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Adjectivul in Limba Engleză
Adjectivul in Limba Engleză
Comparativul de Inferioritate
Se construiete n mod diferit pentru adjective scurte i pentru adjective lungi. Pentru
adjective scurte se construiete astfel:
"NOT" + "SO" + ADJECTIV + "AS"
Exemplu:
He is not so tall as you are.
Pentru adjectivele lungi se construiete astfel :
"LESS" + ADJECTIV + "THAN"
Exemplu:
The bed is less comfortable than the bath .
Ideea de comparativ de egalitate mai poate fi obinut i prin construcia:
THE SAME + SUBSTANTIV + AS
Expresia este valabil numai cu schimbarea valorii gramaticale din substantiv n adjectiv i numai
pentru dimensiuni astfel:
size
Big
Small
length
Long
Short
depth
Deep
Shallow
hight
Tall
Short
breadth
Wide
Narrow
strength
Strong
Weak
weight
Heavy
Light
Exemplu:
This room is as big as the other one
This room is the same size as the other one.
Comparativul de Egalitate3/28/96
Att pentru adjectivele lungi ct i pentru cele scurte se construiete astfel:
" AS " + ADJECTIV + " AS "
Exemplu:
Comparativul de Superioritate
Pentru adjectivele scurte se formeaz astfel:
------- Adjectivul n Limba Englez --------
sly - slyer
Superlativul Relativ
Se formeaz n mod analog i pentru adjectivele lungi i pentru cele scurte astfel:
"VERY" + ADJECTIV
Exemplu:
He is very brave and has a very interesting option .
Uneori la superlativ se poate nlocui VERY cu EXTREMELY sau cu BITTERLY,
AWFULLY, TERRIBLY:
I am bitterly ( awffully , terribly , extremely ) sorry .
Superlativul Absolut
Pentru adjectivele scurte se construie[te astfel:
"THE" + ADJECTIV + SUFIX "EST"
Pentru adjectivele lungi se construie[te astfel:
"THE" + "MOST" + ADJECTIV
Exemplu : The most important person you are .
Observatii
Unele adjective nu pot avea grade de compara]ie pentru c ele reprezint superlativul
absolut:
Excellent
great
Wonderful
Glorious
unique
Marvellous
own
Exceptional
Splendid
perfect
Alte adjective nu pot avea grade de comparaie pentru c sunt formate cu ajutorul unor
prefixe sau sufixe.
Super - superfine
Ultra ultramodern
over oversize
Less - matchless
Less priceless
------- Adjectivul n Limba Englez --------
ADJECTIVE INTEROGATIVE
Adjectivele interogative sunt: WHAT (ce), WHICH (care), WHOSE (cui), HOW
MUCH (ct), HOW MANY (cte).
Se folosesc att pentru persoane ct i pentru lucruri. Ele pot fi urmate att de singular ct i
de plural.
Exemplu:
What book do you read?
What girl comes with you ?
What exercises do you like?
What girls come with you ?
Diferena dintre WHAT i WHICH este aceea c WHICH se foloseste pentru selecia dintr-un
numr limitat de variante alegnd un singur lucru (din putin, putin) n timp ce WHAT alege dintr-un
grup nelimitat.
Exemplu:
What is your favourite book?
Which is your favourite sport - swimming or tennis?
How Much
Se folosete pentru substantive nenumrabile:
Exemplu:
How much luggage do you have ?
How Many
Se folosete pentru substantive numrabile:
Exemplu:
How many books do you want?
ADJECTIVE
RELATIVE
Fac relaia ntre subiectul prezent n propoziia principal i amnuntele care se dau despre el
n propoziia ulterioar. Formele lor sunt:
WHAT, WHICH, WHOSE, WHATEVER, WHICHEVER
Exemplu:
I have a lot of books and I can give you whatever you want.
Mary is the girl whose blouse is white .
ADJECTIVE NEHOTARATE
Some
Are sensul de ceva, niste, civa, vreun, puin. Se folose[te n urmtoarele mprejurri:
n propoziii afirmative
I give you some information.
n propoziii interogative pentru a exprima o ofert sau o invitatie:
Would you like some coffee?
n propoziie interogativ la care se ateapt un rspuns afirmativ :
Can you give me some money?
n propoziii interogative cnd intrebarea nu se refer la some:
Why did you tell me those words some days ago?
n propoziii negative cnd nelesul propoziiei este afirmativ:
I never visit my friends without some flowers!
Cu ntelesul de precis, anumit (certain):
Some (certain) people prefer jazz .
Compuii lui "SOME" sunt:
1. somebody, someone (cineva)
2. something (ceva)
------- Adjectivul n Limba Englez --------
3.
somewhere (undeva)
Any
Se folosete n urmtoarele contexte:
nlocuitor al lui SOME n propoziia intrerogativ:
Is there any bread in the kitchen?
Cu adverbe cu sens negativ: hardly (cu greu), scarcely (de abia), barely (aproape deloc):
I hardly (scarcely, barely) eat anything.
n propoziii afirmative n care sensul este de orice, oricare sau oricine:
Any girl has a boyfriend.
n propoziii n care exist dubiu asupra rspunsului:
I don't think there is any place for you.
Se folosete n propoziii dup IF:
If I find any books I tell you.
n propoziiile negative n care verbul este negat:
I don't want any food.
Compuii lui "ANY" sunt:
1. anybody , anyone (orcine)
2. anything (orice)
3. anywhere (oriunde)
No
Either, Neither
Au sensul de "fiecare din doi" respectiv "nici unul din doi":
Either me or my brother is right. Neither is good.
Few , A Few
FEW se folosete pentru substative numrabile i nseamn "ALMOST NOTHING", iar A
FEW se folosete tot pentru substative numrabile dar are sensul de "cel puin civa" - "AT
LEAST SOME":
My friend is sad because he has few friends here.
I am happy because I have a few friends.
Little, A Little
Au sensul de "ALMOST NOTHING" respectiv "AT LEAST SOME" dar se folosesc pentru
substative nenumrabile:
I am happy as I have a little money.
I am unhappy because I have little money.
------- Adjectivul n Limba Englez --------
ADJECTIVELE COMPUSE
A blue-eyed girl.
An old-fashioned car.
A dark-haired man. An air-conditioned room.
Ele se vor comporta ca adjectivele lungi cnd fac gradele de comparaie.
Din ce n ce ...
Pentru adjectivele scurte se folosete:
COMPARATIV + "AND" + COMPARATIV
Exemplu:
I feel better and better.
Pentru adjectivele lungi se folosete:
"MORE" + "AND" + "MORE" + ADJECTIV
Exemplu:
He is more end more intelligent.
EXPRESII DE COMPARAIE
As black as coal ( crbune )
As blind as a bat
As brave as a lion
As busy as a bee
As cold as ice
As white as snow
As wise as Solomon
As fresh as a daisy (margareta)
As dry as a bone
As cool as a cucumber
As pale as a ghost
As hairy as a gorilla
As regular as a clock
As smooth as grass
As soft as silk
Such
Se folosete cu substative nenumrabile la singular n cazul n care este urmat de articolul 'A':
Exemplu:
He is such a man.
Dac nu este urmat de de articol va fi urmat de substantive numrabile la plural sau de
substantive nenumrabile:
Exemplu:
Where have you seen such movies?
I can't go out in such weather!
Uneori such este folosit pentru a arta admiraia sau dezaprobarea:
Exemplu:
Such results are unexpected!
The Other
Se poate folosi att cu substantive la plural ct i cu substantive la singular.
Exemplu:
I come in and the other girl comes with me.
The other children play in the garden.
Dac este urmat de substantivul "DAY" expresia are sensul de "ACUM CTEVA ZILE".
Exemplu:
I bought a camera the other day.
All
ALL indic o cantitate ntreag i cnd se pune direct n faa subtantivului face referire la
ntregul grup (la modul absolut)
Exemplu:
All pupils hate school.
Dac este ns urmat de THE se refer numai la o parte din grup.
Exemplu:
All the pupils in my class dislake my form teacher.
ALL poate fi urmat de adjectiv demostrativ sau posesiv.
Exemplu:
All my friends are here.
All these people are good.
ALL va fi urmat mereu de substantiv nenumrabil sau de substantiv numrabil la plural:
All the information is good.
All the books are good.
Whole
Va fi urmat mereu de substantiv numrabil la singular.
Exemplu:
The whole show was a success.
Diferena dintre WHOLE i ALL este c WHOLE este un adjectiv mai puternic.
My whole life...
ADJECTIVE NEREGULATE
Good
Bad
Ill
Much
Many
Near
Better
Worse
Worse
More
More
Nearer
Old
Older
The best
The worst
The worst
The most - numai pentru substantive nenumrabile
The most - pentru substative numrabile
Nearest - se refer la distan
The next - se refer la apropiere
The oldest
------- Adjectivul n Limba Englez --------
Old
Elder
Little
Far
Far
Late
Less
Farther
Further
Later
n afara adjectivelor neregulate cunoscute mai exist i unele mai puin ntlnite:
out outer the outmost
Fore - former - the foremost
in inner the inmost
Up - upper - the upmost
Observa]ii
!!! Cnd exist dou (situaii, alternative, persoane) primul nu va fi "the first" ci va fi "THE
FORMER" iar ultimul nu va fi "the last" ci "THE LATTER".
Pentru fiine
Numr+Adjectiv atributiv+Marime+Vrst+Origine+Substantiv
Exemplu: