+VEQEXMG #M

:SGEFYPEV
'946-27:
+VEQEXMG (+VEQQEV)
7YRIXIPI PMQFMM IRKPI^I; EPJEFIXYP PMQFMM IRKPI^I; GPEWM3GEVIE ZIVFYPYM,
HMEXI^I, EWTIGX, QSHYVM, XMQTYVM ZIVFEPI;
4VI^IRXYP WMQTPY #M GSRXMRYY JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
8VIGYXYP WMQTPY #M GSRXMRYY JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
4VI^IRXYP 4IVJIGX WMQTPY #M GSRXMRYY JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
1EM QYPX GE TIVJIGXYP WMQTPY #M GSRXMRYY JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
:MMXSVYP JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
1SHYP 'SRHM'MSREP #M -J GPEYWI JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
'SRGSVHER'E XMQTYVMPSV JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
1SHYP 7YFNSRGXMZ JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
1SHYP -QTIVEXMZ JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
(MEXI^E TEWMZ JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
:IVFI QSHEPI - JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
:IVFI QSHEPI -- JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
-R3RMXMZYP JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
*SVQIPI R -RK YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
:IVFI GEVI TVMQIWG MR3RMXMZI WEY JSVQE R -RK; )\IVGM'MM
:IVFI GSQTPI\I JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
:SVFMVIE MRHMVIGX JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
4VITS^M'MM, 'SRNYRG'MM JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
7YFWXERXMZYP JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
%VXMGSPYP JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
%HNIGXMZYP JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
4VSRYQIPI JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
%HZIVFYP JSVQ #M YXMPM^EVI; )\IVGM'MM
7YRIXIPI PMQFMM IRKPI^I; EPJEFIXYP PMQFMM IRKPI^I; GPEWM3GEVIE ZIVFYPYM;
QSHYVM; HMEXI^I; EWTIGX; XMQTYVM ZIVFEPI 1. 7YRIXIPI PMQFMM IRKPI^I
:SGEPI
7MQFSPYP JSRIXMG)\IQTPY8VERWGVMIVIE JSRIXMG 1. -:WIE?#M:A 2. -MX?MXA 3.
)XIR?XIRA 4. QER?QRA 5. %:TEVX?TE: XA 6. 3HSK?HSKA 7. 3:WLSVX?`S: XA 8.
9FSSO?FYOA 9. 9:QSSR?QY: RA 10. WYR?WRA 11.7:3VWX?J7: WXA 12.7E?7A
(MJXSRKM 13. )MREQI?RIMQA 14. 3YLSQILSYQA 15.EMRMRI?REMRA 16.EYRS[
?REYA 17. 3MFS]?FSMA 18. -7LIVI?LM7A 19. )7XLIVI?I7A 20. 37HSSV?HS7A 21.
97TSSV?TY7A
8VMJXSRKM 22.EM73VI?JEM7A 23.EY74S[IV?4EY7A
7IQMZSGEPI 24. .]IW?NIWA 25. ;[IPP?[IPA
'SRWSERI
7SRSVI 26. &FMK?FMKA 27. (HE]?HIMA 28. :ZIV]?ZIVMA 29. +KEVHIR?KE: HRA
30. >^IVS?^M7VSYA 31.TPIEWYVI?TPI7A 32. (NEQ?HQA 33. XLMW?MWA 34.
6VIH?VIHA 35. 0PSWX?PSWXA 36. 1QER]?QIRMA 37. 2RSX?RSXA 38. XLMRK?IMA
7YVHI 39. 4TIR?TIRA 40. 8XSS?XY:A 41. *3ZI?JEMZA 42. /GEOI?OIMOA 43.
7WE]?WIMA 44.`WLI?`M:A 45. 8`GLMPH?X`EMPHA 46.*XLMR?IMRA 47. ,LSVWI?LS: WA
:SGEPE ?M:A IWXI S ZSGEP PYRK. )WXI ETVSETI MHIRXMG GY M VSQRIWG HMR
GYZMRXIPI R GEVI EGGIRXYQ EGIEWX ZSGEP R QSH HISWIFMX, GE HI TMPH R
I\GPEQE'ME: FMMRI! (R WIRW HI GSRGIWMI).
:SGEPE ?MA IWXI S ZSGEP WGYVX, YR WYRIX MRXIVQIHMEV RXVI M #M I HMR
PMQFE VSQR.
:SGEPE ?IA IWXI S ZSGEP WGYVX #M JSEVXI ETVSTMEX HI I VSQRIWG, 3MRH
RW GIZE QEM HIWGLMW. )E WIEQR RHISWIFM GY I HMR PMQFE VSQR, GRH
EGIWXE I YVQEX HI V, GE HI I\IQTPY R GYZMRXIPI QIVI, TIVI IXG.
:SGEPE ?A IWXI S ZSGEP WGYVX #M SGYT S TS^M'MI MRXIVQIHMEV RXVI E
#M I; ?A RY WI TSEXI GSQTEVE GY RMGM YR WYRIX HMR PMQFE VSQR. 7I SF'MRI
HIWGLM^RH KYVE TIRXVY E #M TVSRYR'RH I.
:SGEPE ?E:A I S ZSGEP PYRK #M WI JSVQIE^ R TEVXIE HMR JYRH E KYVMM,
GIIE GI M H S VI^SRER' HI WYRIX TVSJYRH. 4VSRYR'RH YR E VSQRIWG
TVIPYRKMX #M HMR JYRHYP KYVMM ZSQ SF'MRI YR ?E:A IRKPI^IWG GSVIGX.
:SGEPE ?SA IWXI S ZSGEP WGYVX. )E RY TSEXI 3 GSQTEVEX GY RMGM YR
WYRIX I\MWXIRX R PMQFE VSQR. 4IRXVY GMRI GYRSE#XI RW PMQFE QEKLMEV,
WYRIXYP IRKPI^ IWXI Y#SV HI TVSRYR'EX, IP 3MRH JSEVXI ETVSTMEX HI ZSGEPE S HMR
EGIEWX PMQF. ?SA IWXI YR WYRIX MRXIVQIHMEV RXVI WYRIXIPI E #M S #M WI
TVSRYR' QYPX QEM HMR JYRHYP KYVMM HIGX S VSQRIWG #M GY KYVE QYPX QEM
HIWGLMW.
:SGEPE ?S:A IWXI S ZSGEP PYRK. )E WI HISWIFI#XI HI ZSGEPE ?SA GEVI
IWXI QYPX QEM HIWGLMW WTVI E. 4VSRYR'RH YR S VSQRIWG PYRK #M HMR JYRHYP
KYVMM ZSQ SF'MRI YR WYRIX JSEVXI ETVSTMEX HI ?S:A IRKPI^IWG.
:SGEPE ?YA IWXI S ZSGEP WGYVX, JSEVXI ETVSTMEX HI Y VSQRIWG. 7I
TVSRYR' GY FY^IPI QEM TY'MR VSXYRNMXI HIGX R GE^YP PYM Y HMR PMQFE VSQR.
:SGEPE ?Y:A IWXI S ZSGEP PYRK #M WIEQR JSEVXI QYPX GY YR Y
VSQRIWG TVIPYRKMX.
:SGEPE ?A I S ZSGEP WGYVX #M WIEQR JSEVXI QYPX GY YR E VSQRIWG
WGYVX. 4IRXVY TVSRYR'EVIE PYM ?A IWXI RIGIWEV W RXMRHIQ TY'MR FY^IPI PEXIVEP
#M W TSRYR'Q YR E VIXVKRH PMQFE TY'MR RETSM.
:SGEPE ?7:A IWXI S ZSGEP PYRK, EWIQRXSEVI PYM VSQRIWG TVIPYRKMX.
4IRXVY E S VSWXM GSVIGX XVIFYMI W 'MRIQ QE\MPEVIPI ETVSTMEXI #M FY^IPI RXMRWI
PEXIVEP. )WXI EFWSPYX RIGIWEV GE R XMQTYP TVSRYR'VMM PYM ?7:A FY^IPI W 3I
RYQEM Y#SV RXVIHIWGLMWI.
:SGEPE ?7A IWXI S ZSGEP WGYVX, RMGMSHEX EGGIRXYEX #M GSVIWTYRHI
ZSGEPIM HMR PMQFE VSQR.
(MJXSRKYP ?IMA WI EWIEQR GY HMJXSRKYP VSQRIWG HMR GYZMRXIPI QIM, XIM,
PIM IXG. )PIQIRXYP EP HSMPIE EP HMJXSRKYPYM IWXI WYRIXYP ?MA WGYVX IRKPI^IWG.
(MJXSRKYP ?SYA. 4VMQYP IPIQIRX EP EGIWXYM HMJXSRK IWXI S ZSGEP RG
RIRXPRMX, ZSGEPE ?SA. 3 SF'MRIQ VSXYRNMRH FY^IPI TIRXVY S #M TVSRYR'RH .
%P HSMPIE IPIQIRX EP HMJXSRKYPYM IWXI ?YA, HIWTVI GEVI VIEQMRXMQ G IWXI YR
WYRIX WGYVX.
(MJXSRKYP ?EMA WI ETVSTMI JSEVXI QYPX HI HMJXSRKYP VSQRIWG HMR
GYZMRXIPI QEM, GEM, HEM IXG., GY HISWIFMVIE G IPIQIRXYP EP HSMPIE EP HMJSXRKYPYM
IWXI WYRIXYP ?MA WGYVX IRKPI^IWG.
(MJXSRKYP ?EYA WI ETVSTMI HI EWIQIRIE JSEVXI QYPX HI HMJXSRKYP
VSQRIWG HMR GYZMRXIPI HEY, WEY IXG. )PIQIRXYP EP HSMPIE EP HMJXSRKYPYM IWXI
WYRIXYP ?YA WGYVX IRKPI^IWG.
(MJXSRKYP ?SMA WI ETVSTMI HI HMJXSRKYP VSQRIWG SM HMR GYZMRXIPI GE RSM,
HSM, ZSM IXG. 8SXY#M TVMQYP IPIQIRX, ?SA, I QEM HIWGLMW HIGX R PMQFE VSQR,
MEV GIP HI-EP HSMPIE IPIQIRX IWXI ?MA WGYVX IRKPI^IWG.
(MJXSRKMM ?M7A #M ?Y7A GSR'MR WYRIXI GYRSWGYXI. 0E TVSRYR'EVIE PSV XVIFYMI
W EZIQ R ZIHIVI WYRIXIPI WTIGM3G IRKPI^I#XM ?MA #M ?YA.
(MJXSRKYP ?I7A GSR'MRI S ZSGEP RSY, ?IA. %GIEWX ZSGEP IWXI QEM
HIWGLMW HIGX ?IA #M QEM RGLMW HIGX ?A.
(MJXSRKYP ?S7A. 4VMQYP IPIQIRX EP EGIWXYM HMJXSRK IWXI ZSGEPE WGYVX ?SA
YVQEX JV IJSVX HI ?7A (EQMRXMQ G EZIQ HI-E JEGI GY YR S HIWGLMW WTVI E).
%GIWX HMJXSRK XMRHI W 3I RPSGYMX HI ZSGEPE PYRK ?S:A.
8VMJXSRKYP ?EM7A 4VSRYR'E'M RXV-S WMRKYV WMPEF EGIWX XVMJXSRK, 'MRRH
WIEQE HI GEVEGXIVYP ZSGEPIM IRKPI^I#XM ?MA: 3VI ?JEM7A, XMVIH ?XEM7HA.
8VMJXSRKYP ?EY7A IWXI JSVQEX HMR WYRIXI GYRSWGYXI. 0E TVSRYR'EVIE PYM
XVIFYMI W 'MRIQ WIEQE HI GEVEGXIVYP ZSGEPIM IRKPI^I#XM ?YA.
2Y-P TVSRYR'E'M TI ?YA HMR XVMJXSRKYP ?EY7A GY IQMXIVI TYXIVRMG HI EIV,
TIRXVY E RY-P XVERWJSVQE R WIQMZSGEPE ?[A. 3F'MRI'M S TVSRYR'MI GSVIGX E
EGIWXYM XVMJXSRK HEG VSWXM'M RXV-S WMRKYV WMPEF KVYTYP HI WYRIXI VSQRI#XM
E.
7IQMZSGEPE ?[A WI TVSRYR' GE YR Y JSEVXI WGYVX, GY TYXIVRMG IQMXIVI
HI EIV TVMRXVI FY^I, WIQRRH GY WYRIXYP Y TI GEVI P EHYKQ R TVSRYR'EVI
PE RGITYXYP YRSV GYZMRXI GE SEP, SEMI IXG.
7IQMZSGEPE ?NA, GIE HI-E HSYE WIQMZSGEP HMR PMQFE IRKPI^, WI TSEXI
GSQTEVE GY YR M JSEVXI WGYVX, GY VI^SRER' GSRWSRERXMG. )E WI RXPRI#XI #M
R PMQFE VSQR R GYZMRXI GE: IWXI, IM, MEVR, MIVXEVI IXG.
'SRWSERE ?HA TVI^MRX S TEVXMGYPEVMXEXI JE' HI PMQFE VSQR, R WIRWYP
G PE EVXMGYPEVIE IM ZVJYP PMQFMM WI WTVMNMR TI EPZISPI (TI VHGMRE HMR'MPSV).
'SRWSERIPI ?FA, ?ZA, ?KA, ?^A, ?QA, ?RA TSX 3 GSRWMHIVEXI GE 3MRH MHIRXMGI
GY GSRWSERIPI GSVIWTYR^XSEVI HMR PMQFE VSQR.
'SRWSERE ?A IWXI EGIIE#M GE #M GSRWSERE VSQRIEWG HMR NEV, ENYR IXG.
6I'MRI'M WIQRYP ?A TIRXVY WYRIXYP N VSQRIWG; VIEQMRXM'M-Z G WIQRYP ?NA
VITVI^MRX S WIQMZSGEP EWIQRXSEVI WYRIXYPYM M HMR GYZMRXIPI VSQRI#XM:
MEVR, GLMEV, MEX IXG.
'SRWSERE ?HA IWXI GSVIWTSRHIRXE WSRSV E GSRWSERIM WYVHI ?X`A. 3
RXPRMQ R VSQRI#XI R GYZMRXI GE: KMQREWXMG, KIEQ, PIKM IXG. 3FWIVZE'M G
R PMQFE VSQR EGIEWX GSRWSER TSEXI 3 YVQEX RYQEM HI ZSGEPI I WEY M.
8VIGIVIE PE SVMGEVI HMR GIPIPEPXI ZSGEPI (S, E, Y) WI JEGI GY ENYXSVYP YRYM M WEY
I HI PIKXYV. (I I\IQTPY: KIEQ, +ISVKI, KMYPKMY. R PMQFE IRKPI^, XVIGIVIE
HI PE ?HA PE SVMGEVI HMRXVI ZSGEPI WI JEGI HMVIGX. (I I\IQTPY: .SLR ?HSRA,
+ISVKI ?HS: HA. 2Y TVSRYR'E'M HIGM GYZRXYP .SLR GE KMSR. R PMQFE IRKPI^,
WYRIXYP ?HA XIVQMR GYZRXYP. (I I\IQTPY: +IVSKI ?HS: HA, NYHKI ?HHA.
2Y TVSRYR'E'M KMSVKM #M KMEKM.
'SRWSERE ?A IWXI S GSRWSER WSRSV (GE F, K, Q, ^ IXG) TI GEVI S
TYXIQ VSWXM GSVIGX TVSRYR'RH YR H (WEY ^) VSQRIWG GY ZVJYP PMQFMM RXVI
HMR'M. )\IVGM'MYP XVIFYMI VITIXEX HI JSEVXI QYPXI SVM R JE'E SKPMR^MM TIRXVY E
GSRXVSPE TS^M'ME PMQFMM.
'SRWSERE ?VA WI HISWIFI#XI JYRHEQIRXEP HI GSRWSERE VSQRIEWG V,
3MRH HI JETX GY XSXYP EPX GSRWSER, HI#M I VITVI^IRXEX HI EGIIE#M PMXIV E
EPJEFIXYPYM. %WXJIP, R XMQT GI V VSQRIWG IWXI S GSRWSER ZMFVERX, ?VA
IRKPI^IWG WI VSWXI#XI JV ZMFVE'MI (GE #M GSRWSERIPI W #M N, HI TMPH). 4IRXVY E
SF'MRI ?VA IRKPI^IWG, TVSRYR'E'M N GY KYVE QYPX HIWGLMW. 4R GRH Z
HITVMRHI'M GY TVSRYR'EVIE 3VIEWG E PYM ?VA, GYXE'M W VSWXM'M YR V VSQRIWG
GX QEM #XIVW #M JV GE ZVJYP PMQFMM W EXMRK GIVYP KYVMM.
'SRWSERE ?PA R PMQFE IRKPI^ I\MWX HSY ZEVMERXI EPI GSRWSERIM ?PA.
REMRXI HI ZSGEP, ?PA IWXI MHIRXMG GY P VSQRIWG; HI I\IQTPY R GYZMRXIPI PMZI,
PMP]. R TS^M'MI 3REP WEY REMRXI HI GSRWSER, ?PA IWXI YR WYRIX ZSEPEX. 0E
VSWXMVIE PYM, TEVXIE TSWXIVMSEV E PMQFMM WI VMHMG WTVI GIVYP KYVMM. RXV-YR
GYZRX GE ETTPI, ?PA IWXI TVIGIHEX HI YR JSEVXI WGYVX. 4VSRYR'E'M HIGM ?TPA
#M RY ?TPA.
'SRWSERE ?A IWXI EWIQRXSEVI GY GSRWSERE VSQRIEWG R HMR
GYZMRXIPI R GEVI R IWXI YVQEX HI G WEY HI K: RG, %RKLIP, WMRKYPEV, YRHI R
HIZMRI R TEVXI KYXYVEP.
'SRWSERIPI ?TA, ?XA, ?OA WYRX GSRWSERI WYVHI. 7TVI HISWIFMVI HI
GSRWSERIPI GSVIWTYR^XSEVI HMR PMQFE VSQR, IPI WYRX YVQEXI GRH RY
WYRX TVIGIHEXI HI EPX GSRWSER #M WYRX R WMPEF EGGIRXYEX HI YR Y#SV
WYRIX L. 'SRWSERE ?XA WI TVSRYR' GY ZVJYP PMQFMM WTVMNMRMX TI EPZISPI (TI
VHGMRE HMR'MPSV).
'SRWSERIPI ?JA #M ?WA TSX 3 GSRWMHIVEXI GE 3MRH MHIRXMGI GY GSRWSERIPI
GSVIWTYR^XSEVI HMR PMQFE VSQR.
'SRWSERE ?`A IWXI EGIIE#M GE #M GSRWSERE VSQRIEWG #.
'SRWSERE ?X`A IWXI ETVSETI MHIRXMG GY GSRWSERE VSQRIEWG HMR
GYZMRXI GE: GMRI, GIEW, GIP IXG. "M WI TVSRYR' GY S Y#SEV EWTMVE'MI, GE #M ?OA,
?TA, ?XA.
'SRWSERE IRKPI^IEWG VQRI RW TIVJIGX WYVH #M TSEXI 3 YVQEX
HMVIGX HI SVMGI ZSGEP, JV E RIGIWMXE YR I WEY M HI PIKXYV, GE R PMQFE
VSQR: GLMPH ?X`EMPHA.
(I WIQIRIE, GSRWSERE ?X`A 3REP, WTVI HISWIFMVI HI GSRWSERE
GSVIWTYR^XSEVI HMR PMQFE VSQR, RY IWXI YVQEX HI YR M EWMPEFMG (GEVI RY
JSVQIE^ WMPEF) GE R GMRGM, TPIGM IXG. (I I\IQTPY: QYGL ?QX`A. )WXI
RIGIWEV W HQ S HISWIFMX EXIR'MI TVSRYR'VMM EGIWXIM GSRWSERI GRH IWXI
YVQEX HI EPXI ZSGEPI HIGX M #M I, WEY GRH IWXI R TS^M'MI 3REP. (IGM
TVSRYR'E'M ?X`EMPHA #M RY GMEMPH, ?QX`A #M RY QEGM.
'SRWSERE ?IA IWXI TIVIGLIE WYVH E GSRWSERIM ?A, GEVI WI HISWIFI#XI
TVMR EGIIE G PE TVSRYR'EVIE IM GSEVHIPI ZSGEPI RY ZMFVIE^. 4IRXVY E
TVSRYR'E WYRIXYP ?IA, ZSQ 'MRI ZVJYP PMQFMM RXVI HMR'M #M ZSQ EVXMGYPE YR X (WEY
W) VSQRIWG, JV IJSVX. 'E #M R GE^YP PYM ?A, I\IVGM'MMPI XVIFYMI JGYXI R JE'E
SKPMR^MM. 'SRWSERIPI ?A #M ?IA WYRX VITIVI^IRXEXI R WGVMIVI TVMR KVYTYP XL.
'SRWSERE ?LA WI TVSRYR' GY EWTMVE'MI (IQMXIVI HI EIV) QEM TYXIVRMG
HIGX R PMQFE VSQR.
2. 8LI %PTLEFIX
%?IMAR ?IRA
& ?FM:AS ?SYA
' ?#M:AT ?TM:A
( ?HM:AU ?ONY:A
) ?M:AV ?E:A
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+ ?HM:AX ?XM:A
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1 ?IQA^ ?^IHA 3. 'PEWM3GEVIE :IVFIPSV
* 'SRNYKEVIE ZIVFIPSV IRKPI^I WI FE^IE^ TI XVIM JSVQI TVMRGMTEPI.
%GIWXIE WYRX JSVQIPI HI HMG'MSREV EPI ZIVFIPSV IRKPI^I:
- JSVQ E ---E JSVQE ----E JSVQ (XS) [SVO[SVOIH[SVOIH (XS)
KMZIKEZIKMZIR
*:IVFIPI IRKPI^I WI GPEWM3G R ZIVFI SFM#RYMXI #M WTIGMEPI. 'IPI
SFM#RYMXI TSX 3 VIKYPEXI WEY RIVIKYPEXI, MEV GIPI WTIGMEPI WYRX QTV'MXI R
ZIVFI EY\MPMEVI #M ZIVFI QSHEPI.
:IVFIPI SFM#RYMXI EY YR WIRW TVSTVMY #M TSX EZIE JYRG'ME HI TVIHMGEX R
TVSTS^M'MI.
:IVFIPI WTIGMEPI RY EY YR WIRW TVSTVMY #M ENYX PE JSVQEVIE XMQTYVMPSV
ZIVFEPI GSQTYWI.
:IVFI VIKYPEXI
:IVFIPI VIKYPEXI JSVQIE^ TEWX XIRWI #M TEWX TEVXMGMTPI TVMR EHYKEVIE
XIVQMRE'MIM )(. )\: ;SVOIH; GPIERIH; GPSWIH
:IVFI RIVIKYPEXI
:IVFIPI RIVIKYPEXI JSVQIE^ TEWX XIRWI #M TEWX TEVXMGMTPI RIVIKYPEX #M
EGIWXI JSVQI XVIFYMI RZ'EXI.
:IVFIPI RIVIKYPEXI WI QTEVX R 3 GEXIKSVMM:
+VYTE ZIVFIPSV GEVI RY WYTSVX RMGM S QSHM3GEVI
'YX GYX GYX
4YX TYX TYX
+VYTE ZIVFIPSV GEVI WYTSVX S QSHM3GEVI
&VMRK FVSYKLX FVSYKLX
1IIX QIX QIX
+VYTE ZIVFIPSV GEVI WYTSVX HSY QSHM3GVM
(S HMH HSRI
6MRK VERK VYRK
:IVFI EY\MPMEVI
7YRX JSVQEXSVM XIQTSVEPM, ENYX PE JSVQEVIE XMQTYVMPSV ZIVFEPI GSQTYWI.
(3 WI JSPSWI#XI PE TVIWIRX XIRWI WMQTPI #M TEWX XIRWI WMQTPI JSVQE
MRXIVSKEXMZ #M RIKEXMZ; (HS, HSIW, HMH)
&) WI JSPSWI#XI PE JSVQEVIE HMEXI^IM TEWMZI #M E XMQTYVMPSV ZIVFEPI
GSRXMRYI; (EQ, EVI, MW, [EW, [IVI)
,%:) WI JSPSWI#XI PE JSVQEVIE XMQTYVMPSV ZIVFEPI TIVJIGXI; (LEZI, LEW,
LEH)
7,%00, ;-00 WI JSPSWIWG PE JSVQEVIE XMQTYVMPSV ZIVFEPI HI ZMMXSV;
7,390(, ;390( WI JSPSWIWG PE JSVQEVIE PYM *YXYVI-PR-XLI-4EWX #M E
QSHYPYM 'SRHM'MSREP;
0)8 WI JSPSWI#XI PE JSVQEVIE -QTIVEXMZYPYM TIRXVY TIVWSERE --E WK #M TP
#M TIVWSERE E ----E WK #M TP.
:IVFI QSHEPI
7YRX S GPEW WTIGMEP HI ZIVFI GEVI I\TVMQ TIVQMWMYRIE, EFMPMXEXIE,
TVSFEFMPMXEXIE, SFPMKE'ME, RIGIWMXEXIE: 1%=, 1-+,8, '%2, '390(, 1978,
2))(, 7,390(, 39+,8 83, ,%:) 83, 2))( 83.
**SVQIPI :IVFEPI WI QTEVX R TVIHMGEXMZI TSX JSVQE TVIHMGEXYP R
TVSTS^M'MI #M EY YR WYFMIGX #M RITVIHMGEXMZI RY TSX JSVQE TVIHMGEXYP R
TVSTS^M'MI (MR3RMXMZYP, TEVXMGMTMYP, KIVYRH-YP).
*1SHYP RWIEQR QERMIVE WEY QSHYP R GEVI EG'MYRIE IWXI I\TVMQEX
HI ZIVF. 1SHYVMPI PMQFMM IRKPI^I WYRX: -RHMGEXMZ, -QTIVEXMZ, 7YFNSRGXMZ #M
'SRHM'MSREP.
*(MEXI^E IWXI JSVQE ZIVFYPYM GEVI MRHMG HEG S TIVWSER WEY YR PYGVY
JEGI EG'MYRIE WEY S WYJIV. R PMQFE IRKPI^ WYRX 2 HMEXI^I:
(MEXI^E EGXMZ RI MRHMG JETXYP G S TIVWSER WEY YR PYGVY GEVI I #M
WYFMIGXYP TVSTS^M'MIM JEGI EG'MYRIE. %GIEWXE TSEXI 3 WYJIVMX HI S EPX
TIVWSER WEY PYGVY WEY HI EGGIE#M TIVWSER GEVI S VIEPM^IE^ (EG'MYRI
VI4I\MZ).
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XLMRO. 11. ,I GSYPHRX QSZI EW LI [EW (HIEH, HIEHP]) XMVIH. 12. ,MW I]IW LYVX
LMQ (FEH, FEHP]). 13. 1V .SRIW LIPH MX (XMKLX, XMKLXP]). 14. -X [EW WM\ SGPSGO EW
(RIEV, RIEVP]) EW LI GSYPH KYIWW. 15. (PEWX, PEWXP]) - QYWX EGGSYRX JSV Q]
WMWXIVW FILEZMSYV.
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(XLEX ZIV] QSQMRK, R XLI GIRXVI SJ XLI I\EQMREXMSR LEPP). 3. 8LSYKL - [EW
ZIV] FYW] - WREXGLIH E QMRYXI XS ERW[IV LMW PIXXIV (]IWXIVHE], EX XLI S5GI).
4. 8SQ, ,YGO ERH .SI HIGMHIH XS VYR E[E] (EX HE]FVIEO, JVSQ LSQI). 5. - [MWL
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WYQQIV). 10. 8LI KVIEX 3VI FVSOI SYX, ERH EMHIH F] XLI IEWX [MRH, FYQX
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5. ,IEZMP] 6. 2IEVP] 7. ,EVH 8. 5YMGOP], LEVHP] 9. 0EWX 10. (MVIGXP] 11. (IEH
12. &EHP] 13. 8MKLX/XMKLXP] 14. 2IEV 15. 0EWXP] 1. 8MQ ERH &IGO] LEH FIIR
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1] FVSXLIVW ERH Q] LYWFERH [MPP FI LSQI WSSR JVSQ XLI WLSSXMRK. 9. &EXLMRK
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FVSOI SYX R E FEOIVW WLST R 0SRHSR R 7ITXIQFIV 1666 ERH EMHIH F] XLI
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8,) '%6 32 8,) 63%( (6-:-2+ % '%6
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8VE5G GMVGYPE'MI, XVE3G
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8VE5G TSPMGIQER EKIRX HI GMVGYPE'MI
8VE5G EGGMHIRX EGGMHIRX HI GMVGYPE'MI
8VE5G TSPMGI[SQER EKIRX HI GMVGYPE'MI
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6SEH WMKR WIQR HI GMVGYPE'MI
6SEH GSRHMXMSRW GSRHM'MM HI HVYQ, WXEVIE HVYQYPYM
&YMPX-YT EVIE ^SR PSGYMX
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(VMZMRK PMGIRGI TIVQMW HI GSRHYGIVI
/MPSQIXIV-WXSRI TMEXV HI OMPSQIXVEN, FSVR HI OMPSQIXVEN
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6EHMEXSV KVMPP QEWGE VEHMEXSVYPYM
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+VIIR ZIVHI (PE WIQEJSV)
8S HVMZI E GSRHYGI (YR EYXSZILMGYP)
8S GVSWW E XVEZIVWE
8S [EXGL SYX (JSV) /XS PSSO SYX E 3 EXIRX (PE)
8S WPS[ HS[R E RGIXMRM
8S KMZI [E] E GIHE XVIGIVIE
8S SZIVXEOI E HIT#M
8S [EVR E EZIVXM^E
8S FVEOI E JVRE, E TYRI JVR
8S SZIVXYQ E WI VWXYVRE
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8S LEZI E GVEWL E EZIE/E WYJIVM YR EGGMHIRX
8S GSQI MRXS E GSPPMWMSR [MXL E WI GMSGRM HI
8S TEVO E TEVGE
8S MRNYVI E VRM
8S IRHERKIV E TYRI R TIVMGSP
8S GEXGL (E FYW) E TVMRHI EYXSFY^YP
8S KIX SR (E FYW) E WI YVGE R EYXSFY^
8S KIX S2 (E FYW) E WI GSFSV HMR EYXSFY^
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8S VIPIEWI XLI LERHFVEOI E HE HVYQYP PE JVRE HI QR
8S HITVIWW XLI GPYXGL E ETWE TI EQFVIMEN
8S TVIWW XLI EGGIPIVEXSV E ETWE TI EGGIPIVEXSV
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8S WSYRH XLI LSVR E GPE\SRE
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EPGSSPYPYM
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PE PIKIE GMVGYPE'MIM
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0IZIP GVSWWMRK [MXLSYX KEXI SV FEVVMIV XVIGIVI PE RMZIP JV FEVMIVI
/IIT WXVEMKLX SR QIVKI'M HVITX REMRXI
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WXIIVMRK (WIVZS-HMVIG'MI).
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8LMW MW ER %QIVMGER GEV. -XW KSX GVYMWI GSRXVSP (HMWTS^MXMZ HI GSRXVSP
EYXSQEX EP ZMXI^IM). 8LEXW [L] - LEZIRX KSX Q] JSSX SR XLI EGGIPIVEXSV/KEW
TIHEP.
(MT ]SYV LIEHPMKLXW (E QMG#SVE PYQMRE JEVYVMPSV). =SYVI FPMRHMRK XLI GEVW
SR XLI SXLIV WMHI SJ XLI VSEH!
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HI RGLMHIVI EP Y#MPSV).
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;I GER TEVO LIVI ERH LEZI E KEQI SJ GEVHW. 8LI JVSRX WIEXW W[MZIP
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MKRMXMSR, MXW KSX ER MQQSFMPMWIV (MQSFMPM^EXSV) XLEX GYXW XLI IRKMRI S2 (E WI
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WEXIPPMXI-XVEGOMRK HIZMGI (YR WMWXIQ HI YVQVMVI TVMR WEXIPMX) MRWXEPPIH.
- HMHRX [ERX XS FY] E JSVIMKR GEV FIGEYWI WTEVIW/WTEVI TEVXW (IPIQIRXI
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8LMW GEV WLSYPH OIIT MXW ZEPYI. -X HSIWRX HITVIGMEXI UYMGOP] WS - WLSYPH
FI EFPI XS XVEHI MX R (E GSQIVGMEPM^E) JSV E KSSH TVMGI R E GSYTPI SJ ]IEVW MJ -
OIIT MX R KSSH GSRHMXMSR.
8LI SR-XLI-VSEH TVMGI (TVI'YP HI GYQTVEVI, 3REP) MRGPYHMRK HIPMZIV]
ERH :%8 [EW EFSYX 3JXIIR XLSYWERH HSPPEVW.
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GSQFYWXMFMPYPYM). -X HSIW EFSYX 40 QMPIW TIV KEPPSR (QTK).
8LMW QYWX FI XLI QSWX IRZMVSRQIRX-JVMIRHP] (GEVI TVSXINIE^ QIHMYP)
GEV SR XLI QEVOIX. -X YWIW YRPIEHIH JYIP (FIR^MR JV TPYQF) ERH LEW KSX E
GEXEP]XMG GSRZIVXIV (GSRZIVXSV GEXEPMXMG).
&YX EVI EPP XLI FSH] TEVXW VIG]GPEFPI#
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XLI VSEH.
R 1769 2MGLSPEW 'YKRSX FYMPX XLI 3VWX WIPJ-TVSTIPPIH ZILMGPI, E WXIEQ-
TS[IVIH XVEGXSV, FYX R 1884 +SXXPMIF (EMQPIV FYMPX XLI [SVPHW 3VWX VIEP
TEWWIRKIV GEV. 8LMW RI[ ZILMGPI [EW EX 3VWX ORS[R F] E RYQFIV SJ REQIW,
WYGL EW PSGSQSXMZI, VSEH PSGSQSXMZI, LSVWI-PIWW GEVVMEKI SV QSXSVMWIH FYKK];
XLI X[S REQIW [LMGL [SR SYX EVI XLSWI [I YWI XSHE] EYXSQSFMPI ERH GEV.
*396-;))0)( ;32()67
9RXMP 1904, [LIR XLI 97% XSSO XLI PIEH R GEV TVSHYGXMSR, *VERGI LEH
FIIR XLI PEVKIWX EYXSQSFMPI QERYJEGXYVIV (TVSHYGXSV), KMZMRK YW [SVHW WYGL
EW GLEWWMW (#EWMY), KEVEKI ERH GSYTI. 8LI 3VWX GEVW [IVI FYMPX F] GVEJXWQIR
(QI#XI#YKEVM), YWMRK XLI WEQI QIXLSHW ERH QEXIVMEPW EW LEH FIIR YWIH XS
FYMPH LSVWI-HVE[R GEVVMEKIW (XVWYVM XVEWI HI GEM). 8LMW LEW KMZIR YW [SVHW
WYGL EW GSEGL[SVO (WXVYGXYVE I\XIVMSEV E QE#MRMM), WXMPP WSQIXMQIW YWIH XS
HIWGVMFI XLI FSH][SVO (GSVTYP QE#MRMM) SJ E GEV, ERH HEWLFSEVH (XEFPSY HI
FSVH) (XLI TERIP R JVSRX SJ XLI HVMZIV [MXL XLI KEYKIW (IPIQIRXIPI HI
QWYV) ERH MRHMGEXSVW) (MRHMGEXSEVIPI), [LMGL [EW SVMKMREPP] XLI FSEVH TPEGIH
EX XLI JVSRX SJ E GEVVMEKI XS TVIZIRX HMVX ERH QYH 4]MRK YT SRXS XLI HVMZIV
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[MXL E XMPPIV (GVQ) VEXLIV XLER E WXIIVMRK [LIIP.
6SEHW ERH *YIP
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EPXLSYKL VSEH FYMPHMRK [EW EX 3VWX ZIV] WPS[ R XLI 97, R &VMXEMR XLI 8EV-
1EGEHEQ 'SQTER] [EW IWXEFPMWLIH R 1901, TVSHYGMRK XLI WQSSXL VSEH
WYVJEGI [I RS[ ORS[ EW 8EVQEG SV EWTLEPX (97). 8LI 3VWX VSEHWMHI JYIP
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R 1906 ERH WS XLI 3PPMRK WXEXMSR SV KEW WXEXMSR (FIR^MRVMI) [EW FSVR. 1SXSV
JYIP [EW ORS[R EW KEWSPMRI SV KEW R XLI 97, FYX R &VMXEMR XLI RI[ [SVH
TIXVSP LEH FIIR GSMRIH (E MRZIRXE) R 1893. 8LMW HM2IVIRGI R XIVQW WXMPP
WYVZMZIW, EW HS QER] SXLIVW.
8IVQW SJ )RHYVERGI
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FIKER XS ETTIEV IPIGXVMG [MRHWGVIIR [MTIVW [IVI MRXVSHYGIH R 1923, ERH
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0IK SJ E JS[P TMGMSV HI TEWVI
&VMWOIX TMITX/KEVJ HI TSVG
7EYX WSXI
7GEPPST #RM'IP
:IRMWSR ZREX
1MRX WEYGI WSW HI QIRX
*MWL TI#XI
*VIWL-[EXIV 3WL TI#XI HI ET HYPGI
7EPX-[EXIV 3WL TI#XI HI QEVI
,EHHSGO FEXSK, IKVI3R
,IVVMRK LIVMRK, WGVYQFMI
/MTTIV WGVYQFMI EJYQEX
7SPI GEPGER
,EPMFYX TI#XI HI QEVI HMR KIRYP ,MTSKPSWWYW
'SH GSH
4IVGL FMFER
8VSYX TWXVZ
7XYVKISR WXYVMSR
4PEMGI TPXMG
'EVT GVET
7EPQSR WSQSR
8YRR]/XYRRE 3WL XSR
'VE[3WL VEGM
'VEFW GVEFM
4MOI #XMYG
>ERHIV #EPY
0SFWXIV LSQEV
3]WXIV WXVMHMI
(IWWIVX HIWIVX
7[IIX HIWIVX HYPGI
'EOI TVNMXYV
4EWXV] TPGMRXI, TEXMWIVMI
%TTPI-XEVX XEVX/TPGMRX GY QIVI
'LIIWI TMI TPGMRX GY FVR^
4YHHMRK FYHMRG
&MWGYMXW FMWGYM'M
1Y5R FVMS#
4ERGEOIW GPXMXI
(SYKLRYXW KSKS#M
7TSRKI GEOI TERHM#TER
7[IIX FMWGYMX TM#GSX
8VM4I #EVPSX, TVNMXYV JGYX HMR JVM#G, QMKHEPI #M FMWGYM'M RQYME'M R
ZMR
+MRKIVFVIEH XYVX HYPGI
*VYMX WEPEH WEPEX HI JVYGXI
7XI[IH JVYMX GSQTSX HI JVYGXI
+VETI WXVYKYVI
'YVVERX WXE3H QEVI
4MRI-ETTPI EREREW
-GI-GVIEQ RKLI'EX
'YWXEVH GVIQ HI SY
&EXXIV EPYEX
.EQ KIQ, HYPGIE'
1EVQEPEHI HYPGIE' WEY QEVQIPEH HI TSVXSGEPI
'VIEQ GEMQEG, WQRXR
;LMTTIH GVIEQ JVM#G
'IVIEPW QRGEVI TVIKXMX HMR GIVIEPI (JYPKM HI SZ^, TSVYQF)
'SQ4EOIW JYPKM HI TSVYQF
4SVVMHKI 3IVXYV HMR JYPKM HI SZ^ WEY TSVYQF, GY PETXI, GEMQEG, GY
WEY JV ^ELV
3EXQIEP JMR HI SZ^, SZ^ TMWEX
4EWXEW TEWXI JMRSEWI
6MGI SVI^
4MPE2 (VMGI) TMPEJ
7TEKLIXXM WTEKLIXI
1EGEVSRM EY KVEXMR QEGEVSERI KVEXMREXI
(VMRO FYXYV
7SJX HVMRO FYXYV RIEPGSSPMG, VGSVMXSEVI
0IQSREHI PMQSREH, GMXVSREH
.YMGI WYG
*VYMX NYMGI WYG HI JVYGXI
3VERKI NYMGI WYG HI TSVXSGEPI
1MRIVEP [EXIV ET QMRIVEP
'MHIV GMHVY
1MPO PETXI
'S2II GEJIE
&PEGO GS2II GEJIE RIEKV
;LMXI GS2II GEJIE GY PETXI
7XVSRK/LEVH/EPGSLSPMG HVMRO FYXYV EPGSSPMG
&IIV FIVI
1YK, E TMRX SJ FIIV S LEPF HI FIVI
&MXXIV FIVI EQEV
7XSYX FIVI RIEKV
+MRKIV EPI FIVI RIEPGSSPMG
(VEYKLX FIIV FIVI HI PE FYXSM
%PI FIVI IRKPI^IEWG
&VERH] VEGLMY, GSRMEG
;MRI ZMR
;LMXI [MRI ZMR EPF
6IH [MRI ZMR VS#Y
(V] [MRI ZMR WIG
7[IIX [MRI ZMR HYPGI
7LIVV] ZMR HI <IVIW
4SVX ZMR HI 4SVXS
0MUYIYV PMGLMSV
'LEQTEKRI #EQTERMI
;LMWO] [LMWO] WGS'MER
;LMWOI] [LMWO] MVPERHI^
7TMGIW GSRHMQIRXI
7EPX WEVI
4ITTIV TMTIV
:MRIKEV S'IX
1YWXEVH QY#XEV
(VIWWMRK WSWYVM #M GSRHMQIRXI
8LI HMWLIW ZIWIP, ZEWI
'VSGOIV] ZEWI (HI JEMER', GIVEQMG)
'YT GIE#G
+PEWW TELEV
.YK GER, YPGMSV
7EYGIV JEVJYVMSEV
4PEXI JEVJYVMI
(MRRIV TPEXI JEVJYVMI RXMRW
7SYT TPEXI JEVJYVMI EHRG
&VIEH TPEXI JEVJYVMI TIRXVY TMRI, TPEXSY
'YXPIV] XEGQYVM
7TSSR PMRKYV
8IE WTSSR PMRKYVM' HI GIEM WEY HI GEJIE
7SYT WTSSR PMRKYV HI WYT
(IWWIVX WTSSR PMRKYVM'
/RMJI GY'MX
*SVO JYVGYPM'
7EPX GIPPEV WSPRM'
1YWXEVH-TSX FSVGER HI QY#XEV
4ITTIV-TSX TMTIVRM'
'SVOWGVI[ XMVFY#SR
7EYGI-FSEX WSWMIV
7SYT-XYVIIR GEWXVSR HI WYT
7YKEV FEWMR ^ELEVRM'
2ETOMR #IVZI'IP
8SSXLTMGO WGSFMXSEVI
8EFPI-GPSXL JE' HI QEW
(VMROMRK WXVE[ TEM HI WSVFMX
%WLXVE] WGVYQMIV
;MRI-HIGERXIV GEVEJ HI ZMR
8IETSX GIEMRMG
'S2II-TSX MFVMG HI GEJIE
*PEZSYV EVSQ
:ERMPPE ZERMPMI
7XVE[FIVV] JVEK, GT#YR
6EWTFIVV] ^QIYV
*EX (H. QRGEVI, GEVRI) KVEW
0IER (H. QRGEVI, GEVRI) WPEF
8LMR (H. PMGLMHI) WPEF, HMPYEX
9RHIVHSRIR WRKI, RIJGYX
;IPP-HSRI(H. JVMTXYV)FMRI JGYX
3ZIVHSRIYWGEX, EVW
;EVQ/[EVQPMOI GEPH/GPHY'
*VIWL TVSEWTX
7XEPI (H. QRGEVI) ZIGLM
7E[ GVYH
7XVSRK XEVI
;IEO WPEF
*M^^] KE^SW, WTYQSW
&VS[R (H. TMRI)- RIEKV
4PEMR WMQTPY
7TMG] GSRHMQIRXEX
7EZSYV] (H. QRGEVI) TMGERX, WVEX, TMTIVEX
:EGERX (H. PSG, QEW) PMFIV
8EOIR (H. PSG, QEW) SGYTEX
7IQM-TVITEVIHWIQMTVITEVEXI
6IEH]-TEGOIHTVIEQFEPEXI
6IEH]-GSSOIHJSSHWKEXE TVITEVEXI
6IEH]-FSXXPIHQFYXIPMEXI
*VS^IRGSRKIPEXI
8MRRIHGSRWIVZEXI
% WPMGI SJ FVIEH/LEQ S JIPMI HI TMRI/#YRG
% PYQT SJ WYKEV S FYGEX HI ^ELV
% TMIGI SJ GEOI S FYGEX HI TVNMXYV
% TPEXIJYP SJ S JEVJYVMI HI
8S WXIEQ E 3IVFI
8S VSEWX E TVNM, E GSEGI
8S KVMPP E JVMKI PE KVXEV
8S JV] E TVNM
8S FEOI E GSEGI
8S FSMP E 3IVFI
8S WXMV E QIWXIGE
8S TSEGL E 3IVFI (H. I\. 3Y JV GSEN)
8S LIEX E RGP^M
8S WQSOI E EJYQE
8S 4EZSYV E GSRHMQIRXE, E EVSQEXM^E
8S WIEWSR (H. QRGEVI) E EWI^SRE, E TSXVMZM
8S IEX EX LSQI E QRGE EGEW
8S IEX SYX E QRGE R SVE# (PE VIWXEYVERX)
8S HVMRO XLI [MRI RIEX E FIE ZMRYP JV WMJSR
8S PE] XLI XEFPI E TYRI QEWE
8S GPIEV XLI XEFPI E WXVRKI QEWE
8S [EWL YT, XS [EWL XLI HMWLIW E WTPE ZEWIPI
8S VIWIVZI E XEFPI R EHZERGI E VI^IVZE S QEW R EZERW
8S FI SR E HMIX E 'MRI HMIX, VIKMQ
8S WPMQ/XS PSWI [IMKLX E WPFM
-PP XEOI. JSV XLI 3VWX GSYVWI TVMQYP JIP S W MEY
-PP LEZI/SVHIV.
%Q W GSQERH
;LEX [SYPH ]SY WE] XS.
'I-EM ^MGI HI.
;MPP ]SY TEWW QI XLI WEPX, TPIEWI#
:VI'M W-QM HE'M WEVIE, Z VSK#
1E] - LEZI ERSXLIV LIPTMRK SJ.#
4SX W QEM MEY S TSV'MI HI.#
;SYPH ]SY PMOI WSQI QSVI.#
1EM HSVM'M RM#XI.#
,EZI ]SY QEHI ]SYV GLSMGI#
:-E'M LSXVX# %'M EPIW#
2S, XLERO ]SY, - HSRX GEVI JSV. /RSX JSV QI, XLERO ]SY RY, QYP'YQIWG,
RY MEY, RY-QM TPEGI.
-Q EJVEMH MXW S2 VIKVIX, HEV RY QEM EZIQ
;LEX HS ]SY VIGSQQIRH#
'I-QM VIGSQERHE'M#
- GSYPH HS [MXL E WREGO E# HSVM/QM-EV TVMRHI FMRI S KYWXEVI
4SVO HMWEKVIIW [MXL QI RY-QM JEGI FMRI GEVRIE HI TSVG
-ZI LEH IRSYKL. 8LERO ]SY RY, QYP'YQIWG. 1-EQ WXYVEX.
2S QSVI (JSV QI). 8LERO ]SY QYP'YQIWG. 2Y QEM ZVIEY
7E] [LIR WTYRI GRH W Q STVIWG (HMR WIVZMX)
-Q RSX OIIR SR RY Q HEY R ZRX HYT
,IPT ]SYVWIPJ XS.
7IVZI#XI-XI GY.
1E] - S2IV ]SY.#
4SX W Z SJIV.#
(S ]SY JERG].#
:-EV TPGIE.#
- GERX WXERH MX RY WYTSVX EGIEWX QRGEVI
- HSRX PMOI MX IMXLIV RMGM EGIWX JIP RY-QM TPEGI
;MPP ]SY LEZI.#
%'M HSVM W WIVZM'M.#
)2+0-7, *33(
*SYV QIEPW E HE] EVI WIVZIH XVEHMXMSREPP] R &VMXEMR: FVIEOJEWX, PYRGL,
XIE ERH HMRRIV.
R QER] GSYRXVMIW FVIEOJEWX MW E WREGO VEXLIV XLER E QIEP, FYX XLI
XVEHMXMSREP )RKPMWL FVIEOJEWX, WIVZIH EX EFSYX IMKLX SGPSGO R XLI QSQMRK, MW
E JYPP QIEP. 7SQI TISTPI FIKMR [MXL E TPEXIJYP SJ TSVVMHKI, [MXL QMPO SV GVIEQ,
ERH WEPX SV WYKEV; SXLIVW QE] LEZI JVYMX-NYMGI, SV TIVLETW GSQ4EOIW SV WSQI
SXLIV GIVIEP. 8LIR GSQIW EX PIEWX SRI WYFWXERXMEP GSYVWI, WYGL EW LEHHSGO SV
JVMIH LIVVMRKW, SV FEGSR ERH IKKW FSMPIH, JVMIH SV TSEGLIH SV WEYWEKIW ERH
FEGSR, SV LEQ ERH IKKW. %JXIV[EVHW GSQIW XSEWX, [MXL FYXXIV ERH QEVQEPEHI
SV NEQ ERH TIVLETW WSQI JVYMX. 8LI QIEP MW [EWLIH HS[R [MXL XIE SV GS2II.
1ER] )RKPMWL TISTPI RS[ XEOI WYGL E JYPP FVIEOJEWX SRP] SR 7YRHE] QSQMRKW.
)RKPMWL PYRGL, [LMGL MW YWYEPP] WIVZIH EX SRI SGPSGO, MW FEWIH SR TPEMR,
WMQTP] GSSOIH JSSH. -X WXEVXW [MXL WSYT SV JVYMX-NYMGI. 8LIR JSPPS[W WSQI QIEX
SV TSYPXV] FIIJ, ZIEP, QYXXSR, PEQF, TSVO, GLMGOIR, HYGO [MXL TSXEXSIW,
FSMPIH SV VSEWX, ERH E WIGSRH ZIKIXEFPI (TVSFEFP] GEFFEKI SV GEVVSXW), ERH
=SVOWLMVI TYHHMRK.
%TTPI TMI MW E JEZSYVMXI W[IIX, ERH )RKPMWL TYHHMRKW, SJ [LMGL XLIVI EVI
ZEVMSYW X]TIW, EVI ER I\GIPPIRX IRHMRK XS E QIEP, IWTIGMEPP] R [MRXIV. -RWXIEH
SJ XLI TYHHMRK WSQI TISTPI QE] LEZI WXI[IH JVYMX SV GLIIWI ERH FMWGYMXW.
0EWX SJ EPP GS2II FPEGO SV [LMXI.
&YX [LEX WLEPP [I HVMRO [MXL SYV QIEP# 3J GSYVWI )RKPMWL FIIV,
TVIJIVEFP] FMXXIV SV TEPI EPI, SV GMHIV.
8IE, XLI XLMVH QIEP SJ XLI HE], MW WIVZIH FIX[IIR JSYV ERH 3ZI SGPSGO.
% TSX SJ XIE [MXL E NYK SJ LSX [EXIV, E NYK SJ QMPO ERH E FEWMR SJ WYKEV EVI
FVSYKLX MR. 8LMR WPMGIW SJ FVIEH ERH FYXXIV EVI LERHIH VSYRH, ERH GEOIW, NEQ
ERH GVIEQ. 8IE MW RSX EP[E]W WIVZIH EX XEFPI, JSV MX MW XLI QSWX WSGMEFPI QIEP
SJ XLI HE], ERH JVMIRHW ERH ZMWMXSVW EVI SJXIR TVIWIRX. 8LI QIQFIVW SJ XLI
XIE-TEVX] WMX VSYRH SR GLEMVW.
(MRRIV MW XLI QSWX WYFWXERXMEP QIEP SJ XLI HE]. 8LI YWYEP XMQI MW EFSYX
WIZIR SGPSGO, ERH EPP XLI QIQFIVW SJ XLI JEQMP] WMX HS[R XSKIXLIV. 7SYT MW
XLI 3VWX GSYVWI. 8LIR GSQIW XLI WIGSRH GSYVWI, 3WL WSPI, LEPMFYX, WEPQSR.
% NSMRX SJ QIEX, TIVLETW XLI VSEWX FIIJ SJ SPH )RKPERH, JSVQW XLI XLMVH GSYVWI,
WIVZIH [MXL ZIKIXEFPIW. 8LIR GSQIW XLI HIWWIVX: WSQI OMRH SJ W[IIX ERH
FPEGO SV [LMXI GS2II.
8LMW MW XLI XVEHMXMSREP SVHIV SJ QIEPW. &YX WSQI TISTPI R XLI XS[RW,
ERH RIEVP] EPP GSYRXV] TISTPI, LEZI HMRRIV R XLI QMHHPI SJ XLI HE] MRWXIEH SJ
PYRGL. 8LI] LEZI XIE E PMXXPI PEXIV, FIX[IIR 3ZI ERH WM\ SGPSGO, ERH XLIR R
XLI IZIRMRK, FIJSVI KSMRK XS FIH, XLI] LEZI E PMKLX WYTTIV.
8LYW XLI JSYV QIEPW SJ XLI HE] EVI FVIEOJEWX, HMRRIV, XIE WYTTIV SV
FVIEOJEWX, PYRGL, XIE, HMRRIV.
% 0-78 3* &6-8-7, 86%(-8-32%0 (-7,)7 %2( (6-2/7
&ERKIVW ERH 1EWL. 7EYWEKIW ERH QEWLIH TSXEXSIW. 8VEHMXMSREP TYF
HMWL.
'SVRMWL/(IZSRWLMVI 'VIEQ. 8LMGO, VMGL GVIEQ YWYEPP] WIVZIH SZIV JVYMXW
ERH HIWWIVXW.
'SVRMWL 4EWXV]. 7QEPP TEWXVMIW 3PPIH [MXL QIEX, SRMSR ERH TSXEXS.
(SZIV WSPI. 8LIVI EVI QER] VIGMTIW JSV XLMW HIPMGMSYW 3WL, FYX TIVLETW MX
MW FIWX [LIR TPEMR KVMPPIH.
*MWL ERH GLMTW. *VMIH 3WL ERH TSXEXSIW WIEWSRIH [MXL WEPX ERH ZMRIKEV.
% 3RI &VMXMWL MRWXMXYXMSR!
+MRKIVFVIEH. 7TMG] GEOI SJXIR QEHI R XLI WLETI SJ E QER ERH
HIGSVEXIH [MXL GYVVERXW.
+SSWI. % 'LVMWXQEW JEZSYVMXI.
,EQ. %W TSTYPEV JSV FVIEOJEWX EW MX MW JSV HMRRIV. 3JXIR WQSOIH.
,IVVMRK. (IPMGMSYW FEOIH, JVMIH, KVMPPIH SV WQSOIH (OMTTIVW).
-VMWL 7XI[. 1YXXSR, TSXEXSIW, GEVVSXW ERH SRMSRW.
0EQF. 4VITEVIH R QER] [E]W, FYX TIVLETW FIWX [LIR VSEWXIH ERH
WIVZIH [MXL QMRX WEYGI.
0SFWXIV. +VMPPIH, FSMPIH SV FEGOIH ERH WIVZIH R VMGL WEYGI.
1MRGI 4MIW. 7QEPP TMIW 3PPIH [MXL GYVVERXW ERH WTMGIW. % 'LVMWXQEW
JEZSYVMXI.
3]WXIVW. 7SQI WE] XLI VIEP VIEWSR .YPMYW 'EIWEV MRZEHIH &VMXEMR 2,000
]IEVW EKS [EW LMW EXXVEGXMSR XS XLI HIPIGXEFPI &VMXMWL S]WXIV. 7SQI SJ XLI
QSWX TVM^IH GSQI JVSQ 'SPGLIWXIV.
4SVVMHKI. &SMPIH SEXQIEP [MXL QMPO SV GVIEQ ERH 4EZSYVIH [MXL WEPX SV
WYKEV. % 7GSXXMWL FVIEOJEWX JEZSYVMXI.
6SEWX &IIJ. 8LI QSWX JEQSYW SJ &VMXEMRW REXMSREP HMWLIW. % JEZSYVMXI
GLSMGI JSV 7YRHE] PYRGL. 7IVZIH [MXL VSEWX TSXEXSIW, KVIIR ZIKIXEFPIW ERH,
SJ GSYVWI, =SVOWLMVI TYHHMRK.
7EPQSR. 7IVZIH LSX, GSPH SV WQSOIH. 7GSXGL WEPQSR MW XLI FIWX R XLI
[SVPH.
7GSXGL &VSXL. 8LMGO, GVIEQ] ZIKIXEFPI WSYT.
7XIEO ERH /MHRI] 4MI/4YHHMRK. % QM\XYVI SJ WXIEO, OMHRI] ERH
QYWLVSSQW. % TYF JEZSYVMXI.
7]PPEFYF. % VIJVIWLMRK HIWWIVX QEHI JVSQ FVERH], JVIWL JVYMX, [LMXI
[MRI SV WLIVV], GVIEQ ERH WYKEV.
8IE. % &VMXMWL [E] SJ PMJI. %PXLSYKL XVEHMXMSREPP] XIE XMQI MW
ETTVS\MQEXIP] 4 T.Q. E RMGI GYT SJ XIE MW PMEFPI XS FI TVSHYGIH EX ER] XMQI
SJ XLI HE], YWYEPP] EGGSQTERMIH F] FMWGYMXW ERH/SV GEOIW.
,MKL 8IE MW E QIEP ]SY [SYPH I\TIGX XS KIX R E 7GSXXMWL SV 2SVXL
'SYRXV] KYIWXLSYWI MRWXIEH SJ HMRRIV. -X GSQFMRIW EJXIVRSSR XIE (FVIEH ERH
FYXXIV, GEOIW, FMWGYMXW, IXG.) [MXL GSPH QIEX ERH/SV E LSX HMWL.
8VM4I. % HIWWIVX SJ GEOI, JVYMX, ERH WLIVV] WIX R NIPP] ERH XSTTIH [MXL
GYWXEVH, WIVZIH [MXL [LMTTIH GVIEQ.
8VSYX. +VMPPIH, TSEGLIH SV JVMIH, SRI SJ XLI QSWX HIPMGEXIP] 4EZSYVIH
VMZIV 3WL.
=SVOWLMVI 4YHHMRK. 7EZSYV] FEOIH FEXXIV. 8VEHMXMSREP EGGSQTERMQIRX XS
VSEWX FIIJ.
&MXXIV. 'PIEV ERH KSPHIR, MX MW XLI QSWX TSTYPEV SJ &VMXMWL HVEYKLX FIIVW.
7IVZIH F] XLI TMRX SV LEPJ-TMRX.
&VS[R %PI. % HEVO, W[IIX FSXXPIH FIIV.
1MPH %PI. (EVO, JYPP-4EZSYVIH HVEYKLX FIIV. 0S[ R EPGSLSPMG GSRXIRX.
7SQIXMQIW GSQFMRIH [MXL FMXXIV.
4EPI %PI. % WPMKLXP] 3^^] FSXXPIH FIIV.
'MHIV. *IVQIRXIH ETTPI NYMGI. 3JXIR UYMXI WXVSRK WS FI[EVI!
-VMWL 'S2II. % QM\XYVI SJ GS2II, [LMWOI] ERH WYKEV HVYRO XLVSYKL E XST
PE]IV SJ GVIEQ.
;LMWO]. 1IPPS[, KSPHIR 7GSXGL [LMWO] MW XLI FIWX R XLI [SVPH.
*%8
,IEZ] KVIY, KVEW
1EWWMZI QEWMZ
3ZIV[IMKLX WYTVETSRHIVEP
'SVTYPIRX GSVTSPIRX
3FIWI SFI^
7XSYX WSPMH, KVSW
7SPMH WSPMH
&YPO] QEVI, ZSPYQMRSW, ZSMRMG, KVISM
(YQT] FSRHSG
4PYQT HYVHYPMY, KVWY', VSXSJIM
8,-2
7OMRR] WPFRSK
9RHIV[IMKLX WYFTSRHIVEP
7PIRHIV ^ZIPX
7PMQ WPEF
'SSOMRK MRWXVYQIRXW ERH XLI [E]W SJ GSSOMRK
8S WXIEQ GEWWIVSPI (GEWIVSP)
8S JV] JV]MRK TER (XMKEMI)
8S TSEGL GSSOMRK TSX (SEP HI KXMX)
8S KVMPP KVMPP (KVXEV)
8S FSMP WEYGITER (GVEXM')
8S LIEX QMGVS[EZI SZIR (GYTXSV GY QMGVSYRHI)
R E WYTIVQEVOIX
% FS\ SJ GIVIEPWE GEVXSR SJ QMPO
% FEK SJ SRMSRWE TEGO SJ GMKEVIXXIW
% GER SJ WSYTE WM\-TEGO SJ WSHE
% FSXXPI SJ SMPE FYRGL SJ 4S[IVW
% NEV SJ TIERYXWE FEV SJ WSET
% XYFI SJ XSSXLTEWXIE WPMGI SJ FVIEH
R E VIWXEYVERX
% FS\ SJ *VIRGL-JVMIWE KPEWW SJ [EXIV
% TMIGI SJ XSEWXE FS[P SJ GIVIEP
% GYT SJ GS2IIE GYT SJ MGI-GVIEQ
% QYK SJ FIIV
8LI 'LERKMRK )EXMRK ,EFMXW SJ %QIVMGERW
1SWX TISTPI XLMRO XLEX XLI X]TMGEP 2SVXL %QIVMGER HMIX GSRWMWXW SJ JEWX
JSSHW LEQFYVKIVW ERH *VIRGL JVMIW. -X EPWS MRGPYHIW GSRZIRMIRGI JSSHW,
YWYEPP] JVS^IR SV GERRIH, NYRO JSSH [MXLSYX QYGL JSSH ZEPYI GERH],
TSXEXS GLMTW, GIVIEP ERH WS SR. 8LMW HMIX MW ZIV] LMKL R WYKEV, WEPX, JEX FYX
RSX R ZMXEQMRW.
,S[IZIV, IEXMRK LEFMXW EVI GLERKMRK. 2SVXL %QIVMGERW EVI FIGSQMRK
QSVI MRXIVIWXIH R KSSH LIEPXL ERH RYXVMXMSR MW ER MQTSVXERX TEVX SJ LIEPXL.
4ISTPI EVI IEXMRK PIWW VIH QIEX ERH JI[IV IKKW, ERH XLI] EVI IEXMRK QSVI
GLMGOIR ERH 3WL. *SV LIEPXL VIEWSR, QER] TISTPI EVI EPWS FY]MRK QSVI VE[
ZIKIXEFPIW. 8LI] QE] IEX XLIQ [MXLSYX GSSOMRK XLIQ 3VWX SV XLI] QMKLX
GSSO XLIQ UYMGOP] R ZIV] PMXXPI [EXIV FIGEYWI XLI] [ERX XS OIIT XLI
ZMXEQMRW.
8LI X]TMGEP 2SVXL %QIVMGER HMIX RS[ MRGPYHIW JSSH JVSQ QER]
HM2IVIRX GSYRXVMIW. %X PYRGLXMQI, QER] TISTPI KS XS IXLRMG JEWX-JSSH TPEGIW
JSV 1I\MGER XEGS, 1MHHPI )EWXIVR JEPEJIP SV 4LMPMTTMRI PYQTME.
R XLI JYXYVI XLI %QIVMGERW [MPP WXMPP FY] GSRZIRMIRGI JSSHW FYX JVS^IR
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8S WPMT E EPYRIGE
8S JEPP/XS FI XEOIR MPP E WI QFSPRZM
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8S I\EQMRI E I\EQMRE, E GSRWYPXE
8S XEOI/XS JIIP WSQIFSH]W TYPWI E PYE TYPWYP GYMZE
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% 3 STIVEX HI.
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8S WXE] R FIH E WXE R TEX
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8S TEVEP]WI E TEVEPM^E
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6IQIQFIV: XLI GLEVKI HITIRHW SR XLI RYQFIV SJ [SVHW; WS XV] XS GSRZI]
]SYV QIWWEKI R EW JI[ [SVHW EW TSWWMFPI. =SY GER EPWS HMGXEXI E XIPIKVEQ
SZIV XLI XIPITLSRI.
-J ]SY [ERX XS TSWX ER SVHMREV] PIXXIV, E TSWXGEVH SV E WQEPP TEVGIP, ]SY
RIIHRX KS XS XLI TSWX-S5GI, ]SY GER HVST MX MRXS XLI RIEVIWX PIXXIV-FS\.
R &VMXEMR XLIWI FS\IW EVI IMXLIV 3\IH R XLI [EPP, SV XLI] EVI MVSR
G]PMRHIVW TEMRXIH VIH, GEPPIH TMPPEV-FS\IW, WXERHMRK F] XLI OIVFWXSRI. 8LI XMQI
SJ XLI RI\X GSPPIGXMSR MW MRHMGEXIH SR E PMXXPI TPEXI, [LMGL MW GLERKIH F] XLI
TSWXQER IZIV] XMQI LI GSQIW XS GSPPIGX PIXXIVW. R GMXMIW TMPPEV-FS\IW EVI
IQTXMIH WIZIVEP XMQIW E HE], FYX R ZMPPEKIW XLIVI QE] FI SRP] SRI SV X[S
GSPPIGXMSRW.
8LI PIXXIV [LSWI VIGIMZIVW EVI YRORS[R EVI IMXLIV VIXYQIH XS XLI
WIRHIV SV GEVVMIH XS XLI HIEH-PIXXIV S5GI.
-J ]SY [ERX ]SYV PIXXIV XS EVVMZI QSVI UYMGOP] XLER F] SVHMREV] TSWX, ]SY
GER WIRH MX F] %MV 1EMP.
;LIR ]SY WIRH E TEVGIP, ]SY LERH MX XS XLI EWWMWXERX, [LS [IMKLXW MX SR
XLI WGEPIW. =SY TE] EGGSVHMRK XS XLI [IMKLX SJ XLI TEVGIP ERH XLI GPIVO KMZIW
]SY E VIGIMTX. 8LIR, MJ XLI TEVGIP MW PSWX SV WXSPIR, ]SY GER GPEMQ TE]QIRX
JVSQ XLI TSWX-S5GI.
(S ]SY [ERX XS LEZI E GSRZIVWEXMSR [MXL E JVMIRH SJ ]SYVW [LS PMZIW R
ERSXLIV XS[R# 8LIR ]SY QEOI E PSRK-HMWXERGI GEPP. =SY IMXLIV EWO XLI
STIVEXSV XS GSRRIGX ]SY, SV, MJ ]SYV JVMIRH PMZIW R E FMKKIV XS[R ]SY QE] HMEP
XLI GEPP ]SYVWIPJ. =SY HMEP 3VWX XLI GSHI RYQFIV JSV XLI XS[R XLEX ]SY EVI
GEPPMRK ERH XLIR XLI RYQFIV SJ XLI WYFWGVMFIV.
-J ]SY QEOI E PSGEP GEPP, ]SY KS MRXS XLI XIPITLSRI-FS\ ERH PMJX XLI
VIGIMZIV. ;LIR ]SY LIEV XLI HMEPPMRK XSRI MRHMGEXMRK XLEX RSXLMRK MW [VSRK SR
XLI PMRI, HMEP XLI RYQFIV ]SY [ERX. ;LIR ]SY LIEV VETMH TMTW, ]SY TVIWW R
XLI GSMR, ERH XLIR ]SY GER WTIEO.
)\XVE
0IXXIVW. R &VMXEMR PIXXIVW EVI FVSYKLX JVSQ TMPPEV-FS\IW XS E ,IEH SV
&VERGL 4SWX-35GI [LIVI XLI] EVI WSVXIH. 8LIR XLI] EVI GEVVMIH XS XLIMV
HIWXMREXMSR ERH HIPMZIVIH. R XS[RW XLIVI EVI WIZIVEP GSPPIGXMSRW ERH
HIPMZIVMIW E HE]. 8LI PIXXIVW [LSWI VIGIMZIVW EVI YRORS[R EVI IMXLIV VIXYQIH
XS XLI WIRHIVW SV GEVVMIH XS XLI HIEH-PIXXIV S5GI. 8LIVI EVI EPWS VIKMWXIVIH
PIXXIVW ERH TVMRXIH QEXXIV.
0IXXIVW EVVMZI QSVI UYMGOP] F] VIKMWXIVIH TSWX ERH GSQTIRWEXMSR MW
S2IVIH R GEWI SJ PSWW SV HEQEKI.
(SGYQIRXW ERH TETIVW SJ PMXXPI SV RS QSRIXEV] ZEPYI QE] FI WIRX F]
VIGSVHIH HIPMZIV]. 6IGSVHIH HIPMZIV] MW TEVXMGYPEVP] WYMXEFPI [LIR E VIGSVH SJ
TSWXMRK ERH HIPMZIV] MW RIIHIH VEXLIV XLIR GSQTIRWEXMSR JSV PSWW.
8IPITLSRI. ;LIR ]SY EVI RSX E XIPITLSRI WYFWGVMFIV, ]SY QYWX KS XS E
GEPP-FS\. -J ]SY GERRSX YWI XLI HMEP XIPITLSRI, XLI I\GLERKI TYXW ]SY XLVSYKL
XS ]SYV GSVVIWTSRHIRX, FYX ]SY QYWX RSX JSVKIX XS WE] ]SYV RYQFIV 3KYVI F]
3KYVI ERH VIQIQFIV XLEX XLI 3KYVI S (RSYKLX) MW VIEH EW XLI PIXXIV S.

7*6"-8