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ADVERBUL N LIMBA ENGLEZ

Adverbul determin un verb sau un adjectiv. Exemplu:
She spoke quietly.
^-------She was extremely nervous.
-------------^
Atenie, adjectivul determin un substantiv i un verb care trebuie s fie
sau verbul TO BE
sau un alt verb de percepie senzorial care poate fi nlocuit prin
TO BE. Aceste verbe pot avea sens concret fiind determinante
pentru adverb sau sens abstract fiind determinante pentru
adjectiv
to seem, to apear, to look, to sound, to taste, to smell, to feel
Exemplu:
She looks happy (she is happy)
She looks at me happily (she has a happy look)
Adverbul se formeaz din:
ADVERB + SUFIXUL LY
Atenie, nu toate cuvintele terminate n LYsunt adverbe

Modificri ortografice

Dac adjectivul din care provine adverbul se termin n E acesta se

pstreaz naintea lui LY
extreme - extremely
Nice nicely
Large - largely

Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n LE E este

nlocuit cu Y
Capable capably
gentle gently

Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n IC se adaug

ALLY
automatic- automatically
Enthusiastic - enthusiastically

Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n L acesta se

dubleaz i se adaug LY
beautiful - beautifully
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n LL se adaug doar
Y
full - fully
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n Y indiferent dac
este precedat de consoan sau vocal, se transform Y n I [i se adaug
LY cu cteva excepii
shy - shyly
sly - slyly
wry wryly
coy - coyly

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

1. Adverbe care au dou forme dar acelai neles

bright - brightly
sound - soundly

Cheap cheaply
dear dearly

dead - deadly
fair - fairly

The sun is shining bright.

The sun is shining brightly
Singura diferen ca sens este la CHEAP care este ntotdeauna folosit cnd
avem verbele TO GET, TO BUY sau TO SELL iar pentru celelalte verbe este
folosit CHEAPLY.
I bought cheap.
We travelled cheaply.

2. Adverbe care au dou forme cu n]elesuri diferite

clear
close
deep
clean
direct
easy
free
full
hard

Clearly
Closely
Deeplly
Cleanly
Directly
Easily
Freely
Fully
hardly

ntr-o manier curat

ndeaproape
profund
ntr-o manier curat
at once, deodat
ntr-o manier uoar
ntr-o manier deschis
completely
de abia, cu greu, aproape deloc

high
just
large

right, corect
aproape
adnc
n ntregime
arat direcia de micare
uor
gratis
ntreg
din greu, mult, cu mare
efort
sus
ntocmai
ntins

highly
justly
largely

late
Most
Near
Pretty
Right
Sharp

trziu
majoritatea
aproape
foarte
exact
fix

lately
mostly
nearly
preattly
rightly
sharply

very much
in a resonable manner
in a great extend, mainly,
preponderent, deplin
de curnd
n special, mai degrab, rather
aproape cu sens abstract
ntr-o manier drgu
cuvenit
ntr-o manier brusc, brutal,
dur
pe scurt

Short
abrupt
Exemple:

shortly
They got clean away.
We are closely related with him.
Ill fly directly to London (immediately).
Take it easy.
We talked freely.
I was fully aware of it.
I can hardly wait.
I work hard.
I am highly appreciated.
In a justly manner.
Their attempt was largely successfull.
Mostly I go to the cinema then to the theatre.

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

3
I nearly fell.
I was pretty busy.
They rightly assume that.
Shortly, I was interested about it.

3. Adverbe care au aceeai form cu adjectivul

Alike
Little
Past

alone
next
straight

Fast
Only
Early

far
outside

La acestea se adaug prima form a adverbelor de la punctele 1 i 2.

Gradele de comparaie ale adverbelor

Adverbele fac gradele de comparaie conform adjectivelor din care provin. Nu
toate adverbele pot avea ns grade de comparaie ci numai adverbele de mod, cteva
din cele de timp i de frecven.
Adverbele care au aceeai form cu adjectivul (EARLY, FAST, LATE)
fac gradele de comparaie ca i adjectivul din care provin
Adverbele care provin din adjectiv i sufixul LY fac gradele de comparaie cu
MORE i THE MOST exact ca i adjectivele lungi.
Toate modificrile ortografice de la adjective se respect i la adverb.

Comparaia neregulat
n locul lui GOOD avem adverbul WELL.
well
better
the best
badly
worse
the worst
far
farther
the farthest
little
less
the least
much
more
the most
near
nearer
the nearest

Adverbe speciale
Adverbele speciale sunt adverbe cu sens negativ i nu permit folosirea altei
negaii n propoziia care le conine, precum i a unui pronume nehotrt cu sens
pozitiv.
Hardly
barely
Scarcely
de abia
cu greu
Aproape deloc
Atenie la ntrebarea disjunct care trebuie pus n pozitiv dac propoziia
principal cuprinde unul din adverbele negative mai sus menionate.
I barely have any friends here, have I.
Alte adverbe speciale sunt:
quite
Fairly
rather
pretty
toate nsemnnd foarte pentru c au sensul de VERY. Sunt adverbe speciale
pentru c sensul n care sunt folosite este extrem de sensibil

Fairly
-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

4
Nu se combin cu comparative. Are sensul de destul de
Your story is fairly interesting.
Povestea ta este interesant dar nu extrem de interesant.
!!! Toate aceste adverbe determin un adjectiv dar FAIRLY nu poate determina un
adjectiv dect n grad pozitiv.

Pretty
Se folosete numai ntr-un limbaj amical, prietenesc.
I am pretty hungry

Quite

Este mai puternic dect FAIRLY. Se poate folosi att cu adjective care nu au
grade de comparaie ct i cu adverbe, caz n care are sensul de absolut, complet
He is quite dead.
Poate fi urmat de A / AN sau deSOME
He is quite a man and he has quite some importance for me.
Rather
Este mai puternic dact QUITE i FAIRLY i poate s fie att precedat ct
urmat de A / AN.
This is a rather difficult problem.
This is rather a difficult problem.
Diferena dintre RATHER i QUITE este de sens n anumite formulri. Astfel
RATHER se prefer pentru aprecieri negative iar QUITE se prefer pentru
aprecieri pozitive.

Much i Far

Sunt adverbe de intensificare care se combin de obicei cu comparativul i

superlativul.
The exercise is far more difficult than I expected.
The exercise is much more difficult than I expected.

A Lot
Se va folosi numai cu comparativ
It is a lot warmer today then it was yesterday.

Too i Enough

Se traduc prin prea respectiv destul. Poziia lui TO este n faa

adjectivului sau adverbului iar poziia lui ENOUGH este dup adjectiv sau adverb.
This exercise is too difficult for me.
I arrive early enough.
Dac ENOUGH este determinant al unui substantiv el se poate plasa n faa acestuia.
I have enough money to buy the toy.

So i Such

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

5
Sunt adverbe de ntrire. Diferena ntre ele este c SO este urmat de adjectiv,
adverb sau de substantiv precedat de MUCH, MANY, LITTLE n timp ce
SUCH este urmat numai de substantiv.
This book is so interesting.
This man speaks so quickly.
I have so many friends.
He is such a man of honour.
I have done such difficult exercises

Adverbe interogative cu poziie iniial

Acestea sunt:
When

why

where

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

how

Topica Propoziiei

Poziie iniial
Adverbele interogative
when
why
How old is he?

where

how

Adverbele din propoziiile exclamative

How well you speak English
Here comes the chief

Adverbul interogativ i negativ YES i NO

Adverbele de mod sunt folosite pe poziii iniiale atunci cnd se dorete

ntrirea contextului sau creearea suspansului
slowly
gently
quickly
Slowly he entered the room and started to cry.

Adverbe de loc se folosesc pe prima poziie cnd se face o delimitare clar

pentru a se evita ambiguitile
In the country, most people work on the farm

Adverbele de timp definit se folosesc pe prima poziie atunci cnd se

dorete ntrirea (sublinierea) timpului fie pentru evitarea aglomerrii de
adverbe la sfritul propoziiei
Yesterday I saw her in the park at 10 oclock in the morning.

Locuiunile adverbiale ocup mereu poziia iniial

by now
till now
up to now
before now
until then
sooner or later
at present
at last
at first
how long
just now

untill now
every day
How much

Cnd adverbul OFTEN este subliniat i este precedat de VERY sau

QUITE el ocup poziia iniial
Quite often we travel by car.

Adverbele de frecven definit ocup poziie iniial cnd se dorete

evitarea ambiguitilor
Once a year I buy him one or two books he likes

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

Adverbe care datorit folosirii lor pe poziia iniial duc la

inversarea predicatului cu subiectul

Adverbe negative care pot s ocupe poziie iniial atrag dup sine
inversarea predicatului cu subiectul
no sooner
nowhere
not until
neither
little
In no circumstances
scarcely
hardly
barely
rarely
never
Never has she understood him.
No sooner had I enter then she arived

Adverbe restrictive ca ONLY

Only by leraning the lesson did he succeed in getting good marks.

Poziia median

Adverbe de frecven neregulat se aeaz ntotdeauna ntre subiect i

predicat excepie fcnd acele construcii cu verbul TO BE (care nu
separ subiectul de predicat) sau predicate formate din dou verbe.
I have never meet her.

Adverbe de mod
bravely
simply

cruelly
generously

foolishy

He simply refused to come.

Adverbe de timp nedefinit

He has recently moved.

Adverbe care reprezint punctul de vedere al vorbitorului

You perhaps met him

Poziie final
Pe poziia final adverbele au urmtoarea ordine:
Adv. de mod (cum?) + Adv. de loc (unde?) + Adv. de timp(cnd?)

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------