Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Manualul Electricianului
Manualul Electricianului
electricianului
Revizuit
1.19
ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
Revision : 1.19
Author : Silviu V.
Cuprins
1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
5
5.1
5.2
6
6.1
6.2
7
7
7
18
20
35
36
36
46
46
46
47
Tragerea cablurilor .
Introducere.......................... 47
Reguli privind tragerea cablurilor in atelier si pe nava .. 47
Etapele necesare conectarii cablurilor . 49
Concepte generale ............ 50
Cerinte generale privind tragerea cablurilor 52
Conectarea echipamentului ... 53
Fisa de lucru .... 53
Inceputul lucrarii de conectare ..... 53
Motoare de conectare ...
54
Etichetarea cablurilor ..... 58
Impamantarea echipamentelor si conditiile EMC ..... 59
De ce ?.. 59
4.1.1 Generalitati ...
59
4.1.2 Impamantarea principala de referinta.... 59
4.1.3 Protectie pamant (PE) ..... 60
4.1.4 Instrumentare / Siguranta de impamantare intrinseca (IE/IS) ..
60
4.1.5 Legarea .. 60
Cablarea ..
61
4.2.1 Terminatiile cablurilor .....
61
4.2.1.1 Ansamblul de cabluri .....
61
4.2.1.2 Terminatii .
62
4.2.1.3 Conductori de rezerva ...
62
Cablul de prindere cablare si ecran / conexiuni impamantare ...
62
Sertizate de conectare elemente; Cupluri de fixare pe conexiuni 66
Metoda de sertizat .. 66
Cuplu maxim de fixare pentru conexiunile de pe terminalele de echipamente electrice
66
Instructiuni de iluminat. 67
General .... 67
Sistemul AC 220 V n cabine, sala de mese, camera mainilor, posturile de comand,
67
depozite si locuri de munca .
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102
9.1 Plan de penetratii critice si a zonei de sudura ... 110
9.2 Orientri i cerine privind reducerea efectelor electromagnetice ale instalaiilor
electrice de pe vase .... 118
Puntea EMC ..
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ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
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Author : Silviu V.
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Cablu / Teava
Diam. mm
15
20
3,5 4,5
4,5 5,5
5,5 6,5
6,5 7,5
7,5 8,5
8,5 9,5
9,5 10,5
10,5 11,5
11,5 12,5
12,5 13,5
13,5 14,5
14,5 15,5
15,5 16,5
16,5 17,5
17,5 18,5
18,5 19,5
19,5 20,5
20,5 21,5
21,5 22,5
22,5 23,5
23,5 24,5
24,5 25,5
25,5 27,5
27,5 29,5
29,5 31,5
31,5 33,5
33,5 35,5
35,5 37,5
37,5 39,5
39,5 41,5
41,5 43,5
43,5 45,5
45,5 47,5
47,5 49,5
49,5 51,5
51,5 53,5
53,5 55,5
15/4
15/5
15/6
15/7
15/8
15/9
20/4
20/5
20/6
20/7
20/8
20/9
20/10
20/11
20/12
20/13
20/14
20/15
20/16
30
30/12
30/13
30/14
30/15
30/16
30/17
30/18
30/19
30/20
30/21
30/22
30/23
30/24
ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
A
40
40/22
40/23
40/24
40/25
40/26
40/28
40/30
40/32
40/34
B
60
90
120
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
60/32
60/34
60/36
60/38
60/40
60/42
60/44
60/46
60/48
60/50
60/52
60/54
15
20
10
10
10
10
9
8
18
18
17
17
16
15
14
13
13
12
11
10
9
Revision : 1.19
Author : Silviu V.
Greutate in grame
30 40
60
90
36
36
35
34
33
31
30
28
27
25
24
22
21
57
57
54
54
50
47
42
37
32
120
131
127
122
116
110
104
98
91
84
77
61
59
Etansari pentru cabluri / tevi 49,5 69,5 diametru acum disponibil numai in gama de etansari aditionala
69,5 71,5
71,5 73,5
73,5 75,5
75,5 77,5
77,5 79,5
79,5 81,5
81,5 83,5
83,5 85,5
85,5 87,5
87,5 89,5
89,5 91,5
91,5 93,5
93,5 95,5
95,5 97,5
97,5 99,5
99,5 101,5
90/70
120/72
120/74
120/76
120/78
120/80
120/82
120/84
120/86
120/88
120/90
120/92
120/94
120/96
120/98
120/100
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
204
494
485
472
462
448
437
425
415
403
385
368
360
351
332
313
NOTA:
Etansarile sunt furnizate in jumatati.
Sunt necesare doua etansari pentru a izola un cablu/o teava.
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Invelisuri de ajustare
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Referinta etansare
20/ 4 8
20/ 9 13
30/14 18
30/19 23
40/24 28
40/29 33
60/34 38
60/39 43
60/44 48
90/50 58
90/60 68
ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
Greutate
Grame / half
23
24
46
43
71
63
150
139
126
348
321
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PIESE REZERVA
Desemnare piesa Greutate in gram
Marime
Latime(A)=Inaltime(A)
5x5
24x5/0
58
numai in benzi de 24buc
10x10
12x10/0
113
numai in benzi de 12buc
15x15
15/0
20
20x20
20/0
38
30x30
30/0
84
40x40
40/0
150
60x60
60/0
338
90x90
90/0
766
120x120
120/0
1374
180x180
180/0
2990
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ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
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Garnituri de tip U
Garnitura de tip U se foloseste pentru
convertirea dimensiunilor externe ale
garniturilor de etansare, pieselor de
ajustare si garniturilor de rezerva in
marimea modulara ulterioara.
Spre exemplu o garnitura de
etansare de 30/15 poate fi largita
pozitionand-o intr-un U40 si un U60,
rezultand noua dimensiune de 60/15.
Dimensiune
U 30
30
20
15
U 40
40
30
20
U 60
60
40
30
U 90
90
60
45
U 120
120
90
60
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U 30
20/0
U 40
U 30
20/0
U 60
U 40
U 30
20/0
U 90
U 60
U 40
U 30
20/0
U 120
U 90
U 60
U 40
U 30
20/0
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ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
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Author : Silviu V.
Componente
Tabla de compresare
Tablite
separatoa
re
PTG-Chit de etansare
STG-Chit de etansare capat
Instalat intre tabla de compresare
si partea de sus a ramei,
completand izolarea. Fabricat de Lycron
cu oel galvanizat moale sau accesorii
din otel inoxidabil.
Greutate in kg
STG PTG Tabla compresare
0,60 0,82
0,24
Tablita
0,13
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ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
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Accesorii
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ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
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1.3.2 ROXTEC
Rama Roxtec RGS este o rama de metal disponibila in regim
de cate o deschidere sau n combinaii cu mai multe orificii n lime
i nlime.
A se utiliza cu componentele Group RM
Atasament prin sudare
SE PPS accesoriu disponibil pentru sigilii de tevi din plastic
S Frame
Rame
S 6x1 primed
S 6x2 primed
S 6x3 primed
S 6x4 primed
S 6x5 primed
S 6x6 primed
S 6x1 AISI 316
Deschiza
turi rame
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
Spatiu
impac.
(mm)
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
Dimensiuni externe
(D=60mm)
HxW (mm)
HxW (in)
238x141
9.370x 5.551
238x271
9.370x10.669
238x402
9.370x15.827
238x532
9.370x20.945
238x663
9.370x26.102
238x793
9.370x31.220
238x141
9.370x 5.551
Greuta
te
(kg)
(lb)
3.3
7.363
5.5 12.147
7.7 16.909
9.8 21.671
12.0 26.455
14.2 31.217
3.3
7.363
Art. Nr.
S006000000112
S006000000212
S006000000312
S006000000412
S006000000512
S006000000612
S006000000121
Chit
Chit 120 galv
Chit 120 galv AISI 316
Dimensiuni externe
W (mm)
W (in)
120
4.724
120
4.724
Greutate
(kg)
(lb)
0.8
1.764
0.8
1.764
Art. No.
ARW0001201018
ARW0001201021
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Tablita
Tablita
Tablita 120 galv
Tablita 120 galv AISI 316
Art. No.
ASP0001200018
ASP0001200021
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1.3.3 RISE
Trecerile multiple de cabluri RISE
sunt
o
alternativa
pentru
componentele turnate si sistemele de garnituri folosite in peretii si puntile etanse.
Foarte usor de instalat.
Economie de timp, economie de spatiu, economie de greutate.
Aportul foarte limitat de parti distincte face acest sistem usor de manevrat pe site. Se
face uz de insertii de cauciuc (plasate in jurul cablurilor) si furtune pline. Insertiile de
cauciuc FRR/LEHF (cauciuc rezistent la foc/grad scazut de dilatare, fara emisii de
halogen) isi extind de 5-10 ori volumul original atunci cand sunt expuse la foc. Pe
ambele laturi de penetrare se aplica un strat de FIWA etansant (rezistent la foc,
hidrorepelent).
Doar componente fara emisii de halogen.
Trecerile multiple de cabluri RISE ofera cel mai simplu mod de instalare.
Nu este necesara o pozitionare precisa a cablurilor in tranzit. Sistemul de etansare
RISE permite cablurilor sa fie conduse prin deschideri de conduita in cai indoite,
curbate sau oblice fr nici un impact negativ asupra performanei etansarii.
Sistemul de etansare RISE ofera acces usor spre adaugarea sau
inlaturarea cablurilor ntr-o etap ulterioar, fr a fi necesar s demontai
intreaga trecere .
Doar tiati o bucat din stratul FIWA de pe ambele laturi de trecere, tragei de
cablu i umplei deschiderea n stratul izolant.
Este atat de simplu!
Este atat de simplu! Doar plasati insertiile taiate pe lungimea mansoanelor in jurul
cablurilor, umpleti orice spatiu liber cu mansoane goale si izolati-l pe afara pe ambele
fete. Nu e nevoie de specialisti. Ce putea fi mai usor? Calculati corect, salvati timp si
bani. Cereti videoclipul de instalare care prezinta cum o masurare de tranzit de
450x130 mm cu 63 de cabluri se izoleaza in 40 de minute.
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ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
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mansoane si etansari
Tip
Diametru
manson cablu
12/6
14/8
16/10
18/12*
20/14
22/16
27/19*
31/23
35/27
39/31
46/36
52/42
58/48
64/54
70/60
57
79
9 11
11 13
13 15
15 17
17 21
21 25
25 29
29 33
33 39
39 45
45 51
51 57
57 63
Lungime
manson
(standard)
Lungime
manson
(standard)
Grosime
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
perete
dimensions in mm
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TRANZITURI MULTIPLE DE
CABLURI - RISE: SISTEMUL DE
ETANSARE RAPID
2)
Dupa ce cablurile au fost
trase,mufele de inserare RISE
se aplica in jurul fiecarui cablu.
Mufele de inserare
sunt
despicate pe lungime si pot fi
astfel fixate in jurul cablurilor in
partea anterioara a canalului
conductor.
Vezi deasupra.
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4)
Impingeti
mufele
de
inserare/umplere prin canalul
conductor in asa fel incat sa lasati
20 mm liberi in spatiul anterior.
Intregul set de mufe de inserare si
de umplere ar trebui sa se fixeze
bine
in
canalul
conductor
pentru a oferi suficienta
stabilitate mecanica.
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deschizatura
si
si indepartati
rugina sau
inainte de a
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NU ESTE NEVOIE DE O
EXTRA-IZOLARE
IN
PARTEA ANTERIOARA A
TRECERII SI/SAU INTRE
CABLURI
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A0-A60 / H0-H120
CABLU DE
TRANZIT
PERETI ETANSI
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NU ESTE NEVOIE DE O
EXTRA-IZOLARE IN
PARTEA ANTERIOARA A
TRECERII SI/SAU INTRE
CABLURI
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A0-A60 / H0-H120
CABLU DE
TRANZIT
PERETI ETANSI
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Numar de
Cabluri/tevi
a-b (mm)
a-b (in)
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0+ 3.0 11.0
0+ 3.5 10.5
0+ 4.0 14.5
0+ 3.5 16.5
0+ 10.0 25.0
0+ 21.5 34.5
0+ 9.5 32.5
0+ 28.0 54.0
0+ 24.0 54.0
0+ 48.0 71.0
0+ 67.5 99.0
0+ 0.118 0.433
0+ 0.138 0.413
0+ 0.157 0.571
0+ 0.138 0.650
0+ 0.394 0.984
0+ 0.846 1.358
0+ 0.374 1.280
0+ 1.102 2.126
0+ 0.945 2.126
0+ 1.890 2.126
0+ 2.657 3.898
Dimens
ext. (mm)
HxW
(D=60mm)
15 x 15
15 x 40
20 x 20
20 x 40
30 x 30
40 x 40
40 x 40
60 x 60
60 x 60
90 x 90
120 x 120
Art. Nr.
RM00100151000
RM00115401000
RM00100201000
RM00120401000
RM00100301000
RM00100401000
RM00140101000
RM00100601000
RM00160201000
RM00100901000
RM00101201000
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S 1x1 primed
Spatiu
impac.
(mm)
60x 60
S 2x1 primed
S 2x2 primed
S 2x3 primed
S 2x4 primed
S 2x5 primed
S 2x6 primed
1
2
3
4
5
6
60x120
60x120
60x120
60x120
60x120
60x120
121x141
121x271
121x402
121x532
121x663
121x793
4.764x 5.551
4.764x10.669
4.764x15.827
4.764x20.945
4.764x26.102
4.764x31.220
2.2
3.9
5.5
7.1
8.7
10.3
4.938
8.488
12.037
15.609
19.158
22.707
S002000000112
S002000000212
S002000000312
S002000000412
S002000000512
S002000000612
S 3x1 primed
120x 60
180x 80
7.087x 3.150
2.3
5.071
SS03000000112
S 4x1 primed
S 4x2 primed
S 4x3 primed
S 4x4 primed
S 4x5 primed
S 4x6 primed
S 4x7 primed
S 4x8 primed
S 4x9 primed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
120x120
120x120
120x120
120x120
120x120
120x120
120x120
120x120
120x120
180x 141
180x 271
180x 402
180x 532
180x 663
180x 793
180x 924
180x1.054
180x1.185
7.087x 5.551
7.087x10.669
7.087x15.827
7.087x20.945
7.087x26.102
7.087x31.220
7.087x36.378
7.087x41.496
7.087x46.654
2.8
4.7
6.6
8.5
10.3
12.2
14.1
16.0
17.9
6.151
10.318
14.484
18.629
22.796
26.962
31.129
35.296
39.440
S004000000112
S004000000212
S004000000312
S004000000412
S004000000512
S004000000612
S004000000712
S004000000812
S004000000912
S 6x1 primed
S 6x2 primed
S 6x3 primed
S 6x4 primed
S 6x5 primed
S 6x6 primed
S 6x7 primed
S 6x8 primed
S 6x9 primed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
180x120
238x 141
238x 271
238x 402
238x 532
238x 663
238x 793
238x 924
238x1.054
238x1.185
9.370x 5.551
9.370x10.669
9.370x15.827
9.370x20.945
9.370x26.102
9.370x31.220
9.370x36.378
9.370x41.496
9.370x46.654
3.3
5.5
7.7
9.8
12.0
14.2
16.3
18.5
20.7
7.363
12.147
16.909
21.671
26.455
31.217
35.979
40.763
45.525
S006000000112
S006000000212
S006000000312
S006000000412
S006000000512
S006000000612
S006000000712
S006000000812
S006000000912
S 8x1 primed
S 8x2 primed
S 8x3 primed
S 8x4 primed
S 8x5 primed
S 8x6 primed
1
2
3
4
5
6
240x120
240x120
240x120
240x120
240x120
240x120
298x
298x
298x
298x
298x
298x
11.732x 5.551
11.732x10.669
11.732x15.827
11.732x20.945
11.732x26.102
11.732x31.220
3.9
6.1
8.2
10.4
12.6
14.7
8.620
13.382
18.144
22.928
27.690
32.452
S008000000112
S008000000212
S008000000312
S008000000412
S008000000512
S008000000612
Rama
Deschiza
turi rama
Dimensiuni ext.
(D=60mm)
HxW (mm)
HxW (in)
121x 80
4.764x 3.150
141
271
402
532
663
793
Greuta
te
(kg)
(lb)
1.6
3.527
SS01000000112
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Art. Nr.
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Roxtec RM ES si module RM PE
Roxtec RM ES si modulele Roxtec RM PE se
RM
pentru
folosesc cu grupul de rame
instalatii EMC. Modulele contin
o folie
conductoare care stabileste o impedanta de
transfer redus de 360 grade in contact cu cablul
de ecranare. Roxtec RM ES contine de
asemenea un cauciuc conductor de ecranare,
care
protejeaz
mpotriva
cmpurilor
electromagnetice.
Protejeaza mpotriva RFI, i egalizeaza
diferenele de potenial
Pentru utilizarea cu componentele Group RM
si accesoriile EMC.
Roxtec RM ES B si modulele RM PE B
Roxtec RM ES B si modulele Roxtec RM PE B difera de la standardul ES si
modulele PE avand folia conductoare in partea din spate a modulului, si nu la mijloc.
Aplicatii tipice sunt cand doar una din parti se confrunta cu pericole.
Pentru utilizarea cu ramele Group RM si accesoriile EMC
Folie conductoare in partea posterioara pentru o instalare usoara
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*) Sfat inteligent: Oricand este posibil va recomandam alegerea unor module gemene
sau triplet ca RM20w40 sau RM15w40.
Beneficiile sunt o arie de eficienta chiar mai mare pentru deschizaturile de rame,
instalare mai rapida si o eficienta a costurilor mai buna.
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2. Tragerea cablurilor
2.1 Introducere
Acest capitol este folosit ca suport pentru tragerea cablurilor la bord. Capitolul are la
baza reguli ale mai multor societati de clasificare si standarde de montaj.
Este posibil ca Registrele Externe sa aibe opinii diferite. Societatea de clasificare
trebuie sa fie notificata anterior daca exista neclaritati privind acest capitol pentru
orice proiect.
Acest capitol va fi utilizat drept ghid pentru planul general de tragere a cablurilor.
Acesta este un document general ce contine articole variate care trebuie luate n
considerare la realizarea acestui plan de tragere cabluri.
Trebuie sa luati in considerare de asemenea ca pentru vapoare diferite, exista de
asemenea reguli diferite.
Asadar trebuie sa verificati intotdeauna regulamentele companiilor de clasificare si
regulile conforme cu proiectul.
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WRONG
RIGHT
Cable
Cable
Cable
R
Fig.2.3 Explicatie privind categoria R in functie de diametrul D al cablului
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CORECT
Attention:
1. Please respect the curving radius for the cable
min. 10 mm
CABLE ROUTE
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GRESIT
min. 10 mm
CABLE ROUTE
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2.5
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3. CONECTAREA ECHIPAMENTULUI
3.1 Fisa de lucru
Urmatoarea fisa de lucru este necesara pentru inceperea conectarii echipamentului:
Liste/desene de conectare ale echipamentului care urmeaza a fi conectat.
Instructiunile producatorului (daca exista) pentru conectare/instalare
(ex.
pentru echipament comunicatii).
Diagrame conexiuni standard pentru articole de echipament care apar frecvent
(ex. alarme incendiu, telefoane sau difuzoare).
3.2 Inceperea lucrarii de conectare
Inainte de a incepe lucrarea de conectare, echipamentul trebuie cautat pentru
defecte. Articolele de echipament deteriorate nu trebuie instalate. Orice deteriorare
trebuie raportata la Damen Schelde si trebuie inscrisa pe lista de articole sau
cabluri ca observatie.
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Bordul terminal
Conexiune DELTA ()
Reprezentare
Bordul terminal
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Bordul terminal
Bordul terminal
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Bordul terminal
Bordul terminal
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Motoare cu 2 viteze
Con
Coef. Cone
Frecventa
Numar
Viteza
Terminale
xiune
ect.
vitez
50Hz 60Hz de poli
Motoare cu 2 viteze Cuplu constant(/YY) pentru vinci
Rev/Min 1.500 1.800
4
1
1U, 1V, 1W
Dahl. Low
High Rev/Min 3.000 3.600
2
2
YY
2U, 2V, 2W + 1U,1V,1W(Y)
Rev/Min
750
900
8
1
1U, 1V, 1W
Dahl. Low
High Rev/Min 1.500 1.800
4
2
YY
2U, 2V, 2W + 1U,1V,1W(Y)
Rev/Min
500
600
12
1
1U, 1V, 1W
Dahl. Low
High Rev/Min 1.000 1.200
6
2
YY
2U, 2V, 2W + 1U,1V,1W(Y)
Motoare cu 2 viteze Cupla cu margini de inaltare (Y/YY) pentru pompe, ventilatoare
Rev/Min 1.500 1.800
4
1
Y
1U, 1V, 1W
Dahl. Low
High Rev/Min 3.000 3.600
2
2
YY
2U, 2V, 2W + 1U,1V,1W(Y)
Rev/Min
750
900
8
1
Y
1U, 1V, 1W
Dahl. Low
High Rev/Min 1.500 1.800
4
2
YY
2U, 2V, 2W + 1U,1V,1W(Y)
Rev/Min
500
600
12
1
Y
1U, 1V, 1W
Dahl. Low
High Rev/Min 1.000 1.200
6
2
YY
2U, 2V, 2W + 1U,1V,1W(Y)
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4.2 Cablarea
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4.3
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Toate cablurile intrand sau iesind din monturi (prin rama de baza), trebuie s
treac si sa fie prinse cu ajutorul uneia dintre urmtoarele: rame Multi Cable
Transit (MCT) si piese de impachetare, Marcon EMC Multigate, garnituri sau
tablite cu garnituri EMC. Vezi figurile 2 si 3.
Un sistem alternativ de prindere cablare poate fi folosit cu conditia ca acesta sa fie
acceptat de Societatea de Clasificare a vasului si conform proiectului.
Daca aranjamentul contine doar echipament care este testat conform IEC 60945, nu
exista nicio cerinta de ecranare de 360 de grade pentru cablurile de teren.
Intr-un astfel de caz, adecvat ar fi sa conectati ecranul (codita) la bara de
impamantare potrivita, si sa sigilati intrarea cablului pentru a indeplini gradul de
protectie (IP xx).
Schita de mai jos prezinta cmpul i cablul de alimentare a conexiunii ecranului in
cabinetul de terminatii de teren.
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5.1
Metoda de sertizat
5.2
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6. INSTRUCTIUNI DE ILUMINAT
6.1
Generalitati
Iluminare normala
Iluminare de urgenta
Iluminare adaptiva
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CORECT :
Cabluri de cupru stocate la loc uscat
INCORECT :
Cabluri de cupru stocate in aer liber
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Tot ce aveti
nevoie
Ganditi-va la siguranta dvs.
Respectati mediul
folositi materiale aprobate
eliminati deeurile n conformitate cu
normele locale
Va respectati pe voi insiva
va luati toate masurile necesare pentru a
va proteja
Respectati procedurile
lucrati intr-un spatiu curat
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1. Gata de a incepe
Asigurai-v c imbinarea cablului este compatibila cu coditele casetelor de lipire.
Aezai panoul ntr-o zon confortabil. Scoateti capacul casetei de lipit. Pregatiti
fibra pentru a fi lipita.
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3. Pregatirea cablului
Asigurati-va ca respectivul cablu are lungimea corecta. Indepartati aprox. 130cm de
tub folosind instrumentul i lasand fibrele expuse. Indepartati gelul (daca exista) din
fibre utilizand alcool si hartie.
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Va recomandam urmatoarele
lungimi:
Codita 126 cm
Cablu 126 cm
6. Alegerea fibrelor
Incepeti cu cea mai exterioara fibra. Acordati atentie la selectarea corecta a tuturor
fibrelor in functie de culoare.6
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7. Despicarea fibrelor
Sunt disponibile diverse instrumente pentru despicat.
Succesul operatiei de imbinare depinde foarte mult de operatia de despicare.
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8. Fixarea lipiturii
Pozitionati fibra despicata in lipitura asigurandu-va ca terminatia despicata este
aproape de electrodul de ardere.
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Rezultatul arderii !
Oribil !
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Imbinare protejata
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Figure 1
Figure 2
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parte de tip spray) utilizat pentru alte tipuri de cabluri care pot ajunge accidental n
contact cu cablurile de date.
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Pentru a reduce i mai mult fora de traciune n cablul de instalare in timpul derularii,
este recomandabil s asistati procesul de derulare prin rotirea tamburului. Asta
insemnand, ori de cte ori este posibil, ca tamburul sa fie derulat manual.
7.4 Raza de indoire
n fiele tehnice ale productorilor de cablu raza de ndoire este definita ca un multiplu
al diametrului cablului exterior. (A se vedea extrasul dintr-o fisa de date a unui cablu
de date de mai jos.) Exista doua raze de indoire minime relevante: una pentru
asezarea cablului de instalare i una pentru cablul de instalare odat ce a fost instalat
(fara solicitari mecanice).
Raze de indoire pentru cabluri de instalare din cupru:
Raza de indoire minima
Tip de cablu
Categorie Instalare
U/UTP (UTP)
Cat. 5e
42 mm
U/UTP (UTP)
Cat. 6
63 mm
REAL10-U/UTP
Cat. 6
70 mm
F/UTP (FTP)
Cat. 5e
50 mm
SF/UTP (S-FTP)
Cat. 5e
52 mm
REAL10-U/FTP
Cat. 6
60 mm
REAL10-S/FTP (S-STP) Cat. 6
60 mm
REAL10-S/FTP (S-STP) Cat. 7
60 mm
Instalat
25 mm
50 mm
60 mm
50 mm
50 mm
50 mm
50 mm
50 mm
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Cat. 5
Cat. 6
Cat. 7
REAL10 U/UTP
50 mm
60 mm
70 mm
70 mm
Revision : 1.19
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25 mm
50 mm
50 mm
60 mm
Atunci cnd razele de ndoire sunt prea inguste, mai ales la instalarea cablului, pot
altera structura mecanic a perechilor rsucite ntr-un cablu, i astfel pot avea un
efect negativ asupra caracteristicilor de transmisie ale cablului (mai ales NEXT,
FEXT i RL).
Atunci cnd razele de ndoire a fibrei sunt prea inguste n timpul instalrii i, de
asemenea, n canalul de cablu i cutiile de distributie pot aparea micro fisuri.
Aceasta duce la o atenuare mai mare si va scadea drastic durata de via a fibrei.
Raza de ndoire trebuie s fie verificata n mod constant atunci cnd se fixeaza un
cablu de instalare. O fixare neprofesionala, de exemplu, peste marginile de
conducte de perete, ingusteaza caile cablului, i rsucirea cablului n timp ce este
tras, trebuie s fie evitata. Prin urmare, locatiile critice trebuie tratate cu maxima
grija. Va recomandm testarea aleatorie a razei de ndoire admisibile n cadrul
sistemelor de cablare generice dup instalare.
n cazul unui deficit al razei prevazute, intinderii cablului de instalare sau al unei daune
cauzate de terti, acceptanta va fi refuzat i nlocuirea cablului este necesara in cazul
unor proceduri de instalare gresite, i anume: buclare, raza de ndoire, intindere,
torsiune care duc la deteriorarea cablului, acestea vor fi considerate responsabilitatea
instalatorului.
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Aceste
cabluri sunt
dificil de
tras !
INCORECT
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CORECT
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7.5 Securitate
Instalatorul trebuie s ia toate msurile de siguran necesare, cum ar fi purtarea
hainelor de protectie i a ochelarilor de protecie i observarea semnelor de
avertizare sau barierelor, pentru a se asigura c personalul necesar si protectia
echipamentului pentru el si partile terte este furnizat. Legile si reglementarile
nationale aplicabile privind sigurana trebuie s fie ntotdeauna respectate.
n plus fa de raspunderea juridica, n fiecare este, de asemenea, responsabil pentru
sntatea lui.
Legislaia actual ofer planificatorilor responsabilitatea pentru sigurana proiectului,
n timp ce proprietarul cldirii este de ateptat s respecte diversele normele cu
privire la sigurana infrastructurii electrice a cladirii.
7.6 Reteaua de management cablu (cupru sau fibra)
Exist diferite posibiliti de conducere a cablurilor de instalare de la intrarea lor la
cabinetul distribuitor la modulele de conectare. Este nevoie sa se stie sigur c
cablurile sunt eliberate de tensiuni, si legate ntr-o bucl, care s permit elementelor
rotative sa fie deschise din fa i scoase cu uurin (rezervele de cablu sunt utilizate
pentru ntreinerea sau actualizarea ulterioara de la Cat. 5e la Cat 6).
CORECT :
Buna gestionare a cablurilor, oferind rezerve suficiente de cablu
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INCORECT :
Gestionare a cablurilor fr
rezerve de cablu (fara cabluri
nefixate, slabite)
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INCORECT :
Gestionare a cablurilor cu prea
multe rezerve de cablu (cabluri
slabite)
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Date tehnice
Sarma admisibila
0,4 mm (AWG 26) to 0,57 mm (AWG 23)
Sarma admisibila Flex
(AWG26/7) to (AWG23/7); (0.120.26 mm2)
Izolare admisibilamax. 1.60 mm
Material izolator
PE, Cell-PE
Jack cablu
4.5 mm 8.0 mm
Tulpina cablu
> 50 N
Potrivit pentru cablu plat
Nu
Potrivit pentru cablu rotund Da
Folie numai pentru cablurile: U/FTP, F/UTP
Banda de metal trebuie s fac contact cu toate elementele de pe cablul ecranat
inclusiv srma de drenaj.
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Cablu U/FTP
7.9 Problemele caracteristice sistemelor de cablare generice
O surs major de probleme este fixarea incorecta a capetelor modulelor R&M de
conectare. V rugm urmai instruciunile de instalare nchise pentru legarea
corecta a modulului de conectare.
Legare corecta
Legare incorecta
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Instalare
Asezati cablurile de instalare cu atenie urmand instruciunile instalatorului sau
proiectantului
Aezai cablurile, nu letrageti in interior (forta de tractiune max. conform
furnizorului de cablu)
Aplicati foarte putina tensiune sau presiune asupra colierului cablului.
Utilizai cablarea 568 A pentru potentiale valori imbunatatite
Respectati banda de indoire
Evitati indoirea sau ciupirea
Echipamentul de testare
Calibrare anuala
Controale vizuale zilnice nainte de utilizare
Conform productorului i standardelor cablurile adaptor trebuie sa evite posibila
dereglare a masuratorii
Intotdeauna tratati adaptorul Cat. 6 cu bucati-test de cabluri
Frecvent s inspecteze i s compare coerenta rezultatului testului
8. CODUL CULORILOR
Codul culorilor este in conformitate cu CENELEC HD30825.
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9. Schita puntii EMC E0740.01 DS Planul puntii EMC si alte documente numai
pentru referinta
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General
n general, patrunderile in partile longitudinale sunt mult mai critice dect n partile
transversale. De asemenea, patrunderile in puntea-G, puntea dublului fund, invelis
i pereii principali longitudinali sunt mult mai critice dect n punile gemene fiind
relativ mai aproape de axa neutr a structurii.
Recomandari
n ceea ce privete riscul de fisurare o trebuie sa acordati o atentie deosebita
pentru zonele cu stres ridicat. n special zonele ca puntea de rezistenta, invelisul
din jurul hublourilor, orificiile de admisie i de evacuare, puntea dublului fund din
treceri, pereii longitudinali etani principali n jurul uilor i trecerilor trebuie s fie
bine luate n considerare. Aceast atenie trebuie s se reflecte n poziionarea bine
luate n considerare i fixarea trecerilor, fundaiilor i suportilor foarte departe de
concentraiile de stres. n general, punile gemene nu necesit msuri speciale, din
cauza poziiei lor relative n raport cu axa neutr i nivelului durabil de stres mai
sczut.
Detaliat
Trecerile prin sudurile i imbinarile invelisului, puntea de rezistenta, i tanktop sunt
inadmisibile. Trecerile prin bloc i imbinarile unitatilor de iesire de pe puntile gemene
sunt inadmisibile. Trecerile din imediata apropiere a deschizaturilor mai mari ale punii
sunt localizate n zona umbrit a acestor deschideri, pe ct de departe este posibil.
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1.
1.1.
Introducere;
Domeniul de aplicare a Normelor Marinei Regale
2.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
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1. Introducere
1.1. Domeniul de aplicare a Normelor Marinei Regale
Normele Marinei Regale furnizeaz un rezumat al orientrilor i cerinelor pentru a
reduce influenele electromagnetice n instalatiile electro-tehnice, pe navele Marinei
Regale Olandeze.
Aceste norme inlocuiesc cerintele si regulile mentionate in documentele
VVKM 330 versiunea 1993.
Aceste norme trebuie s fie aplicate de ctre departamentele Marinei,santierele
navale, companiile de instalare i societile de producie ca punct de plecare n
ingineria, construirea, ntreinerea i livrrile de instalatii si componente electrotehnice.
n cazurile n care normele Marinei Regale nu furnizeaz informaii complete sau
lipsite de ambiguitate n ceea ce privete soluiile tehnice, contactai responsabilul.
Nu se poate face nicio abatere de la normele Marinei Regale, fara permisiunea n
scris a comitetului.
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Nivel
LV/DC/Pulse HF
1V 1mV
Foarte sensibil
10V
Sensibil
Sensibilitate
scazuta, putin
perturbant
3V
Perturbant
Foarte sensibil si
foarte perturbant
Insensibil,
neperturbant
1000V
Aplicatie
100mV
24V
30V
Foarte perturbant
Grup
1000V
Cabluri sincronizare
Cabluri
video
Cabluri
stroboscop
Cabluri marker
Cabluri impuls energetic minim
Controlul amplificator banda larga
Semnale asimetrice digitale la nivel scazut sau
simetrice la nivel inalt
Cabluri de alimentare servo
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Distanta de separare in cm
I
0
25
25
50
50
0
25
25
25
50
0
25
25
25
0
25
25
50
0
25
25
25
50
0
25
50
50
0
II
0
0
15
30
30
0
0
15
15
30
0
0
15
15
0
0
15
30
0
0
15
15
30
0
15
30
30
0
III
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
5
10
15
0
5
5
10
0
5
10
15
0
5
10
15
20
0
10
20
20
0
Grup
A
Grup
Z
B
C
D
E en F
Z
A
C
D en F
E
Z
D
B
A, E en F
Z
C en E
B en F
A
Z
D
C
B
A en F
Z
B,C en D
A en E
F
A, B, C, D, E en F
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2.8.2. Aplicare
a) Legarea la pamant este ceruta in instalatii de 50V DC si AC;
b) n cazul in care in cadrul instalatiei se detecteaza o problema la impamantare,
legarile la pamant trebuie s fie efectuate pentru instalaii de tensiune inferioara, de
asemenea;
c) Carcasele aparatelor si componentelor cu izolatie dubla nu pot fi legate la pamant;
d) Pe lng carcasele aparatelor si componentelor, mai multe componente vor fi
legate la pamanat, (transformatoare, relee, etc)
Registration number at the Register of Commerce Galati: J17/213/1999, Fiscal Code: R 11632363
Bank: RBS BANK - ROMANIA, GALATI, IBAN Code: RO69ABNA1800264100096454
128 / 131
ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
Revision : 1.19
Author : Silviu V.
3000kVA
Direct spre bara magistrala 70mm
Intr. circuit 200A70mm
1000A
Intr. circuit 80-600A
25mm
Intr. circuit 63A
6mm
Pana la
Pana la
1500kVA
70mm
70mm
3000kW
70mm
70mm
25mm
6mm
25mm
6mm
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ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
Revision : 1.19
Author : Silviu V.
Camerele / spaiile care sunt situate una lng cealalt vor fi considerate ca o
singur camer electronica. Cablurile dintre aceste locaii nu trebuie s fie legate
la pmnt la zidul dintre aceste ncperi;
n timpul construciei de camere electronice se vor folosi capul si tablitele, care
sunt sudate la construcia navei;
Peretele camerelor electronice / spaiile sunt executate din metal, i pot fi
conectate la capat si placute;
o Sudare, sudare continua
o Lipire, lipire continua
o conexiuni nituite, suprapunerea va fi de cel puin 50mm si 50mm distanta
Conexiunea niturilor ar trebui s fac suficient contact electric;
Usile vor fi executate din metal;
Deschiderile de ventilare trebuie s fie executate cu grile de metal;
Conductorii retelei de impamantare vor fi instalate n capul metalic, conectat la 360
la construcia navei;
Registration number at the Register of Commerce Galati: J17/213/1999, Fiscal Code: R 11632363
Bank: RBS BANK - ROMANIA, GALATI, IBAN Code: RO69ABNA1800264100096454
ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
Revision : 1.19
Author : Silviu V.
Registration number at the Register of Commerce Galati: J17/213/1999, Fiscal Code: R 11632363
Bank: RBS BANK - ROMANIA, GALATI, IBAN Code: RO69ABNA1800264100096454
130 / 131
ELECTRICIANS MANUAL
Revision : 1.19
Author : Silviu V.
Registration number at the Register of Commerce Galati: J17/213/1999, Fiscal Code: R 11632363
Bank: RBS BANK - ROMANIA, GALATI, IBAN Code: RO69ABNA1800264100096454