rchy w hich ,

th r e d a round th e t e rribl e lun a r ph a nt a s m—H e c a t e

g a e .

Th e a s trologica l Coll e g e o f E gypt g a ve to the J e w s

the ir s tra nge id e a o f the high s chool m a inta in e d a mong
the d e vil s a lre a dy re fe rr e d to i n c onn e ction w i th A s mo
,

d e u s w ho w a s o n e o f i ts l e a ding pro fe ss ors

,
The ra bbi .

n ica i l e g e nd w a s th a t tw o e min e n t a ng e l s A sa a n d A s a e l
, , ,

re mons tra te d w ith the Cre a tor on h a ving form e d ma n

o n ly to give troubl e The Cre a tor s a id th e y w ould h a ve
.

do n e the sa m e a s ma n und e r s imil a r circum sta nce s ; w h e re

1
Se e M M a ury s M a gi e, p 48
’ ‘ ’
. . .
 '

39 4 SH E M H AM M PH OR AS CE-

upon A s a a n d A sa e l propo s e d th a t the e xpe rim e n t s h o u ld

b e trie d Th e y w e nt to e a rth a n d th e Cre a tor s p r e d i cti on
’
.
,

w a s fulfill e d : th e y w e re th e firs t s on s o f God w h o fe ll in

love w ith the d a ughte rs o f me n (Ge n vi Th e y w e re . .

th e n e mbodi e d In h e a ve n th e y ha d b e e n a ng e ls o f e s pe
.

c i a l kno w l e dg e in divin e a rts a n d th e y n o w u s e d the i r ,

s p e ll s to r e a s c e nd But the ir s i n re nd e re d the s pe lls

.

po w e rl e s s fo r tha t s o th e y re pa ire d to the D a rk M o un

,

ta in s a n d th e re e s ta blis he d a gre a t Co ll e ge o f S o r ce ry
,
.

A mo n g the m a ny di s tingui s h e d gra du a te s o f th i s C o l le ge

w e re Job J e thro a n d Bil e a m
, ,
It w a s be li e ve d th a t th e s e
.

thre e ins tructe d the s ooths a ye rs w ho a tt e mpte d to ri va l

the mira cl e s o f M o s e s b e fore Ph a ra oh Job a n d J e thro .

w e re s ubs e qu e ntly conv e rt e d but Bile a m continu e d his ,

hos tility to I s ra e l a n d re m a in s a te a ch e r i n the Co l le ge

,
.

Through know l e dg e o f the s upre m e s pe ll — th e S lu m

}za mmp/w r dsd t or re a l n a m e o f God —Solomon w a s a bl e to
,

cha in Pro fe s s or As mod e u s a n d w re s t from him th e s e c re t

,

o f th e w orm Sc h é mi r by w ho se a id th e Te mpl e w a s built

, .

Tra dition s o f th e l e a rning o f the E gypti a ns a n d o f the ,

m a rve ls l e a rn e d by Solomon from A sa a n d Asa e l by w hich

b e compe ll e d d e mon s to s e r ve him a n d the i mpre s s i v e ,

s tory o f the W itch o f E ndor po w e rfu lly influ e nc e d the ,

i n qui s itive mind s o f E urope The fi e rce d e n unci a tion s o f.

a ll s tudi e s o f th e s e a rt s o f s orc e ry by th e e a rly Ch urch

w ould a lon e re ve a l ho w pre va l e nt th e y w e re The .

w o n d e rful s tor y o f A pol loniu s o f Tya n a told by

1
as ,

Ph i lo s tr a tu s w a s r e a lly a kind o f go sp e l to the more

,

w orldly mind e d s chol a rs

-
Som e ra bbin s follo w ing th e out
.
,

cry a ga in s t J e s u s H e ca ste th out d e vil s by B e e lze bub c ir

, ,
’

c u la te d a t a n e a rly d a t e th e s to r y th a t J e s u s h a d d e riv e d his

pow e r to w ork mira cl e s from th e s pe ll She m

1 The his to ry ha s bee n w e ll r ela ted by a li ttle w o r k by D r Albe r t Rév ille
. :

Apo llo n i us o f Tyma , the W in d us

’
Pa ga n Chr i st Cha tto
. .
 APOLL ON I US OF T YAN A .
3 5
0

w h ich he fou n d on o n e o f the s tone s o f the Te mpl e w h e re

S o lomo n h a d l e ft it Though E u s e biu s ca s t doubt upon
.

th e m th e chri s ti a n s g e n e r a lly do not a pp e a r to h a v e d e ni e d

,

th e mira cl e s o f A polloniu s w hich pre ci s e ly copy thos e o f ,

J e s u s f rom th e mir a culou s birth to th e a s c e n s ion but e v en ,

to h a ve quot e d th e m a s a n e vid e nc e o f the po ss ibility o f

m ira cl e s Ce l s u s h a ving a ttribute d the mira cl e s o f J e s u s

.

to s orc e ry a n d s a id th a t m a gic i n flu e nc e d only th e i gn o

,

r a nt a n d immora l Orige n re pli e s tha t in ord e r to convi n c e

, ,

h i ms e l f o f the contra ry he h a s only to re a d the m e moirs

,

o f A pollo n i u s by M a r a ge n e s w ho s p e a k s o f him a s a
,

p hilo s oph e r a n d m a gici a n w h o r e p e a t e dly e x e rci s e d h i s

,

p o w e r s on philo s oph e rs A r n o b i u s a n d the fa th e rs o f the

.

fourth c e ntury g e n e ra lly be li e v e d in the A polloni a n th a u

ma tu rgy a n d a ttribute d it to m a gic A ldu s M a n utiu s .

p u bli s he d t h e book o f P h i lo s tr a tu s in the fi ft e e nth c e n

tury a n d the d e gre e to w hich the fa s cin a ting a n d m a rve l

,

lou s s tori e s conc e rning A polloniu s fire d the E urop e a n

i m a gin a tion ju s t a w a king und e r the bre a th o f the R e n a i s
s a nc e ,
ma y be e stim a te d by th e fury w ith w hich th e
ma gici a n w a s a n a th e m a ti s e d by Pico d e lla M ira ndol a ,

J e a n Bodin a n d Ba r o n i u s The book a n d the controve rs y

, .

a ttra ct e d much a tt e ntion a n d w hil e th e pri e s ts s till con

,

ti n u e d to ch a rg e A polloniu s w ith b e ing a m a gici a n th e y

’

a pp e a r to h a v e p e rce ive d th a t it w ould h a ve b e e n more to

th e point s o fa r a s th e ir re a l p e ril w a s conc e rn e d to h a ve

, ,

prove d him a n impo stor Fa ili n g th a t D r Fa u s tu s a n d .

, .

h is fe llo w pro fe ss ors in the bl a ck a r t w e re l e ft m a s t e rs o f

-
‘

the s itu a tion The p e opl e ha d to dige s t th e fa ct s a dmitte d

.
,

th a t a Pa ga n ha d l e a rn e d by initi a tion s into the a s tro ,

l o gica l s chool s o f E gypt a n d Indi a the m e a n s o f h e a l ,

ing the s ick ra i s ing the d e a d flying through the a i r

, , ,

throw ing o fl ch a in s ope ning lock s re nd e ring himse l f i n

’

, ,

vi s ibl e a n d di s c e rning the futu re

, .

V OL . 11 .
306 F A US T US .

Th e re c a ll fo r s om e kind o f A pol
w as a lo n iu s, an d

Fa u s tu s a ros e S id e by s
. id e flouri s h e d L u t h e r a n d

Fa u s tu s To R om a n Ca tholic e y e s th e y w e re tw
.
i n s o n s

o f th e D e vil ;
1
th a t th e y w e re c h a ra ct e ri s tic p r o d u c t s o f

o n e mor a l a ge a n d forc e a pp e a r s to me c e rt a i n e v e n a s
,

to d a y the n e ga tion s o f Sci e nce a n d th e re viva l

- o f S p i rit
u a li s m h a v e a com mon ro o t in ra dic a l di s b
’
e l i e f o f th e

h e re dita ry dogm a s a n d form s o f s o ca ll e d r lig e i o n I t i

- s . ,

ho w e ve r not s urpri s ing th a t Prote s ta nti s m l

,
f e t a s m u c h

horror o f i ts b a s t a rd broth e r a s Sci c e n e h a s o f t h e g h o s tly

S e a nc e s Through the e a rly s ixt e e nth c e ntu ry
.
w e c a n

tra c e thi s s tra ng e D r F a u s tu s a u s piciou s h e a

.
h d c h o s e n
,
’

th a t n a me ) going a bout Ge rm a ny not omitti g n E r f u r t h ,

,

a n d t a lki n g i n t v
a e rn s a bout h is m a gic a rt s a n d p o w e r s .

M ore s s a id o f hi m in the follo w ing ch a pt e r ;

i i t i s s u ffi c i e n t

to obs e rve h e re a n d it i s the concl u s ion o f P r o fe s s or

,

M orl e y w h o h a s s i ft e d the hi s tory w ith h is u s u a l c a r e

,
.

th a t a bout him a s a c e ntre o f crys ta lli s a tion t a l e s a s c ri b e d

, ,

in th e firs t pl a ce to o th e r co n j u re rs a rra nge d th e m s e l v e s ,

u ntil h e b e c a m e th e popul a r id e a l o f o n e w h o s o u g h t to

s ou n d th e d e p th s o f thi s w orld s kno w l e dg e a n d e n j oy

’

m e n ts w ithout he lp from the Church or i ts G o d Th e .

pri e s t s did not doubt th a t thi s could be do n e n o r d id ,

the Prot e s ta n t s ; th e y g e n e ra lly a r e e d th a t i t c o u l d b e

g
a ccompli s h e d a t co s t o f th e s oul A s a ng e l s o f th e g ood .

G o d m u s t a n s w e r to the fo r mul a s o f invoca tio n to t h o s e

w h o h a d m a d e a s a cra me n t a l c omp a ct w ith t h e i r Ch i e f
;
s o w a s it p o s s ibl e to s h a r e a s a cra m e nt o f S a t
a n a n d by ,

c e rta in invoc a ti o n s s ummon h i s in fe rn a l

a ng e l s to o bt a i n

the p l e a s ure s o f thi s w orld o f w hich h e i s Pri n c

e A thou .

’
sa n d e a r xpe ri e nce o f the Ch u rc h h a d l e ft th e poor
y s e

1
Sin i stra r i n a me s Lu the r a s o n e o f e le v e n ho m h e
pe rs o n s w en u m e ra te s a !

h a v mg
.

b e en be go tte n b
by I n c u i, E n fin , co mme l ec r i t Co d e n s
’

, c i te p a r M a ll!
’

e nd a
, ce d a mn é H e r ésia rq u e , q u i a no m M a rti n Lu the r 0
.

3 .
 BL A CK A R T S CH OOLS .
3 7
0

re a dy to s ign the compa ct i f th e y could s e cure s om e littl e

e a rthly joy A s fo r H e a ve n i f it w e re a nything lik e w h a t
.
,

i ts mini s t e rs ha d provid e d fo r the poor on e a rth H e ll might ,

be pre fe ra bl e a ft e r a ll .

D r W u ttke w hil e w riti n g hi s re c e nt w ork on G e rm a n

.
,

s up e rs tition s w a s s u rp ri s e d to l e a rn th a t th e re s till e xi s t
,

i n Fra nce a n d i n W u r te mbe r g s chool s fo r t e a ching th e

Bl a c k A r t A pri e s t in the l a s t n a m e d count r y w rote
.
-

him th a t a boy ha d con fe s s e d to h a ving p a s s e d the low e r

gra d e o f s uch a scho o l b u t s c a re d by the horrid c e re
, ,

moni e s h a d prono u nc e d s om e holy w ord s w hich d e s troy e d

,

th e e ffe ct o f the w ick e d pra ctic e s a n d s tr u c k th e a s se mbl e d

'

D e vil w ors hipp e rs w ith con s t e rn a tion

-
Th e boy s a id he .

h a d ba re ly e s c a pe d w ith h i s li fe I h a ve mys e l f pa s se d
.

a n e v e ning a t a s chool in L ondon fo r the d e ve lopm e nt o f ‘

S pirit m e dium s a n d pos s ibly D r W u ttke s corre s po n d e nt

’ ’
-
.
,

w ould d e s crib e th e se a l s o a s D e vil w ors hipp e rs N o do u bt -

.

a ll s uch circl e s might be tra c e d a rch a eologica lly to th a t

S orce r e rs Coll e ge s a id by th e ra bbin s to h a ve be e n k e pt

’

by A s a a n d A s a e l Bu t w h a t mora l forc e pre s e r ve d th e m ?

.
,

Th e y do b u t re pr e s e nt a turning o f m e thod s m a d e fa mili a r

by th e Church to co a x be n e fits fro m oth e r s up e rn a tura l
po w e rs in th e hope tha t th e y w ould be l e s s dil a tory th a n
th e Trinity in b e s t o w ing th e ir gi fts W h a t i s the di ffe r .

e nc e be t w e e n St W o l fra m s God a n d K ing R a d bo ts

’ ’
.

D e vil ? The o n e o ffe rs a gold e n m a n s ion on e a rth

w a rra nt e d to l a s t through e te rnity the oth e r a lik e ,

ma n s ion in th e s ki e s re c e iva bl e a fte r d e a th Th e Sa int .

a gre e s th a t i f R a d b o ts D e vil c a n b u ild him s uch a hou se

’

th e king w ould b e quit e r ight to w ors hip the a rchit e ct .

Th e qu e s tion o f the comp a ra tive mora l m e rits o f th e tw o

invi s ibl e Pow e rs i s not m e ntion e d Thi s l e ge nd re l a te d .

in a pre c e di n g ch a pt e r i s ch a ra cte ri s tic o f the m

,

, otive s to
w hich th e pri e s thood a pp e a l e d through the M iddl e A g e s .
30 3 COM PA C TS WI TH TH E D E VI L .

I t i s no w ond e r th a t the pe opl e be ga n to a ppe a l to th e

god s o f th e ir tra ditiona l R a d bo ts nor th a t the y s hou ld ,

h a ve u s e d the ce re moni a l a n d sa cra me nta l for mul a s a ro u n d

th e m .

But to th e se w e re a dd e d othe r formul a s borrow e d fro m

di ffe re nt s ource s The Compa c t w ith the D e vil ha d i n
.
‘ ’

i t v a rio u s e l e m e nts It a ppe a rs to h a ve b e e n a c u s to m

.

o f the O d i n is ti c r e ligion fo r me n to s ig n a ct s o f s e l f

d e dica tion to tru s te d d e iti e s s om e w h a t corre s ponding to

,

the votive t a bl e t s o f South e rn r e ligion It w a s a le ge n d .

o f Odin th a t w he n dying h e ma rk e d h i s a r m w ith th e

point o f a s pe a r a n d thi s ma y h a ve be e n imit a t e d I n

,
.

M ys te ri e s o f p a g a n a n d chri s ti a n s y st e m s bloo d
’
th e
‘

—
pl a ye d a n importa n t pa rt the hum a n blood o f e a rli e r
ti m e s b e ing s ymboli s e d by th a t o f a nim a l s a n d ultim a t e ly , ,

a mong chri s ti a n s i n w me o f t h e E u ch a ri s t The pri miti v e

, .

hi sto ry o f thi s blood cove n a nt i s give n in a noth e r cha pte r

-
.

Som e a s trologi c a l formul a s a n d m a ny o f the d e iti e s in

,

v o ke d s pre a d through E urope w ith th e J e w s

, The a ctu a l .
,

a n d quit e a s o ft e n fa bulou s w e a lth o f th a t a ntich r i sti a n

,

r a c e w a s a s cribe d to A ntichri s t a n d w hil e chri s ti a n princ e s ,

thought o f s uch gold a s l e gitim a te s poil the hone s t pe a s a nts ,

s ought from th e ir a s trolog e rs the tra n s mitte d ke y o f

Solomon in virtu e o f w hich the d e mons s e rve d him The
’
, .

fa mou s Comp a ct th e re fore w a s la rg e ly o f chri s ti a n

’

juda ic origin a n d only m e a nt conve ya nc e o f the s oul i n

,

con s id e ra tion o f pre ci s e ly the s a m e tre a s ure s a s tho se

promi s e d by the Church to a ll w hos e n a m e s w e re w ritte n
i n the L a mb s Book the only di ffe re nc e b e ing in th e
’
-

p e riod w h e n re d e mption o f the re s pe ctive i ss u e s o f prie s t

a n d a s trologe r s hould fa l l d u e On e w a s pa ya bl e d uring .

thi s li fe the oth e r a ft e r d e a th

,
.

The ce re moni a l p e r form a nce s o f W itchcra ft h a ve a l s o

a l w a ys e xis te d in s om e form W h a t w e a r e fa milia r w ith
.
 SPI R I F SE AN CE S .
3 9
0

o f la te as Spi
it s e a n c e s a r e by no m e a n s n e w M ore th a n
r -
.

a h u ndre d y e a rs a o
g M r W e s l e y a,
n d v.a riou s cl e rgym e n
w e re s itting a t a t a bl e in Cock L a n e a s king the S pirit ,

Fa nny to r a p tw ic e i f s he w e re in a s ta t e o f progre s s ive

’ ‘

h a ppin e ss N a y a hundre d y e a rs b e fore th a t

.
’

, Si r
T h o m a s Ch a mb e rl a in a n d oth e rs s itting in a h a unt e d ,

h ou s e a t Te d w orth W ilts a s k e d Sa t a n i f the D rumm e r

, , ,

s e t th e e to w ork giv e thr e e knock s a n d n o more w hich i t

, , ,

did ve ry di s ti n ctly a n d s topp e d ,

1
W e a l s o l e a rn th a t in .
’
,

a noth e r to w n and c a se a n a k e d a r m a n d h a nd
‘

a pp e a re d a n d b e a t th e floor It w ould not be di fficult to ’

.

g o furth e r b a ck a n d find th a t the d a rk circl e o f our S piri

tu a li s ts w ith much o f i ts a pp a ra tu s h a s e xi s t e d con

ti n u o u s ly through th e M iddl e A g e s The d a rk s e a nc e .

w hich G o e th e h a s re pre s e nt e d in F a u s t P a rt I I a t w hic h ,

.
,

th e s pirits o f H e l e n a n d P a ri s a r e e vok e d i s a ve ry a ccu ,

ra te picture o f the m a te ri a li s a tion s n o w e xhibite d by

‘ ’

m e diums more tha n forty ye a rs a fte r i ts publica tion

, .

Th e s e out e r re s e mbl a nce s a r e phy s iogno mica l The s e a nc e .

o f to d a y ha s los t th e d a rk e r fe a ture s o f i ts m e di e va l pro

-

to ty p e b e c a u se th e Pr e s e nt h a s not a re a l a n d t e mpora l
, ,

but only a s p e cul a tive a n d s e ntim e nta l d e s pa ir a n d thi s i s ,

th e ki n d th a t po s s e ss e s chi e fly th e w e ll to do a n d idl e - -

cla ss e s It i s n o t d ifli c u lt to m e e t the e y e o f our e ve ryd a y

.

hu m a n n a ture a mid thos e fre nzi e d pe riod s w h e n w hol e

di s tricts s e e m e d a ffl icte d w ith e pid e mic m a dn e ss a n d look ,

d e e p in th a t e y e to th e fa thoml e s s h e a rt o f hum a nity .

In a n old p a ri s h re gi s te r o f Fe w s to n York s hire a r e the , ,

follo w ing e ntri e s 1 62 1 An n e d a ught e r o f E d w a rd

.
,

Fa irfa x b a ptiz e d the 1 2 th J un e

, 1 6 2 1 E d w a rd Fa ir fa x .
’
.
,

E s q a child n a m e d A nn e buri e d th e 9 th Octobe r Th e n

’
.
, , .

in th e H i s tory o f K n a re s borough w e re a d o f thi s child ,

She w a s h e ld to h a ve di e d through w itchcra ft I n w ha t ’

.

1
Gla n v il s Sa d uc is mus
’ ’
.
3 1 0 TH E FAI R F A X D E L USI Oj V .

dre a m s did th a t child s uppos e d to h a ve b e e n s n a tch e d

,

a w a y by di a bolic m a lic e re turn a s a pure s pirit u pli ft e d i n

,
.

light y e ts h a dow e d by the a nxi e ty a n d pa in o f the b e re a ve d

,

fa mily ! A m e dium i s a t h a nd o n e through w ho s e mind ,

a n d h e a rt a ll the s tormy e l e ctric iti e s o f th e tim e a r e pl a ying .

Th e mos t di s tingui s h e d re pre s e n ta tive o f the Fa irfa x fa mily

i s o ff fighti n g fo r P a rli a m e nt a g a in s t th e K i n g E d w a rd .

Fa irfa x i s a z e a lou s Churchm a n H is e ld e s t d a ughte r . ,

H e l e n a ge d t w e nty o n e i s a p a ri s hion e r o f the R e v M r

,
-

, . .

S mith s on y e t s he ha s com e und e r th e s trong i n flu e nc e o f a

,

N oncon formi s t pre a ch e r M r Cook The s chol a rly cl e rgy , . .

ma n a n d h i s w orldly Church on o n e s id e a n d the ignora n t ,

mini s t e r w ith h i s humbl e follo w e rs on the oth e r a r e ,

u ncon s ciou s p e r s o n i fic a ti o n s o f V ic e a n d V irtu e w hil e ,

be t w e e n th e m poor H e l e n i s no H e ra kl e a .

N i n e t e e n d a ys a ft e r th e bu r i a l o f h e r littl e s i s t e r A n n e ,

a s m e ntion e d a bov e H e l e n i s found i n a d e a d ly tra nc e ‘ ’

.
,

A fte r a littl e s he b e gins to s p e a k he r w ords s ho w ing tha t ,

s h e i s by im a gin a tion in th e church a t Le e d s h e a ring a

‘
, , ,

s e rmon by M r Cook . On N ove mbe r 3 a s she li e s on

.
’
,

h e r be d H e l e n e xcl a im s
, A w hit e c a t h a th b e e n lon g
,
‘

u pon me a n d dra w n my bre a th a n d h a th l e ft in my mouth ,

a n d thro a t s o filthy a s m e ll th a t it doth poi s o n me !

’

N e xt w e h a v e th e follo w ing in the fa th e r s di a r y : I te m

’ ‘
.

Upon W e dn e s d a y th e 1 4 th o f N ove mb e r s he s a w a bl a ck
, ,

dog by he r b e d s id e a n d a fte r a litt le s l e e p s he h a d a n

, , ,

a ppa rition o f o n e lik e a young g e ntl e m a n v e ry bra ve hi s , ,

a pp a re l a ll la id w ith gold l a c e a ha t w ith a gold e n b a n d , ,

a n d a r u fl in fa s hion H e did s a lut e h e r w ith the s a m e

'

complim e n t a s sh e s a id Si r Fe rn a ndino Fa irfa x u s e th w he n

h e com e th to the hou se a n d s a lut e th h e r moth e r He .

s a id h e w a s a Princ e a n d w ould m a k e h e r Qu e e n o f E n g
,

l a nd a n d o f a ll th e w orld i f s he w ould go w ith him She .

r e fu s e d a n d s a id In the n a m e o f God w h a t a r t thou ?

‘ ’

, , ,
 THE FA I R F AX D E VI L S .
3 1 1

He pre s e ntly did forbid he r to n a m e God ; to w hich s he

re pli e d Tho u a r t n o ma n i f thou c a n s t not a bid e the
,
‘

n a m e o f God ; but i f thou b e a ma n com e n e a r le t me , ,

fe e l o f th e e ; w hich he w ould not do but s a id It i s no

’
, ,

ma tte r fo r fe e ling She proc e e d e d I f thou w e rt a ma n

.
’
,
‘
,

thou w ould s t not d e ny to be fe lt ; but thou a r t the d e vil ,

a n d a r t but a s h a do w
’
.

It is pos s ibl e th a t H e l e n Fa irfa x h a d re a d in Sha k s p e re s ’

L e a r print e d tw e lve y e a rs be for e th a t

’

, ,

Th e Pri n c e of Dar kn e ss i s a ge n tle ma n

M o do he s c a lle d , a n d M a hu 1
’
.

But the re a d e r w ill re m a rk ho w h e r vi s ion a nticip a t e s

th a t o f Fa u s t the tra n sform a tion o f the poodl e to fi n e ly
,

dre s s e d M e phi s toph e l e s On the n e x t a pp a rition a bit .

from P a tmo s i s int e rpol a t e d th e D e vil a pp e a ring a s a ,

b e a s t w ith m a ny horn s ; but th e folklore o f York s hire p r e

v a il s a n d pre s e ntly he w a s lik e a ve ry littl e dog a n d
,
‘
,

d e s ire d h e r to op e n he r mouth a n d le t him com e into he r

body a n d th e n he w ould rul e a ll the w orld La s tly h e
’
.
, ,

fill e d the room w ith fir e .

’

In the a ccount thu s fa r w e h a ve the follow ing ite m s o f

a nci e nt mythology — 1 the Ca t 2 th e D o g ; 3 th e Prid e , , ,

o f L i fe (A s mod e u s ) r e pre s e nt e d in the fin e dr e ss a n d ma n

,

n e rs o f th e fi e nd ; 4 the Pri n c e o f thi s W orl d o ffe ring i ts

, ,

thron e ; 5 the E gypti a n b e li e f in pot e ncy o f the N a m e ;

,

6 th e H u n g e r D e mon w ho d a re s not be fe lt b e c a u s e h i s
,
-

, ,

b a ck i s hollo w a n d though him s e l f a sh a do w c a s ts non e ;

, , ,

7 t
,
h e di s e mbodi e d d e vil o f the r a bbi n s w ho s e e k s to e nt e r ,

a hum a n form i n ord e r to e n joy the high e r po w e rs o f

,

w hich ma n i s c a pa bl e ; 8 th e fi e nd o f fir e ,
.

The p e riod in w hich H e l e n F a ir fa x live d s uppli e d form s

Ki n g Le a r , i i i 4 Asmo d e u s a n d M o ha mme d a r e , n o d o u b t, c o r ru pte d i n

1 . .

thes e n a me s, w h i c h a r e gi v e n as tho se o f d ev ils in H a rs e n e ts D e c la ra ti o n o f

’

P a pish I p os t m
u re s .
31 2 G I E BE AN D I N GE S .

fo r the ‘
m a te ri a li sa tion o f the se notion s flitting from
’

th e a nci e nt c e m e t e ri e s o f th e ology The ga y a n d ga ll a nt

.

A s mod e u s h a d b e e n tra n s form e d into a go a t und e r th e

a s c e tic e y e o f E urop e ; h i s mi s tre s s i s a n a k e d w itch ; he r

fa mili a r a n d s l a ve i s a c a t Thi s i s th e conv e ntion a li s e d

.

the ologic the o r y a s w e find it in m a ny e x a mpl e s o n e

, ,

o f w hich i s h e re s ho w n ( Fig a s copi e d from a s ton e

.

pa n e l a t the e ntra nce o f Lyon s Ca th e dra l Thi s i s w ha t .

H e l e n s vi s ion s e n d in She a n d h e r young e r s i s te r o f

'
.

Fig . a r. —A W r r c u ( Lyo n s Ca the dr a l) .

se ve n ye a rs a n d a young n e ighbour a girl o f t w e lve w ho

, , ,

h a ve b e com e in fe cte d w ith H e l e n s hy s te rics id e nti fy s ix

’

poor w om e n a s w itch e s a n d E d w a rd Fa irfa x w ould h a ve

,

s e cure d th e ir e x e cution h a d it not b e e n fo r th e cl e rgym a n

Smith s on .

Ca t s pl a y e d a l a rg e p a rt in thi s a s in oth e r w itch tri a ls -

.

Th e y ha d long be e n re ga rd e d a s a n in s ura nce o f humble

hou s e hold s I n m a ny re gion s s till ma y be found be li e fs
.

tha t a thre e coloure d c a t prote cts a ga in s t fir e ; a bl a ck c a t

-

cure s e pil e ps y prote cts ga rd e ns ; a n d in Bohe mia a ca t

,
 CON F E SSI ON S OE WI TCH E S 3 1
3

is th e fa vourit e
brid a l gi ft to procure a h a ppy w e dd e d
l i fe On e w ho kill s a c a t ha s no luck fo r s e ve n y e a rs
. .

T h e York s hire w om e n c a ll e d w itch e s re m e mbe re d th e s e

p r ov e rb s to th e ir co s t A mong t h e c a t s r e g a rd e d by the
.

F a i r fa x e s a s fa mi li a rs o f the a ccu s e d s om e n a m e s a r e not ,

a b le On e i s ca ll e d G i bbe Thi s i s th e Ic e l a ndic g a bba

’
.
.
,

to d e lud e a n d our gibbe r ; it is the Gib c a to f R e inick e

,
’ ’

F u ch s a n d o f th e R om a unt o f th e R o s e In Ga mm e r ’
.
,

G u r to n w e r e a d H a th no ma n g e ld e d Gy b h e r c a t
’
, ,

a n d i n H e nry I V i 2 I a m a s m e l a ncholy a s a gib c a t

. .
, .
’

A n oth e r o f th e c a t s i s ca ll e d I n ger Th a t i s {gm} fir e .

, ,

A ni m a int a ining hi s r e ign o f t e rror

g .

H e l e n s d e vil h a t e s the di ss e nt e r a n d s a y s Cook i s a

’

, ,

lying vill a in b e ca u s e Cook e xorci s e s him w ith a p sa lm

,
’
.

O n the oth e r h a nd th e d e vil pra i s e s the cl e rgy m a n but

, ,

H e l e n bre a k s out w i th H e i s n o t w orthy to be a vic a r

w h o w ill b e a r w ith w itch e s A mid the re ligiou s con
’
.

tr o v e r s i e s th e n e xciting a ll hou s e hold s mourning fo r h i s ,

d e a d child humili a t e d by the s u s picion s o f h i s b e s t

,

n e ighbours th a t h i s d a ught e r w a s guilty o f d e c e ption ,

E d w a rd Fa irfa x G e ntl e m a n a s chol a r a n d a uthor l e nt

, , ,

a n e a r to th e vulga r s up e rs titio n s o f h i s n e ighbourhood .

C ould he h a v e s tood on th e s hould e rs o f Grimm h e w ould ,

h a v e le ft u s a v e ry di ffe re nt n a rra tive th a n th a t pre s e rve d

b y th e Phi lo b ibli o n S oci e ty 1
.

It i s h a rdly po ss ibl e to d e te rmin e n o w the va lu e o f the

a ll e g e d con fe s s ion s o f w itch e s Th e y w e re e xtort e d by .

torture or by promi s e s o f cl e m e ncy (the l a tte r ra r e ly fu l

fi ll e d ) ; th e y w e re s h a p e d by cros s e x a min e rs ra th e r th a n -

b y th e ir v icti m s ; a n d th e ir w orth i s s till more imp a ire d

w h e re a s is u s u a l
, th e y a r e n o t give n in d e ta il but
, ,

1
A D i sc o u rse o f W i tch cra ft As i t w a s . a c te d in the F a mily of Mr .

F
E d w a r d a i r fa x , o f F u ysto n e , in the co u n ty o f Yo r k , i n the yea r 1 62 1 . Sibi
ea r a t i n d i u m, m r
’

a lt pa rar
q
-

a
-
.
 WI TCH CRA F T I N N E W E N GL AN D .

re cord e d in s ub s ta nc e the phra s e ology in s uch ca s e r e fl e c t

,
’

ing th e pri e s t s pre conc e ive d th e ory o f w itch e s a n d the ir

'

orgi e s It i s to be fe a re d fo r in s ta nce th a t d e vil i s o fte n

.
, ,
‘ ’

w ritt e n in s t e a d o f s om e n a m e th a t might n o w b e int e re s t

ing N e ve rth e l e s s th e re s e e m s to be ground fo r be li e vi n g

.
,

th a t i n m a ny c a se s th e re w e re s e a nc e s h e ld to invoke
s up e rn a tura l po w e rs .

A mong the va s t numbe r o f tri a l s a n d con fe s s ion s I ,

h a ve found non e more s ignifica nt th a n the follo w ing .

I n Fe bru a ry 1 69 1 a d a ught e r a n d ni e ce o f M r Pa rris .

,

mini s t e r in Sa l e m ( M a s s a chu s e tts ) girl s o f te n or e l e ve n ,

y e a rs a n d s e ve ra l oth e r girl s compl a in e d o f va riou s

, ,

bodily torm e nts a n d a s th e phys ici a n s could find n o

,

c a u se fo r th e m th e y w e re prono u nce d b e w itch e d The

, .

R e v M r Pa rri s h a d once b e e n in bu s in e s s a t th e Ba r
. .

ba d o e s a n d prob a bly brought th e nce h i s tw o s l a ve s

, ,

Sp a ni s h Indi a n s ma n a n d w i fe ,
W h e n th e childre n w e re .

d e cl a re d b e w itch e d the Indi a n w om a n Titub a tri e d a n

, , ,

e xp e rim e nt proba bly w it h fe tis h e s fa mili a r in th e Ba r

,

b a d o e s to find out the w itch

, W h e re u p on the childre n .

cri e d out a ga in s t the Indi a n w om a n a s a p pe a ring to th e m

a n d torm e nti n g th e m Tituba s a id h e r mi s tre ss in h e r
. ,

o w n country ha d t a ught h e r h o w to find out a w itch but

, ,

d e ni e d b e ing o n e h e rs e l f ; but a ft e rw a rd s ( urge d a s s he ,

s ub s e qu e ntly d e cl a re d by h e r m a s t e r) s h e con fe ss e d
, and

the m a rk s o f Sp a ni s h cru e l ty on h e r body w e re a s s u m e d

to b e the D e vil s w ound s The R e v M r P a rri s i n a

’
. . .

c a lm e r tim e might h a ve vindic a t e d poor Titub a by t a king

fo r t e xt o f his s e rmon o n th e s ubj e ct Chri s t s s a yin g a bout
’

a hou se divid e d a ga in s t it s e l f a n d re minding th e colo n y , ,

w hich h e ld public fa s t a g a in s t Sa t a n th a t the d e vil w a s ,

too cl e ve r to cove r h is Sa l e m a ge nt w ith w ound s ; but

in s t e a d o f tha t h e pre a ch e d on th e w ord s H a ve I not ,

chos e n you t w e lve a n d o n e o f you is a d e vil D uri n g

,
.
’
 A WI TCH TR I AL .
31 5

thi s rmon a w om a n l e ft th e church ; she w a s s i s t e r o f a

se

w om a n w h o h a d a l s o b e e n a ccu s e d by th e childre n a n d , ,

be ing o ffe nd e d by s om e thing M r P a rri s s a id w e nt out o f .

,

m e e ting ; o f cours e a l s o to pri s on Th e re w e re thre e oth e r

, .

w om e n involve d w ith T ituba in w ho s e fe ti s h e xp e rim e nts ,

a w e ll in for me d w rit e r think s the Sa l e m d e lu s ion b e ga n

- 1
.

The e x a min a tion b e fore th e D e puty Gov e rnor ( D a n forth) -

b e ga n a t Sa l e m A pril 1 1 1 69 2 a n d th e re a r e s e ve ra l
, , ,

nota bl e points in it Tituba s hu s b a nd the Indi a n John .

’

, ,

cunni n gly e s ca p e d by pre te nding to be o n e o f the a fflicte d .

H e ch a rg e d Goody Proctor a n d s a id She brought the , ,

‘

book to me N o o n e a s k e d w h a t book ! A biga il W illi a m s

.
’

a l s o o n e o f th e a cc u s e rs o f Goody w a s a s k e d D oe s s he , ,

bring th e book to you ? A Y e s Q W ha t w ould s he . . .

h a v e you do w ith it ? A To w rit e in it a n d I s h a ll be .

,

w e ll N o t a d e s criptiv e w ord i s d e m a nd e d or give n con

’
.

c e rn ing thi s book The e x a min e rs a r e e vid e ntly w e ll .

a cqu a int e d w ith it In th e a ll e ge d con fe s s ion s pre s e rve d

.

i n o ffi ci a l re port s but not in th e w ord s o f the a ccu se d the

, ,

n a ture o f th e book i s m a d e cl e a r Th u s M a r y O s good .

‘
con fe ss e s th a t a bout e l e ve n y e a rs a go w h e n s h e w a s in a ,

me l a ncholy s ta t e a n d condition s he u s e d to w a lk a bro a d ,

in h e r orch a rd a n d u pon a c e rt a in tim e s he s a w the

, ,

a pp e a ra nc e o f a c a t a t th e e n d o f th e hou s e w hich t
y e ,

s h e tho u ght w a s a r e a l c a t H ow e ve r a t th a t tim e it .

,

dive rt e d he r from pra ying to Go d a n d in s te a d th e re o f ,

s h e pra y e d to th e D e vil ; a bout w hich tim e s h e m a d e a

cove n a n t w ith the D e vil w ho a s a bl a ck ma n c a m e to , , ,

h e r a n d pre s e nt e d h e r a book upon w hich s h e l a id h e r

, ,

finge r a n d th a t l e ft a r e d s pot A n d th a t u pon he r s ign

, .

i n g th a t book th e d e vil told h e r th a t h e w a s h e r god

’
, .

1 W . F . Po o le , Li b r a r i a n m i n d e bte d fo r a c o w
of Ch i ca go , to w ho m I a

o f Go v e r n o r Tho ma s H u t c h i n so n s a c c o u n t o f The W i t
’
c hc ra ft D e lu s i o n o f
‘

w i th his v a lu a ble n o tes o n the sa me .

3 1 6 SAL E M D E M ON OL O G Y .

Thi s i s unlik e ly to b e a p a ra phra s e o f s o me s e rmo n

n ot

on th e in fe rn a l Book o f Sa ta n corre s pondi n g to the

Book o f L i fe the th e ory b e ing too conve ntion a l fo r the '

court to inqu i re a bout the mys te riou s volu m e E qu a lly .

w e ll kno w n w a s th e A ntichri s t th e o r y w hich h a d long

re pre s e nt e d tha t a va t a r o f Sa ta n a s h a vin g orga n i s e d a

ch u rch Thu s w e re a d
. A big a il W illi a m s d i d y o u ,

s e e a comp a ny a t M r P a rri s s hou s e e a t a n d d ri nk ? A

’
. .

Y e s s i r ; th a t w a s th e ir s a cra m e nt
, Q W h a t w a s it ? . .

A Th e y s a id it w a s our blood M a r y W a lcot h a ve you

’
. .
,

s e e n a w hit e ma n ? A Y e s s i r a gre a t m a ny ti me s
.
, Q,
. .

W h a t s ort o f ma n w a s he ? A A fi n e gra ve ma n a n d .
,

w h e n h e c a m e h e m a d e a ll the w itch e s to tr e mbl e W he n .

’

it is re m e mb e re d th a t M a ry O s good ha d d e s c r ib e d the
D e vil a s a bl a ck ma n (a ll w e re t h inking o f th e Ind i a n s ) ,

thi s A n ti bla c k ma n s ugge s ts Chri s t re s i s ting A ntichri s t .

A ga in a l though nothing s e e m s to h a ve be e n s a id in th e
,

court pre viou s ly a bout ba pti s m o n e o f th e e x a mi n e rs ,

a s ks Goody L a c c y h o w m a ny y e a rs a go s inc e th e y w e re
ba pt i z e d ? A Thre e or four ye a rs a go I s u ppo s e Q
.
. .

W h o b a ptiz e d th e m ? A The old s e rpe nt Q H o w did

. . .

h e do it ? A H e dipp e d th e ir h e a ds in th e w a t e r s a ying
.
,

th e y w e re h i s a n d th a t h e ha d pow e r ove r th e m ;
, th e re
w e re s i x ( w h o b a ptiz e d
) Q N a m e th e m A I thi n k th e y
. . . .

w e r e o f the high e r po w e rs
’

p e ri me n t o f the pa ni s h Indi a n s The te rribl e ma s

tw o S .

s a cre o f w itch e s w hich occurre d th e re

w a s th e r e s u lt o f
th e d e ci s ion o f E n gli s h jud e s a n d divin e s
g th a t w itch
 TE S TI N G WI TCH E S 31 7

r ft is re cognise d i n the Bibl e a n d the re a ss ign e d the

c a ,

d e a th p e n a lty
-
.

It w ill be obs e rve d h e re th a t a nci e n t mythology to

S a l e m i s chi e fly th a t o f th e Bi bl e modifi e d by loca l con ,

d i tio n s. W hit e ma n a n d bl a ck ma n re pre s e nt Chri s t a n d

A ntichri s t a n d w e h a ve th e s a m e s ymbol s on both s id e s
, ,

e u ch a ri s t s b a pti s m s a n d n a m e s w ritt e n
, ,in book s The .

s u rviva l s from E urop e a n folklore me t w ith in the N e w

—
E ngl a nd tri a l s a r e th e c a t th e hors e ( ra re ly) a n d th e dog
, , .

I n o n e c a s e a dog s u ffe re d from the r e put e o f be ing a

w itch in s omuch tha t s om e w ho me t him fe ll into fits ; h e
,

w a s put to d e a th R iding through the a i r co n tinu e s but

.
,

th e A m e rica n w itch e s rid e upon a s tick or pol e Th e old .

fa s hion e d broom th e cloud s ymbol o f the W ild H unts m a n

,
-

i s ra re ly m e ntion e d On e thing ho w e ve r s urviv e s from

.
, ,

E ngl a nd a t l e a s t
, the s a m e s h a rp controve rs y th a t i s
r e fl e ct e d in th e Fa ir fa x c a s e Cotton M a th e r tri e d o n e o f
.

th e po s se s s e d w ith the Bibl e the A s se mbly s Ca t e chi s m

’ ’

, ,

h i s gra nd fa th e r s M ilk fo r B a be s hi s fa th e r s R e m a rk a bl e
’ ’ ’
,

Provid e nc e a n d a book to prove th e re w e re w itch e s An d

’ ‘
.
,

w h e n a n y o f tho s e w e re o ffe re d fo r h e r to r e a d i n she ,

w ould be s truck d e a d a n d fa ll into convul s ion s But ’

.

w h e n he tri e d h e r w ith Popi s h a n d Qu a k e r book s th e ,

E n gli s h Pra y e r Book a n d a book to prove th e re w e re no

-

w itch e s the d e vil p e rmitte d h e r to re a d th e s e a s long a s

,

s h e pl e a s e d On e i s a t a lo s s w hich mos t to a dmire th e

.
,

a s tut e n e ss o f the a ccu s e d w itch in b e a ring t e s timony to

th e Purit a n r e ligion or the ph e nom e non o f i ts e min e n t

,

r e pre s e nta tive s e e king a w itn e s s to it in th e Fa th e r o f li e s .

I f n o w w e tra ve l tow a rd s th e E a s t w e find th e s urviva ls

ro w i n g cl e a re r a s in th e W e s t th e y b e com e fa int
g , .

I n 1 669 the pe opl e o f the vill a ge s o f M ohra a n d E lfd a le

i n Sw e d e n be li e ving th a t th e y w e re troubl e d by w itch e s
, ,

w e re vi s it e d by a ro y a l commi ss io n the re s ult o f w ho se ,

3 1 8 WI TCH E S I N S WE D E JV .

inve s tig a tion s w a s the e x e cution o f t ty thre e a dults wen -

a n d fi ft e e n childre n ; running o f the ga untl e t by t h irty s i x -

be tw e e n the a ge s o f nin e a n d s ixt e e n ye a rs ; th e l a s hi n g

on the h a nd o f tw e nty childre n fo r thre e Sund a ys a t the
church door a n d s imili a r la s hing o f the a fore s a id thirty
-
,

s i x onc e a w e e k fo r a y e a r Portions o f the co n fe ss io n s

.

o f th e w itch e s a r e giv e n b e lo w from the Public R e gi s te r

a s tra n s l a t e d by A ntho n y H orn e ck D D a n d print e d i n , ,

L ondon a nno 1 700 ,

I a d d a fe w w ord s i n bra ck e ts to
.

point out s urviva l s .

W e o f the province o f E lfd a le do con fe ss th a t w e u s e d

to go to a gra ve l pit w hich la y h a rd by a cro s s w a y
- -

( H e c a t e ) a n d,th e r e w e put on a v e s t ( W ol f girdl e ) ov e r -

our h e a d s a n d the n d a nce d round a n d a fte r this r a n to

, ,

th e cro s s w a y a n d c a ll e d the D e vil thric e firs t w it h a s till

-
, ,

voic e the se cond tim e som e w h a t loud e r a n d th e third

, ,

,
—
tim e v e ry loud w ith th e s e w ord s A n tecess o r co me a n d ,

ca r ry us t o Blocku la W h e re upon imm e di a t e ly he u s e d to

.

a pp e a r b u t in di ffe r e nt h a bits ; but fo r th e mo s t p a rt w e

,

s a w him in a gre y co a t a n d r e d a n d blu e s tockings : h e

h a d a r e d b e a rd ( B a rb a ro s s a ) a high cro w n e d ha t (T urn ,
-

c a p ) w it h lin e n o f div e rs colour s w ra pt a bout

, it a n d ,

long g a rt e rs upon h i s s tockings .

‘
Th e n he a s k e d u s w h e t he r w e w ould s e rve hi m w ith
s oul a n d body I f w e w e re cont e nt to do s o he s e t u s
.
,

upon a be a s t w hich he h a d th e re re a dy a n d c a rri e d u s ,

ove r church e s a n d high w a ll s ; a n d a fte r a ll w e ca me to

a gre e n m e a do w w h e re Blo c ku la li e s W e mu s t proc u re .

s om e s cra pings o f a lta r s a n d filings o f church clocks ;

,

a n d th e n h e give s u s a horn w ith a s a lve i n it w h e re ,

w ith w e do a noint ours e lve s (c hri s m) ; a n d a s a ddle

w ith a h a mm e r a n d a w oo d e n n a il th e reby to ,

fix the sa ddl e w h e re upon w e c a ll upon the

D e vil a n d a w a y w e go
’
.
 WI TCH SA BB A TE .
3 9
r

For th e ir journ e y th e y sa id th e y m a d e u se o f a ll s orts

,

o f in s tru m e nts ,
o f be a s ts o f me n , o f S pit s a n d po s t s
, , ,

a ccordi n g a s th e y h a d opport u nity : if th e y do rid e upon

g o a t s
( A z a z e l ) a n d h a v e m a ny childre n w ith th e m th at ,

a ll ma y h a ve room th e y s tick a S pit into th e b a ck s id e o f

,

th e Go a t a n d th e n a r e a noint e d w ith the a for e sa id oint

,

m e nt W h a t the ma nn e r o f th e ir journ e y i s God o n ly

. ,

k now s Thu s much w a s m a d e out tha t i f the childre n did

.
,

a t a n y tim e n a m e the n a m e s ( E gypti a n s p e ll s ) o f tho s e

t h a t ha d c a rri e d th e m a w a y th e y w e re a ga in ca rri e d by
,

forc e e ith e r to Blo c ku la or to the cro s s w a y a n d th e r e

,
-

mi s e ra bly b e a t e n in s omuch tha t s om e o f th e m di e d o f it

, .
’

A littl e girl o f E lfd a le con fe s s e d th a t n a ming th e n a m e ,

o f J E SU S a s s h e w a s c a rri e d a w a y s he fe ll s udd e nly upon

,

th e ground a n d got a gre a t hol e in h e r s id e w hich the

, ,

D e vil pre se ntly h e a l e d up a ga in a n d a w a y h e c a rri e d h e r ;

,

a n d to thi s d a y th e girl co n fe s s e d s he h a d e xc e e di n g gre a t

a in in h e r s id e
’

p .

Th e y un a nimou s ly con fe s s e d th a t Blo c ku la i s s itu a t e d

i n a d e l i c a te l a rg e m e a do w w h e re o f y o u c a n s e e no e n d
, .

Th e pla c e or hou s e th e y me t a t h a d b e fore it a g a te

a i n t e d w ith dive rs colours ; t h ough thi s g a t e th e y w e nt
p r

into a littl e m e a dow di s tinct fro m the oth e r w h e re the ,

b e a s ts w e nt th a t th e y u s e d to rid e on but th e me n w h o m
th e y m a d e u s e o f in th e ir journ e y s tood in the h o u s e by
th e g a t e in a s lumb e ring pos ture s l e e pi n g a g a in s t th e ,

w a ll (c a s tl e o f W a ld e m a r) In a hu ge l a rg e room o f thi s
.

h ou s e th e y s a id th e re s tood a ve ry long t a bl e a t w hich

, , ,

the w itch e s did s i t do w n a n d th a t h a rd by thi s room w a s

a noth e r ch a mbe r w h e re th e re w e re ve ry lov e ly a n d d e lic a t e

b e d s The firs t thi n g th e y mu s t do a t Blo c ku la w a s th a t

.
,

th e y mu s t d e ny a ll a n d d e vote th e m s e lve s body a n d s oul

,

to the D e vil a n d promi s e to s e rve him fa ith fully a n d

, ,

c on firm a ll thi s w ith a n o a th initi a tion H r upon th y

( ) e e e.
3z o M YTH OL O GI CAL E L E M E N TS .

cut th e ir finge rs ( Odini s m ) a n d w i th the ir bloo d w r ite

,

th e ir n a m e in h is book ( R e ve l a tions) Th e y a dd e d tha t he

.

c a u s e d th e m to be b a ptiz e d too by s u ch pri e s t s a s h e h a d

, ,

th e re (A ntichri s t s ’

‘
A n d h e th e D e vil bid s th e m b e li e v e th a t the d a y o f
, ,

j udgm e nt w ill com e s pe e dily a n d the re fore s e ts t h e m on

,

w ork to build a gre a t hou s e o f s ton e ( Ba be l ) p r o m i s i n ,

g

th a t in th a t hou s e he w ill pre se rve th e m from God s fu ry ’

,

a n d c a u s e th e m to e n joy the gr e a te s t d e lights a n d p le a

s ur e s ( M o s l e m ). But w hil e th e y w ork e xc e e ding h a r d a t

i t th e re fa ll s a gr e a t p a rt o f the w a ll do w n a ga in
’
.
,

Th e y s a id th e y h a d se e n s om etim e s a ve ry gre a t D e vil

,

lik e a D ra gon w ith fir e round a bout him a n d bo u n d w i th

, ,

a n iro n ch a in (A poca lyptic) a n d the D e vil th a t con v e r s e s

,

w ith th e m t e ll s th e m th a t i f th e y con fe s s a nything h e w i ll

le t th a t gre a t D e vil loos e upon th e m w h e re by a ll S w e e d e

,

la nd s h a ll com e into gre a t d a ng e r .

‘
Th e y a dd e d th a t the D e vi l ha d a ch u rch the r e s u c h ,

a noth e r a s in the to w n o f M ohra W h e n the Co mmi s

.

s i o n e r s w e re coming h e to ld th e W itch e s th e y s hould n o t

fe a r th e m ; fo r he w ould c e rta inly kill the m a ll A n d th e y .

con fe s s e d th a t s om e o f the m ha d a tte mpte d to mu r th e r

the Commi s s ion e rs but ha d not b e e n a bl e to e ffe ct it
, .

‘
Som e o f th e childr e n t a lk e d much o f a w hit e A ng e l
( Frigg a a s chri s ti a n tut e l a r y) w hich u s e d to forbid th e m
,

w h a t the D e vil h a d bid th e m do a n d told th e m th a t tho s e

,

doings s hould not l a s t long W h a t ha d b e e n done h a d

.

b e e n p e rmitt e d b e ca u s e o f the w ick e dn e s s o f the pe opl e .

Tho s e o f E lfd a le con fe s s e d th a t the D e vil u s e d to pl a y

upon a n h a r p be fore th e m (Ta nnha u se r) a n d a fte rwa r d s ,

to go w ith th e m tha t he like d be s t into a c ha mbe r w h e n ,

he committe d ve n e rou s a cts w ith th e m (A s mod e u s ) ; a n d

thi s ind e e d a ll con fe s s e d th a t he ha d ca rn a l kno w l e d ge
.

o f th e m a n d th a t th e D e vil h a d s o n s a n d d a u gh t
, e rs
 TH E WI TCH E S L OR D ’
.
32 :

by th e m w hich h e did m a rry toge th e r a n d the y

, ,

b rought forth toa ds a n d s e rpe nt s ( E chidn a ) .

A ft e r thi s th e y s a t dow n to ta bl e a n d tho s e th a t the ,

D e vil e s t e e m e d mo s t w e re pl a c e d n e a re s t to h i m but the

c hildr e n mu s t s ta nd a t th e door w h e re h e him s e l f giv e s ,

t h e m m e a t a n d dri nk ( Sa cra m e nt) A ft e r m e a l s th e y .

w e nt to d a ncing a n d in the m e a n w hil e s w ore a n d curs e d

,

m o s t dre a d fully a n d a ft e rw a rd s w e nt to fighting o n e w ith

,

a nothe r ( Va lh a ll a ) .

Th e y a ls o con fe s s e d th a t th e D e vil give s th e m a be a s t

a bout the bign e s s a n d s h a p e o f a young c a t ( H e ca t e
) ,

w hich th e y ca ll a c a rri e r ; a n d th a t h e give s th e m a bird

a s big a s a ra ve n ( Odin s m e s s e ng e r) but w hit e a n d th e s e

1
’

tw o cre a ture s th e y c a n s e nd a ny w h e r e a n d w h e r e ve r th e y ,

c om e th e y t a k e a w a y a ll s o rt s o f victu a l s th e y c a n ge t ,

b utt e r ch e e s e milk b a co n a n d a ll s orts o f s e e d s w h a t

, , , , ,

e ve r th e y find a n d c a rr y it to th e w itch
,
W h a t the bird .

bri ngs th e y ma y k e e p fo r th e m se lve s but w h a t th e ca rri e r ,

bri n gs th e y mu s t re se r ve fo r the D e vil a n d th a t i s brought ,

to Blo c ku la w h e re h e doth give th e m o f it s o m u ch a s h e

,

thi n k s fit Th e y a dd e d lik e w i s e th a t th e se c a rri e rs fill

.

th e m s e lve s s o fu ll s om e tim e s th a t th e y a r e force d to Spu e ,

(
‘
Odin s booty )
’
by th e w a y w hich
’
s puing i s f ound in ,

s e ve ra l g a rd e n s w h e r e c o lw o r ts grow a n d not fa r from th e

, ,

h ou se s o f th e s e w itch e s It is o f a ye llo w colour like .

g old a n d ,i s c a ll e d butt e r o f w itch e s .

Th e L ord s Co mmi s s ion e rs w e re in d e e d v e r y e a rn e s t

‘
,

a n d took gre a t p a in s to p e rs u a d e th e m to s ho w s om e o f

th e ir trick s but to no purpos e ; fo r th e y did a ll un a ni

,

mo u sly con fe ss th a t s ince th e y ha d con fe s se d a ll th e y ,

found th a t a ll th e ir w itchcra ft w a s gon e a n d th a t th e ,

1 The d e lica c y w i th w hic h the se an i ma ls a r e a llu d e d to ra the r tha n d i r ec tly

na med i n d ica te s tha t the y ha d n o t lo st the i r fo r mi da le cha r a c te r i n E lfd a le
b
so fa r as to be sp o ke n o f ra shly.

VOL I I . .
 S CO TCH WI TCH E S
.

D e vil thi s ti me a ppe a re d to the m ve ry t e rribl e w ith

at ,

cl a w s on h is h a nd s a n d fe e t a n d w ith horn s o n his ,

h e a d a long t a i l be hind a n d s ho w e d to th e m a p i t b u m
, ,

ing w ith a h a n d put out ; but the D e vil did thru s t the
,

p e rs on dow n a ga in w ith a n iron fork ; a n d s ugg e s te d to

the w itch e s th a t i f t h e y contin u e d in th e ir con fe s s i o n he ,

w ould d e a l w ith th e m in the s a m e m a nn e r

’
.

The mi n i s t e rs o f bot h E lfd a le a n d M o h ra w e re th e chi e f

incite rs o f thi s inve s ti ga tion a n d both t e s ti fie d th a t the y
,

h a d s u ffe re d m a ny to r t u re s i n the night fro m th e w itch e s .

O n e w a s ta k e n by the thro a t a n d s o viol e n tly u s e d tha t

‘
fo r s om e w e e k s h e w a s not a bl e to s p e a k or p e rform
divin e s e rvice .
’

W e h a ve in thi s n a rra tive the o ffi ci a l a n d cl e rica l s ta t e

m e nt a n d c a n n e ve r kno w to w h a t th e vic tim s re a lly
,

con fe ss e d Blo c k u la s e e m s to be a Sw e di s h e ditio n o f

.

Blocks b e rg o f old con s id e re d a gre a t re s ort o f w itch e s

,
.

But w e ma y e s p e ci a lly not e the e pith e t by w hich the

w itch e s a r e s a id to h a v e firs t a pp e a l e d to the D e vil — A n te
ce s s o r . D r H orn e ck h a s n o t give n u s the Sw e di s h t e r m o f
.

w hic h t h i s i s a tr a n s l a tion but w e ma y fe e l a s s u r e d th a t

,

it w a s not a phra s e coin e d by the cl a s s a mong w hom

re pute d w itch e s w e re found I n a ll proba bility it w a s a
.

l e a rn e d phra s e o f the ti me fo r s om e s uppo s e d pow e r w hic h

pre c e d e d a n d w a s conqu e re d by Chri s ti a nity ; a n d i f w e
kn e w i ts s ignific a nce it might s upply a clu e to th e re a lity
w ith w hich th e Com mi s s ion e rs w e re d e a ling T h e r e w ould .

s e e m to b e s trong prob a bil i ti e s th a t in Sw e d e n a l s o as ,

e l s e w h e re the re ha d b e e n a re viva l o f fa ith in th e old

,

re lig ion w hos e ba rba ric rit e s ha d s till s u r vive d in a fe w

hol e s a n d corn e rs w h e re th e y w e re pra cti se d by night .

Th e A nte c e ss or w a s s till pre s e nt to hold out pro mi s e s

w h e re th e Succ e s s or ha d brok e n a ll th a t h i s s pon s ors h a d

m a d e w h e n the popul a c e a cc e pte d h is ba p ti s m T hi s .

 TH E CA U LD R ON .
3 3
2

p rob a bility i s furth e r s ugg e s t e d by th e fa ct th a t s om e o f

th e s e u nca nny e ve nts h a pp e n e d a t E lfd a le a n a m e w hich ,

h int s a t a re gio n o f e s p e ci a l s a nctity u n d e r th e old r e l i gion ,

a n d a l s o by th e s t a t e m e nt th a t th e D e vil h a d a church

th e re a s ort o f tra ve s ty o f the v ill a ge church A bout the

, .

s a m e tim e w e find John F i e n e con fe s s i n g in Scotl a nd th a t

the D e vil a pp e a re d to him in w hit e ra im e nt a n d it i s

‘ ’

a l s o t e s tifi e d th a t John h e a rd th e D e vil pre a ch in a kirk

i n th e pulpit in the night by c a ndl e light the ca ndl e burn ,

i ng blu e 1
.
’

Th e n a m e s u s e d by th e Scotch w itch e s a r e o ft e n su gge s

tive o f p a ga n s urviva l s Thu s in the tri a l a t the Pa i s l e y
.

A s s ize s 1 678 conc e rning th e a ll e g e d b e w itching o f S i r

, ,

G e org e M a x w e ll M a g a re t J a ck s on t e s tifi e d to giving up

,

h e r s oul by re n ounci n g h e r b a pti s m to a d e vil n a m e d L oc a s

( L oki a noth e r r a i s e d a t e mp e s t to imp e d e the king s

’

voy a g e to D e nm a rk by ca s ti n g into the s e a a c a t a n d ,

crying H ol a ( H e l a a n d A gn e s Sa mp s on c a ll e d the

D e vil to h e r in th e s h a p e o f a dog by s a y ing E lva ( E lf ,

com e a n d s pe a k to me ! ’

It i s n e c e s s a ry to p a s s by m a ny o f th e indic a tion s con

ta i n e d in the w itch tri a l s th a t th e re h a d b e e n a n e ffort to
-

re cur to the pl e a s ure s a n d po w e rs tra dition a lly a s soci a te d

w ith the p a g a n e r a o f E urop e a n d confir me d by the ve ry ,

d e nunci a tions o f conte mpora ry p a ga ni s m w ith i ts pom p

a n d luxury by th e pri e s thood Th e promi s e s h e ld out by
.

D e vil to E lfd a le p e a sa nts a n d purit a ni s e d H e l e n

’
th e
‘

Fa irfa x a r e unmi s t a k a bl e But it i s n e c e s s a ry to re ma rk

.

a l s o th a t th e c e re moni e s by w hich a s w a s cl e a r ly prove d ,

i n v a r ious ca s e s the fortun e t e ll e rs or w itch e s e nd e a

,
-
‘ ’

v o u r e d to imit a t e th e s p e ll s o f D r Fa u s tu s w e re a r c ha eo lo
.

gi c a l
.

A round th e ca uldro n , w hich w as u s e d in imita tion of

Gla n v il, Sa du c is mu s Tr i u mpha tu s, p

1 ’
. 1 70 .
3 4
2 R UE AN D VE R VAI N

the Alch e mi s ts, rud e Zodi a c w a s m a rk e d s om e a lche mic

a ,

s ign s b e ing a dd e d ; a n d in the c a uldron w e r e p la c e d ingre

d i e n ts conc e rning m a ny o f w hich th e a ccount s a r e c o n

fu s e d
. It i s how e ve r ce rta i n tha t the chi e f ingre di e n ts
, ,

w e re pl a nt s w hich pre ci s e ly a s in a nci e nt E gypt ha d

, ,

b e e n ga th e re d a t ce rta in ph a s e s o f the moon or s e a s ons o f ,

th e y e a r or from s om e s pot w h e re the s u n w a s s uppose d

,

n o t to h a ve s hon e on it It w a s cl e a rly prove d a l s o tha t

.

h
t e pl a nt s chi e fly u s e d by th e s orc e r e s s e s w e r e r u e a n d
ve rva in V e rva in w a s s a cre d to the god o f w a r i n G re ec e
.

a n d R om e a n d m a d e th e b a dge o f a mb a ssa dors s e nt to

,

m a k e tre a ti e s o f p e a c e In Ge rm a ny it w a s s a cre d to
.

T hor a n d h e w ould not s trik e w ith h i s lightning a hou s e

,

prote cte d by it The D ruid s c a ll e d it holy h e rb ; the y

.
‘

ga th e re d it w h e n the dog s ta r ros e from u ns u nn e d s pots -

, ,

a n d comp e n s a t e d th e e a rth fo r the d e priv a tio n w i th a

s a crific e o f hon e y I ts re put a tio n w a s s u fli c i e n t i n Be n

.

Jon s on s d a y fo r him to w rite

’

Br i n g y o u r ga r la n d s , a n d w i th re v e r e n ce p la c e

The v e r v a i n o n th e a lta r .

Th e cha rm w hich v e rva in h a d fo r the m e di e v a l p e a s a nt

w a s th a t it w a s b e li e ve d i f it h a d firs t touch e d a Be l fire
,
-
,

to s n a p iron a n d i f boil e d w ith r u e m a d e a li qu id w hich

, , ,

be i n g poure d on a gu n fl i n t m a d e the s hot a s s u re to ta ke ,

e ffe ct a s a n y F r e i sc h u tz could d e s ire .

R u e w a s s uppos e d to h a ve a pot e nt e ffe c t o n th e e y e ,

a n d to be s to w s e cond s ig ht So s a cre d w a s i t o nc e i n .

E ngl a nd tha t mi s s ion a ri e s s p r inkl e d h oly w a te r fro m

bru s h e s m a d e up o f it w h e nce it w a s ca ll e d h e rb o f
,

gra ce . M ilton re pre s e nts M ich a e l a s p u rgi n g A d a m s

’ ’

e y e s w ith it In the Tyrol it i s be li e ve d to co n fe r fi n e

.

vi s ion a n d u se d w ith a grimony ( flow e rs o f A rg o s the .

,

m a ny e ye d ) ; i n Pose n it i s sa id a l s o to he a l s e rp e n t b ite s
- -
.
 I N VO CA TI ON S .
32
5

thi s ro u te it c a me into the ca uldron o f

By th e w iza rd an d
w itch In D r a yto n s inca nta tion it i s s a id ’
.

The n sp r i n kle s she th e j u i ce o f r u e,

W i th n i n e d r o ps o f the mi dn i ght de w
Fr o m lu n a r y d i s ti lli n g .

Th i s oci tion lun a ry or moon w ort onc e suppose d

a ss a of ,
-
,

to cure lun a cy w ith r u e i s in h a rmony w ith th e mythology

,

o f both A n old or a cl e s a id to h a ve be e n re v e a l e d by
.
,

H e c a t e h e rs e l f r a n thu s From a root o f w ild r u e fa s hion

,

a n d poli s h a s t a tu e ; a dorn it w ith hou s e hold liz a rd s

g rind myrrh gum a n d fr a nkinc,

e n s e w ith t
,
h e s a m e r e ptil e s ,

a n d le t the mixture s t a nd in th e a i r during th e w a ning o f

a moon ; th e n a ddr e s s your vo w s in the follo w i n g t e rm s

( th e formul a i s n o t pr e s e rv e d ) A s m a ny form s a s I .

h a v e s o m a ny liz a rd s le t th e re b e
, do th e s e things
e x a ctly ; you w ill build me a n a bod e w ith bra nch e s o f

l a ure l a n d h a v ing a ddre s se d fe rv e nt pra ye rs to the im a ge

, ,

you w ill s e e me in your s l e e p 1

.
’

R u e w a s thu s con s e cra t e d a s th e v e ry s ubs ta nc e o f

H e ca t e th e moth e r o f a ll E urop e a n w itche s
,
M M a u ry . .

s uppo s e s th a t it w a s b e c a u s e it w a s a n a rcotic a n d c a u s e d

h a llucin a tion s H a llucin a tion s w e re no doubt the b a s i s

.
, ,

o f be li e f in s e cond s ight But w h a t e ve r ma y be the c a u se .

,

r u e w a s th e pl a nt o f w itchcra ft a n d Bi s hop Ta ylor s p e a k s

o f i ts b e i n g u s e d by e xorci s t s to tr y th e d e vil a n d th e nc e ,

d e riving i ts a ppe ll a tion h e rb o f gra ce M ore proba bly .

’

i t w a s u s e d to s prinkl e holy w a t e r b e c a u s e o f a tra dition a l

1
P o r phyr y, a p . E u se b . v . 12 . The fo rmu la n o tpr e se r v e d by E u se bi u s i s su p
by M M a u ry M a gi e , 56) to be tha tc o n ta i n e d i n the Phi lo so phu me n a ,
’ ’

p o s e d .

a ttr i bu ted to r i ge n O
Co me , i n fe rn a l, te r r e str i a l, an d c e le s ti a l Bo mbo i
go d d e ss o f high w a ys, o f c r o ss r o a d s,-
tho u w ho be a r e stthe ligh t, w ho tra v e lle st

th e n i gh t, en e my of the d a y, fr ie n d a n d c o mpa n i o n d a r k n e ss ; tho u te

of

j o i c in g i n the ba yi n g o f do gs a n d i n shed blo o d w ho ,

w a n d e r e s t a mid sha d o w s

an d o v er to mbs ; tho u w ho d e si re st blo o d a n d be a r e s t te r ro rs to mo r ta ls ,

Go r go , M o r mo , mo o n of a tho usa n d fo r ms, a id w i th a p r o p i tio us e ye o ur

s a c r i fices l
326 F A CTOR S OF WI TCH PE R SE CU TI OJV .

sa nctity A ll n a rcotics w e re s uppos e d to be childre n o f

.

th e night ; a n d i f in a ddi tion th e y w e r e a bl e to c a u s e

, ,

h a llucin a tion s th e y w e re s uppos e d to be und e r mo re

,

e s p e ci a l c a re o f th e moon .

A ft e r r e a ding a l a rg e numbe r o f re port s conc e rning th e

ord e a ls a n d tri a l s o f w itch e s a n d a l s o m a ny o f th e ir a ll e ge d
,

con fe s s ion s I h a ve a rrive d a t the conclu s ion tha t th e re

,

w e re c e rt a inly g a th e rings h e ld in s e cr e t pl a c e s ; th a t s o me

o f th e ordin a ry c e r e moni e s a n d pra y e rs o f the Churc h

w e re u s e d w ith n a m e s o f tra dition a l d e iti e s a n d Ori e n t
,
a l

d e mon s s ubs titut e d fo r thos e o f the Trinity a n d s a ints ;

th a t w ith th e s e w e re mingl e d s om e Ob s e rva nce s w hich
h a d b e e n pr e se rve d from the a nci e nt w orld by G no s tics ,

A strologi s ts a n d A lch e mi s t s
, Th a t a t th e s e g a th e rings
.

the re w a s s om e tim e s dire ct d e vil w ors hip i s proba bl e b u t

-

o ft e n e r the invoca tion s w e re in oth e r n a m e s a n d it i s fo r ,

the mo s t p a rt d u e to th e l e g a l re port e rs th a t th e D e vil i s

‘ ’

s o o ft e n n a m e d A s to the con fe ss ion s m a ny n o doubt

’
.
, , ,

a dmitt e d th e y h a d gon e to w itch e s Sa bba th s w ho h a d

’

be e n th e re only in fe ve ri s h dre a ms a s mu s t h a ve be e n the

,

ca s e o f m a ny young childre n a n d morbid pi e ti s ts w ho w e re

e x e cute d ; oth e rs con fe s s e d in hop e o f e s ca p e from ch a rge s

th e y could not a n s w e r ; a n d othe rs w e re w e a ry o f the ir

live s.

The w rite r o f thi s w e ll re m e mb e rs in a s m a ll V irgini a n,

vill a ge ( Fa lmouth) more th a n thirty ye a rs a go the te rribl e

, ,

p e rs e cution s to w hich a n old w hite w om a n n a m e d N a ncy

Ca la me s e w a s s ubj e ct e d b e ca u s e o f h e r re puta tion a s a
w itch . R umo u rs o f liz a rd s vomite d by h e r poor n e igh
bours ca u se d he r to be dre a d e d by the ignora nt ; the
n e groe s w e re in te rror o f h e r ; s he h a rdly d a re d pa ss
through the s tre e ts fo r fe a r o f b e ing hoote d by boys On e .

morning s he w a d e d into the R a p pa ha n n o c k rive r a n d

dro w n e d h e rs e l f a n d m a ny o f he r n e ighbours re ga rd e d the
,
 TH R E E CE N T UR I E S OF M ASSA CRE .
32 7

s u icid e a s h e r con fe ss ion Proba bly it w a s a s imil a r s ort

.

o f con fe ss ion to m a n y th a t w e r e a d in the r e ports o f w itch

tri a l s
.

Th e re tribution th a t follow e d w a s more fe rociou s th a n

could h a ve vi s it e d m e re a tte mpts by th e poor a n d i gn o
r a nt to ca ll up s pirit s to th e ir a id E ve ry n o w a n d th e n .

th e pro se cution s di s clo s e th e w e ll know n a nimu s o f h e re s y -

p e rs e cution a n d a l s o the fu r y o f m a gi s tra te s s u s piciou s o f

,

con s pira ci e s . In E n gl a nd N e w E ngl a n d a n d Fr a nc e

, , ,

p a rt icul a r ly a n incipi e nt ra tion a li s m w a s re ve a l e d in the

,

p a r ty ca ll e d Sa d u c e e s w h o tri e d to ca st di s cre dit on the

,
’

b e li e f in w itchcra ft Th i s w a s re cogni s e d by Si r M a th e w
.

H a l e in E ngl a nd a n d Cotton M a th e r in N e w E n gla nd ,

con s e qu e ntly by the chi e f a uthoriti e s o f church a n d s ta te

in both countri e s a s a n a tt a ck on biblica l in fa llibility
, ,

s inc e it w a s s a id in th e Bibl e Th ou s h a lt not s u ffe r a

‘
,

w itch to live The l e a ding w iz a rd s a n d w itch e s w e re

’
.

prob a bly a l s o p e rs on s w ho ha d be e n know n in conn e ction

w ith the popul a r di s cont e nt a n d re volution a ry fe e ling
d i s pl a y e d in s o m a ny o f the vindictive conjura tion s w hich
w e re brought to light .

The horrors w hich a tt e nd e d the cru shing out o f thi s

l a s t re viva l o f p a ga ni s m a r e s u ch a s re ca ll the B a rtholom e w
m a s sa cre a n d the re c e nt s l a ught e r o f Communi s ts in P a ri s ,

s o vividly th a t o n e c a n h a rdly r e pre s s th e s u s picion th a t

the s a m e s o r t o f mingl e d p a nic a n d fa n a tici s m w e re r e p r e

s e nt e d in th e m a ll D r R evill e h a s s um m e d up the fe a r
. .

fu l hi s tory o f thre e hundre d y e a rs a s follow s In the ‘

s ingl e y e a r 1 4 85 a n d in the di s trict o f W orm s a lon e

, ,

e ighty fiv e
-
w itch e s w e re d e live re d to the fl a me s At .

Ge n e va a t B a sl e a t H a mburg a t Ra ti sbon a t Vi e nn a
, , , , ,

a n d in a multitud e o f oth e r to w n s th e re w e re e x e cution s ,

o f the s a m e kind A t H a mburg a mong oth e r victim s a

. , ,

phys ici a n w a s burnt a live b e c a u s e he sa ve d the li fe o f a

,
33 3 W OR ZE UR G H ORR OR S .

w om a n w ho ha d b e e n give n up by the mid w i fe I n It a l y .

,

during the y e a r 1 52 3 the re w e re b u rnt i n the dioc e s e o f

,

Como a lon e more th a n tw o hundre d w itch e s Thi s w a s .

a ft e r th e n e w bull hu rl e d a t w itchcra ft by Pop e A dri a n

VI . In Spa in it w a s s till w ors e ; th e re in 1 52 7 tw o little , ,

girl s o f from nin e to e l e ve n ye a rs o f a ge d e nounc e d a

, ,

hos t o f w itch e s w hom th e y pre te nd e d to d e t e ct by a

,

ma rk in th e ir l e ft e y e In E ngl a nd a n d Scotl a nd politica l

.

influ e nce w a s brought to be a r upon s orce r y ; M a ry Stu a rt

w a s a n im a t e d by a liv e ly z e a l a ga in s t w itch e s I n Fra nce .

th e P a rli a m e nt o f P a r i s h a ppily re move d bu s in e s s o f thi s

kind from the e ccl e s i a s tic a l tribun a ls ; a n d und e r L oui s
X L Cha rl e s V I I I a n d Loui s X I I th e re w e re but fe w
, .
, .

cond e mn a tions fo r the pra ctic e o f m a gic ; but from the

tim e o f Fra nci s I a n d e s pe ci a lly from H e nry I I the .
,

s courg e re a pp e a r e d J e a n Bodi n a ma n o f s te rling w orth

.
,

in oth e r re s p e cts but s ta rk ma d upon the qu e s tion o f

,

w itchcra ft communic a t e d h is m a ni a to a ll cl a s s e s o f the

,

n a tion H i s cont e mpora ry a n d di scipl e Bo gu e t s ho w e d

.
, ,

h o w th a t Fra nce s w a rm e d w ith w itch e s a n d w iz a rd s .

Th e y incr e a s e a n d multiply o n th e l a nd s a id he e ve n
‘ ’ ‘
, ,

a s do the ca t e rpill a rs in our g a rd e n s W ould th a t th e y .

w e re a ll got tog e th e r i n a h e a p so th a t a S ingl e fir e,

might burn th e m a ll a t once Sa voy Fl a nd e rs the Ju ra

.
’
, ,

M ounta in s L orra i n e B ea m Prove nc e a n d i n a lmos t

, , , ,

a l l p a rt s o f Fra nc e the fright ful h e c a tombs w e re s e e n

,

a bl a z e In the s e ve nt e e nth ce nt u ry the w itch fe ve r s om e

.
-

w h a t a ba t e d though i t burs t out h e re a n d th e re c e n

, ,

tr a li s i n g it s e l f chi e fly i n th e conv e nt s o f hy s t e rica l nun s .

The t e rribl e hi s tori e s o f th e pri e s t s Ga u fr i d y a n d Urb a n

G ra n d i e r a r e w e ll kno w n In Ge rm a ny a n d p a rticul a rly
.
,

i n i ts s outh e rn p a rt s w itch burni n g w a s s till more fr e

,
-

qu e nt I n o n e s m a ll princip a lity a t l e a s t 2 4 2 p e rs on s
.

w e re burnt be t w e e n 1 64 6 a n d 1 6 5 1
' '

a n d ho r n bzle d ic t a in , ,
 L A S T VI CTI M S . 2
3 9

the o ffici a l re cord s o f th e s e e x e cution s w e find th a t a mo n g ,

tho s e w ho s u ffe re d w e re childre n from o n e to s i x y e a rs o f

a ge l In 1 6 57 the w itch judge N ichol a s R e my bo a s t e d -
, ,

o f h a vi n g burnt 900 p e rs on s in fi ft e e n y e a rs
. It w ould .

'

e v e n s e e m th a t it i s to the proc e e dings a g a in s t s orce ry

th a t G e rm a ny ow e s the introduction o f torture a s a n

’

ordi n a ry mod e o f ge tting a t the truth M r R o s ko ff . .

re pro d uc e s a ca ta logu e o f the e xe cution s o f w itch e s a n d

w iz a rd s in th e e pi s cop a l to w n o f W ii r z bu r g in B a va ri a , ,

up to the y e a r 1 62 9 In 1 6 59 the numb e r o f thos e put

.

to d e a th fo r w itchcra ft a mounte d in thi s dioce s e to 900 , , .

I n the n e ighbouring bi s hopric o f B a mbe rg a t l e a s t 600

w e re burnt . H e e num e ra t e s th irty o n e e x e cution s in a ll -

not counting s om e re ga rd e d by the co mpil e rs o f the ca ta

lo u e a s not importa nt e nough to m e ntion The numbe r
g
.

o f victim s a t e a ch e x e cution v a ri e s fro m tw o to s e ve n .

M a n y a r e di s ti n gui s h e d by s uch s urn a m e s a s The Big ‘

H unchba ck The Sw e e th e a rt The Bridge k e e p e r Th e

, ,
-

Old Pork w om a n & c A mong th e m a ppe a r pe opl e o f

-

,
’
.

a ll s ort s a n d condition s a ctors w orkm e n juggl e rs to w n , , , ,

a n d vill a g e m a id e n s rich burgh e rs nobl e s s tud e nts

, , , ,

ma gi s tra t e s e ve n a n d a fa ir numb e r o f pri e s ts M a ny

, .

a r e s imply e nt e re d a s a fore ign e r H e re a n d th e re i s

‘ ’
.

a dd e d to th e n a m e o f the cond e mn e d p e rs on h i s a ge a n d

a s hort notic e A mong th e victim s fo r in s t a nc e o f the

.
, ,

tw e nti e th e x e cution figure s Littl e B a rb a ra the pre tti e s t ,

girl in W ii r zb u r g a s tude nt w ho could s p e a k a ll m a nn e r

o f l a ngu a g e s w h o w a s a n e xc e ll e nt mu s ici a n
, v o ca li ter ,

a t zm tr u me n t the m a s t e r o f th e ho s pic e a ve ry
'

a lzt
’

er ; ,

l e a r n e d ma n W e find to o in thi s gloomy a ccount the

.
’

, ,

cru e l re cord o f childre n burnt fo r w itchcra ft h e re a littl e

girl o f a bout nin e or te n ye a rs o f a ge w ith he r b a by s i s t e r , ,

younge r th a n h e rs e l f (th e ir moth e r w a s burnt a littl e w hil e

a ft e r w a rd s) ; h e re bo y s o f te n or e l e ve n ; a g a in a youn g ,
330 TH E R E F OR M A TI ON A N D I VI TCH CR AF I !

girl o f fi fte e n tw o childre n from the poorhou s e ; the l ittl e

boy o f a councillor The p e n fa lls from on e s h a n d i n
.
’

re c a pitul a ting s uch mon s tros iti e s Ca nnot tho s e w ho .

w o u ld e ndo w Ca t h olicity w ith th e dogm a o f p a p a l i n fa lli

b i lity h e a rk e n b e fore givi n g th e ir vot e to the cri e s th a t

, ,

ri s e b e fore G o d a n d w hich his tor y r e e cho e s o f tho se

,
-
,

poor innoce nt on e s w hom p o n ti fic a l bulls thre w into

fl a me s Th e s e ve nte e nth c e nt u ry s a w th e ra pid d i mi n u
tio n o f tri a l s a n d torture s I n o n e o f h is good mom e nts
.
,

L oui s X I V mitiga t e d gre a tly the s e ve rity o f thi s s p e ci a l

.

l e gi s la tion F o r thi s he ha d to und e rgo the re mon s tra nce s

.

o f th e P a rli a m e nt o f R ou e n w hich b e li e v e d s oci e ty w ould

,

be r u in e d i f tho se w h o d e a lt in s orc e r y w e re m e re ly con

d e mn e d to p e rp e tu a l confi n e m e nt Th e truth i s th a t .
,

b e li e f in w itchcra ft w a s s o w id e s pre a d th a t from ti me to -

tim e e ve n throughout the s e ve nt e e nth c e ntury the re w e re

i s ol a t e d e x e cution s On e o f th e l a te s t a n d mo s t notoriou s
.

w a s th a t o f R e n a t a S a e nge r s up e rior o f th e co n v e nt o f
,

U n t e rz e ll n e a r W il r zb u r g
, A t L a nd s hut in Ba va ri a , ,

in 1 7 56 a yo u ng girl o f thirte e n ye a rs w a s convicte d o f

,

i mpure inte rcours e w ith the D e vil a n d put to d e a th S e vill e , .

in 1 781 a n d G l a ri s i n 1 7 83 s a w the l a s t tw o know n

, ,

victim s to thi s fa ta l s up e rs tition 1

.
’

The R e form a tion s w e pt a w a y in N orth e rn countri e s fo r ,

the u pp e r cl a s s e s a s m a ny chri s ti a n s a i n t s a n d a n g e ls a s
,

prie stcra ft h a d pre viou s ly turn e d to e n e mi e s fo r the lo w e r .

Th e poor a n d ignora nt s imply tri e d to e vok e the s a m e id e a l

s pirit gu a rdi a n s und e r th e p a g a n fo r m s l e g e nd a rily a ss o
-

c ia te d w ith a gold e n a ge W itchcra ft w a s a p a th e tic a pp e a l

.

a ga i n s t a cru e l pr e s e nt to a fa ir ho w e ve r vi s ion a r y p a s t , .
,

But Prot e s t a nti s m h a s brought on fa min e o f a n oth e r kind

—fa min e o f the h e a rt Th e s a ints o f th e Chu rch h a ve
.

follo w e d thos e o f p a g a ni s m ; a n d a lthough o n e re s ult o f

1 ‘
The D e v i l, &c
’
.
, p .
5 .
1
 M OD E R N SPI R I T UALJ SM 33:

th e proce s s ha s b e e n a va s t incre a se in e nt e rpri s e s ci e nc e

, ,

a n d w e a lth ,
ma n c a nnot live by th e se a lon e . M od e rn
s p i ritu a li s m w hich s o m a ny tr e a t w ith a s up e rciliou s n e s s
,

l ittl e cre dit a bl e to a s ci e ntific a ge i s a c r y o f s ta rve d s e nti

,

m e nt a n d a ffe ction s l e ft hop e l e s s und e r fa d e d h e a ve n s ,

a s full o f p a th e tic m e a ning a s th a t w hich w a s w rung fro m

s e r fs e ntic e d into t e mpl e s only to find th e m d e n s o f thi e ve s .

D e s ol a t e h e a rt s t a k e u p th e bu r th e n o f d e s ol a t e hom e s ,

a n d a pp e a l to invi s ibl e po w e rs fo r guid a nce ; a n d fo r a tt e s

ta ti o n o f hop e s w hich s ci e nc e ha s blight e d e r e poe try a r t

, , ,

a n d phil a nthropy h a v e ch a nge d th e s e a s h e s into b e a uty .

B e ca u s e th e s e so c a ll e d Spirits e vok e d by m e dium s out

-

o f morbid n e rv e s , a r e r e a lly long e d fo r id e a l s th e d a rk e r

-

fe a ture s o f w itchcra ft a r e not c a ll e d a bout th e m Th a t

.

fe a rful mov e m e nt w a s a w rong e d M e d e a w ho s e s orro w s

h a d m a d e H e c a te — to re m e mb e r th e dre a d ful phra s e o f
E uripid e s th e cho s e n a ss i s t ant d w e lling in th e i n mo s t

r e c e s s e s o f he r hou s e.
’
M od e rn s piritu a li s m i s R a ch e l
w e e ping fo r h e r child r e n n o t to b e com forte d i f th e y a r e
,

n ot . But the m a dn e s s o f the o n e i s to be und e rstood by

th e pl a intive a pp e a l o f the o the r .
 ( 332 )

C H A PTE R X XV .

F AU ST AN D M E PH I STOPI I E L E S .

M e ph isto d M e phiti s—The R a v e n Bo o k — P a p a l s or c e r y— M a g i c

an

s e a ls — M e ph i sto p he le s a s d o g—Ge o rge Sa be lli cu s a li a s F a n s tu s

—The F a u s t myth— M a r lo w e ’s F a u s t— Go o d a n d e v i l a n ge ls
Rl M a gi c o P r o d i gi o so —Cyp r i a n a n d J u stin a —Kli n ge r s Fa u s t
’

Sa ta n
’
mo n — Go e the s M e ph i sto ph e le s— H i s Ge r ma n c h a r a c
s se r
’

te r s M o r a l s c e pti c i s m D e il s g fts
v i He le n a — Re d e mp ti o n
’

h h —
t r o u g Ar t D e fe a t o f M e phis to phe le s .

TH E n a m e M e phi s toph e l e s h a s in it I think the pri e s t s , ,

’

s h udd e r a t th e fu me s o f th e l a bor a tory D u n tze r fi n d s

1
.

th a t th e origin a l for m o f the w ord w a s M e pho s to ph ile s ,

’

a n d conj e ctur e s th a t it w a s a bungling e ffort to p u t

toge t he r thre e Gre e k w ord s to m e a n not loving th e ,

light In thi s he ha s the s upport o f B a ya rd Ta ylor w h o

.
’
,

a l s o think s th a t it w as s o und e rs tood by Go e th e Th e .

tra n s form a tion o f it w a s prob a bly a mid the dre a d e d g a s e s

w ith w hich th e primitive ch e mi s t s urround e d him s e l f He .

w ho b e g a n by not loving the light b e c a m e the fa mili a r ’

o f me n s e e king light a n d lov e r o f th e ir m e phitic g a s e s

, .

Th e a nci e nt R om a n s h a d a mys t e riou s divinity c a ll e d

M e phiti s w hose grove a n d t e mpl e w e r e in th e E sq u i lie
, ,

n e a r a pl a ce it w a s thought fa ta l to e nt e r She i s though t .

to ha ve b e e n invok e d a ga in s t the m e phitic e xh a l a tion s o f

the e a rth in the grove o f A lbun e a S ulphur s prings a l s o .

K lo s te r , 5, 1 1 6. Za u be rbu c he r
’
Sc he i ble
’
1
s .
 TH E R A VE N B OOK .
333

w e e r o f old r e ga rd e d a s e bullition s from h e ll a n d both ,

S ch w a rz a n d R og e r Ba con p a rticul a rly d e a lt in th a t ki n d

o f s m e ll Con s id e ri ng ho w l a rg e ly A s mod e u s a s fi n e
. ,

g e ntl e m a n e nt e r,e d’
into t h e compo s ition o f M e phi s to

h l a n d h o w h e fl e w from N in e ve h to E gypt ( Tobit) to

p e e s ,

a void a b a d s m e ll it se e m s the irony o f mythology th a t

,

e s hould turn up in E u rope a s a me phitic s pirit

h .

M e phi s toph e l e s i s the e mbodim e nt o f a ll th a t ha s b e e n

s a id in pre c e ding ch a pt e rs o f the a s c e tic s horror o f n a ture
’

a n d th e prid e o f li fe a n d o f the m e di e va l pri e s t s curs e on

’
,

a ll l e a rning h e could not monopoli s e Th e Fa u s t myth i s .

me re ly h i s s h a do w ca s t on th e e a rth th e tra c e ry o f h i s te r ,

ribl e pow e r a s the Church w ould h a ve the pe opl e dre a d it .

Th e e a rly R a v e n Book a t D re s d e n ha s the titl e f 1 f

“

D J Fa u s ti 1 f f D re i fa ch e r H Olle n Z w u n g und M a
'
-
. .

g i sc h e ( G e i s t e r C omm a ndo ) n e-
b s t d e n s ch w a rz e n R a a b e n .

R om e a d A rca num Po n ti fic a tu s unte r P a ps t A le x a nd e r

VI ge druckt A nno ( Chri s ti )
. . In proo f o f w hich
c l a im th e re i s a Pre fa c e purporting to be a procl a m a tio n

s ign e d by the sa id Pope a n d Ca rdin a l Piccolomini con

c e rning th e se cr e ts w hich th e c e l e bra t e d D r Fa u s t h a d .

s ca tt e re d thro u ghout G e rm a ny comm a nding a t a a A r ca

'
,

m Po n tifica ta s ma n d e n tn r a t s tou tpap t11a ocu lz zn a r clzzw o

' ' ’ ' ’

n u

N os tr o s omen tu r a t cu s to d i a n tu r a ton e ex tr a Va i r/a s Va tt ,

c a n a s n o n zm m
' '

p r z a n tu r n e gue i n de tr a n sp or ten ta r S i w r o .

m m m
' '

q u zs c n n gue ta er : co n tr a a g er e a us f u e r zt D I VI N A M a le ,
' '

d zc tzo n e rn la te tra ip so f a c to tzs N o bis S o li s

’

s en t
an ser v a r e s er

i n cu r s u m rn I ta ma n d a mus a t co n s ti tue mw
'

v a n d zs se s ci o t
.

J E SU
' '

Vzr tn to Ap a s to ffee E ecle s za z CH R I STI sub p

’
a na Ex
-

mmu mmtzon i s
' ' '

An n o Vzca r ia ta s N os tr i
’
co a t supr a . s ec u n a o .

R o me Vo r bf i n ca r n a tz A n n o M D J
'

. .

Thi s i simpud e nt forge ry but it i s a n inve ntio n

an ,

w hi ch more th a n a n yth ing a ctu a lly i ss u e d from R om e

, ,

indica te s the po pul a r u n d e rs ta n d i n g tha t the c o nte ntion o f

334 PA PAL S OR CE R Y .

the C hurch w a s not a g a in s t the va lidity o f m a gic a rts bu t ,

a g a in s t th e ir e x e rci se by pe rs on s not a uthori s e d by itse l f .

It w a s inde e d a tra dition not comba te d by the pri e sts

, , ,

th a t va riou s e ccl e s i a s tics ha d pos s e s s e d s uch pow e rs e ve n ,

Pope s a s John XX II G re gory V I I a n d Cl e m e nt V

,
.
, .
, .

Th e firs t Sy lve s te r w a s s a id to h a ve a dra gon a t h i s c o m

m a n d ; John XX II d e nounce d hi s phys ici a n s a n d courti e r s
.

fo r n e crom a ncy ; a n d th e w hi s p e rs conn e cting the V a tica n

w ith s orc e ry l a s te d long e nough to a ttribut e to th e l a t e

Piu s I X a po w e r o f the e vil e y e S uch a w fu l pote nci e s

. .

th e Church w i s h e d to be a s crib e d to its e l f a lon e Fa u s t .

i s a l e g e nd inve nt e d to impre ss on th e popul a r mind th e

fa t e o f a ll w ho s ought know l e dge in un a uthori se d w a y s
a n d fo r non e ccl e s i a s tica l e nd s
-
.

I n th e R a ve n Book j u s t me ntion e d the re a r e provi s io n s ,

fo r c a lli n g up s pirit s w hich in th e ir bl e nding o f chri s ti a n

,

w ith p a g a n formul a s oddly re s e mbl e th e s ol e mn proc e e d

,

ings s om e tim e s a ffe ct e d by our s piri tu a l m e dium s Th e .

m a g ici a n (M a gi ste r ) ha d be s t be a lon e but i f othe rs a r e ,

pre s e nt th e ir numbe r mu s t be odd ; h e s hould d e li be ra t e

,

be fore h a nd w h a t bu s in e ss he w i s h e s to tra n s a ct w ith th e

s pi r it s ; h e mu s t obs e rv e God s comm a nd me nt ; tr u s t th e
’

A lmighty s h e lp ; continu e h i s conjura tion though th e

’

s pirit s do not a pp e a r quickly w ith un w a ve ring fa ith ,

m a rk a circl e on p a rchm e nt w ith a dov e s blood ; w ithi n ’

thi s circl e w rite in La tin the n a m e s o f the four q u a rte rs o f

h e a ve n w rit e a round it th e H e bre w l e tt e rs o f God s n a m e
’

a n d b e n e a th it w rit e S a da n ; a n d s t a nding in thi s circl e h e

mu s t re p e a t the nin e ty fir s t P sa lm In a ddition the re a r e

-
.

s e a l s in r e d a n d bl a ck v a riou s H e bre w ,
Gre e k a n d L a tin , ,

w ord s chi e fly s uch a s cont a in the l e tt e rs Q W X Y Z

, , , , ,

o gz Y s c h y r o s Th e o s
,
Z e ba oth A d o n a y The s pe cim e n
, , ,
.

( Fig . w hich I copi e d from the book in D re s d e n i s ,

th e re ca ll e d Sigillum Te lsc h u n ha b The Bl a ck R a ve n .

’
 M A GI C S E AL S .
335

is pictur e d i n the book a n d e xpl a in e d a s the form i n ,

w hich the a ng e l R a ph a e l t a ugh t Tobi a s to s ummon

s pirit s It is s a id a ls o tha t
.

th e M a gici a n mu s t in c e r
t a in c a s e s w r ite w ith blood
o f a fis h ( Tobit a g a in) or
b a t on m a id e n p a rchm e nt
’
-

_ thi s b e ing e xpl a in e d a s Ri g

—S R B a a a r. n on aven oo x .

the s kin o f a go a t but unpl e a s a ntly s ugg e s tiv e o f a d i f

,

fe r e n t ori gin .

I n thi s book poorly print e d a n d a pp a re ntly on a priva t e

, ,

p re s s M e phi
,
s toph e l e s i s m e ntion e d a s o n e o f th e chi e r

Princ e s o f H e ll H e i s d e s cribe d a s a youth a d e pt in a ll

.
,

a rt s a n d s e r vic e s w h o brings s pirit s e rv a nt s or fa mili a rs

,
-
,

a n d brin gs tre a s ure s from e a rth a n d s e a w ith s p e e d In .

the Fra nk fort Fa u s t Book M e phi s toph e l e s s a ys I ,

a m a s pirit a n d a flying s pirit pot e ntly ruling und e r th e

, ,

h e a ve n s In the old e s t l e ge nd s he a pp e a rs a s a dog th a t

’
.
, ,

a s w e h a v e s e e n b e ing the norm a l form o f tut e l a ry divini

,

ti e s th e symbol o f the Scribe in E gypt gu a rd o f H a d e s

, , ,

a n d p s ychopomp o f va riou s mythologi e s A d o g a pp e a rs .

follo w i n g th e fa mily o f Tobi a s M a nliu s r e ports M e la n c .

thon a s s a ying H e ( F a u s t) ha d a dog w ith him w hich

‘
, ,

w a s th e D e vil Joh a nn G a s t Se rmon e s Convivi a l e s )

’ ’
.

s a y s h e w a s pre s e nt a t a dinn e r a t B a s l e give n by F a u s t ,

a n d a dd s : H e ha d a l s o a dog a n d a hors e w ith him

‘
,

b oth o f w hich I b e li e ve w e re d e vil s fo r th e y w e re a bl e to

, , ,

d o e v e rythi n g Som e p e rs on s told me th a t th e dog fr e

.

q u e ntly took th e s h a p e o f a s e rv a nt a n d brou g ht hi m ,

food I n th e old l e ge nd s thi s dog i s n a m e d Pr a es tzjgza r

’ '
1 '
. .

A s fo r the ma n Fa u s t he s e e m s to h a ve b e e n p e rs on a lly
,

the ve ry figure w hich the Church re quir e d a n d h a d th e ,

1Ba ya rd Ta ylo r s a u st, note 45 F ’

Se e a lso his Appe n d i x I fo r
. . a n e x ce l

F
le n t c o n d e n sa ti o n o f the a ust le ge n d fr o m the be s t Ge rma n so u rc es .
336 GE OR GE SABE L LI CU S .

fri a r in w ho se gui se M e phi s toph e l e s a pp e a rs b e e n hi s

, ,

a ctu a l fa mili a r h e could h a rdly h a ve don e more to br in g

,

l e a rni n g into di s gra ce Born a t th e l a tt e r pa rt o f th e

.

fi fte e nth c e ntury a t K nittlinge n W u r te mbe rg o f poo r , ,

p a re nts the b e qu e s t o f a n uncl e e n a bl e d him to s tudy

,

m e dicin e a t Cra cow Unive rs ity a n d it s e e m s pl a in th a t h e ,

d e vote d his l e a rning a n d a biliti e s to the w ork o f d e ludin g

the public Th a t he m a d e mon e y by h i s m e diums hip
’
. ,

o n e c a n o n ly in fe r from th e a ctivity w ith w hich h e w e n t

a bout G e rm a n y a n d a dv e rti s e d h i s po w e rs It w a s a t a ‘ ’
.

tim e w h e n high price s w e re pa id fo r ch a rm s philtre s , ,

m a ndra k e m a nnikins ; a n d the w itchcra ft e xcit e m e nt w a s

not y e t a dva nce d e nough to re nd e r d e a ling in s uch thi n gs
pe ril o u s It s e e m s th a t the Ca tholic cl e rgy m a d e h a s t e
.

to u s e thi s impo s tor to point th e ir mora l a ga i n s t l e a rning ,

a n d to id e nti fy him a s fi rs t fruit o f t h e R e form a tion ; w hil e

-

the R e form e rs w ith e qu a l z e a l hurl e d him b a ck upon th e

, ,

p a pi s ts a s outcom e o f th e ir idol a tri e s M e la n c tho n ca lls .

him a n a bomin a bl e b e a s t a s e w e r o f m a ny d e vil s Th e

‘
, .
’

first m e ntion o f him i s by Tr i the mi u s in a l e tte r o f A u gu s t

2 0 1 507 w h o s p e a k s o f him a s a pre t e nd e r to m a gic
‘ ’
, ,

M a gi s t e r G e orgiu s Sa b e lli c u s Fa n s tu s J unior w hom h e ,

me t a t G e ln ha u s s e n ; a n d in a noth e r l e tt e r o f th e s a me
ye a r a s a t K re uzn a ch Conra d M u d t fri e nd o f Luth e r a n d
, ,

M e la n c th o n m e ntion s ( Oct 3 1 5 1 3) the vi s it to E r fu r th

, .
,

o f G e orgiu s Fa u s tu s H e mi th e u s H e d e be y e n s i s a bra gga rt

‘
,

a n d a fool w ho a ffe cts m a gic w hom h e h a d h e a rd ta lk ’

,

ing in a ta ve rn a n d w ho ha d ra i s e d th e ologi a ns a g a ins t

,
’

him In V oge l s A nn a l s o f Le ipzig k e pt in A u e r

’ ’
.

b a ch s Ce ll a r i s re cord e d und e r d a te 1 5 2 5 D r Joha nn

’

,
.

Fa u s t s vi s it to the Ce ll a r H e a pp e a rs th e re fore to h a ve
’
.

a lre a dy h a d a lia s e s Th e firs t cl e a r a ccount o f him i s in

.

the Ind e x Sa n i ta ti s o f D r Philip B e ga rdi

‘ ’
w ho .

s a ys : Sinc e se v e ra l y e a rs he ha s gon e through a ll re gion s ,

 TH E F A US T M YTH .
337

p rovinc e s a n d kingdom
,
s m a d e h i s
,
n a m e kno w n to e v e ry
b ody a n d i s highly r e no w n e d fo r h i s gre a t s kill not a lon e
, ,

i n m e dicin e but a l s o in chirom a ncy n e crom a ncy phy

, , ,

s i o gn o my vi s io n s in cry s t a l a n d th e l i k e oth e r a rt s
, ,
An d .

a l s o not only r e no w n e d but w ritt e n do w n a n d kno w n a s

,

a n e x pe ri e nc e d ma s t e r H im s e l f a dmitt e d n o r d e ni e d
.
,

t h a t it w a s s o a n d th a t hi s n a m e w a s F a u s tu s a n d c a ll e d
, ,

h im s e l f p /zzlo s oplzu m p i zi los op ko m m But h o w m a ny h a ve

'

c ompl a i n e d to me th a t th e y w e re d e c e iv e d by him — ve rily

a gre a t n u mber ! —
But w h a t m a tt e r Izza zs t Izzn
' ' '

.
’

Th e s e l a tt e r w ord s ma y m e a n th a t Fa u s t h a d ju s t di e d .

H e mu s t h a v e di e d a bout th a t tim e a n d w ith littl e notic e , .

T h e ra pidity w ith w hich a mythology b e g a n to gro w

a round him i s w orthy o f more a tt e ntion th a n th e s ubj e c t

h a s re c e iv e d I n 1 54 3 the prot e s t a nt th e ologi a n Joh a n n

.

G a s t ha s Se rmon e s Co n v i v i a li u m s tori e s o f h i s di a bolic a l

d o g a n d horse a n d o f th e D e vil s t a king hi m o ff w h e n
’

, ,

h i s body turn s it se l f fiv e tim e s fa c e do w n w a rd In 1 587 .

Phi lip Ca me r a r iu s s p e a k s o f him a s a w e ll know n ma gic a n -

w h o live d in th e tim e o f o u r fa th e rs A pril 1 8 1 587 tw o

’
.
, ,

s tud e nt s o f the U n ive rs ity o f Tii bi n ge n w e re impri s on e d

fo r w riting a Com e dy o f D r F a u s tu s : thou gh it w a s not

.

p e rmitt e d to m a k e light o f th e s tory it w a s thought a v e ry ,

prop e r o n e to utili s e fo r piou s p u rpo s e s a n d in the a utumn ,

o f th e s a m e y e a r ( 1 5 87 the origin a l form o f th e l e g e nd

)
w a s publi s h e d by S pi e s s in Fr a nk fort It d e s crib e s F a u s t .

a s s ummoning th e D e v il a t night in a fore s t n e a r W itt e n ,

b e rg Th e e vil s pirit vi s its him o n thre e occa s ion s in h is

.

s tudy w h e re on th e third h e give s h i s n a me a s

,
M e p ho s to
phil e s a n d the comp a ct to s e rve him fo r t w e nty four
,
’
-

y e a rs fo r hi s s oul i s s ign e d W h e n Fa u s t pi e rc e s h i s h a nd
.
,

th e blood flo w s into th e form o f th e w o r d s 0 Iza w a f ug e I

M e phi s toph e l e s firs t s e rve s him a s a monk a n d brin gs him ,

fin e g a rm e nt s w in e a n d food , ,
M a ny o f th e luxuri e s a r e
.

V OL 1 1 . Y
338 FAB UL O US S TOR I E S .

brought from the m a n s ion s o f pre l a te s w hich s ho w s the ,

prote s ta nt bi a s o f the book ; w hich i s a l s o Sho w n in the

obj e ction the D e vil m a k e s to Fa u s t s m a rr ying b e ca u s e ’

m a rr i a ge i s pl e a s ing to God M e phi s toph e l e s ch a nge s .

him s e l f to a w i n ge d hors e on w hich Fa u s t i s born e through

,

m a ny countri e s a rriving a t l a s t a t R om e Fa u s t p a s s e s
, .

thre e d a ys invi s ibl e in th e V a tic a n w hich s uppli e s the

, , ,

a uthor w ith a n oth e r opportunity to di s pl a y p a p a l luxu r y ,

a s w e ll a s th e impot e n c e o f th e Pop e a n d h i s ca rdi n a l s to

e xorci s e th e e vil po w e r s w hich t a k e th e ir food a n d gobl e ts

w h e n th e y a r e a bout to fe a s t On h is fu rth e r a e ri a l voy a ge s

.

Fa u s t ge ts a glim ps e o f th e ga rd e n o f E d e n live s i n s ta t e
in the Sulta n s p a l a ce in the form o f M oh a mm e d ; a n d a t
’

l e n gth be com e s a fa vourite in th e Cou rt o f Ch a rl e s V a t .

I nn sbruck H e re he e vok e s A l e xa nd e r the G re a t a n d

.

h i s w i fe . I n ro a ming a bout G e rm a ny Fa u s t dive rts him ,

s e l f by s w a llo w ing a lo a d o f h a y a n d hors e s cutting o ff ,

h e a d s a n d re pl a cing th e m ma king flo w e rs bloom a t ,

Chri s tm a s dra w ing w in e from a t a bl e a n d c a lli n g H e l e n

, ,

o f Troy to a pp e a r to s om e s tud e nt s H e l e n b e com e s h is .

mi s tre s s ; by h e r he h a s a s o n Ju s tu s Fa u s tu s ; but th e s e ,

d i s a pp e a r s imulta n e ou s ly w ith the dre a d ful e n d o f D r .

Fa u s tu s w ho a ft e r a midnight s torm i s found only in the

,

fra gm e nt s w ith w hich h i s room i s s tre w n .

Se v e ra l o f th e s e l e g e nd s a r e modifica tion s o f those

curre nt b e fore Fa u st s ti me Th e book h a d s uch a n
’
.

imm e n s e s ucc e ss th a t n e w volum e s a n d ve rs ion s on the

s a m e s ubj e ct a pp e a re d not only in G e rm a ny b u t in oth e r

—
p a rts o f E urop e a rhy me d v e rs ion in E ngla nd 1 588 ;
, ,

a tra n s l a tion from the G e rm a n in Fra nce 1 589 a ,

D utch tra n s l a tion 1 59 2 ; Chri s toph e r M a rlo w e s dra m a

’
,

in 1 604 .

I n M a rlo w e s Tra gica l H i s tory o f D octor Fa u s tu s the

’ ‘
,
’

ma ss o f l e ge nd s o f occult a rts th a t ha d crysta lli s e d a round

 M AR L O WE S F A US ?! ’
339

a ma n thoroughly re pre s e nta tive o f th e m w a s tre a t e d w ith

th e dignity d u e to a s ubj e ct a mid w ho s e mora l a n d hi s toric

g r a nd e ur F a u s t i s no long e r th e p e tty p e r s o n a lity h e r e a lly

w as . H e i s pre ci s e ly th e ch a ra ct e r w hich the Church h a d
b e e n cre a ting fo r a thou sa nd y e a rs only s udd e n ly ch a ng e d ,

f rom oth e r w orldly to w orldly d e s ire s a n d a im s

-
W ha t .

h e s e e k s i s w h a t a ll the e n e rgy o f civili s a tion s e e k s .

E VI L AN G E L . G o fo r w a r d , F a n s tu s , i n th a t fa mo u s a r t
W he r e i n a ll N a tu r e
’
s tr e a s u r e is con ta i n e d
Be tho u o n e a r th a s Jo v e i s i n the s ky,

Lo r d an dmma n d e r o f the se e le me n ts
co .

Fa n s r
-
H o w a m I glu tte d w i th c o n c e i t o f thi s !
.

Sh a ll I ma k e sp i r i ts fe tc h me w ha t I p le a s e ,
R e so lv e me o f a ll a mbigu i ti e s l ,

P e r fo r m w ha t d e s pe r a te e n te r pr i s e I w i ll ?
I ll h a v e th e m fl y to I n d i a fo r go ld ,
’

R a n sa c k the o cea n fo r o r i e n t p e a r l,

An d s e a r c h a ll c o r n e r s o f th e n e w -
fo u n d w o r ld

F o r p le a s a n t fr u i ts a n d p r i n c e ly d e li c a te s
I ll ha v e th e m r e a d me s tr a n ge p h i lo s o ph y,
’

An d te ll th e s e c r e ts o f a ll fo r e i gn ki n gs

I ll ha v e th e m w a ll
’
a ll G e r ma n y w ith bra ss,

An d ma ke sw i ft Rh i n e c i r c le fa i r W e r te n be r g ;
b
I ll h a v e the m fi ll the p u li c s c h o o ls w i th s i l ,
’
k
W h e r e w i th th e s tu d e n ts s h a ll be r a v e ly c la d b .

For thi s he i s w illing to p y

a h i s s oul ,
w hich T h e ology
h a s s o long d e cl a r e d to be the pric e o f m a s t e ring th e
w orld .

Thi s w o rd d a mn a ti o n te r r ifie s n o t hi m ,

F o r he c o n fo u n d s h e ll i n E ly s i u m
H i s gh o s t be w i th th e o ld p h i lo s o p h e r s

Th e Good A n ge l
’
w a rn s him
0 F a u s tu s , la y tha t d a mn ed o o a s id e , b k
An d ga ze n o t o n i t, le s t i t te mp t th y s o u l,
An d he a p G o d he a v y w r a th u p o n th y he a d !
’
s

R e a d, rea d the Sc r i ptu r e s — th a t i s bla s ph e my .

So , dying awa y a mi d the thun d e rs of th e R e f orma tion ,

34 ° G O OD AN D E VI L AN GE L S .

we e r h e a rd the e cho e s o f the e a rly chri s ti a n voice s w hich e x

u lte d in th e e t e rn a l torture s o f th e Gre e k po e t s a n d philo

s oph e rs the a n a th e m a s on R og e r B a con Socinu s G a lil e o ; , ,

th e outcri e s w ith w hich e v e ry gre a t inv e ntion h a s be e n

me t W e n e e d only re touch th e a bove e xtra cts h e re a n d

.

th e re to m a k e Fa u s t s a s pira tion s those o f a s a i nt L e t

’
.

th e gold be s ought in N e w J e ru s a le m th e p e a rl i n i ts ,

ga te s th e fruits i n p a ra di s e the philosophy tha t o f

, ,

A th a n a s iu s a n d no a mount o f s e lfi s h hung e r a n d thirs t

,

fo r th e m w ould gri e ve a n y Goo d A n ge l h e ha d e ve r

‘ ’

h e a rd o f .

Th e Good A ng e l ha s not y e t g a in e d hi s w ings w ho

‘ ’

w ill t e ll him th a t a ll h e s e e k s i s includ e d in th e t a s k o f

hum a nity but w a rn him th a t th e m e thod by w hich he

,

w ould g a in it i s j u s t th a t by w hich h e h a s b e e n in s t r u ct e d

to s e e k gold a n d j a s pe r o f the N e w J e ru sa l e n not by — ,

fulfilling th e condition s o f th e m but a s the obj e ct o f s ome

,

fa vouriti s m E v e ry hum a n b e ing w ho e ve r s ought to

.

obta in b e n e fit by pra y e rs or pra i s e s th a t might w i n the

good gra ce s o f a s uppos e d b e s to w e r o f b e n e fits in s te a d o f ,

by w orking fo r th e m i s but the Fa u s t o f h i s s id e —be it

,

s up e rn a l or in fe r n a l H ocu s pocu s a n d invoc a tion blood

.
-

—
compa cts a n d s a cra m e nts th e y a r e a ll the s a m e in origi n ;
,

th e y a r e a ll m e a n a tt e mpts to obta in a dva nt a ge s be yon d

oth e r p e opl e w ithout s e rving u p to th e m or d e s e rving th e m .

To B e e lz e bub Fa u s t w ill build a n a lta r a n d a church

‘

but h e h a d prob a bly n e ve r e nt e re d a church or kn e lt

b e fore a n a lt a r w ith a n y l e ss s e lfi s hn e s s .

A s trong N e m e s i s follo w s Se l f to s e e th a t i ts bound s

a r e not ov e rp a s s e d w ithout r e tribution I ts s a ti s fa ction s
.

mu s t b e w e igh e d in the b a l a n c e w ith i ts re n u nci a tion s A n d .

th e infl e xibl e la w a ppli e s to i n t e ll e ct a n d s e l f cultur e a s -

much a s to a n y oth e r pow e r o f ma n M e phi s toph e l e s i s the

.

k e rn e l o f th e brut e he i s the inte ll e ct w ith m e re ca ni n e

 E L M A GI CO P R OD I GI
’
‘
OS O .
34 1

h u nge r fo r kno w l e dge b e ca u s e o f th e po w e r it brings .

O r fa lling on a noth e r p a rt o f hum a n n a ture it i s prid e

, ,

m a king its e l f a bj e ct fo r o s t e nta tion ; or it i s p a s s io n s e lli n g

l ove fo r lu s t R e e nte r M ephfs top/ze le s w i t/z D e v i ls w ho g i v e
.
-

,
'

cr ow n s an d r zc/z a pp a r el to F a u s tu s , d a n ce , d t/ze n d epa r t

a n .

T o th e ma n w h o ha s re c e iv e d h i s int e ll e ctu a l a n d mora l

l ib e rty only to so s p e n d it L uci fe r ma y
, we ll sa y, in
M a rlo w e s w ord s
’

Ch r i s t c a n n o t s a v e thy s o u l, fo r he i s u s t j
T he r e s n o n e bu t I h a v e i n te r e s t i n th e s a me
’
.

P e rh a p s h e might e ve n be tt e r ha ve s ugge st e d to Fa u s t
th a t h i s s oul w a s not o f s u ffici e nt s ignific a n c e to w a rra n t

muc h a nxi e ty .

S om e thing w a s g a in e d w h e n it w a s brought b e fore the

p e opl e i n popul a r dra m a s o f Fa u s t h o w littl e th e D e vil
ca re d fo r th e cro s s w hich ha d s o long b e e n re ga rd e d a s the
a ll s u fli c i e n t w e a pon a g a in s t him Fa u st a n d M e phi s to
-
1
.

p h e le s flouri s h in th e V a tic a n d e s pit e a l l th e cro s s e s r a i s e d

to e xorci se th e m Th e con fe s s ion o f th e cro s s w h ich o n c e
.

me a nt m a rtyrdom o f the con fe s s or h a d n o w com e to m e a n

m a rtyrdom o f th e d e ni e r Prot e s t a nti s m put i ts fa ith in .

T h e ology Cre e d s a n d Orthodoxy

,
But Ca ld e ron d e la
, .

B a rca bl e nd e d the l e ge nd o f Fa u s t w ith the l e ge nd a ry

t e mpt a tion o f St Cypri a n a n d in E l M a gico Prodigios o
.
,

w e h a ve in i mpr e s s ive contra s t th e po w e rl e s s n e ss o f th e

, ,

e vil po w e rs ov e r th e h e a rt o f a pure w om a n a n d i ts e a s y ,

e ntr a nc e into a mind fully furni s h e d w ith th e s ound e s t

s e ntim e nt s o f th e ology St Cypri a n h a d b e e n a w o r . .

s hipp e r o f p a g a n d e iti e s be fore h i s conve r s ion a n d e ve n

2
,

a ft e r thi s h e h a d onc e s a v e d him se l f w hil e oth e r chri s ti a n s

1
Te r tu ll
. ad M a r c io n , i i i . 18. S I gu a tu E p i sc
. . et M a r tyr ad P hi l . Ep .

v ii i . The Pi r n ce o f this w o r ld j
re o i ces w he n an
y on e d e n ie s the c r o ss, fo r he
k n o w s the c o n fe ss i o n o f the c r o ss to be h is mi n .
’

1
Se e his Ac ta , by Si me o n M e ta phr a s tus
’
.
 '

34 2 A S GH OL AR S TE M P TA TI ON .

r
we e s u ffe ring m a rtyrdom It i s po ss ibl e th a t out o f thi s
.

ma y h a ve gro w n the l e ge nd o f h i s h a ving c a ll e d h i s e a rli e r

d e iti e s — th e ore tica lly ch a nge d to d e vil s— to h is a i d a
tra c e o f the l e ge nd b e ing tha t m a gic a l Book o f Cy p r i ‘

a nu s m e n tion e d in a noth e r ch a pte r I n h i s tra ct D e

’ ‘
.

Gra ti a D e i Cypri a n s a y s conce rn ing h is s piritu a l con

’

d itio n b e fore conve rs io n I la y in d a rkn e s s a n d floa ting

‘

, ,

on the w orld s b o i s t e rou s s e a w it h no re s ting pl a ce fo r my

’

,
-

fe e t ignora n t o f my prop e r li fe a n d e s tra ng e d from tru t h

, ,

a n d light H e re i s a m e t a phoric a l va s ty d e e p fro m

’ ‘ ’
.

w hich the c e nturi e s could h a rdly fa il to conjure up s pirit s ,

o n e o f th e m be ing th e d e vil o f Ca ld e ron s dr a m a w h o fro m

’

a w re ck e d s hip w a lk s Chri s t lik e ov e r th e boi s t e rou s s e a to

-

find Cypri a n on the s e a s hore The dra m a ope n s w ith a

-
.

s c e n e w hic h r e c a ll s th e mo s t p e rilou s o f S t A nthony s

’
.

te mpta tion s A ccording to A th a n a s iu s the D e vil h a ving

.
,

utt e rly fa il e d to conqu e r A nthony s virtu e by ch a rmi n g ’

im a g e s c a m e to him in h i s prop e r bl a ck a n d ugly s h a pe

, ,

a n d c a ndidly con fe s s ing th a t h e w a s th e D e vil s a id h e

, ,

h a d b e e n va nq ui s h e d by th e s a int s e xtra ordi n a ry s a nctity

’
.

A nthony pr e va il e d a ga in s t the s pirit o f prid e thu s

a w a ke n e d but Ca ld e ro n s Cypri a n though h e doe s’

n o t s imil a rly re cogni se th e D e vil b e com e s compl a c e nt a t ,

th e di a l e c tic a l victory w hic h the t e mpt e r conc e d e s him .

Cypri a n h a vi ng a rgu e d th e e xi s t e nc e a n d s upre m a cy o f

God th e D e vil s a ys H o w c a n I impugn s o cl e a r a con
, ,

s e qu e nc e ? D o you re gre t my victory ?

’ ‘
W ho but ’ ‘

r e gre ts a ch e ck in riva lry o f w it? H e l e a ve s a n d Cypri a n ’

s a ys , I n e ve r me t a more l e a r n e d p e rs on Th e D e vil i s
‘
.
’

e q u a lly s a ti s fi e d kno w ing no doubt th a t god s w ork e d o u t

, , ,

by the w its a lon e re m a in in th e ir a bod e o f a b s tra ction

’

a n d do not int e r fe r e w ith th e w orld o f s e n s e Ca ld e ron i s .

a rt ful e nough to thro w th e tri a l o f Cypri a n b a c k into

hi s p a g a n p e riod but the mirror i s no l e s s tru e in r e fl e c t

,
 c YPR I A N AN D j U S TI N A .

i n g fo r tho s e w ho ha d e ye s to se e i n it th e w e a kn e ss of

t h e ology .

‘
E nt e r th e D e vil g e ntl e m a n I S th e firs t s ign
as a fin e ,

o f th e t e mpt a tion i n Ca ld e ron s dra m a — i t i s A s mod e u s 1 ’

a g a in a n d th e
, prid e o f li fe h e firs t bri n gs i s th e conce it
o f a cl e ve r th e o logic a l victory So s u ffi ci e nt i s the door .

w a y s o m a d e fo r a ll oth e r prid e to e nt e r th a t n e xt tim e ,

th e d e vil n e e d s no di s gui s e but h a s only to o ffe r h i m a ,

p a inl e ss victory ov e r n a tu r e a n d th e w orld i n cluding ,

J u s tin a th e obj e ct o f h i s p a s s ion

, .

VVo u ld s t th o u th a t I wor k
A c ha r m o v e r th i s w a s te a n d s a v a ge w o o d ,

b
T hi s Ba ylo n o f c r a gs a n d a ge d tr e e s .

F i lli n g i ts c o v e r ts w i th a h o r r o r
Th r i lli n g an d s tr a nge ?
'

I o fle r th e e th e fr u i t
O f ye a r s of to i l i n re co mpe n se w ha te
’
er

Th y w i ld e s t d r e a m p r e s e n te d to th y tho u ght
As o bj e c t o f d e s i r e , s ha ll be th i n e
11
.

Ju stin a kno w s l e s s a bout th e philos ophica l go d o f

C ypri a n a n d more o f the might o f a ch a s t e h e a rt
,
To .

th e D e vil s he s a y s

T ho u gh t i s n o tin my p o w e r , bu t a c ti o n i s
I w i ll n ot mo v e my fo o t to fo llo w the e .

T h e D e vil i s comp e ll e d to sa y a t l a st
W o ma n , th o u h a s t s u bd ued me ,
O n ly by n o t o w n i n g th y s e l f s u bd u e d .

H e is only a bl e to bring a count e rfe it o f Ju s ti n a to he r

love r .

L ik e Go e th e s M e phi s toph e l e s Cypri a n s d e vil i s u n a bl e

’ ’

to pe rform hi s e x a ct e ng a ge m e n t s a n d con s e qu e ntly do e s ,

1
I ha v e be e n mu c h by the r e se mb la n c e be tw e e n the d u mpy mo n k i s h
s tr u c k
d w a r f, i n the o ld w a ll pi c tu r e o f A u e r ba c h s Ce lla r , me a n tfo r M e p hi s to phe le s ,
’
-

a n d the p o r tr a i t o f A s mo d e us i n the e a r ly e d i ti o n s o f Le D i a ble Bo i te ux

’
.

Bu t, a s d e v ils w e n t i n tho se d a ys, the y a r e go o d lo o k in g e n o u gh -

.

1
She lle y Tr a n s la ti o n
’
s .
 K L I N GE R S F A US I Z
’
344

not w i n i n the g a m e H e e n a bl e s Cypri a n to move mo u n

.

t a i n s a n d conqu e r b e a s ts until h e bo a s ts th a t h e c a n
,

e xc e l h i s in fe rn a l t e a c h e r but the D e vil ca nnot bring

,

Ju s tin a Sh e h a s told Cypri a n th a t s he w ill love him in

.

d e a th Cypri a n a n d s h e toge th e r a bj ure th e ir pa ga nis m

.

a t A ntioch a n d m e e t in a c e ll ju s t b e for e th e ir m a rtyr

,

dom Ove r th e ir bodi e s lying d e a d on the s ca ffold the

.

D e vil a pp e a rs a s a w ing e d s e rp e nt a n d s a ys h e i s com ,

p e l le d to a nnounc e th a t th e y h a ve bot h a s c e nd e d to

h e a ve n H e d e s c e nd s into the e a rth

. .

W h a t the s to r y o f Fa u s t a n d M e phi s toph e l e s ha d

b e com e in the popul a r mind o f G e rm a ny w h e n G o e th e ,

w a s ra i s ing it to be a n immort a l typ e o f th e condition s

und e r w hich ge niu s a n d a rt c a n a lon e fulfil th e ir t a s k ,

i s w e ll s ho w n in th e s e n s a tion a l tra g e dy w ritt e n by h i s

cont e mpora ry the pla y w right K linge r The fo llo w ing
,
.

e xtra ct from K lin ge r s Fa u s t i s n o t w itho u t a c e rta i n

’ ‘ ’

impre s s ive n e s s .

N ight cove re d the e a rth w ith i ts ra v e n w in g Fa u s t .

s tood b e fore th e a w ful s p e cta cl e o f the body o f h i s s o n

s u s p e nd e d upon th e g a llo w s M a dn e s s p a rch e d hi s bra in

.
,

a n d h e e xcl a im e d in th e w ild ton e s o f di s p a ir

‘
Sa t a n le t me but bury thi s un fortun a t e b e ing a n d
, ,

th e n you ma y ta k e thi s li fe o f min e a n d I w ill d e s c e n d ,

into your in fe rn a l a bod e w h e re I s h a ll no more b e hold

,

me n in the fl e s h I h a v e l ea rn e d to kno w th e m a n d I
.
,

a m di s gu s t e d w ith th e m w ith th e ir d e s tiny

,
w ith the ,

w orld a n d w ith li fe
, M y good a ction ha s dra w n do w n
.

unutt e ra bl e w o e upon my h e a d I hop e tha t my e vil on e s

ma y h a ve be e n productive o f good Thu s s hould it b e in .

the ma d co n fu s ion o f e a rth Ta k e me h e nc e ; I w i s h to

.

b e com e a n inh a bita n t o f thy dre a ry a bod e ; I a m tire d o f

light comp a re d w ith w hich the d a rkn e s s in the in fe rn a l
,

re gion s m u s t be the brightn e ss o f mid d a y -

.
’
 SA TAN S SE R M ON
’
.
34 5

—
But Sa ta n re pli e d : H o ld l not so fa s t Fa u s t ; onc e I
told th e e th a t tho u a lon e s hould s t be the a rbite r o f thy
'

li fe th a t th o u a lo n e s hould s t h a ve pow e r to bre a k th e

,

h our gl a s s o f thy e xi s te nc e ; tho u h a s t don e so a n d th e

-

h o u r o f my ve nge a nce ha s com e th e hour fo r w hich I ,

h a ve s ig h e d s o l o n g H e re n o w do I t e a r from th e e thy
.

m ighty w iz a rd w a nd a n d ch a in th e e w ithin th e n a rro w

-

b ound s w hich I dra w a round th e e H e re s h a lt thou s t a nd

.

a n d li s t e n to me a n d tre mbl e ; I w ill dra w forth th e t e rrors

,

o f th e d a rk p a s t a n d kill th e e w ith s lo w d e s p a ir
, .

‘
Thu s w ill I e xult ove r th e e a n d r e joic e in my victory
, .

Fool ! thou h a s t s a id th a t thou h a s t l e a rn e d to kno w ma n

W h e re ? H o w a n d w h e n ? H a s t thou e ve r con s id e re d
h i s n a tur e ? H a s t thou e ve r e x a min e d it a n d s e p a ra t e d ,

from it i ts for e ign e l e m e nt s ? H a s t tho u di s tingui s h e d

b e t w e e n th a t w hich i s o ffs pri n g o f the pure impul se s o f
h i s h e a rt a n d th a t w hich flo w s fro m a n im a gin a tion
,

corrupt e d by a r t? H a s t thou comp a re d the w a nts a n d

th e vic e s o f h i s n a ture w ith tho s e w hich h e ow e s to s oci e ty

a n d pre v a iling corruption ? H a s t thou ob s e rve d him i n

h i s n a tura l s t a t e w h e re e a ch o f hi s u ndi s gui s e d e xpre s

,

s ion s mirrors o r th
f h i s s s —
inmo t oul ? N o tho u h a s t
l ook e d u pon the m a s k th a t s oci e ty w e a rs a n d h a s t mi s ,

t a k e n i t fo r th e tru e lin e a m e nts o f ma n ; thou h a s t o n ly

b e com e a cqu a int e d w ith me n w ho h a ve con s e cra te d the ir
condition w e a lth po w e r a n d ta l e nts to the s e rvic e o f
, , ,

corruption w ho h a ve s a crific e d th e ir pure n a ture to your

—
Idol Illu s ion Thou did s t a t o n e tim e pre s um e to s ho w
.

me th e mora l w or th o f ma n ! a n d h o w did s t thou s e t

a bout it ! By l e a di n g me upon th e bro a d hi gh w a ys o f
vic e by bringi n g me to the court s o f th e mighty w hol e
,

s a le butch e rs o f me n to th a t o f the co w a rd tyra nt o f

,

Fra nc e o f the U s urpe r i n E ngl a nd ! W h y did w e pa s s

,

by the m a n s ion s o f the good a n d the ju s t ? W a s it fo r

34 6 SA TA N PR AI SE S TH E H UM BL E .

me Sa t a n to
,
hom thou h a s t chos e n to be com e a me n
,
w

tor to point th e m out to th e e ? N o ; thou w e rt le d to

,

th e pl a ce s tho u d id s t h a u n t by th e fa m e o f princ e s by ,

thy prid e by thy lo n ging a ft e r d i ss ipa tion A n d w h a t

, .

h a s t thou s e e n th e re ? Th e s oul s e a re d tyra nt s o f ma n

-

kin d w ith th e ir s a te llite s w ick e d w om e n a n d m e rc e n a ry

, ,

pri e s ts w ho m a k e re ligion a tool by w hich to ga in th e

,

obj e ct o f th e ir b a s e p a s s ion s .

H a s t thou e ve r d e ign e d to ca s t a gl a nc e a t th e oppre s s e d ,

w ho ,
s ighing und e r h i s burd e n con s ol e s hi ms e l f w ith
,

the hop e o f a n h e re a ft e r ? H a s t thou e ve r s ought fo r th e

d w e ll i n g o f th e virtuou s fri e nd o f hum a nity fo r tha t o f the ,

n obl e s a g e fo r th a t o f th e a ctiv e a n d upright fa th e r o f a

,

fa mily ?
Bu t h o w w ould th a t h a ve b e en pos s ibl e ? H o w could s t
thou the mos t corrupt o f thy ra c e h a ve d i s cove re d th e
, ,

pure o n e s inc e tho u h a d s t not e ve n th e ca pa city to s u s

,

e c t h i s e xi s t e nc e ?
p
Pro u dly did s t thou p a s s by the cotta ge s o f the pure
a n d humbl e w h o liv e u n a cqu a int e d w ith e ve n th e n a m e s
,

o f y our a rtifici a l vic e s w ho e a rn th e ir br e a d in th e s w e a t

,

o f th e ir bro w a n d w h o r e joic e a t th e ir l a s t ho u r th a t th e y
,

a r e p e rmitt e d to e xch a ng e the mort a l fo r th e im morta l .

It i s tru e h a d s t thou e nt e re d th e ir a bod e thou mights t

, ,

n o t h a v e fo u nd thy fooli s h id e a l o f a n h e roic e xtra va g a n t ,

virtu e w hich i s only th e fa nci ful cre a tio n o f your vic e s

,

a n d your prid e ; but thou w ould s t h a v e se e n th e ma n o f

a re tiring mod e s ty a n d nobl e re s ign a tion w ho i n h is ,

ob s curity e xc e l s in virtu e a n d tru e gra nd e ur o f s oul your

bo a s te d h e ro e s o f fi e ld a n d c a bin e t Tho u s a ye s t tha t .

thou kno w e s t ma n ! D o s t thou kno w thys e l f ? N a y ,

d e e p e r y e t w ill I e nt e r into th e s e cre t pl a c e s o f thy h e a rt ,

a n d fa n w ith fi e rc e bl a s t th e fl a me s w hich thou h a s t

kindl e d th e re fo r th e e .
 G OE TH E S M E PH I S TOPH E LE S
’
.
34 7

Ha d I a thou s a n d hum a n tongu e s a n d a s m a n y y e a rs ,

to S p e a k to th e e th e y w ould be a ll i n s u fli c i e n t to d e v e lop
,

th e con s e qu e nc e s o f thy d e e d s a n d thy r e ckl e ss n e s s The .

g e rm o f w re tch e dn e s s w h ich thou h a s t s ow n w ill continu e

i ts gro w th through c e nturi e s y e t to com e ; a n d futu re

g e n e r a tion s w ill cur s e th e e a s th e a uthor o f th e ir mi s e ry .

B e hold th e n d a ring a n d re ckl e s s ma n th e importa nc e

, , ,

o f a ction s th a t a pp e a r circu m s crib e d to your mol e vi s ion

W ho o f you c a n s a y Tim e w ill oblite ra te the tra ce o f

,

m y e xi s t e nce ! Thou w h o kno w e s t not w h a t b e ginni n g ,

w h a t middl e a n d e n d a r e h a s t d a r e d to s e iz e w ith a bol d

, ,

h a nd th e c ha in o f fa t e a n d h a s t a tt e mpt e d to gn a w i ts
,

l i n k s n ot w ith s t a ndi n g th a t th e y w e re forg e d fo r e t e rnity !

,

Bu t n o w w ill I w ithdra w th e v e il from b e fore thy e y e s ,

a n —
d th e n c a s t the s p e ctr e d e s p a i r i nto thy s oul .
’

F a u s t pr e s s e d hi s h a nd s upon hi s fa c e th e w orm th a t
n e v e r di e th gn a w e d a l r e a dy on h i s h e a rt
’
.

The e s s e nc e a n d s u m o f e ve ry d e vil a r e in the M e p h i s

to p h e le s o f G o e th e H e i s culture
. .

Cu ltu r e , w h ic h s mo o th th e w ho le w o r ld li c ks ,

Als o un to th e D e v il s ti c s k .

He re pre s e nt s the i nte llig e nc e w hich h a s l e a rn e d th e

di ffe re nc e be t w e e n id e a s a n d w ord s know s th a t tw o , a n d
tw o m a k e fou r a n d a l s o h o w
,
conve ni e nt ma y be the

d e xt e rity th a t c a n n e a tly w rit e th e m out fi v e .

O f M e ta p h y s i c s le a r n th e u se a n d b e a u ty
Se e th a t yo u mo s t pr o fo u n d ly ga i n
W ha t d o e s n o t s u i t th e hu ma n b r a i n
’
A Sp le n d i d w o r d to s e r v e , yo u ll fin d
F o r w h a t go e s i n — ’
o r w o n t go i n —
y o ur mi n d .

On w o rds le t yo u r a tte n ti o n c e n tr e !
’
Th e n thr o u gh th e s a fe s t ga te y o u ll e n te r

Th e te mp le h a lls o f c e r ta i n ty .
1

Sc e n e i v
’
1
Ba ya r d Ta ylo r s Tr a n sla ti o n . .
34 8 GR E Y TH E OR Y .

He kno w s too t ha t the e xi s ting mom e nt a lon e i s o f a n y

, ,

a dva nta g e ; th a t the ory i s gre y a n d li fe e v e r gre e n ; th a t

he only ga th e rs re a l fruit w ho confid e s in him s e l f He is .

thu s the p e rfe ctly e volve d int e ll ect o f ma n full y in pos s e s ,

s ion o f a ll i ts impl e m e nt s th e s e poli s h e d till th e y s hin e i n

,

a ll gra c e s ubtl e ty a d e qu a cy
, N a ture s ho w s n o s ymbol
, .

o f s uch po w e r more compl e t e th a n the g e mm e d s e rp e n t

w ith i ts e xqui s it e a d a pta tion s —

fre e d from cumb e rs ome ,

pro sa ic fe e t e qu a l to the w i n ge d by i ts fle xibl e s pine

, ,

e v e ry tooth a rti s tic .

F rom a n a nci e nt pri s on w a s thi s A ri e l lib e ra t e d by h is

Pro s p e ro w hose w a nd w a s the R e form a tio n a s pirit fin e l y
, ,

touch e d to fin e i s s u e s But h i s w i n gs c a nnot fly b e yond .

th e a tmo s ph e re Th e a n ci e n t h e a ve n h a s fa d e d b e fore
.

th e cl e a re r e y e but th e s ta rry id e a l s h a v e com e n e a re r

, .

Th e old h e ll s h a ve burnt out but th e a nim a li s m o f ma n ,

couch e s a ll th e more fre e ly on h is p a th h a ving bro k e n ,

e ve ry ch a in o f fe a r M a n s ti ll w a lk s b e t w e e n th e good
.

a n d e vil on the h a ir dra w n bridge o f h is mora l n a ture

,
-
.

H i s fa culti e s s e e m a d a pt e d w ith e qu a l pre ci s ion to e ith e r

s id e o f h i s li fe upp e r or und e r ,
—to W i s dom or Cu nning , ,

Se l f re s pe ct or Se l f conc e it Prud e nc e or Se lfis hn e s s L u st

- -

, ,

or Love .

Such i s the s e e ming s itu a tion but i s it th e r e a lity ? ,

Go e th e s Fa u s t i s the o n e cl e a r a n sw e r w hich thi s qu e s

’ ‘ ’

tion ha s re ce ive d .

I n o n e s e n s e M e phi s toph e l e s ma y be ca ll e d a G e rm a n
d e vil The chri sti a n s oul o f G e rm a ny w a s fro m th e first
.

a Ch a ng e ling The a nci e nt N a ture w ors hip o f th a t ra c e

.
-

mi ght h a ve h a d i ts norm a l d e ve lopm e nt in the s ci e nce s ,

a n d a long w ith thi s int e ll e ctu a l e volution th e re mu s t h a ve

b e e n form e d a re la te d re ligion a bl e to pre se rve s oci a l

ord e r through the honou r o f ma n But the n a tive s o u l .

o f G e rm a ny w a s cut out by th e s w ord a n d r e pl a c e d w ith

 GE R M AN CH AR A CTE R I S TI CS .
34 9

a mongre l H e br e w L a tin oul The me ta phorica l te rrors

-
s .

of —
tropica l countri e s the d e a dly w orm s th e burning
, ,

a n d s u ffoca ting bl a s t s a n d s t e nch e s w ith w hich the mind ,

o f tho s e d w e lling n e a r th e m could fa mili a ri s e its e l f w h e n

me t w ith in th e ir s cri pture s a cqu ire d e x a gge ra t e d horrors

,

w h e n l e ft to be picture d by th e t e rrori s e d i m a gi n a tion o f

ra c e s ignora nt o f th e ir origin It i s a long di s ta nce from .

P o ts d a m a n d H yd e Pa rk to Za h a ra Chri sti a nity th e re .

fo re blight e d n a ture in th e north by a pp a rition s more

fe a r ful th a n the s outh e r n w orld e ve r kn e w a n d long a ft e r ,

th e p iou s th e re could s i ng a n d d a nc e p u rit a nic a l gloom s ,

h u ng ove r the chri s ti a n s o f highe r l a titud e s W h e n th e .

progre s s o f G e rm a n cult u re b e ga n the w ork o f di s s ipa ting

th e s e idl e t e rrors th e s e v e rity o f th e re a ction w a s pro
,

portion e d to the inte n s ity o f the d e lu s ion s The lon g .

fa m i s h e d fa c u lti e s ru s h e d a lmo s t m a dly into th e ir b e a uti ful

w orld b u t w ithout the old r e ve re nce w hich h a d onc e
,

k n e lt be fore i ts ph e nom e na Th a t ma y re m a in w ith a . ,

fe w but th e cynici s m o f th e noi s i e s t w ill be re fl e ct e d e v e n

,

u pon th e fa c e s o f the b e st Go e th e firs t ha d h i s a tte ntion

.

dra w n to S pinoza by a portr a it o f hi m on a tra ct in w hich ,

h i s r e a lly nobl e count e n a nce w a s re pre s e nt e d w ith a d i a

b o li c a l a s p e ct Th e orthodox h a d m a d e it but th e y could
.
,

only h a ve do n e s o by the ca re e rs o f Fa u s t P a ra ce l s u s a n d , ,

th e ir tribe Th e s e too h e lp e d to conve ntion a li s e V olt a ire

.

into a M e phi s toph e l e s 1

.

Goe th e w a s prob a bly th e firs t E urop e a n ma n to c a r ry

out thi s s c e ptici s m to i ts full re s ults H e w a s the firs t .

w h o r e cogni s e d th a t the mora l e dific e b a s e d upon mon a s t i c

the ori e s mu s t follow th e m ; a n d h e h a d in his o w n li fe

a lr e a dy qu e s tion e d th e right o f th e s o c a ll e d mora lity to i ts -

1
Se e La v a te r
’
s Ph y i
s o gn o my, Pl
ates x ix . an d x x .
,
in w h ic h so me a r tis t

ha s sh o w n w h a t v a r ia ti o n s ca n be ma d e to o rd e r o n a n i n te lle c tu a l an d be n e
v o le n t fa ce .
3s o M ORAL SK E P TI CI SM

s upre m e i f not tyra nnou s a uthority ove r ma n H e re dita r y .

con s ci e nc e p a s s i n g through thi s fie rce crucible la y le vi

, ,

g a bl e be fore Go e th e to be sw e pt a w a y into du s t hole or

,
-

mould e d into th e im a ge o f re a s on Th e re re m a in e d .

a round th e a nim a l n a tur e o f a fr e e ma n only a thre a d

w hich s e e m e d a s fi n e a s th a t w hich h e ld the mon s te r
Fe nri s It w a s m a d e only o f th e s e ntim e nt o f love a n d
.

th a t o f honour But a s Fe nri s found the s o ft i nvi sible

.

thre a d s trong e r th a n ch a in s Fa u s t prove d th e tre me ndo u s ,

s a nction s th a t s urrou nd th e fin e r in s tinct s o f ma n .

E m a ncip a t e d from gre y th e ory Fa u s t ru s h e s hungrily ,

a t th e gold e n fruit o f li fe Th e s ta rv e d p a s s ion s w ill h a ve

.

th e ir s a ti s fa ction a t w h a t e ve r cos t to poor G re tch e n The

, .

fruit turn s to a s h e s on h i s lip s The pl e a s ure i s not th a t .

o f th e thinking ma n but o f th e a ccompli s h e d poodl e he

,

h a s t a k e n fo r h i s guid e To no mom e nt in th a t intrigu e

.

c a n the s u ffra g e o f h i s w hol e n a tur e s a y St a y thou a r t ‘

, ,

fa i r ! Th a t i s the p a ct—i t i s th e di s tinc tiv e k e ynote o f

’

Go e th e s Fa u s t
’
.
’

Ca n st th o u by fa ls e h o o d or by fl a tte r y
M a ke me on e mo me n t w i th mys e lf a t pe a c e ,
Che a t m e in to tr a n i ll i t — m th e n
q u y c o e

An d w e lc o me li fe ’
s la s t d a y .

M a ke me to th e p a s s i n g mo me n t ple a d .

F ly n o t, 0 s ta
y , tho u a r t s o fa i r !
Th e n w i ll I gla d ly p e r i s h .

Th e pomp a n d po w e r o f the court luxury a n d w e a l th , ,

e qu a lly fa il to ma k e th e s chol a r a t p e a c e w it h him s e l f .

T h e y a r e s ymb o li s e d i n the p a p e r mo n e y by w hi c h
M e phi s toph e l e s r e pl e ni s h e d th e imp e ri a l e xch e qu e r The .

only a llu s ion to the printi n g pre ss w ho s e inv e ntor Fu st -

h a d b e e n s om e w h a t a s s oc ia t e d w i th F a u s t i s to sho w i ts ,

po w e r turn e d to th e w ork o f d i s tri bu ting irr e d e e m a bl e

pro mi s e s .
 H E LE N A .
35 1

A t l e n gth one d e m a nd m a d e by Fa u st m a k e s M e phi s to

p h e le s tr e mbl e : A s a m e re court a mu s e m e nt h e w ould
h a v e him ra i s e H e l e n o f Troy R e luct a nt th a t Fa u s t .

s hould look upon th e typ e o f m a n s h a rmoniou s d e v e lop

’

m e nt y e t bound to obe y M e phi s toph e l e s s e nd s him to

, ,

T H E M O TH E R S ,
— th e h e a lthy prim a l in s tinct s a n d i d e a ls

o f ma n w hich e xpre s s e d th e m s e lv e s in th e fa ir form s o f

a rt. Corrupt e d by s up e rs tition o f th e ir o w n w ors hipp e rs ,

c u rs e d by Chri s ti a nity th e y h a ve a H a d e s o f th e ir o w n
,
‘
,
’

a s M e phi s toph e l e s s a y s a n d h e i s un w illing to int e r fe r e

,

w ith th e m . T he im a ge a pp e a rs a n d the s e n s e o f B e a uty

,

i s a w a k e n e d in Fa u s t .Bu t h e i s s ti ll a chri s ti a n a s to h i s
me thod h i s id e a i s th a t h e a v e n mu s t b e t a k e n by s torm ,

by ch a nc e w i sh pra ye r a n y m e a n s e xce pt p a ti e n t fu lfi l
, , ,

me nt o f th e conditio n s by w hic h it ma y be re a ch e d .

H e l e n i s flo w e r o f th e hi s tory a n d culture o f Gre e c e ; a n d

s o lightly Fa u s t w ould pluck a n d w e a r it !

H e l e n h a vi n g v a ni s h e d a s h e tri e d to cl a s p he r Fa u s t ,

h a s l e a rn e d h i s s e cond l e s s on W h e n h e n e xt m e e t s
.

H e l e n it i s not to s e e k inte ll e ctu a l b e a uty a s in Gre tch e n s

’

ca s e h e ha d s ought the s e n s uou s a n d s e n s u a l H e ha s

, .

fa ll e n und e r a ch a rm high e r th a n th a t o f e ith e r Church or

M e phi s toph e l e s ; the divorc e o f a g e s b e t w e e n fl e s h a n d
S pirit th e m a s t e r crim e o f s up e rs tition from w hich a ll
,
-

d e vil s s pra ng w a s ove r fo r him from th e mom e n t th a t

,

h e s e e s th e s oul e mbodi e d a n d body e n s o u l e d in th e a rt

id e a l o f G re e c e .

Th e r e d e mption o f Fa u s t through A r t i s th e go s p e l o f
th e nin e t e e nth c e ntury Thi s i s h e r v e s ture w hic h H e l e n
.

l e a ve s him w h e n s he va ni s h e s a n d w h i ch b e a rs him a s
,

a clo u d to th e l a nd h e i s to m a k e b e a uti ful Th e pure s t .

— —
A r t G re e k A r t i s a n e xpre s s ion o f H u m a n ity : it c a n
a s littl e be turn e d to s a ti s fy a s e l f cultur e unhu ma ni s e d a s
-

to con s i s t w ith a s up e rs tition w hich in s ult s n a t u re W h e n .

33 : D E F E A T OF M E PH I S TOPH E L E S

Fa u s t c a n m e e t w ith H e l e n a n d pa r t w ithout a n y more ,

clutching h e i s not hurl e d b a ck to h is Gothic s tudy a n d

,

mocking d e vil a n y more : he i s born e a w a y u ntil he re a c h e s

th e l a nd w h e re h i s thought a n d w ork a r e n e e d e d Blind .

n e s s fa ll s on him —o r w h a t Th e ology d e e m s s uch : fo r it i s

—
m e ta phorica l i t m e a n s tha t he ha s d e sce n d e d from cloud s
to the w orld a n d the a ctu a l e a r t h ha s e clips e d a poss ibl e
,

immorta lity .

Th e s p he r e o f E a r th i s kn o w n e n o u gh to me
The be yo n d i s b a r r e d i mmo r ta lity
v ie w

A fo o l w h o th e r e h i s bli k i n g e ye s d i r e c te th
n ,

An d o er
’
hi s c lo u d s o f p e e rs a
p la c e ex pe c te th !
F ir m le t h i m s ta n d an d lo o ka ro u n d him w e ll !
Thi s W o r ld me a n s so me thi n g to the ca p a ble
W hy n eeds h e thr o u gh E te rn i ty to w en d?

Th e eye fo r fictitiou s w orld lo s t l e a ve s the vi s ion fo r

a ,

re a lity cl e a re r I n e ve ry h a rd ch a otic obj e ct Fa u s t c a n

.

n o w d e t e ct a s lu mb e r ing b e a uty Th e s w a mp s a n d p o ol s.

o f the unre s tr a in e d s e a th e oppr e s s e d p e opl e th e b a r r e n

, ,

n e s s a n d t e flood th e y e a p a th s to H e l e n a nobl e r
h a r ,
ll —
H e l e n th a n Gre e c e kn e w W h e n h e h a s cha nge d o n e
.

s c e n e o f Ch a o s into Ord e r a n d s e e s a fr e e p e opl e tilling

,

the h a p py e a rth th e n ind e e d h e h a s re a li s e d the tra v a i l

, , ,

o f h i s m a n hood a n d i s s a ti s fi e d
,
T o a mom e nt w hich .

M e phi stoph e l e s n e ve r brought him h e cri e s St a y tho u ,

‘
,

a r t fa ir !
’

M e phi s toph e l e s n o w a s b e com e s a cre a tion o f th e Th e o

,

logy o f obta ining w ha t i s not e a rn e d ca ll s up in fe r n a l ,

troop s to s e iz e Fa u s t s s oul but the a nge l s p e lt th e m w ith

’
,

ros e s Th e ro s e s s ting th e m w ors e th a n fl a m e s T h e

. .

ro s e s w hic h Fa u s t ha s e vok e d from bri a rs a r e hi s d e fe n c e

th e y a r e symbol s o f ma n compl e ti n g h is n a tu re by a s e l f
culture w hich find s i ts s a ti s fa ction in m a king s om e o u t
w a rd d e s e rt r e joic e a n d blo s s o m lik e the ros e .
 ( 35 3 l

C H A PT E R X XVI .

TH E W I LD H U N TSM AN .

The W i ld H u n t— E u phe mi s ms — Sc hi mme lr e i te r — Od i n w a ld— P i e d

— — —
P i pe r Lye s hy W a ld e ma r s H u n t Pa lu e H u n te r Ki n g Ab e l
— ’ ’

—
H u n t Lo r d s of G lo r u p— Le G r a n d V e n e u r — Ro be r t le D ia ble
Ar th u r —H u go —
H e m e Tr e ge a gle E lij a h s
’
D e r F r e i s c h ii tz
h
c a r io t— M a ha n Ba li — D é ha k— N i mr o d — N i mr o d s d e fi a n c e
’
of

J e h o v a h— H i s To w e r — R o
K n ights — T he D e v il i n Le i pzig
bbe r
O la f h u n ti n a
gp ga n s—H u n ti n g h o m s — R a v e n — Bo a r — H o u-
n d s

H o r s e —D a pple gr i mm— Sle ipn i r — H o r se fle sh— The ma r e Ch e ti ya

— Sta gs St H u be r t—Th e W h ite L a d y— M yths o f M o th e r Ro se
-
.

—W o d a n h u n ti n g St .
—
W a lpu r ga Fr i a r E c kha r d t .

TH E mos t import a nt re mn a nt o f the O d i n myth i s the

u n iv e rs a l l e ge nd o f th e W ild H unt s m a n Th e follo w ing .

v a ri a nts a r e giv e n by W u ttke 1

I n Ce ntra l a n d South .

G e rm a ny the W ild H unt i s commonly c a ll e d W ii te n d e n

,
.n .
,
—
H e e re i e W od a s a rmy or ch a s e c a ll e d in th e M iddl e
’

A g e s W u o ta n ge s H e e r
,
The hunt e r g e n e ra lly s u ppo s e d
.
,

to b e a bro a d during th e t w e lve nights a ft e r Chri s tm a s ,

i s va riou s ly c a ll e d W a nd W a ul W o d e j a ge r H e llj a ge r , , , ,

N ightj a ge r H a c ke lbe r g H a c ke lbe r e n d ( ma n in a rmour)

, , ,

Fro G o d e Ba n d itte r i c h J e n n e r The mos t comm o n b e li e f

, , .

i s th a t h e i s the s p e ctre o f a w ick e d lord or ki n g w h o

s a cril e gio u s ly e n joy e d th e ch a s e on S und a ys a n d oth e r

holy d a ys a n d w ho i s cond e mn e d to e xpi a t e h is s i n by

,

h unting till th e d a y o f doom H e w e a rs a bro a d b r imm e d .

-

D e r d e u tsc he V o lk sa be r gla u be d e r Ge ge n w a r t V o n D r Ad o l f W u ttke ,

1 ’
. .

P r o f d e r The o l i n H a lle
. Be r li n
. Ve r la g v o n W i e ga n d 81 G r i e he n
. 1 869 . .

VOL I I . . Z
35 4 E UPH E M I SM S

ha t; i s follo w e d by dogs a n d oth e r a n im a l s fi e ry a n d , ,

o ft e n thre e l e gge d ; a n d in hi s s p e ctra l tra in a r e the s oul s

-

o f u n b a ptiz e d childre n hunts m e n w ho h a ve trodd e n dow n

,

g ra in w itch e s a n d oth e rs — th e s e b e i n g mounte d on hors e s

, , ,

g o a t,
s a n d cock s a n d s om
,
e tim e s h e a dl e s s or w ith th e ir ,

e ntra il s dra gging b e hind th e m Th e y ru s h w ith a fe a r fu l

.

noi s e through th e a i r w hich re s ou n d s w ith the cra cking o f

,

w hip s , n e ighing o f hors e s b a rking o f dogs a n d cri e s o f

, ,

gho stly hunts m e n The unlucky w ight e ncount e re d i s

.

c a ught up into the a i r w h e re h is n e ck i s w rung or h e i s

, ,

droppe d fro m a gre a t h e ight In s om e re gion s it i s s a i d .

, ,

s uch mu s t hunt until re li e ve d but a r e not s l a in Th e h u nts

,
.

ma n i s a N e m e s i s on poa ch e rs or tre s p a s s e rs in w ood s a n d

for e s ts . Som e tim e s the s p e ctre s h a v e comb a ts w ith e a ch
oth e r ove r ba ttl e fi e ld s The ir tra ck i s m a rk e d w ith bits o f
.

ho r s e fl e s h hum a n corp s e s l e gs w it h s ho e s o n
, , I n s om e .

re gion s it i s s a id the hunt s m e n c a rry b a ttl e a xe s a n d c u t

, ,
-

dow n a ll w ho com e i n th e ir w a y W he n the hunt i s p a s s .

ing a ll dogs o n e a rth b e com e s till a n d qui e t In mo s t .

re gion s th e re i s s om e h a unte d gorg e hill or c a s tl e in w hich , ,

th e tra i n di s a p p e a rs .

I n Thuringi a it i s s a id th a t w h e n th e fe a rful noi s e s o f

, ,

the s p e ctra l hunt com e v e ry n e a r th e y ch a ng e to ra vi s hing ,

mu s ic In th e s a m e e uph e mi s tic s pirit s om e o f the prog

.

n o s ti c a ti o n s it bri n g s a r e not e vil : g e n e ra lly ind e e d th e , ,

a pp a rition port e nd s w a r p e s til e nc e a n d fa min e but fr e

, , ,

qu e n tly it a nnounc e s a fruit ful y e a r I f i n p a s s ing a .

,

hou s e o n e o f the tra in dip s hi s finge r in the ye a s t th e

, ,

s t a ff o f li fe w ill n e v e r be w a nting in th a t hou s e W hoe ve r .

s e e s th e ch a s e w ill liv e long s a y the Boh e mi a n s ; bu t h e ,

mu st not h a il it l e s t fl e s h a n d bone s ra in upon h i m

, .

I n mo s t re gion s ho w e ve r th e re i s thought to be gre a t

, ,

d a nge r in proxi mity to the hu n t The p e rils a r e gu a rd e d .

a g a in s t by pro s tra tion on the e a rth fa c e do w n w a rd pra y ,

 OD I N WALD .
355

in g m e a n w hil e ; by s ta ndi n g on a w hite cloth ( Be rth a s ’

lin e n ) or w ra pping th e s a m e a round the h e a d ; by putting

,

th e h e a d b e t w e e n the s pok e s o f a w h e e l by pl a ci n g pa lm
le a v e s on a ta bl e The hunt ma y be ob s e rv e d s e cure ly
.

from the cros s ro a d s w hich it s hun s or by s t a nding on

-
, ,

a s tu mp m a rk e d w ith thre e cro s s e s — a s i s o ft e n don e b

y
w oodcutt e rs i n South G e rm a n y .

W od a n a l s o a pp e a rs in the Schimm e lre it e r —h e a dl e s s

r id e r on a w hit e hors e i n Sw a bi a ca ll e d Ba c hr e i te r or
,

J u nke r Ja ke le Thi s a ppa rition s om e tim e s drive s a c a r

.

r i a g e dra w n by four w hit e ( or bl a ck) ho rs e s u s u a lly h e a d ,

l e s s H e i s the t e rribl e fore s t s p e ctre H o i ma n n a gi a nt

. ,

i n broa d bri mm e d h a t w ith moss a n d lich e n fo r b e a rd ; h e

-
,

ri d e s a h e a dl e ss w hite hors e through the a i r a n d h is w a il ,

i n g cry H o i hoi, m e a n s th a t hi s re ign is e nd e d H e i s

, .

th e bugb e a r o f childre n .

I n the Od in w a ld a r e the R i es en a a le a n d R ze s e n a lta r

'

w ith mys tic m a rks d e cl a ring th e m re lics o f a t e mpl e o f

Odin N e a r E rba ch i s Ca stl e R od e n s t e in the ve r y fo r

.
,

tre s s o f th e W ild J a ge r to w hich h e pa ss e s W i th h is horrid

'

tra in from the ruin s o f Sc hn e lle r t The vill a ge o f R e ich e l .

s h e i m h a s on file the a ffid a vit s o f th e p e o pl e w h o h e a rd

him j u s t be fore th e ba ttl e s o f L e ipzig a n d W a t e rloo .

Th e ir th e ory i s th a t i f th e J a ge r re turn s s w i ftly to Sc hn e l

l e rt a ll w ill go w e ll fo r G e rm a ny ; but i f he ta rry a t R od e n
s t e in ti s a n om e n o f e vil H e w a s re port e d n e a r Fra nk
’
.

fort i n 1 832 but it i s nota bl e th a t no m e ntion o f him w a s

ma d e during th e l a t e Fra nco G e rm a n w a r -
.

A s om e w h a t l a t e r a n d ra tion a li s e d va ri a nt re l a t e s tha t
th e w ild hunts m a n w a s H a c ke lbe r g th e L ord o f R od e n ,

s t e in w ho s e tomb
,
— l a s e —
re a l y a ruidic l ton i s s how n a t
D
the c a s tl e a n d s a id to be gu a rd e d by h e ll hound s H a ck e l
,
-

be rg i s o f old h is Brun s w ick n a m e It w a s the H a ck e l .

b e rg H i ll th a t op e n e d to re ce ive the childre n w hich the ,

35 6 L YE SH I E S .

Pi e d P i p e r o f H a m e li n ch a rm e d a w a y w ith hi s flute from

tha t old tow n b e c a u se the c orpora tion w ould not p a y him
.

w h a t th e y h a d promi s e d fo r ridding th e m o f r a t s It i s .

e a s y to tra c e thi s Pi e d Pip e r w h o h a s b e com e s o fa mili a r

,

through M r R obe r t Brow ning s ch a rming po e m to the

.
’

Odin o f more bl e ss e d m e mory w h o s a ys in the H a v a ma l

, ,

‘
I know a s o ng by w hich I s oft e n a n d e nch a nt my e n e ~

m i e s a n d re nd e r th e ir w e a pon s o f no e ffe ct
, .
’

Thi s l a tt e r a s pe ct o f Odin h i s comm a nd ove r v e rmin

, ,

conn e cts hi m w ith the Sla vonic L y e s hy or fore s t d e mon o f

,
-

th e R u s s i a s . The a nci e nt thu n d e r god o f R u s s i a P e r u n

-

, ,

w h o rid e s in h i s s torm ch a riot through th e s ky h a s i n t

-

, he
more chri s ti a n i s e d di s tricts dropp e d h is m a ntl e o n Ily a
( E li a s ); w hil e in th e gre a t e r numb e r o f S l a vonic di s trict s

h e h a s h e ld h i s origin a l phy s ica l ch a ra ct e rs s o re m a rk a bly

th a t it ha s be e n n e c e s sa ry to incl u d e him a mong d e mo n s .

I n Sl a vo n i a n Folklore the fa mili a r m y th o f the w ild hunts

—
ma n i s di s tribut e d V l a dimir th e G re a t fulfil s o n e p a r t o f
it by s till holding high re ve l in the h a ll s o f K i e f but h e i s ,

n o hunt s m a n ; P e run cours e s noi s ily through the a i r but ,

h e i s r a th e r b e n e vol e n t th a n oth e r w i s e ; the di a bolica l

ch a ra ct e ri s tics o f the s up e rs tition h a ve fa ll e n to th e e vil
hu n ts m e n ( Ly e s h i e s ) w h o k e e p th e w ild cre a ture s a s th e ir
,

flock s the s a m e a s s h e ph e rd s th e ir h e rd s a n d w hom e v e ry

, ,

hunt s m a n mu s t propiti a t e The Ly e s hy i s g iga n tic w e a rs

.
,

a s h e e p s kin h a s o n e e y e w ithout e y e bro w or e y e l a s h

, ,

h o rn s fe e t o f a go a t i s cove re d w ith gre e n h a ir a n d h i s

, , ,

fi n ge r n a il s a r e cl a w s
-
. H e i s s p e c ia l prot e ctor o f the b e a rs
a n d w olve s .

I n D e nm a rk the s a m e myth a pp e a rs a s K ing Vo lme r s

'

H unt . W a ld e m a r w a s s o p a ss ion a t e ly fond o f the ch a s e

t ha t he s a i d i f the L ord w ould o n ly le t h i m hunt fo r e v e r
n e a r Gurre (h is ca s tl e in the north o f Se e la nd ) h e w o u ld ,

n o te n v y h i m h i s p a ra di s e . For thi s bl a s ph e mou s w i s h h e

 W A LD E M A R ’
S H U N 73 35 7

is cond e mn e d to hunt b e t w e e n Burre a n d Gurre fo r e ve r .

H i s c a va lca d e i s much like t h a t a lre a dy d e s crib e d Vo l .

me r rid e s a s now w hite ch a rge r pre c e d e d by a p a ck o f

-

co a l bl a ck hound s a n d he ca rri e s h is h e a d und e r h is l e ft

-

arm . On St John the w om e n ope n ga te s fo r him It i s

. .

b e li e v e d tha t he i s a llow e d bri e f re pos e a t o n e a n d a noth e r

o f h i s old se a t s a n d it i s s a id s p e ctra l se rv a n t s a r e s om e
,

ti m e s s e e n pre p a ring th e ruin e d c a s tl e a t V ordingborg

fo r him or a t W a ld e m a r s To w e r A s c e ptica l p e a s a nt
’
.
,

re s olve d to pa s s the night in thi s to w e r A t midnight the .

K ing e nt e r e d a n d th a nking him fo r looki n g a fte r h is

, ,

to w e r ga ve h i m a gold pi e c e w hich burn e d through h i s

“

h a nd a n d fe ll to th e grou n d a s a co a l On the oth e r h a nd .

,

W a ld e ma r s om e tim e s m a k e s p e a s a nts hold his d o g s a n d ,

a fte r w a rd s thro w s th e m co a l s w hich turn out to be gold

p i e c es .

Th e Pa ln a to k e or Pa ln e H unt e r a pp e a rs mos tly in the

i s l a nd o f F u e n E ve ry N e w Y e a r s night h e s uppli e s
’
.

h im s e l f w ith thre e hors e s ho e s from s om e s mithy a n d

-

th e s mith t a k e s c a r e th a t h e ma y find th e m re a dy fo r u s e
o n h i s a nvil a s h e a l w a y s l e a v e s thre e gold pi e c e s in
,

th e ir s te a d I f th e s ho e s a r e not re a dy fo r him h e c a rri e s

.
,

th e a nvil o ff I n o n e in s ta n c e h e l e ft a n a nvil on th e to p
.

o f a churc h to w e r a n d it c a u s e d th e s mith gr e a t troubl e

,

to ge t it do w n a ga in .

K i n g A b e l w a s i n t e rre d a ft e r h i s d e a th in S t P e t e r s
’
.

C hurch in Sle s w i g but the fra tricid e could find n o p e a c e

,

i n hi s gra ve H i s gho s t w a lk e d a bout in the night a n d

.

d i s turb e d th e monk s in th e ir d e votion s Th e body w a s .

fi n a lly re move d from th e church a n d s unk in a foul bog ,

n e a r Gottorp To ke e p him do w n e ffe ctive ly a poin te d

.
,

s t a k e w a s drov e through h i s body Th e s p ot i s s till c a ll e d

.

K d n igs gr a be N ot w ith s t a nding thi s h e a pp e a rs s e a t e d on

.
,

a co a l bl a ck ch a rge r fol lo w e d by a p a ck o f bl a ck hound s

-

,
35 3 LE GR A N D VE N E UR .

w ith e y e s a n d tongu e s o f fir e The ga t e s a r e h e a rd sla m

.

ming a n d op e ning a n d the s hri e ks a n d ye ll s a r e s uch

,

th a t th e y a ppa l the stoute s t h e a rts .

A t the a nci e nt c a pit a l o f Fu e n Od e n s e s a id to h a ve , ,

be e n built by Odin th e myth h a s b e e n re duc e d to a

,

s p e ctra l Chri s tm a s night e quip a g e w hich i ss u e s from S t

-

,
.

Ca n u te s Church a n d p a s s e s to th e a nci e nt m a nor hou se

’
-

o f G lo ru p It i s a s pl e ndid ca rri a ge dra w n by s ix bl a ck

.
,

hors e s w ith fi e ry tongu e s a n d in it a r e s e a te d the Lord s

,

o f Glo r u p fa mou s fo r th e ir cru e lty to p e a s a nt s a n d n o w

, ,

not a bl e to re s t i n the church w h e re th e y w e re int e rre d .

It i s o f e vil om e n to w itn e s s the s pe cta cl e : a ma n w h o

w a tch e d fo r it w a s s truck blind .

I n Fra nce L e Gr a n d Ve n e u r b e a rs va riou s n a m e s ; he is

K ing A rthur Sa int H ub e rt H ugo
, H i s a ll e ge d a pp e a r
, .

a n c e s w ithin hi s toric tim e s h a v e b e e n s o s trongly a tt e s t e d

th a t va riou s a tte mpt s h a ve b e e n m a d e to give th e m

r a tion a l e xpl a n a tion s Thu s Ch a rl e s V I o f Fra nc e w h e n
. .
,

going to w a r i n Bre t a gn e is s a id to h a ve b e e n me t by
,

s uch a s pe ctre in th e Fore s t o f M a n s a n d be ca m e in s a n e ; ,

h e b e li e ve d him s e l f to h a ve b e e n th e victim o f s orc e r y a s ,

did m a ny o f h i s s ubj e cts It ha s be e n s a id th a t th e K ing

.

w a s me t by a di s gui s e d e mi s s a ry o f th e D u c d e Bre ta gn e .

M ore p a rtic u l a r a ccount s a r e give n o f th e a pp a rition o f

the W ild H unt s m a n to H e nry I V w h e n h e w a s hu nting .

w it h th e Comte d e Soi s s on s in the Fore s t o f Fonta in e

bl e a u a n e ve nt comm e mora t e d by L a Croix d u Gra nd
,

V e n e ur A ccording to M a tthi e u both the K ing a n d the

’
1
.
,

Count h e a rd th e cri e s o f the hunt a n d w h e n th e Count

'

w e nt to di s cove r th e ir origi n the t e rribl e d a rk figure s tood

,

forth a n d cri e d You w i s h to s e e me th e n b e hold

,
‘
Thi s ,

incid e nt h a s b e e n e xpl a in e d va riou s ly a s a proj e ct o f ,

a s sa s s in a tion or a s th e j e s t o f tw o fe llo w s w h o in 1 596

, , ,

1
H is to ire d e Fa
r n c e e t de s Cho ses M émo ra bles , &c
’
.
 M YTH I CAL SLE E PE R S .
35 9

w e er a mu s i n g P a ri s by th e ir s kill i n imita ting a ll the

s ound s o f a hunt Bu t s uch ph a ntom s h a d too long
.

h u n t e d through th e im a gin a tion o f the Fr e nch p e a sa ntry

fo r a n y e x pl a n a tion to be re quire d R ob e rt le D i a bl e .
,

w a nd e ring in N orm a ndy till judgm e nt d a y a n d K ing -

A rthur a t a n e a rly d a t e dom e s tic a t e d i n Fra nce a s a

,

s p e ctra l hunt s m a n (th e figure mo s t popul a rly id e ntifi e d a t

th e tim e w ith the ph a ntom s e e n by H e nry a r e s u fli

ci e nt e xpl a n a tio n s The ruin s o f A rthur s Ca s tl e n e a r

.
’

H u e lgo a t F i n is tér e w e re long b e li e ve d to hid e e nor mou s

, ,

t re a s u re s gu a rd e d by d e mon s w ho a pp e a r s om e tim e s a s
, ,

fi e ry lights (zgn e s o w l s buzz a rd s a n d ra ve n s—o n e , ,

o f th e l a tt e r b e ing th e for m i n w hich A rthur com e s fro m

h i s h a ppy V a l e o f A va llon w h e n h e w ould va ry i ts re po s e ,

w ith a hunt
1
.

A s u fli c i e n tly curiou s int e rch a ng e o f s uch s upe rs tition s

1
The u n i v e r sa l Sle e pe r s, — c hr is ti a n i se d i n the myth o f St J o h n ,
myth o f .

a n d o f th e S e v e n w ho se slu m b e r i s tr a c e a b le a s fa r a s T o u rs,
— ha d a d i r e c t
d v e lo pme n t i n J a mi, Ba r ba r o ssa , Ar thu r , a n d t h e i r ma n y v a ri a n t I t
p a ga n e s .

i s the le ge n d o f the Ca s tle o f Se w i n gs h i e lds i n N o r thu mbe r la n d , tha t K in g

A r thur , his qu e e n a n d c o u r t, r e ma i n the r e i n a s u b te r ra n e a n ha ll, e n tr a n c e d ,
un til so me o n e sh o u ld fir s t blo w a bugle -
ho rn n ea r the e n tra n c e ha ll, an d th en
w i th the sw o rd o f the ston e c u ta ga r ter p la ce d the r e be si d e it. Bu t n o n e
ha d e v er he a r d w he r e the en tra n ce to th is e n c ha n ted ha ll w a s, till a fa r me r ,
fifty y e a rs sin c e , w a s si tti n g k n i tti n g o n the r u i n s of the ca stle , and his c le w

fe ll a n d ra n d o w n w a r d s thr o u gh b r ia r s i n to a d e e p su bte rra n e a n pa ssa ge He .

c lea r e d th e po rta l o f i ts w e ed s a n d ru bbi sh ,

an d en te r in g a v a u lte d p a ss a e ,
g
fo llo w e d th e c le w The fl o o r w a s i n fe s te d w i th to a d s a n d liza r d s ; a n d ba ts fl i tte d
.

fe a r fu lly a r o u n d hi m At le n gth his s i n k i n g c o u r a ge w a s stre n gthe n e d by a

.

d i m, d is ta n t ligh t, w hi c h, a s he a d v a n c ed , gr e w gra d u a lly br ighte r , ti ll a ll a t

o n ce he en te r e d a v as t a n d v a u lte d ha ll, i n th e ce n tr e o f w h ic h a fir e , w i tho u t

fu e l, fr o m a br o a d cr e v i c e i n the flo o r , bla ze d w i th a h igh an d la mbe n t fl a me ,

tha t s ho w e d a ll th e ca r v e d w a lls a nd fr e tte d r o o f, a n d the mo n a r c h an d h is
u n a n d c o u r t r e po s in g a r o un d in a th e a tr e o f th r o n e s an d c o s tly c o uc he s.
q e e

O n th e flo o r , be yo n d the fir e , la y the fa i thfu l a n d d e e p to n e d p a c k o f thi r ty -

c o u ple o f h o u n ds ; a n d o n a ta b le be fo r e i t th e s e ll disso lv i n h
p g o r n , sw o r , d
-

an d ga r te r . The fir mly gr a spe d the sw o r d , a n d a s he d r e w i tfr o m

sh e phe r d

i ts ru s ty sca bb a r d the e yes o f the mo n a r c h a n d hi s c o u r ti e rs be ga n to o pe n ,

and t h e y r o se till the y sa t u pr igh t H e c u t the ga r te r , a n d a s the s w o r d w a s
.

slo w ly she a the d the spe ll a ssu me d i ts a n c i en t p o w e r , a n d the y a ll gra d ua lly

36 0 H UG O .

is repre se nt e d i n the follow ing e xtra ct fro m S urte e s

‘
Si r A nthon Be k bu s s h o p o f D u r e me in th e ty me o f
,

K ing E d u a r d e th e s o n o f K ing H e nry w a s the m a i s t

, ,
.

p r o w d a n d m a s t e r ful ! b u ss h o p in a ll E ngl a nd a n d i t w a s ,

c o m o n ly s a id th a t h e w a s th e p r o w d e s t lord o f Chri s
’

ti e n ty It ch a unc e d th a t e mong oth e r l e w d p e rs on s th is

.
,

s i r A nthon e nt e rt a in e d a t h i s cou rt o n e H ugh d e Po u n t

cha rdon th a t fo r h i s e vil ! d e e d s a n d m a ni fold robbe ri e s

,

h a d b e e n drive n out o f the I n gli s c he cou rt e a n d h a d com e ,

from the s o u the to s e e k a littl e bre a d a n d to liv e by s t a y ,

l ing e A n d to thi s H ugh e w hom a l s o h e i mp lo y e d to

.
,

good purpos e in th e w a rr o f Scotl a nd the bu ss h o p ga ve ,

the l a nd o f T h i k ley ,
—
s inc e o f hi m c a ll e d Th ik le y Punt

ch a rdon a n d a l s o m a d e him h i s c hi e fe hunts m a n A n d

,
.

a ft e r thi s bl a k e H ugh e di e d a for e th e bu s s h o p ; a n d e ft e r

,

th a t the bu ss ho p ch a s id th e w ild h a rt in Ga ltr e s fore s t ,

a n d s o d a i n ly th e r me t w ith hi m H ugh d e Pontch a rdon ,

th a t w a s a fore d e id o n a w yth e hors e ; a n d th e s a id H ugb e

,

l ok e d e a rn e s tly o n th e b u s s ho p a n d the b u s s ho p s a id unto ,

him H ugh e w h a t ma k e the th e e h e re ? a n d h e s p a k e

,
‘
,
’

n e ve r w ord but li ft e u p h i s clok e a n d th e n h e s ho w e d s i r

, ,

A nton h is ribb e s s e t w ith bon e s a n d noth ing more ; a n d ,

n on e oth e r o f th e v a rl e t s s a w him but the b u s s ho p only ;

a nd y s a id H ugh e w e nt h i s w a y a n d s i r A nton tok e

°
,

cora ge a n d ch e e re d the d o gge s a n d s hortly e fte r h e w a s

,

ma d e Pa tr i a r q u e o f H i e r u s a le m a n d h e s a m e nothing n o ,

sa n k to r e s t; bu t n o t b e fo re the mo n a r c h ha d lifte d up his e ye s a n d ha n d s

an d e x c la ime d
O wo b e e ti d e tha t e v i l da y
On w h i c h th is w i tle ss w i ht w a s
g bo r n ,
Who d re w th e sw o rd —the ga r te r c u t,
Bu tn e v e r ble w the bu gle ho rn .

Te rr o r br o u ght o n lo ss of me mo r y, and the she phe rd w a s un a ble to gi v e a n y

c o r r e c ta cco u n t o f hi s a d v e n tu r e , o r to fin d a ga in the e n tra n c e to the e n c ha n te d
—
ba lk Hodgson
’
s N or tl mn r ber la n d .
 H R E
E N — R —
G A R E TT TR E GE A GLE 6
.
3 1

mo e ; a n d thi s H u gh i s
him th a t th e s illy p e opl e in Ga ltr e s

d o e c a ll le Gr os Ven eu r a n d h e w a s s e e n t w ic e e fte r th a t
,

b y s impl e folk a fore y th e fore s t w a s fe ll e d in the ty me

,
a t

o f H e n r y fa th e r o f K ing H e nry
’
a t
, y n o w y s .

A n d it w a s from thi s u nc a nny fe llo w th a t the pro

te s ta n ts o f Fra nc e hunt e d by the lik e o f him a cquire d
, ,

th e n a m e — H ugu e not s— n o w ri s e n to honour .

T h e l e g e nd o f th e W ild H unts m a n ting e s m a ny old

E n gli s h s tori e s H e rn e the H unt e r ma y b e id e ntifi e d
.
, ,

w ith him a n d th e d e mon s

,
w ith gho s tly a n d h e a dl e s s
,

w i s h ho u nd s w h o s till hunt e vil do e rs ov e r D a rtmoor on

-

,
-

s tormy night s a r e h i s r e l a tion s

,
The w ith e r e d look o f .

h ors e s gr a zing on P e nz a nc e Common w a s onc e e xpl a in e d

by th e ir b e ing ridd e n by d e mon s a n d the fi r e bre a thi n g ,
-

h ors e ha s fou n d i ts w a y by m a ny w e ird rout e s to th e

s e rvic e o f th e E xci s e m a n in th e Ingold s by L e ge nd s or ’
,

t h a t o f E a rl Ga rre tt w ho rid e s round the Curra gh o f

,

K ild a re on a s t e e d w ho s e inch thick s ilv e r s ho e s mu s t -

w e a r a s thin a s a c a t s e a r e r e h e fights th e E ngli s h a n d

’

re ign s ov e r I re l a nd The Te utonic myth a pp e a rs ve ry

.

pl a inly in the s tory o f Tre ge a gl e Thi s ma n tra ce d to .

,

a n old Corni s h fa mily i s s a id to h a ve b e e n o n e o f th e

,

w ick e d e s t me n th a t e v e r liv e d ; but though h e h a d d i s

p o s e d o f h i s s oul to th e D e vil th e e vil o n e w a s b a ulk e d by ,

th e pot e ncy o f St P e troc . Thi s h o w e v e f w a s o n con

.
, ,

dition o f Tr e ge a gle s l a bouring a t the impo s s ibl e t a s k o f

’

cl e a ri n g the s a nd from Porthcurnow Cove a t w hich w ork ,

h e ma y s till be h e a rd gro a ning w h e n w ind a n d w a v e a r e

high W h e n e v e r h e tri e s to s n a tch a mom e nt s re s t the
.
’

d e mon i s a t libe rty to purs u e him a n d th e y ma y be h e a rd ,

on s tormy nights in hot purs uit o f the poor cre a ture ,

w ho s e bull lik e ro a r p a s s e d into th e Corni s h prov e rb

-
to ,

ro a r lik e Tre g e a gl e .
’

On a pl e a s a nt Sund a y e ve ning in July 1 86 8 I w itn e s se d ,

36 2 D E R F R E I S CH U TZ .

D e r F r e is c h u tz in the n e w ly ope n e d ope ra h o us e a t - -

L e ipzig N e ve r e l s e w h e re h a ve I s e e n s uch compl e t e ne s s

.

a n d s pl e n dour in the w e ird e ffe ct s o f th e in fe rn a l s c e n e i n

th e W ol f s Gl e n W hite L a dy s ta rt e d forth a t
’
Th e
’
.

e ve r y s t e p o f Ca s p a r s d e s c e nt to the gl e n w a rning hi m
’
,

ba ck Z a mi e l ins te a d o f th e fi e ry ga rb he onc e w ore a s

.
,

Sa m a e l w a s a rra y e d i n ra im e nt bl a ck a s night ; a n d w h e n
,

the m a gic bull e t w a s mould e d th e s ta g e s w a rm e d w ith ,

hug e r e ptil e s fi e ry s e rp e nts cra w l e d on the ground a

, ,

dra gon dra w n ch a riot w ith w h e e l s o f fir e drive n by a

-

, ,

s k e l e ton p a s s e d through th e a i r ; a n d th e w ild hunts m a n s

’

ch a s e com p ose d o f a ni ma l s re a l to the e y e a n d utte rin g

,

th e ir di s ti n gui s h a bl e cri e s hurri e d p a s t The a ni ma l s , .

r e pre se nte d w e re the hors e hound bo a r s ta g Ch a moi s , , , , ,

ra ve n ba t o w l a n d th e y ru s h e d a mid the w ild bl a s t o f

, , ,

horn s .

I could but m a r ve l a t the y e t more s tra nge a n d w e i rd

hi s tory o f the hum a n im a gin a tion through w hich ha d
fl i tte d from the va ri e d re gion s o f a primitive w orld th e
, ,

s h a p e s combin e d in thi s a poth e o s i s o f di a bl e ri e Proba bly .

i f E lij a h in hi s fir e ch a ri ot pre a ch e d a bout in the n e ig h

-

b o u r i n g church th a t morning a n d thi s w ild hu nt s ma n ,

c a re e rin g in th e op e ra h a d look e d clo s e ly a t e a ch oth e r ,

a n d a t th e ir o w n hi s tory th e y might h a v e found a c o m ,

mon a n ce s tor in the mythica l M a ha n Ba li o f Indi a th e ,

king w ho s e a u s t e riti e s ra i s e d i n po w e r till h e e xcit e d th e

j e a lou s y o f the god s until V i s hnu cru s he d him w ith h i s ,

h e e l i n to the in fe rna l re gion s w h e re h e s till e x e rci s e s s ove ,

r e i gn ty a n d i s p e rmitt e d to i s s u e
,
forth fo r a n a nn u a l
c a re e r (a t the On a m fe s ti v a l ) a s d e s cribe d in South e y s ,
’

Curs e o f K e h a ma A n d th e y might prob a bly bot h

‘ ’
.

cl a im mythologic a l re l a tion s hip w ith Ya mi lord o f d e a th , ,

w h o a s J a mi b e g a n in P e r s i a th e c a re e r o f a ll w a rrio r s
, ,

th a t n e ve r di e d but s om e tim e s s l e e p till a m a gi c horn

,
 AN I M AL S A N D SA GE S . 6
3 3

s h a ll a w a k e n th e m s om e tim e s d w e ll lik e J a mi him s e l f a n d

, ,

K ing A rthur in h a ppy i s l e s a n d in oth e r c a s e s i ss u e forth

, ,

a t c e rta in p e riod s fo r th e ch a s e or fo r w a r — lik e Odin a n d

—
W a ld e m a r w ith a n in fe rn a l tra in .

But ho w did the s e mighty prince s a n d w a rriors b e com e

d e mon hunts m e n
I n the P e rs i a n D e s a ti r it i s re la t e d th a t the a nim a l s
’

c ont e s t e d the s up e riority o f ma n th e tw o ord e rs o f b e ing s ,

be ing r e pre se nt e d by th e ir re s p e ctive s a g e s a n d the l a s t ,

a nim a l to s p e a k oppo s e d th e cl a im o f h i s oppon e nt th a t

ma n a tta in e d e l e va tion to the n a ture o f a ng e l s w ith th e ,

re ma rk In h i s putting to d e a th o f a n im a l s a n d Simi
,
‘

la r a cts ma n r e s e mble th th e b e a s ts o f pre y a n d not ,

a ng e l s
’
.

T he proph e t o f the w orld th e n s a id W e d e e m it s in fu l ,

to kill h a rml e s s but right to s l a y ra v e nou s a ni ma l s W e re

, , .

a ll ra v e nou s a nim a l s to e nt e r into a comp a ct not to kill

h a rml e ss a nim a l s w e w ould a b s t a in from s l a ying th e m

, ,

a n d hold th e m d e a r a s ours e lve s

’
.

Upon thi s the w ol f ma d e a tre a ty w ith th e r a m a n d the ,

lion b e c a m e fri e nd o f the s ta g N o tyra nny w a s l e ft in.

th e w orld till ma n ( D e h a k ) brok e th e tre a ty a n d be g a n to

,

k ill a nim a l s In con s e q u e nce o f thi s non e ob s e rve d the

.
,

tre a ty e xce pt th e h a rml e s s a nim a l s 1

.

Thi s fa bl e fro m the A ry a n s id e ma y be r e ga rd e d a s

, ,

s ho w i n g th e r e a s on o f th e e vil r e put e w hich g a th e re d

a round t h e n a m e o f D e h a k or Zoh a k
.
Th e e a ting o f .

a nim a l food w a s a mong our A ry a n a nc e s tors proba b ly th e

provi s ion a l commi s s a ri a t o f a p e opl e migra ting from th e ir

origin a l Iza bzta t Th e a nim a l s s l a in fo r food h a d a ll th e ir
'

Th i s gr e a t d iscu ssi o n be tw ee n the a n i ma ls a n d sa ge s i s giv e n i n The

1 ‘

Sa c r e d An tho lo gy ( Lo n d o n : Tr ii bn e r 81 Co
’
N e w Y o r k : H e n r y H o lt
.

I t i s a v e r y a n c i e n t s to r y, a n d w a s p ro ba bly w r i tte n d o w n a t the

be gi n n i n g o f the c hr i sti a n e r a .
 6
3 4 D E H AK .

origin a l cons e cra tion a n d e ve n th e fe rociou s w e re l a rg e l y

,

inve s te d w ith a w e The w oodcutt e rs o f B e ng a l invok e

.

Ka lr a y u — n u a rch e r tig e r mount e d — to prot

-
e ct th e m
a g a in s t th e w ild b e a s t s h e ( a form o f Siva ) i s s up p os e d

to e xt e rmin a t e ; but w hile the e xte rmina tor o f th e mos t

d a nge rou s a nim a l s ma y a lb e it w ithout w a r ra nt in th e
,

Sha s tr be re s p e ct e d i n Indi a the hunt s m a n i s g e n e ra lly o f

, ,

e vil re put e The g e ntl e K ri s hn a w a s s a id to h a ve be e n

.

s l a in by a n a rro w from the bo w o f U n gu d u a hu n ts m a n , ,

w h o l e ft th e body to rot und e r a tre e w h e re it fe ll th e ,

bo n e s be ing th e s a cre d re lic s fo r w hich the im a ge o f

J gu e r n a th a t Ori s s a w a s co n s truct e d 1
.

It i s not know n a t w h a t pe riod th e notion o f tr a n s mi

r a t i n a ro s e but th a t mu s t h a ve m a d e h i m a p p e a r c a n
g o ,

n i ba li s ti c w h o firs t hunt e d a n d d e voure d a nim a l s S uch .

w a s th e P e rs i a n Z oh a k (or D e h a k ) H i s B a byloni a n for m .

,

N imrod r e pre s e nte d a ls o the ch a ra ct e r o f E s a u a s hun ts

, ,

ma n ; tha t i s the primitiv e e n e my o f the fa rm e r a n d o f

, ,

th e comm e rc e in gra in s ; the pre s e rve r o f w ildn e s s a n d ,

con s e qu e ntly o f a ll tho se primitive a borigin a l idol a tri e s

w hich linge r in the h e a th s ( w h e nc e h e a th e n ) a n d country

vill a ge s (w he nc e p a ga n s) long a fte r th e y h a ve p a s s e d a w a y

from the c e ntre s o f civili s a tion H unting i s e s s e nti a ll y
.

b a rba rou s Th e w illingn e s s o f s om e hunts m e n e ve n n o w

.
,

w h e n thi s s e riou s occup a tion o f a n e a rly p e riod h a s b e com e

a s port to s a crific e not only a nim a l li fe to th e ir pl e a s u re

, ,
'

but a l s o the inte re s ts o f l a bour a n d a gr ic u ltu r e r e n d e r s i t ,

ve ry e a s y fo r u s to und e rs ta nd the tra n s form a tion o f N i m

rod into a d e mon In the H e bre w a n d A ra bi a n l e g e nd s
.

conc e rning N imrod th a t mighty hunte r is s ho w n a s

,
‘ ’

1
I t is a stra n ge p r o o f o f the ign o r a n ce c o n ce r n i n g H in d u r e ligi o n tha t

J u ge r n a th , ra i se d in a se n se fo r r e pr o ba ti o n o f c ru e lty to ma n and be a s t,
s ho u ld ha v e be e n ma de by a miss i o n a ry myth a W e ste r n p r o ver b fo r hu ma n
sa c r i fic e s !
 N I M R OD . 6
3 5

re al te d to the w ild e le m e nts a n d th e ir w ors hipp e r W he n .

A bra h a m ha vi n g brok e n the im a ge s o f h is fa th e r w a s

, ,

brought by Te ra h be fore N imrod th e K ing s a id L e t u s , ,

w ors hip the fi r e

R a th e r th e w a t e r th a t qu e nch e s the fi r e sa id A bra ha m

’
.
,

W e ll th e w a te r
,
.
’

R a th e r th e cloud th a t c a rri e s the w a t e r

’
.

W e ll the cloud
, .
’

R a th e r the w ind th a t s c a tt e rs the cloud

’
.

W e ll the w ind
, .
’

R a th e r ma n fo r h e w ith s ta n d s th e w ind
’
.
,

Thou a r t a b a bbl e r s a id N imrod I w ors hip the fir e

’
.
,

a n d w ill c a s t th e e into it
’
.

W h e n A bra h a m w a s c a s t into th e fi e ry furn a c e by

N imrod a n d on th e s e ve nth d a y a ft e r w a s fo u nd s ittin g
,

a mid th e ro s e s o f a g a rd e n th e mighty hunt e r — h a te r o f

,

a rd e n s — r e s olv e d on a d a ring hunt fo r A bra h a m s God

’

g
h im s e l f . H e built a to w e r fi v e thou s a nd cubit s high but ,

fi nding h e a ve n s till fa r a w a y h e a tt a ch e d a c a r to tw o h a lf ,

s t a rve d e a gl e s a n d by h o lding m e a t a bove th e m th e y fl e w

,

u p w a rd until N imrod h e a rd a voi c e s a ying

,
Godl e s s ma n , ,

w hith e r go e s t thou ? Th e a ud a ciou s ma n s hot a n a rro w

’

i n the dire ction o f th e voice ; the a rrow re turn e d to him

s t a in e d w ith blood a n d N imrod b e li e v e d th a t h e h a d
,

w ou n d e d A bra h a m s G o d
’
.

H e w ho hunt e d th e unive rs e w a s d e s troye d by o n e o f

th e w e a k e s t o f a nim a t e d be ing s — a fly In th e a s piri n g .

fl y w hich a tt a ck e d N i mrod s lip a n d th e n n o se a n d fi n a lly

’

, ,

d e v oure d h i s bra in th e M o s l e m a n d H e bre w doctors s a w

,

th e fitt e s t e n d o f o n e w hos e a dv e nturou s s pirit h a d not

s topp e d to a tta ck a nim a l s ma n A bra h a m a n d A ll a h , , ,

h im se l f .

But though in o n e s e n s e d e s troy e d N imrod s a y va riou s

, , , ,

my th s ma y be h e a rd tumbling a n d gro a ning a bout the

,
 TH E ABB O T S R E VE LA TI ON S
’
2 9 6 .

H odge long a s you r tw o a rm e s Sa w y

. As . e

fry e r R u s h e
P a inte d on cloth w ith a s id e long cow e s ta y le
,
’

A n d crook e d clove n fe e t a n d ma ny a hooke d n a y ,

For a ll the w orld (i f I s hould j u dge ) s ho u ld r e c ko

hi s broth e r ;
Loke e ve n w h a t fa ce fry e r R u s h e ha d the d e v x
, ,

s uch a noth e r .

I n the s ce n e o f Chri s t s d e live ring s oul s fro m purga ’ ‘

the D e vil i s re pre s e nt e d a s blo w ing lu s tily a horn to a

h i s comra d e s a n d crying ,
Out o u t a r o n zt to ,
‘
, ,

i n va d e r H e fights w ith a th re e pronge d fork H e

.
-
.

h i s victim s a r e pa int e d bl a ck i n cont ra s t w ith th e

1
,
S

of t h e sa ve d w hich a r e w hit e,
Th e h a ir w a s c o n s i d . .

ve ry importa nt W h e n he w e nt to b a ttl e e ve n h is 1
11
.
,

n a ture w a s s om e tim e s re pre s e nt e d in a w a y th a t

ha ve be e n more ludicrou s th a n impr e s s ive 11

.

The i n s ign i fic a n c e to w hich th e pri e s ts h a d re duc e d

d e vil in the pl a ys w h e re th e y w e re u s u a lly th e s e
,
'

re fl e cte d th e ir o w n pe tty routin e o f li fe Th e y coul d u .

c e iv e o f nothing more t e rribl e th a n th e ir o w n m e a n ! 1

h a ps a n d loca l obs tru ctions On e gre a t o ffice o f the D .

.

w a s to t e mpt s om e fri a r to S l e e p w h e n he should b e

pra ye r m a k e a noth e r drink too much or a third c a s t w

‘
, ,

gl a nces a t a v ill a ge be a uty The R ev e la ti o n s o f the A l .

l .

R ic ha lmu s w ritt e n s e ve n hundre d y e a rs a go s ho w s 1

, ,

1
So Sha ke sp ere , The D e v il d a mn the bla c k
‘ ’
.

' '
5 , e fin d
’
1
In an a cc o u n t, 1 68 w
p y
a d fo r iij l r of he a re 11 v 4 j .

1
The D i r e c ti o n s fo r the Ca stle o f Go o d Pe r se v e ra n c e ,
'
8: he I?
sa y :

l
p y
e be lya l, l o k e 1
7 1
p o w d b '
he ha v e gui ie
re i in g i n
"
py pys i h
’
s h a
’

n d s
’
ers I h s a rs w hi n e he go the to ba ta yle ’
.

Thi s n o ti o n w a s w id e sp r ea d I ha v e se e n a n a n c i en t Russi a n pi c tm
.

w hi ch the D e v i l is d a n c in g be fo re a pr ie s t w ho ha s be c o me d ro w sy o v e .

pra ye r -
boo k . The re w a s o n ce a Mosle m c o n tro v e rsy as to w he the r i t w a

fo r p ilgri ms to kee p the mse lv es a w a e k fo r the i r pra ye rs by che w i n g 0 .

366 R OBBE R K N I GH TS

b a s e o f hi s tow e r o f B a be l w h e re the con fu s ion o f tongu e s

,

took pl a ce ; a n d it might be a dd e d th a t th e y h a ve like , ,

th e gro a n a m e a ning irre s p e ctive o f ra c e or l a ngu a g e

, .

D e h a k a n d N imrod h a v e ha d th e ir broth e rs in e ve ry ra ce ,

w hich h a s e v e r re a ch e d a nything th a t ma y b e c a ll e d civi

li s a ti o n
. It w a s th e ba rba ric B a ron a n d the R obbe r K night
o f th e M iddl e A ge s living by the hunt w h o b e fore conve r
, , ,

s ion m a d e fo r th e Fa ith ful E ckh a rdt s o f th e Church the

,

chi e f imp e dim e nt ; th e y might th e n s trike dow n the monk ,

w ho s e a pp a rition h a s a l w a y s b e e n th e l e g e nd a r y w a rning

o f th e D e mon s a ppro a ch
’
W h e n the E ckha rdts h a d
.

b a ptiz e d th e s e knights the y ha d a lre a dy b e e n tra n s form e d

,

to the D e vil s w hich pe opl e th e fore s ts o f G e rm a ny Fra nce , ,

a n d E ngl a nd w ith th e ir t e rribl e s p e ctr e s Th e w ild fa bl e s

.

o f th e E a s t t e lling o f fe ll D e mon s cours ing through the

,

a i r w hi s p e r e d to the p e opl e a t o n e e a r a n d th e e qu a lly

, ,

w ild d e e d s o f th e R obb e r K nights a t th e oth e r The .

Church h a d give n th e p e opl e o n e n a m e fo r a ll s uch ph a n

— —
t a s m s D e vil a n d it w a s a n a m e re pre s e nta tive o f the
fe e ling s o f both pri e s t a n d p e a sa nt s o long a s th e R obbe r
,

K night s w e re th e ir common e n e my J e s u s h a d to be a
.

good d e a l modifi e d b e fore h e could b e com e the mod e l o f

thi s Te utonic E s a u It i s a ft e r the tra dition o f hi s old
.

re l a tion to hunts m e n th a t the D e vil ha s b e e n so e s p e ci a lly

conn e ct e d in folk lore w ith s oldi e rs I n the A nn a ls o f .
‘

L e ipzig k e pt i n A u e rba ch s Ce ll a r fa mou s fo r th e flight

’ ’

, ,

o f M e phi s to a n d Fa u s t from i ts w indo w on a w in e c a s k I -

fo u nd tw o oth e r in s t a nc e s in w hich th e D e vil w a s re port e d

a s h a ving a pp e a re d i n th a t to w n In o n e c a s e
. th e
fi e nd ha d te mpt e d o n e J e re my o f Stra s burg a m a rk s m a n , ,

to commit s u icid e but th a t not s ucce e din g h a d d e s ire d

, ,

h i m to go w it h him to th e n e ighbouring c a s t le a n d e njoy

s om e fruit The m a rk s m a n w a s s a v e d by h e lp o f a D e a n
. .

I n 1 633 during a p e riod o f e xce s sive cold a n d s no w the

, ,
 OLAE H UN TI N G PA GA N S . 6
3 7

D e vil i n duc e d a s oldi e r to bl a s ph e m e The ma rks ma n .

a n d th e s oldi e r w e re ind e e d the u s u a l v ictim s o f th e

, ,

W ild H u n ts me n s te mpta tio n s ; a n d i t w a s fo r s uch tha t

’

th e un fa iling m a gic bull e t s w e re mou ld e d i n re t u rn fo r

th e ir impa w ne d s oul s .

H o w K ing Ol a f — w ho se n a m e ling e rs a mo n g u s i n
1—
T ool e y Stre e t s o fa mou s fo r i ts Thre e Ta ilors ! s pre a d
’
,

th e Gos p e l through th e N orth a ft e r hi s b a pti s m in E n g

l a nd i s w e ll kno w n W h a te ve r o th e r hunt ma y h a ve be e n
.

ph a nta s m a l it w a s n o t Ol a f s hunt o f th e h e a th e n To
,
’
.

put a pa n o f live co a l s u nd e r the b e lly o f o n e to force a n ’

a dd e r do w n th e thro a t o f a noth e r to o ffe r a ll me n th e ,

a lte rn a tive s o f b e ing b a ptiz e d or burnt w e re th e a rgum e nt s ,

w hich thi s a po s tl e a ppli e d w ith s uch e n e rgy th a t a t l a s t

—
but not until m a ny bra ve m a rtyrdom s th e chi e f pe opl e
w e re convinc e d Ola f e ncounte re d Odin a s i f h e ha d be e n
.

a livi n g fo e a n d w h a t i s more
,
b e li e ve d in the g e nuin e ,

e xi s t e nc e o f hi s form e r God Onc e a s Ol a f a n d hi s fri e nd s

.
,

b e li e ve d Odin a ppe a r e d to th i s d e va st a tor o f h i s a lta rs a s

,

a o n e e y e d ma n in bro a d brimm e d h a t d e lighting th e K ing

- -

i n h i s hours o f re l a x a tion w ith th a t e nch a nting conve rs a

tion fo r w hich h e w a s so fa mou s But h e ( Odi n ) tri e d .

s e cre tly to induc e th e cook to pre p a r e fo r h i s roy a l m a s t e r

s om e fi n e m e a t w hic h h e h a d poi s on e d But Ol a f s a id .

,

‘
Odin s h a ll not d e c e ive u s a n d ord e re d th e te mpting ,
’

v i a n d to b e t hr o w n a w a y Odin w a s god o f the ba rb a ri a n

.

Junk e rs a n d the p e opl e re joic e d th a t h e w a s drive n into

,

hol e s a n d corn e rs ; hi s rit e s re m a in e d m a inly a mong hunts

me n a n d h a d to be k e pt v e r y s e cre t In the Gn la tlzzn gs
° '

.
,

L a g e n o f N or w a y it i s ord e re d : L e t th e ki n g a n d bi s hop ,

w ith a ll po s s ibl e c a re s e a rch a ft e r t ho s e w ho e x e rci se

,

pa g a n rite s w ho u s e m a gic a rts w ho a dore the ge nii o f

, ,

pa r ticul a r pl a c e s o f tomb s or rive r s a n d w ho a fte r the

, , , ,

1
St . Ol af Sto o le y To o le y .
36s H UN TI N G H OR N S -
.

m a n n e r o f d e vils i n tra ve lling a r e tra n s po rte d fro m pla ce ,

to pl a ce through the a ir .
’

Und e r s uch ve ry a ctu a l curs e s a s the se th e on ce sa cre d ,

a nim a l s o f Odin a n d a ll th e a s s oci a tion s o f th e hunt w e re

, ,

di a boli s e d E v e n the hunting horn w a s re ga rd e d a s ha vi n g

.
-

s o me thi n g pre t e rn a tura l a bout it Th e h o w li n g bl a st .

w h e n Odin con s u lt e t h M imir s h e a d w a s h e a rd a ga in in

1 ’

the Pi e d Pip e r s flute a n d p a s se d s o u th w a rd to bl e n d its

’

n ot e w ith the —
horn o f R ol a nd a t R o nce s v a ll e s w hich ,

brought h e lp fro m di s ta nc e s be yond the re a ch o f a n y

hon e s t horn a n d e ve n w ith the pip e o f Pa n
,
.

Th a t th e E dd a d e s crib e d Odin a s mount e d on a my s

te r i o u s hors e a s ch e ri s hing tw o w olv e s fo r p e t s h a ving a
, ,

ro a s te d boa r fo r the d a ily p i éce de r es zs ta n ee o f hi s ta ble

'
’

a n d w ith a ra v e n on e ith e r s hould e r w hi s p e rin g to him ,

th e s e cre t a ffa irs o f the e a rth w a s e n ough to s e ttl e the ,

re puta tion o f tho s e a nim a l s in th e cre e d o f chri s ti a n

pri e s ts Th e R a ve n w a s ind e e d from o f old e ndo w e d
.
, ,

w ith th e holy a w fuln e ss o f the chri s ti a n dove i n the ,

N ors e M ytholo gy To thi s d a y no Sw e d e w ill kill a

.

ra ve n The s upe rs tition conc e rning it w a s s trong e nough

.

to tra n s mit e ve n to V olta ir e a n involunt a ry s hudd e r a t i ts

cro a k Od i n w a s b e li e ve d to h a v e give n the R a ve n the

.

co lour o f the night th a t i t might the b e tte r s p y out the

d e e d s o f d a rkn e s s I ts n a tura l th e ology i s n o doubt
.
‘ ’
, ,

g ive n corre ctly by R obe rt Bro w nin g s Ca liba n w ho w h e n ’

, ,

h i s s p e cul a tion s a r e int e r rupt e d by a th u nd e rs torm s u p ,

1
H i gh blo w e th H e i md a ll
H i s ho r n a lo ft
Od i n c o n su lte t
h
M i mi r he a d
’
s

The o ld a s h y e t s t
a n d in g
Y ggd ra s i ll
To i ts su mmi t i s sha k e n ,
A n d lo o se br e a k s the gi a n t — Volu m
e .
 TH E R OAR . 6
3 9

pos e s his s oliloquy ha s be e n conve ye d by the ra v e n he se e s

flying to his god Se t e bo s I n m a ny p a rt s o f Ge rm a ny .

ra ve n s a r e be li e ve d to hold s oul s o f the d a mn e d I f a .

r a v e n s h e a rt b e s e cur e d it procure s a n u n e rring s hot

’
.

From a n e a rly d a t e the Bo a r b e ca m e a n e n s ign o f the

pro w e ss o f the god s by w hich i ts h e a d p a ss e d to be the
,

d e vic e o f s o m a ny ba rba ric cl a n s a n d a nci e n t fa mili e s in

th e N orth e rn w orld In V e dic M ythology w e find Indra
.

t a king the s h a pe o f a W ild Boa r a l s o kill i ng a d e mon ,

Bo a r a n d giving Tr i ta s th e s tre n gth by w hich a s imil a r

,

mon s t e r i s s l a in 1
A ccording to a noth e r fa bl e w hil e
.
,

Bra hm a a n d V i s hnu a r e qu a rre lli n g a s to w hich i s the

fi r s t born Siva int e r fe re s a n d cri e s I a m the fir s t born ;
-

, ,
‘
-

n e v e r th e le s s l w ill r e cogni se a s my s up e rior h i m w h o i s

a bl e to s e e th e s u mmit o f my h e a d or the s ol e o f my fe e t
’
.

V i s hnu tra n sforming him s e l f to a Bo a r pi e rc e d th e ground

, , ,

p e n e tra te d to the in fe rn a l re gion s a n d th e n s a w th e fe e t ,

o f S iva w h o on h i s re turn sa lut e d him a s fi r s t born o f the

,
-

god s D e Gu be r n a tis re ga rd s t hi s fa bl e a s ma king th e

.

Bo a r e mbl e m o f the hidd e n M oon 11

H e i s hunt e d by the .

Su n . H e gu a rd s the tre a s ure o f th e d e mon s w hich Indra

ga in s by s l a yi n g him In Si c ili a n s tory Z a fa ra n a by
’

.
, ,

thro w ing thre e hog s bri s tl e s on e mbe rs re n e w s h e r ’

hu sb a nd s youth In E s thoni a n l e ge nd a p r inc e by e a ting

’
.
, ,

pork a cquire s the fa culty o f u nd e rs t a ndi n g the l a n gu a ge

,

o f bird s — w hich ma y m e a n l e a ding on th e s pring w ith

,

i ts s ong s o f bird s But w he the r th e s e p a rti c ul a r i n t e r

.

p r e ta ti o n s b e tru e or not th e r e i s no doubt th a t th e Bo

, a r ,

a t a n e a rly p e riod b e c a m e e mbl e m a tic o f th e w ild forc e s

,

o f n a ture a n d from b e ing hunt e d by K ing Odin on e a rth

,

pa s s e d to be hi s fa vourite food in Va lh a ll a a n d a promin e nt ,

figu re i n h i s s p e ctra l hunt .

E nough h a s a lre a dy b e e n s a id o f the D o g in s e ve ra l

1 ‘
Rigv e da ,
’
x .
99 .
1 ‘
Zo o log . 11. 8, 1 0, &c .

V OL I I . . 2 A
370 TH E H OR SE .

ch a pte rs o f thi s w ork to re nd e r it but n a tura l th a t thi s

a nim a l s hould t a k e h i s pl a c e i n a n y di a bolica l tra i n It .

w a s not a s a h e ll hound or d e s c e nd a nt o f the gu a rdi a ns

’
-
,

o f Orcu s th a t h e e nt e re d th e s p e ctra l proc e ss ion o f Odi n

, ,

but a s m a n s firs t a nim a l a ss i s ta nt in the w ork o f obta ini n g

’

a living from n a tur e It i s th e fa ith ful fri e nd o f ma n w ho

.

i s d e mora li se d in W a ld e ma r s Ly s ti g th e s p e ctre hound

’
-

o f P e e l Ca s tl e the M a nth e D oog o f the I s l e o f M a n the

, ,

s ky dog s ( Cw n w y b i r or a u n w y ) o f W a l e s a n d R o s common
-

dog o f Ire la nd .

O f th e G o a t the D o g a n d s om e oth e r di a boli s e d

, ,

a nim a l s, e nough h a s b e e n s a id in pr e viou s p a ge s The .

nocturn a l a nim a l s w ould be a s na tura lly c a ught up into

the W ild H unt s m a n s tra in a s b e l a t e d p e a sa nt s But it is
’
.

n e ce s s a ry to d w e ll a littl e on the re l a tion s o f the H orse

to this W ild H unt It w a s the H ors e th a t m a d e the
.

primitive ki n g a mong me n .

Th e H ors e s a ys D a s e n t w a s a s a cre d a nim a l a mo n g

‘ ’

, ,
’
the Te utonic trib e s from th e firs t mom e nt o f t he ir a pp e a r
a nc e in hi s to r y ; a n d Ta citu s h a s re l a t e d ho w in th e s h a d e ,

o f tho s e w ood s a n d grov e s w hich s e rve d th e m fo r t e mpl e s ,

w hit e horse s w e re fe d a t the public co s t w ho s e b a ck s n o ,

morta l cro ss e d w hos e n e ighi n gs a n d s nortings w e re ca re

,

fu lly w a tch e d a s a uguri e s a n d om e n s a n d w ho w e re ,

thought to b e con s ciou s o f divi n e mys te ri e s In P e rs i a .

,

too the cl a ss ica l re a d e r w ill re m e mbe r ho w the n e ighing

,

o f a hors e d e cid e d th e choic e fo r the cro w n H e re in .

E ngl a nd a t a n y ra t e w e h a ve only to think o f H e ngi s t

, ,

a n d H orsa the t w in h e ro e s o f th e A nglo Sa xon migra tion

,
-

a s th e l e ge nd r a n — h e ro e s w hose n a m e m e a nt leo r se a n d ,

o f th e V a l e o f th e W hit e H ors e in B e rk s w h e r e the s a cre d , ,

form s til l gl e a m s a long the do w n to be re mind e d o f the ,

s a cr e dn e s s o f the hors e to our fore fa th ers The E dd a s .

a r e fill e d w ith th e n a m e s o f fa mou s hors e s a n d the Sa ga s ,

 D APPLE G RI M M 37 1

c onta in m a ny s tori e s o f good s te e d s in w hom th e ir ow n e rs ,

tru s t e d a n d be li e ve d a s s a cre d to thi s or tha t p a rticul a r

god Such a hors e i s D a pp le gr i mm in the N ors e t a l e s
.
,

w h o sa v e s h i s m a st e r out o f a ll h i s p e ril s a n d brings hi m ,

to a ll fortun e a n d i s a noth e r e x a mpl e o f tha t mys te riou s

,

conn e ction w ith the high e r pow e rs w hich a nim a ls i n a ll

a g e s h a v e b e e n s uppo s e d to po ss e s s
’
.

It w a s be li e v e d tha t no w a rrior could a pproa ch Va lh a lla

e xc e pt on hors e ba ck a n d th e s t e e d w a s g e n e ra lly buri e d
,

w ith h i s m a s t e r Th e Sca ndin a vi a n knight w a s a ccu s

.

to me d to s w e a r by the s hould e r o f a hors e a n d th e

‘

e dge o f a s w ord Odin (the god) w a s be li e ve d to ha ve

’
.

a l w a y s n e a r him the e ight l e gge d hors e Sl e ipnir w ho s e -

,

s ire w a s th e w ond e r ful Sv a ld i lfa r i w h o by night dr e w th e ,

e normou s s ton e s fo r th e fortre s s d e fe nding V a lh a ll a from

th e fro s t gi a nt s
-
On Sl e ipnir the d e ity rod e to the r e a l m
.

o f H e l a w h e n h e e vok e d the s pirit o f the d e c e a s e d p r o

,

s s V a l a w ith R unic inc a nt a tion s to l e a rn Ba ldur s

’

p h e te , , ,

fa t e
. Thi s i s the th e m e o f th e Ve y ta msv id a p a ra phra s e d ,

by Gra y in hi s o d e b e ginni n g
Up r o se the ki n g o f me n w i th spe ed ,

An d sa d d le d s tra ight his c o al -

bla c k s tee d
T he t d how e v e r w a s not bl a ck but gre y Sl e ipnir
s ee , , , .

w a s th e fo a l o f a m a gic a lly cre a t e d m a r e The d e mon-

.

ma re ( M a ra ) hold s a promin e nt pl a ce in Sc a ndin a vi a n

s up e rs tition b e se tting s l e e p e rs In the Y n gli n ga Sa ga
, . .

V a n la n d a w a k e s from s l e e p c ry ing M a ra i s tre a ding on , ,

me H i s me n h a st e n to he lp him but w h e n th e y t a k e hold ,

o f h i s h e a d M a ra tre a d s on h i s l e gs a n d w h e n th e y hold h i s ,

l e gs s he tra mpl e s on h i s h e a d a n d s o s a ys Thi o d o lf ,

Tra mple d to d e a th, to Skyta s s h o r e

’

T h e c o r ps e h i s fa ithfu l fo llo w e r s o r e b
An d the r e the y b u r n t, w ith h e a v y he a r ts ,
The go o d ch i e f, k ille d by w i tc h c r a fts a ts
’
r .
37 2 H OR SE F L E SH -

A ll thi s course the origin o f the common s u pe rsti

is , of ,

tion o f the nightma re The hors e s ho e u se d a ga i n s t w itch e s

.
-

i s from the s a m e re gion W e ma y l e a rn h e re a l s o the

.

re a s on w hy hippopha gy h a s b e e n s o long u n know n a mo n g

us . Odin s boa r h a s l e ft h is h e a d on our Chri s t ma s ta bl es
’

but Ola f m a n a ge d to rob u s o f the hors e fl e s h once e a te n -

in honour o f th a t god I n the e l e ve nth c e ntury h e pro

.

cl a im e d the e a ting o f hors e fl e s h a t e s t o f pa ga ni s m a s

-

b a pti s m w a s o f Ch ri s tia nity a n d pu n i s h e d it w ith d e a th

, ,

e xc e pt in Ic e l a n d w h e r e it w a s p e rmitt e d by a n e xpre s s
,

s tipul a tion on th e ir e mbra cing Chri s ti a nity To th e se .

fa cts it ma y be a dd e d th a t origin a lly the hors e s h e a d

’

w a s li ft e d a s th e hors e s ho e is n o w fo r a ch a r m a ga in s t
,
-

w itch e s .W h e n W itt e kind fought t w e nty ye a rs a ga in s t

Ch a rl e m a g n e the e n s ign born e by h i s Sa xon follo w e rs
,

w a s a hors e s h e a d ra i s e d on a p o l e A w hite hors e o n

’
.

a y e llo w ground i s to d a y the H a nov e ri a n ba nn e r

-
i ts ,

ori gin be i n g undoubte dly Od i n is ti c .

The chri s ti a n e dict a g a in s t the e a ting o f hors e fl e s h h a d -

prob a bly a s tronge r motive tha n s e ntim e nta l oppos ition

to pa ga ni s m A R om a n e mpe ror ha d h e ld the s tirrup fo r
.

a chri s ti a n ponti ff to mount a n d s om e thing o f the s a m e

,

kind occurre d in the N orth The H ors e w hich h a d be e n .

,

a fir e br e a thing d e vil und e r Odin b e c a m e a s t e e d o f the

-

Su n und e r th e b a ptiz e d nobl e a n d the bi s hop H e nc e forth .

w e r e a d o f co a l bl a ck a n d s n o w w hit e horse s a s th e s e a r e
- -

mount e d in the inte re s t o f the old re ligio n or the n e w .

It i s v e ry curiou s to obs e rve h o w fa r a n d w id e ha s gon e

re ligiou s comp e titio n fo r po ss e ss ion o f th a t livin g to w e r
of s tr e ngth — th e H o rs e In a nci e nt Ce ylon w e fin d the
.

Buddhi s t immigra nts w inning ove r th e s te e d on w hich

the a borigi n e s w e re fortifi e d It w a s a w hite hors e o f .
,

cours e th a t b e ca m e the ir sy mbol o f tri u mp h The old

,
.

re co rd sa ys
 TH E M AR E CH E TI YA .
373

‘
c e rta in y a kkhi n i (d e mon e ss ) n a m e d Che tiy a h a ving
A ,

the form a n d count e n a nc e o f a m a r e d w e lt n e a r the ,

m a rs h o f Tu mba r i u n go n a A c e rta in pe rs on in the .

princ e s ( Pa n d u ka bha y o ) re tinu e h a ving s e e n thi s b e a uti

’

fu l ( cre a ture ) w hite w ith r e d l e gs a nnou n c e d the circum

, ,

s t a nc e to th e princ e The pri n c e s e t out w ith a rope to

.

s e cure h e r She s e e ing him a ppro a ch from b e hi n d lo s in g

.
,

h e r pre s e nce o f mind from fe a r und e r the influ e nce o f h is ,

impo s ing a ppe a ra nc e fl e d w ithout (b e ing a bl e to e x e r t

,

the po w e r s h e pos s e s s e d o f) re nd e ring h e rs e l f invi s ibl e .

H e g a ve ch a s e to th e fugitive Sh e pe rs e ve ri n g in h e r .
,

flight m a d e the circuit o f the m a rs h se ve n tim e s She

, .

m a d e three more circuit s o f the ma rs h a n d th e n plunge d ,

into th e rive r a t th e K a c h c hh a ka fe rry H e did the s a m e .

,

a n d ( in the rive r) s e iz e d h e r by th e t a il a n d ( a t th e sa m e ,

tim e gra s p e d) the l e a f o f a p a lmira tre e w hich the s tre a m

w a s c a r ryi n g do w n By h i s s up e rn a tura l good fo r tu n e
.

thi s ( l e a f) b e c a m e a n e normou s s w ord E xcl a imi n g I . ,

‘

p u t th e e to d e a th l h e flou r i s h e d the
’
s w ord ov e r he r .

‘
L o rd re pli e d s he to him s ubduing thi s kingdom fo r ,
‘

th e e I w ill con fe r it on th e e : s p a re me my li fe Se izing

, .
’

h e r by th e throa t a n d w i th the point o f th e s w ord boring

,

he r no s tril h e s e cure d h e r w ith h i s rop e : s he ( in s t a ntly)

,

be c a m e tra cta bl e Conducti n g h e r to the D hu ma r a kkho

.

mount a in he obta in e d a g re a t a cc e ss ion o f w a r lik e po w e r

,

by m a king h e r h is ba ttl e s te e d
“

1
Th e w ond e r ful victori e s
-
.
’

w o n by the princ e a i d e d by thi s m a gic a l m a re

, a r e te ,

l a t e d a n d the t a l e e nd s w ith h is s e tting up w i thin th e

,
‘

roy a l p a la ce its e l f th e m a re fa c e d y a kkh i n i a n d providing

-

,
’

fo r h e r a nnu a lly d e mon o ffe rings ‘ ’

.

E qu a lly a mbiguou s w i th th e H ors e in thi s zoo logic

d i a bl e ri e i s the Sta g In th e H e ra kle a n l e ge nd s w e find
.

1
The M a ha w a n so Tran sla te d by the Ho n Ge o r ge Tu mo u r , Ce ylon ,
‘ ’
. .

1 836, p 69 . .
374 O TTO OF A L TM A R K .

th a t he ro s so n Te l e phon nurs e d by a hind in th e w ood s ;

’
, ,

a n d on th e oth e r h a nd h i s third l a bour w a s the c a pture ‘

,

o f A rt e mi s gold a ntl e re d s t a g w hich b rought on him h e r

’
-

w ra th ( it b e i n g h e r m a j e s ty s fa vourite s t a g W e h a ve ’

a g a in the s tory o f A c te o n purs ui n g th e s t a g too fa r a n d

s u ffe ring the fa t e h e h a d pre p a r e d fo r it ; a n d a re mini s c e nce

o f it in the Pe n ta me r o n e w h e n th e d e mon H u o r e o a llure s

’

Ca n n e lo r o into th e w ood by t a king th e form o f a b e a uti ful

h ind Th e s e compl e x l e g e n d s a r e r e fl e ct e d in N orth e rn
.

folklore a l s o Co unt Otto I o f A ltm a rk w hil e out hunt

. .
,

i n g s l e pt und e r a n o a k a n d dre a m e d th a t h e w a s furio u s ly

,

a tt a ck e d by a s ta g w hich di s a pp e a re d w h e n h e c a ll e d o n
,

the n a m e o f God Th e Count buil t a mon a s t e ry w hich

.
,

s till s t a nd s w ith th e o a k s s tump built into i ts a lta r On

’
.
,

th e oth e r h a nd b e s id e th e a lt a r o f a n e ighbouring ch u rch

,

h a ng tw o l a rge horn s o f a s ta g s a id to h a ve brought a los t

child hom e on i ts ba ck Thu s in the old tow n o f Ste ind a l .

m e e t th e s e contra ry ch a ra cte rs o f the mys tic a l s ta g o f ,

w hich it i s not di fficult to s e e th a t th e e vil o n e r e s ult s fro m

i ts mi s fortun e in b e ing a t onc e the hunts m a n s victi m a n d

’

s c a p e go a t
1

In th e l e ge nd o f St H ub e rt w e h a ve th e s ign o f Chri s t
.

— ri s e n from h i s tomb a mong the rich chri s ti a n s to s h a re

fo r a littl e the crucifixion o f th e ir firs t mi ss ion a ri e s in the
—
N orth to th e hu n ts m e n o f E urope H ub e rt p urs u e s the .

s t a g till it t u rn s to fa c e him a n d b e hold b e tw e e n i ts , ,

a ntl e rs th e cro s s !
,
It is a fa bl e conce ive d in the s pirit o f
1
I tw as an a n c ie n t c us to m to o ffe r a s ta g o n the high a lt
a r o f D u r ha m

Abbe y, the sa c r i fic e be in g a c c o mpa n i e d w i th w i n d in

g of ho r n s, on Ho ly Ro o d
D a y, w hi c h su gge s ts a W ild H u n tsma n in th e hu n ti n g
fo r m o f pro pi ti a ti n g the
se a so n . On the C he v i o tH ills the r e i s a c ha s m c a lle d H e n H o le in w h i ch ,
‘

the re i s fr e qu e n tly se e n a sn o w e g a t M i d su mme r a n d i t is r e la ted tha t a ,

p a r ty o f hu n te rs, w hile c ha si n g a ro e , w e re be gu ile d i n to i t by fa i r ie s , a n d

c o u ld n e v e r a ga i n fin d the i r w ay o ut — Ri c ha rd s o n s
.
’ ’
Bo r d e re r s Ta ble Bo o k,
’ ’
-

vi 400. The Br id le d D e v i l o f D u r ha m Ca the d r a l ma y be an a llu si o n to the

W ild H un tsma n .
 S AI N T H UBE R T .
373

him w ho s a id to fi s h e rm e n Com e w ith me a n d I w ill ,

m a k e you fi s h e rs o f me n The e ffe ct w a s much th e sa m e

.
’

in both ca s e s H ub e rt kn e e l s b e fore the s ta g a n d be

.
,

com e s a s a int a s th e fi s h e rm e n l e ft th e ir n e ts a n d be c a m e
,

a po s tl e s Bu t a s the prove rb s a y s w h e n the s a int s d a y

’
.
, ,

i s ove r fa r e w e ll th e s a int Th e fi s h e r me n s s ucc e s s or s

’
.
,

c a ugh t me n w ith iron hooks in th e ir j a w s ; the s ucc e s s ors

o f H ub e rt hu n t e d me n a n d w om e n s o lu s tily th a t th e y

n e ve r p a u s e d long e n ough to s e e w h e th e r th e re might n o t

b e a cro s s on th e ir fore h e a d a l s o .

It w a s s om e thing ho w e ve r th a t the cro s s w hich Co n

, ,

s ta n ti n e cou ld only s e e in th e s ky could be s e e n by a n

y
e y e on th e for e h e a d o f a h a rml e s s a nim a l ; a n d thi s n o t

only b e ca u s e it m a rk e d the ri s i n g i n chri s ti a n h e a rts o f

pity fo r th e a nim a l s but b e c a u s e w ha t w a s don e to the
,

flying s t a g w a s don e to th e p e a sa nt w ho could not fly a n d ,

more t e rribly Th e vi s ion o f H ub e rt ca m e s tra ight from

.

the p a g a n h e a rt o f W e s t e rn a n d N orth e rn E urop e I n the .

Bi bl e from G e n e s i s to A poc a lyp s e no w ord i s found cl e a rl y

, ,

inculca ting a n y d uty to th e a nim a l s So littl e ind e e d could .

, ,

the chri s ti a n s int e rpre t the b e a uti ful t a l e s o f folklore con

c e rning kindly b e a s t s out o f w hich ca m e the l e ge nd o f

,

H ub e rt th a t H ub e rt w a s m a d e p a tron o f hunt s m e n ; a n d
,

w hil e by a popul a r d e v e lopm e nt W o d a n w a s d e gra d e d to

, ,

a d e vil th e b a ptiz e d s port s m a n re s cu e d h is c h i e f occup a

,

tion by a s cribi n g i ts mo s t d a s hing l e g e n d s to St M a rti n .

a n d th e ir in s pir a tion to the A rch a nge l M ich a e l .

It i s n o w n e c e s s a ry to con s id e r the light w hich the

G e rm a n h e a rt ca s t a cro ss the d a rk s h a d o w s o f W od a n .

Thi s i s to be di s c ov e re d in the m y th o f th e W hite L a dy .

W e h a ve a lre a d y s e e n in the con fe ss ion s o f the w itch e s o f

,

E lfd a le in Sw e d e n th a t w h e n th e y w e re ga th e ring be fore

, ,

th e ir formid a bl e D e vil a c e rt a in W hite Spirit w a rn e d th e m

,

ba ck Th e childre n s a id she tri e d to k e e p th e m fro m

.
376 TH E WH I TE LAD Y .

e nte ring th e D e vil s Church a t Blo c ku la Thi s ma y n o t

’
.

be w orth much a s a con fe s s ion but it s u ffici e ntly re p o r ts

’

the th e ori e s pre va iling in th e popul a r mind o f E lfd a le a t

th a t tim e It rs not dou bt ful n o w th a t thi s W hit e La d y

.

a n d th a t D e vil s he oppo s e d w e r e in p r e chr is ti a n tim e ,

-

W od a n a n d h i s w i fe Frigga Th e humbl e p e opl e w h o

.

h a d gl a dly giv e n up the t e rribl e hunt s m a n a n d w a rrio r

to be d e gra d e d into a D e vil a n d w i th him the ba rba ri c ,

N imrod s w h o w ors hippe d him did n ot a gre e to a s imil a r ,

s urre nd e r o f th e ir d e a r hou s e hold godd e s s know n to th e m ,

a s Frigg a H old a B e rth a M othe r R o s e

, , ,
— und e r a ll he r ,

i th e ts the M a d o n n a o f th e N orth int e r c e ding b e tw e e n

p .
,

th e m a n d the h a rd king o f V a lh a ll a a ge s be fore th e y e ve r ,

h e a rd o f a j e a lou s J e hova h a n d a t e nd e r i n t e rce ding M a ry .

D r W u ttke ha s coll e ct e d ma ny va ri a n ts o f the myth s

.

o f Frigga s om e o f w hich b e a r w itn e s s to the e fforts o f th e

,

Church to d e gra d e h e r a l s o into a fi e nd She is s e e n .

w a s hing w hit e cloth e s a t fount a in s milking co w s s pinning , ,

fl a x w ith a d i s t a ff or combing h e r fl a x e n h a ir
, She w a s .

b e li e ve d to be the divin e a n c e s tre ss o f the hu m a n ra c e ;

m a ny o f the o ld e s t fa mili e s cl a im e d d e s c e nt from he r a n d ,

b e li e ve d th a t thi s A hn e n fra u a n n ounce d to th e m good

fortun e or by h e r w a iling a n y mi s fortun e co ming to th e ir
, , ,

fa mili e s She brought e vil only to tho se w ho s pok e e vil

.

o f he r . I f a n y o n e s hoot s a t h e r the b a ll e n t e rs h is o w n
h e a rt She a pp e a rs to p oor w a nd e ring folk e s p e ci a lly
. ,

chil d re n a n d gu id e s th e m to s pots w h e re th e y find h e a ps

,

o f gold cove re d w ith th e flo w e r c a ll e d Forge t me not - -

’

b e c a u s e he r g e ntl e voic e i s h e a rd re q u e s ti n g a s the only ,

compe n sa tion th a t the flow e rs s h a ll be re p la ce d w h e n the

,

gold i s re move d The primrose s a r e s a cre d to h e r a n d

.
,

o ft e n a r e the k e ys (th e nce c a ll e d ke y blos s om s ) w hich ‘ -

’

u nlock h e r tr e a s ure s The s m a ll e s t tribut e s h e re p a ys

.
,

e ve n a p e bbl e con s e cra t e d to he r E v e ry child a s c e nding .

 ll
A O TH E R R OSE .
37 7

th e Bu r ge i se r Alp p la c e s a ton e on a c e rt a in he a p o f
s

s u c h , w ith th e w ord s , H e re I o ffe r to the w ild ma i d e n sn

Th e s e a r e B e r th a s kindly fa iri e s ( W h e n Fre d e rik a Bre m e r
’
.

w a s w ith a picnic on th e H uds on h e ights w hich W a s h ,

i n gto n Irvi n g h a d p e opl e d w ith the S pirits he h a d brought

fro m the R hin e s he pre fe rre d to pour out he r ch a mp a gn e
,

a s a liba tion to th e good s pirits o f G e rm a ny a n d A me

‘ ’

rica ) The b e a uti ful W hite L a dy w e a rs a gold e n ch a in

.
,

a n d glitt e ring k e y s a t h e r b e lt ; s he a ppe a rs a t mid d a y or -

in s trong moonlight I n re gion s w h e re pri e stly influ e nc e

.

i s s trong s h e i s s a id to be h a l f bl a ck h a l f w hit e a n d to -

,
-

a ppe a r s om e tim e s a s a s e rp e nt S he o ft e n h e lps the w e a ry

.

fa rm e r to s t a ck hi s corn a n d s ore ly ta s k e d Cin d e re ll a s in

,
-

th e ir t o il
m
.

I n p r chri s ti n tim thi

e -
a e s a a —
i bl e godd e ss ca ll e d
n e —
o ft e n e s t B e rtha (shining) a d M oth r R ose w a s re l a t e d
to W od a n a s the s pring a n d s umm e r to the s torm s o f
w int e r in w hich th e W ild H u n t s m a n s proc e ss ion no doubt
’

o rigin a t e d The N orthm a n s e xp e ri e nc e o f s e e d tim e a n d

’
-
.

h a rve s t w a s e xpre s s e d in the myth o f thi s s w e e t R os e

hidd e n through the w inte r s blight to ri s e a ga in in s umm e r
’
.

Thi s myth h a s m a ny fa mili a r va ri a nts s uch a s A s ch e n ,

t t l a n d S l e e ping B e a uty ; but it w a s more p a rticul a rly

p u e

conn e cte d w ith the l a te r l e g e nd s o f the W hite L a dy a s ,

victim o f the W ild H unts m a n by the s tori e s o f tra n s forme d ,

prince s s e s d e live re d by yo u th s R e s cu e o f the e nch a n te d .

princ e s s i s u s u a lly e ffe cte d by thre e ki s se s but s he i s c o m ,

p e lle d to a pp e a r b e for e th e d e live re r in s om e hid e ou s

a s pe ct — a s to a d or s e rp e nt ; s o th a t h e i s r e p e ll e d or los e s

coura ge This i s the ros e hid und e r the uglin e s s o f w inte r

. .

W h e n the s torm god W od a n w a s b a ni s h e d from n a ture

-

a ltog e th e r a n d id e ntifi e d w ith th e import e d a n d n a tura lly ,

i nconc e iv a bl e Sa t a n he w a s no more re g a rd e d a s Frigg a s

’
, ,

r ough lord but a s he r re mors e l e s s fo e

, She w a s pop u l a rly .
37s W OD AN H UN TI N G WAL P UR GA .

re ve re d a s St W a lpurga th e origin a l M a y Qu e e n a n d i t
.
, ,

w a s b e li e ve d th a t h a ppy a n d i n du s triou s childre n migh t

s om e tim e s s e e he r on M a y d a y w ith long flo w i n fl

g a x e n
-

h a ir fin e s ho e s di s t a ff in h a nd a n d a gold e n cro w n o n
, , ,

he r he a d . But fo r the nin e night s a fte r M a y d a y s he w a s -

re l e ntl e s s ly p u rs u e d by the W ild H u n ts m a n a n d hi s

mount e d tra in Th e re i s a picture by G W a tt s o f th e
. .

h u n t e d l a dy o f Boc a ccio s t a l e n o w in the Co s mopo lita n

’

Club o f L o n don w hich vividly re produc e s the w e ird i m

,

p r e s s i v e n e s s o f t h i s myth Th e W hit
. e L a dy tri e s to hid e

from h e r purs u e r in s t a nding corn or ge t s h e rs e l f bound ,

u p in a she a f Th e W ild H unt s m a n s w ra th e xte n d s to

’
.

a ll h e r r e tinu e — moss m a id e n s o f the w ood or H ol tz

, ,

w e ib e ln Th e s a m e b e li e f ch a ra cte ri s e s W a ld e m a r s hunt
’

m
. .

It i s a com on l e ge nd in D e nm a rk th a t K ing V olm e r

rod e up to s om e p e a s a nts bu sy a t h a rve s t on Sobj e rg
,

H ill a n d i n re ply to h i s q u e s tio n w h e th e r th e y ha d s e e n

, ,

a n y g a m e o n e o f th e me n s a id
,
Som e thing ru s tl e d ju s t
n o w i n y ond e r s ta nding corn The K i n g ru s h e d o ff a n d
’
.
,

pre s e n tly a s hot w a s h e a rd The K i ng re a pp e a re d w ith a

.

m e r ma id lyi n g a cro ss h i s hors e a n d s a id a s he pa s s e d , ,

‘
I h a ve ch a s e d he r a hundre d ye a rs a n d h a ve he r a t l a s t , .
’

H e th e n rod e into the hill In thi s w a y Frigga a n d h e r

.

lit tl e p e opl e hunte d w ith the w ild cre a ture s a w a k e n e d

, ,

s ymp a thy fo r th e m .

Th e holy fri a r E ckh a rdt (w ho ma y be t a k e n a s a myth

a n d ty p e o f th e Church a d lzo e ) ga in e d hi s l e g e nd a ry fa m e

by b e i n g s uppo s e d to go in a dva nc e o f the W ild H u n ts

ma n a n d w a rn vill a ge rs o f hi s a ppro a ch but a s tim e w e nt
on a n d a comp r omi s e w a s e ffe cte d b e t w e e n the hunting
B a r on s a n d the Church on the b a s i s tha t the s ports a n d
,

cru e lti e s s hould be pa id fo r w ith indu lge nc e fe e s E ckh a rdt -

h a d to turn h i s a tt e nt i on ra th e r to th e W hite L a dy She .

w a s d e cl a re d a W ild H u n tr e s s b u t the e pith e t s lipp e d to ,

 F R I AR E CK H A R D T .
379

o th e r s hould e rs The pri e s t s id e ntifi e d he r ultim a te l y

.

w ith Fre ij a or Fr a u V e nu s
, a n d E ckh a rdt w a s th e holy

h e r mit w ho w a rn e d young me n a g a in s t h e r s orc e ri e s in

V e nu s b e rg a n d e l s e w h e re But E ckh a rdt n e ve r pre va il e d
.

a g a in s t th e popul a r love o f M oth e r R o s e a s h e h a d a g a in s t

h e r purs u e r ; h e only incre a s e d the a ttra ction s o f Fra u ‘

V e nu s b e yond h e r d e s e rts I n th e e n d it w a s a s muc h

’
.

a s th e Church could do to s e cure fo r M a ry the m a ntl e o f

h e r e ld e r s i s te r s s a nctity E v e n th e n the e a rli e r fa ith

’
.

w a s not e ra dic a t e d A ft e r the a lt a rs o f M a r y ha d fa ll e n

.
,

Frigga h a d vit a lity e nough to hold he r o w n a s the W hite

W itch w ho brok e the D a rk On e s s pe ll s It w a s chi e fly ’
.

thi s h e lp ful M oth e r godd e s s to w hom the w re tch e d w e re

-

a pp e a ling w h e n th e y w e r e burnt fo r w itchcra ft .

A t U r s e lbe r g W u r te mbe r g th e re i s a d e e p hol e ca ll e d

, ,

N i ghtma id e n s R e tre a t in w hich a r e pil e d th e i n

’ ’
th e
‘
,

n u m e ra bl e s ton e s th a t h a v e b e e n c a s t th e r e in by p e rs on s

d e s iring good luck on journ e y s Th e s e s ton e s corre s pond .

to th e bon e s o f the V irgin s in St Urs ul a s Church .

’

a t Cologn e . The W hite L a dy w a s s a int e d u n d e r he r

n a me of Urs e l (th e glow ing o n e ) oth e rw i s e H ors e l , .

H o r s e lbe r g n e a r E i s e n a ch b e c a m e he r h a unt a s V e n u s
, , ,

the t e mptre s s o f Ta n n h a u s e r s ; U r s e lbe r g b e c a m e h e r

re tre a t a s the good fa i r y moth e r ; but the a ttra ction s o f
h e rs e l f a n d he r mo s s m a id e n s w h ich the Church w i s h e d to
-

borro w w e re ta k e n on a long voy a ge to R o me a n d th e re

, ,

tra n s mute d to St Urs ul a a n d he r

. Virgin s Th e s e .

Sa ints o f Cologn e e ncount e re d th e ir a nci e nt mythica l pur

s u e rs — the W ild H unt s m a n s —
tra in i h tho s e b a rba ri a n
’

H un s w h o a r e s a id to h a v e s l a ught e re d th e m a ll b e c a u s e
th e y w ould not bre a k th e i r vow s o f ch a s tity The l e ge nd .

i s but a va ri a nt o f W od a n s hunt a fte r th e W hit e L a dy

’

a n d h e r m a id e n s W h e n it i s re m e mbe re d th a t be fo re he r
.

tra n s form a tion by Chri s ti a nity Urs u l a w a s the H unts

336 SAI N T UR S ULA .

m a n s o w n w i fe Frigga a qu a int incid e nt a ppe a rs in th e

’

, ,

la s t m e e ting be t w e e n the tw o A ft e r W od a n h a d be e n
.

tr a n s fpr me d to the D e vil h e i s s a id to h a ve m a d e out th e

,

a rchit e ctura l pl a n fo r Cologn e Ca th e dra l a n d o ffe re d it to

,

the a rchit e ct in re turn fo r a bond fo r h i s s oul ; but h a vin g

,

w e a kly a llo w e d him to ge t pos s e s s ion o f the docum e nt

b e fore the bond w a s s ign e d the a rchite ct dre w from und e r

,

hi s go w n a bon e o f St Urs ul a from w hich the D e vi l fl e d

.
,

in gre a t te rror It w a s bone o f h is bon e ; but a fte r s o

.

m a ny mythologica l vici s s itud e s W od a n a n d h i s Hors e l

could h a rdly be e xp e cte d to re cogni s e e a ch oth e r a t thi s
ch a nc e m e e tin g i n Colog n e .
 C H APTE R X XV I I .

LE BON D I ABLE .

The D e v il — Sa ta n a di v i n e a ge n t— St Ora i n s he r e sy
r e pa i n te d .
’

Pr i m i v v i —
ti e u n i e r sa l s m F a t e r Si n s tr a ti
h i — Sa l v a ti o n o f d e mo n s
-
M e d ie v a l s e c ts — Aqu i n a s — H is p r a ye r fo r Sa ta n — P o pu la r
a n ti pa th i e s— Th e D e v i l s gr a ti tu d e —D e v i l d e fe n d i n
’
g i n n o c e n c e

D e v il a ga i n st i d le lo r d s —The w ic k
e d a le -
w —
ife P i o u s o ffe n de rs
p u n i s h e d —An a c h r o n i s ti c D e v i ls— D e v i ls tu r n to p o e ms — D e v i l s
’

go o d a d v i c e — D e v il
s tic k s to — H i s lo v e o f
his w ord j u s ti c e
Ch a r le ma gn e and th e Se r pe n t— M e r li n — H i s p r i s o n of Ai r
M e phi sto phele s i n H e a v e n .

TH E phra s e w hi c h h e a d s thi s ch a pt e r i s a fa vourit e o n e in

Fra nc e It ma y h a ve ha d a e uph e mi s tic origin fo r the
.
,

gi a nts dre a d e d by primitive E urope a n s w e re too fo r mid

a bl e to b e lightly s pok e n o f Bu t w ithin mo s t o f the
.

p e riod co n c e rn ing w hich w e ha ve d e fi n it e kno w l e dg e s uch

phra s e s w ould more ge n e ra lly ha ve e xpre ss e d the h a l f
conte mptuou s pity w ith w hi c h th e s e huge be ings w it h
w e a k int e ll e cts w e r e re g a rd e d Th e D e vil importe d w ith
.

Chri s ti a n ity w a s m a d e ov e r a s w e h a ve s e e n into th e

, ,

im a ge o f th e D u mme te u fe l or s tupid good n a ture d gi a nt

,
-

a n d h e i s re pre s e nte d in m a ny l e ge nd s w hich s ho w h i m

giving hi s gi fts a n d s e rvic e s fo r p a ym e nts o f w hich h e i s

cons ta ntly ch e a t e d Le Bon D i a bl e in Fra nc e i s s om e
.

w h a t o f thi s ch a ra cte r a n d i s o ft e n t a k e n a s the s ign o f

,

tra d e s m e n w ho w is h to re pre s e nt the m s e lve s a s l a vi shing

th e ir good s re ckl e s s ly fo r in a d e qu a t e comp e n sa tion But .

th e l a rg e a cc e ss ion o f d e mon s a n d d e vil s from the E a s t .

33: TH E D E VI L R E PA I N TE D .

through J e w i s h a n d M o s l e m ch a nn e l s o f a ch a ra cte r fa r ,

from s tupid ga ve a n e w s e n s e to th a t phra se a n d corre

,

s p o n d i n g on e s .Th e re i s no doubt th a t a v e ry di s tinct

re a ction in fa vour o f the D e vil a ros e in E urope a n d o n e ,

e xpre s s iv e o f ve ry int e re s ting fa cts a n d forc e s The .

pl e a sa nt n a m e s give n h i m by the m a s s e s w ould a lo n e

,
—
indica t e thi s M on s i e ur D e Sc e le s ta t L ord V ol a nd , ,

Blii mli n (fl o w e r e t) F e d e rs pi e l ( ga y pl u m e d ) M a itre Be r

,
-

n a rd M a itr e P a rs i h ( P a ri s i a n )
, .

TIre D e v i l is n o t s o bla ck a s he s p a i n te d Thi s prove rb

’
.

conce rning the long outla w e d E vil On e ha s a re s pe cta ble

-

a ntiquity a n d th e fe e ling und e rlying it h a s by n o m e a n s

,

b e e n limite d to the vulga r E ve n the d e vo u t Ge orge

.

H e rb e rt w rot e
W e p a i n t the D e v il bla c k, ye t he
H a th s o me go o d i n hi m a ll a gr e e .

R obe rt B u rn s n a ive ly a pp e a l s to Old N ick s b e tte r

’

na ture
Bu t fa r e ye w e e l, a u ld N i c i e he n k -

O w a d ye ta k a th o u ght a n me n
’ ’

Ye a i b li n s mi gh t— I d i n n a ke n
Sti ll ha
’
e a s ta ke ;
I m w ae
’
to th i n k u po n y o n de n ,
E
’
en fo r y o u r sa ke !
It is h a rd to d e s troy the n a tura l s e ntim e n ts o f the
hum a n h e a rt H ow e ve r much th e y ma y be ov e rl a id by
.

th e tr a n s i e nt e xige nci e s o f a cre e d th e ir ind e s tructibl e ,

n a ture i s pre tty ce rta in to re ve a l it s e l f The mo s t or thodox .

s upport e rs o f divin e cru e lty in th e ir o w n th e ology w ill cry

out a ga in s t it in a noth e r The s a int w ho i s quite s a ti s fi e d

.

th a t the e ve rl a s ting torture o f Sa ta n or Jud a s is ju s tice ,

w ill look upon the doom o f Prom e th e u s a s a s ign o f

h e a th e n h e a rtl e ss n e s s ; a n d the burning o f o n e w idow fo r

a fe w mom e nts on he r h u sba nd s pyre w ill s timul a te ’

m e rci ful mi s s ion a ry a rdo u r a mo n g million s o f chri s tia n s

 SA I N T OR A I N S H E R E S Y
’
.

w hos e cre e d p a s s e s the sa m e poor victim to e ndl e ss tor

t u re a n d h a l f the hum a n ra c e w ith he r
,
.

It is doubtful w h e the r the ge n e ra l the ologica l conce ption

o f th e function s o f S a t a n i s con s i s t e nt w ith the b e li e f th a t

h e i s in a s t a t e o f s u ffe ring As a n a g e nt o f divin e puni s h

.

me nt he i s a p a rt o f th e divin e gove rnm e nt a n d it i s e v e n

proba bl e th a t h a d it n o t b e e n fo r the n e ce s s ity o f k e e ping
u p h i s o ffice th e ology it s e l f w ould h a ve found s om e m e a n s
,

o f r e l e a s ing him a n d h i s s ubordin a t e s from h e ll a n d ulti

rn a te ly o f r e s toring th e m to h e a ve n a n d virtu e .

It i s a l e ge nd o f the i s l a nd Ion a tha t w h e n St Columb a .

a tt e mpt e d to build a church th e re the D e vil the ,

s a m e D ru id m a gici a n s w h o tri e d to pre ve nt h i s l a nding

th e re by t e mpe s ts—thre w do w n the s ton e s a s o fte n a s

the y w e re pil e d up A n ora cl e d e cl a re d th a t the church
.

could a ris e only a ft e r s om e holy ma n h a d b e e n bu r i e d

a live a t th e s pot a n d the s a int s fri e nd Or a in o ffe re d him
’

s e l f fo r th e purpo se A fte r Ora in h a d b e e n buri e d a n d

.
,

th e w a ll w a s ri s i n g s e cure ly St Columb a w a s s e iz e d w ith

, .

a s trong d e s ire to look upon the fa c e o f h i s poor fri e nd

once more The w a ll w a s pull e d dow n the body dug up ;

.
,

b u t in s te a d o f Ora in b e ing found d e a d he s a t up a n d told ,

1
I n the pre p e tr i fie d e ra o f The o lo gy this ho p e a ppea rs to ha v e v i s i te d the
-

O
min d s o f s o me , r i ge n fo r i n s ta n ce Bu t by ma n y c e n tu r i e s o f u ti lisa ti o n the
.

D e v i l be c a me so e sse n ti a l to the thro n e o f Chr i s ti a n i ty tha t the o lo gia n s w e re

mo r e re a d y to G o d fr o m th e ir sys te m th a n Sa ta n
s pa r e E v e n the c le v e r .

M a d a me d e Sta é l, sa i d Go e the , w a s gr e a tly sc a n d a li se d th a t I k e pt the

’

De v i l i n su c h go o d h u mo u r -
I n the p r e se n ce o f G o d the
. athe r , she i n s i s te d F
u po n i t, he be mo re gr i m a n d s pi te fu l
o u gh t t
o W ha t w i ll she sa y i f s he se es
.

—
hi m p r o mo ted a s te p h igh e r , n a y, pe r ha ps, me e ts h i m i n he a v e n ? Tho ugh,
’

i n a n o the r c o n v e r sa ti o n w i th F
a l k , Go e the i n ti ma te s tha t he ha d w r i tte n a

w he r e th e D e v il hi ms e lf r e ce i v e s d me r cy fr o m Go d ’

p a ss a ge gr a c e an
, the
a r ti sti c the o ry o f h i s p o e m c o u ld p e r mi t n o n e a re r a
pp r o a c h to th i s tha n tho se
c lo si n g F
lin e s ( a u s t, I I ) i n w hi c h M e phi s top he les r e pr o a c he s the
.
ca se

ha r d e n e d D ev i l a n d hi mse lf fo r the i r mis ma n a ge me n t To the is o la te d , the

’
.

no t y e t hu ma n ise d , in te lle c t se n su a li ty is e v il w hen se n se less, a n d i ts he ll is

fo lly .
 8
3 4 PR I M I TJ VE U N I VE R SAL I SM

th e mbl e d chris ti a n s a round him tha t he ha d be e n to

a s se

the oth e r w orld a n d di s cove re d th a t th e y w e re i n e r ro r

,

a bout va rio u s t —
hings e s pe ci a lly a bout H e ll w hich r e a lly
, ,

did not e xi s t a t a ll Outra g e d by thi s h e res y the chris

.

ti a ns imm e dia t e ly cove re d up O ra in a ga i n in goo d e a rn e st .

The re s urre ction o f thi s primitive univ e rs a l is t o f th e

s e v e nth c e ntu r y a n d h is buri a l a g a in ma y be r e g a rd e d
, ,

a s typi fying a dr e a m o f th e ultim a te re s tora tio n o f the

unive rs e to the divin e s w a y w hich ha s o fte n give n s ig n s o f

li fe through chri s ti a n hi s tory though m a ny tim e s buri e d , .

Th e g e rm o f it i s e ve n in Pa ul s hop e th a t a t l a s t Go d
’ ‘

ma y be a ll in a ll ( 1 Co r xv ’
In Luk e x 1 7 a l s o i t
. . . , ,

w a s r e l a t e d th a t the s e ve nty w ho m J e s u s ha d s e nt o u t

a mong the idol w ors hipping G e ntil e s re turn e d a g in w i th

-
‘
a

joy s a ying Lord e ve n the d e vil s a r e s ubj e c t unto u s

, , ,

through thy n a m e The s e id e a s a r e re ca ll e d in va r iou s

.
’

l e ge nd s s uch a s th a t e l s e w he re re l a te d o f the Sa tyr w ho

,

ca m e to St A n tho n y to a s k h is pra ye rs fo r the sa lva ti o n

.

o f h i s d e monic tribe On the s tre ngth o f A nthony s ’

.

court e ou s tre a tm e nt o f tha t Sa tyr the fa mou s Co n s u lte u r ,

o f th e Inqui s ition Fa th e r Si n is tr a r i s e ve nte e nth c e ntu r

, ( y) ,

re s t e d much o f his a rgum e nt th a t d e mon s w e re i n clud e d

in the a ton e m e nt w rought by Chri s t a n d might a tta i n
fin a l b e a titud e The Fa th e r a fli r me d th a t thi s w a s impli e d
.

in Chris t s w ord s Othe r s h e e p I h a ve w hich a r e not o f

’

,
‘

thi s flock : th e m a l s o I mu s t bring a n d th e y s h a ll he a r ,

my voice ; a n d th e re s h a ll be o n e fold a n d o n e sh e ph e rd 1 ’

(John x . T h a t th e s e w ord s w e r e g e n e ra lly s uppo s e d

to re fe r to the inclu s ion o f th e Ge ntile w orld w a s n o t
a cc e pt e d by Si n i s tr a r i a s imp a iring h is a rgum e nt but the ,

contra ry He m a inta in e d w ith gre a t inge nuity th a t the

.

1
D e mo n ia li te , 60 6
’
2, &c . W e ma y ho pe tha t thi s lea r n e d ma n d u r i n g
,

h i s te n u re o f o fii ce u n d e r the I n qu is i tio n , ha d so me me rcy fo r the po o r de v i ls

d r a gge d be fo re tha ttr ibun a l .
 F A TH E R SI N I S TR A R I . s
3 3

sa l av tion o f th e G e ntil e s log i ca lly i n clud e s the sa lva tion

o f th e ir in s piring d e mon s a n d th a t th e re w ould not be
,

o n e fold i f th e s e a e ri a l be ing s w ho s e e xi s t e nc e a ll a u tho

,

r i ti e s a tte s t e d w e re e xcl u d e d,
H e e v e n intim a t e s though
.
,

more timidly th a t th e ir fa th e r Sa t a n him s e lf a s a pa r ti

, , ,

c i p a to r in th e S i n o f A d a m a n d Sh a r e r o f h i s curs e ma y ,

b e includ e d in the g e n e ra l provi s ion o f th e d e ity fo r th e e n

ti re a n d a bs olute re mova l o f the curs e throughout n a ture .

Si n i s tr a r i s book w a s pl a c e d on the Ind e x E xpurg a

’

a t R om e in 1 709 don e c c o r r i ga tu r e ight y e a rs

’ ’
to r i u s
‘
, ,

a fte r th e a uthor s d e a th ; it w a s re publi s h e d

’ ‘ ’
c o r r e c tu s , ,

1 75 3 . But the fa ct th a t s uch se ntime nts ha d occupi e d

ma ny d e vout mind s i n the Church a n d th a t th e y h a d ,

re a che d th e dignity o f a con s i ste nt a n d s chol a rly s t a t e

me nt in th e ology w a s prov e d The opinion gre w out o f
, .

d e e pe r roots th a n N e w Te s ta m e nt phra s e s or the A nthony

fa bl e s Th e Church ha d b e e n fo r a g e s ng a g e d in the
.

e
va s t ta s k o f conve rting the G e ntil e w orld ; in th e cours e
o f th a t t a s k it h a d s ucc e e d e d only by s ucc e s s ive s u r

re nd e rs o f the im po s s ibl e principl e s w ith w hich it ha d

s t a rte d Th e Princ e o f thi s W orld h a d b e e n ba ptiz e d
.

a fre s h w ith e ve ry E urop e a n thron e a s c e nd e d by the

Church A s mod e u s h a d triumph e d i n the s a cra m e nta l
.

i n clu s ion o f m a rri a ge ; St Fra nci s d A ss is i pre a ch i ng to

.
’

th e a nim a l s r e pre s e nt e d innum e ra bl e piou s myth s w hich

,

h a d be e n impo s s ibl e und e r th e old b e li e f in a unive r s a l

curs e re s ting upo n n a ture Th e e volution o f thi s t e nd e ncy
.

ma y b e tra c e d through th e e n tire hi s tory o f the Church

in s uch s e cts a s the P a ulici a n s Ca tha ri Bogomil e s a n d , , ,

oth e rs w ho though th e y a ga in a n d a ga in formul a t e d

, ,

a ne w th e principl e o f a n e t e rn a l D u a li s m a s o fte n ,

re ve a l e d s om e furth e r s ta ge in the progre s s ive a dva nce

o f th e chri s ti a ni s e d mind to w a rd s a norm a l re la tio n w it h

n a ture . Thu s the Ca th a ri m a inta in e d th a t only thos e

V OL I I . . 2 B
386 A QU I N A S .

b e i n gs w ho w e re cre a te d by th e e vil principl e w ould

re m a i n unre cove re d ; tho s e w h o w e re cre a t e d by G o d but ,

s e duc e d by th e A dve r s a ry w ould be s a v e d a ft e r s u ffi ci e nt

,

e xpi a tion . Th e fa ll e n a ng e l s th e y b e li e v e d w e re p a s s ing

, ,

th roug h e a rthly in s om e c a s e s a n im a l bodi e s to the tru e

, ,

Church a n d to h e a ve n Such vi e w s a s th e s e w e re not

.

thos e o f the l e a rn e d but o f th e di s se nting s e cts a n d the y

, ,

pre pa re d ignora nt mind s in m a ny countri e s fo r tha t

re viva l o f confid e nc e in th e ir ba ni s h e d d e iti e s w hich m a d e
th e cult o f W itchcra ft .

St Tho ma s A quin a s th e A ng e lica l D octor in hi s‘ ’

.
, ,

fa mou s w ork Summ a Th e ologi e m a inta i n s th a t i n th e ’

,

R e s urre ction the bodi e s o f th e re d e e m e d w ill ri s e w ith a ll

th e ir s e n se s a n d orga n s includi n g tho s e o f se x a ctive a n d
, ,

re fin e d Th e a uth e ntic a ffi rm a tion o f th a t doctrin e i n the

.

th i rt e e nth c e ntu r y w a s o f a s ignific a nc e fa r be yond th e

compre h e n s i on o f the Church A quin a s con fu s e d the lin e s
.
.

b e tw e e n fl e s h a n d s pirit e s p e ci a lly by a dmitting s e x into

,

h e a ve n Th e D e vil could not be fa r be hind The tru e

. .

i nt e rpre t a tion o f h i s doctrin e i s to b e fou n d in the l e ge nd

th a t A quin a s p a s s e d a night in pra ye r fo r th e s a lva tion
a n d re s tora tion o f th e D e vil Thi s l e g e n d i s the s ubj e ct
.

o f a mod e rn po e m s o fra ught w ith the s pirit o f t h e m e di e

v a l h e a rt, pini n g i n i ts dogm a tic pri son th a t I c a nnot ,

forb e a r q u oting it h e re

All d a y Aqu i n a s s a t a lo n e
Co mpr e s s e d he s a t a n d s p o k e n o w o r d ,
As s till a s a n y ma n o f s to n e ,
I n s tr e e ts w he r e n e v e r v o i c e i s he a r d
W i th ma s s i v e fr o n t a n d a i r a n tiqu e
H e s a t, d id n e i th e r mo v e o r s pe a k,
F o r tho ugh t li ke h i s se e me d w o r d s to o w e a k .

The sha d o w s br o w n a bo u t hi m la y
F ro m s u n r i s e till th e s u n w e n t o u t,

H a d s a t a lo n e tha t ma n o f gr e y,
Tha t ma r b le ma n , h a r d c r a mpt by d o u b t
 H I S PR A YE R F OR SA TAl V 8
’

.
3 7

So me ki n gly pr o ble m ha d h e fo u n d ,
So me n e w be li e f n o t w ho lly s o u n d,
So me ho pe tha t o v e r le a pt a ll bo u n d .

All d a y Aqu i n a s s a t a lo n e ,

N0 a n sw e r to h i s q u e s ti o n ca me ,
An d n ow he h o llo w gr o a n ,
r o se w i th

An d e ye s th a t s e e me d ha lf lo v e , ha lf fl a me .

On th e ba r e flo o r he flu n g him do w n ,

P a le ma ble fa c e
r ,
ha lf s mi le , ha lf fr o w n ,
Br o w n s ha do w e ls e , mi d sha d o w s br o w n .

O ’
G o d , he s a id ,
‘
i t c a n n o t be ,
Th y M o m i n g s ta r , -
w ith e n d le s s mo a n ,
Sho u ld li ft h i s fa d i n g or bs to th e e ,
An d th o u be ha ppy o n thy th r o n e .

I t w e r e n o t k i n d , n a y, Fa the r , n a y,
I tw e re j
n o t u st
,
0 Go d , I s a y,

P r a y fo r th y Lo s t On e , J e s u s, p ra
y

Ho w ca n th y ki n gd o m e v er co me ,
W h i le th e fa i r a n ge ls ho w l be lo w ?
All h o ly v o i ce s w o u ld be d u mb ,

All lo v i n g e ye s w o u ld fill w ith w o e ,

k
To thi n th e lo r d li e st P e e r o f He a v e n ,
Th e s ta r r y le a d e r of th e Se v e n ,

W o u ld n e v e r, n e v e r, be fo r gi v e n .

fo r th y Lo s t On e, J e s u s , pr a y
Pr a y
0 W o r d tha t ma d e th i n e a n ge l s pe a k!
Lo r d le t th y pi ty i n g te a r s h a v e w a y
D ea r G o d n o t ma n a lo n e i s w e a k .

W ha t i s c r e a te d s ti ll mu st fa ll ,

An d fa ir e s t s ti ll w e fr a i le st c a ll
W ill n ot Ch r i s ts
’
blo o d av a i l fo r a ll

Pr a yfo r thy Lo s t O n e , J e s u s , p r a y
k
0 F a the r th i n u po n th y c h ild
Tu r n fr o m th y own br ight w o r ld a w a y ,

An d lo o k u po n th a t d u n ge o n w i ld .

O G o d 0 J e s u s ! se e h o w d a r k
Tha t d e n of w oe ! O Sa v i o u r ! ma r k
Ho w an ge ls w e e p, h o w gr o a n H a r k, ha r k !
388 P OP UL A R AN TI PA TH I E S .

He w i ll n o t, w ill n o t do i t mo r e ,
R e s to r e hi m to h i s th r o n e a ga i n

O h, o pe n w i d e th a t d i sma l d o o r
W h i c h p re s s e s o n the so u ls i n pa i n .

So me n a n d a n ge ls a l l w ill sa y,
’
O u r G o d i s go o d Oh, d a y by d a y, .

Pr a y fo r th y Lo s t On e , J e s u s, p r a y

All n igh t Aqu i n a s kn e lt a lo n e ,

Alo n e w i th bla c k a n d d r e a d fu l N ight ,

U n ti l be fo r e hi s ple a d in g mo a n

T he d a r kn ss e bb e d a w a y i n li ght
e .

’
T he n r o s e the s a i n t, a n d Go d , s a id he ,
I f da r kn e s s c ha n ge to li gh t w i th the e ,
The D e v i l ma y y e t a n a n ge l be .
’
1

W hil e thi s might be the fe e ling

d e vout philo s ophe rs o f
w ho s e mind s w e r e b e ginning to form a conc e ption o f a

Co s mo s in w hich th e id e a o f a p e rp e tu a l e mpire o f E vi l
could fin d no pl a ce the humbl e a n d oppre s s e d m a s s e s a s
, ,

w e h a v e s e e n in the ch a pt e r on W itchcra ft w e re fa mili a ri s ,

ing the ir mind s w ith the po w e rs a n d glori e s o f a Sa ta n

in a nt a goni s m to the d e iti e s a n d s a in ts o f the Church .

It w a s not a p e nit e nt d e vil s upplic a ti n g fo r p a rdon w ho m

th e y d e s ire d bu t the ve rita bl e Princ e o f the W orld to
, ,

w hom a s w e ll a s to the ms e lve s th e ir Chri s ti a n oppre s s ors

w e r e odiou s Th e y inve s t e d the Po w e rs w hich the pri e s ts

.

pronounc e d i n fe r n a l w ith tho s e hum a nly ju s t a n d g e ni a l

qu a liti e s th a t ha d be e n di s ca rd e d by e ccl e s i a s tica l a mbi
tion Th e l e ge nd s w hich mu s t be inte rpre te d in thi s
.

s e n s e a re ve ry num e rou s a n d a fe w o f th e mo s t ch a ra cte r

,

i s ti c mu s t s u ffic e u s h e r e T he h a bit o f a ttributing e v e ry

.

mi s h a p to th e D e vil w a s r e buke d in m a ny l e ge nd s On e .

o f th e s e r e l a t e d th a t w h e n a p a rty w e re dri v ing ove r a

rough ro a d the w a ggon brok e do w n a n d o n e o f the
comp a ny e xcl a im e d Thi s i s a bit o f th e D e vil s w ork !
,
’ ’

1
Re v e r be r a ti o n s .
’
By W . M . W . Ca ll, M A . .
, Ca m r idge b . Se c o n d
E d i ti o n . Trii bn e r 8
: Co .
, 1 876 .
 TH E D E VI L S G R A TI T UB E 8
’
.
3 9

A g e ntl e m a n pre se nt s a id It i s a bit o f corpora tion w ork

,
.

I don t b e li e ve in s a ddling th e D e vil w ith a ll the ba d roa d s

’

a n d ba d a xl e s Som e tim e a ft e r w h e n thi s s e cond s p e a k e r

’
.
,

w a s riding ov e r th e s a m e ro a d a lon e a n old g e ntl e m a n i n ,

bl a ck me t him a n d h a ving tha nk e d him fo r h is d e fe nc e o f

,

th e D e vil pr e s e nt e d him w ith a c a s k e t o f s pl e ndid j e w e l s

, .

Ve ry n u m e ro u s a r e l e g e nd s o f the D e vil s a pp a rition to

’

a s s i s t poor a rchit e ct s a n d m e ch a nics un a bl e to compl e t e

th e ir contra cts e ve n c a rving b e a uti ful church pill a rs a n d

,

th e lik e fo r th e m a n d thi s s om e tim e s w itho u t re c e ivi n g a n y

,

r e comp e n s e The D e vil s a ppa rition in d e fe nc e o f a ccu s e d

.
'

innoc e nc e is a w e ll kno wn fe a t u re o f E urop e a n folklore

-
.

On o n e occa s io n a s oldi e r h a vi n g s toppe d a t a c e rt a in inn

, ,

co n fid e d to th e innk e e pe r s om e mo n e y h e h a d fo r s a fe
k e e pi n g a n d w h e n h e w a s a bout to l e a ve the innke e pe r
,

d e ni e d h a ving re c e ive d the d e po s it Th e s oldi e r b a tt e re d .

do w n the door a n d the n e ighbou rs o f th e innk e e p e r a

, ,

promin e nt ma n in th e to w n put him in pri s on w h e re he , ,

la y in pro s p e ct o f s u ffe ring d e a th fo r a n a tte mpt e d burgl a ry .

Th e poor s oldi e r b e i n g a s tra ng e r w ithout m e a n s w a s

, ,

u n a bl e to obt a in coun s e l to d e fe nd him W h e n th e p a rti e s .

a pp e a re d b e fore th e m a gi s tra t e a s m a rt young l a w y e r w ith , ,

blu e h a t a n d w hite fe a th e rs unk n o w n in the to w n v o lu n , ,

t e e re d to d e fe nd the s oldi e r a n d re l a t e d th e w hol e s tory ,

w ith s uch e ffe ct th a t the i n nk e e p e r in h i s e xcit e m e nt cri e d ,

D e vil t a k e me i f I h a v e the mo n e y ! In s t a n tly the

s m a rt la w y e r s pr e a d h i s w in gs a n d s e izi n g th e innk e e p e r , , ,

di s a pp e a re d w ith him throug h the roo f o f th e court roo m -

.

Th e in n k e e p e r s w i fe s truck w i th horror r e s tore d th e

’
, ,

mon e y I n a n A ltm a rk ve rs ion o f thi s s tory th e D e vil

.

vi s it s th e pri s on e r during th e pre viou s night a n d a s ks fo r ’

h i s s oul a s fe e but the s oldi e r r e fu se s s a ying he h a d

, ,

r a th e r d i e D e s pit e thi s the D e vil int e rve n e d It w a s a n

. .

old tim e cu s tom in D e nm a rk fo r courts to s i t w ith a n op e n

-
39 0 TH E WI CK E D ALE WI F E -
.

w indo w in ord e r th a t the D e vil might more e a s ily fly a w a y

,

w ith th e p e rjur e r .

A l w a y s a d e mocra t the D e vil i s s a id in ma ny s tori e s

,

to h a v e int e r fe re d in fa vour o f th e p e a s a nt or s e r f a g a in st

th e nobl e .O n o n e occ a s ion h e r e li e ve d a c e rt a in di s trict

o f a ll i ts a rroga nt a n d idl e nobl e m e n by ga th e ri n g th e m

u p in a s a ck a n d flying a w a y w ith th e m ; but unh a ppily ,

a s h e w a s p a s s i ng ove r th e to w n o f F ri e s a ck h i s s a ck ,

c a m e in colli s ion w ith the church s t e e pl e a n d through ,

th e hol e s o tor n a l a rg e numb e r o f nobl e lord s fe ll into

the to w n — w hich th e nc e d e riv e d ts n a m e

i — a n d th e re th e y

F ig . 2 3. —Tu a W i c x i m AL E -
W I FE .

.
r e m a in e d to b e p a tron s o f the s t e e pl e a n d burth e n s o n
the p e opl e .

Th e D e vil w a s univ e rs a lly r e g a rd e d a s a N e m e s i s on a ll

p ublic a n s a n d a le w iv e s w ho a dult e r a t e d th e b e e r th e y
-

d e a lt out to th e p e opl e or g a v e s hort m e a s ure s

, At .

R e e tz i n A ltm a rk th e l e g end o f a n a le w i fe w ith w hom

, ,
-

h e fl e w a w a y i s conn e ct e d w ith a s to n e on w hich th e y a r e

s a id to h a v e r e s t e d a n d th e vill a g e r s s e e th e re on prints
,

o f th e D e vil s hoo f a n d th e w om a n s fe e t Thi s w a s a

’ ’
.
 PI O US OF F E N D E R S .
39 1

fa vou rite th e m e o f old E ngli s h l e ge nd s Th e a ccomp a ny .

i n g Figure o n e o f th e mi s e re re s in L udlow p a ri s h
church Shrop s hire re pre s e nts the e n d o f a w ick e d a le
, ,

w i fe
. A d e vil on o n e s id e re a d s the long li s t o f he r
s hortcoming s a n d on the oth e r s id e h e ll mouth i s re c e iving
,
-

oth e r s inn e rs A d e vil w ith b a gpip e w e lcom e s h e r a rriva l

. .

She c a rri e s w ith h e r only h e r fra udu le nt m e a s ur e a n d the

fa s hion a bl e h e a d dre s s p a id fo r o u to f i ts w ick e d g a i n s
-
.

In a m a rion e tt e p e r form a nc e w hich I w itn e ss e d a t

Tours th e a ccu s a tion s brought a g a in s t th e tr a d e s m e n
,

w h o ch e a t e d th e p e opl e w e re s uch a s to m a k e o n e w i s h

th a t the s e rvic e s o f s om e e qu a lly s trict d e vil could be

s e cure d by th e a uthoriti e s o f a ll citi e s to d e te ct a dul ,

te r a to r s a n d d e a l e rs i n fa l s e w e ight s a n d m e a s ur e s Th e .

s a me re tributive a ge ncy i n th e popul a r int e re s t w a s

, ,

a s crib e d to th e D e vil in h i s a ttitud e to w a rd s mi s e rs .

Th e re b e ing no la w w hich could re a ch me n w hos e

h oa rd e d w e a lth brought no good to th e m s e lve s or oth e rs ,

s uch w e re d e e m e d prop e r c a s e s fo r th e int e rpo s ition o f

the D e vil Th e re i s a s ignifica nt contra s t b e t w e e n th e

.

l e ge nd s fa voure d by th e Church a n d thos e o f popul a r

o rigin .Th e form e r m a d e promin e nt in fre s co e s o fte n
‘

, ,

s how h o w a t th e w e ighing o f s oul s th e s inn e r i s s a v e d by

, ,

a s a int or a nge l or by s om e in s t a nc e o f s e r vic e to th e

,

Church b e ing pl a c e d in th e s c a l e a g a in s t th e oth e rw i s e

he a vi e r re cord o f e vil d e e d s A ch a ra ct e ri s tic l e g e nd i s
.

th a t w hich i s the s u bj e ct o f th e fre s coe s in the portico

o f St L or e nzo Church a t R om e ( thirt e e nth c e nt u ry
.
) St . .

L a w re nc e s e e s four d e vil s p a s s ing h i s h e rmit a g e a n d ,

l e a rn s from the m th a t th e y a r e going fo r th e s oul o f

H e n ry I I I n the n e xt s c e n e w h e n th e w ick e d Cou nt i s
.
,

w e igh e d th e s croll o f h i s e vil d e e d s fa r out w e igh s th a t o f

,

h i s good a ction s until th e Sa int c a s t s into th e s c a l e a

,

cha lice w hich the princ e h a d onc e giv e n to h i s church .

39 2 A N A CH R ON I S TI C D E VI L S

For th a t one a ct oul a s c e nd s to p a ra di s e a mid

H e nry
’
s s

th e mo r ti fic a ti o n o f th e D e vil s Thou gh Ch a rl e s M a rt e l .

s a v e d E urop e from Sa r a c e n s w a y h e onc e utili s e d e pi s

,

cop a l re ve nu e s fo r re li e f o f the s ta te ; con s e q u e ntly a

s ynod d e cl a re s him d a mn e d a s a int s e e s him i n h e ll a , ,

s ulphurou s dra gon i s s u e s fro m h i s gra v e On the othe r .

h a nd the popul a r id e a o f th e fa t e o f di s tingui s he d s inn e rs

,

ma y be found hid u nd e r mi s e re re s w h e re kings s om e tim e s ,

a pp e a r in H e ll a n d in th e e a rly pictur e book s w hich con

,
-

ta i n e d a h a l f chri s ti a ni s e d folklor e
-

It h a s b e e n ob s e rve d th a t the e a rly n a ture d e iti e s -

r e fl e cting the e vil a n d good o f n a ture in pa rt through ,

th e progre s s o f hum a n tho u ght a n d id e a lity a n d throug h ,

n e w e thnic a l riva lri e s w e r e d e gr a d e d into d e mon s

, Th e y .

th e n r e pre s e nt e d the p a i n s ob s truction s a n d fe a rs in , ,

n a ture .W e h a ve s e e n th a t a s th e s e a pp a re nt e xte rn a l
e vil s w e re va nqui s h e d or b e tt e r und e rs tood th e d e mo n s ,

p a ss e d to th e in w a rd n a ture a n d re pre s e nt e d a n e w s e ri e s
,

o f p a i n s ob s truction s a n d fe a rs
,
But th e s e too w e re in
, .
, ,

p a rt va nqui s h e d or b e tt e r und e rs tood Still more th e y

, .
,

s o ch a ng e d th e ir form s th a t th e a n ci e nt d e mon s turn e d -

d e vil s w e re no lo n ge r s u ffi ci e ntly e xpre ss iv e to r e p r e

s e nt th e m Thu s w e find th a t th e J e w s moh a m m e d a n s
.
, ,

a n d chri s ti a n s did not find th e ir s e v e r a l s p e ci a l a nt a go n i s t s

impre s s ive ly re pre s e nt e d by e ith e r Sa ta n Ibli s or Be e lz e , ,

bub E a ch th e re fore pe rs onifi e d i ts fo e in a ccord a nc e

.
, ,

w ith l t
a e r e xp e ri e n c e s — an Oppon e n t c a ll e d A r millu s ,

A ld a j j a i l A ntichri s t (a ll m e a n ing th e s a m e thi n g) in w ho m

, ,

a ll oth e r d e vil s w e r e m e rg e d .

A s to th e ir S p irit ; but a s to th e ir form s th e y s hra nk in

s iz e a n d import a nc e a n d did duty in s m a ll w a y s
,
We .

h a ve s e e n h o w gre a t dra gon s w e re e nga g e d in fright e ning

boys w ho fi s h e d on Sund a ys or oppre s s ive s quire s ; h o w ,

Sa ta n pre s id e d ov e r w in e c a s k s or w a s a d a pt e d to the
-

,
 D E VI L S TURN TO P OE M S .
39 3

p u n i s hm e nt o f pro fa nity ; h o w ho s t s o f onc e tr e m e n dou s

fi e nd s turn e d into th e grot e s qu e littl e form s w hich Ca llot ,

tr uly copyi n g th e popul a r noti on s a round him p a int e d ,

a s motl e y imp s di s turbing monk s a t th e ir pra y e rs S uch .

d i minution s o f the d e vil s corre s pon d to a p a ra ll e l proc e ss

.

a mong th e god s a n d godd e s s e s by w hich th e y w e r e ch a ng e d

,

to littl e p e opl e or fa iri e s I n both c a s e s the tra n s form a

‘
.

tion i s a n e xpre ss ion o f popul a r di s b e li e f in th e ir re a lity .

But re vi v a l s took pl a c e The fa ct o f e vil i s p e rm a n e nt ;

.

a n d w h e n e v e r th e old ch a in s o f fe a r a ft e r long ru s ting , ,

fi n a l ly bre a k th e re follow s a n in s urre ction a g a i n s t th e

,

s oci a l a n d mor a l ord e r w hich a l a rm s th e l e a rn e d a n d th e

p iou s
. T h e s e s e e a g a in t h e in s tig a tion s o f e vil po w e r s ,

a n d it t a k e s form in th e im a gin a tion o f a D a nt e a L uth e r , ,

a M ilton . But w h e n the s e n e w portra its o f th e D e v i l a r e

p a inte d it i s w ith s o much cont e mpora r y colouri n g th a t
,

th e y do not a n s w e r to th e tra dition a l d e vil s pre s e rve d in

folklore D a nt e s W or m doe s not re s e mbl e th e s e rp e nt o f
’
.

fa bl e n o r doe s M ilton s Sa t a n a n s w e r to the fe a th e re d

’

clow n o f M ira cl e Pl a y s Thu s b e hind th e a ctu a l e vil s

.
,

w hich b e s e t a n y tim e th e re s t a n d s a n a rra y o f gra nd d i a

,

bo li c a l n a m e s d e t a ch e d from pre s e nt p e ril s on w hich the

, ,

pop u l a r fa ncy ma y w ork w ithout re a lly involving a n y

th e ory o f A bs olute E vil a t a ll W e re s ta rry L uci fe r .

to b e r e s tore d to hi s h e a ve nly s ph e re h e w ould be o n e ,

gre a t bra nd pluck e d from th e burning but the burn ,

ing might s till go on Th e ology it s e l f h a d fi ll e d th e

.

w orld w ith oth e r d e vil s by di a boli s i n g a ll the god s a n d

godd e s s e s o f riva l re ligion s a n d the compa ss ion a t e h e a rt

,

w a s thu s l e ft fre e to s e l e ct s uch form s or fa ir n a me s a s

p r e s e r v e d s om e r e mn a nt o f a nci e nt m a j e s ty a round th e m ,

or s om e r a y from th e ir once divin e h a lo a n d pra y or hop e ,

fo r th e i r p a rdon a n d s a lv a tion F a ll e n foe s no longe r

.
,

a ble to h a r m c a n h a rdly fa il to a w a k e n pity a n d c le m e ncy

,
.
 D E VI L S G O OD AD VI CE
’
.

W ith picture o f D ive s a n d La z a ru s pre s e nte d e l s e

the

w h e re (vol i p 2 81 ) ma y be i n s tructive ly comp a re d th e

. . .

a ccomp a nying s c e n e o f a rich ma n s d e a th be d ( F i g

’
-
.

t a k e n fro m A r s M o r i e n d i o n e o f the e a rly block boo k s

,
’
-
.

Thi s picture i s v e ry re m a rk a bl e fro m th e s ugg e s tion i t

cont a in s o f a n oppo s ition b e tw e e n a d e vil on the dyin g
m a n s right a n d the hid e ou s dra gon on h i s l e ft W hil e
’
.

the dra gon hold s up a s croll bidding h i m think o f h i s ,

Fi g
. 2 4. —A M a n i m m . D a r a -
nan .

tre a s ure Yn te n a e the sa u r o) , the D e vil

’
ugg e s ts pro v i s ion s

fo r h is fri e nd s (Pr o f/ i d ea s Th i s d e vil s e e m s to be

a re pre s e nt a tiv e o f the rich m a n s re l a tive s w ho s ta nd n e a r
’

a n d a pp e a rs to b e s upport e d by h i s ugly s up e rior w h o ,

points tow a rd s h e ll a s the pe n a l ty o f not m a king s uch pro

vi s ion a s i s s ugge ste d Th e re w ould a pp e a r to be in thi s
.

picture a va gu e di s tinction b e t w e e n th e m e re b e sti a l fi e nd

w h o t e mpt s a n d th e ugly but good n a tur e d d e vil w h o
,
-

puni s h e s a n d w hom rich s inn e rs c a nnot e s c a pe by be qu e s ts

,

to churche s .

O n e o f the mo s t not a bl e s ig n s o f th e a pp e a ra nc e o f th e
‘
 D E VI L S TI CK S TO H I S W OR D .
39 5

g o od D e vil w a s the unive rs a l b e li e f th a t he inva ri a bly

’

s tu ck to h i s w ord I n a ll E urop e a n folklore th e re i s no

.

i n s ta nc e o f h i s h a ving brok e n a promi s e In thi s re s p e ct .

h i s r e p u t a tion s t a nd s fa r high e r th a n th a t o f the chri s ti a n s ,

s e e i n g th a t it w a s a bo a s t o f th e s a int s th a t follow ing th e ,

e x a mpl e o f th e ir godh e a d w ho ou tw itt e d S a t a n in th e

,

b a rg a in fo r m a n s r e d e mption th e y w e re continu a lly

’
,

c h e a ting th e D e vil by t e chnic a l quibbl e s Th e re i s a .

s i g nific a nt s a ying found a mo n g Pru s s i a n a n d D a ni s h

p e a s a nt s th
, a t you m a y obt a in a thing by c a lling on
J e s u s but i f you w ould be s ure o f it y o u mu s t c a l l on
,

th e D e vil ! Th e tw o p a rti e s w e re j udg e d by th e ir r e p r e

se n ta ti v e s .

On e o f the rli e s t l e g e nd a ry comp a cts w ith the D e vil

ea

w a s th a t m a d e by St Th e ophilu s in th e s ixth c e ntury ;

.

w h e n h e b e c a m e a l a rm e d a n d p e nit e nt th e Virgin M a ry ,

ma n a g e d to trick Sa ta n out o f th e fa t a l bond Th e .

Gol d e n Le g e nd o f J a cobu s d e V ora gin e t e ll s w hy Sa t a n

w a s u nd e r th e n e c e s s ity o f d e m a nding in e v e ry c a s e a

bond s ign e d w ith blood The chri s ti a n s s a id Sa t a n

.
‘
,
’
,

a r e ch e a ts ; th e y m a k e a ll s ort s o f promi s e s s o long a s

th e y w a nt me a n d th e n l e a ve me in the lurch a n d re con

, ,

cil e th e m s e lve s w ith Chri s t s o s oon a s by my h e lp th e y , ,

h a ve got w h a t th e y w a nt .
’

E ve n a p a rt from the con s id e ra tion o f po ss e ss ing th e

s oul th e a nci e nt o ffi c e o f Sa t a n a s l e g a l pro s e cutor o f s oul s
,

tra n s mitt e d to the l a t e s t form s into w hich h e w a s modifi e d

, ,

thi s ch a ra ct e r fo r ju stic e M a ny m e die va l s tori e s re port

.

h i s gra titud e w h e n e ve r h e i s tr e a t e d w ith ju s tic e though ,

s om e o f th e s e a re di s gui se d by conn e ction w ith oth e r

d e monic form s Such i s th e c a s e w ith the follo w ing
.

rom a nc e conc e rning Ch a rl e m a gn e .

W h e n Ch a rl e m a gn e d w e lt a t Z u rich in the hou se com ,

mo n ly ca ll e d Zum L och h e ha d a column e r e cte d to

‘
,
’
39 6 CH AE LE M A ON E A N D TH E SE R PE N I Z

w hich a h e ll w a s a tta ch e d by a rope A n y o n e th a t .

d e m a nd e d ju s tic e could ring thi s be ll w h e n the king w a s

a t h is m e a l s It h a pp e n e d o n e d a y th a t the b e l l s ound e d
.
,

but w he n the s e rva nt s w e nt to look no o n e w a s the r e .

It continu e d ringing s o the E mpe ror comm a nd e d the m to

,

go a ga in a n d find out th e c a u s e Th e y n o w re m a rk e d .

tha t a n e normou s s e rp e n t a ppro a ch e d the rop e a n d pull e d

it Te rrifie d th e y brought the n e w s to the E mpe ro r w h o

.
, ,

imm e di a t e ly ro s e in ord e r to a dmini s te r j u s tice to b e a s t a s

w e ll a s ma n A ft e r th e re ptil e h a d re s p e ct fully inclin e d
.

b e fore the e mp e ror it le d him to th e ba nk s o f th e rive r

,

a n d s ho w e d him s itting u po n i ts n e s t a n d e gg s a n e no r
, ,

mou s toa d Ch a rl e m a gn e h a ving e xa min e d the c a s e

.

—
d e cid e d thu s The toa d w a s cond e mn e d to be burnt a n d
j u s tice sho w n to th e s e rpe nt Th e ve rdict w a s no s oon e r .

give n th a n it w a s a ccompli s h e d A fe w d a ys a fte r th e .

s n a k e r e turn e d to court bo w e d lo w to the K ing cre p t

, ,

upon the t a bl e took the cove r from a gold gobl e t s t a nd i n g

,

th e re droppe d i n to it a pre ciou s s ton e bo w e d a ga in a n d

, ,

cre pt a w a y O n th e s pot w h e re the s e rpe nt s n e s t h a d

.
’

b e e n Ch a rl e m a gn e built a church c a ll e d W a s se rk e lch

,
‘
.
’

Th e s ton e h e g a ve to h i s much lov e d s pou s e Thi s s to n e

-
.

pos s e s s e d the po w e r o f m a ki n g the o w n e r e s pe cia lly love d

by the E mp e ror s o th a t w h e n a bse nt from h is qu e e n h e
,

mourn e d a n d longe d fo r h e r She w e ll a w a re th a t i f i t .

,

c a m e into oth e r h a nd s th e E mp e ror w ould s oon forge t h e r ,

put it und e r he r tongu e in the hour o f d e a th The qu e e n .

w a s buri e d w ith the s ton e but Ch a rl e m a gn e could n o t

,

s e p a ra t e him s e l f from th e bo d y s o h a d it e xhum e d a n d , ,

fo r e ight e e n y e a rs c a rri e d it a bout w ith him w he re ve r h e

w e nt . I n th e me a ntim e a courti e r w ho h a d h e a r d o f th e
,

s e cr e t virtu e o f th e s ton e s e a rch e d th e corps e a n d a t l a s t

, ,

found th e s to n e hidd e n und e r the tongu e a n d took it ,

a w a y a n d conc e a l e d it on h i s o w n p e rs on Imm e d ia t e ly .
th e E mp e ror s love fo r h is w i fe turn e d to the courti e r w hom
’

h e n o w s c a rc e ly p e rmitte d o u t o f h i s s ight A t Cologn e

.

th e courti e r in a fit o f a ng e r thre w th e s to n e into a hot

s pring a n d s inc e th e n no o n e h a s s ucc e e d e d in finding

,

i t Th e love the E mp e ror h a d fo r the knight c e a se d but

.
,

h e fe lt him s e l f w ond e r fully a ttra cte d to th e _pl a c e w h e re

th e s ton e la y hidd e n On thi s s pot h e fo u nd e d A i x la
.
-

C h a p e ll e h i s s ubs e qu e nt fa vou r ite pl a c e o f re s id e nce

, .

I t i s not w ond e rful th a t the tra dition s hould a ri s e a tA i x ,

fou nd e d by the hu m a n h e ro o f thi s rom a nc e th a t the pl a n ,

o f i ts c a th e dra l w a s s uppli e d by the D e vil ; but it i s ch a r a c

te r i s ti c th e r e s hould b e a s s oci a t e d w ith thi s l e g e nd a n

e x a mpl e o f h o w h e w h o a s a s e rp e nt w a s a w a rd e d j u s tic e

by Ch a rl e m a gn e w a s ch e a te d by the pri e s ts o f A i x The .

D e vil g a ve the d e sign on condition th a t h e w a s to h a v e

th e firs t w h o e nte re d th e compl e t e d c a th e dra l a n d a ,

w ol f w a s go a d e d into the s tructure in fulfilm e nt o f th e

contra ct !
I n the a nci e nt myth a n d rom a unt o f M e rlin ma y be
fo u nd the m e di ae va l w itn e ss to th e d i a boli s e d r e ligion o f
Brita in Th e e m a s cul a te d s a ints o f the South e a s t could
.
-

not s a ti s fy the vigorou s ra c e in the N orth w e s t a n d w h e n

-

i ts god s w e re outl a w e d a s d e vil s th e y brought the chi e f

o f th e m b a ck a s it w e r e h a d him duly b a ptiz e d a n d s e t
, ,

a bout h i s old w ork i n th e for m o f M e rlin ! H e r e s id e ,

by s id e w ith the a s ce tic J e s u s brought by Ga ti e n a n d

A ugu s tin w a s a N orth e rn Chri s t s o n o f a n A rch i n cub u s
, ,
-

born o f a V irgin ba ptiz e d in the s hrunke n Jord a n o f a

,

font p e rforming mira cl e s s ummoning dra gon s to h i s a i d

, , ,

ove rcoming D e a th a n d H e ll i n hi s w a y brought b e fore h is

,

Pila te but con founding him throning a n d d e th roning kings

, ,

a n d l e a ding fo rth on th e D a y o f P e nt e co s t a n a rmy w ho s e

, ,

knight s a r e in s pire d by G u e n e v e r s ki s s e s in pl a c e o f fl a m
’

ing tongu e s H o w M e rlin w e nt a bout doing good a fte r

.
,
’
 39 8 TH E PR I S ON OF A I R .

N orthm a n id e a l o f s uch w ork ho w he s a ve d th e li fe

’
th e s

o f h i s u n w e dd e d moth e r by proving th a t h e r child ( h i m

s e l f) w a s b e gott e n by a d e vil w ithout h e r kno w l e dge ; h o w ,

a s a child he e xpo s e d a t onc e th e p r e te n s i o n o f the m a gi s

,

tra t e to high birth a n d the l a xity o f hi s l a dy a n d h is p a rs on ;

h o w h e humili a t e d th e pri e s tly a s tr olog e rs o f V o r tig e rn a n d ,

proph e s i e d the d e s truction o f th a t u s urp e r j u s t a s it c a me

to p a ss ; h o w he se rve d Uth e r during hi s s e ve n ye a rs ’

re ign a n d by e n a bling him to a s s um e the s h a p e o f th e

,

D uk e o f Corn w a ll a n d s o e njoy the e mbra c e s o f th e

D uch e ss Ig e rn a s e cure d the birth o f A rthur a n d hop e o f
,

th e Sa n gr éa l ; 1
h o w h e d e fe nd e d A r thur s l e gitim a cy o f
’

birth a n d a s s i s t e d hi m in ca u s ing ille gitim a t e births ; a n d

h o w a t l a s t h e w a s bou n d by hi s o w n s p e ll s w i e ld e d by ,

V ivi e n in a pri s on o f a i r w h e re h e n o w re m a i n s —thi s w a s

,

the gre a t m e di e va l go s p e l o f a b a ptiz e d chri s ti a n A nti

chri s t w hich s upe rse d e d th e import e d kingdom not o f th i s

w orld .

M e rlin w a s th e Good D e vil but b a ptism w a s a fa t a l ,

V ivi e n s p e ll to him
-
H e s till d w e ll s in a ll th e a i r w hich
.

i s bre a th e d by A nglo S xon a m e n — an-

e ve r e xpa nding ,
-

pri s on ! W h e th e r the Briton i s tra n s pl a nte d in A m e rica ,

Indi a or A fric a h e s till ca rri e s w ith him th e Se rmon o n

, ,

th e M ount a s in s pire d by h is b a ptiz e d Princ e o f the A i r ,

a n d h i s go s p e l o f th e d a y is I f thin e e n e my hunge r ‘
, ,

s t a rv e him ; i f h e thirs t giv e him fi r e ; i f h e h a t e you h e a

, p ,

m e lt e d l e a d on h is h e a d ! Such re m a ins the s oul o f th e

’

gre a t e s t ra c e und e r the fa ta l s p e ll o f a cre e d th a t i ts

,

b a rb a ris m n e e d s only b a ptis m to be m a d e holin e ss a n d

virtu e .

1
The H o ly Gr a i l w as be lie v e d to ha v e be e nfa sh i o n e d fr o m the la rge st o f
a ll d ia mo n d s, lo st fr o m the c r o w n o f Sa ta n a s he fe ll fr o m H e a v e n Gu a r d e d
.

by a n ge ls u n til u s e d a t the La st Su ppe r , i t w as u lti ma te ly se c u r e d by Ar thu r s

’

kn i ght, e r c i v a l, a n d—s u c h is the ir o n y o f mytho lo gy— in d i r e c tly by the a i d

P
M e r li n I
’
of Sa ta n s o w n so n ,
 H O GAR TH S R A R E E SH O W
’ '
.
39 9

In th e re ign o f G e org e I I w h e n Lord But e a n d a

.
,

Princ e s s o f e a s y virtu e w e re pre yi n g o n E ngla nd a n d ,

fa n a tic a l pre a ch e rs w e re d ir e cting th e ir donk e y s to h e a v e n

b e s id e th e c o n fl a gr a ti o n o f John Bull s ho u se th e e y e o f’
,

H og a rth a t l e a s t (a s i s s ho w n in our Figure 2 5 from h i s ,

R a re e Sho w ) w a s a bl e to s e e w h a t the b a ptiz e d M e rlin

’

h a d b e com e in h i s r e a lm o f A i r Th e oth e r w orl d ly D e vil i s

.
-

F ig . 2 5.
—F ROM r u n Ra aaa Su o w .
’

se rp e nt l e gge d H ypocri s y Th e N in e te e nth Ce n tury ha s

-
.

r e pl a ce d M e rlin by M e phi s toph e l e s the D e vil w ho d e s pite

, ,

a clove n foot s t e p s firmly on e a rth a n d m e a n s th e po w e r

, ,

th a t w i t a n d culture c a n bring a ga in s t the ba ptiz e d gi a nt

Force H i m th e god s fe a r not e ve n look upon w it h s a ti s
. ,

fa ction I n th e Prologu e in H e a ve n o f Go e th e s Fa u s t ’ ’ ’
.
, ,

the L ord i s e v e n more gra ci o u s to M e phi s toph e l e s th a n th e

4 0
0 TH E SPI R I T TE A T D E N I E S .

J e hova h o f Job w a s to Sa ta n .
‘
The lik e of t he e ha ve
n e ve r move d my h a te h e s a ys ,
’

Ma n ’
s a c ti v e n a tu r e , fla ggi n g, se e ks to o s o o n the le v e l
U n qu a li fi e d r e po s e h e le a r n s to c r a v e
W h e n c e , w i lli n gly, the c o mr a d e h im I ga v e ,
W ho w o r ks, e x c i te s , a n d mu s t c r e a te , a s D e v il .

Thi s i s but a more mod e rn e xpre s s ion o f the ra bbi n i c a l

fa bl e a lre a dy not e d th a t w h e n the firs t ma n w a s for m e d
, ,

—
th e re w e re be s id e him tw o Spirit s o n e on th e right th a t ,

re m a in e d qui e s c e nt a n oth e r on the l e ft w ho e ve r m o v e d

,

re s tl e s s ly up a n d do w n W h e n the firs t s i n w a s c o m
.

mi tte d h e o f th e l e ft w a s ch a ng e d to a d e v i l But h e s til l

, .

m e a nt the progre s s ive inqui r ing n a ture o f ma n

, Th e .
‘

S pirit I th a t e ve rmore d e ni e s s a y s the M e phi s toph e l e s

’

, ,

o f Go e th e H o w s h a ll ma n l e a rn truth if h e kno w not th e

.

Spirit th a t d e ni e s ? H o w s h a ll h e a dva nce i f he know n o t

th e Spirit o f di s cont e nt ? Thi s re s tl e s s s pirit g a in s thro u g h

h i s ignora nc e a clove n hoo f — a divid e d move m e nt s o me

, ,

tim e s right s om e tim e s w rong Fro m h i s se lfis hn e ss it

,
.

a cquir e s a doubl e tongu e But both hoo f a n d s e rp e n t

.

to n gu e a r e b e n e a th the e volution a l po w e r o f e xp e ri e n c e ;
th e y s h a ll be hum a ni s e d to the foo t tha t m a rch e s firmly
on e a rth a n d th e tongu e th a t s pe a ks truth ; a n d th e
, ,

b a pti s m a l s p e ll broke n M e rli n s h a ll d e s ce nd bringi n g

, ,

to m a n s a i d a ll h i s s h a rp e y e d dra gon s tra n s form e d to

’
-

b e a uti ful A rts .

 C H A PTE R X XV I I I .

A N I M AL I SM .

Ce ls u s on Sa ta n — F e r o c i tie s o f in w a rd n a tu r e —Th e D e v il of Lu st
Ce li b a cy —Blu e Be a r d s —Sh u d e n d o zi —A l a dy i n di s tr es s—Ba hi
ra w a —The k P r i n c e —M a d a n a Ya ks e n yo —Fa ir fa s c i n a to r s
Bla c
D e v il of J e a lo u y —E v e s j e a lo u s y— N o a h s w i fe — Ho w Sa ta n
s
’ ’

e n te r e d th e —
Ar k Sh i p w r i ghts
’
—
D i r ge Th e Se c o n d F a ll— The
D ru n ke n c u rse — So lo mo n ’
s Fa ll— — —
Ce lla r D e i ls Glu tto n y The
v

i
V a t c a n ha u n te d Av a r i c e An i ma li se d D e v ils Ma n -
s ha pe d

A mmfl s
TH E chri s ti a n s s a id Ce l s u s dre a m o f s om e a nta goni st
,
’
,
‘

—
to God a d e vil w hom th e y ca ll Sa ta n a s w ho th w a rte d
, ,

God w he n he w i s h e d to b e n e fit m a nkind The So n o f .

God s u ffe re d d e a th from Sa ta n a s but th e y te ll u s w e a r e ,

to d e fy him a n d to b e a r the w ors t h e c a n do ; Sa ta n a s

,

w ill com e a ga i n a n d w ork m ira cl e s and pre t e nd to be ,

God but w e a r e not to b e li e ve him Th e Gre e k s t e ll o f a

, .

w a r a mong the god s ; a rmy a g a in s t a rmy o n e le d by ,

Sa turn a n d o n e by Op hi n c u s ; o f cha ll e nge s a n d ba ttl e s ;

,

th e v a n qui s h e d fa lling into th e oc e a n th e victors r e igning ,

in h e a ve n I n the M y st e ri e s w e h a ve th e re b e llion o f the

.

Tit a n s a n d the fa bl e s o f Typhon a n d Horu s a n d O s iri s

, , , .

The s tory o f th e D e vil plotting a g a in s t ma n i s s tra n g e r

tha n e ith e r o f the se Th e So n o f God i s inj ure d by the .

D e vil a n d ch a rg e s u s to fight a ga in s t him a t our p e ril

, .

W hy not puni s h the D e vil ins te a d o f thre a t e ning poor

w re tch e s w hom h e d e c e iv e s
1

Se e M r .
J . A Fr o n de
.
’
s a rti c le in Fra se ’
r s M a ga zi n e , F e b
’
. 1 878, O ige n
r

d Ce lsus
’
an .

VOL . II .
4 0 2 IN WAR D FE R O CI TI E S .

The chri s ti a n s compre h e nd e d a s littl e a s th e ir criti c

th a t s tory th e y brought s tra ng e r th a n a ll the l e ge nd s o f
,

b e s i e ge d d e iti e s o f a D e vil plotting a ga in s t ma n Y e t a

, .

littl e hi s toric p e rs pe ctive m a k e s the s itu a tion s i mpl e : th e

g od s h a d t a k e n r e fug e in m a n th e r e for e th e a tta ck w a
, s

tra n sfe rre d to ma n .

Pri e s tly l e ge nd s might d e s cribe the god s a s victoriou s

ove r the Tita n s the w ild forc e s o f n a ture but the p e opl e
, , ,

to th e ir s orro w kn e w b e tt e r ; the pri e s ts in d e a ling w ith

, ,

the p e opl e s ho w e d th a t th e y a l s o kn e w the victory to b e

,

on the oth e r s id e A c a re fu l w rite r re m a rk s . W he n

th e s e ( Gre e k) diviniti e s a r e in a n y c a s e a pp e a l e d to w ith
u nu s u a l s e ri o u s n e s s th e ir n a t u re ch a ra ct e r r e a pp e a rs
,
-
.

W h e n Pos e idon h e s ita te s to d e fe r to the pos itive c o m

ma nd s o f Z e u s ( I l xix Iri s re mind s hi m th a t th e re
. .

a r e the E r i n n y e s to be re ckon e d w ith ( 11 xv a n d he . .

give s in a t once 1
The E r i n n y e s r e pre s e nt th e s te a d y
.

s upre m a cy o f th e l a w s a n d forc e s o f n a ture ove r a ll p e r

s o n i fic a ti o n s o f th e m Und e r uni for m e xpe ri e nce ma n

.

h a d com e to re cogni s e hi s o w n mora l a utocra cy i n h i s

w orld . H e look e d fo r inc a rn a tion s a n d it w a s a ho p e ,

born o f a n a th e i s tic vi e w o f e xt e rn a l n a ture Thi s w a s .

the c a s e not only w ith th e e volution o f Gre e k re lig io n b u t ,

i n th a t o f e v e r y r e ligio n .

W h e n m a n s hop e w a s thu s turn e d to re s t upon ma n h e

'
,

found th a t a ll th e Tit a n s h a d fol lo w e d him Ophi u cu s .

Ophion h p a ss e d through Op h i o mo r p h u s to be a M a n
( ) a d
o f Si n ; a n d thi s not in o n e but by corre s ponding form s,

in e ve ry lin e o f re ligiou s d e ve lopm e nt Th e fe rociti e s .

o f out w a rd n a tur e a pp e a re d w ith a ll th e ir forc e in ma n ,

a n d re n e w e d th e ir po w e r w ith th e fin e a rmoury o f hi s int e l

li ge n c e . H e mu s t h e re cont e nd w ith t e mp e s t s o f pa s s io n ,

s tony s e lfi s hn e s s a n d th e w hol e a nim a l cre a tion n e s tlin g

,

M r W W Llo yd
’
Age of Pe ri cle s, v o l. 11 .
’
1 s 2 02 .
. . .
p .
 TH E D E VI L OF L US T 4 03

in h e a rt a n d bra in pro w ling s till though on tw o fe e t The

, , .

th e ory o f e volution i s h a rdly a c e ntury o ld a s s ci e nc e but ,

it is a n a nci e nt d o c tr i n e o f R e ligion The fa bl e s o f Pilpa y

'

a n d I E S Op r e pre s e nt a n e a rly re cognition o f s u r v iva l s

‘ ’
.

R e curr e nc e to origin a l typ e s w a s re cogni se d a s a my stic a l

ph e nom e non in l e ge nd s o f the ba ndit turn e d w ol f a n d ,

oth e r tra n s form a tion s On e o f the old e s t doctrin e s o f

.

E s ch a tology i s r e pre s e nt e d in the a ccomp a nyi n g picture

( Fig . from T h e be s o f tw o dog h e a d e d a p e s fe rrying

,
-

o ve r to H a d e s a gluttonou s s oul th a t ha s b e e n w e igh e d

be fore O s iri s a n d a s s ign e d h is a ppropri a te form

, .

Th e d e vil s o f L u s t a r e so innum e ra bl e th a t s e v e ra l
volum e s w ould be re quire d to e num e ra t e the l e g e nds a n d

F ig . 2 6. —A So u a s '
D oo u (W ilkin so n ) .

supe rs tition s conn e ct e d w i th th e m But fortun a t e ly fo r .

,

my r e a d e r a n d mys e l f th e s e more th a n a n y oth e r cl a s s o f

, ,

pha n tom s a r e v e ry s light modifica tion s o f the s a m e form

,
.

The innu m e ra bl e ph a llic d e iti e s the incubi a n d s uccube , ,

a r e monoto n ou s a s th e w a v e s o f the oc e a n w hich might ,

fa irly typi fy th e v a s t re s tl e ss a n d s tormy e xp a n se o f s e xu a l

, ,

n a ture to w hich th e y b e long .

I n The Gold e n L e ge nd th e re i s a pl e a sa nt t a l e o f a
‘

ge ntl e m a n w ho h a ving fa ll e n into pove rty w e nt into s oli

, ,

tud e a n d w a s the re a ppro a ch e d by a ch e va li e r in bl a c k

, ,

mounte d on a fin e hors e Thi s knight h a vi n g inquire d .

the re a s on o f th e oth e r s sa dn e s s promi s e d him th a t i f h e

’
, ,

w ould re turn hom e h e w ould find a t a c e rt a in pl a c e v a s t

,
 0
4 4 CE LI B A C Y .

s um s o f gold ; but thi s w a s on condition th a t he s ho u ld

bring h i s be a uti ful w i fe to th a t s olita ry s pot in e xa ctly a
ye a r s tim e The ge ntl e m a n h a ving live d i n gre a t e r s pl e n
’
.
,

dou r th a n e ve r during the ye a r a sk e d hi s w i fe to rid e out ,

w ith him on the a ppoint e d d a y She w a s v e ry piou s a n d. ,

h a ving pra y e d to the Virgin a ccompa ni e d he r hu s b a nd to ,

th e s pot . Th e re th e ge ntl e m a n i n bl a ck me t th e m bu t ,

o nly to tr e mbl e Pe r fid i o u s ma n ! h e cri e d i s it thu s

.

‘ ’ ‘
.
,

you re pa y my b e n e fits ? I a s k e d you to bri n g your w i fe ,

a n d you h a v e brought me the M oth e r o f God w h o w ill ,

s e nd me b a ck to h e ll ! The D e vil h a ving va ni s h e d th e

’
,

g e ntl e m a n fe ll on h i s kn e e s b e fore th e V irgin H e r e .

turn e d hom e to find h is w i fe s l e e ping qui e tly .

W e re w e to follow thi s fi n e ly mount e d ge ntl e m a n i n -

bl a ck w e s hould be c a rri e d by no u nc e rta in s te p s

,

b a ck to thos e s on s o f God w ho took unto th e m s e lv e s

w iv e s o f th e d a ught e rs o f me n a s told i n G e n e s i s ; a n d,

i f w e follow e d the V irgin w e s hould by l e s s c e r t a i n , ,

but y e t prob a bl e s te p s dis cove r h e r prototyp e in E v e

,

b e fore he r fa ll vi rgin a l a s s h e w a s m e a nt to re m a in s o
,

fa r a s ma n w a s conce rn e d In the ch a pt e rs re l a ting to

.

the E d e n myth a n d i ts p e rs on a g e s I h a v e fu lly giv e n my ,

re a s on s fo r b e li e ving th a t the s tory o f E v e the n a tura l ,

childl e s s n e s s o f Sa ra h a n d the imm a cul a t e conce ption by

,

M a ry d e note a s s e a rock s s om e tim e s m a rk the form e r

, ,
-

outlin e o f a co a s t a primitive th e o r y o f c e liba cy in con

,

n e c ti o n w ith th a t o f a divin e or H oly F a mil It n d

y e e .

only be a dd e d h e re th a t thi s impo s s ibl e id e a l in i ts pra e

tic a l d e ve lopm e nt w a s e ffe ct u a l in re s tra ining th e s e xu a l
p a s s ion s o f m a nkind A lthough the re ckl e s s procl a m a
.

tion o f the w ild n a ture god s ( E lohim ) Be fr u itfd l a n d

-
‘ ‘

multiply ha s b e e n a cc e pt e d by chri s t i a n b ibli o la to r s a s

,
’

the comm a nd o f J e hova h a n d phil a nthropi s ts a r e e ve n

,

puni s h e d fo r s ugge s ting m e a n s o f w ith st a nding th e e ffe cts

 BL UE BE AR D S .
4 05

o f nupti a l lic e ntiou s n e s s y e t th e y a r e fa rth e r from e ve n

,

th e l e tt e r o f the Bibl e th a n tho s e prot e s t a nt c e lib a t e s ,

th e A m e rica n Sh a k e rs w ho di s c a rd th e s e xu a l r e l a tion
,

a ltog e th e r The th e ory o f th e Sh a k e rs th a t th e function s

.

o f se x
‘
b e long to a s ta te o f n a ture a n d a r e in c on s i s t e nt ,

w ith a s t a t e o f gra c e a s o n e o f th e ir m e mb e rs in Ohio

’
,

s t a t e d it to me coincid e s clos e ly w ith the ra bbinic a l

,

th e ory th a t A d a m a n d E v e by th e ir s i n fe ll to th e low e s t, ,

o f s e v e n e a rthly s ph e re s a n d thu s c a m e w ithin th e i n,

fl u e n c e o f the incubi a n d s uccube by th e ir union w ith ,

w hom th e w orld w a s fill e d w ith th e d e monic ra c e s or ,

Ge ntil e s .

It i s prob a bl e th a t the fe ncing o ff o f E d e n th e founding -

o f th e A br a h a mic hou s e hold a n d fa mily a n d th e com ,

ma nd a g a i n s t a dult e ry w e re d e fin e d a g a in s t th a t s ys t e m
,

o f ra p e — o r m a rri a g e by c a ptur e — w hich pre v a il e d a mong

the s on s o f E lohim w h o s a w th e d a ught e rs o f me n th a t

’
,

th e y w e re fa ir a n d follow e d the la w o f th e ir e y e s The

,
’
.

old e r ra bbin s w e re c a re ful to pre se rve the di s tinction

b e t w e e n the Ba n e E lo/ um a n d th e I s a /zzm a n d it ultim a t e ly
' '

a mount e d to th a t b e t w e e n J e w s a n d G e ntil e s .

Th e s u s picion o f a d e vil lurking b e hind fe m a l e b e a uty

thu s b e gin s The d e vil s love b e a u ty a n d th e b e a uti e s
.
,

love a dmira tion Th e s e a r e pe ril s in the con s titution o f

.

th e fa mily But th e re a r e ot h e r l e ge nd s w hich re port th e

.

fre qu e ncy w ith w hich w om a n w a s a n u n w illing victim o f

th e lu s t ful A n a kim or oth e r po w e rful lord s Throughou t .

the w orld a r e found l e g e nd s o f b e a uti ful virgin s s a crific e d

to po w e rful d e mon s or d e iti e s Th e s e a r e s om e tim e s s o .

re a li s tic a s to s ugg e s t the po s s ibility th a t th e fa ir c a ptive s

o f s a va g e chi e ft a in s ma y ind e e d h a ve b e e n s o me tim e s
victim s o f th e ir Ogr e s vora city a s w e ll a s his l u s t A t
’
.

a n y ra t e cru e lty a n d lu s t a r e n e a rly re l a te d The Blu e

,
.

B e a rd myth Op e n s o u t horribl e po ss i biliti e s .

4 0 6 SH UD E I VD OZ I .

O ne of b e s t kno w n l e ge nds in J a pa n i s th a t con

the -

c e rni n g the fi e nd Shu d e n d o z i w h o d e rive s h is n a me ,

from th e tw o ch a ra ct e ri s tics o f po s s e s s i n g th e fa c e o f a
child a n d be ing a h e a vy drink e r The child fa ce i s s o .
-

e mph a s i s e d in the s tori e s th a t o n e ma y s u s p e ct e ith e r

th a t hi s fa ir victim s w e re e ntic e d to h is s tronghold by

h is a i r o f innoc e nc e or e l s e th a t th e re i s s om e hint a s
,

to m a t e rn a l longings i n the fa bl e .

At the b e ginning o f the e l e ve nth ce ntury w h e n Ich ij o I I ,

.

w a s E mp e ror liv e d th e h e ro Y o r i mi ts a
,
I n thos e d a ys th e .

p e opl e o f K iy o to w e re troubl e d by a n e vil Spi r it w hich

a bod e n e a r the R a s bo G a t e On e night w h e n m e rry w it h
.
,

h i s comp a nion s Ich ijo s a id ,

W h o d a re go a n d d e fy the ,
‘

d e mon o f the R a s ho Ga t e a n d s e t up a tok e n th a t h e ha s

,

be e n the re ? Tha t d a re I a n sw e re d Ts u m a w ho h a v
’ ‘
,
’

, ,

i n g donn e d h i s m a i l rod e out i n the bl e a k night to th e

,

R a s ho G a t e H a ving w ritt e n h i s n a m e on the g a te

.
,

re turni n g h is hors e s hive rs w ith fe a r a n d a h u g e h a nd

, ,

c o ming out o f th e ga te se iz e d th e knight s h e lm e t H e ’

.

s truggl e d in v a in H e th e n cuts o ff the d e mon s a r m a n d

’
. ,

th e d e mon fli e s ho w ling Ts um a t a k e s the d e mon s a r m

’
.

hom e a n d lock s it in a box On e night the d e mon h a v

, .
,

ing th e s h a p e o f Ts um a s a unt c a m e a n d s a id I pra y ’

, ,
‘

you s ho w me the a r m o f th e fi e nd I w ill s ho w it to no .

’ ‘

ma n a n d y e t to th e e w ill I s ho w it re pli e d h e W h e n
, ,
’
.

the box i s o p e n e d a bl a ck cloud e n s hroud s the a unt a n d ,

the d e mon di s a ppe a rs w ith the a r m Th e re a ft e r h e i s more .

troubl e s om e th a n e ve r The d e mon ha rrie d o ff the fa ire s t

.

virgi n s o f K iy o to ra v i s h e d a n d a te th e m no be a uty b e ing

, ,

l e ft in the city The E mp e ror comm a nd s Y o r i mi ts a to

.

d e s troy him The h e ro w ith four tru s ty knights a n d a

.
,

gre a t c a pt a in w e nt to the hidd e n pl a c e s o f the mount a in s

, .

Th e y fe ll i n w ith a n old ma n w h o invit e d th e m into h i s ,

dw e lling a n d ga ve th e m w in e to dri n k ; a n d w h e n the y w e re

,
 LAD Y I N D I S TR E SS .

going be pre s e nte d th e m w ith w in e Thi s old ma n w a s a .

mount a in god A s th e y proc e e d e d th e y me t a be a uti fu l

-
.

l a dy w a s hing blood from ga rm e nts in a va ll e y w e e ping ,

bitt e rly I n re ply to the ir inq u iri e s s he s a id the d e mon

.

h a d c a rri e d h e r o ff a n d k e pt h e r to w a s h h is cloth e s m e a n ,

i n g w h e n w e a ry o f he r to e a t h e r I pra y your lord s hip s

.

to h e lp me l The s i x h e ro e s bid he r l e a d th e m to the

’

ogre s ca ve On e hundre d d e vil s mounte d gu a rd b e fore it

’
. .

F ig . z 7.
—Cn u a u rv AN D Lv s r
'
(J a p a n es e ) .

Th e w om a n firs t w e nt in a n d told him th e y ha d com e The .

ogre c a ll e d th e m in m e a ning to e a t th e m Th e n the y s a w

,
.

S hu d e n d o z i a mon s t e r w ith the fa c e o f a littl e child Th e y

,
.

o ffe re d him w in e w hich fl e w to h is h e a d : he b e com e s

,

m e rry a n d s l e e ps a n d h i s h e a d i s cut o fl The h e a d l e a p s

’

.
,

up a n d tri e s to bite Y o r i mi ts a but he h a d on tw o h e lm e ts

,
.

W h e n a ll the d e vil s a r e s l a in he bring s the h e a d o f ,

Sh u d e n d o z i to th e E mp e ror I n a s imil a r s tory o f the

.

s a m e count r y th e lu s t ful o gr e by no m e a n s po s s e s se s
4 0 3 BAH I R A WA .

S h u d e n d o zr 5 inning vi sa ge a s ma y be se e n by the p o p u
w ,

la r re pre se nt a tion o f him ( Fig w ith a knight s h a n d

’
.

gra s ping hi s thro a t .

A Singh a l e se d e mon o f lik e cl a s s i s Ba h i r a w a w ho t a k e s ,

h i s n a m e from th e hill o f th e s a m e n a m e tow e ri n g ove r ,

K a ndy in w h ich h e i s s uppo se d to re s id e

,
The l e ge nd .

run s th a t the a s trologe rs told a king w hos e qu e e n w a s

a fflict e d by s ucc e ss ive mi s c a rri a g e s th a t s h e w ould n e ve r ,

be d e liv e r e d o f a h e a lthy child unl e s s a virgin w a s s a cri fi c e d

a nnu a lly on t he top o f thi s hill Thi s be in g don e s e v e ra l .
,

childre n w e re born e to him W h e n h is qu e e n w a s a d .

v a n c e d in y e a rs th e king di s continu e d thi s ob se rva nc e a n d ,

con s e qu e ntly m a ny di s e a s e s fe ll upon the roya l fa mily a n d

th e city a ft e r w hich the a nnu a l s a crific e w a s r e s um e d a n d
, ,

continu e d until 1 81 5 w h e n the E ngli s h occupi e d K a ndy

, .

The m e thod o f th e s a crific e w a s to bind a young girl to a

s t a k e on th e top o f the hill w ith jungl e cre e p e rs B e s id e -
.

h e r on a n a lta r w e re pl a c e d boi le d ric e a n d flo w e rs ;

, ,

i nc a nt a tion s w e re utt e re d a n d th e girl l e ft to b e g e n e ra lly

, ,

found d e a d o f fright in th e morning A n old w om a n .

,

w h o in e a rly y e a rs h a d und e rgon e thi s ord e a l s urvive d , ,

a n d h e r s a fe ty no doubt c o O p e ra t e d w ith E ngli s h a u tho

-

rity to dimini s h the popul a r fe a r o f Ba hi r a w a but s till fe w ,

n a tive s w ould b e fou n d cour a g e ou s e nough to a s c e nd th e

hill a t n ight .

On e o f the lu s t ful d e mon s o f Ce ylon i s Ca lu Cu m a ra ,

th a t i s the Bl a ck Princ e H e i s s uppos e d to h a ve s e ve n

, .

—
di ffe re nt a ppa rition s prince o f fi r e o f flow e rs o f grove s
, , , ,

o f gra ve s o f e y e ointm e nts

,
-
o f the s mooth body a n d o f
, ,

s e xu a lity Th e Sa ga s a y s he w a s a Buddhi s t pri e s t w h o

.
,

by e xce e ding a sce tici s m a n d a ccumul a te d m e rit s h a d ga in e d

th e po w e r to fly but p a s s ion fo r a b e a uti ful w dma n ca u s e d
,

him to fa ll By di s a ppointm e nt in the love fo r w hich h e

.

h a d p a rt e d w ith s o much h i s h e a rt w a s brok e n a n d h e ,

 M AD AN A YAK SE N Y O .
4 09

b e ca m e d e mon I n thi s condition he i s fo r e ve r torture d

a .

b y th e p a ss ion o f lu s t ful d e s ire the only s a ti s fa ction o f ,

w hich h e c a n obt a in b e ing to a ffl ict young a n d fa ir

w om e n w ith illn e s s H e i s a ve ry d a inty d e mon a n d c a n
.
,

b e s ooth e d i f gre a t c a re i s t a k e n in the o ffe ring s m a d e

to hi m w hich con s i s t o f ric e o f fin e s t qu a lity pl a nta in s
, , ,

s ug a r c a n e -
ora nge s coco a nuts a n d ca k e s H e i s o f
, ,
-

,
.

d a rk blu e compl e xion a n d h is ra im e nt bl a ck

-
.

I n Singh a le s e d e monol a t r y the re a r e se ve n fe m a l e

d e mon s o f lu s t popul a rly c a ll e d the M a d a n a Y a ks e n y o
, .

T h e s e s i s t e rs a r e — Ca m a ( lu s t) ; Cini ( fi re ) ; M o ha n e e
( ignor a nc e ); R utti ( pl e a s ur e ); C a l a ( m a turity ); M a l

( flo w e r s) ; Pu s p a
( p e r fum e s) Th e y a re th e a b e ttor s .

o f se d u ction and a re invok e d in the pre pa ra tion o f

,

p h i ltr e s .
l

‘
It
r w e ll sa id J a s on to M e d e a th a t the fe m a l e
w e e ,
’
,
‘

ra ce s hould not e xi s t ; th e n w ould th e re not h a v e be e n

e vil a mong me n Th e s a m e s e ntim e nt i s in
’
2
any .

M ilton
Oh w hy d id Go d ,
Cr e a to r w i s e , th a t p e o ple d h i ghe s th e a v e n
W ith s p i r i ts ma s c u li n e , c r e a te a t la s t

Th i s n o v e lty o n e a r th , th i s fa i r d e fe c t
Of n a tu r e , an d n o t fill th e w o r ld a t o n c e
W i th me n , a s a n ge ls , w i th o u t fe mi n i n e

M a ny tra dition s pre c e d e d thi s unga ll a nt cre e d s om e ,

o f w hich h a v e b e e n re fe rr e d to in our ch a pt e rs on L ilith

a n d Ev e Corr e s ponding to th e s e a r e the s tori e s re l a te d

.

by H e rodotu s o f th e ove rthro w o f the kingdom o f the

H e r a c li d e a n d fre e dom o f th e Gre e ks through th e r e ,

v e nge o f th e Qu e e n th e mo s t b e a uti ful o f w om e n upon , ,

’

h e r hu s b a nd Ca n d a u le s fo r h a ving contriv e d th a t Gyg e s

1 Jo u rn a l of the Ce ylo n Bra n c h of the R A S ,

. . . 1 865 -
6 Ar t . on D e mo n
W i tchc ra ft i n Ce ylo n , by D u n d r i s d e Silv a Go o n e ra tn e M o d li a r
’
o l o gy a n d .

s
E u ri p id es, M e d e a , 5 74
’
P
a ra d is e Lo s t
’

, x 860 . .
4 1 0 j E A L O US YI

should s e e he r n a k e d Ca n d a u le s h a ving b e e n sla i n by

.

Gyg e s a t the in s tig a tion o f th e Qu e e n a n d m a rri e d h e r , ,

th e Fa t e s d e cr e e d th a t th e ir crim e s hould b e puni s h e d on

th e ir fi fth d e s c e nd a nt Th e ove rthro w w a s by Cyru s a n d

.
,

it w a s a ss oci a te d w ith a noth e r w om a n M a nd a u e d a ught e r , ,

o f th e tyra nt A s ty a ge s moth e r o f Cyru s w h o i s thu s a s

, , ,

th e M a donn a to brui s e the h e a d o f the s e rp e nt w ho h a d

,

cre pt into the Gre e k Pa ra di s e Th e Gre e k s o f Pontu s

1
.

a l s o a s crib e d the origi n o f the S cythi a n ra c e the s courg e ,

o f a ll n a tion s to a s e rpe nt w om a n w ho h a vi n g s tol e n

,
-

, ,

a w a y th e m a re s w hich H e ra kl e s h a d c a ptur e d from G e r o n

g ,

r e fu s e d to re s tore th e m e xce pt on condition o f h a ving

childre n by him Fro m the .

union o f H e ra kl e s w ith thi s

h a l f virgi n h a l fvipe r s pra ng ,
’

thre e s on s o f w ho m the ,

younge s t w a s Scyth e s .

N o t only a r e fe minin e
s e ductive n e s s a n d li a bility to

s e duction r e pre s e nt e d in the

l e g e nd s o f fe m a l e d e mon s
a n d d e vil s but quit e a s muc h ,

the j e a lou s y o f th a t s e x If .

the form e r w e re w e a kn e ss e s
w hich might ov e rthro w ki n g

do m s t h e l a tt e r w a s a s p e ci e s
F i g 8 —J
,
. 2 .
(J p
3 A LO U SY) a a n e se .

o f a nim a li s m w hich could

d e v a s ta te the hom e a n d s oci e ty A lthough j e a lou s y i s .

s om e tim e s r e ga rd e d a s ve ni a l i f not ind e e d a s ign o f tru e

,

love it i s a n outcom e o f the a nim a l n a ture The J a pa n e s e

,
.

h a v e s how n a tru e obs e rva tion o f n a ture in portra ying

th e i r fe m a l e Oni ( d e vil) o f j e a lou s y ( Fig 2 8) w ith s h a rp .

e re ct horn s a n d bri s tli n g h a ir The ra i s ing o f the orn a ‘

.

1
He r o d o tus, ‘ ’
Clio , 7 -
14 , 9 .
1
 N OAH S WI FE ’
.
4 1
1

me nta l plum e s by m a ny bird s during th e ir courts hip ,

’

m e ntio n e d by M r D a rw in i s the more pl e a s ing a s p e ct o f

.
,

tha t e motion w hich bl e nding w ith fe a r a n d ra g e pu ffs out

, ,

th e liz a rd s thro a t ru ffle s the cock s n e ck a n d ra i s e s the

’ ’
, ,

h a ir o f th e in sa n e 1
.

A n a nci e nt l e g e nd mingl e s j e a lou s y w ith the myth o f

E d e n a t e ve r y s t e p R a bbi J a rch i s a y s th a t th e s e rp e nt
.

w a s j e a ou s o f A d a m s connubi a l fe licity a n d a p a s s a g e in
l ’

Jos e phu s s how s th a t thi s w a s a n a nci e nt opinion The .

j e a lou sy o f A d a m s s e cond w i fe fe lt by hi s firs t ( Lilith)

’

w a s by m a ny s a id to b e th e ca u s e o f h e r con s pira cy w ith

th e s e r p e nt Th e mos t be a uti ful m e die va l picture o f he r

.

th a t I h a ve s e e n w a s in a n illumin a t e d Bibl e in Stra s burg ,

i n w hich w ith a ll h e r w e a lth o f gold e n h a ir a n d h e r

,

b e a uty L ilith hold s h e r mouth w ith a s m a ll ros y a ppl e

, ,

i n it to w a rd s A d a m
, E v e s e e m s to s n a tch it
. Th e n .

th e re i s a n old s tory th a t w h e n E v e h a d e a t e n the a ppl e

s h e s a w the a ng e l o f d e a th a n d urg e d A d a m to e a t the ,

fruit a l s o in ord e r th a t h e might not b e com e a w idow e r

, .

I t i s re m a rk a bl e th a t th e re s hould h a ve s prung up a
le g e nd th a t Sa t a n m a d e h i s s e cond a tt a ck upon the
ra c e form e d by J e hova h a n d h is pl a n fo r pe rp e tu a ting ,

it on e a rth by m e a n s o f a flirt a tion w ith N oa h s w i fe ’

a n d a l s o by a w a k e ning he r j ea lou s y The old e r l e g e n d .

conce rning N oa h s w i fe i s th a t m e ntion e d by Ta ba ri

’

w hich m e re ly s ta te s th a t she ridicul e d the pre diction s

o f a d e lug e by h e r hu s b a nd S o much might h a v e b e e n .

s ugg e s t e d by th e s il e nc e o f th e Bibl e conc e rning he r .

The M o s l e m tra dition th a t th e D e vil m a n a g e d to ge t into

the a r k i s a l s o a nci e nt H e c a ught hold o f the a s s s t a il
’
.

ju s t a s it w a s a bout to e n t e r Th e a s s c a m e o n s lo w ly .
,

a n d N oa h be comi n g imp a ti e nt e xcl a i me d You curs e d

, , ,
‘

E x p re ss i o n o f the E mo ti o n s M u r ra y,
l 9
. By Cha r les D a r w i n . Lo n d o n :

1 872 . Cha p te r I V .
41 2 I VOR I A AS E VE I I .

o n e, com e quick in W h e n N oa h s e e i n g the D e vil i n ,

th e a r k a s k e d by w h a t right h e w a s th e re the oth e r s a i d

, , ,

By your ord e r ; you s a id A ccurs e d o n e com e in I a m

, ,

th e a ccurs e d o n e ! Thi s s tory w hic h s e e m s cont r ive d to

’
,

s ho w th a t o n e ma y not be s uch a n a s s a s h e look s w a s ,

s up e r s e d e d by th e l e ge nd w hich r e pre s e nt s Sa t a n a s h a vin g

be e n brought into the a rk conc e a l e d und e r N ori a s (o r ’

N o ra i ta s) dre s s
’
.

Th e mo s t re m a rk a bl e l e ge nd o f thi s kind i s th a t foun d

in the E a ste rn Church a n d w hich i s s how n in va riou s
,

m e di e va l d e s ign s in R u ss i a Sa t a n i s s how n i n a n e a rl y
.
,

s ixt e e nth c e ntury picture b e longing to Count U v a r o f ( F i g .

o ffe ring N o a h s w i fe a bunch o f k/zme l (hop s ) w ith

’

w hich to br e w h a s a n d m a k e N o a h drunk ; fo r the s to r y

w a s th a t N o a h did not t e ll h i s w i fe th a t a d e luge w a s

coming kno w ing th a t she could not k e e p a s e cre t In th e

, .

old ve rs ion o f th e l e ge nd give n by Bu sla e f a fte r a po c r y ,

ph a l tra ditio n u se d by h e re tics Sa ta n a l w a ys a ddre s s e s,

’

N o a h s w i fe a s E v e w hich indica te s a th e o r y It w a s
’
.
,

m e a nt to be con s id e re d a s a s e cond e dition o f the a tta ck

on th e divin e pl a n b e gu n in E d e n a n d re vive d in the ,

t e mpta tion o f Sa ra Sa t a n not only t a ught thi s n e w E v e

.

h o w to ma k e kv a s bu t a l s o v o dka (bra ndy) a n d w h e n h e

h a d a w a k e n e d h e r j e a lou s y a bout N o a h s fre qu e nt a b se n c e
’
,

he b a d e h e r s ub s titu e th e bra ndy fo r th e b e e r w h e n h e r

h u s b a nd a s u s u a l a s k e d fo r the l a tt e r W h e n N oa h w a s
‘

, , .

thu s in hi s cup s she a s k e d him w h e re h e w e nt a n d w hy h e ,

k e pt l a t e hours H e re ve a l e d h is s e cre t to h is E v e w ho
.
,

di s clo se d it to Sa ta n Th e t e mpt e r a pp e a rs to h a v e
.

s e duc e d h e r from N o a h a n d p e rs u a d e d h e r to be dil a tory

,

w h e n e nt e ring the a r k W h e n a ll th e a nim a l s ha d gon e

.

i n a n d a ll the re s t o f he r fa mily E v e s a id I ha ve fo r ‘
, , ,

gott e n my pots a n d p a n s a n d w e nt to fe tch th e m ; n e xt

,
’

s h e s a id I h a ve forgott e n my s poon s a n d fork s a n d

‘ ’

, ,
 SA TAN AN D N OR AI TA .

re tu rn e d fo r th e m . A ll o f thi s h a d be e n a rra ng e d by Sa ta n

Fig . 2 9
.
—SA TAN a rm N o a mu
-
.

in ord e r to m a k e N oa h c u rs e ; an d he ha d j u s t s lippe d
 SH I P WR I G H T S D I R GE
’
4 4
1 .

u nd e r E ve s s kirt w h e n he ha d th e sa ti s fa ction o f h e a rin g

’

the int e nd e d A d a m o f a b a ptiz e d w orld c r y to hi s w i fe ,

A ccurs e d o n e com e in ! S ince J e hova h him s e l f coul d

’
,

not pre ve nt the ca rrying out o f a p a tri a rch s curs e Sa ta n ’

w a s thu s e n a bl e d to e nt e r the a r k s a ve him s e l f from b e in g ,

dro w n e d a n d bring mi s chi e f into the hum a n w orl d onc e

,

more .

Thi s i s s ubs t a nti a lly the sa m e l e g e nd a s th a t o f the

m e die va l M ora lity ca ll e d N o a h s A r k or the Ship w right s ’
,
’

A nc i e nt Pl a y or D irg e Th e D e vil s a ys to N o a h s
’ ’
.

w i fe
Ye s , h o ld th e e s ti ll le d a me ,
An d I s h a ll te ll th e e ho w
I by my c r o o e d
s w e a r th ee k s n o u t,

All tha t thy hu s a n d go e s a b bou t

I s li ttle to th y pr o fit .

Ye t s ha ll I te ll th e e ho w
Tho u sh a lt me e t a ll hi s w i ll ;
Do as I s ha ll bid the e n ow,

Th o u s h a lt me e t e v e r y d e a l .

H a v e he r e a d rin k fu ll go o d
T ha t i s ma d e of a migh tfu l ma i n ,
Be he h a th d ru n ke n a drin k o f th i s,

N o lo n ge r s ha l l h e le a r n
Be lie v e , b e li e v e , my ow n d e a r d a me ,
I ma y n o lo n ge r b i d e
To s h i p w h e n th o u s ha lt sa yr e ,
I s h a ll be by th y s i de .

Th e re om e intim a tions in the Sl a vonic ve rs i o n

a re s

w hich look a s i f it might h a v e b e long e d to s om e P a u l i

c i a n or oth e r h a l f gno s tic th e ory th a t th e te mpt a tio n o f

-

N o r a i ta ( E v e a n d he r a li e n a tion from h e r hu s b a n d
,

w e re m e a nt to pre v e nt th e re popul a tion o f th e E a r th

1
.

The gi v in g o f E v e s n a me to N o a h s w ife is n o tthe o n ly sign i fica n t th i n g

’ ’
1

a b o u tth is Ru ss i a n tra d i ti o n a n d i ts pi c tu r e Lo n g be a r d ed d e v i ls a re n o w he r e
.
-

nor ma l e x ce p t i n the r e pre se n t

a tio n s by the Ea s te rn Chu rc h of the mo n a rc h
of H e ll . By r e fe rr i n g to p . 2 53 o f thi s v o lu me the r e a de r w i ll o bse rv e the
i n flu e n c es w hi ch ca u se d the i n fe r n a l k i n g to be re pr e sen te d a s c o un te r pa r to f
 TH E SE CON D F AL L .

Th e n e xt a tt e mpt o f the D e vi l a s a ge nt o f th e E lohi s tic ,

cre a tion to ruin th e ra c e o f ma n introduce s u s to a noth e r

, ,

form o f a nim a l i s m w hich h a s h a d a l a rg e e xpr e ss ion in

D e vil lore -
It i s re l a t e d in ra bbinica l mythology th a t
.

w h e n a s i s re cord e d in Ge n ix 2 0 N o a h w a s pl a nting a
, . .
,

v in e y a rd th e D e vil (A s mod e u s ) c a m e a n d propo s e d to

,

join him i n the w ork Thi s h a ving b e e n a gre e d to thi s .

,

e vil p a rtn e r bro u ght i n s ucc e s s ion a s h e e p a lion a n d a , ,

hog a n d s a crifice d th e m on the s pot Th e re s ult w a s th a t

, .

the w in e w h e n drunk firs t g a v e th e drink e r the qu a lity o f

a s h e e p th e n th a t o f a lion a n d fin a lly th a t o f a hog

1
, ,
.

It w a s by this m e a n s th a t N oa h w a s re duc e d to s w ini s h

i n e bri a tion Th e r e follo w e d th e curs e s on tho se a round
.
-

him w hich ho w e ve r drunk e n w e re tho s e o f a fa th e r a n d

, , , ,

re produc e d on the cle a n s e d w orld a ll the doom s w hic h

h a d b e e n pronounc e d in E d e n .

I f th e d a t e o f th i s l e g e nd could be m a d e e a rly e n ough ,

it w ould a pp e a r to be a s ort o f re ve nge fo r thi s t e mpta tion

o f N o a h to dru nk e nn e s s th a t Ta lmudic fa bl e s ho w s A s

mod e n s brought u nd e r bon d a ge to Solomo n a n d forc e d ,

to w ork on the Te mpl e by m e a n s o f w in e A s mod e u s , .

h a d dug fo r him s e l f a w e ll a n d p la n te d b e s id e it a tre e , ,

s o m a king fo r him s e l f a pl e a s a nt s pot fo r re po s e duri n g

h i s goings to a n d fr o on e a rth But Solomon s m e s s e nge r ’

.

B e n a j a ma n a ge d to cove r thi s w ith a t a nk w hich h e fill e d

w ith w in e A s mod e u s on h i s r e turn re p e a t e d to him s e l f
.
, ,

the prov e rb W in e i s a mock e r s tro n g drink is ra ging a n d

‘
, , ,

the D e i ty . As th is tra d i ti o n a bo u t N o a h s w i fe ’
is s u gge s ti v e of a G n o sti c
o r igi n
,
i t r ea lly o o ks
l as if the D e v i l i n i t w e r e me a n t to a ctthe p a rt w hi c h the
Gn o s tics a sc r i e d to b J e ho v a h himse lf ( v o l. ii .
p . The D e v i l i s sa id

in ra bbin i ca l le ge n d s to ha v e se d u c e d the w iv e s of N o ah
’
s so n s ; thi s le ge n d
se e ms to sho w tha t his a i m w a s to po pu la te the p o s t d-
ilu v i a l w o r ld e n ti r e ly
w ith hi s ow n y, i n thi s be in g a n I lda ba o th, o r d e gr a d e d e d i ti o n o f
p g
r o e n

J e h o v a h try in g to e s ta b li s h h i s o w n fa mi ly in the e a r th by the v a r i o us me a n s

r e la te d i n v o l i c ha p 8 . . . .

N isc ha ma th Cli a j tm, fo l

'
3 1 39, co l 2 .
‘
. .
 4 16 TH E E N E M Y I N TH E M O UTH

w hos oe ve r i s d e c e ive d the re by i s not w i s e (Prov xx ’

. .

y e t ,b e ing v e ry thirs ty h e dra nk fe ll a s l e e p a n d w h e n h e

, , ,

a w ok e found hi mse l f lo a d e d w ith c ha in s .

H o w e ve r a ft e r w o r k i n g fo r a tim e fo r Solomon h e
, .
,

di s cove r e d th a t king s w e a k n e s s e s a n d pl a ye d upon th e m

’
.

Solomon w a s s o pu ffe d up w ith a s e n se o f h i s pow e r th a t

h e a cc e pt e d a ch a ll e nge fro m h i s s l a ve ( A s mod e u s ) to
s ho w h i s s up e riority w it hout th e a s s i s t a nc e o f h i s m a g i c

ring a n d w ithout k e e ping h is compe titor in bond s N o

,
.

s oon e r w a s A s mod e u s fre e a n d in po ss e s s ion o f the ri n g

, ,

th a n he tra n s porte d Solo mon four hundre d mil e s a w a y ,

w h e re h e re m a in e d fo r a long tim e a mong th e s e ductiv e

b e a uti e s o f the Court s o f N a a m a h R a h a b a n d othe r , ,

s h e d e vil s
-
M e a n w hil e th e D e vil a s s uming the form o f
.
,

S olomon s a t on his thron e a n d b e ca m e th e d a rling o f h i s

, ,

Qu e e n a n d concubin e s .

L
The D e vil o f W in e a n d s tro ng drink g e ne ra lly ha s a
w id e re pre s e nt a tio n i n folklore W e find hi m in the .

bibulou s Se rp e nt o f J a pa n w ho firs t los e s h is e ight h e a d s

m e ta phorica lly a n d th e n lite ra lly fro mth e firs t o f Sw ord s
,

me n Th e p e rform a nc e s o f M e phi s top h e l e s in A u e rba ch s

'
.

Ce ll a r a r e comm e mora t e d i n i ts old fre s co e s a n d i ts motto : ,

L ive drink c a rou s e r e m e m be ring Fa u s t a n d h i s pu ni s h

, , ,

me nt : it ca m e s lo w ly but w a s in a mpl e m e a s ure Thu r

, .
’

ingi a n l e ge nd s re l a t e tha t the D e vil tri e s to s top th e

building o f church e s by ca sting do w n the s ton e s but th i s ,

ma y be s toppe d by the build e rs promi s ing to e re ct a w in e

hou s e in the s a m e n e ighbourhood A n old E ngli s h l e ge nd .

re la te s th a t a gre a t ma n s c e ll a r w a s ha u nte d by d e vi l s
’ ‘

w ho dra nk u p h i s w in e On o n e occa s ion a ba rre l w a s

.

m a rk e d w ith holy w a te r a n d the d e vi l w a s fo u nd s tuck

,

fa s t on it .

Gluttony both i n e a ting a n d drinki n g ha s ha d i ts

, ,

m a ny p e r s o n i fic a tio n s The ch a ra cte ri s tics o f the H u n ge r

.
 TH E VA 2 27:s I J A U N TE D .
417

d e mon s a re tra ve sti e d i n s uch d e vil s a s th e se only the ,

d i a bo lica l a s di s tingui s h e d fro m the d e mon i c e l e m e nt

, ,

a pp e a rs i n fe a tu re s o f l uxuriou s n e s s The contra s t '

.

b e tw e e n th e s ta rve ling s a ints o f the e a rly Church a n d

th e w e ll fe d fri a rs o f l a te r tim e s w a s a fre qu e nt s ubj e ct
-

o f ca ric a ture a s in the a ccomp a ny

,

i n g e x a mpl e (Fig 30) from the .

Briti s h M u s e um fourt e e nth c e n

,

tury ( M S A rund e l ) w h e re a l e a n
.
,

d e v i l i s s a ti s fying him s e l f through

a fa tt e n e d fri a r On e o f the mo s t
.

s ignific a nt f e a tur e s o f th e O ld l e g e nd F is s
— M m m G
ou o a w
'
r ro u v .

o f Fa u s t i s the p e rs i s t e nc e o f th e a nim a l ch a ra ct e r in w hich

Me phi s toph e l e s a pp e a rs H e . i s a n ugly dog — a fit e mbl e m

o f th e s chol a r s re l a p s e into th e c a ni n e t e mpe r w hich fli e s

’

a t th e w orld a s a t a bon e he m e a n s to gn a w Fa u s t doe s

.

n o t lik e thi s g e nu in e form a n d bid s th e D e vil ch a nge it

, .

M e phi s toph e l e s th e n t a k e s the form o f a Fra ncis ca n fri a r

b u t th e k e rn e l o f the brut e i s in hi m s till a n d h e a t
’
‘
,

o nc e lo a d s Fa u s t s t a bl e w ith luxuri e s a n d w in e s from th e

’

c e ll a rs o f th e A rchbi s hop o f S a lz burg a n d oth e r rich

p ri e s ts
. T h e pr e l a t e s a r e fond o f th e ir bon e too W h e n .

M e phi s toph e l e s a n d Fa u s t find th e ir w a y into the Va tic a n ,

it i s to w itn e s s ca rou s a l s o f th e Pope a n d h is Ca rdin a l s .

Th e y s n a tch fro m th e m th e ir luxuri e s a n d w in e gobl e t s -

a s th e y a r e a bout to e njoy th e m A ga in s t th e s e invi s ibl e

.

i nv a d e rs th e holy me n bring th e ir c r u c i fix e s a n d oth e r

po w e rs o f e xorci s m ; a n d it i s a ll s n a rling a n d gro w li n g
ca nin e prie st a ga in s t puppy a s trologe r N o r w a s it ve ry .

di ffe re nt in the hi s to r y o f the long cont e ntion be t w e e n th e

tw o fo r the big bon e o f Chri s t e ndom .

The lu s t o f Gold ha d i ts d e vil s a n d th e y w e re n o t d i f

,

fe r e n t from oth e r typ e s o f a nim a li s m Thi s w a s e s p e ci a lly

.

the c a s e w i th s u ch a s r e pre se nt e d mon e y e xtorte d fro m ,

V OL I I
. . 2 D
4 18 A VAR ] CE .

the p e opl e to
pply w e a lth to di s s olut e princ e s a n d p r e
su

l a t e s The gi a nts o f A ntw e rp re pre s e nt the po w e r o f

.

the p a ga n mon a rch s w ho e x a ct e d tribut e ; but th e s e w e re

re pl a c e d by s uch gu a r
di a n s o f tribut e mon e y -

a s the Sa tyr o f our

picture ( Fig w hich .

E d w a rd the Con fe s s or
s a w s e a t e d on a b a rre l

o f D a n e g e ld ,

Vi t u n d éa ble sa e r de su s
Le tr e s o r , n o ir e t h i d u s .

m a ny good Th e re a re

fa bl e s in E urop e a n
folklore w i th re g a rd to
th e mi s e r s gold a n d
’
,

d e vil s mo n e y ge n e ‘ ’ ’

ra lly w hich e xhibit a ,

Fg 3
i .
— D r. u av u T . or a fin e in s tinct
a o a tn
A ma n na a sun n

( ms T i C ll C
.

. b B
r n .
) o . a n ta . . x . a .

c a rri e s hom e a p a ck
a ge o f s uch gold a n d on op e ning it th e re drop out in s t e a d
, ,

of mon e y p a w s a n,
d n a il s o f c a t s f rog s a n d b e a rs — the , ,

l a tte r b e ing a n a lmo s t pe rs on a l a llu s ion to the E xch a nge .

A Fre nch mi se r s mon e y s a fe b e ing O p e n e d tw o frogs only

’
-

w e re found The D e vil could not ge t a n y oth e r s oul th a n

.

th e gold a n d th e cold blood e d re ptil e s w e re l e ft a s a s ig n

,
-

o f the li fe th a t h a d b e e n live d .

I n the l e ge nd s o f the s w a rm s o f d e vil s w hich b e s e t S t .

A nthony w e find th e m r e pre s e nt e d a s g e nuin e a nim a ls .

Our A nglo Sa xon fa the rs ho w e ve r w e re quite una bl e to

-

, ,

a ppre ci a t e th e s e ve rity o f th e conflict w hich ma n ha d to

w a g e w ith the a nim a l w orld in South e rn countri e s a n d in

e a rli e r tim e s N o r ha d th e ir r e v e re nc e fo r n a ture a n d i ts

.

forms b e e n cru s h e d out by the p e s s imi s t th e ory o f the

 AN I M AL I SE D D E VI L S 419

ea rth m a inta in e d by Chri s ti a nity Gra du a lly the r e pr e

.

s c u t a tion o f th e a nim a l t e mpt e rs w a s modifi e d a n d in ,

s t e a d o f re a l a nim a l form s th e re w e re r e port e d th e b e a rd e d

b e s ti a liti e s w hich s u r
r ound e d St G u thla c
.

a n d St Godric
. Th e.

a ccomp a nying picture

( Fig .
3 )
2 i s a g roup
fro m Bre ugh e l
re pre s e nting th e d e vil s
c a ll e d a round St J a m e s .

by a m a gici a n .Th e s e
grot e s qu e form s w ill
re p a y s tudy I f w e .

s hould m a k e a s k e tc h

o f th e s a m e kind only ,

s urrounding th e s a int

w ith th e r e a l a nim a l

s h a p e s mo s t n e a rly r e

s e mbling th e s e nond e

s cript s it w ould c e a s e
,

Fig 33 —S J v
to be a di a bolic a l s c e n e .
. . r . u r as A N D
A tts .

For b e a s tlin e s s i s not a ch a ra cte r o f b e a s ts ; it i s the

a rre s t o f m a n It i s not the picture s qu e donk e y i n the
.

m e a do w th a t i s ridiculou s but th e donk e y on tw o fe e t ;

,

not the h e a r o f zoologic a l ga rd e n s th a t i s o ffe n s ive mora lly ,

but th e rough w ho ca nnot a l w a ys be ca g e d ; it i s the tw o

,

l e gge d c a l f the s n a k e pre t e ndi n g to be a ma n the a pe in

, ,

e ve ni n g dre s s w h o e v e r m a d e th e probl e m o f e vil a t a ll

,

formid a bl e . It w a s in s olubl e until me n ha d di s cove re d

a s S ci e nc e th a t la w o f E volution w hich the a nci e nt w orld

kn e w a s E thic s .

A H indu fa bl e re l a t e s th a t th e a nim a l s in th e ir migra ,

tion ca m e to a n a by ss th e y could n o t cross a n d th a t the

, ,
4 2 0 M AN SH APE D AN I M ALS

god s m a d e ma n a s a bridge a cros s it Scie nce a n d R e a s on

.

confir m th e s e a ncie nt in s tincts o f our ra ce M a n is tha t .

bridg e s tre tching b e tw e e n the a nim a l a n d th e i d e a l h a b i ta t

by w hich i f the d e ve lopm e nt be norm a l a ll the p a ss io n s
, ,

p a ss up w a rd into e duca te d pow e rs A n y p a u s e or impe

.

d i me n t on th a t bridg e brings a ll th e a nim a ls tog e th e r to

re nd a n d te a r the ma n w ho c a nnot conve y th e m a cro ss
the a by s s . A v e ry s light a rre s t ma y r e ve a l to a ma n th a t
h e i s a v e hicl e o f int e n s i fie d a n im a li s m . The I n s t o f th e
go a t the prid e o f the p e a cock the w ra th o f the lion b e a u
, , ,

ti fu l i n the ir a ppropri a t e forms b e com e in the gu is e o f a

, ,

ma n uncontroll e d by re a s on the vic e s w hich u se d to be

,

c a ll e d p oss e ss i on a n d re a lly a r e i n s a niti e s

,
.
 C H A PTE R X X I X .

TH O U GH TS A N D I N TE RP R ETATI ON S .

I L ATE L Y h e a rd the s to r y o f a piou s n e gr o w om a n w hose

fa ith in h e ll w a s s ore ly tri e d by a s ce pti c w h o a s k e d he r
h o w brim s ton e e nough could be found to burn a ll the
w ick e d p e opl e in th e w orld A ft e r ta king s om e d a ys fo r
.

re fl e ction the old w om a n w h e n n e xt ch a ll e nge d by the

, ,

s c e ptic r e pli e d th a t s h e h a d conclud e d th a t e v e r y ma n

‘
, ,

took h is o w n brim s ton e Thi s humbl e s a int w a s u n c o n

.
’

s ciou s t h a t he r in s tinct ha d r e a ch e d th e fin e s t thought o f

M ilto n w ho s e Sa t a n s a ys M y s e l f a m h e ll M a rlo w e s
’ ’
.
,

M e phi s toph e l e s a ls o sa y s W h e re w e a r e i s h e ll An d
‘ ’

,
.
,

fa r b a ck a s the y e a r 6 33 th e holy ma n F u r s e y w ho be
, ,

li e v e d him s e l f to h a ve b e e n guid e d by a n a ng e l n e a r the

re gion o f the d a mn e d re l a te d a vi s ion much lik e the vi e w
,

f
o t h e A rica n w om a n
f Th e re w e re fou r
. fi r es— Fa l s e hood ,

Cov tou n
e s e s s D ,
—
i s cord Inj u s tic e w hich join e d to form
,

o n e gr e a t fl a m e W h e n thi s dre w n e a r Purs e y in fe a r

.
, , ,

s a id L ord b e h old the fir e dra w s n e a r me Th e a ng e l

‘ ’
.
, ,

a n s w e re d Th a t w hich you did n o t kindl e s h a ll not burn

,

you .
’

S uch a s s oci a tion o f a n y principl e o f j u s tic e e ve n i n ,

form so crud e h a s b e com e ra re e no u gh in Chri s t e ndom to

,

e xcit e a ppl a u s e w h e n it a pp e a rs though th e a ppl a u s e,

h a s a bout it th a t in fu s ion o f the grot e s qu e w hich o n e p e r

c e iv e s w h e n g a ll e r y god s ch e e r th e a ctor w ho h e roic a lly
-

d e cl a re s th a t a ma n o u ght n o t to s trik e a w om a n W he n .
42 2 E R TH E AR M E N I A I V .

w e go ba ck to the a tmo s ph e re o f Pa ga ni s m w e fin d th a t
re tribution ha d a mong th e m a re a l m e a ning N othing .

c a n b e in more re m a rk a bl e contra s t th a n the di s ord e rl y

ch a ra cte rl e s s h e ll o f Chris te ndom into w hic h the murd e re r ,

a n d th e ma n w ho con fu s e s th e P e r s on s o f th e Godh e a d

a lik e burn e v e rl a s tingly in mo s t in a ppropri a t e fire s a n d ,

th e H a d e s o f E gypt Gre e c e a n d R om e , w he re e ve ry
, ,

pu ni s hm e nt b e a rs re l a tion to the o ffe nce a n d i s limite d i n ,

dura tion to the d e gre e o f the o ffe nce .

The E gypti a n s s a ys H e rodotu s ( n w e re th e

‘ ’ ‘
.
,

firs t w ho a s s e rte d th a t the s oul o f ma n i s immort a l a n d ,

th a t w h e n the body p e ri s h e s it e nt e rs into s om e oth e r

a nim a l con s ta ntly s pringing into e xi s t e nc e ; a n d w h e n i t

,

h a s p a s s e d throu gh the di ffe re nt kind s o f t e rre s tri a l m a rin e , ,

a n d a e ri a l be ings it a g a in e nt e rs into th e body o f a ma n

,

th a t i s born a n d th a t thi s re volution i s m a d e in thre e

,

thou s a nd y e a rs Prob a bly Pl a to import e d from E gypt

’
.

h i s fa ncy o f the re t u rn o f o n e d e a d to re l a te the s ce n e s o f

h e a ve n a hd h e ll E r th e A r me ni a n ( R e public x 6 1 4) s u g
, , .

g e s ti n
g a n e volution o f Rh a m p s i n i tu s ( H e rod ii w h o . .

d e s c e n d e d to H a d e s a live pl a y e d dice w ith Ce re s a n d , ,

brought ba ck gold The vi s ion o f E r re pre s e nts a te rribl e

.

h e ll ind e e d but tho s e p u ni s h e d w e re chi e fly murd e re rs

, ,

a n d tyra nts Th e y a r e puni s h e d t e n fold fo r e ve ry w ron g

.

th e y h a d committe d But w h e n thi s punis hm e nt i s e nd e d

.
,

e a ch s oul mu s t r e turn to the e a rth in s uch a nim a l for m

a s h e or s he might s e l e ct Th e a nim a l s too h a d th e i r

.
, ,

choice E r s a w th a t the choic e w a s ge n e ra lly d e te rmin e d

.

e s f —
by t pre viou e a rthly li e m a ny b e coming a nim a l s
h ,

b e ca u s e o f s om e s pite d e rive d from th e ir e xpe ri e nc e .

A n d not only did me n p a s s into a nim a l s but I mu s t a ls o ,

m e ntion th a t th e re w e re a nim a l s ta m e a n d w i ld w ho
cha nge d into o n e a noth e r a n d into corre s ponding hum a n ,

n a ture s the good into th e g e ntl e the e vil into th e s a va g e

, , ,
 TH E B AL AN CE S 4 3
2

in a ll s orts ofcombin a tion s S ly Pl a to ! Such i s

.
’
h is
es tim a t e o f w h a t m e n s s e l e ctio n s o f th e ir p a ra di s e s
’
a re

w orth !

Orph e u s cho s e to be a s w a n h a ting to be born o f w om a n

, ,

b e ca u s e w om e n murd e re d him ; Aj a x b e ca m e a lion a n d

A g a m e mnon a n e a gl e b e c au s e th e y h a d s u ffe r e d i n ju s tic e
,

fro m me n ; A t a l a nta w ould be a n a thl e te a n d the j e s t e r ,

Th e rs ite s a monk e y ; a n d Ody s s e u s w e nt a bout to find

th e li fe o f a priva t e g e ntl e m a n w ith nothing to do If .

Plut a rch s fri e nd Th e s p e s iu s h a d pond e re d w e ll this irony

’

o f Pl a to he w ould h a rdly h a ve brough t b a ck fro m h i s

,

vi s it to H a d e s the modific a tion th a t d e mons w e re provid e d

to a s s ign the a nim a l form s in w hich s ou l s s hould be born
a g a in on e a rth Th e y could h a rdly h a ve don e fo r th e
.

w ick e d a nything w ors e th a n Pl a to s ho w s th e m doing fo r

th e m s e lve s But th e m e a ning o f Pluta rch i s the s a m e

. .

T h e s p e s iu s s e e s d e mon s pre p a ring th e body o f a vip e r

fo r N e ro to be born into s inc e it w a s s a id the young o f
,

th a t re ptil e d e s troy th e ir moth e r a t birth .

A M ON G P e rs i a n s th e id e a o f future re w a rd s a n d
th e

puni s hm e nts e xc e e d s th e e x a ctn e s s o f the K ora n W hos o

h a th don e a n a tom o f j u s tic e s h a ll be hold it a n d w hos o ,

h a th don e a n a tom o f inj u s tic e s h a ll b e hold it Th e .

’

P e rs i a n Su fis w ill e ve n s ubdivid e the s oul ra th e r th a n th a t

a n y good a c t s hould go do w n w it h th e l a r ge r gro s s o f

w ick e dn e s s Sadi t e ll s o f a vi s ion w h e re a ma n w a s s e e n

.

i n h e ll a ll e xc e pt o n e foot w hich w a s tw in e d w ith flo w e rs

, , .

W ith a ll h i s w ick e dn e s s the ma n h a d w ith th a t foo t

s hov e d a bundl e o f h a w ithin r e a ch o f a w e a ry ox
y .

Bu t w hil e P e rs i a n poe t s— S u fis e nnobling th e old n a m e

,

—
S ophi s t pre s e rv e d thu s a good d e a l o f the u niv e rs a li s m
o f Pa r s a i s m a M oh a mm e d a n i s m h a rd a s the Scythi a n s
,

w h o brought it tu rn e d the h e a rt o f the p e opl e in th a t

424 H E L LS I N H UM AN .

country to s to n e I n the D re s d e n Libra r y th e r e i s a n

.

illumin a te d Pe rs i a n M S thought to be s e ve n h u ndre d

.
,

y e a r s old , w hich h a s in it w h a t ma y b e r e g a rd e d a s a

portra it o f A hrim a n a n d Ibli s combin e d H e i s r e d ha s a .

,

he a vy be a rd a n d mo u s ta che a n d th e re i s a long dra gon s

,
’

cre s t a n d m a n e on hi s h e a d H e w e a rs a gre e n a n d blu e

.

s kirt a bout h i s loin s H i s tongu e roll s thirs tily b e tw e e n

.

h i s cru e l t e e th
. H e su p e rint e nd s a n umb e r o f fis h lik e -

d e vils w hich floa t in a la ke o f fir e a n d s w a llow th e

.
,

d a m n e d A bove thi s s c e n e a re the glorifie d s oul s i n cl u d

.
,

ing the Sha h s itting cros s l e gg e d on h is r u g w ho look

-

do w n on the tortu re s b e n e a th w ith e vid e nt s a tis fa ction .

A pp a re ntly thi s i s the only a mu se m e nt w hich re li e ve s th e

e n n u i o f th e ir h e a ve n .

I f a nythi n g could m a k e a ra tion a l ma n b e li e ve i n a

fie n d principl e i n the unive rs e it w ould be the s ugge s tio n
-

o f s uch picture s th a t me n h a v e e xi s t e d w ho could conce ive

,

o f h a ppin e s s e njoy e d in vi e w o f s uch to r tur e s a s th e s e .

T hi s a n d s om e s imil a r picture s in the E a s t— fo r i n s t a nc e ,

th a t in the Te mpl e o f H orrors a t W uch a ng Chin a a r e —,

a b s olut e ly r a yl e s s s o fa r a s a n y touch o f hum a nity i s

conc e rn e d A r e the Sha h a n d h is h a ppy fe llo w in s p e ctors

.
-

o f torture s r e a lly fi e nd s ? I n th e light o f our pre s e nt

int e llige nce th e y ma y s e e m s o Ce r ta inly no p e rs on o f
.

r e fin e d fe e li n g could n o w e xp e ct to a tt a i n a n y h e a ve n

w hil e oth e rs w e re in h e ll But it w o u ld be poss ibl e i f

.
,

p e rs on s could b e li e ve th a t m a ny o f tho s e a round th e m a r e

not me n a n d w om e n a t a ll but fi e nd s in hum a n s h a p e
,
.

Th e se fe rociou s H e ll s a r e re fe ra bl e to a p e riod w h e n a ll
w ho incurre d th e s e nt e nc e s o f princ e s or pri e s ts w e re se e n

a s m e re m a s k s o f d e vil s ; th e y w e re only a s cribe d hum a n

fl e s h th a t th e y ma y s u ffe r The dogm a o f H e ll w a s

.

doom e d from the mom e nt th a t the d a mn e d w e re s uppo s e d

to be re a lly hu m a n .
 S UR VI VA LS I N E N GLAN D .
4 5
2

W e re thos e w kill e d the m a rtyrs o f h e re s y fo r

ho ,

ins ta nce to re turn to the w orld a n d look upon thos e

,

w hom th e y pi e rc e d th e y could n e ve r re cogni s e th e m

, .

W e re th e y to s e e the s t a tu e s o f Bru no H u s s Cra nm e r , , ,

Se r ve tu s th e n a m e s a n d form s w ould not re c a ll to th e m

,

the p e rs ons th e y s l e w Th e y w oul d be s hock e d i f told

.

th a t th e y h a d burn e d gre a tme n a n d w ould s u re ly a n s w e r

, ,

‘
M e n ? W e burn e d no me n Th e D e vil ca m e a mong
.

u s ca lling him s e l f H u ss a n d w e m a d e s hort w ork w ith

,

him ; he re a pp e a re d und e r s e v e ra l a lia ses — Bruno Se r v e ,

tu s Spinoz a V olt a ir e : s om e tim e s w e burn e d him a t oth e r

, , ,

tim e s m a n a ge d to m a k e him mi se ra bl e th a nk God ! But ,

w e w e re not hurting r e a l me n w e w e re s a ving th e m

’
, .

A round s uch id e a s gre w ou r y e t uncivili s e d Cod e s o f

La w . In E ngl a nd a nno 1 878 me n a r e re fu s e d a s ju ry
, ,

me n i f th e y w ill not s a y So h e lp me God i on th e

‘ ’
,

ground tha t a n a th e i s t c a nnot h a ve a con s ci e nce Only .

le t him re a lly be w ithout con s ci e nce a n d c a ll him s e l f a ,

chri s ti a n w h e n he i s n o t a n d cou rts re c e ive the s e lfis h li a r

,

w ith r e s p e ct . The old cl a u s e o f th e d e a th s e nt e nc e -

‘
in s tiga te d th e re to by the D e vil — ha s b e e n dropp e d in
th e c a s e o f murd e re rs ho w e ve r ; a n d th a t i s s om e ga in
, .

Torture by fi r e o f th e w ors t murd e re r fo r o n e d a y w ould

not be p e rmitt e d i n Chri s te ndom B e li e f in h e ll fir e .
-

outl a s ts it fo r a littl e a mong th e ignora nt Bu t w h a t .

s h a ll be s a id o f th e e duc a t e d w h o pro fe s s to b e l i e v e it ?

TH E V e n e ra bl e B e d e re l a te s th a t in th e y e a r 696 a , ,

N orthumbri a n g e ntl e m a n w ho ha d di e d in th e b e ginning

,

o f the night c a m e to li fe a n d h e a lth in th e morning a n d

, ,

ga ve a n a ccount o f w h a t he ha d s e e n ove rnight H e h a d .

w itn e s s e d th e conv e ntion a l torture s o f th e d a mn e d but ,

'

a dd s B e ing thu s o n a ll s id e s e nclos e d w ith e n e mi e s a n d

d a rkn e s s a n d looking a bout on e ve ry s id e fo r a ss i s t a nc e
, ,
4 2 6 A S TAR .

th e re a ppe a re d to me on th e w a y th a t I c a m e a s it w e re
, , ,

the brightn e s s o f a s t a r s hining a mid s t the d a rk n e s s ,

w hich incre a s e d by d e gre e s — but w e n e e d not go o n

,
’

to the a nt i clim a x o f thi s vi s ion

-
.

Thi s s ta r ri s ing a bov e a ll s uc h vi s ion s b e longs to th e

va ult o f the hum a n L ove a n d it is vi s ibl e thro u gh a ll th e
,

A g e s o f D a rkn e s s It ca nnot be qu e nch e d a n d i ts fi e ry

.
,

ra ys h a ve burnt up mount a in s o f iniquity .

‘
I n the y e a r w rit e s Floge l a ft e r th e Chronico n ,

Sa mp e tr i n u m E r fu r te n s e th e re w a s a pl a y s how n a t
’ ‘
,

E i s e n a ch w hich h a d a tra gica l e nough e ffe ct

, M a rk gra f .

Fri e drich o f M is n i a La ndgra f a ls o o f Thurin gi a h a vi n g

, ,

brought his t e diou s w a rfa re to a conclu s ion a n d th e ,

countr y b e gi n ning n o w to re vive und e r p e a c e h is s u bj e ct s ,

w e re bu s y r e p a ying th e ms e lv e s fo r th e p a s t di s tre sse s b y

a ll m a nn e r o f div e rs ion s ; to w hic h e n d a pp a re ntly by th e ,

S ove re ign s ord e r a dra m a tic r e pre s e nt a tion o f the Tm

’
,

Vi rgi n s w a s s ch e m e d a n d a t E i s e n a ch in h i s pre s e nc e
, , ,

duly e x e cute d Thi s h a ppe n e d fi ft e e n d a ys a ft e r E a s te r

.
,

by indulge nce o f the Pre a ching Fri a rs I n the Chronico n .

S a mp e tr i n u m s ta nd s re cord e d th a t th e pl a y w a s e n a ct e d
i n the B e a r Ga rd e n (i n Izo r to f er a m m) by the Cl e rgy a n d
th e ir Schol a rs But n o w w h e n it c a m e to p a ss th a t the
.
,

W i s e V irgin s w ould give the fooli s h no oil a n d th e s e ,

l a tte r w e re s hut out from th e Brid e groom the y be ga n to ,

w e e p bitt e rly a n d c a ll e d on th e Sa int s to int e rc e d e fo r

,

th e m ; w ho how e ve r e ve n w ith M a ry a t th e i r h e a d coul d

, ,

e ffe ct nothing fro m God but the Fooli s h V irgin s w e re a ll

s e nt e nc e d to d a mn a tion W hich things the L a ndgra f
.

s e e ing a n d h e a ring h e fe ll into a doubt a n d w a s v e ry

, ,

a ngry ; a n d s a id W ha t the n i s the Chri s ti a n Fa ith i f God ,

w ill not t a k e pity on u s fo r int e rc e ss ion o f M a ry a n d a ll

the Sa ints ? I n this a nge r h e continu e d fiv e d a ys ; a n d

’

the l e a rn e d me n could h a rdly e nlight e n him to und e rs t a nd

 A S TAR I N TH E WE S T . 4 7
3

th e Gos pe l Th e re upon he w a s s truck w ith a popl e xy

.
,

a n d b e ca m e s pe e chl e s s a n d po w e rl e ss i n w hich s a d s ta t e
h e continu e d b e drid tw o y e a rs a n d s e ve n month s a n d s o
, , ,

d i e d b e ing t he n fifty fiv e
’
-
.
,

I n t e lli n g th e s tory Ca rlyl e re m a rks th a t th e s e Te n ‘

V irgin s a t E i s e n a ch a r e more fa t a l to w a rlik e me n th a n

ZE s c hy lu s Furi e s a t A th e n s w e re to w e a k w om e n E ve n
’ ’
.

s o u ntil gre a t h e a rt e d me n ro se up a t E i s e n a ch a n d e l s e
,
-

w h e re to b e gin th e w ork d e s ti n e d to prov e fa t a l a lik e to

h e a rtl e s s V irgin s a n d Furi e s Th a t s ta r o f a w a rrior s

’
.

C omp a s s ion hove ri n g ov e r the fooli s h Fri a rs a n d th e ir

,

m idnight Go s p e l b e a m s fa r The s tory re mind s me o f

, .

a n i n cid e nt r e l a t e d o f a mining di s trict in Ca li forni a w h e re ,

a rud e th e a tre w a s e re ct e d a n d a comp a ny ga ve a s th e ir , ,

fi rs t p e rform a nc e Oth e llo W h e n the s ce n e o f D e s d e

, .

mon a s s u ffoca tion a ppro a ch e d a s ta l w a rt min e r l e a pe d on

’

th e s t a ge a n d pulli n g out h i s s i x s hoot e r s a id to th e

,
-

M oor Y o u d a mn e d nigg e r ! i f y o u touch th a t w om a n

,
‘

I ll blo w th e top o f your h e a d o ff ! A doz e n rou ghs

’ ’

cla mb e ring ove r the footlights cri e d R ight Jo e l w e ll , ,

‘ ’

s t a nd by you ! Th e m a n a g e r me t the e m e rg e ncy by

’

crying D on t s hoot boys I Thi s pl a y w a s w rote by Bill

,
’

S h a k e s p e a r ; h e s a n old Ca li forni a n a n d i ts a ll in fu n !
’ ’ ’

H a d thi s M oor proc e e d e d to roa s t D e s d e mon a in fir e w ith

a n y v e ri s imilitud e it i s doubt fu l i f th e m a n a g e r could h a v e
,

s a v e d him by a n a rgum e nt r e minding th e min e rs th a t s uch

w a s th e divin e w a y w ith s inn e rs in th e r e gion to w hich

mo s t o f th e m w e re going The top o f th a t th e ologic .

h e l l s h e a d i s not ve ry sa fe in th e s e d a ys w h e n hum a n
’

n a ture i s unch a in e d w ith a ll i ts s i x s hoote rs e a ch li a bl e -

to be touch e d o ff by fir e from th a t Sta r re volving in the

s ph e r e o f Comp a s s io n .

fte r d a y I ga ze d pon M ich a e l A ng e lo s La st

’
D AY a u
4 2 8 TH E D A Y OF WR A TE

Judgm e n t in the Si stine Cha pe l The a rtis t w a s i n h is

’
.

s ixti e th y e a r w h e n Pope Cl e m e nt V I I inv i te d h i m .

to cove r a w a ll s ixty fe e t high a n d n e a rly a s w id e w it h

a picture o f the D a y o f W ra th In s e ve n y e a rs he ha d .

fini sh e d it Cl e m e nt w a s d e a d Pope Pa ul I V look e d

. . .

a t it a n d lik e d it not : a ll h e could s e e w a s a v a s t nu mb e r

,

o f n a k e d figu re s ; s o h e s a id it w a s n o t fit fo r th e S i s tin e
O

Ch a p e l a n d mu s t b e d e s troye d O n e o f M ich a e l A nge lo s

’

.
,

pupil s s a v e d it by dra ping s om e o f th e figu re s Ti me .

w e nt on a n d a noth e r Pop e c a m e w ho in s i s t e d o n mor e

,

dra pe ry so the w ork w a s di s figure d a g a i n H o w e ve r

,
-
.
,

popul a r ri dicul e sa ve d thi s from going ve r y fa r a n d s o ,

th e re re m a in s the tre m e ndou s s ce n e But Pope s a n d .

Ca rdin a l s a l w a ys di s lik e d it Th e firs t i mpre ss ion I

.

re ce i ve d from it w a s th a t o f a compl e te re pre se nt a tion o f

a ll the phys ic a l po w e rs b e longing to org a ni s e d li fe thoug h
the form s a r e hum a n e ve ry a nim a l po w e r i s th e re l e a pin g
, , ,

—
crouching cra w lin g e ve ry s in e w joint mu s cl e por tra ye d
, , , ,

i n compl e te s t t e n s ion a n d a ction Th e n the e y e w a nd e rs

.

from fa c e to fa c e a n d e v e ry p a ss ion th a t e v e r cra w l e d o r

,

prow l e d in j ungl e or s w a mp i s picture d The mos t .

unpl e a s a nt e xpre s s ion s se e m e d to me thos e o f th e m a rtyrs .

Th e y ca m e up from th e ir gra ve s e a ch b r inging the i n s tr u

,

m e nt by w hich he h a d s u ffe re d a n d o ffe ring it in w itn e s s

,

a g a in s t the poor w re tch e s w ho c a m e to be j udg e d ; a n d

th e re w a s a look o f s e l f righte ou s s a ti s fa ction on the i r

-

fa c e s a s th e y w itn e s s e d the p e rs e cution o f th e ir p e rs e

c u to r s . A s fo r Chri s t h e w a s lik e a fury w ith ha n d
, ,

u pli ft e d a ga in s t the doom e d h i s h a ir w ildly flo a ting

, Th e .

torture d p e opl e be lo w a r e not in contra s t w ith the bl e sse d

a bove ; th e y w ho a r e i n h e a v e n look ra th e r more s tupid

th a n the oth e rs a n d ra th e r pl e a s e d w ith th e a nguis h th e y

,

w itn e s s but not more s a intly But gra du a lly th e e y e

, .
,

ha ving w a n d e re d ov e r th e va s t ca nva s fr o m th e torture d ,

 M AR Y BE SI D E TH E j UD GE
. .
429

Ca rdi n a l a t the bottom p to u uriou Judge a light s—

th e f s ,

on a fa c e w hich o n c e s e e n i s n e v e r to be forgott e n
, , .

B e a uti ful s h e i s th a t M a ry be s id e the Ju d ge a n d more

, ,

b e a uti ful fo r the p a in th a t i s on h e r fa c e Sh e h a s dra w n .

h e r dra pe ry to v e il from h e r s ight the a ngui s h be lo w ; s he

h a s turn e d h e r fa ce from th e J udg e — do e s not s e e he r ,

s o n i n him ; s he looks not u pon the bl e ss e d fo r s h e — , ,

the g e ntl e moth e r i s n o t in h e a v e n ; s he c a nnot h a ve joy

,

i n s ight o f mi s e ry I n th a t o n e fa c e o f pure w om a nly

.

s ymp a thy — th a t be a uty tr a n s figu r e d in i ts compa s s ion a te

n e ss — th e a rti s t put h i s s oul h i s r e ligion ,
M a ry s fa c e .
’

qu e nch e s a ll the p a int e d fl a m e s Th e y a r e a t onc e m a d e

.

i mpo ss ibl e . Th e s a m e unive rs e could not produc e both a

h e ll a n d th a t horror o f it Th e furiou s J e s u s i s ch a ng e d
.

to a ph a nt a s m h e could n e ve r be born o f s uch a moth e r .

I f th e Pop e s ha d only w i s h e d to hid e th e n a k e dn e s s o f

th e ir o w n dogm a s th e y ought to h a ve blotte d out M a ry s ’

fa ce ; fo r a s it n o w s t a nd s the re s t o f the form s a r e but

s h a p e s to s ho w h o w a ll th e w ild form s a n d p a s s ion s o f

hum a n a nim a li s m ga th e r a s a fra m e round th a t w hich i s

‘
—
th e ir c o n s u mma te fl o w e r the s pirit o f love e n s hrin e d in
,

i ts p e rfe ct hum a n e xpre s s ion .

S o w a s it th a t M ich a e l A n g e lo could not s e rv e tw o

m a s t e rs Pop e s might e mploy him but he could n o t do
. ,

the w ork th e y lik e d Th e p a s s iv e m a s t e r l e nt h i s h a nd

‘
.

to the v a s t s oul th a t o e r him pl a nn e d H e could not

’
.
’

he lp it . Th e love r o f be a uty could n o t p a int the D a y o f

W ra th w ithout s e tti n g a bove it t ha t fa c e lik e a s t a r w hich
s hin e s through i ts u nre a lity burn s up i ts u glin e s s a n d
, ,

l e a v e s the picture a m a gnifice nt int e rpre ta tion o f the form s

o f n a ture a n d hop e s o f th e w orld — a c a rdin a l hypocrit e
,

a t th e bottom a n id e a l w om a n a t th e top
, .

E X H AU STE D by th e too much glory

-
of the vi s ion s of
4 30 A s zo zv OF D AN TE

P a ra di se w hich he ha d s e e n D a nte ca m e forth to th e ,

thre s hold op e ning on the w orld o f h u m a n li fe from w hich ,

h e h a d p a rte d fo r a s p a c e a n d th e re s a nk do w n
,
As h e .

la y th e re a ng e l s ca u s e d lili e s to grow b e n e a th a n d a roun d

him a n d myrtl e to ri s e a n d int e rt w in e fo r a bow e r ove r
,

him a n d th e ir h a ppy voice s w a ft e d in lo w ton e d hymn s

, ,
-

brought s o ft s l e e p to h is ove rw rought s e n s e s L ong ha d .

he s lumb e re d b e fore th e light o f fa mili a r d a y s tol e onc e

more into thos e d e e p e y e s Th e a nge l s ha d d e p a rte d
. .

Th e po e t a w ok e to find him s e l f a lon e a n d w ith a s igh h e ,

s a id to him s e l f It i s th e n a ll but a dre a m A s he a ros e ’

, , , .

h e s a w be fore hi m a ma n o f nobl e mi e n a n d s hini n g

count e n a nc e h a bite d in a n E a s te rn robe w ho re turn e d
, ,

h i s g a z e w it h a n int e re s t e qu a l to h is o w n Quickly th e .

e y e s o f D a nt e s e a rch e d the ground b e s id e the s tr a nge r to

s e e i f h e w e re s h a do w l e s s : convinc e d thu s th a t h e w a s

tru e fl e s h a n d blood the Flore ntin e thu s a ddre ss e d him

,

Pilgrim fo r s uch thou s e e me s t ma y w e m e e t i n s imple

, ,

hum a n broth e rhood ? I f a s thy ga rb s ugge s ts tho u

, ,

com e s t from a fa r p e rch a nce th e fri e ndly gre e ting e ve n

, ,

o f o n e w ho in h is n a tive city i s s till him s e l f a pilgrim ma y ,

not be un w e lcom e .

‘
H e a rt to h e a rt be our ki s s my broth e r ; y e t mu s t I,

journ e y w ithout d e l a y to tho s e w ho w a tc h a n d w a it fo r

w ondrou s tidings th a t I b e a r .

‘
F r i e n d ! I h e a r s om e m e a ning d e e pe r tha n thy w ord s .

I f tw e re but a s s a ti s fying n a tura l curio s ity a ns w e r not ;

’
,

but i f thou b e a re s t a burd e n o f tidings gl a d fo r a ll hum a n

kind s pe a k l W ho a r t tho u ? w h e nc e com e s t a n d w ith
, ,

w h a t m e s s a ge fre ighte d
‘
A rd a V i r é f is the n a m e I b e a r ; fro m Pe rs i a h a ve I
com e ; bu t by w h a t s tra n ge pa ths h a ve re a che d this s po t
kno w I not s a ve th a t through s pl e ndours o f w orl d s
,

invi s ibl e to morta l s e n se I h a v e journ e y e d nor e n ,

 AN D AR D A VI R AR

co unte re d hum a n for m till I fou nd th e e s lumb e ring on

th i s s pot .

T re bly th e n a r t thou my broth e r ! I too h a ve but n o w ,

a s to my con fu s e d s e n s e it s e e m s e m e rg e d from th a t v a s t
,

j o urn e y Thou cl e a re s t from me ga th e ring doubt s th a t

.

th os e vi s ion s w e re illu s ive Y e t a s e ve n things w e re a lly

.
,

s e e a r e o ft e n ove rl a id by im a g e s th a t lurk in the e y e I ,

r a y th e e t e ll me s om e thing thou h a s t s e e n s o th a t p e r
p ,

c h a n ce w e ma y p a rt w ith mutu a l confirm a tion o f our

v i s ion .

‘
Th a t gl a dly w ill I do W h e n th e Ave s ta h a d b e e n
.

d e s troy e d a n d the s a g e s o f Ira n di s a gre e d a s to the tru e

,

r e ligion th e y a gre e d th a t o n e s hould b e cho s e n by lot to

,

d rink th e s a cre d dra ught o f V i s h ta s p tha t h e might p a s s ,

to th e invi s ibl e w orld a n d bri n g int e llig e nc e th e re from .

O n me the lot fe ll B e s id e the fir e th a t ha s n e ve r gon e

.

o u t s urround e d by holy w om e n w h o ch a nt e d our hymn s

, ,

—
I dra nk th e thre e cups W e ll Thought W e ll Sa id W e ll , ,

D on e . Th e n a s I s l e pt th e re ros e be fore me a high s t a ir

w a y o f thre e s t e p s ; on th e firs t w a s w ritt e n W e ll Thought ; ,

o n th e s e cond W e ll Sa id ; o n th e third W e ll D on e
,
By , .

th e firs t s t e p I r e a ch e d the r e a lm w h e re good thought s a r e

h onoure d th e re w e re the think e rs w hos e s ta rlik e ra di a nc e
e ve r incre a s e d Th e y o ffe re d no pra ye rs th e y ch a nte d no
.
,

l iturgi e s A bove a ll w a s the s ph e re o f th e libe ra l

. Th e .

n e xt s t e p brought me to the circl e o f gre a t a n d truth ful

s p e a k e rs : th e s e w a lk e d in lo fty s pl e ndour The third .

s t e p brought me to the h e a ve n o f good a ction s I .

sa w th e s oul s o f a gric u lturi s ts s u rround e d by s pirit s o f

w a t e r a n d e a rth tre e s a n d c a ttl e The a rti s a n s w e re

, .

se a t e d on e mb e lli s h e d thron e s S ublim e w e re the s e a ts

.

o f t e a ch e rs int e rc e d e rs p e a c e m a k e rs ; a n d the re ligiou s

, ,
-

w a lk e d in light a n d j oy w ith w hich non e a r e s a ti a t e d .

Sa w e s t thou th e a ir e s t o f e a rth born l a di e s

f — Be a tric e ?
-
 432 M A I D E N S OF PA RA D I SE .

‘
I sa w ind e e d a l a dy mos t fa ir
I n a pl e a s a nt grove la y .

the form o f a ma n w ho h a d but th e n p a rt e d from e a rth .

W h e n h e ha d a w a k e n e d h e w a lk e d through the grove a n d

,

th e re me t hi m thi s mos t b e a uti ful m a id e n To he r he s a i d .

,

‘
W h o a r t thou s o fa ir b e yond a ll w hom I h a v e s e e n in th e
,

l a nd o f the li v ing ? To hi m s he re pli e d 0 youth I a m

’

thy a ction s Ca n thi s be thy l a dy B e a tri c e ?

.
’

But s a w e s t thou no h e ll ? no dire p u ni s hm e nts

A la s ! s a d s c e n e s I w itn e s s e d s u ffe re r s w hos e h e ll w a s
‘
,

th a t th e ir d a rkn e s s w a s a mid th e a bod e s o f s pl e ndou r .

A mid a ll th a t glo w o n e n e w ly ri s e n from e a rth w a lk e d

s hive ri n g w ith cold a n d th e r e w a lk e d e v e r by h i s s id e a
,

hid e ou s ha g On h e r he turn e d a n d sa id W h o a r t thou

.
,
‘
,

th a t e v e r mo v e s t be s id e me thou th a t a r t mon strou s ,

b e yond a ll th a t I h a ve s e e n on e a rth ? To him s h e ’

r e pli e d M a n I a m thy a ction s

’
.
, ,

‘
But w ho w e re thos e gloriou s o n e s thou s a w e s t i n
P a ra di s e ?
‘ —
Som e o f th e ir n a m e s I did ind e e d l e a rn Zoroa s t e r ,

Socra t e s Pl a to Buddh a Con fuciu s Chri s t

, , , , .

W h a t do I h e a r ! know e s t thou th a t non e o f th e s e s a ve

a s n —
th a t l t holy o e w hom m e thinks thou n a m e s t too
lightly mong a m e n — w e re b a ptiz e d ? Thos e h a ve th e s e

e y e s s orro w fu lly b e h e ld i n p a in through th e my s t e riou s

j u s tic e o f God .

‘
Think e s t thou th e n thy o w n comp a s s ion d e e p e r th a n
, ,

th e m e rcy o f Ormuzd ? But a h ! n o w ind e e d I do re m e m ,

be r . A s I conv e rs e d w ith the s a g e s I h a d n a m e d th e y ,

r e l a t e d to me thi s s tra ng e e v e nt By guid a nc e o f o n e o f .

th e ir nu mb e r V irgil by n a m e th e r e h a d com e a mong th e m

, ,

fro m th e e a rth a mos t po w e rful m a gici a n H e bore th e .

n a m e o f D a nt e By mighty Sp e ll s thi s be ing ha d c a s t

.

th e m a ll into a s a d circl e w hich he c a ll e d L imbo o ve r ,

w h o se ga t e he w rot e though w ith e y e s full o f t e a rs A ll ‘

, ,
 A B R OKE N SPE LL .
4 33

h ope b a n d o n y e w ho e nte r h e re ! Thu s w e re th e y i n ’

a ,

g r e a t s orro w a n d di s m a y But
. pre s e ntly a s
. thi s s tra ng e
, ,

D a nte w a s a bout to p a s s on s o th e y re l a te d he look e d , ,

u p on th e fa c e o f o n e a mo n g th e m s o pure a n d nobl e th a t
though he h a d s tyl e d him p a a n he could not be a r to
‘ ’
g
,

a b a ndon him th e r e Thi s w a s Ca to o f Utic a

. H i m thi s .

D a nt e le d to th e door a n d g a ve him li be rty o n co n dition

,

tha t he w ould be w a rd e r o f hi s unb a ptiz e d bre thre n a n d ,

by n o m e a n s le t a n y o f th e m e s ca p e N o s oon e r how e ve r .
, ,

w a s thi s don e tha n thi s m a gicia n b e h e ld oth e rs w h o move d

hi s re v e re nce — a mong th e m T ra j a n a n d R p he u s
,
i — and ,

ove rcom e by a n impul se o f lov e h e ope n e d a w indo w in the ,

s id e o f L imbo biddi n g th e m e m e rg e into light

,
H e th e n .

w a v e d h i s chri s ti a n w a nd to clos e up thi s a p e rture a n d ,

p a s s e d a w a y s uppo s ing tha t he h a d don e s o ; but the

,

limit o f th a t m a gici a n s po w e r ha d be e n re a ch e d the

’
,

w in d o w w a s but v e il e d a n d a fte r h e h a d gon e a ll th e s e

,

unba ptiz e d on e s p a ss e d out by tha t w a y a n d re a s c e nd e d ,

to th e glory th e y ha d e njoye d be fore thi s D a n t e ha d

brought h i s a li e n s orc e ri e s to be a r upon the m fo r a bri e f
s p a ce .

‘
Ca n thi s be tru e ? I s it ind e e d s o th a t a ll the s a ge s
a n d po e t s o f the w orld a r e n o w in e qu a l ra nk w h e th e r or

n o t th e y h a v e b e e n s c a le d a s m e mb e rs o f Chri s t

Broth e r thy bro w i s ove rc a st W h a t c a n o n e s o pure

,
.

a n d high o f n a ture a s thou d e s ire th a t the g e ntl e Chri s t ,

w hom I s a w e mbr a ci n g the s a g e s a n d proph e t s o f oth e r

a g e s s hould turn upon th e m w ith h a tre d a n d bind th e m

,

i n gloom a n d p a in lik e thi s D a nt e ?

’

Th e re upon w ith a flood o f t e a rs D a n t e fe ll a t the fe e t

, ,

o f A r d a V i r af a n d ki s s e d th e h e m o f h i s s kirt
, Pure r i s .

thy vi s ion 0 pilgrim th a n mi n e he s a id

, , I fe a r th a t I ,
’
.

h a ve but born e w ith me to the invi s ibl e w orld the s m a ll p r e

j udice s o f my littl e Church w hich ha th ta ught me to limit ,

VOL I I . . 2 E
4 34 SWE D E N B OR G S ’
FI R S T VI SI ON .

the L ove hich I n o w se e to be boundl e ss Thou w ho

w .

h a s t l e a rn e d from thy Zoroa s te r th a t the m e a ning o f Go d

i s the e n d o f a ll e vil a unive rs e climbing to i ts flo w e r i n ,

joy d e ign to ta ke the h a nd o f thy s e rva nt a n d ma k e h i m

,

w orthy to b e thy ri e nd
f — w ith th e e h e nc e forth to a b a ndo n ,

the poor formul a s w hich ignora nc e s ub s titute s fo r virtu e ,

a n d a s c e nd to the b e a uti fu l s ummits thou h a s vi s it e d by

th e s t a ir w a y o f good thought s good w ord s good d e e d s

’
, , .

IN 1 74 5 Sw e d e nborg
tud e nt o f N a t u ra l Philo w as a s

s ophy i n L ondon I n the A pril o f th a t ye a r h is re ve la ‘

.

tion s be ga n a mid the s mok e a n d toil o f the gre a t m e tro

’

poli s I w a s hungry a n d a te w ith gre a t a pp e tite To w a rd s

. .

the e n d o f the m e a l I r e m a rk e d a kind o f mi s t s pre a d

b e fore my e y e s a n d I s a w th e floor o f my room cove re d

,

w ith hid e ou s re ptil e s s uch a s s e rp e nt s to a d s a n d th e lik e

, , , .

I w a s a s toni s h e d h a ving a ll my w its a bout me b e ing p e r

, ,

fe c tly con s ciou s Th e d a rkn e s s a tt a in e d i ts h e ight a n d

.

th e n p a s s e d a w a y I n o w s a w a M a n s itting in the corn e r

.

of t h e ch a mbe r As I h a d thought mys e l f a lon e I w a s

. .
,

gre a tly fright e n e d w he n he s a id to me E a t n o t a s ,

much .
’

In Sw e d e nborg s D i a ry the incid e nt i s re l a t e d more

’

p a rticul a rly In the middl e o f the d a y a t dinn e r a n

.
‘
, ,

A nge l s pok e to me a n d told me not to e a t too much a t ,

t a bl e W hil s t he w a s w ith me th e re pl a inly a ppe a re d to

.
,

me a kind o f va pour s t e a ming from th e p o re s o f my body .

It w a s a mo st vi s ibl e w a te ry va pour a n d fe ll dow n w a rd s ,

to the ground upon the ca rp e t w h e re it coll e cte d a n d ,

turn e d into dive rs ve rmin w hich w e re ga th e re d toge th e r ,

u n d e r th e ta bl e a n d i n a mom e nt w e nt o ff w ith a pop or

,

n oi s e A fi e ry light a pp e a re d w ithin th e m a n d a s o u n d
.
,

w a s h e a rd pronouncing th a t a ll the ve rmi n tha t could

,

poss ibly be ge n e ra te d by un se e mly a pp e tite w e re thu s ca s t

 A F ALLE N S TAR .
4 35

out o f my body a n d burnt up a n d tha t I w a s n o w cl e a n se d

, ,

from th e m H e nc e w e ma y know w h a t luxury a n d the

.

li k e h a ve fo r th e ir bos om cont e nt s .
’

Continuing the firs t a ccou n t Sw e d e nborg s a id The ‘

,

follo w ing n ight the s a m e M a n a pp e a r e d to me a ga in I .

w a s thi s tim e not a t a ll a l a rm e d Th e M a n sa id I a m .

,

God the L ord the Cre a tor a n d R e d e e m e r o f the w orld

, , , .

I ha v e chos e n th e e to un fold to me n th e s piritu a l s e n s e o f

th e H o ly Scripture I w ill my s e l f dicta te to th e e w ha t
.

thou s h a lt w rit e The s a m e night the w orld o f s pirits

.
’
,

h e ll a n d h e a ve n w e re convincingly op e n e d to me w h e re I
, ,
*

found ma ny p e rs on s o f my a cq u a inta nc e o f a ll condition s .

Fro m th a t d a y forth I ga ve up a ll w orldly l e a rn ing a n d ,

la bour e d o n ly in s piritu a l thing s a ccording to w ha t the ,

L ord comm a nd e d me to w rit e

’
.

H e g a v e up a ll w orldly l e a rning s h ut h i s int e ll e ctu a l

‘ ’
,

e ye s ,
a n d sa nk und e r a ll th e nightm a re s w hich h i s firs t

vi s ion s a w burnt up a s ve rmin A ft e r h is fi fti e th y e a r .

,

s a y s E m e rs on h e fa ll s into j e a lou s y o f h is int e ll e ct m a k e s

, ,

w a r on it a n d th e viol e nc e i s i n s t a ntly a ve ng e d
, But th e .

portra it o f the bli n d e d mys tic a s dra w n by th e cl e a r s e e r

i s too impre s s ive a n illu s tra tion to be omitte d h e r e .

‘
A va mpyre s its in the s e a t o f the proph e t a n d turn s
w ith gloomy a pp e tit e to the im a g e s o f p a i n Ind e e d a .
,

bi r d do e s not more re a dily w e a v e i ts n e s t or a mol e bore

in th e ground th a n thi s s e e r o f the s oul s s ubs tructs a n e w
h e ll a n d pit e a ch more a bomin a bl e th a n the l a s t round
, ,

e v e ry n e w cre w o f o ffe nd e rs H e w a s le t do w n through a

.

column tha t s e e m e d o f bra ss but it w a s form e d o f a n ge lic

,

s pirits th a t h e might d e s c e nd s a fe ly a mong s t th e unh a ppy

, ,

a n d w itn e s s th e v a s t a tion o f s oul s ; a n d h e a rd th e r e fo r ,

a lo n g conti n u a n c e th e ir l a m e nta tion s ; he s a w th e ir tor

,

m e ntors w h o i ncre a s e a n d s tra in p a ngs to infinity ; h e

,

s a w th e h e ll o f the juggl e rs the h e ll o f th e a s s a ss in s the

, ,
4 36 E VI L, G OOD I N TH E M AK I N G .

h e ll of la s civiou s ; the he ll o f robb e rs w ho kill a n d boil

th e ,

me n ; th e in fe rn a l tun o f the d e c e it ful ; the e xcre m e n titiou s

h e ll s ; the h e ll o f the r e v e n gfu l w hos e fa c e s re s e mbl e d a
,

round bro a d ca ke a n d th e ir a rm s rot a te lik e a w h e e l

, , .

The unive rs e in h i s po e m s u ffe rs u nd e r a m a gn e ti c

, ,

s l e e p a n d o n ly r e fl e ct s th e mind o f th e m a gn e ti s e r
, .

Sw e d e nborg a n d Be h mo n both fa il e d by a tt a ching th e m

s e lv e s to the chri s ti a n s ymbol i n s te a d o f to the mora l
,

s e ntim e nt w hich c a rri e s innum e ra bl e

,
chri s ti a niti e s h u ,

ma n i ti e s divin iti e s in i ts bos om

, , A noth e r dogm a .
,

grow i n g out o f thi s p e rnicious the ologic limita tion i s thi s ,

In fe rno Sw e d e nborg h a s d e vil s E vil a ccording to o ld

. .
,

philo s oph e rs i s good in the m a king Tha t pu re m a lignity

,
.

ca n e xi s t i s th e e xtre m e propo s ition o f unbe li e f

, .

To w h a t a p a i n ful p e rve rs ion ha d Gothic th e ology

a rrive d th a t Sw e d e nborg a dmitte d no conve rs io n fo r
,

e vil s pirits ! Bu t th e divi n e e ffort i s n e ve r r e l a x e d ;

the c a rrion in th e s u n w ill conv e rt its e l f to g r a s s a n d

flo w e rs ; a n d ma n though in brothe l s or j a ils or on

, , ,

gibbe t s i s on h is w a y to a ll th a t is good a n d tru e

, .
’

Bu t e v e n th e H e ll o f Sw e d e nborg i s not fre e fro m th e

s o ft pot e ncy o f our s t a r It is a lmos t pa in ful ind e e d to
.
, ,

s e e i ts s piritu a l r a y mingli n g w ith the fi e ry fe ve r s h a p e s -

w hich Sw e d e nborg m e e ts on h is w a y through th e colum n

o f bra s s — m a d e ha d h e kno w n it not o f a nge ls but o f

, , ,

s a va g e s criptur e s I ga ve up a ll w orldly le a rning h e

.
‘ —
s a ys : but it did not give h i m up a ll a t once Th e y .
‘

e d a mn e d s u ffe r in e ffa bl e torm e nt s ; but it w a s p e r

( th )
mi tte d to re li e ve or con s ol e th e m w ith a ce r ta in d e gre e o f
h 0 p e s o th a t th e y s hould not e ntire ly d e s p a i r
,
For th e y .

s a i d th e y b e li e ve d th e torm e nt w ould be e t e rn a l Th e y .

w e re r e li e v e d or con s o le d by s a yi n g th a t God M e s s i a h i s

m e rci ful a n d th a t in H is W ord w e re a d tha t the pri

,
‘

s o n e r s w i ll be s e n t forth fro m the pit ( Z e ch i x . .

 M E X I CA N D E VI L S .
4 37

S w e d e nbo r g re ports th a t God M e ss i a h a ppe a re d to th e s e

S pirit s a n d e ve n e mbra c e d a n d ki s s e d o n e w ho h a d b e e n
,

ra i s e d from th e gre a t e s t torm e nt H e s a ys Puni shm e nt

.
’
,

fo r th e s a k e o f pu n i s hm e nt i s th e puni s hm e nt o f a d e vil
’
,

a n d a fli r ms th a t a ll puni s hm e nt i s to ta k e a w a y e vil s or
‘

to ind u c e a fa c u lty o f doi n g good Th e s e utte ra nce s a r e

.
’

in h i s D i a ry a n d w e re w ritte n b e fore h e ha d got to th e

,

bottom o f h is Ca lvinis tic column ; but e ve n in the A r ca n a ‘

Ce l e s ti a th e re i s a gl ea m Su ch i s th e e quilibrium o f
’

a ll things in a noth e r li fe th a t e vil puni s h e s its e l f a n d ,

unl e s s it w e re re move d by puni s hm e nts the e vil Spirits

mu s t n e c e ss a rily b e k e pt in s om e h e ll to e te rnity .
’

R e d u c ti o a d a bs u r d u m ! A n d y e t S w e d e nborgi a n s
i n s i s t u pon the do gm a o f e v e rl a s ti n g pu n i s hm e nts to
s u s t a i n w hich th e y a pp e a l from S w e d e nborg h a l f s ob e r -

to S w e d e nborg m e nt a lly dr u nk .

I N th e L ibra ry r d e n th e re is a s e ri e s o f old picture s

a tD e s

s a i d to b e M e xic a n a n d w hich I w a s told h a d b e e n pur

,

ch a s e d from a Je w in V i e nn a co n t a ining d e vil s m a inly o f

’

s e rp e n t ch a ra ct e rs bl e nd e d w ith t h o s e o f hum a nity On e .

w a s a fa n ta s tic se rp e n t w ith hu m a n h e a d s h a rp s nouti s h

,

no s e m a ny e y e s s light w ings a n d to n gu e lolling out

, , , .

A noth e r h a d a hu ma n h e a d a n d re ptili a n t a il A third .

i s hu m a n e xc e pt fo r th e doubl e tongu e d a rting out A .

fourth ha s i s s uing fro m the b a ck o f h i s h e a d a s e rp e nt .

w ho s e l a rg e dr a gon h e a d i s s w a llo w i n g a hum a n e mbryo .

W h a t e ve r tribe it w a s th a t origin a te d th e s e picture s mu s t

h a ve h a d v e ry s trong impre ss ion s o f th e s urviva l o f the
s e rp e nt i n s om e me n .

I w a s re mind e d o f the picture o f the s e rpe nt s w a llow i n g

th e hum a n e mb r yo w hil e looking a t th e w a ll picture s in -

R u s s i a n church e s re pre s e nting th e conv e n tio n a l s e rpe nt

w ith d e vil s n e s tling a t int e rv a l s a lo n g i ts body a s r e r e
p ,
438 D E VO UR E R OF D E I TI E S .

se nte d in our Figure Pro fe ss or Bu s la e f ga ve me the

right a rche ology o f thi s no doubt but the d e vil s th e m
, ,

s e lv e s,a s I ga z e d s e e m e d to intim a t e a noth e r th e o r y

,

w ith th e ir fa ir form s Th e y might h a ve b e e n w inge d

.

a ng e l s but fo r th e ir h a ir o f fl a m e a n d cru e l hook s Th e y .

s e e me d to s a y W e w e re the a nci e nt e mbryo god s o f the

,
-

hum a n im a gin a tion but the se rp e nt s w a llo w e d u s H e

, .

s w a llo w e d u s s ucc e ss ive ly a s o n e a fte r a noth e r w e a v a il e d

o u rs e lve s o f h is cunning in our pri e s thood s ; a s w e bro u gh t

h i s cru e l coil s to cru s h thos e w h o d a re d to outgro w our
cult ; a s w e imita t e d h is fa n g in the d e a dlin e s s w ith w hic h
w e bit th e h e e l o f e ve ry a dva ncing think e r ; a s w he n ,

w ors t e d in our s truggl e a g a in s t r e a s on w e took to th e ,

doubl e tongu e pra i s in g w ith o n e fork th e virtu e s w hic h

,

w e poi s on e d w ith th e oth e r N o w w e a r e d e gra d e d w ith

.

h i m fo r e ve r bound to hi m by th e s e rings l a b e ll e d w it h
, ,

the s in s w e h a v e committ e d
’
.

IT was by a tru e e xp e ri e nc e th a t th e a nci e nts s o ge ne ra lly

took nocturn a l a nim a l s to b e type s o f di a boli s m Corre .

s p o n d i n g to th e m a r e th e s l e e pl e ss a ctiviti e s o f mora lly

un a w a k e n e d me n The a nim a l i s a s l e e ping ma n I ts

. .

pa ss ion s a n d in s tincts a r e a ct e d out in w h a t to ra tion a l

ma n w ould h e dre a m s In dre a m s e s p e ci a lly w h e n i n
.
,

fl u e n c e d by di s e a s e a ma n ma y m e nt a lly re l a ps e v e r y fa r
, ,

a n d p a s s through k e nn e l s a n d s ty e s w hich a r e s uch e ve n ,

w h e n s om e w h a t d e cora t e d by s hre d s o f the fa mili a r hum a n

e nvironm e nt . The nocturn a l form o f int e ll e ct i s cunning ;

the ob s cura tion o f r e ligion i s s upe rs tition ; the d a rk s h a dow
tha t fa ll s on love turn s it to lu s t Th e s e w olve s a n d ba ts .
,

on w hich no id e a l h a s d a w n e d do not prow l or flit through ,

ma n in the ir n a tura l fo rm s : in the h a l f a w a k e con s ciou s -

n e ss w ho se sta rlight a tt e nd s ma n a m id h is d a rkn e s s th e ir

, ,

mi s ty o u tlin e s s w e ll a n d in th e fe ve ri s h un e nli ght e n e d

,
 A R R E S TE D D E VE L OPAI E N T! 4 39

co n s ci e nce the y b e com e ph a nt a s m s o f hi s a nim a li s m

w e re w olv e s va mpyre s
,
Th e a w a k e ning o f re a s o n in a n y
.

a nim a l i s through a ll the ph a s e s o f c e re bra l a n d s oci a l

e volution A w i s e ma n s a id to h i s s o n w h o w a s a fra id to
.

e nt e r th e d a rk Go on child ; you w ill n e ve r s e e a nything

, ,

w ors e th a n yours e l f
’
.

TH E h a re lip w hich w e s om e tim e s s e e in the h u m a n

-

fa c e i s th e re a n a rre s t e d d e v e lopm e nt
,
E ve ry lip i s a t .

s om e e mbryonic p e riod a h a re lip Th e d e v e lopm e nt o f

-
.

m a n s vi s ibl e p a rt h a s gon e on much long e r th a n hi s int e l

’

l e ctu a l a n d mora l e volution a n d a bnorm a liti e s in it a r e

,

ra re in comp a ri s on w ith the n umb e r o f s urviva l s from the

a nim a l w orld in h i s t e mp e r h i s fa ith a n d h i s m a nn e rs
, , .

Crimin a l s a r e me n livi n g out th e ir a rr e s t e d mora l d e v e lop

m e n ts Th e y w ho re ga rd th e m a s in stiga t e d by a d e vil
.

a r e tho s e w ho s e a rre s t i s m e nt a l Th e e y e o f re a s on w i ll
.

d e a l w ith both a ll th e more e ffe ctive ly be c a u s e w ith a s ,

littl e w ra th a s a s urg e on fe e l s tow a rd s the h a re lip h e -

e nd e a vours to hum a ni s e .

I T is impre s s ive fa ct th a t the gre a t a n d re v e re nt mind

an

o f Spinoz a i n pond e ring the probl e m o f E vil a n d the

,

th e ology w hich a s crib e d it to a D e vil w a s u nco n s ciou s ly ,

le d to a nticip a t e by mo r e th a n a c e ntury th e firs t ( mod e rn )

s ci e nt i fic s ugg e s tion s o f th e principl e o f Evolution In .

h i s e a rly tre a ti s e D e D e o e t H omin e occurs thi s s hort

‘ ’

, ,

but mom e ntou s ch a pt e r

‘
D E D I ABOLI S I f the D e vil be a n E ntity contra r y i n
.

a ll re s p e ct s to Go d h a v i n g nothi n g o f God in h i s n a ture

, ,

th e re c a n be nothing in co mmon w ith God .

‘
I s h e a s s um e d to be a thinking E ntity a s s om e w ill ,

h a ve it w ho n e ve r w ill s a n d n e ve r do e s a n y good a n d
, ,

w ho s e ts him s e l f in oppos ition to God on a ll occa s io n s he ,

4 4 0 N OI VS U R VI VAL OF TH E U N F I TTE S I Z
-

w ould a s s ure d ly be a ve ry w re tch e d b e ing a n d could , ,

pra y e rs do a nything fo r him h i s a m e ndm e nt w e re much

,

to be implore d
But le t u s a sk w h e th e r s o m
.

‘
i s e ra bl e a n obj e ct co u ld
e xi s t e ve n fo r a n in s t a n t ; a n d th e q u e s tion p u t w e s e e
, ,

a t onc e th a t it could not ; fo r from the p e rfe ction o f a

thing proce e d s i ts pow e r o f continu a nc e : the more o f th e

E s se nti a l a n d D ivin e a thi n g po s s e s s e s the more e nduring ,

it i s Bu t ho w could the D e vil h a ving no tra c e o f p e r fe c

.
,

tion in him e xi s t a t a ll ? A d d to this th a t the s ta bility

, ,

or dura tion o f a thinking thing d e pe nd s e ntire ly on i ts

love o f a n d union w ith God a n d th a t th e oppo s it e o f,

thi s s ta te in e ve ry p a rticul a r b e ing pre s um e d in the D e vil ,

it i s obviou s ly imposs ibl e th a t th e re c a n be a n y s uch b e ing .

‘
A n d th e n th e re i s ind e e d n o n e c e s s ity to pre s um e th e
e xi s t e nce o f a D e vil fo r th e c a u s e s o f h a t e e nvy a nge r , , ,

a n d a ll s uch p a s s ion s a r e re a dily e nough to be di s cov e re d ;

a n d th e re i s no occ a s ion fo r r e s ort to fiction to a ccount

fo r th e e vi l s th e y e ng e nd e r
’
.

I n the cours e o f h is corre s pond e nce w ith the most

l e a rn e d me n o f h is tim e Spinoz a w a s s e ve re ly qu e s tion e d
,

conce rning h i s vi e w s upon hum a n w ick e dn e ss the d is ,

ob e di e nce o f A d a m a n d s o forth H e s a id— to a bridge

,
.

—
h i s a n s w e rs I f th e re be a n y e ss e nti a l or pos itiv e e vil in
me n G o d i s the a uthor a n d continu e r o f th a t e vil But
, .

w h a t is c a ll e d e vil in th e m i s th e ir d e gre e o f imp e rfe ction

a s comp a re d w ith tho s e more p e rfe ct Ad a m in the .

,

a b s tra ct i s a ma n e a ting a n a ppl e

,
Th a t i s not in its e l f
.

a n e vil a ction A cts cond e mn e d in ma n a r e oft e n a dmire d

.

i n a nim a l s — a s th e j e a lou s y o f dove s

,
a n d re g a rd e d a s
,
-

e vid e nc e o f th e ir p e r fe ction A lthough ma n mu s t re s tra in

.

th e force s o f n a ture a n d dire ct th e m to hi s pu rpo s e s it i s ,

a s up e rs tition to s u ppo se th a t God i s a ngry a ga in s t s uch

forc e s It is a n e rror in ma n to id e nti fy his littl e i n c o n

.
 SPI N OZA AN D COPE R N I C US 441

v e n ie n c e s obs t a cl e s to God Le t h i m w ithdra w him

as .

s e l f from the con s id e r a tion a n d nothing i s fou n d e vil .

W h a te ve r e xi s ts e xi s ts by re a s on o f i ts p e rfe ction fo r i ts
,

o w n e nd s — w hich ma y or ma y n o t b e tho s e o f me n
, .

S pinoza s a phori s m F rom the p e rfe ction o f a thing

’ ‘
,

pro c e e d s i ts po w e r o f continu a nc e i s the e a rli e s t mod e rn

,
’

s t a t e me nt o f th e doctrin e n o w c a ll e d s urviva l o f th e fitte s t

‘ ’
.

Th e notion o f a D e vil involve s th e s ol e ci s m o f a b e ing

s urviving through i ts u n fitn e ss fo r s urviva l .

SP I N OZA w as Cop e rnicu s

mora l Cos mos The
of th e .

gre a t Ge rm a n w ho di s cove re d to me n th a t th e ir littl e

pl a n e t w a s not the o n e c e ntre a n d s i n gl e c a re o f n a ture ,

le d th e hum a n mind out o f a clos e t a n d g a ve it a unive rse .

But d ogm a s t i ll clung to the clos e t ; w h e re ind e e d e a ch

s e ct s till r e m a in s holding i ts littl e i n t e r e s t to b e th e a i m
,

o f th e s ol a r s y s t e m a n d a ll ou ts id e it to be p a rt o f a
,

countl e s s hos t m a rsh a ll e d by a Prince o f E vil w ho s e

, ,

e t e rn a l w a r i s w a g e d a g a in s t th a t formid a bl e pulpit e e r

w ho s e s e rmon i s s e nding di s m a y through p a nd e monium .

But fo r ra tion a l me n a ll th a t i s e nd e d a n d i ts d e c lin e ,

be ga n w he n S p inoz a w a rn e d me n a ga i n s t looki n g a t the

mo r a l unive rs e from the pin hol e o f t he ir e go ti s m Th a t
-
.

clo s e t cre a tio n w ho s e l a w s w e re s e e n n o w a cting n o w

-

s u s p e nd e d to s uit th e a ffa irs o f me n di s a pp e a re d a n d ma n

, ,

w a s le d to a dor e th e A ll .

I T is a m a ll thing th a t ma n c a n brui s e the s e rp e nt s

s
’

h e a d i f i ts fa ng s till ca rri e s i ts ve n om s o d e e p in h is
,

r e a s on a s to bl a ck e n a ll n a ture w ith a s e n s e o f triumph a nt

m a l e vol e nce To the e y e o f judici a l ma n in s tructe d to

.
,

d e cid e e ve ry c a se w ithout bribe o f his o w n int e re s t a s a

riva l a nim a l th e s e rpe nt s fa ng i s o n e o f the mos t p e rfe ct
,
’

a d a pt a tion s o f m e a n s to e n d s in n a ture W e re a corr e .

4 42 [E WI SH G OSPE L To G E N TI L E S .

spo n p e rfe ction in e ve ry hum a n mind the w orld w ould

d in g ,

fu lfil th e my s tica l dre a m o f th e E a s t w hich ga ve o n e ,

n a m e to the s e r p e nts th a t bit th e m in the w ild e rn e ss a n d

s e ra phim s inging round th e e t e r n a l thron e .

CU R SED be th e H e bre w h a ll e ith e r e a t po r k or

w ho s ,

p e rmit h is s o n to b e in s tructe d in the l e a r n ing o f the

Gre e k s So s a ys the Ta l mud w ith a voice tra n s mitt e d
.
’
,

from the kingdom o f pri e s ts ( E xod xix From th e ’

. .

a lta r o f u n h e w n s ton e c a m e the curs e u pon A r t a n d

‘ ’

u pon th e ra ce th a t re pre s e nt e d culture ra i s ing i ts tool

upon the rud e n e s s o f n a ture Tha t curs e o f the Ta lmud .

re coil e d fe a r fully The J e w i s h pri e s thood h a d t he ir s o n

.

in P e te r w ith h is vi s io n o f cl e a n a n d uncl e a n a nim a l s a n d ,

th e comm a nd Sl a y a n d e a t ! U n in s tructe d i s thi s h e ir

’
,

o f pri e s tly Jud a i s m in th e le a rning o f the Gre e k s con

‘ ’

s e qu ntly
e h i s w ay o f —
conve rting Ge ntil e s th e h e rd o f
s w in e ,
—
the goy zm i s to conve rt th e m into c h r i s ti a n p r o to
' '

pl a s m . Sl a y a n d e a t b e c a m e the cry o f th e e l e ct a n d
,
’
.

th e ir first victim w a s the p a te rn a l Je w w ho t a ught th e m

th a t pork a n d G re e k l e a rning b e lo n g e d to th e sa m e

c a te gory .

BU T th e re w a s a nothe r J e w i s h n a tion not compos e d o f

pri e s ts W hil e the pri e stly kingdom is typifie d in Jon a h
.

a nnouncing the d e s truction o f N in e v e h w ho b e ca u s e th e , ,

gre a t city s till go e s on re proa ch e s J e hova h the n a t ion o f

, ,

th e po e t s h a s n o w i ts J e hova h I I w ho s e e s th e humili a tion .

o f the triba l pri e s thood a s a w ith e r e d gou rd co mp a re d

w it h th e a rt s w e a lt h a n d hum a n int e re s t s o f a G e ntil e

, ,

city . Th e L ord re p e nt e d
‘
Th e firs t Go s p e l to the
.
’

G e ntil e s i s in th a t g e ntl e thou ght fo r the u n circu mci s e d

N i n e vit e s But it w a s re a ch e d too l a te W he n it g a in e d
. .

e xpr e s s ion i n Chri s t w e lcomi n g Gre e k s a n d s e e ing i n ,

 TH E B R A SS COL U M N F OR M UL A .
44 3

s ton e s poss ibl e childre n o f A bra h a m ; in P a ul a ckno w

l e dging d e bt to b a rb a ri a n s a n d t a king hi s te xts from
Gre e k a lta rs or po e ts ; the e volution o f the id e a l e l e m e nt
in H e bre w re ligion h a d ga in e d much But hi s toric com .

bi n a ti o n s ra i s e d the j u d a i s e r s to a th ron e a n d a ll the n a r

,

r o w n e s s o f th e ir pri e s thood w a s r e e n a ct e d a s Chri s ti a nity

-
.

TH E colu mn o f bra ss in w ho se hollo w c e ntre th e fin e

bra in o f S w e d e nborg w a s impri s on e d i s a fit s imilitud e o f
the chri s ti a n formul a .The w hol e mora l a ttitud e o f Chri s
ti a n i ty to w a rd s n a tur e i s re pre s e nt e d in h i s firs t vi s ion .

Th e be gi n ning o f h i s s pi r itu a l ca re e r i s a nno u nce d by the

e va pora tion o f hi s a nim a l n a ture in the form o f v e rmin .

Th e chri s ti a n h e ll i s pre s e nt a n d th e s e a mi ma l p a rts a r e

,

burnt up A mong thos e burnt u p pow e rs o f Sw e d e nborg

.
-

o n e o f th e s e rp e nts mu s t h a v e b e e n h i s i n t e ll e ct From .

tha t d a y forth I ga ve up a ll w orldly l e a rning .

’

H e re w e h a ve the id e a l chri s ti a n c a ught u p to h i s

p a ra di s e e ve n w hil e h is out w a rd s h a pe i s vi s ibl e Bu t .

w h a t i f w e w e re a ll to b e com e lik e th a t Suppo s e a ll the

a nim a l po w e rs a n d d e s ire s w e r e to e va pora t e out o f ma n

kind a n d to be burnt up W e re th a t to occur to d a y the -

e fl e c t on the morro w w ould b e but fa intly to ld in th a t

'

w hich w ould be c a u s e d by s udd e n e v a por a tion s o f s t e a m

from a ll the e ngin e s o f th e w orld W e ma y im a gin e a

.

b a nd o f phil a nthropis ts s ore ly di s turbe d by the numbe r

,

o f a ccid e nts incid e nta l to s t e a m locomotion w h o s hould

-

con s pire to go a t d a ybre a k to a ll the e ngin e hou s e s a n d -

s ta tion s in E ngl a nd a n d ju s t a s th e e ngin e s w e re a bout

, ,

to s ta rt fo r th e ir w ork s hould qu e nch th e ir fire s le t o ff

, ,

th e ir s t e a m a n d bre a k the ir w orks Th a t w ould be bu t

, .

a bri e f p a ra ly s i s o f th e w ork o f o n e country ; but w h a t

w ould b e th e re s ult i f th e a nim a l n a tur e o f ma n a n d i ts

d e s ire s the w orks a n d tra d e s tha t mini s te r to the pomps

,
4 44 TH E FA TAL AI M OF CH R I S TI AN I T Y

an d va niti e s a ll w orldly a i ms a n d joys s hould be burnt u p

,
’
,

in fire s o f fa n a tici s m
—
Y e t to th a t fa ta l a i m Chri s ti a nity ga ve its e l f s o con ,

tr a r y to th a t gre a t h e a rt in w hich w a s mirrore d th e be a n

ti ful w orld i ts lili e s a n d littl e childre n a n d w he re love

, ,

s h e d i ts b e a m s o n the ju s t a n d th e u n ju s t ! Th e o rg a
n i s i n g principl e o f Chri s ti a nity w a s th a t w hich crucifi e d

J e s u s a n d took h is tomb fo r corn e r s to n e o f a s ys t e m -

mod e ll e d a fte r w ha t h e h a te d I ts ce ntra l purpo s e w a s to

.

e fl e c t a divorc e b e t w e e n th e mora l a n d the a n im a l n a ture

o f ma n O n e i s ca ll e d fl e s h a n d th e oth e r s pirit ; o n e w a s
.

th e child o f G o d th e oth e r the child o f th e D e vil

,
It re nt .

a s und e r th a t w hich w a s re a lly o n e ; i ts w hol e hi s to r y s o ,

long a s it w a s in e a rn e s t w a s the fa n a tica l e ffortto k e e p

,

a s und e r by viol e nc e tho s e tw o h a lve s e ve r s e e ki n g h a rmony ;

i ts hi s tory s i n ce i ts fa ls ity w a s e xpos e d ha s b e e n th e hyp o

c r i s y o f pro fe s s ing in w ord w h a t i s impo s s ibl e in d e e d .

B E SI D E the chri sti a n vi s ion o f Sw e d e nborg in w hich ,

th e j u d a ic pri e s t s curs e on s w i n i s h Gre e k l e a rni n g found

’

a poth e o s i s le t u s s e t the vi s ion o f a J e w i s h s e e r in w hom

,

the hum a nity th a t s p a re d N in e ve h found e x pre ss ion The .

s e e r i s Philo — n a m e rightly b e longing to th a t pure mind

,

in w hich the s ta rry id e a l s o f h i s Se mitic ra c e e mbra c e d

th e s e n s uo us b e a uty w hich a lon e could give th e m li fe .

Philo ( Pre m e t Pe n i s s e c 1 5 2 0) d e s crib e s a s the firs t

.
, .
-

joy o f the re d e e m e d e a rth the te rmin a ti on o f th e w a r

b e t w e e n ma n a n d a ni ma l Th a t w a r w ill e n d he s a y s
.
, ,

w h e n th e w ild b e a s ts in the s oul h a v e b e e n t a m e d Th e n .

th e mo s t fe rociou s a nim a l s w ill s ubmit to ma n ; s corp io n s

w ill l o s e th e ir s tings a n d s e rp e nt s th e ir poi s on

, A n d in .
,

con s e qu e nce o f the s uppre ss ion o f th a t old e r w a r b e tw e e n

ma n a n d b e a s t the w a r be tw e e n ma n a n d ma n s h a ll a l so
,
’
en d .
 M AN F RI D A Y S QU E S TI ON ’
.

H e re m e rge from S w e d e nborg s bra ss column w e ’

we e ,

p a s s b e yond P e t e r s s w ord c a ll’

e d S l a y a n d e a t w e l e a v e - -

,
’

b e hind th e Ta lmud s curs e on s w in e a n d l e a rning : w e ri s e

’

to th e cl e a r vi s ion o f H e bre w proph e cy w hich be h e ld lio n

a n d l a mb lying do w n toge the r a child l e a ding th e w ild ,

fo rc e s su bdu e d by cultu re .

‘
W H Y not God kill k e d M a n Frid a y It i s
D e bb i l as .

a qu e s tion w hich not e ve n P s ychology ha s a n s w e r e d w hy ,

n o Th e ology h a s y e t s ugg e s t e d the d e a t h o f the D e vil in

th e p a s t or proph e s i e d more th a n ch a in s fo r him in the

,

fu ture N o doubt th e n e e d o f a h a n gm a n s w hip to ha n d

’
.

th e w re tch in ord e r ma y pa rtly a ccount fo r it ; but w i th

thi s ma y h a v e combin e d a ca u s e o f w hich it i s pl e a s a n t e r
—
to think D e vil s be i n g a nim a l p a ss ion s in e x c e s s e v e n the ,

a s c e tic r e coil s from th e ir d e s truction w ith a n i n s tinct lik e ,

tha t w hich re s tra ins ra ts from gn a w ing hol e s through the

s hip s bottom
’
.

IN Go e th e s F a u s t w e re a d D oc/z da s A mike fi n d zc/z ’ ’

’

z u le be n d zg It
'
. i s a critici s m on t h e nudity o f th e Gr e e k
form s th a t a pp e a r in th e cl a s s ic a l W a lpurgi s N ight Bu t .

the a uthority i s not good : it i s M e phi s toph e l e s w h o i s

d i s gu s te d w ith s ight o f the hum a n form a n d h e s a y s ,

th e y ought in mod e rn fa s hio n to be pl a s te re d ove r H is .

se ntim e nts h a v e pre va il e d a t th e V a tic a n w h e re th e a ntiqu e ,

s ta tu e s a n d th e gr e a t picture s o f M i ch a e l A n g e lo b e a r

w itn e s s to th e pruri e nt prud e r y o f th e p a p a l mind D e vil s ‘

.

a r e our s inn e rs in p e r s p e ctive s a y s G e orge H e rbe rt

’
.
,

H E R O D O TU S ( 4 7) y s T uh e.E g ypti a n
sas con s id e
, r ‘
th e

pig to be a n impure b e a s t a n d th e re fore i f a ma n in p a ss

, ,

i n g by a pig s hou ld touch h i m o n ly w i th h i s g a rm e nt s h e

, ,

fo rth w ith go e s to the rive r a n d plung e s i n ; a n d in th e ,

44 6 TH E G RE E K I D E A L .

n e xt pl a c e sw in e h e rd s a lthough n a tive E gypti a n s a r e

, , ,

the o n ly me n w ho a r e not a llo w e d to e nt e r a n y o f th e ir

te mpl e s The E gypti a n s he s a ys do not s a crific e the

.
’
, ,

go a t ; a n d ind e e d th e ir p a inte rs a n d s culptors re p re s e nt

‘
, ,

Pa n w ith the fa ce a n d l e gs o f a go a t a s the Gre ci a n s do ,

not th a t th e y im a gin e thi s to be h is re a l form fo r th e y ,

think him lik e oth e r god s ; but w h y th e y re pre s e nt him i n

thi s w a y I ha d ra th e r not m e ntion W e n e e d not fe e l th e .
’

s a m e prud e ry The E gy pti a n s rightly re ga rd e d th e s y m

.

bol o f s e xu a l d e s ire o n w ho s e h e a lthy e xe rci s e the pe r

,

p e t u a ti o n o f li fe d e p e nd e d a s a v e ry di ffe re nt ki n d
, o f
a nim a li s m fro m th a t s ymboli s e d in th e pig s love o f re fu s e
’

a n d g a rb a ge Th e ir a s s oci a tion o f the go a t w ith Pa n — the

.

f e —
lu s ty vigour o n a tur w a s the n a tura l pre fa c e to the a rt s
o f G re e c e in w hich the w ild forc e s w e re t a u ght th e ir firs t

—
l e s s on Te mp e ra n ce Pa n b e com e s mu s ic a l The vigou r
. .

a n d vit a lity o f hum a n n a ture find in the full but not e x

c e s s i v e proportion s o f A pollo A phrodite A rt e mi s a n d , , ,

oth e rs o f the bright a rra y the h a rmony w hich Pa n w ith ,

h is pip e pre lud e s The Gre e k s ta t u e i s s oul e mbodi e d

.

a n d body e n s oul e d .

TW O me n h a d I the h a ppin e ss to know i n my youth ,

into w ho s e fa ce s I look e d up a n d s a w the thron e o f Ge niu s

illumin e d by Purity On e o f th e m R a lph W a ldo E m e r
.
,

s o n w rot e I f b e a uty s o ftn e s s a n d fa ith in fe m a l e form s

‘
, , , ,

h a ve th e ir o w n influ e n ce vic e s e ve n in a s light d e gre e

, , ,

a re tho u ght to improve the e xpre s s ion Th e oth e r .

’
,

A rthur H ugh Clough w rote W h a t w e a ll love i s good

, ,
‘

touch e d up w ith e vil H e re a r e tw o bra ve flo w e rs o f

.
’
,

w hich o n e gre w out o f th e thorny s t e m o f P u rit a n i s m the ,

oth e r from th e mon a s tic root o f O xford The vic e s .

‘ ’

w hich could improve the e xpre s s ion e ve n fo r th e pure ,

e y e s o f E m e rs on a r e tho s e w hich re pre s e nt th e s truggle

,
 SA TAN AN D TH E P OE TS .
44 7

o f h um a n n a ture to e xi s t in truth a lb e it in mis d i r e c ,

tion a n d re a ction a mid piou s hypocri s i e s The Oxoni a n

, .

s chol a r h a d s e e n e nough o f the conve ntion a li s e d c ha

r a c te r le s s good to long fo r s om e s ign o f li fe a n d fre e dom ,

e v e n though it mu s t com e a s a touch o f e vil To th e ‘ ’

.

a rti s t n a ture i s n e v e r s e e n in p e tri fa ction ; it i s r e a lly a s

,

w e ll a s lit e ra lly a beco mi n g Th e e vil h e s e e s i s good in ‘

.

the m a king w h a t oth e rs c a ll vic e s a r e voic e s in the w i l

d e rn e s s pre p a ri n g the w a y o f the high e s t .

GO D d th e D e vil
m a k e the w hol e o f R e ligion sa id
‘ ’
an ,

—
N icoli S p e a king p e rh a p s b e tt e r th a n h e kn e w
,
Th e , .

culture o f the w orld h a s s how n th a t the s om e tim e

Oppo s e d r e a lm s o f hum a n int e re s t so p e rs onifi e d a r e , ,

e qu a lly e s s e nti a l It i s through thi s e xpe ri e nce th a t the

.

D e vil ha s g a in e d s uch a m p l e vindic a tio n from the po e t s

a s in R a p i sa r d i s L uci fe ro a v e rit a bl e bring e r o f L ight
’ ’ ’

, ,

a n d Cr a n c h s Sa ta n From the l a tt e r w ork Sa t a n : A

’ ‘ ’
.

L ibre tto Bos ton : R obe rt s Brothe rs w hich s hould

’
.
,

be more w id e ly kno w n I quote s om e lin e s Sa t a n sa ys

, .

I sy mb o li s e th e w ild an d de e p
An d u n r e ge n e r a te d w a s te s o f life ,
Dar k w i th tr a n s mi tte d te n d e n c ie s o f r a c e
An d blin d mi sc h a n c e a ll c ru d e mi sta k e s o f w ill
An d te n d e n c y u n ba la n c e d by d u e w e i gh t
O f fa v o u r i n g c i r c u ms ta n c e ; a ll pa s s i o n blo w n
By wan d e ri n g w in ds a ll s u r plu s a ge o f fo r c e

P i le d up fo r u se , bu t s li pp i n g fr o m i ts b a se
Of la w a n d o r d e r.

Thi s i s the ve ry re a lm in w hich the po e t a n d th e a rti s t

find th e ir pure ve in e d qu a rri e s w h e nce a ri s e the form s
-

tr a n s figu r e d in th e ir vi s ion .

TO e vok e He le n a ,Fa u s t a s w e h a ve , se en mu s t re pa ir
,

to th e M OTH ERS . But w ho ma y th e se be ? Th e y s hin e

4 48 CH RI S TI AN I CON 0 CLASM

'
from Go e the s pa ge in s uch opa l e s c e nt tints o n e ca nnot
tra n s fix th e ir s e n s e Th e y s e e m e d to me j u st n o w th e
.

prim a l condition s by fulfill i ng w hich a nything might b e

,

a tta in e d w ithou t w hich nothing

, But n o w (y e t p e rha ps
, .

th e di ffe re nc e i s not gre a t) I s e e the M oth e rs to be the

a nci e nt h e a lthy in s tinct s a n d id e a l s o f our r a c e Th e s e .

took s h a pe in form s o f a r t w hos e e vol ution h a d b e e n ,

m a n s h a rmony w ith him s e l f Chri s ti a nity bor row ing

’
.
,

thund e r o f o n e god h a mm e r o f a nothe r s h a tte re d the m

'

, ,

s h a tt e re d our M oth e rs ! A n d n o w l e a rn e d tra ve ll e rs go

a bout in m a ny l a nd s sa ying Sa w y e my be lov e d , A mid
citi e s ruin e d a n d buri e d w e a r e tryi n g to re cove r the m ,

—
fitting limb to limb so ca re fully ! a s i f h a l f con s ciou s -

tha t w e a r e pi e cing tog e the r a ga in the fra gm e nts o f o u r

o w n hum a nity .

‘
TH E D E VI L : D oes Ice E x i s t, a nd w iza t d oe s Ire D o
Such is th e titl e o f a re c e nt w ork by Fa th e r D e la porte ,

Profe ss or o f D ogm a in th e Fa culty o f Bord e a ux H e .

give s s pe cific dire ction s fo r e xorci s m o f d e vils by m e a n s

o f holy w a t e r the Sign o f the cro s s a n d oth e r ch a rm s
, , .

Th e s e m e a s ure s s a ys o n e o f hi s A m e rica n critics ma y

’
, ,

a n s w e r v e ry w e ll a g a in s t th e Fre nch D e vil ; but our

A m e rica n B e e lz e bub i s a pote nt a t e th a t go e th not forth
on a n y s uch hints Fa th e r D e l a porte w ould ha rdly con
.
’

te nd th a t the u se o f cro ss a n d holy w a t e r fo r a thou s a nd

y e a rs h a s b e e n e ffe ctu a l in di s lodging the E urope a n
Be e lz e bub .

On the w hol e I a m incline d to pre fe r the me thod o f the

,

A frica n s o f th e Guin e a Co a s t Th e y be li e ve in a pa r ti .

c u la r ly hid e ou s d e vil but s a y th a t the only d e fe nc e th e y

,

re quire a ga ins t him i s a mirror I f a n y o n e w ill k e e p a .

mirror be s id e him the D e vil mu s t s e e him se l f in it a n d h e

, ,

a t onc e ru s h e s a w a y in t e rror o f hi s o w n u glin e s s .

 TH E F AI TH F UL M I R R OR .
4 49

No mo n s t e r e ve r conj ure d u p by im a gin a tion i s more

h id e ou s th a n a r a tion a l b e in g tra n s form e d to a b e a st .

J u s t th a t i s e ve ry hum a n b e ing w ho h a s brought h i s

n obl e r po w e rs do w n to be s l a ve s o f h i s a nim a l n a tu re .

N o e y e could look upon tha t fe a rful s ight unmove d A ll .

ma n n e e d s i s a tru e mirror in w hich h is o w n a nim a li s m

ma y s e e its e l f W e c a nnot borro w fo r thi s purpo se th e
.

a rts o f Gre e c e nor th e fa iry id e a l s o f G e rm a ny nor th e

, ,

e m a s c u l a t e d sa ints o f Chri s t e ndom Th e s e w e re but fra g .

me nts o f the ma n w ho h a s b e e n cre a t e d by combin a tio n

o f th e ir po w e rs a n d th e ir s e v e ra l id e a l s a r e brok e n bit s
,

th a t ca nnot re fle ct the w hol e b e ing o f ma n in i ts propor

tion s or di s proportion s .

Th e high e r n a ture o f ma n poli s h e d by culture o f a ll ,

h i s fa culti e s c a n a lon e be th e fa ith ful mirror b e fore h i s

,

lo w e r The cl e a rn e ss o f thi s mirror in the individu a l

.

h e a rt d e p e nd s m a inly on the civili s a tion a n d kno w l e dg e

s u rroundi n g it Th e di s cove re d la w turn s once pl a u s ibl e
.

th e ori e s to fa l s e hood s ; a nobl e lit e ra ture tra n s mut e s once

popul a r books to tra s h W h e n A r t inte rpre t s th e re a liti e s
.

o f n a ture w h e n it s ho w s h o w much b e a uty a n d purity our

,

h um a n n a ture i s c a p a bl e o f it hold s a mirror be fore a ll ,

d e formiti e s A t a th e a tre in th e ci ty o f L ondon I w i t

.
,

n e s s e d th e p e r form a nc e o f a n a ctor w ho in th e cours e o f ,

h i s p a rt s truck a child
, H e w a s complim e nt e d by a
.

hurrica n e o f hi s s e s from the cro w d e d g a ll e ry H a d tho s e .

‘
god s up th e re n e ve r s truck childre n ? Pos s ibly Y e t
’
.

h e re e a ch ha d a mirror b e fore him a n d re coile d from h is

w ors t se l f A cl e rgym a n r e l a t e s th a t w hil e looking a t
.
,

pictu re s in the B e thn a l Gre e n M u s e um h e ove rh e a rd a ,

poor w om a n w ho ha d be e n ga zing on a M a donn a s a y

, , ,

I f I h a d s uch a child a s th a t I b e li e ve I could be a good

w om a n W ho c a n s a y w h a t e v e n th a t o n e gl a nc e a t he r
.

V OL . II . 2 F
45 0 CH AR M

li fe in the id e a l re fl e ctor ma y be w orth to tha t wa nd e re r

a mid the mi se ri e s a n d t e mpt a tion s o f L ondon l

I T is not e a s y fo r thos e w ho h a ve s e e n w h a t i s high a n d

holy to give th e ir he a rts to w h a t is ba s e a n d unholy It .

i s a s n a tura l fo r hum a n n a ture to love virtu e a s to love

a n y oth e r b e a uty E xte rn a l be a uty i s vi s ibl e to a ll a n d
.
,

a ll d e s ir e it : the int e rior b e a uty i s not vi s ibl e to s u p e rfici a l

gl a nc e s but the a dmira tion s ho w n e ve n fo r i ts count e rfe its

,

s ho w s h o w n a tura l it i s to a dmire virtu e But in ord e r

.

t ha t the ch a rm o f thi s mora l b e a uty ma y be fe lt by hum a n

n a ture it mu s t be re l a t e d to th a t n a tu r e re a l b
It mu s t .

n o t be s om e childi s h id e a l w hich a n s w e rs to no n e e d o f

the ma n o f to d a y ; not s om e thing import e d from a ti me

-

a n d p la c e w h e re it h a d m e a ning a n d forc e to oth e rs w h e r e

it ha s non e .

W h e n dogm a s s urviving from the primitive w orld a r e

brought to b e hold th e m s e lve s in the mirror h e ld up by
Sci e nc e th e y c ry out Th a t i s not my fa c e ! You a r e
‘
, ,

ca ric a turing my be li e fs ! This re coil o f Supe rs tition fro m

i ts o w n uglin e s s i s the victory o f R e ligion W h a t pri e s ts
.

be w a i l a s di s b e li e f i s fa ith fl e e ing fro m i ts d e formitie s .

Ignora nt d e votion prove s i ts n e e d o f Sci e nc e by i ts t e rrors

o f th e s a m e w hich a r e lik e tho s e o f th e hors e a t firs t s ight
,

o f i ts be s t fri e nd b e a re r o f i ts burth e n s
,
— the locomotive .

R E LI G I O N , lik e e ve ry oth e r high fe a tu re o f hum a n

n a ture h a s i ts a nim a l count e rp a rt The a nim a li s e d re li
,
. ~

gion i s s up e rs tition It a s va riou s e xpre s s ion s

h .
— th e ,

a bj e ctn e ss o f o n e form th e fe rocity o f a noth e r th e cunning

, ,

o f a third It i s uncon s ciou s o f a ny thing high e r th a n

.

a nim a li s m . I ts god i s a ve ry gre a t a n i in a l pre ying on

oth e r a nim a l s w hich a r e l a id on h is a lta rs ; or pl e a se d
,

w h e n s ma ll e r a nim a ls giv e up th e ir p a rt o f th e e a rthly

 A S CE TI CI S M A F OR M OF AN I M ALI SM 451

fe a s t by s ta r v ing th e ir pa s s ion s a n d se n se s Un d e r th e .

grow th o f civili s a tion a n d inte llige nc e th a t piou s a s ce tici s m

i s re ve a l e d in t tru e form
i s — i n te n s i fie d a nim a li s m
, Th e .

a s c e tici s m o f o n e a ge be com e s the s e l f indulge nce o f -

a noth e r Th e tw o foot e d a nim a l h a ving di s cove re d th a t

.
-

h i s god do e s not e a t the m e a t l e ft fo r him e a ts it him s e l f , .

L e a rning th a t h e g e t s a s much from hi s god by a w a fe r

a n d a pra y e r h e o ffe r s th e s e a n d r e t a in s the gi ft s tr e a s ure s
, , ,

a n d pl e a s ure s s o commut e d — th e s e how e ve r b e ing w i th

, , ,

dra w n from th e dire ction o f the high e r n a ture by the fa ct

o f b e i n g obt a in e d through th e condition s o f the low e r a n d ,

d e pe nd e nt on th e ir pe rs i s t e nce In proc e s s o f tim e the

.

form s a n d formul a s o f re ligion d e t a ch e d from a ll re a lity

,

s uc h a s no conc e iva bl e mon a rch could d e s ire — not o n ly

b e com e s e n s e le s s but d e p e nd upon th e ir s e ns e l e ss n e ss fo r

,

continu a nc e Th e y re fu s e to com e a t a ll w ithi n the

.

d om a in o f re a s on or common s e n s e a n d tru s t to m e nt a l
-

to r por o f the m a ss e s forc e o f h a bit in th e a ggre g a te s e l f

, ,

i nte re s t i n the w e a lthy a n d pow e rful bribe s fo r think e rs ,

a n d s chol a rs .

A N I M ALI SM di sgui s e d a s a re ligion mu s t re nd e r the

hum a n re ligion a bl e to ra i s e p as s ion s into divin e a ttr i
,

but e s o f a p e rfe ct m a nhood imposs ibl e s o lo n g a s it

,

continu e s Th a t a hum a n re ligion c a n e ve r com e by a n y

.

proc e ss o f e volution from a s up e rs tition w hich c a n only

e xi s t by mini s try to the b a s e r motive s i s a d e lu s io n .

Th e only hop e o f s oci e ty i s t ha t i ts ind e p e nd e nt mind s

ma y g a in culture a n d s o s urround thi s u n e xtinct mon
,

s t e r w ith mirrors th a t it ma y p e ri s h thro u gh s h a m e a t

i ts m a ni fold d e formiti e s Th e s e a r e s ymboli s e d in the

.

m a ny h e a d e d ph a nta s m w hich i s the s ubj e ct o f thi s w ork

-
.

D e mon D ra go n a n d D e vil h a ve long p a ra ly s e d th e fin e s t

, ,

pow e rs o f ma n p e opli n g n a ture w ith horrors th e h e a rt

, ,
45z S CULP TUR E S A T M A G D ALE N COLLE GE .

w ith fe a rs a n d ca u s in g the re l igi o u s s e ntim e nt its e l f to

,

ma k e a ctu a l i n hi s tory the w ors t e xce s se s it pro fe s se d to

co mba t i n i ts im a gin a r y a dve rs a ri e s M y l a r ge s t hope i s .

th a t from the dra gon gu a rd e d w e ll w h e re Tru th i s to o

-

much co n c e a l e d she ma y e m e rge fa r e no u gh to bring he r

mirror b e fore th e se ph a n tom s o f fe a r a n d w ith fa r da rting ,
-

b e a m s s e nd th e m ba ck to th e ir ca ve s i n Ch a os a n d a nci e nt
N ight .

TH E b a ttl e m e nts o f the cloi s t e rs o f M a gd a l e n Coll e ge ,

Ox ford a r e cro w n e d w ith a n a rra y o f figure s re pre se ntin g

,

virtu e s a n d vice s w ith c a rve d a ll e gori e s o f te a chi n g a n d

,

le a rning Und e r the Gove rnor s w indow a r e the p e lic a n

’
.

fe e ding i ts young from i ts bre a s t a n d the lion d e notin g , ,

th e t e nd e rn e ss a n d the s tr e ngth o f a M a s t e r o f youth .

—
Th e re follo w th e pro fe s s io n s the l a w y e r e mbra cing h is
cli e nt the phys ici a n w ith h is bottl e the divin e a s M o s e s
, ,

w ith h i s t a bl e s o f th e La w N e xt a r e the Sl a ye rs o f
.

Goli a th a n d oth e r mythica l e n e mi e s W e com e to more .

re a l a lbe it mon s trou s e n e mi e s ; to Gluttony in e c c le s i

, ,

a s ti c a l dr e s s w ith tongu e
,
lolling out ; a n d lo w bro w e d -

L uxu r y w ithout a n y v e s ture w ith a w id e mou th e d a nim a l

,
-

ea er d fa c e on i ts b e lly t h e s
,
a m e to n g u e lolling out— a s in

our fi gure s o f Typhon a n d K a li D ru nk e nn e ss ha s thre e .

a nim a l h e a d s — o n e o f a d e gra d e d hum a nity a noth e r a ,

s h e e p th e third a goo se
,
Cru e lty i s a w e re w ol f ; a frog
.

fa ce d L a mi a re pre s e nts i ts mixture w ith L u s t ; a n d oth e r

vice s a r e re pre s e nte d by oth e r mon ste rs chi e fly d ra gon s ,

w ith gri ffi n f orm s u ntil ,

th e l a s t i s r e a ch e d — the D e vil ,

w ho i s j u s t oppo s ite th e Gov e rnor s s ymbol s a cro s s the

’

qu a dra ngl e .

So w a s re pre se n t e d s om e c e n turi e s a go th e conflict o f

, ,

Ormuzd a n d A hrim a n fo r the young s oldi e rs w ho e nli ste d

,

a t Ox ford fo r th a t s truggl e A c e r ta in a mount o f fa ncy

.
 L I GH T A N D D A R K N E S S .
453

ha s e nt e re d into the e xe cution o f the figure s ; but i f thi s ,

be c a re ful ly d e ta che d th e hi s to r y w hich I ha ve a tte mpte d

,

to t e ll in th e s e volum e s ma y be ge n e ra lly tra c e d in the

M a gd a l e n s t a tu e s E a ch re pre s e nt s s om e ph a s e in th e
.

a dva nce o f the w orld w h e n und e r n e w e m e rg e nci e s e a rli e r

, , ,

s ymbol s w e re modifi e d re combin e d a n d pr e s e ntly re pl a ce d

, ,

by n e w s h a p e s It w a s fo u nd ina d e qu a te to ke e p the
.

s chol a r thro w ing s ton e s a t the mummy o f Goli a th w h e n

by h is s id e w a s living Gluttony in re ligiou s ga rb The .

s criptura l s ymbol s a r e gra du a lly mix e d w ith those o f

Gre e k a n d G e rm a n mythology a n d by s uch conta ct w ith ,

n ature a re a ble to ge n e ra te form s w hose lolling tongu e s , ,

w id e mouth s a n d oth e r e xpre s s ion s re pre s e nt w ith s om e

, ,

r e a li s m the phy s iog n omi e s o f brut a lity le t loo s e through

a dmi s s ion to hum a n Sh a p e a n d po w e r .

It ma y be tha t w h e n th e y w e re s e t up the you n g

, ,

Oxoni a n p a sse d s hudd e rin g th e s e t e rribl e form s dre a d e d ,

the s e w e re w olve s a n d s uccube a n d dre a m e d o f going ,

forth to imp a l e dra gon s But n o w the s culpture s e xcit e

.

only l a ught e r or curio s ity w h e n th e y a r e not p a s s e d by

,

w ithout notice Y e t the old conflict b e tw e e n L ight a n d

.

D a rkn e s s ha s not c e a s e d Th e a nci e nt form s o f it p a s s

.

a w a y ; th e y be co me grot e s qu e S uch w a s n e c e s s a rily th e

.

c a s e w h e re the e xce ss ive mythologic a l a n d fa nci fu l e le

m e nts introduc e d a t o n e pe riod fa ll upon a noth e r p e riod
w h e n th e y hid e the m e a ning Th e ir ob s curity e ve n fo r
.
,

a ntiqu a ri a n s m a rk s h o w fa r a w a y from tho s e cold b a ttl e

,

fi e ld s the s truggl e th e y s ymboli s e d ha s p a ss e d Bu t it .

c e a s e s not Som e s chol a rs w ho li s te n to th e s w e e t ve s pe rs

.

o f M a gd a l e n ma y think th e conflict ove r ; i f so e ve n poor ,

broth e r M oody ma y e nt e r th e tru e kingdo m b e fore th e m ;

fo r w h e n pre a ching in B a ltimore l a s t Se pt e mbe r h e s a id
, , ,

M e n a r e po s s e s s e d o f d e vil s j u s t a s m u ch n o w a s th e y
e v e r w e re
. The d e vil o f rum i s a s gre a t a s a n y th a t e ve r
454 I N CI D E N T A T N O TR E D AM E .

live d W hy c a nnot this o n e a n d a ll othe rs

. be c a s t out ?
B e c a u s e th e re i s s i n in the chri s ti a n c a mp .
’

TH E picture w hich clos e s thi s volum e ha s b e e n m a d e fo r

me by the a rti s t H e nn e s s e y to re cord a n incid e nt w hic h
,

occurre d a t the door o f N otre D a m e in Pa ri s l a s t s umm e r .

I ha d b e e n e x a mining a n ugly d e vil th e re tre a ding do w n

hum a n form s into h e ll ; but a d e a r fri e nd look e d high e r ,

a n d s a w a bird brooding ov e r i ts y oung o n a n e s t s upporte d

by th a t s a m e horribl e h e a d .

So a bove th e s ymbol s o f w ra th in n a ture L ov e s t i l l

, ,

i nt e rw e a ve s h e a v e nly tints w ith th e my s t e ry o f li fe ; be

s id e th e horn s o f p a i n pre p a r e s m e lodi e s .

E ve n so a l s o ove r the a nim a li s m w hich d e form s ma n

, , ,

ri s e s the a nim a l pe rfe ction w hich s h a m e s th a t ; h e re a s c e n d

i n g a bov e th e r e ign o f viol e n c e by a fe a th e r s forc e a n d
’

s e curing to th a t littl e cre a t u re a t e nd e rn e s s th a t cou ld

b e s t e xpre s s the h e a rt o f a Chri s t w h e n it w ould ga th e r
,

h um a nity und e r h i s w ings .

Thi s s a m e littl e s c e n e a t th e c a th e dra l door c a m e

b e fore me a ga in a s I s a w the Oxoni a n youth w ith th e i r ,

morning fa ce s p a s s ing s o h e e dl e s s ly tho s e a nci e nt s culp

-
,

ture s a t M a gd a l e n Ove r e ve ry h a ppy h e a r t the sa m e old

.

l ove w a s brooding i n e a c h n e s tling fa culti e s w e re t r ying

,

to g a in th e ir w ings To w h a t w ill th e y a s pire tho s e

.
,

s tud e nt s moving s o light h e a rt e d a mid the d e a d dra gon s

-

a n d s a t a n s o f a n e xtinct w orld D o th e y think th e re a r e

n o more dra go n s to be s l a in ? K n o w th e y th a t s a ying ,

H e d e s c e nd e d into h e ll ; a n d th a t from O rph e u s a n d

‘ ’

H e ra kl e s to M oh a mm e d a n d Sw e d e nborg thi s i s the bur ,

th e n fe lt by tho se w ho w ould be s a viours o f me n

It i s n o t o nly loving bird s th a t build th e ir n e s ts a n d
r e a r th e ir young ove r the horn s o f forgotte n fe a rs but a l a s ! , ,

th e H a rpi e s too ! Th e s e w hich D a nt e s a w n e s tling in

,
 S UR S UM COR D A.
4 55

s till pl a nt s — onc e me n w ho ha d w ronge d th e m se lve s

re a r s ucc e s s ors a bove th e a s pira tion s tha t h a ve e nd e d in
nothing but l e a ve s Th e s culpture s o f M a gd a le n a r e
.
’

incompl e te Th e re i s a va ca nt s id e to th e qu a dra ngl e

.
,

w hich it i s to be fe a re d a w a it s th e tru e r t e a chi n g th a t

, ,

w ould fill it up w ith th e r e a l dra gon s w hich no youth could

h e e dl e s s ly pa s s W ho c a n ca rve th e re the w rongs th a t

.

a w a it th e ir po w e rs o f re dre s s ? W h o c a n s e t b e fore th e m ,

w ith a ll i ts b a s e n e s s th e tru e e mbl e m o f piou s fr a ud

,
?

W h e n w ill th e y se e in a n y s ton e mirror the re a l s h a p e

o f a doubl e to n gu e d Culture — o n e fork intoning lit a ni e s
-
,

a noth e r w hi s p e ring cont e mpt o f th e m Th e w e re w olve s o f

s chol a rly s e lfi s hn e s s th e L a mi a s o f chri s ti a n c a s ui s try
, ,

the s ubtl e int e llig e nc e th a t i s fe d by s a g e s a n d h e ro e s but

,

turn s th e m to du s t n a y to v e nom b e ca u s e it d a re s not be

, , ,

hum a n s till cra w l s— th e s e a r e y e t to be re ve a l e d in a ll

,

th e ir horrors Th e n w ill the old c r y SU RSU M CO RD A

.
, ,

s ound ov e r th e a nci e nt s ymbol s w h e r e on s chol a r s w a s t e

th e ir s tre ngth by w hich th e y a r e conqu e re d ; a n d w ings

,

o f coura g e s h a ll h e a r th e m w i th th e ir a rro w s o f light to

re s cu e from Sup e rs tition the holy pl a ce s o f H um a nity .

 TIZ> I ZLJX
ll IN { .

An on , i . 1 87, 335 ; u .
4 7, 2 35 Ahu r s , see As u r a
A ba d d o n , i 1 82 , 2 89 . A ir , P
r i n c e o f, i i 2 1 0 sq 2 36, 398 . .

A be l ( a n d Ca i n ), i 1 85, . 1 88 ii . 1 35, Ai tu ta lr i , i 4 3 .

l 4 39 2 359 2 79 Ai x la Cha pe lle , le ge n d s,

- -

A bgo tt, i 2 2 se q 11 1 3 scq , 4 7 m

.
g . . . . Aka a n gs , i 4 2 .

A br a ha m, i i 54 , 81 seq , 1 32 , 2 62 . . A kh kh a r u . i 4 9. 55
A c ca d ia n My tho lo gy , i 88, 89, 1 1 0, . A lba c h, th e gia n t, i 1 99 .

2 56 ; ii 1 08 . A lbige n se s , i i 2 5 2 .

A cc u se r s, i 34 4 ; ii 1 5 1 , . 1 69 . A lbi o n , i 1 60 .

A c ta s , th e , i 2 69 A lbo o r d j , i i 2 7
m
. .

A d a m, i 2 8, 1 35 ; 1 1 68W " 77, 85, A a ti» . i 80 394.

.

. .

889 9 1 l 4 3o 2 091 2 1 5: 2 2 3: 385: Alc h e my, i i 303 .

405: 411 Ale w i fe , th e w i c ke d , i i 390

-
.

Be lia l, n a me o f Sa ma e l, i i 2 62 . Al ha mbr a , le ge n d o f, i 1 60 .

A da mi te s , i i 2 2 4, 2 2 5 . Altla t , go d d e ss o f Se mi ti c t r i be s ,
A da r , Cha ld e a n He r c u le s, i 1 1 0 . Al la h, i 1 81 , . ii 92 , 1 4 3, 2 6 1 .

A dd e r , i 358 . A lla t, i 1 , ii 106 . .

Ad i , Sh a i k h, his sc r i ptu r e , i 2 8 . Alp , i 1 9 .

Altma r k , Te u fe lse e i n , D e v il s a lta r

’
A d i ti , i 1 5 .

A d me tu s , i 2 85, 2 86 . at , i 2 2 1
. W i ll o
’
W i sp, i 2 2 5; ii - -
.

Ad o d , s u n go d , ii 55 -
.
389
A d o n i s, i 79 . Al U sza , i 1 7 .

E 0 102 , ki n g, i 99, 1 1 8, 1 1 9 . Ama le ki te s , s o u r c e of po w e r o f, 11.

E o n s , i i 2 54 1 1
i
.

E s o hy lu s , E u me n i d e s o f, i 8 . Am lr i c h o f Be n a , i i 2 55 .

Mo i r e o f, i 4 2 1 . Ama zo n s , i i 1 0 1 , 1 02 .

Pr o me the u s o f, i 385, 42 1 . Ambu lo n e s , s pi r i ts ca lle d , i . 2 40

Ae s h ma , i 1 9, 58; i i 2 63, 2 64 Ame n Ra , Hy mn s to , le ge n d
-
o f, i. 2 6
5 ,
”9
. .

A e s i r , i 79, 84 .
32 1 3 11 - 1 07
Afr i c a , E u c ha r i s t o f, 11 2 1 9 . me n ti , Egy ptia n pa r a d i s e ,

Se r pe n t d r a ma o f, i n Ame r ica , -
Amo s, p r o phe cy o f i i 2 4 1 , .

i 332 seq
. . Amr i ta , i 4 6, 59, 356 , 11 67, 68, . .

Agn i . i 5 7. .
75 7
. x c . 2 6
7 35
. °
i i 31 3
. An a k i m, 1 i 405 .

Agr i c u ltu r e a n d H u n tin g, i 1 88 11 . . An a n i a s , i i 2 36 .

An a n ta a n d Se sha , cha r a c te r i sti cs of

Agr i mo n y , 11 32 4 . V i s h n u , i1 35 1 .

Agr i p p a , i i 2 10, 2 85 . An ge lo , Mi c ha e l, hi s Mo se s , i 1 9 .

A h i th e th r o ttle r , i 1 74 , 355 seq , . . h is Li li th, i i 9 7 .

3 6 2 , 4 07 ; i i 2 9 , 66, 1 76 . hi s D a y o f W r a th, 1 1 4 2 8 .

Ah me t, i 2 8 . o f c o mmo ti o n , i 1 00 .

A hr i ma n : i 2 51 36, 60, 2 539 3691 4 2 3 o f d ea th, i 2 8 9 .

i i 6, 2 1 , 2 4 scq , 34, 76, 1 05, 1 58,

. . d e s tr o yi n g, i 2 52 .
°

184 , 2 35. 4 24. 45 2 r e be lli o u s , ii 1 2 3 se q . .

4 58 I N DE X .

An i gu e l, 11 . 2 99 As tms , i 2 0 ; 11 . . 1 19
An i ma ls, i . 17
°
As tr a te i a , i i 1 1 9 .

le ge n ds o f, i . 1 2 1 seq .
°
11. 369 As tr o lo gi ca l d a n c e s , i . 2 51
0
51 3 5 8 As tr c lo gy , i 74, 2 5 1 11. 08
3 ,
g
. seq .
;
An i ma li s m, seq .
42 0, 4 37 seq
.
32
As ty a ge s, 11 1 76 .

An n e ] , 11 2 2 9 . As u ma n , i i 2 89 .

An n u n a k, i 1 77 . As u r a , i 2 6 . 375. 4 06 ; 4 n .
, 2 3. H 3
A n n w n , i 78 . Ate r ga ti s , Sy r ia n 1 10 fis h d e i ty , i -
.

A n i ya , i i 1 05 . Athe n e , 1i 2 35 .

A n r Oma i n y u s , Atki n s o n , H G , cit 1 1 2 2 7 . . . .

A n ta e u s , i 7 A u ca ss in a n d N i co le tte , i i 2 6 7
40 . .

Au e r ba c h s ce lla r , i i 336, 4 1 6
’
A n te c e ss o r , i i 32 2 . .

An ti hr is t, i i 2 4 se q 3 ,
1 6 3 0,
2 9
3 ,2 Au e r ha h n , i i 2 84
g
. . .
,

39 Au r e li us, Ma r c u s , 11 2 44 .

An tw e r p gi a n ts , ii 4 1 8 . Aus tr a lia n s u pe rs ti ti o n , i 2 69 se q . .

A n u , i 1 09 ; i i
. . 2 35 Au to ma tic , i i 2 74 .

A p hr o d 1te , i 79, 1 2 0, 2 1 4 ; A v a llo n , i

.
234 .

2 67 Av e r r u n c i, 1i 2 90 .

Apo c a te u i l, Pe r uv ia n go d , i 1 98 Av i ce n n a o n G e n ii , i 1 7
q . .

AP° n ° a i I S6 3771 Aza z e l, i 1 7, 1 87, 1 88;

. 1 87,

37 8 . 4 1 4 . i i 2 89 2 28
Apo llo n i u s o f Ty a n a , se q . Azr a e l i . 2 90, 2 9 1
Ap o lly o n s, i 1 82 ; i i 1 9 1 . . Az r u , 1 .
40 1 , 4 02
po p hi s , 1 340 s q ii 1 08 . . .

A po tr o p a e i , i i 2 90 . Bu t, i 9, 62 , 65, 78, 1 83
.

Aqu i n as , i i 386 . Ba by lo n , K i n g o f, i i 1 1 8, 1 34 .

h is pr a y e r fo r the d e v il, 11 386 . Ba c o n , Ro ge r , ii 2 85 .

“ 9 Ba gs ,
Ar a bi a n le ge n ds , c i t i 1 07, 1 98, 2 90 ; . . Ba h i r a w a , 1 1 4 08 .

i i 1 36 Ba h ma n , i 1 7
.

. .

Ar bu d a , i 1 7 1 . Ba h u , Ass y r i a n , Qu ee n o f Ha d e s, 1 1 .

Ar c a d i a n s , i 1 56 seq . . 1 05, 1 08, 1 1 4

Ar di Vi r ti f, i 2 57 ; 1 1 4 30 . . Ba kw a i n s , s u p e rs ti ti o n o f, i 98 .

A r e as i 971 2 75° Ba la , i 7 1
.

Ar i e l, i i 2 99 . Ba la a m, i i 1 63 .

Ar k, N o a h s, i 335, 337, 4 1 1 ; o f Ba ld u r , i 78 s eq
’
. . .

Co v e n a n t, i i 2 38 . Ba li , i 1 6 1
.

Ar n o b i u s , i i 305 . Ba lza c , a n ec d o te o f, i 2 2 3 .

A r n o ld , Ma tth e w , c it i 2 2 5 . . Ba mbi n o o f Ro me , i 338 .

Arn u lp hu s , c it i i 2 54 . . Ba p ti s m. i 75 ; i i
A r s mo r i e n d i , ii 394 . Ba r ba r o ss a , i 1 0 1 i i 31 8 .
°
.

Ar thu r , K i n g, i 68, 368 ; 11 31 7 . . Ba r ba to s , w i ld a r c he r , 1 10 1 i i 2 99 .

°
.

Ba r be r s p o le , me a n i n g, i 35 2
’
Ar y a s i 1 5 1 . .

,
An . i i 2 65. 304 . 307 a r di a m, i 78 .

Asa el, i 1 7 i i 2 6 5, 2 99, 304, 30 7 Ba r i n g Go u ld , ci t 11 2 79 ; i 2 1 8

;
-
. . . . .

As hd a h a k, i i 1 76 . Bar fa e l, i i 2 99 .

As h M o gh, i 32 2 ; . Ba r r e n n e ss , i 1 70 s e q . .

As mo d e u s , i 1 9, 58 ; i i 1 00, 2 63, . . Ba r te l, i 1 1 1 .

2 64 2 68. 30 3. 31 1 . 320. 38s. 4 1 5 Ba s i li s k , i 36 1 seq .

,
As p r 1 34 31 352
° Ba v e n t, Ma d e li n e , 11 2 68 .

Ass , i 1 83 ; i i 1 63,
. . 2 95 Be a r le ge n ds , i 1 4 5, .

Ass y r i a n i 88 , Fi re -
o
g ,d . Be a s t i n Apo ca lyps e , i i 5, 2 47 .

Mytho lo gy , i1 1 06 seq . . Be a u mo n t, o hn , c it ii 1 J . .

Ps a lm, i 2 55, 2 56 . Be a u ty a n d th e be as t, i 1 4 5, 1 4 6 .

As ta r o th, i i 2 99 . Be d a r go n , ii 1 1 6 .

As ta r te , i i . Be e lze bu b, i 9, 10 ; 11 1 2 6, 1 44 , . .

As to r i a , ii 1 1 9 . 2 99
 INDEX .
4 59

Be he moth , i 4 6, . seq . Br i to n s , i 1 64 .

Be l, i . 1 09 , 1 1 0 ii . 1 1 0 seq .
, 1 1 8, 1 2 0, Br o w n e , M r J . .
, c it. 11 2 2 2 .

1 2 7, 1 76 Br o w n i e , i 1 63, 1 65 .

Be le mn i te s , i 1 0 1 . Bu d d ha , i 2 4, . 1 2 5,
Be li , i 1 89 . “ 3 1 86
Be li a l, i 1 8 ; 11 1 9 1 , 1 9 2 , 2 87, 2 99
. . Bu ll, le ge n d s o f, i i 2 9 .

Be lle r o ph o n , i 1 54 , 1 5 5, 382 , 386 . Bu n y a n , d e sc r i p ti o n o f d e v i l, c it. 1 1.

Be lo n , D r , o n go ld fis h, i 2 2 8
.
-
. 191
Be lu s, ii 99 . Bu r ma h , r a i n s u pe r s ti ti o n , i 35 6 .

Be lta n e c a k e , i 4 7 Ba r to n , An a to my o f Me la n c h o ly, ci t
‘ ’
. .

Be n a j a , So lo mo n s s e r v a n t, 11 4 1 5 ’
i 2 40, 4 1 i i 2 10
. .

2 .

Bo n e e lo h i m, i i 40 5 . Bu s la e f, i i 4 38 .

Be o w u lf a n d the d r a go n , i 368 . Bye lbo g, i i 2 5 3 .

Be r c h ta , se e Be r tha By th o s, G n o s tw , 11 2 0 7 .

Be r se r k e r s , i 1 62 .

Be r tha , i 2 1 4 2 1 5 .
,
Ga mma , i 407 ; 11 2 78 . .

Be thge le r t, i 35 1 . Cmd mo n , cit i i 1 2 1 s eq . . .

Bhn t, i 4 9 . Caesa r s a s go d s , i i 2 4 3, 2 44 .

Bi a m o f Au s tr a li a , i 98 . Ca il lia c h mo r e , 1 2 02
-
.

Bi c ke r s ti th , D r , o n the D e v il, 11 2 72 . . Ca i n . 1 1 85 ; i i 87. 1 35. 1 4 3. 2 35

.

Bigo t, th e w o r d , i 2 2 . 011 111, i i 409.

Bild a d, i i 1 52 , 1 54, 1 55 . Ca la s , Si n gha le se , i 2 75, 2 76 ; ii 408, . .

Bile a m, i i 304 .

Bi s ho p s Bi ble , ci t i 1 6 Ca ld e r o n d e la Ba r c , 1 i 34 1
’ ’

. .

a .

Bla c k M o n k o f th e D a n u be 1 1 1 6 Ca li fo r n i a s pr i n gs , i 1 1 3, 2 2 0 ; sto r y .

P
Bla c k r i n c e , i i 408 . o f, i i 4 2 .
7
Bla k e , W il li a m, c i t i 1 3 ; 11 2 69 . . . Ca llo t, p 1c tu r es by , i 4 1 7 11 1 90, 39 3 . .

Bla s p h e my , i i 2 32 . Ca lme t, c i t i 334 ; i i 1 67 . . .

Blo c k s be r g, i 1 1 4 1 1 32 2 . . Ca lu Cu ma r a , i i 408 .

Blo k u la , i 31 8; i i 32 2 . . Ca ma , Lu s t, i i 4 09 .

Blo o d c o v e n a n t, ii 2 1 9, 308 . Ca me r a r i u s , i i 337 .

Bl u me n th a l la k e , i 2 2 8 . Ca mpbe ll, Co lo n e l, ci t 11 2 34 . .

Bo a r le ge n ds , i 1 44 ; ii 369 seq . . . Ca n d a u le s , ii 4 09 .

Bo a r s h e a d fe a s t a t Ox fo r d , i 90, 387 Ca r d a n , c it i i 2 1 0
’
. . .

Bo b ta i le d d r a go n , i 105
-
. Ca r i ca tu r e s o f go d s, i 31 0, 31 1 , 32 1 .

Bo c c a d e lla v e r i ta a t Ro me , i 2 0 1 i i . . Ca r ly le , T , c it ii 1 96 se q . . .

24 5 Ca tha r i , i i 385 .

Bo d o s , th e i 5 3 ,
. Ca to o f U ti c a ,
Bo d r i ma , S i n gha le s e Li li th , 11 99 . Ca ts , le ge n d s o f, i 1 30 se q 1 3 1,
0 . . .

Bo d i n e , i i 2 1 0 .

Bo e h me s th e o r y o f Sa ta n , 11 2 72
’
. Ce le be s , i 2 1 8 .

Bo g, i 1 6 . Ce li ba c y , i i 4 2 4 .

Bo ge y , i 1 6 Ce ls u s , c it 11 30 5, 0 1
. .
4 .

Bo go mi le s , i i 385 Ce n ta u r s , i 390 ; i i 2 89
0

. . .

Bo h e mia n s u pe r s ti ti o n , i 1 1 9 . Ce r be r u s i 1 33, 32 0, 39 1
, .

Bo o k b u r n i n g, ii 2 81 , 2 82 Ce y lo n Ra ks ha si s, 1 1 1 , 2 1 6
5
-
. .

Bo o in , M i ms c w a r r i o r , i 2 67 . Cha ld aaa n fra gme n ts , i i 69, 1 06 seq .

P
.

Bo r gia , Ro d e r i c , o pe Ale x a n de r V I . Cha ld mo Ba by lo n i a n Tr ia d , i 1 09 se q . .

i i 2 55. 333 Cha l 1c e , H i n d u , i 31 .

Br a c o n A s h , Re cto r o f, c i t 11 2 37 . . Cha r le ma gn e , le ge n d s , 11 2 2 8, 395 .

Br a h ma , i 2 4 ; i i 2 3, 2 35 . . Cha r ms , i 4, 2 56, 2 58 s eq ; ii 2 90,

. . .

Br a h ma n Ed e n , i i 77 . 2 91
fr o gs , i i 33 . Cha r y bd i s , i 2 0 1 .

Br a h ma n s , i i 34 seq . . Ch e e p i c h e a l m, D r a go n o f M i ma cs , i .

Br a n , Kn i gh t, i 36 5 . 1 67
Che i r o n , 1 390
’

Br e a th, i 4 06, 4 07, 4 1 1 11 2 34 seq

. . . .

Br i mi r , i 85 Che m, E g p ti a n Pa n ,
.
y
Br i l l to n , Mr , i 34 7 s s Che mo s h, ii 56 .
4 60 I ND E X .

Che n os, d e mo n s o f K i mso I n di a n s, D a n o , e v i l s p1r 1t, I n d ia , 1 2 85

’

i
.

1 s
. D a n te , ii 39 3, 4 30 seq
. .

Che ti ya , the ma r s , 11 373 . Da n u be le ge n d s, i 1 1 5 seq . .

Chi me r a , i 1 54 , 382 seq . . D a pple gr i mm, ii 37 1 .

F
Chi n a , i r e go d , i 72 se q-
. . a r kn ess , 1 2 31 s eq . .

G e n i i o f, i 1 67 . Pr i n c e o f, i 2 40 ; n 1 14 , . . 145
Me r ma i d , i 2 1 6 . D a r tmo o r , sto r y o f, i 2 48 .

Chr is tma s , i 2 3, 2 75 . D a s c n t, c i t ii 2 94
. .

Chu rc hya r d, so u the r n pa r t u se d i 87 . Da syu s , i 1 5 1

.

Ci mme r ia n s , i 1 6o . D a v i d , i i 5 1 , 1 63
.

Ci n i , fir e , i i 409 . D e a th , i 2 69 seq ; 11 2 10
. . .

Ci n d e r e ll a , i 33 . Co bble r a n d , i 2 9 2 .

Ci r c a a s i a n s, d e mo n i c o r igi n o f, i 1 6 1 . c o n q u e r e d by Chr ist ,

an d

Ci r c u mc isi o n , i i 83 seq . . a kle s, i 8 .0

Ci tie s , s u n ke n , i 2 2 8 . da n c e o f, i 2 93 .

Cla v ie , th e , i 81 , 82 , 86 . De i s m, i 1 seq
. .

Cle me n t VI I , o pe , a n d M An ge lo . P . D e i ti e s , ca r i ca tu r e d, i 30 .

ii 428
. D e mo n i c , i 7 se q . .

Cli ma te , e ffe c t o n my tho lo gy , 1 88 . D o ta r d, i 31 1 .

Clo u d pha n to ms , i 374 , 375 . N i ght, i 2 32 se q . .

Clo u gh, A H , c it i i 44 6
. . . . De lla Be lla , sc ie n tific mo n ste r o f, i .

Clo v is , le ge n d o f, ii 62 , 2 2 8 .
33 3
Co ba lt, d e r i v a ti o n , 1 2 33 D e migo d s , i 39
’

.
4 .

Co c ka tr i c e , i 36 1 , 363 se q . . D e mo n i c r ac es, i 1 56 seq . .

Co c kc r o w , i 2 0 ; i i 2 4 1 . . D e mo n o la tr y , seq .

Co c k La n e Gho s t, th e , i 309 . D e mo n o lo gy , ta s k o f, i 38 .

Co lo n i a l D r a go n , i 385 seq . . D e mo n s , Aga th o i 2 4 . .

Co me ts , i 1 77 ; i i 1 1 7
. . o f ba r r e n n e ss , i 1 70 se q . .

Co mmo ti o n , a n ge ls o f, i 1 00 . be qu e st to the ir c o n qu e ro r s , i .

Co mpa c ts w i th the D e v il, i 308 .

3 1 8
Co n fu c i u s , 1 2 4 . c la ss es o f, i 35 .

Co n te s t i n h e a v e n , 11 1 07 seq . . c o ld , i 77 se q . .

Co n v e r si o n , i i 1 94 . D a n u be , i 1 1 5 .

Co n y e r fa mi ly a t So c kb u r n , le gen d , d e c li n e o f, i 2 99 se
;
.

i 3s D e li la h , i 2 5 1 ii 5 . .

Co r be i l, pi c tu re , 11 2 95 . d i s ti n gu i s h e d fr o m d e v i ls, i 36 .

'
Co w s, i 1 2 6 I n dr a s, 4 14
. D r i s a , i 2 35 .

Cr a ft, W n a r r a ti v e o f, i 3
. . E le a n , i 1 56, 1 57 .

Cr a n ac h, Lu cas , d e s ign by , e v o lu ti o n o f, i 2 9 .

Cr a n c h, C P , h is Sa ta n , ii 44 6 li s a ti o n o f, i 31 8 seq
. . .
g e n e r a . .

Cr o o ke d le gs o f d e mo n s , i 98 .
g e n e s is o f, i 7 .

Cu llo o , pm te r n a tu r a l w a te r bi r d , i -
.
g e r m s o f ,
i 1 1 .

1 67 h u n ge r , i 4 1 seq . .

Cu l pe ppe r , a s tr o lo ge r , ci t i 2 53 . . i n k, i i 2 82 .

Cy d o v e s fi 97. m7. 1 64 i n u n d a ti o n , i .

E l Ma gi co Pr o d igi oso , 11 K a ko i 2 4
‘ ’
Cy pr i a n , . .

34 1 se q . lo n g n o se s o f, i 1 96, 1 97 .

Cy pr i a n u s, bo o k o f, 11 2 82 . lu mi n o u s , i 2 1 .

Cy r u s , 1 i . me a n i n g o f w o r d , i 1 4, 1 6 .

me te o r i c , i 2 0 .

B a c o n , i 4 6, 1 10
. n o n d e sc r i pt ,
i 3 9
1 .

D a h u t, le ge n d o f, Br itta n y , i . 228 o bs tr u c ti v e , i 1 90 s eq . .

D a i tya s , e n e mi e s o f the go d s , i 1 6 . r e p r e se n t a ti o n s o f, i 30 .

D a me Bla n c h e , La , N o r ma n d y, i 203 . Rho n e , i 1 1 7 .

D i mo n i s c he ( Go e the ) , 1i 2 74 . Se r bia n , i 2 06 .

Da n c i n g, i 2 50 seq . . Ti d a l, i 1 1 8, 1 1 9 .

D a n i e l, ho rn o f, ii 2 4 7 . Tyr o l, i 1 98 seq . .

D a n i te s , i 390 . w a te r , i 1 1 9 .
 I N DEX .

De mo n s, w i n d , i 88, 89, 99 . Dr a go n , a po ca lyp ti c , 1 1 4 seq , 32 0 . .

D e n i a l, i i 400 . bo b ta i le d , i 1 05
-
.

D e n ma r k , cu sto m i n , 11 389 . Br i tis h , i 386 se q . .

D e str o y i n g a n ge ls , i 2 52 ; 11 58, 2 66 . . br u ta l, i 39 1 , 392 .

D e u c e , th e w o r d , i 1 6 . Ch i n e s e , i 1 05 .

De n a , i 1 6
. Co lo n ia l, i 385 seq . .

De v , i 16 c o mmu n a l, i
.
390 .
,

D e v a , i 1 6, 2 5, 67 seq
. . c o n v e n ti o n a l, i 32 4 , 383 .

D e v a ki , i i 1 74 , 1 75
. c r e s ts w i th, i 366 .

D ev e l, gi psy n a me fo r Go d , i 1 6 . d e r i v a ti o n , i 37 1 .

D e v i l, i i 1 9 7
. d i s ti n gu i s he d fr o m d e mo n a n d
al ta r i n Altma r k , i 2 2 1 , 2 2 2 . d e v i l, i 320 .

’
a pp e a r a n c e o f, ii . 2 70, 2 7 1 D u r e r a , i 381 .

ba r le y a n d i 31 5 , . D ygo r e a n d , i 389 .

Bi ble o f ii 2 83 , . Egy pti a n , i 381 .

br i d ge s i 2 04 205 , .
,
e y e ' o fs i
3 1 373
7 2 °

br i d le d ii 374 , . F
r e n c h, i 379 .

Bri ghto n d y k e o f i , , . 12 2 , 12 3 G r e e k , i 382 .

Bu d s , d i tc h o f, a t, i . 1 14 H a l, a t, i 4 8 .

te r
ca r p e n d , le ge n d , i 31 2 an . I ta li a n , i 380 .

c o mpa c ts w i th , ii 308 . me d i c i n a l, i 370, 371 .

c o mp le x i o n o f, i 1 50 seq . . M i ma cs , i 1 67 .

d i tc h e s a n d d i e s, i 1 1 4 k . myths, i 403 seq . .

d e fi n i ti o n o f, i i 1 seq . . n o t p r i mi ti v e , i 32 1 .

e n tr y i n to w o r ld , i i 8
5 . Sa u r i a n the o r y o f, i 32 0 .

fl o w e r , i i 2 88 . s la y e r s , i 97, 394 s eq ; i i 4 54 . . .

Tu m e r s s L 32 1 3731 374
'
gr a ti tu d e o f, i i 389, 396 .

W a n tle y , i 38 4 1 4 .

Lu the r a n d , i i 196, 1 97 . D r e a ms, i 2 37 .

Lu the r s , i i 2 86 D r u ms , s u pe r s ti ti o n o f, i 1 04, 344

’
. .

M o za mbi q u e , i 1 50 D u tlis m i n n a tu r e , i 6, 1 2 , 305 11

g
. . .

Ra ti s bo n , br i d ge , i 2 05 .
3 5
str i fe , i i 1 35 seq . . D u e r ga r , th e , i 1 63 .

w a te r , i 2 1 2 . D u mme te u fe l, ii 2 94 .

w o r s h i p , i 2 6 seq . . D ur ga a n d Ki li a s E v e an d Lili th ,
D ha r ma , i 6 1 . i i 1 02 .

D h u lka r n e i n le ge n d , Ko r a n , i 1 68 . D u zha k, 11 2 9 .

Di a ble Bo i te u x , i 1 9, 5 8, 9 7, 98; 11 . . D w a r fs, i 1 6 1 , 1 63 .

2 69
Le Bo n , i i 381 se q . . E c mm u , br o o d o f, i 4 0 7 ; 11 32 1 . .

D id r o n , M , ci t i 1 9 ; i i 2 2 9
. . . . E c li pse s i n I n d i a , i 44 .

Di i I n v o ln ti , i 336, 337 . E d d a , cit i 1 0 , 84 , 85 ii 68

. . .

D i o c le ti a n , d a u gh te r o f, i 1 64 . E d d e r s to n le ge n d , i 1 64 .

D i s , d e r i v a ti o n o f, i 35 5 . E d e n , i 1 86 ; i i 86, 88, 89, 64 seq

. . .

D i s e a se , i 2 4 9 se q . . Ed o m, i i 1 64 , 1 72 , 2 62
.

D i s o r d e r , i i 1 1 6, 1 1 7 . E gg o f se r pe n t, i 32 5, 32 7
D i ti , o r i gi n o f, i 1 5 . E gn is c he n , Sa ta n s ma r r i a ge , i 300 .

D i v e s a n d La z a r u s , i 2 81 1 1 394 . . E gyp t, d r a go n s o f, i 381 .

D o d o n a , d o v e o n o a ks o f, ii 2 2 8 . l
p a gu es o f, i 1 77 seq . .

D o g, le ge n d s , i 1 31 seq i i 1 2 7, 2 1 0, . . . s e r pe n t go d d e s s o f, x i 99 .

Sh e i kh s r id e i n , i 1 80, 1 81
’
335 . 37° .

Bo gd o , i i 1 73 . w a r s o f Ra a n d Se t i n , i 1 82 se
q . .

D o mo v o i , R u s s ia n , i 37 . . E is e n a c h , Mys te r y a t, i i 4 2 6 .

D o n n e , D r , o n th e M u s e s, 1 1 2 72
. . E le a n s , d e mo n i c c ha r a c te r o f, i 1 56, .

D o r e s Tr i u mph o f Chr i s tia n i ty, i

’
. I S7
42 0 ; ii . 2 66 . E lbi z, sw a n , i 2 2 3 .

D o v e , le ge n d s , 1 1 . 2 2 6 seq . E lf, i 4 9 ; ii 32 3, 2 1 8
. .

D r a go n , i 2 99 se q . . ii 4 . seq .
, 1 20, 2 02 de r i v a ti o n o f , i 1 94, . 1 98, 2 2 3
 6
4 2 INDEX .

E lf sh o ts , i 104 . Fo r mo s a , i s le s o f th e ge n i i , i 1 67 .

E li d a le w i tc he s , 11 32 2 . F o x le ge n d s , 1 1 2 3, 1 2 4 .

E li , s o n s o f, ii 2 33 . F r a n c o n i a , c u s to m i n , i 4 8 .

E lia s , i 98 se q . . Fr a n k li n , a n e c d o te o f, i 1 07 .

E li h u , i 1 56 . Fr a u le i n , Ho ly , i 2 2
5 .

E li p h a z, i i 1 5 1 , 1 54 . Fr e d e r ic k th e Gr e a t, i n c i d e n t i n life
E lo hi m, i i 4 6 se q , 2 1 0 o f, i 61
. .

3 .

E me rs o n , ci t i 1 9 1 , 1 9 2 , 2 37, 32 7, . . F yj
re
31 1 31 7
a, 1 .
,

i i 2 04 . 4 35. 44 6 . F i d i h f Mi i
r e ii 4 6
r c o sn a, . 2
E u n o i a , i i 2 07 . F i d ly b t l
r en 2 06 o s a c e s, i .
.

E n o c h, Bo o k o f, c it i 1 31 , . . F i k l g d i i 390 4 3
r e sa c ,
e en ,
.
, 0
i i 74. Fi l d lg d f i 1 3
r es an ,
e en o , . 1

E pi ph a n i u s o n fl u te pla ye r s , ii 2 73 -
. F igg i 32 31 1 i i 362 376 q
r a , .
,
°
.
, se .

E r as mu s , c i t i i 2 9 1 . . P d
ro u J A it i i 40 1
e , . . c . .

E r i n y e s , i 8, 4 2 1 1 1 4 02 . . F l it
un era i 53 73 r es , .
,

E r le u r s o r to k, G r e e n la n d d e mo n , i . F i E i y
u r e s, see r n es

83. 1 83 F k gl i S i l ge d i 1 1 7
ur a a c e r, w ss e n , .

E r h k, i 1 9 7 . F i F th ci t ii 1 70
u r n ss , a er, . .

E r l ki n g, 1 2 2 4 , 2 2 6 . F t i i 2 78 2 84
us ,
.
,

E sa u ( E d o m) , i i 1 31 seq , 1 38, 1 39, . .

142 . G a mm a, Afr i ca n s u pe r sti ti o n , i .

E sc u la p i u s, i 370 11 2 78 . . I S7
E tn a , te mp le o f V u lca n 011, i 1 56 . Ga l1le o , 11 34 0 .

E u me n i d e s, i 78 G a mme r Gu r to n s N e e dle , 11 2 9 5
’
. .

E u ph e mi s m, i 8, 2 2 4 , 2 2 5 . Ga r go y le s, 1 32 .

E u s e bi u s , i i 30 5 . Ga r u r a , s to r y o f, 1 1 34 .

E u thy mu s, i 1 56 . Gas t, c o n c e r n in g Fa u s tu s , 11 337 .

Eve, i 224 i i 73 seq , 82 seq , 84, Ga u me , M r , c i t i i 2 1 2 , 2 1 6

. . . .

g . . .

86, 87, 90, 99, 1 0 1 , 1 03, 2 2 5 Ge hc n n a , 1 6 2 , i i 56 . .

E v il, i 6, 1 3 . Ge n i i, i 1 67 .

E v i l e ye , i 372 , 373 11 2 1 7, 334 . . Ge n ti le s , 1i 40 5, 442 .

E x ca li b u r , i 97 . Ge r go n , 1i 4 10 .

E x o r c i sm, i i 2 1 8 . Ghi lgi t fien d , le ge n d , i 396 seq . .

E y s te i n th e Ba d , i 1 37 G ia n ts , i 1 6 1 se
.
q . .

co n v e rt e d , i 2 00 .

Pa mr a x fa mi ly , le ge n d s , i 309, 31 1 . be co me
fa i r i e s , i 2 03 .

Fa i r i e s , i 32 . i mpr i s o n e d , i 1 69 .

Fa mi li a r s , N a p o le o n I , i 75 ; So c . . b
e c o me li ttle pe o p le , 1 31 6 .

rate s, i . 16 mo u n ta i n pa ss, i 2 02 .

F mi n e a n d s u n s po ts , i
a -
. 1 7 1 seq. Ty r o l, i 1 9 8 se q . .

Fa ta l i s m, i 4 2 5 seq . . bb
G i s , e a t, i i 31 3 .

Fa te s , i 4 2 0 se q , 4 2 6
. . G i mli , i 85 .

Fa u s t, i 1 2 0, 1 89, 1 90 ; 1 1 1 98, 305,

. . G ir i , i 1 5 3 .

3 0 43. 3 9. 33 333 3 5 c . 399.

0 2 . . 3 s e G la mo u r , i 2 1 3, 2 44 1 0q , 31 6 . .

4 17 G la n v i l, cit i i 2 1 2 , 32 3 .

F a u s tus , b i o ra
g p y , i 336
h i . Gla u c o ma , 1 2 1 4 .

F e a r , s i r i t o f, i i
p 2 2 9 , 2 38 . kb
G lu c s r u n n mi n e s , i i 2 75 .

F e n r i s , w o lf, i 14 1 , 4 1 3 . G lu tto n y , i 1 4 1 6 s eq . .

F i e n d , the U n i ta r i a n , ci t 11 2 92
’
. . G n o s ti ci s m, i i 2 0 7 .

F i n n s , Mytho lo gy o f, i 88 . C o s t, le ge n d s, i 1 2 2 , 1 2 7 .

F i r o o n e , i i 2 88 . b
G o a n Sa o r , le ge n d , i 308, 309 .

F i r e , fe a s t o f, i 6 1 . b
G o li n , i 50 .

fi e n d , L 64 1 7 1 1 74 1 75 Go ds i n e x 1 le , i 306 .

w o r s h i p , i 65 . i n n e w d r e s s , i 30 7, 308 .

F li n t a rr o w s , d a r ts o f go d s , i 1 04 . r e tu r n i n g to n a tu r e , i
3 7
1 .

F loge l, c i t ii 4 2 6 . . Go e the , c it .

Fl d th i 1 10
o o ,
e , . a n ti pa thy to d o gs , i 1 34 .

Fly i g D u tchm
n an , the , i . 111 Go g a n d Ma go g, i . 1 64 ,
 I ND E X .

Go hl i tz e e , le ge n d , i 2 2 2 . He ll ho u n ds , i 1 39
-
.

Go ld , d e v i l o f, i i 4 1 8 . He n n e ss e y , W d e sign by, 11 4 54 . J .

Go ld e n le ge n d , th e , cit 1 1 2 2 3 . . He p ha i s to s , i 309 .

Go r go n . i 370. .
40 6 . 42 2 He r a , i 30 9 .

Gr a n , Pr o f , c i t i i 2 87 . . . He r a kle s a n d Alce s ti s , i 2 85 s eq , . .

G r e e k Ch u rc h a n d p i ge o n s, i 2 2 7 .
394. i i 1 89 . 4 1 0
G r e go r y , le tte r to Me lli tu s, i 2 3 . H e r be r t, G e o r ge , c it i i 380 . .

P o e a n d d o v e , ii
p 2 2 8 . H e r be r s te i n , ci t i 1 0 1 . .

G r e n d e l a n d his mo the r , i 1 2 0 . He r c u le s , see He r a k le s

G r e tc h e n , i i 2 69 . He r mii d r , i 79 .

G r i mm, ci t i 4 5 . . H o m e th e h u n te r 1 1 36 1 , .

Gr ise ld i u i i 1 5 8 . H e r o d , i i 72 1 58, 1 79 .
,

G u d e ma n s cr o ft, i 54 , 31 5, 31 6 He r o d o tu s , c i t i i 1 02 , 4 1 7 seq , 409,

’
. . . .

G u la , i i 1 1 3
.
44 5
G u y o f W a r w i c k , i 388, 4 1 3, 4 1 6 . H ia w a tha , i 2 83 .

F
H i is i , i n n d e mo n , i 88 .

Hu m a n s, i 74 . Hi ld u r , a W a lky r , i 336 .

Ha c ke lbe r e n d , i i 353 . H i mé, i 39 2 .

Ha c ke l be r g, i i 35 3 . Hi n o K a w a , i 39 2 .

Ha d a d a n d So lo mo n , 11 1 64 . Hi p po c r a te s , i 352 .

Ha d e s , i 60, 76 seq , 82 , 2 32 ; 11 1 1 3,
. . . Hi r p in i , i 1 5 5 .

2 351 403 o a t r i be , the i r d i r ge , i

, 53 .

Ha i r , Li li th s , 11 98 Hiid r s la ys Ba ld u r , i 78
’
. .

Ha k o n , Sa ga , i 1 37 . Ho fma n n , i i 2 86 .

Ha lc y o n , i 1 1 8 . o
g g le en ds, i 1 44 ; f o r m o f a gl u t .

Ha llo w e e n , i 66
’
. to n , i i 40 3 .

Ha ma h , the b i r d , i 2 8 h s Ra r e e Sho w , 11 399’

’
. o ga r t .

Ha n o v e r , r e li c i n , i i 2 2 6 . Ho gma n a y , i 90 .

H a o ma , i 2 6 H o lbe i n s Ape d e v i l, 11 2 84
’
-
. .

Ha r e , le ge n d s , i 1 2 4 , 1 2 5 . Ho ly Gho st, i 74 ; i i 2 2 6 seq , 2 4 6 . . .

Ha r e li p, i i 4 39
-
. Ho ly w a te r , i i 2 1 2 .

Ha r isc h a n d r a , the dr a ma , 11 35 se q , . . Ho me r , c i t i 377 11 402 , 4 2 0 . .

1 5s Ho r se l, i i 377 .

Ha r pa gu s, i i 1 76 Ho rsa , the n a me , 11 370 .

Ha r r y , Old , 11 1 33 . Ho r s e , le ge n d s , i 1 2 6, 1 2 7 ; V a le .

Ha r se n e t, i i 2 9 5, 31 1 . o f w hi t e , i i 370 .

Ha th o r s i 7 ; Se t a n d , i 2 56
, . . Ho r u s, i 1 9, 1 4 8, 1 4 9, 1 84 , 1 85 ; 1 1
. .

Ha tto , Bi s ho a n d r a ts , i 129 . l 1 3. 2 35
Ha v a ma l, i 6, 87 ; i i 356 . . Ho s e a , ci t . 1 1. 14 7
Ha w th o r n e , c it i 359 ; i i 2 31 . . . u be r t Sa i n t ii
, 35 8 h i s le ge n d , 374 , .

H e a , W e ls h, i 78 ; E gy ptia n , i H u e lgo a t, Ar th u r s c a s tle , i i 359

’
. . .

I 09 H u gh d e o n tc ha r d o n , i i 360P .

He a li n g se r pe n t, i 35 1 , 5 52 . H u go , s pe c tr e h u n te r , i 1 35 8 .

He a v e n , i 85, 86 , 31 0 ; ii 6 7, 4 2 4 , 4 30
. . H u ld a , w i tc h , i 2 35 .

He c a te , i 1 39 ; i i 30 1
. . Hu n ge r , d e mo n s o f 4 1 se q 11 4 1 7 , . .

He d ge ho g, i 1 2 2 . H u n ti n gto n , W , ci t i i 1 60 , 1 6 1 . . .

He i fe r , r e d , i 70 . H u o re o , i i 374 .

He i mo , gi a n t, i 2 00 . Hu r , th i r d pe r s o n o f Tr ia d , 11 2 35 .

H e i ms kr mgla , i 1 66 . Hu ss , ii 4 2 5 .

H e i n e , ci t i 2 1 5, 306, 32 7 ; 11 2 87
. . . Hyd r a . i n o , H 3. " 4 . 407. 4 1 3
H e ] , i 78, 82
. a s c u ttle fis h , i 31 0 .

He le n a o f Tr o y , 1 1 309 ; Fa u s ts mis Hy d r o ph o bi a , d e mo n , i 1 36
’
. .

tr e ss , i i 338, 35 1 . Hypp o li te , ii 1 02 .

H e le n a , E mp r es s , i i 2 2 3 .

He l i o s a t My c e n m, i 99 . E bli s ) , th e n a me , i 1 8; o fi ce ,
(o r .

He ll, the w o r d , i 82 ; n o ti o n s o f, 1 1 . . i 4 2 3 h i s fa ll, i i 1 4 3 ; h i s d o o m,

. .

1 1 6, 1 2 8, D a n te a n d i i 2 6 1 ; d i s v i s i o n o f, i i 2 7 1 ;
’
1 44 , 4 2 4 . .

Ar d a Vi r a f, i i 4 2 9 se q . . d e c li n e , ii 392 ; i n e r si a , i i 4 2 4. P .
 6
4 4 I NDEX .

I ce la n d , le ge n ds , &c , i 4 3, 1 65, 1 66 ; . .
4 08 ; n 46 ml 54 . we . 7 1 . 79 x 2.
i i 2 18.

'
h o r s e fl e sh i n , p h h h d u ght
’ ’
-
t a s a e r, 1 4 17 .

J
I c h I JO, a pa n e s e e mpe r o r , Je r e mi a h, i i 2 2 8 .

I d o la tr y , Mo s le m, i 2 9 ; e w is h, 11 . J . Je re m
y o f S t r a s bu r g te m pte d by the
De v i l, i i 366 .

I d u me a n s , 1 73 Je r o me , cit 1 i 2 6
4 . .

I d u n a , i 79 . Je th r o , so r c e r e r , i i
304 .

I ge r n a , ii 398
.

. Je w e ss , a h a u n te d i i 1 9 3 se q
e z e be l i i 8
, . .

I ld a ba o th , i i 1 2 1 , 2 0 7, 2 09, 4 1 5 . J 5 .

I llu s i o n , H i n d u go d d e ss , i 2 10 s eq ; . . Ji ma , i 2 8
3 .

o f d r e a ms, 2 37, 2 4 5 o f Lu th e r ,
°
Ji n n , i 1 07 .

ii 1 96 ; o f w i tc he s , i i 32 6, 34 5
. . Jo a c hi m, Abbo t, o n An ti c h r i s t, 11 .

I m, sky go d , i i 1 09 -
. 2 55
I n c u bi , i i 4 03 . J oa n o fAr c ,
I n d e x E x pu r ga to r i u s, J o b, th e Di v i de r , i 1 4 9 seq ; h i s pla gu e s , . .

I n d ra , i 1 34, . i 2 52 ; c r o o ke d se r p e n t, i 32 2 ; Be he
.
°
.

3 3, 35
2 0 , 4 1 4 i i 66, 6 8, 7 1 °
. mo th o f, i a n d Ha r i sc ha n d r a , .

I n ge s , th e c a t, i i 3 1 3 . ii 4 5 , o n fu tu r e I 1fe , 1 1 1 50 sa lte d
.

I n k d e mo n , i i 2 82 . ss c r 1fice , ii 1 60 ; Agn o sti c is m, 11 . .

I n n sbr u c k , a u s t a t, i i 338 F . 1 55 ; h e r e s i es , 1i 1 57 a s u p po s e d
’

.
°

I n qu i s i ti o n , ii . so r c e r e r , i i 1 58, 304 .

I n te lle ct, 11 Bish o p o n , i i 2 77 . J o hn the Ba p ti s t, i 1 02 .

I n u n d a ti o n s , i 1 08, seq 2 5 7 ; 1 1 74 . . . J P
o hn X V , o pe , i i 2 54 ; o hn XX I I ,
. . J .

I n v is i ble fo e s, i 338 ; r e n d e r i n g, 1i . . i i 334

.

J o n a h, i
4 6, 4 1 0 11 44 2
.
°
.

I o a j o u r n e y, i 385
’
. J o n a tha n Be n U zzi e l, Ta r u m, i 1 00 ;
g .

I o n a , ii 383 .
s
l o n i a , i 385 . J ph t i b
o se 2 47
’
s r e ,
11 .

I r o q u o is , i . J ph c i t i i 2 1 1
o se u s, . .

I r v i n g H a s Lo u is X L, 11 2 0
, . J h i i 1 65
os ua, .

J k h i 1 88
.

I s a o r e s u s, i i 2 36 J . os e a, .

I s a i a h , He b r e w w a r go d i n , 11 1 30 -
. J b n i 73
o ss ur ers, .

I sc hi m, i i 405 . J 6t 45 un n ,
’

1.
I a is i 33 . 352
7 J d i 42 4 ; a s w i
u a s, . te r , i 80, 81 n .

I s h ma e l, i 1 6 1 11 83, 1 34 .
°
.
p o s s e ss i o n , i 4 2 4 ; o n Sa ta n s
’
n e es, . k
I s h ta r i 4 9. 77. 78. 83. 1 06. 1 09 . i i 1 44 , 2 53 h i s d o o m, i i 38
.
°
.

1 1 0, 1 1 9 J u d ge 1n
‘
La s t u dgme n t, 1i 4 2 8se q
’
J . .

l sw a r a , i 2 6 2 . J u ge r n a th i n Or ssa , i i
3 6 3 , 6
3 4 i .

I ssa c , i i 87, 1 32 . J k un e r J ake le , i i 3

55 .

J u pi te r , i the n a me , i 1 7
. .

J 011 th gi t killer i 1 63
11 e an a

, ,
a n d Pro me th e u s , i
37 6 s e q T o n a n a, . .

J k
ac M g t i t h ii 31 3
so n ar are w c i i 1 09 ; ti tle a s s u me d N e ro , i i b
h
. .
, , , .

J b i 2 39 t t g m i i 1 32 q
aco , . s ra a e s, . 1e .
,
Simo n Ma gu s w o r s i ppe d a s ,
1 38 q i i 2 4 5 ; d e fea ts T p ho n , i 4 2 3
se . .

y .

J b d V gi
a co G ld
n s l g d e ora n e, o en e en ,
J ’
u s ti n a , Ca ld e r o n s , i i 344 .

i i 39 2 .

J m St t mpt d 4 1 9
a es, e e ,
'
11. K a c n c n n a n a fe r r y, Ce ylo n , 11 373 .

J mi i i 363
a , . K a gu r a , a p a n e se , i 44 J .

Jp a d m i 44 1 2 3 se q ; Y m
a n e se e o n s, .
,
. e K a le n da r o f She ph e r d s , i 83 .

ma i , . 1 95 ; d r a go n s, 1. 1 12, 39 1 se q . K a li , i 44 ; i i 1 03, 1 04 , 2 40
. .

ii . 2 82 Ka i r y s , i n v o k e d by w o o d c u tte r s i n -

J a r c hi , Ra bb i , on se r pe n t, 11 . 41 1 Be n ga l, i i 364 .

J a so n ,
i i 4 09 . K a n d y, Ce y lo n , d e v i l a t, i i 408 .

J e a lo u s y ,d e v i l o f, i n J a pa n , i i 4 10 ;
. K a n ka to n a , i 358seq -
. .

D a r w i n 011 , i i 4 1 0 ; . of Ev e, ii 4 1 0 ;
. K a n sa , i i 1 74 .

o f N o r ia , i i 4 10 . K a ppa , i 1 1 2 .

J e h o v a h, i 1 1 , 1 87, . 2 89,
‘
K e ha ma , Cu r se o f, So u the y s, 11 36 2
’ ’
.
 INDEX .
4 65

K e lp i e , 1 1 1 2 Lo k i, Ed da ic d e mo n , i 1 0, 1 1 ; th e
’

. .

K e mu n g, d e mo n o f c o ld, i 83 . n a me , i 1 7 ; v o r a c i ty , i 75 d o o m,
. .

K e p h n , H u n ge r d e 1n o n , i 42 -
. i 84. 31 7
.

K e te f, ii 1 1 6
.

Lo n c o n Do c ks , o r tu gu ese sa 1lo rs a t, P
é
.

K e tu , i 1 9, 2 55 ;
. l. I
K e y , s e n se o f, i 1 02 seq Lo r d s Su ppe r , 1 1 2 2 0
’
. . .

K ha n m, P
e r s i a n As mo d e u s, Lo r e le i , i 2 1 5 .

K ha ms e e n , Ca in w i n d, i 1 85 . Lo u i s o f Th u r i n gi a a n d d o v e , i i . 228
K he ti , ii 1 1 3 . Lu c ife r , i 1 7 ; hi s fa ll, i 2 0 ; i i
. . . 1 1 8,
P
K i n g, r o f , ci t 11 1 69, 2 4 5 . . . 30
91 - 2 991 393
K i y o to , gi a n t r a v i sh e s a t, ii 406 . Lu c i u s , 1 1 5 7 .

K la ba u f, i 1 1 1 , 1 1 2 . Lu dl o w Ch u r c h , p i c tu r e o f w ic k e d a le
Kl i n ge r s
’ ‘
a u st, i i
3 4 4 seq F ’
. . w i fe , i i 390 .

K n o w le d ge , Tr e e o f, ii . La ksh mi , go d d e ss o f pr os pe r i ty , i 1 2 0 .

K o bo ld s, i 2 3 . Lu n a r the o lo gy , i 2 4 5 ; in flu e n c e s , .

K o ly a d a s, r i c h a n d po o r , i 90 i
i
. . 2 1
K o ls ki , 1 86 . Lu pe r a li a , i 1 55 .

'
K o n i gsgr a e 1n Sle s v ig, i i 357 Lu s t, i 2 2 0 ; i i 2 64
b
Kr i shn a , i i 1 74 , 2 36, 36 .
. .

Lu th e r , i i c i t 32 , 1 88, 1 96, 24 8, 2 56
. .
.

K u e n Lu n , fa ir i e s, 1 1 s eq , 2 65 , 306
’
. .

K u v e r a , go d o f w e a lth, i 1 53 . Ly ca n th m py , i 1 58 .

Ly c a o n , i 5 5 .

LABOU R! ) Ga se o u s , i 1 8 . Ly c i a n s , c h1 u mr a , i 1 54 .

g
o , i 81 . Ly e s hy , w o o d d e v il , i 1 356 .

00 1 i Ly o n s Ca the d r a l, p i c tu r e i n , 1 1 31 2
3731 374 .

La d y bu g i 31 7
-
. . Ly ttle to n , Lo r d , w a r n i n g o f, ii 2 31 .

La i d le y W o r m, i 367 .

La mbto n W o r m, 1 4 8, 38 , 4 1 1 seq Ma c c a r mn t i 1 7
’

. . .

La me n e s s o f d e mo n s, i 9 . M a c c a r ia , i 55 .

La mia , Lili th o f Vu lga te , 11 99 . Ma d a n a Ya ks e n y o , Si n gha lese fe ma le

La o ko o n , i Te u to n i c , i 360. . l u s t d e v i ls i i 4 05 , .

La r e s, i 1 35 i i 2 92
. . Ma d n e ss , i 2 63, 2 64 .

J
La s t u dgme n t, M An ge lo s , ii 4 2 8
’
. . M a d o n n a , b la c k , i 337 .

La u sa tia n c u s to m, i 81 “ 03 3 3 3 ii 9 1 1 92 1 2 361 3951 1

La w r e n c e , St , sa v e s He n r y I I fr o m . .
4 1 0. 42 6 4 2 9 .

d e v i l, ii 39 1 . M a gd a le n Co l le ge s c u l ptu r e s , i i 4 52 .

La w y e r , D e v i l a s , 1 1 389 . b
M a gd e u r g, n y mph a t, i 1 1 2 .

La za r u s a n d Di v e s , i 2 81 1 1 394 . . M a gi a n d M a g1c 1a n , i i 1 74 seq ; St . . .

Le i c ha u , th u n d e r i s tr i c t,
d -
J
a me s a n d , i i 4 1 4 .

Le pz ig ba ttle o f, i i 355 ; An n a ls o f, Ma go g. i 1 64 . 1 68. 1 69 . 4 2 3

iii 66 , . .

M a hab har a ta , e p is o d e , i 356

.
3 .

Le o X i i 2 56
. . Me hr t, i 2 36 .

Le r n e a n Hy d r s, 1 4 1 3 Ma h u , i i 3 1 1
’

. .

Le to , i 81 . Ma i tr e Be r n a r d , d e v il s n a me , 11 382
’
.

Le v i a th a n , i 4 6, 1 08, 1 09, 408 seq . P

a ts i n , d e v il s n a me , i i
’

382 .

4 7;1 i i 1 00 . Ma l, lu s t d e v i l i n Ce y lo n , i i 4 09 .

Li gh t, c r e a ti o n o f, 11 1 1 4 . M a lle u s Ma le fic o r u m, i i 300 .

L i gh tn mg, i 9 6 s e q . . M a n e s , i 2 63 .

L i li th, i i 9 2 se q , 1 03, 1 1 3, 1 1 9, 1 79,

. . M a n i a , i 2 63 .

0
3 ,1 1
4 1 M a n i to o s , go o d a n d e v i l, i 1 67 .

Li mbo , D a n te s , 11 4 33 Ma n n i n g, Ca r d i n a l, c i t i i 2 5 7
’
. . .

Li o n , le ge n d s , i 1 2 9 s e q . . M a n s fo r e s t, s pe c tr e i n , ii 358 .

Li th u a n ia n s u r v i v a ls , i 31 2 . Ma n u , i 4 9 .

Li v i n gs to n e , cit i 98 . . M a n u ti u s , i i 305 .

Llo y d , W W , ci t 11 402 M a a , i i 1 58, 1 79 seq , 1 83 seq ; Sc a u d ,

. . . .

r . . . .

Loc u sts , i 1 76, 1 81 .

37 1
1a

Lo sLi 75 M a r b u e l, i i 2 99
P
.

Lo k a ha yu , 1 99 . Ma r i a , i 1 08 .

V OL I I . .
4 6 6 I ND E X .

M a r kn o f Mi sn ia , h is d e a th, 11 4 2 7 . M i r r o r u se d aga i n s tde v il, 11 44 8 .

Ma r lo w e s Fa u st, i i 338 seq Mi r u , h u n ge r d e mo n , i 4 1 se q

’ ’
-
. . . .

'
Ma r r i a ge , Me phi s to o ppo se s , Mi s e r s go ld i i 4 1 3 , .

i i 338
. M is le ad e r a, i 2 1 3 .

Ma r s , w a r go d, 1 2 75 pla n e t, i n fl u
-
.
°
M i s tle to e , i 5 .

e n c e o f, ii . 13
5 Mi thr a s, i 2 5 1 .

Ma r s h d e in o n s, i 2 03 se q . . Mo d o , i i 31 1 .

Ma r te l, Cha r le s, i n h e ll, i i 39 2 . M o h a mme d , a s to n e d e i ty, i 2 4, 42 3 ; .

Ma r ti n e a u , Ha i r i e t, ci t i 2 1 1 . . ii . i i 2 2 8, 2 4 8, 2 50 ; Fa u s t a s , i i 338
. .

227 M o ha n e e , Si n gha le s e d e v i l, ii 409 .

M a r ti n , St , i 31 0 ; 11 373 . . . Mo i r a fa te , i 4 2 0 seq
,
. .

M a r u ts , i 6 . Mo l o c h , i 5 5 , 6 1 , .

M a r y , see M a d o n n a Mo n k , Me p hi s to a s, i i 337 .

M a s te r s mi ths , i 309
-
. M o n kish glu tto n y, 1i 4 1 7 .

M a te e r , i ci t 44 , 300
. . M o n s te r s i 340 , .

M a tte r , ci t i i 1 69 . . M o o d y , Mr c i t i i 2 2 7 . .

M a u i a n d Ma u ike , i 75 . Mo o n , i i i 2 351 2 4 51 369

° °

Ma w me t, ii 2 50 . Mo r mo n s , i 2 2 5 .

Ma x i mi lla , i i 2 4 6 . M o r v i d u s , d r a go n s la ye r , i 368 -
.

Ma y , i 2 1 8; q u e e n , 11 378
. . M o se s , i i 2 35 .

Ma y a , illu s i o n , i 2 00, 2 1 1 seq . . Mo u n ta i n e e r s i 1 94, 1 9 5 , .

Me a s u r e fo r M e a s u r e , i 83 Mo u n ta i n s ho ly a n d u n ho ly, i 1 9 3
’
. .
,

Mo d e s , i i 1 31 , 4 09. seq ; d e mo n s o f, 1 9 7, 1 98 ; i i
. 245 .

Me d i e av a l d e a th be d, pi c tu r e , 11 394 -
. Mo u se , le ge n d s i 1 2 8, 1 2 9 ,
.

Me d i c i n a l d r a go n s , i 370 . Mo zo o md a r , ci t i 10 . .

M e d u sa , i 386, 4 06 . M ii lle r , J u li u s , ci t i 1 5 1 1 9 . . .

M e gw r a , Lu the r n u r sed by , 1 1 2 56 . M ii lle r F Ma x , ci t i 1 5 ; 11 2 94

, . . . .

e li te , a sp, 34 3 i . M u r d e r , i i 42 5 .

s in si n a , i 67 My i a gr us d e n s , i 10
3
. .

e n de s, i 1 8 . My i o d e s , i 1 0 .

Me ph is to phe le s , i 1 99 ; 11 332 seq , My ste r i e s, a n c i e n t, 11 6 8

3
. . . .

2 99 . 34° se q. 383. 399 . 4 1 6. 4 1 7 My th, me a n i n g o f, i 2 .

M e r c u r y , pla n e t, i 1 9, 60 .

M e r li n , i 369 ; ii 397 se q
. . . N a a w m, 11 1 52 , 4 1 6 .

M e r ma id , Ch i n e se , i 2 1 6 . N a c ha s h be r i a c h , i 344 -
.

M e r ma n , i 2 2 5, 2 2 6 . N a c hze h e r , i 5 2 .

M e sc h ia a n d Me s c hia n e , e rs i a n Ad a m P N a glo k, Hi n d u h e ll, i 1 5 1 .

a n d E v e , i i 1 00, 10 1 . N a ma q u a s u p e r s ti tio n , i 98 .

Me ss i a s , i i 1 87, 1 35 . J
N a pi e r , a me s , ci t i i 2 1 7 . .

Me ta ph r a s tu s, Ac ta , 1 1 34 1 . N a s tr o n d , i 85 .

M e ta phys i c s, i 4 2 8; i i 34 7 . . N a ti o n a l c ha r a c te r is ti cs, i 1 60 .

M e te o r s , i i 1 1 7 . N a tu r e a n d Ar t, i 2 09 ; tr e a c h e r i e s .

M e x ic o , u das in , i J 81 se r pe n t . o f, i 2 1 2 seq . mo n ste r s i n , i 340 ; . .

d e v i ls, ii 4 37 . d u a li s m o f, i 30 5 ; go d s r e tu r n i n g .

M ic ha e l, a r c h a n ge l 11 1 4 2 , 375 , . to , i 31 7 d e i ti e s , ii 9 2 , 402
. .

Mi c he le t, ci t i i 2 1 9, 2 33 . . N e bo , i 1 10 .

M i d n i gh t br oo d , i 2 4 1 . N e me s i s, i i 1 68 .

M i ka d o sa i n t, i 39 1 seq . . N e pa u l i c o n o c la s t, i 304 .

M i lka h, i i 1 5 6 . N e r o , i i 2 44 , 4 2 3 .

M i lle r , Hu gh, Mo r i e l s d e n 1 20 N i be lu n ge n li e d , i 86
’ .

Me ggi e , 9 2 N ic k, Old , i 1 1 1 seq ; o f the w o o ds , . .

M i lto n , hi s Sa ta n , 11 1 2 6, 1 9 1 , 393 ; . i 1 12 .

wo ma n , ii 4 09 . N i c k e l, d e r i v a ti o n o f, i 2 34 .

M i ma cs , le ge n d s , 1. N i c ki e Be n , Bu r n s to , ii 382 .

M i n e r v a , ii 2 4 5 . N i d a , i 85 .

M i r a c le P
la y s 11 , . 2 95 se q N i ghtj iige r , 1 1 353] .

3 8 8 N ightma r e , i 2 36 .

M1r a ge , i . 1 85 N i mro d , ii 1 76, 364 .

N 1n k1 ga l, qu e e n o f Ha d e s, 1 77, 2 87
- -
. P and o r a , 11 89 .

N i x a , Ba lti c , i 1 1 2 , 1 1 3 . Pa n d u kha ba yo , pr i n c e i n Ce y lo n , 11.

N i x y , 1 1 1 0, 1 1 3
’

.
37 l
N iza mi , c i t i i 2 34 . . P a n th e i s m,
p r i mi ti v e , i
5 .

N o a h , i 82 , 1 09, 1 1 0,
. 86 ; P a r a c e ls u s, 1 i .

le ge n ds o f, i 1 4 1 2 se
q . . P a r a d is e , i
37 6 ; i i 7 7 seq . . .

o b le me n , d e v i l a n d , i i
390 .
‘
P a r a d i se Lo s t, c i t i 8
3
’
. .

N o r a i ta ( o r N o r i a ) , N o a h s w i fe , 11
’
. P a r i e s , s n a k e c a lle d
, i 34 3 .

P j y
ar an 1 00 a, 1 .

N o r s e me n , n a ti v e w e a p o n s , i 4 5 ; . P k ar Th d er, d t f i 11 eo o re , a n e c o e o , .

i d e a l, i
394 . P i 64
as s o v e r , .

N o r th , r e gi o n o f d e mo n s , 1 83 seq . . P t M ci t 2 67
a er, r .
, . 11.
o f d e v i ls , i i 1 15 . P t ii i i 2 90
a r , .

N 6tr e D a me a t a r i s , d e v i l o n , 11 P . P l th p tl ci t
au 2 1 3 24 1
e a os e, . 11. , ,

2 5 2 , i n c id e n t a t d o o r o f, i i 4 54 . 243 & . c.
N o u a h , i 1 09 . P l IV P p d M A g l
au .
, o e , or ers . n e o s
’

N o v go r o d , s u r v i v a l a t, i 1 0 1 . fig t b d p d ii 42 8
u res o e ra e , .

u , Egy p ti a n s e r e n t o d d e ss ,
p g P li i
au i i 385
c a n s, .

u d i ty i 2 2 0 ; d i sa ppr o v e d by M e
, . Pa v a n a , I n d i a n me ss e n ge r o f the go d s,
p h i s to p h e le s, i i 44 5 . i 120.

N y a n g d e v il w o r s hi p, i 2 6 -
. P e a c e d a le , Rh o d a I v a mp y r e , i 5 2 .

Pe a c o c k , i 2 7 ; i i 2 6 1 . .

Oa mms , i 4 6 . P e c u li a r p e o p le i n Lo n d o n , i 2 50 .

Obj e c t o r i gi n s , i 32 1
-
. P e lsa ll, s u r v i v a l a t, i 4 6 .

Obs ta c le s, i 1 90 se q fr i e n d ly, . . Pe n a te s , i i 2 92 .

Od i n , i 1 0, . 1 62 c hu r c h
°
Pe n d r a go n ,
bu i lt by, i i 358, 369 . P e n n a n t, c i t i 47 . .

Oe gir , ha ll o f i 1 1 , 84 . l e n ta me r o n e , s to r y i n , 11 374
’
.

Ogr e s , i 5 1 ; th e w o r d , i 1 33 ; 11 4 05
. . . Pe n te c o s t, i 64 ; ii 2 30, 2 36, 39 7 . .

Oh io , c o lle ge mo tto i n , i 1 . Pe n z a n c e Co mmo n , d e mo n r id e r s o n ,

Ola f, Sa i n t, ii 367 . ii 36 1 .

Ome n s , 1 90, 1 1 9, 1 2 4, 1 31 , 1 34 , 1 38; Pe r a , r o c k o r d e a l a t, i 2 0 1

’

. .

i i 370
. P e r c i v a l, i i 39 8 .

On i o n , i 5 . Pe r ku n , le ge n d o f, i 31 2 .

Op hi o mo r p hu s , 11 2 08, 402 . Pe r ku h n s te i n e , th u n d e r bo lts ca lle d , i .

Op h i o n , i i 4 0 2 . 1 02
Oph i s, th e w o r d , i 34 5 ; the d e mo n , . P ph i 355 ;
e r se 22 1 on e, . 11 .

i i 2 08
. P i pi t
e rs a n f h ll i i 4 24 c ure o e , .

Oph i te s , 11 2 08 . P i 1 00 1 0 1 i i 356
e ru n , .
,
°
.

O ph i n c u s , i i 4 0 1 . P i m t i g d i 1 98
eru v an oun a n o , .

Opp o s i ti o n a n d o p po n e n t, 11 1 31 , . P t d Ch i t i i 2 4 1
e er an r s , .

39° P h h i 1 1 9 i i 1 82
arao , . .

Or a i n , a u n i v e rs a li s t, 11 383 . Pln lo , ci t i i 44 4 . .

Or c u s , i 306 ; i i 370 . . t n ix , i 27 .

Or d e a ls , D a h o me y a n , i 3 ; r o c k , i . Pi ca r d , o h n , 11 2 2 5 J .

P
.

2 0 1 ; w i tc h , i i 31 7 . i e d p i p e r o f Ha me li n , i 1 2 9 11 . .

Or ige n , c i t i i 2 2 0, 305 , 32 5, 383 . .

355 3 7
1 6
Or mu zd , 1 2 5 , 36, 369 ; i i 2 1 , 2 6 . . P i ge o n , i 74 , 75, 2 1 9 ; 1 1 2 2 7, 2 30
. .

se a . 2 35. 4 52 P i lpa y , ii 4 00 .

Or th r o s , gu a r d o f Or c u s, i . Pi n d a r , ci t i 1 8 . .

I S9 Pi u s I X e v i l e y e o f, 1 1 334
i
. .

Os i r i s , i 34.
3 ; Pi x y , i n , 1 67 .

’
Oth e llo i n Ca li fo r n i a , i i 42 7 . P la to , v i s i o n o f E r , 11 4 2 2 , 4 2 3 .

Otto I o f Altma r k , i i 374

. . P li n y , ci t i 60 . .

Ox fo r d , o ld sc u lptd r e s a t, ii 4 52 . Plo tmu s , c i t i 35 . .

Plu to , i i 2 99 .

Pa m n r o x s or Pa l n h u n te r , P n e u ma , i i 207 .

Pa n , i 1 88
. Po s ts o n v i c e a n d e v i l, 11 446 seq . .
4 6 8 INDEX .

Po li te s, I ta lia n d e mo n , i 1 56 . Re pha i m, 11 74 .

Po n ti fe x , o r i gi n o f, i 2 04 . P
Re zo n , r i n c e , 11 1 64 .

Po n tu s , Gre e ks o f, th e o r y o f Sc y Rho n e le ge n d , i 1 1 7 .

th i a n s , i i 4 06 . Ri c ha r d I , h i s to r y , 1i 2 52
. .

P p dpg
o e an 191 a an ,
11 . Ri e s e n a lta i a n d R i e s e n ii u le , 11 355
°
.

P k ti g i i 369 44 2
or -
ea n , .
,
Big V e d a . a t i 93. 49 7. &4 . .

P th
o r C T g gl
cu r n o w l o v e, re ea e s
’
a Ri p he u s a n d D a n te , i i 4 33 .

b i i 36 1
o u r s, . Riv e r D e mo n s , 1
2 03 se q . .

P id i i 2 35 402
o se on , .
,
Ro b be r K n i gh ts , i i 365 .

P y f th D i l Aq i
ra er or i i 384 e ev ,
u n as
’

, . Ro bi n Ho o d , i i 1 40 .

P d ig d i i 2 4 8
re er or e rs, . Roc ks , i 2 0 1 , 2 02
.

P M
re -
h it
un c ld i 384 385 a u se n e w or , .
, Ro c ky p a sse s , mo n ste rs o f, i 20 1 .

P t ( Si m) d m i 44
re a s a e o n s, . Ro d e n s te i n , i i 35 5 .

P id f Li f D il N ot D m
r e o - -
e ev on re a e, Ro k h , i 2 8.

P i i i 2 52
a r s, . Ro la n d a t Ro n c e s v a lle s , 11 367 .

Pir n ce o f D k i 2 40 ar n es s, . Ros e , M o the r , i 33 ; i i 375 . .

f th i ld ii 1 78 q 383
‘

o s w or , . se .
, Ro s ko fl , c i t i i 32 9 seq . . .

P i ill i i 2 4 6
r sc a, . Ro w a n , i 1 2 6 .

P di
ro ii 2 2 4
c us, . Ru d r a , i 350 .

P l g t F t 399
ro o ue o a us ,
1 1. Hy mn to , i 93 se q . .

P m th
ro i 59 376 377 385
e e us, .
, , , , Ru e , i i 32 4
.

4 1 8 4 2 1 4 2 2 ; i i 380
, , . Ru m Ba had u r o f N e pa u l, i 304 .

P t
r os e c u o r s ,i i 1 59 . P
Ru pe r t, r i n c e , a n d hi s d o g ii 1 2 7
,
.

P i t i m i i 2 74
ur an s , . Ru sa lka s , N i x i e s o f Ru ss ia , i 1 1 9 .

P p Si gh l l t d i l 4 09
us a, n a ese us ev ,
11 . R u sk i n , cit i 1 9 2 , 4 03, 404
. .

Py th g tha y i 1 59
orea n eor ,
. Ru ss i a , me d i w v a l d e s 1gn s i n , i 2 81 .
,

Py th i 80 on , . i i 1 44 . 2 2 8. 2 53.

4 38
Q u a s ar M a r s P lt p i t a f m ’
sa er, c u re s ro Ru tti , Si n gh a le se lu s t d e v il, i i 4 09 -
.

ii . 2 71, 30 1

Q u 1c h u a s , Vi r a c v c ha , go d o f, i . 1 07 Se a 11 1 1 3 .

Qu i to , i . 1 98 Sa bba th, w i tc he s , 11 2 5 3 .

Sa bba ta r i a n i s m, i i 2 75 .

RA an d Me n de s, i . 188 Sa c r i fic e s , i 55 .

R11 a n d Se t, w a r s o f, i n E gyp t, i 1 82 Sa d i , ci t i i 2 36, 2 7 1 , 4 2 3

Sa i n ts —Aga tha , i 74
. . .

se q. .

Ra , the su n , i . 2 56 An d r e w ,
Ra c he l, i i 85 . An th o n y, i i 28 9, 4 8
1 .

Re d ho t, K i n g, 1 1 2 75 . Aqu i n a s , i i 386 .

Ra gn a r , i 4 1 4 . A u gu sti n , i i 397 .

Ra gn a r o k , i i 2 40 . Au gu s ti n e , ci t i 1 54 . .

Ra ha b, ii 4 1 6 . Be n e d 1c t, i i 2 68 .

Ra h u , i 4 6, 32 2 ; 11 1 1 6. . Co lu mba , i 1 6 5 .

Ra i n bo w , ca lle d s e r pe n t, i 354 , 35 5 . D u n s ta n , l i 2 30 .

Ra ks ha s i s , i 1 5 1 , 2 1 6 . 2 68 385 ,

Ra sh o ga te , D e v i l o f, i n a p a n , i i 406 J . Ga llu s , i 1 4 8 .

Ra t le ge n d s , i 1 2 8, 1 2 9 , 1 4 5 . Ga tie n , i i 39 7 .

Ra tis bo n br i d ge , le ge n d , i 2 05 . Ge o r ge , i 4 03 se q . .

Ra u m, i 74 . Ge r a r d , i 1 1 4 .

Ra v a n a , Ra j a h, 1 1 2 2 .
— Go d r i c , i .

Ra v e n , i 7 5 ; i i 2 99, 32 1 , 333, 368

. . G u thla c ,
Re be k a h, i i 84 , 85 . J a me s , 1 i 4 1 9 .

Re c ha lmu s, A b bo t, c i t 1 1 2 96 . . La w r e n c e , i i 39 1 .

Re c u r r e n ce , p he n o me n a o f, i 4 06 . Ma r ga re t, i 4 03 .

403
11 . Ma r t1n , i 31 0 .

Re s ts , a le w i fe ca r r i e d -
o f, 11 . 390 M i c ha e l, i 4 03 .

Re i c he ls he i m, i i 355 . M i k a d o s , o f th e , 1 39 1 seq . .

Re n a i s sa n ce , i i 2 78 . Ni c ho la s, i .
 s —Ola f,
Sa i n t 11 . 367 Scylla an dCha r y bdis , i 2 0 1 , . 2 02 ,
8 4 70 f T h i n i a , i 2 02

8
o u r g .

P ti k a r c , i .
3 9; Sc ythia n s , d e mo n i c o r i gi n o f, i . 1 61
Pt e ro x , 1
4 4 i i 4 10
.

P hi l p i 1 , .
74 Se a , ii 1 1 7
.

Se r gi u s , i 1 4 7 . d r a go n s , i 1 09 .

The o p h i l u s i 1 32 9 . .
p h a n to m s ,
i 2 2 7 .

V i n c e n t, i i 2 1 7 . Se a ls , ii 1 69, 335
.

W a lpu r ga , 1i 376 . Se a ls ki n ma 1d e n s, i 2 1 9 .

Wo lfr a m, i i 2 75, 307 . Se a n ce i n

’
a u s t, i 309F .

Se a s o n s , ba ttle o f th e , i 89
’
Sa i n tV i tn s d a n c e , i 2 5 1 . .

Ss i s , te mp le o f I s i s a t, i 337 . Se c o n d s i gh t, i 1 63, 2 4 1 , 2 4 2
-
.

Sa ky a M u n i , i i 1 79 s eq , 1 84 . . Se i r , mo u n ta i n s o f, i i 1 1 8 .

P
Sa li s bu r y la i n , le ge n d o f, i 370 . Se lbo r n e , W hi te s H i s to r y o f,
’
ci t . i .

Sa lt, i 65 i i 1 50, 2 1 7, 2 9 7
. . s7
Sa lz bu r g, Bi s h o p o f, i i 4 1 7 . Se ph i r o th, 11 31 , 2 54 .

Sa ma e l, i i 1 1 4, Se r a pe s , i 338 ; i i 2 90
’ ‘

. 1 35, 1 4 2 , . .

2 62 , 36 1 Se r a p hi m. i 32 2 . 32 3. 339 .

Sa mi s , i i 2 35 . Se r bi a n d e mo n , i 2 06 .

Sa n d , G e o r ge , s to 1 y by i 2 07 -
. Se r pe n t, i 32 5 seq , 4 1 8 ; 11 1 67
. . .

Sa n gr ea l, i 1 398 . Aby ss i n i a n w o r s hi p, i 34 3 .

Sa n n u H u t u z, i 32 1
- -
. a n ti d o te fo r b i te o f, i n l n d i a i
, .

Sa n ta c la u s , i 1 1 1 , 1 1 2 .
349 “ Q
Sa r a , i i 81 se q , 87, 4 02 o f th e Ar k, 11 2 8
. .
3 .

Sa r a n y u , i 8, 2 0 ; ii 2 83 . . br a ze n , i i 1 34 .

Sa ta n , i 42 3, 4 2 4 ; ii
. 1 2 8, . c ha r a c t e r i s ti cs o f, i 32 1 .

1 4 3. 1 59. 1 64 mu 1 85. I 93» Cha r le ma gn e a n d , i i 396 .

2 4 1 . 2 4 2 . 2 4 6. 2 99 . 39 s e a r li e st, i
32 2 .

Sa ta n , Ad a m s c o n tr a c t w i th,
’
0811 o f. i
3 5 3 7
2 .
2
2 15 Gr e e k w o r d fo r , d e r iv a ti o n , i .

a u r e o le d , i . 19 34 5
Ce ls u s o n , 11 40 1 . he a li n g a r t e mble m, i 35 1 , 352 .

I n d ia , i 34 8
’
Cbr i s ts id e a o f, i i 2 4 1
.

. .

d o o m, i i . le ge n d s , i 1 4 7, 1 4 8 .

He i n e s po r tr a i t o f, 11 2 87
’
. me a n i n g, i 34 1 .

J '
e w s i d e a o f, ii 1 63 . Me li te , i 34 3 .

J o b a n d , i 2 55 . P
e r si a n , i 25 .

M i lto n s , i i 1 2 6
’
r a i n bo w c a lle d , i
.
354, 355 .

M o ha mme d a n d , i 1 8 r o ma n c e , i
.
359 .

mo o n d e v o u r e r , i 48 -
. s py . i 34 5 .

th e o r i e s o f, i 353 se q . .

tr a n s fo r ma ti o n s , i 339 .

s u pp o s e d po r tra i t o f, 11. 1 68 tr e a d i n g o n , i 34 6 .

’
Sa tu r n , i 1 9. 5 51 9, 2 5 3: 2 54 V i s hn u s , i 2 4
5
.

Sa tyr s , i 1 9 i i 2 . . w o r s h i p o f, i 1 3, 32 8 .

Ba u e r , the d o g, i 1 37 . Se r v e tu s , i i 42 0 .

Sa u r o ma ta o f H e r o d o tu s , 11 1 02 . Se t a n d Rs , w a r s o f, i n E gyp t, i . 1 82
Sa v a ge s, a x i o ms a mo n g, i 396 . s eq.

Sc a n d r a , i i 2 3 . Se t, Se th, i . 1 82 seq .
, 2 56 ; i i 87, 2 08,
.

Sc a p e go a t, i i 1 31 , 1 69, 1 87 . 2 2 3? 2 35, 2 79
Sca r a bw u s , 1i 5 . Se tn a u , ta le o f, E gy p ti a n , i 4 1 3 .

Sc e le s ta t, De , D e v i l s n a me , 11 382
'
. Se v e n s pi r i ts , i i 2 2 9 .

Sc h e i be l, cit i i 332 . . Se x i n h e a v e n , i i 386 .

So be m ha mmph o r a s c h, 1 1 304
-
. Sha d o w s, i 2 31 seq . .

Sc h n e lle r t, w i ld j age r a t, i i 355

. . Sha k e r s , i i 4 05 .

Sh e i k h s r i d e i n E gyp t, i 1 80 , 1 81
'
Sc hw a r z, i i 333 . .

Sc i e n c e n o t d u a li sti c , i 1 2 . Sh e i ta n i n Co n s ta n ti n o ple , i 4 8 .

Sc o tt, Mi cha e l, le ge n d s o f, i 1 1 8 . She kin a h, i i 54, 5 5 .

470 I NDEX .

She lle y, ii 2 81 . Spe n c e r , He r be r t, c i t .

Sha mmo u Ke sse m a n d Kha msee n , 1 Sphi n x , 1 1 74, 1 81

’ ’

-
. .

1 85 p i e ss p u b li s h e s a u s t l e
ge n d ,
F ’
11 .
Sh i i c hs , me n o f pe a c e i n Sc o tla n d , i
'
.
337
2 2 9, 2 30 Spi n e llo o f Ar e zzo , 11 2 7 1 .

Shi pw r ights pla y, i i 4 1 4

’
. Spi n o za , ci t i i 1 4 8, d ia bo li se d, 11 34 9,
. . .

Shi r i ba d a tt, K i n g, le ge n d o f, 1 40 1
’

4 2 5 o n th e d e v i l, i i 4 39
°
. .

Sh u d o u d o s i , a pa n ese d e mo n , J Spi r i tu a lis m, i 52 ; i i 30 7, 331 . .

le ge n d o f, i i 406, 407 ra o s ha , 1i 2 63, 2 64

’

. .

Shy lo c k, i i 1 38 . Str a u ss , cit i i 1 86 . .

Sie gfr i e d , p o e m o f, c it i . . Str a w M u j i k o f Ru ss i a , i 81 .

Si me o n , Re v M , ci t i i 2 1 5 . . . . Stre a tha m Chu rc h , r a n kli n at,

i F .

S i mo n Ma u s , ii 2 37, 2 4 5, 2 5 5 1 07
g .

Si mo o m, i i 2 34 . . Ste u be l a n d W i r be l in th e D a n u be , i .

S i n , 1 2 35
. 1 1 5, 1 1 6
Si n d r i , i 85
. Su cc u ba , ii 403 .

Si n gha le s e d e mo n o lo gy, i 355 . S n F u h, n ec r o ma n c e r , i 1 67 .

Ra ksha s i s , i 2 1 6 Su i c id e , 1 2 2 9
’

. .

Si n i str a ti , ci t i i 306 ; h is bo o k o n. . Su n ke n c i ti e s a n d tr e asu re s i 2 2 8 , .

D e mo n i a li te , 384, 385 Sa me po ta a n d fa mi n e , i 1 7 1 se q . .

J
Si r e n , a pa n e se , i 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 . n u w o r s hi p, i 1 73
-
.

Sir i u s i i 2 80 . v a ld i fa r i , i i 37 1
,
.

Si v a , i 1 7, 96, 9 7, 1 50, 1 5 1 ; 11 2 3,
. . Sv e d gi r , i 1 62 , 2 56
.

2 2 8, 2 35, 369 v ia t e v i t, i 9 7 .

Skr a tti , Old Sc r a tch , i 86 . w a my , Si r M C , 11 35 seq . . . .

Sla n d e r e r s , 1 i 1 6o . w a n le ge n d s, i 1 1 3, 1 1 9, se q , . .

Sle e p, 2 35
Sle e pe r s , m thi c a l, Slee pi n g Sw e d e n bo r g, c it i 2 1 1 ; h is v i s i o n s
y . .

Bea u ty , i i 375 . i i 4 2 7 seq ; E me r so n o n , ii

. . .

’
Sle i pn i r , Od i n s ho r se , i i 37 1 . he ll o f, i i 4 36 .

Sle s w i g, K i n g Abe l a t, i i 35 7 . Sw e d e n , w i tc hc r a ft 111 , i 31 7 .

Sli ppe r s , y e llo w , o f w i tc hes , i 2 1 5 . Sy r ia n s , i i 1 4 8 .

Smi th, the ma s te r , i 309 .

Sn a ke s , c hi ld r e n a n d , i 364 , 365 . TAOI TU S, c it 1 1 370 . .

mi lk a n d , i 365 Ta i s ha n mo u n ta in , i 1 9
.
7 .

P a r ie s , i 34 3 . Ta lma ge , Re v D r , ci t ii 2 1 6 . . . .

P a r a d is e a n d the , i 376 . Ta n n ha u se r , 1 i i 320 . .

P
Sa i n t a tr ic k a n d the , i 389 . Ta n n i n i n Old Te s ta me n t, i 32 2 .

So c i n u s , i i 34 0 . Ta o u s, pe a c o c k s y mbo l , i 2 7 .

So c kb u r n w o r m, i 388 . Ta r gu m, c it i 1 00 ; i i . . .

So c r a te s , i i 4 2 7 . Ta r ta r s u pe r s ti ti o n , i 1 04 .

So lo mo n , i 1 2 0, 1 86 1 87 1 1 1 63, 1 64 ,
’
.
, . Ta r ti n i , his D e v i l s s o n a ta , i i 2 73 .

2 2 3, 2 78, 304 , 4 1 5 Tc ho r n i bo g, i 1 54 ; i i 2 5 3 . .

So ls ti c e , i 6 5 . Te d w o r th gho s t, i i 309 .

So me r v i lle w o r m, le ge n d, 1 389 . Te mpta ti o n , i i 1 78 se q . .

So ph i a , i i 20 7 . Te n j o , mo u n ta i n d e mo n o f a pa n , i J .

So phi a Ac h e mo th, i i 2 07 . 1 9 5 se q.
So r a c te , i 1 55 . Te n n ys o n , ci t 11 1 02 . .

So r a n u s , i 1 5 5 . Te r a h b r i n gs Abr a ha m b e fo r e N i m
r o d, i i
So r c e r y , i 30 7 ; 1 1 300, 334
. .
365
.

So s i o c h , p r o p he t, i i 2 9 . Te r a phi m, i .

Sos i po li s , 339 Te r ma go l, gia n t, i 1 64 .

So u te r F
e ll, Cu mbe r la n d, s pe ctr e s , Te r tu llia n , ci t i 82 i i 2 44 , 34 1 . .
°
.

2 4 2 se q . Te tze l a n d Lu th e r , i i 32 .

Te u fe lse e , d e mo n , i 2 2 1 , 2 2 2
’

Sp a gn o le tt0, 1 1 9 1 . .

Spa n i sh n e gr o ma d o n n a , i 337 . Th e be s , p i c tu r e , i i 403 .

Sp e c tr e s , mo u n ta i n , i 2 4 2 seq Th e o ph il u s, St , i i 395
O

. . . .

Spe lls , i i 2 9 1 , 31 9
. Thes pes i u s v i si ts Ha d e s , 11 42 3 .
 I NDEX .
4 7!

Thi be t, he ll i n , i 83 . Un me r c i fu ln ess , 11 2 54 .

Th o kk , i 78, 2 32 . Un re s t, s pi r i t o f, i i 1 1 8, .

Th o r , i 59 1 00, 2 33 9 31 7
. » U r i m a n d Th u mmi m, i i 54 .

U r s e l, ii 379 .

Thu gs , i 1 5 1 . U r se lbe r g, ii 379 .

Thu mmi m, i 54 . U rs u la , i i 379 .

Th u n d e r , d u ke , i 1 04 . U r u , M o o n go d , i1 1 06 -
.

le ge n d s , i 1 00 ; bo lts , i 1 0 1 . . P
U th e r e n d ra go n , n 398 .

Thu r ga u c u s to m, i 31 6 . Us , 1i 1 49
.

Th u r i n gia n Sc y lla , i 2 02 .

Ti a ma t, i i 1 06, 1 1 0 . V a n , i i 371 .

Tid a l de mo n s , i 1 1 8, 1 1 9 V a lha lla , i 2 2 9 ; 11 2 1 , 369

.
3 . .

Ti ta n s, i 6 , 74 ; i i 40 1
. . Va lky r s o r W a lkyr s, 1i 1 0 1 , 31 8 .

Ti tu ba , Sa le m w i tc h , i i 31 4 Va mpi r e s . i 4 9. 5 1 . 52 . 2 4 . 2 4 5
.

4.

Titu s o n d e mo n s, i i 2 1 1 . Va n la n d , s to r y o f, i 2 35 ; ii 37 1 . .

Ti w , i 1 6
. Va n a la n d i , i 1 62 .

To bi t, i i 2 65, 32 5
. Va r u n a , 1 4, 356 .

To phe t, i 6 2 ; i i 2 35 . . h y mn to , i 300 .

To r c he s , fe a s t o f, i 9 1 , 395 seq . . Va s i s h tha , 1i 32 se q . .

To r r e n ts , d e mo n s o f i 2 0 3 seq . . Va s u d év a , i i .

To ts , i 2 04. Va ta , i .

To u rs, M yste r y a t, 11 1 2 8, 1 9 1 , 39 1
‘
. F
Va ti c a n , a u s t a n d Me p hi s to th e r e , 11 .

To u r ta k, go d o f Tigr i s , i 1 08 . M An ge lo , i 1 1 88, 4 2 7 . .

Tr a j a n a n d D a n te , i i 4 33 . V a u v e r t d i a b le , i i 2 0 1 .

Tr a n s fo r ma ti o n s , i 2 1 7
’
. Va y u s w i n d c h a r io t, i 99 , 100 .

Tr a n s migr a ti o n , i 1 2 5, 1 2 6 . Ve d 1c h y mn , i 99 .

Tr a v a n c o r e , d e mo n s o f, i 44 ; Ho ly . V e i ls, i 337 seq

. .

Tr e e , i 2 99 se q . . Ve n a , l i 2 4 0 .

Tr ea c h e r i e s , n a tu r a l, i 2 1 2 seq . . V e n e r a ble Be d e , cit 1 1 4 2 5 . .

Tre a s u r e s , s u n k e n , i 2 2 8 . Ve n e u r , Le Gra n d, o n ta i n ble a u , 11 F

Tr e ge a gle s gh os t, i i 36 1 358
’
.

Tr ia d , i 2 4 ; i i 2 35
. . Ve n u s , see Aph r o d i te
Tr i n i ty , i 2 4 ; ii 2 35 Ve n u s be r , i i i 377
. .
g . .

Tr i ta s , i i 369 . V e r v a i n , ii 32 4 .

Tsa r M o is ko i , i 1 1 9, 2 1 9 . V e s pa s i a n , i i 2 44 .

Ts u i k n a p, i 9 8
-
. Vi d atu , ii 2 64 .

Ts u ma , he r o , i i 4 06 . V i i , i 96
.

Tii bi n ge n s tu d e n ts i mpr i so n e d , 11 337 . V i kr a m, i 4 9 .

Tu mba r i u n go n a ma r s h , Ce y lo n , i i . V i la , d e v i l a t, i 2 05 .

373 V i n di c a to r e s , i i 2 9 1 .

Tu r n e r , J
M W , d r a go n s, i 32 3
. . . . V i r a c v c ha , go d o f Qu i c h ua s ,
Tu r a n i a n me ta llu r gis ts , i 353 . Vi r gi n i a , i n c id e n t m, i .

Tw a s h tr i , i 75, 1 70 . Vi r gi n , An ti c hr i st bo rn o f, 1i 2 57 .
°

Tw e lfth N i gh t, i 31 4
’
. M e r li n bo r n o f, i i 394 (se e Ma d o n n a ) , .

Ty lo r , E B , o n l i mp i n g d e i ti e s, i
. . . Vi r gi n a n d v i pe r , i i 4 1 0 .

1 8 ; mi x e d d e i ti e s , i 2 4 ; I ze d is , i . . Vi r gi n i ty, ii 2 31 .

2 7 fu n e r a l c u s to ms , i 5 3 u d as . J V i r gi n s o f th e a r a ble , fa ta l, 11 4 2 7 P .

b u r n i n g i n M e x i c o, i 80, 81 . Vis hn u , i 1 44 , 1 6 1 , 4 1 8; i i 2 35, 362 ,

. .

Ty pho , i 2 5 1 .
369
Ty ph o n , i 54 ; Ho r n s a n d , i 1 84, 1 85,
. . Vi s h ta s p , n a r c o t1c , 11 4 31 .

4 2 3 ; i i 2 35 Vis mi tr a , i i 2 3, 32 se q . .

V i v i e n be gu i le s Me r li n , ii 398 .

U CBU E LLA i 98 . Vla d i mi r , ii 356 .

U kk o , i 1 02 . Vo la n d, i i 379 .

Vo lme r s h u n t, 11 376
’
U n d in e , i 1 1 1 . .

U n h o ld e n h o f, i 1 99 . Vo lta i r e , hi s d e a th be d , i 2 80 d i a .
°

U n i v e r s a li s m, Or a i n s , 11 382 ; a ul s,
’

’
’
. P bo li s e d , ii 34 9, 4 2 5 , di sli k e to .

i i 383 Si n is tr a r i s , i i 383 se q
. . . r a v e n , i i 36 7 .
4 72 I N D EX .

Vo r ti ge rn , i 369. 370 ; 1 1 398 . . Wo me n , p r o te c te d

i 31 9 seq fir st i n
, . .

V r i tr a , i 36, 1 5 1 , 1 70. 1 7 1 . 332 1 3551

. I n d ia , i i 75 ; Pe rs i a , i 1 77; d i a bo li se d ,
. .

356. 4 1 3 i i 85 seq ; r i b th e o r y o f, i i 103; a s

. .
-
.

Vu lca n , i te mp te r, i i 1 9 1 se q w hy w i tc he s
.

; . .

te mple to , o n E tn a , i 1 56 . w e r e c h i e fly w o me n , i i 1 95 ; Ma lle u s .

Vu lga te , ci t i 1 9 . . Ma le fic o r u m o n , i i 300 E u r i pi d es .

a n d M i lto n c o n c e r n i n g, i i 409
.

W AGN BB my ths u se d by i 86
, , . W o r ld , Go e the s Fa u s t o n the ,
' ’

Wa ld e ma r s h u n t ii 2 76 2 77 Wo r ms ,
'

C
’
o f, i
, .
, 336 ; i ty 3 6;
6 .

W a lpu r ga St i i 378 , .
, . La i d le y, i 367, 368; La mbto n , i .

W a lp u r gi s n i gh t 1 1 90, 2 34 , . .
3 8 7 , 4 1 1 se q S o c kb u r n i 3 8 8.
, .

W a n dj a ge r i i 353 So me r v i lle , i 389 ; o f Ti me , i 34 2 ,

'

. . .
,

W a n s be c k r i v e r le ge n d i 1 1 8 , , .
p o e t i c , i i 393 .

Wa sse 1 ke lc h c hu r c h i i 39 6 , . W r a th, D a y o f, Ma r y m, 11 4 2 9 .

W a tc hn i ght i 90 , . W u c ha n g, te mple o f ho r r o r s, i i 4 2 4 .

W a te r s p i r i ts i 1 1 3 se q 1 2 0 , . . W u s ta n ge s H e e r , 1i 353 .

W a te rs po u ts i 1 07 , . W u ttke , D r cit i 1 60; i i 307, 353, 374

. . . .

W a u lj ii ge r i i 353 , .

W a y la n d , V e d i c V a la , i 1 9 . Y a x x o s , Y a ksha s , i 1 5 1 seq . .

W e a r , r i v e r , le ge n d , i 1 1 8 . Y a ms, K i n g o f D e a th, i 6 .

W e r e w o lv e s , i . 1 58 3 3,
0 3 4,
1 3 5
1 Ye a r , o ld a n d n e w , i 89 , 90 .

g i r dl e ,
i i 31 8 . s llo w s li p p e r s o f w i tc he s , i 2 1 5 .

We s le y , h is w a tc hn ight, i 1 90 ; o n . Ye mma , ki n g o f Ha d e s, J a p , i 1 95 . .

M o ha mme d , i i 2 50 a n d the Co ck . Ye o u a , the gia n t, i 2 07 seq . .

La n e gho s t, i i 309 . Ye z e di s, i 2 7 .

W e s le y a n s a n d the a tr e s, 11 2 73 . Y i mi ,
W e ss a mo n n y , Sin gha le se d e mo n , i . Y n gli n ga
37 1

97 355
. J
Y o r i mi ts a , a pa n ese he r o , ii 406 seq . .

W e s tmi n s te r Abbe y , He ll d e n o u n c e d Yo r k Ca the d r a l, i 32 .

i n , i i 2 39. Y u le ti d e , i 2 3
-
.

W hi r lw i n d s , i 1 0 5 . Y ii Shi i t, Ch i n e se r a i n god, i 1 05 -
.

W hi te La d y , i i 36 1 , 377 seq . .

W i ld H u n ts ma n , i i i 353 seq . . . Z a r u u n a , Sic i lia n s to r y , i i 369 .

W i lli a ms , r o f M , ci t i 50 P . . . . Za mbo r , i 2 6 .

W i ll o w is p, i 2 1 2 se q , 2 2 5
-
’
-
. . Za mi e l, i i 300, 36 1 .

W i lto n , mo n k a t i 2 00 Ze r fi , D r , ci t i 1 2 86
0

. .

Ze r u din e Akr a n e , i i 2 35
, . .

Wi n d d e mo n s , i 88, 89 ; br ide , i 1 06
'
-
. . .

W i n d e s c h ma n n , ci t i 2 83 . . Ze us, i i 2 35 .

W i n e d e v i l, i i 392 , 4 1 5 seq . . et y m o lo
gy , i 1 7 .

W i n te r d e mo n s , i 77 se q . . F
a te s o f, i 4 2 0 se
q . .

W i r te l, D a n u be , i 1 1 5 . F ly go d , i 1 0
-
.

W i tc he s , y e llo w sli ppe rs , i 2 1 5 11 .

°
. jea l o u s , 1.
59
2 88s e q ; Sa le m, i i 31 4 ; tr i a l i i 31 5 ;
. . . Li gh tn i n g w i e ld e r , 1 9 7 -
.

c o n fe s s i o n s , 1 i 2 1 8 s e q te s ti n g, i 1 i n I lia d , i i 402
’
° ‘ ’
. . . .

3 7
1
°
i n Vi r gi n i a , i i
32 6 ; b i bl i c a l, ii
11 . . Z i n se n d o r f, i 34 7 .

3 7
2
°
e x e c u ti o n , i i
32 7 seq 386 . . Zo ha k . i 359 ; i i 1 76. 2 34 .
W i tte n be r g fo r e s t a n d a u s t, ii 337 F . Z o pha r , 11 .

W o d a n , i 99, 1 00, 310. 31 3 i i 353

.
°
Zo r o a s te r , i 1 1 2 4, 1 72 ,
. . 184,
Y o d e j ii ge r , i i 353
V
.
43
11
W o lf le ge n d s , i 1 40, 1 44 , 1 54, 31 8 ; . Zu m Lo c h , Zu ri c h, Cha r le ma gn e a t,

g l e n , i i 3 6 1 . i l 395

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 T h i s book s hould be r e tu rn e d to
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b e yo n d th e Sp e ci fie d t i me .

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t .