Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
-JIU
FACULTATEA DE TIINE JURIDICE I LITERE
2
Ist YEAR OF STUDY
GRAMMAR
1. TYPES OF VERBS
1.1.Verbe auxiliare
1.1.1. DO
1.1.2. BE
1.1.3. HAVE
1.2. Verbe semi-auxiliare
1.3. Verbe modale
1.4. Verbe modale
1.5. Verbe semi-modale
1.6. Verbe regulate i neregulate
1.7. Expresii verbale
3
1.1. THE AUXILIARY VERBS (VERBELE AUXILIARE)
A. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
B. EXERCIII
Categoria verbului este una dintre cele mai importante categorii din gramatica
limbii engleze. Verbele din limba englez au mai multe sub-categorii printre acestea fiind
verbe auxiliare i verbe semiauxiliare.
Aceste verbe auxiliare i semiauxiliare pot avea valori diferite. De exemplu, to
have, to be i to get sunt folosite att ca verbe principale cu neles de sine stttor dar, n
acelai timp, pot s i piard nelesul de baz atunci cnd nsoesc alte verbe n
alctuirea timpurilor verbale compuse. n acest caz ele adopt nelesul verbelor pe care le
nsoesc.
4
Verbele auxiliare au anumite caracteristici:
1. Atunci cnd fac parte din anumite structuri gramaticale ele i pierd nelesul
de baz i l iau pe cel al structurilor din care fac parte.
4. Trebuie tiut faptul c verbele auxiliare sunt folosite att cu formele lungi ct i cu
cele contrase. Formele lungi sunt folosite mai ales n engleza oficial n timp ce
formele scurte pot fi ntlnite mai mult n engleza de zi cu zi.
5
Formele contrase ale verbelor auxiliare la afirmativ nu pot fi folosite n urmtoarele
situaii:
n rspunsuri scurte:
n propoziii interogative:
A. TO BE
6
Are you coming with us?
He is not the right person for you.
2. o necesitate, o obligaie:
7
Eg.: You are to report to the commander at 12 a.m.
B. TO HAVE
2. Verbul HAVE poate fi folosit cu sensul de a mnca, a se simi bine, sau a lua:
8
3. Atunci cnd este folosit ca verb auxiliar, TO HAVE ajut, la fel ca i TO BE, la
formarea timpurilor compuse cum ar fi: prezentul continuu, trecutul continuu, viitorul
continuu, prezentul perfect, mai-mult-ca perfectul etc.
C. TO DO
9
Eg.: Do you like this book?
I did come here for nothing.
ATENIE!
10
n general verbul do are sensul de a se implica ntr-o activitate:
Eg.: What are the children doing? They are making little cookies.
DO
Do bussiness; do harm; do good; do ones best; do the garden; do a good job; do
the shopping; do a favour; do the washing up; do repairs; do ones duty; do someone a
good turn; do an exercise; do ones hair; do homework; do an examination; do justice; do
research; do something for the living etc.
MAKE
Make a journey; make an experiment; make a speech; make the best of it; make an
attempt; make an attempt; make a mistake; make fun of someone; make a complaint;
make arrangements; make a bargain; make the beds; make a fuss over; make a
nuisance of oneself; make an progress; make an impression; make a profit; make an
accusation, make an appointment; make a proposal etc.
11
considerate ca semi-auxiliare. Acestea sunt: be about to, be bound to, be certain to, have
got to, fail to, tend to, happen to, turn aut to, be going to, be sure to, have to, come to, get
to, appear to, seem to, proved to etc.
EXERCISES (EXERCIII)
1. He.(not) busy.
2. We(not) interested.
3. They..(not) pretty.
4. You(not) new.
5. She (not) ill. 1
1
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnase, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1998, pag.14
12
1. Is this Marys book?
2. Are they at home in the evening?
3. Are these the architects papers?
3. Read the passages and underline the forms of the verb TO BE. (Citii acest
pasaj i subliniai formele verbului TO BE):
2. My favorite subject is computer science. Computers are useful. They are also fun.
4. Betty and I are students in the same high school. Bettys favorite subject is
mountains but hardly any in the valleys. In the valleys it is usually sunny and hot.
That is why the movie industry is here. And the Scott family!
2
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnase, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1998, pag. 31
13
4. Talk or write about the Scott family using the words below. Supply the right
forms of the verb BE. (Vorbii sau scriei despre familia Scott folosind
cuvintele de mai jos. Completai cu formele verbului BE):
5. Ask your partner questions using the words below. Have your partner answer
1. How old/you?
2. What/your favorite subject?
3. Why/this your favorite subject?
14
4. Where/you from?
5. Where/your parents from?
6. Write down yours partners answers to the questions above. Use your notes to
7. Read this passage, translate it and say which are the forms of the verb BE.
(Citii acest fragment, traducei-l i spunei care sunt formele verbului BE):
1. The United States is the fourth largest country in the world, in area. It has an area
of over 9 millions square kilometers. There are fifty states in the United States. Alaska is
the largest. Rhode Island is the smallest.
2. The United States is the third largest country in the world, in population. Its
population is over 260 million. The largest state is California with a population of 35
million. Alaska, which is the largest state in area, is one of the smallest states in
population. Its population is about one half million.
3. In general, the climate of the United States is temperate. There are differences,
however, from east to the west and from south to the north. In the northern half of the
15
country, there is snow in winter. In the southern half, there is less snow or no snow at all.
The East Coast is better than the West Coast. In the southwest, there are some dry, semi-
arid areas.
8. Make true sentences about yourself. Use the words below and suitable
adverbs of frequency: always, often, usually, seldom, sometimes, occasionally,
never. (Alctuii propoziii despre voi. Folosii cuvintele de mai jos i
adverbele de frecven):
Model: late
Im never late.
9. Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the verb TO BE. (Completai
spaiile libere cu formele corespunztoare verbului TO BE):
3
Georgiana Gleanu-Frnoag, Debora Parks, Exerciii de Gramatic Englez, Timpurile Verbale, Ed. Paralela 45,
Bucureti, 2000, p. 19-27
16
10. Change the long, verbal forms into short ones. (Scriei formele verbale
contrase corespunztoare exemplelor de mai jos):
1. She is my friend.
2. Are you not an assistant to the General Manager?
3. They are not interpreters, they are translators.
4. I am always early, I am never late for school.
propoziii n ntrebri):
6. We arent guilty.
17
12. Give short answers to the following questions and translate them into
Romanian. (Dai rspunsuri scurte ntrebrilor de mai jos i traducei-le n
limba romn):
18
9. Profesorii notri sunt foarte exigeni.
10. mi pare ru, am ntrziat.4
UNIT II
FOCUS: PRONUMELE
2. CLASIFICARE
2.1. PRONUMELE PERSONAL
2.2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.3. EXERCIII
2. CLASIFICARE
4
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 21-23.
19
2.2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
Eg.: I am a teacher.
He is a chemist.
Aa cum bine tim n limba romn nu este ntotdeauna nevoie s fie prezent
pronumele atunci cnd sunt folosite verbe. n limba englez, din contr, nu este
propoziie fr pronume, el fiind singurul indicator al celorlalte persoane.
ATENIE!
20
She is the best.
Mai putem ntlni acest pronume n propoziiile care nu au subiect clar definit
pentru a introduce vremea, distana sau timpul.
21
Pronumele personal pentru persoana a-III-a, numrul plural este they. Acesta
are aceeai form pentru feminin i masculin i nelesul lui poate fi dedus numai
din context.
ATENIE:
2. He/She sunt folosite pentru a nlocui unele substantive animate sau inanimate
care sunt de obicei neutre.
22
a. Formele de singular ale pronumelui personal sunt: I, You, He, She, It.
b. Formele de plural ale pronumelui personal sunt: We, You, They.
ATENIE:
Pronumele personal you aceeai form pentru singular i plural. n limba englez
nu exist forme anume pentru pronumele de politee aa c aceasta form este folosit n
acest scop. You se traduce prin dumneavoastr, dumneata, tu sau voi.
EXERCIII:
1. Translate the following sentences into Romanian and say which personal
pronouns are found in them. (Introducei urmtoarele propoziii i spunei ce
pronume personale se gsesc n ele):
1. I know you are highly interested in modern technique and you hope to
become an engineer.
2. Dora prefers design to anything else. She is found of inventing beautiful shapes
of all sorts of practical objects.
3. We are going to explain what a laser means. We have learnt of lot about that
wonderful discovery of modern times and we are really fascinated.
4. The laser is a device that generates an intense, highly concentrated beam of
light. Could you think that the laser is able to perform even medical operations?
5. Our friends Jack and Jill are often talking about the possibility of reaching some
planet belonging to another solar system of our galaxy. They have already
thought how to manage everything. You may guess that this is science fiction
for the time being.
23
6. The essence of life is just the same for both plants and animals. It is something
we cannot detect though we know about the existence of vital acids and their
activity.
Trim pe o planet minunat. Este cea mai prielnic vieii dac o comparm cu
celelalte planete ale sistemului solar.
Ne putem bucura de condiii excepionale de lumin i cldur.
Radiaiile care vin de pretutindeni sunt moderate. De care factor suntem protejai
mpotriva lor? n primul rnd de existena nveliului gazos al Pmntului.
De aceea trebuie s pstrm acest nveli cu foarte mult grij. Nu se cuvine s-l
subiem sau s-i stricm echilibrata sa compoziie cu nimic.
Natura este totui mai puternic dect noi i a creat de-a lungul milioanelor de ani
condiii de via pe care nu le putem schimba fr a schimba viaa nsi, ceea ce este
imposibil.
24
5. Life is a wonderful phenomenon.
6. The airplane takes off at half past two.
4. Translate into Romanian the following sentences, in which the pronoun it was
used to indicate the time, the weather, the distance or is used as an impersonal
expression. (Traducei, n limba romn, urmtoarele propoziii n care pronumele
personal it este folosit pentru a indica timpul, vremea, distana ori este folosit ca i
construcie impersonal):
5
Mariana ranu, Limba Englez, Sintez Gramatical complet prin enunuri i exerciii, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2002, p. 88-
91.
25
UNIT III
FOCUS: ARTICOLUL
1. TEXT CU ARTICOLUL
2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1 CLASIFICARE:
2.1.1 ARTICOLUL HOTRT
2.1.2 ARTICOLUL NEHOTRT
2.1.3 ARTICOLUL ZERO
3: EXERCIII
1. TEXT CU ARTICOLUL
Program s. = Program
Early adv. = Devreme
To get up v. = A se scula
To turn on v. = A porni
Teams s. = Echipe
Entertainment s. = Divertisment
To provide v. = A furniza
News s. = tiri
Piece of news s. = tire
Bathroom s. = Baie
Cold adv. = Rece
Shower s. = Du
Morning s. = Diminea
Opportunity s. = ans
To practice v. = A practica
Tunes s. = Acorduri muzicale
To rub v. = A freca
Face s. = Fa
Neck s. = Gt
Towel s. = Prosop
Blood s. = Snge
To run v. = A alerga
To feel v. = A simi
26
Anything pr. = Orice
Can v. = A putea
To occur v. = A se ntmpla
During prep. = n timp ce
To practice v. = A practica
Neighborhood s. = Vecintate
Soon adv. = Curnd
Breakfast s. = Mic dejun
Unfortunately adv. = Din nefericire
Heavy adv. = Greu; aglomerat
Ride s. = Plimbare
v. = A clri
Riser s. = Matinal
To wake up v. = A se trezi
Downtown s. = Centru
To miss v. = A rata
Newspaper s. = Ziar
Anyway adv. = Oricum
Drive s. = Impuls
v. = A conduce
PHRASES
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
MY DAILY PROGRAM:
27
My program starts very early every day. The first thing I do is get up and turn on
the radio. I like listening to the Radio Total in the morning because they have young
teams for entertainment and provide the latest news in an optimistic way.
Next, I go into the bathroom and if it is not very cold, I have a shower to start my
energetic morning and to have the opportunity of practicing some of the modern tunes
from the radio. If it is a cold morning, I just rub my face and my neck with a special
towel to make my blood run faster and soon I feel ready for anything can occur during
that day.
My favorite activity in the morning is to practice jogging in my neighborhood.
I often meet my friends and talk about this and that while running. A cold shower comes
next and soon I have breakfast. Like all the people who want to keep fit, I usually, have a
heavy breakfast. It gives you the energy you need for a busy day.
If I do not have enough time for jogging, I go to the office by bike. Unfortunately,
the traffic is too busy for a morning ride.
I am an early riser so I usually wake up at 6 oclock. I go to my office at 8 a.m. and
go back at home at 4.30 p.m. I work 8 hours a day, which mean 40 hours a week.
Sometimes in the afternoon, I go downtown to see a film or a play. I watch TV
every evening and I never miss talk shows. I buy a newspaper every day, out of habit, but
I do not have enough time to read it. Anyway, I read the daily horoscope, which gives me
the drive for the everyday activities, of course, if it is optimistic. If not, I simply do not
believe it!6
2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1 CLASIFICARE:
6
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 38.
28
Articolul constituie un mijloc de individualizare a obiectelor i fenomenelor. El nu
este o parte de vorbire de sine stttoare ci nsoete substantivul.
n limba englez articolul are urmtoarele forme:
a. the se pronun []
29
- naintea lui h mut:
Eg.: the honor; the heir; the hour; the honest man.
Articolul hotrt identific un membru anume al unei clase i este folosit n mai
multe situaii:
1. Articolul hotrt este folosit cu substantive al cror neles este dedus din
context.
Eg.: the door, the window, the table, the wind, the sky, the ground, the town hall, the
police station, the hospital, the radio, the press, the telephone, the sun, the moon, the stars.
2. Articolul hotrt apare naintea unor substantive care sunt reprezentante ale
Eg.: I saw this house last month. The house was still in construction yesterday.
30
4. Cea mai folosit ntrebuinare a articolului hotrt este cu numele proprii.
Acestea sunt nsoite de articol atunci cnd n structura lor apare un adjectiv
sau un substantiv adjectival sau o construcie prepoziional.
ATENIE:
n cazul denumirilor de instituii alctuite din doi termeni i prepoziia of, articolul
the apare chiar dac unul din termeni este omis.
Eg.: the (river) Thames, the Tate (Gallery), the Pacific (Ocean) etc.
Eg.: the Alps, the Danube, the Thames, the Atlantic Ocean, the Sahara, the Lido, the
National Theatre, the British Museum etc.
31
Eg.:
I want to buy a magazine.
1. Este folosit pentru a introduce o noiune, un obiect sau o persoan care este
necunoscut asculttorului.
2. Articolul nehotrt mai este folosit atunci cnd cel sau cea despre care se
32
4. El mai este folosit i cu numerale (n locul lui one):
33
4. Articolul zero este des ntlnit cu numele proprii:
Exist anumite categorii de nume proprii care sunt nsoite de articolul zero:
Nume de persoane
Denumiri geografice: nume de orae, ri, continente, lacuri sau muni etc:
Nume proprii nsoite de substantive comune denumind cldiri, strzi sau poduri
etc.
Eg.: Bran Castle, Westminster Abbey, Oxford Street, London Bridge etc.
34
3. EXERCIII
1. What is the right form of the indefinite article for the following nouns? (Care
este forma corect de articol nehotrt?):
brother; economy; record; Eskimos; picture; dance; Australian; language; issue; problem;
bussiness; English; newspaper; youth; student; village; Italian; story; family; leaf, way
etc. 7
2. Read the following nouns and insert the corresponding indefinite and definite
1. I am ..politician.
2. capital of.England is.London.
3. They are ..teachers.
4. .University of Bucharest is in.center of the city.
4. Choose a job from the right column for each of the following people. (Alegei
E.g.: I am a teacher.
We are teachers.
36
1. She is an economist.
2. Are you an assistant or a journalist?
3. An option is something you agree or disagree with.
4. He is an Englishman.
5. The engineer is not in the office.
6. A banker is a man who deals with the money.
7. The bookkeeper isnt in.
8. Is an accountant a good mathematician?
9. Mr. McCloud is a trainer, he is not a trainee.
propoziii la singular):
1. We are students.
2. The men are businessmen and the women are businesswomen.
3. The Browns are doctors.
4. Are you mechanics or drivers?
5. The Steinbecks arent politicians.
37
..question is: what is to be done in order top revent them? .legislators are
people who can answer this question. 8
8. Use the definite article the before the following geographical names. (Folosii
9. Say if the following sentences are true or false. (Spunei dac urmtoarele
propoziii sunt adevarate sau false):
1. The European Regional Airlines Association deals with Europes air transport
system.
2. Today we are going to see the Antipa Museum.
3. The British Museum displays many interesting objects from remote countries.
future.
6. The Titanic was a huge liner; its sinking could not be forgotten by anybody.
8
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 40-42
38
10.The Nelson Monument in Trafalgar Square is very tall.
11. The Victoria Memorial can be seen in front of the Buckingham Palace.
12. The European Council has settled a great number of international affairs.
13.A lot of people have received important supplies from the Red Cross.
10.Translate the English using the definite article the. (Traducei n limba
englez folosind articolul hotrt the):
11. Translate into Romanian using the definite article the. (Traducei n limba
39
12. Use the definite article the, to show a species or a category. (Folosii articolul
13. Translate and then read the following dates using the article the. (Citii i
traducei urmtoarele date, folosind articolul hotrt the).
14. Use the definite article the before the numerals to complete the sentences.
(Folosii articolul hotrt the naintea numeralelor pentru a completa spaiile
libere):
1. the first meridian of the world can be seen at Greenwich: it is just a steel
40
15. Complete the following sentences with your own ideas, observing that they
include groups of words in which was used the definite article. (Completai cu
propriile idei cele ce urmeaz, observnd c includ grupuri de cuvinte n care s-a
folosit articolul hotrt):
the day after tomorrow; ..the day after yesterday; ..all the year round;
..the right time; ..the time being; pass the time; ..the street;.the
bottom of the lake.
ARTICOLUL NEHOTRT
materiei.
4. Laserul genereaz raze puternice.
5. Aparate electronice de toate tipurile vin n sprijinul omului modern.
41
18. Fill in the blanks with the indefinite article. (Completai spaiile libere cu
articolul nehotrt):
school in Trgovite.
4. We met. Swede at an international congress.
19. Fill in the following sentences with names of professions using the indefinite
article before them. (Completai urmtoarele propoziii cu nume de ocupaii i
profesii folosind articolul nehotrt naintea lor):
4. Toms younger sister knows how to play the piano, she will be..
5. Toms grandfather worked in the army, he was.
20. Use the indefinite article instead of the numeral one in the following sentences.
(Folosii articolul nehotrt n locul numeralului one n urmtoarele propoziii):
42
1. I have bought one doll and two teddy bears for my little nice.
2. My friend has bought one magazine for herself and three newspapers for her
family.
3. Fetch one knife and four carrots, please.
4. The painter has used several brushes for his oil color and one big palette.
21. Say which from the following sentences express truths and underline the
indefinite article. (Spunei care din urmtoarele propoziii exprim adevruri i
apoi subliniai articolele nehotrte):
9. They were in a nice mood when they lost their way in the wood.
22. Answer the following questions and explain the exceptions. (Rspundei al
urmtoarele ntrebri i explicai excepiile):
43
3. Have you seen Holland?
4. Have you visited Hague?
5. Have you read anything about Argentina?
6. Can you show me the Sudan and the Congo on the map of Africa?
7. Washington or New York is the capital of the United States.
strlucitoare.9
9
Mariana ranu, Limba englez, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2002, p. 23-26.
44
UNIT IV
FOCUS: ADJECTIVUL
1. TEXT CU ADJECTIVUL
2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1. CLASIFICAREA ADJECTIVELOR
2.2. ORDINEA ADJECTIVELOR
2.3. ADJECTIVE I ADVERBE
2.4. COMPARAIA ADJECTIVELOR
3. EXERCIII
PHRASES:
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
10
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti,
pag. 270-271
47
1. Adjective proprii. Acestea nsoesc de obicei substantivele acordndu-le acestora
ATENIE!
2. Adjectivele descriptive. Acest tip de adjective arat calitile sau defectele unui
cantitatea: much, none, some any, enough, all, whole, half, few etc.
4. Adjectivele demonstrative: this, that, such, the same, the other, these, those, a, an,
48
Eg.: What questions should I ask?
Whose hat is it?
n cazul n care dou sau mai multe adjective nsoesc un substantiv locul lor n
propoziie este urmtorul:
Eg.: Many, interesting, new, all shaped, multicolored, silk cloths were sitted on chairs.
Eg.: In that room were five, beautiful, tall, young, international models.
Un alt lucru care trebuie reinut este urmtorul: n limba englez locul adjectivelor
n propoziie poate depinde i de forma adjectivelor. Mai precis, adjectivele scurte sunt
aezate naintea adjectivelor lungi.
49
ATENIE!
- adjectivele care intr n alctuirea unor nume proprii pot s stea dup
substantiv.
50
Eg.: Nicely done you two!
Eg.: John felt bad at the thought he abandoned his mates. (guilty)
After failing the examination she felt badly a whole week. (unhappy)
n cazul verbelor: be, become, taste, feel, look, smell, sound exist anumite
diferene n folosirea lor ca adjective sau adverbe. Ele sunt folosite ca i adjective atunci
cnd actiunea se refer la subiectul propoziiei i ca adverbe atunci cnd actiunea
propoziei se refer la verb.
51
She is a beautiful girl.
1. GRADUL POZITIV
2. GRADUL COMPARATIV
Compar calitile sau defectele a dou sau mai multe adjective la diverse grade. n
limba englez exist dou tipuri de comparaie:
A. Comparaia scurt
B. Comparaia lung
52
happy happier the happiest = fericit
ATENIE!
4. Exist unele adjective care au fie numai comparaie scurt sau numai comparaie
lung. Adjective ca: fit, huge, calm, just, keen, kind, plain rare, stiff, vague etc. se
compar n mod scurt n timp ce adjectivele de genul active, civil, common, hostile,
constant, prudent, pleasant or sudden prefer comparaia lung. Tot n aceast
ultim categorie se ncadreaz i adjective de tipul: carefull i different.
Comparativul de inferioritate
53
Se formeaz prin adugarea cuvntului less naintea adjectivului i a cuvntului than
dup adjectiv.
Comparativul de egalitate
Comparativul de superioritate
3. GRADUL SUPERLATIV
Gradul superlativ se formeaz n funcie de numrul de silabe din care este alctuit
adjectivul.
54
Adjectivele formate din dou sau mai multe silabe sunt precedate de the most.
Cnd primul element este un adjectiv care i pstreaz sensul acesta se schimb la
comparativ i superlativ:
Cnd cele dou elemente formeaz un tot din punct de vedere al sensului,
comparaia se realizeaz cu more i the most.
Exist n limba englez o categorie special de adjective care nu formeaz gradele de
comparaie ca restul adjectivelor. Acest tip de comparaie poart numele de comparaie
neregulat a adjectivelor. Acestea sunt:
55
old elder the eldest = btrn (folosit pentru fiine, n contexte ce sugereaz gradul
de rudenie)
3. EXERCIII (EXERCISES):
1. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct order. (Punei adjectivele din
parantez n ordinea corect):
56
18. The car he drives is..sports car. (well-maintained, second-hand, a, with a low
2mileage)
19. I have in my dining room ..dining-table (well-plished, beautiful, the, antique,
3. Using the expression as..as to indicate the quality, translate into English
the following sentences. (Folosind expresia as..as pentru a indica egalitatea
traducei n limba englez urmtoarele propoziii):
eu.
58
d. Gardening is (easy) than agriculture.
e. Which is (tall) column in London?
f. Which is (merry) English song you know?
g. Are sunflowers the (big) flowers growing in Romania?
h. Diamonds are (expensive) than rubies.
teatrului englez.
8. Este o atitudine mai politicoas s spui thank you dect thanks.
59
7. Translate the following sentences into English. (Traducei urmtoarele
propoziii n limba englez):
1. Lucrarea lui Tom a fost mai puin interesant dect cea a lui Victor.
2. Poate c a fost cea mai puin interesant dintre toate lucrrile.
3. Luna este mai puin interesant dect pmntul.
4. Muntele Omul este mai nalt dect muntele Ceahlu.
5. Oltul este unul dintre cele mai lungi ruri din Romnia.
6. Arcul de Triumf din Bucureti este mare, dar nu tot att de mare ca cel din Paris.
7. Muntele Retezat este unul dintre cei mai nali muni din ara noastr.
8. Oltul este mai lung dect Prahova.
9. Dunrea este mai puin adnc dect Marea Neagr.
8. Put the following words in the necessary order. (Punei cuvinte urmtoare n
ordine):
1. More than beautiful Our and garden than is their larger garden.
2. That more interesting meci than was the shorter other one but.
3. And more lasting That pair of shoes than her sisters she bought was cheaper.
4. The T-shirts thinner worn by than were their teams and our more expensive.
13
Mariana ranu, Limba Englez, Sintez Gramatical complet prin enunuri i exerciii, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2002, p. 59-
64.
60
10. Read the following text and notice the use of the comparative of equality.
(Citii urmtorul text i observai folosirea comparativului de egalitate):
61
11. Give the comparative of superiority to the following adjectives. (Spunei care
este comparativul de superioritate al urmtoarelor adjective):
Sweet; lazy; fond; unhappy; clumsy; good; bad; old; far; fresh.
12. Give the comparative of inferiority for the following adjectives. (Spunei
care este comparativul de inferioritate al urmtoarelor adjective):
Rapid; little; interesting; cold; tall; clever; intelligent; far; ill; quick.
13. Give the superlative to the following adjectives. (Spunei care este superlativul
urmtoarelor adjective):
Amazing; old; near; little; high; quick; captivating; obsolete; good; fast.
14. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms (comparative or superlative) of the
adjective in brackets:
15.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms (comparative or superlative) of the
adjective in brackets:
62
b. I have (much) homework than you do.
c. We have (demanding) customers today than we had in the past.
d. The Dead Sea is the (low) place of the world.
e. (Many) of the women were wearing evening dresses.
14
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p.131-132.
63
UNIT V
FOCUS: ADVERBUL
1: TEXT CU ADVERBUL
2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1. TIPURI DE ADVERBE
2.2. FORMA ADVERBELOR
2.3. COMPARATIA ADVERBELOR
3: EXERCIII
PHRASES:
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. Identify the adverbs in the
following text. (Citii i traducei acest text n romn. Identificai adverbele n
textul de mai jos):
Once a tram, a trolley-bus, a car and a bycicle met at crossing. As they were
waiting for the green light, they began to talk.
The car said to the bycicle, Why do people use you? You are so slow! When you
do not move you cannot stand you fall on your side. I have four wheels and I move very
quickly and I can carry not one man, but five. I am more useful than you.
It depends on when and where, said the little bycicle.
Then the tram began to speak.
I am more useful than you it said to the car. You can carry five people and I can
carry more than one hundred. I am more useful than you.
65
It depends on when and where, said the bycicle again.
Then the trolley-bus spoke.
I think I am more useful, said the trolley-bus to the tram. You make so much
noise! I am better than you.
It depends on when and where, said the bycicle for the third time.
At that time they saw a green light. They began to move. They wanted to see which
of them was the quickest. Soon the bycicle fell behind. The other three moved on, but as
the tram and the trolley-bus had to stop, they fell behind the car too.
Then suddenly the tram went of the trails and had to stop.
And the trolley-bus said to the train, I hink you will stay here for a long time. I do
not need any rails. Good-bye! And it ran on. But soon it came to its last stop and had to
go back.
At that time the car was moving very quickly. It came to a place were there was a
bridge across a river. But some men were repairing the bridge and the car had to look for
a place to cross the river. When it came to a village on the other side of the river, it saw
the the bycicle there.
How did you cross the river? asked the car.
The men who were repairing the bridge left a little place for me to cross the river.
And so here I am. Do you remember what I said? It depends upon when and where.15
2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
Ca i n limba romn, adverbul din limba englez este partea de vorbire care
determin, n principal, un verb i care arat caracteristicile unei aciuni, mai precis locul,
timpul sau modul n care se desfoara aciunea.
Exist totui i cazuri n care adverbele modific sensul adjectivelor, altor adverbe,
substantivelor sau chiar a unor propoziii:
15
Monica Milcoveanu, Engleza Rapida, Ed. Steaua Nordului, Bucuresti, 2008, pag. 157-158
66
Eg.: He acted bravely.
Nicely done you two!
This song is very nice.
Este unul dintre cele mai cunoscute i mai des folosite adverbe datorit terminaiei
ly. Aceast terminaie a devenit de altfel marca adverbului din limba englez.
Adverbul de mod aa cum i arat i denumirea arat modul n care se desfoar o
aciune i rspunde la ntrebarea: how?
67
Adverbe de mod clasice: abruptly, accuratly, badly, beautifully, brightly, briskly,
careslly, casually, clearly, closely, confortably, correctly, distinctly, dramatically, easily,
faitfully, fiercefuly, fluently.
Adverbe de mod care arat sentimentele persoanei care face aciunea: angrily,
bitterly, oldly, calmly, cherfully, furiously, gladly, gloomly, greatfully, hapilly, impatiently,
miserably.
Acest tip de adverbe ofer informaii despre locul n care are loc aciunea dar i
despre direcia sau destinaia acesteia. Adverbele de loc rspund la ntrebrile: where?
where to? from where? which way? etc.
Adverbe de loc care arat locaia: abroad, ahead, anywhere, around, ashore,
away, downstairs, upstairs, everywhere, here, there, inland, midway, nearly, nowhere etc.
68
Eg.: He travels abroad each year.
Ahead is the building we are looking for.
She went upstairs.
They are everywhere.
He was here a minute ago.
Adverbe de loc care arat destinaia: ashore, home, inside, near, next door,
outside etc.
Adverbe de loc care arat direcia: ahead, along, back, backwards, forward, left,
clockwise, east, north, south, west etc.
ATENIE!
69
Adverbele de timp arat dou lucruri:
Atunci cnd ne referim la adverbe de timp exacte indicatorii de timp sunt zilele,
lunile sau anii: yesterday, today, tomorrow, Sunday, Wensday, in 1980, last week sau
anumite momente ale zilei, evenimente concrete din an ca: at noon, in the afternoon, in
the evening, at luch, at dawn, at night, on Christmas, on Easter, on New Years Eve etc.
ATENIE!
Eg.: Our group will still meet at 12 oclock sharp, on Sunday, August 22nd 2009.
You have an appointment with our project manager at 8 oclock, Monday
morning, July 4th 2009.
Exist n limba englez un adverb de timp des folosit i anume ago. Acest adverb
are form de trecut dar el indic ntotdeauna o aciune prezent i mai mult trebuie nsoit
de repere temporare.
70
Eg: He received a disturbing letter 4 months ago.
Dac vrem subliniem faptul c aciunea a avut loc n trecut, ago trebuie nlocuit
cu before.
Alte adverbe de timp des folosite n limba englez sunt: all day long, any more,
no longer, briefly, forever, over night. Exist i expresii adverbiale de tipul: after, before,
during, for, from....to...., in, since, until etc.
n limba englez adverbul for indic n general lungimea de timp a unei aciuni.
Dar exist i situaiile n care vrem s subliniem ntr-un mod oarecum exagerat c aceast
aciune a durat prea mult.
Dac aciunea nu este definit clar din punct de vedere temporar se folosesc
adverbe ca: about, almost, around, more than, nearly etc.
71
Eg.: Last summer, I went to the seaside.
He returned home last month.
Acest tip de adverbe arat ct de des sau de rar are loc o aciune: often, seldom,
rarely, never, ever etc.
A. Adverbe de frecven bine definite sunt acel tip de adverbe care indic timpul
concret al unei aciuni: daily, nightly, monthly etc. n general, acest tip de adverbe este
aezat la sfritul propoziiei.
72
the mountains.
Locul adverbelor de frecven indefinite este dup verbul to be ori dup alte
timpuri verbale. Exist totui anumite adverbe de frecven care sunt aezate la
nceputul propoziiei pentru a sublinia ceva. Acestea sunt: never, ever, in no
circumstances, only by, only when etc
Aceste adverbe arat opinia cuiva despre un anumit eveniment de care a auzit sau
la care a participat. Aceste adverbe pot avea grade diferite de intensitate.
73
It is not your problem anyway.
I will present my paper briefly.
Din punct de vedere al formei adverbele din limba englez pot fi:
74
a. Cuvinte simple sau compuse: here, soon, then, when, how, abroad, anywhere,
75
large largely
This subject seems extremely interesting.
It was a largely debated oppinion.
Exist i excepii de aceast regul. De exemplu adjectivul true pierde e-ul final
atunci cnd terminaia -ly este adugat. Aceeai situaie se aplic i n cazul adjectivului
whole wholly.
ATENIE!
76
Exist, n limba englez, o clas special de adjective care pot fi transformate n
adverbe pstrndu-i forma iniial sau adugnd terminaia ly. Adugarea acestei
terminaii poate schimba sensul adjectivului.
1. bright/brightly
2. dear/dearly
3. fair/fairly
77
Eg.: The pit was deep.
We are deeply greatful for your deed.
4. easy/easily: easy = nseamn uor dar este foarte des ntlnit n expresii de
probabil
78
superlativ i adjective lungi care formeaz comparativul cu more i superlativul cu
the most.
A. COMPARAIA SCURT
ADVERBUL: LATE
B. COMPARAIA LUNG
ADVERBUL: FLUENTLY
Gradul pozitiv: He speaks fluently severeal foreign languages.
Gradul compartiv de superioritate: This candidate speaks more fluently
than others.
79
de egalitate: English is spoken as fluently as French today.
de inferioritate: Her brother speaks less fluently than
his sister.
Gradul superlativ: For an outsider you speak German very well.
3. EXERCIII
adverbe sau ca adjective. (Fill in the blanks with the following words. State when
they are used as adverbs or adjectives): monthly, last, better, wide, sudden, best,
lively, lovely
80
5. Voi cere s vd actele n cursul acestei diminei.
6. Se pare c tot nu a priceput.
7. Nu voi putea ajunge dect la 5.
8. Nu voi putea ajunge la 5 ci doar la 6.
9. Nu l-am vzut de foarte mult timp, dac m gndesc bine nu l-am vzut de cnd
18. Este un student mult mai bun dect se spune despre el.16
Abrupt, aimless; anxious; attentive; bitter; brave; cautious; confortable; coward; early;
efficient; equal; fast; fatal; frearless; friendly; glad; good; hard; hopeful; humble;
immediate; kind; late; lively; lovely; loyal; long; lucky, mental; merry, motherly; near;
noble; noisy; patient; poor; proud; right; scornful; sensible; silly; simple; skilful; steady;
straight; sudden; suitable; sweet; terrible; truthful; wrong.
16
Mihai M. Zdrenghea, Anca L. Greere, A Practical English Grammar with exercises, Ed. Clusium, Cluj, 1999, pag. 470-471
81
1. My sister plays the piano (good/well).
2. The boy is very (careful/carefully).
3. This table has a (smooth/smoothly) surface.
82
8. Ben is a dangerous driver.
9. Philip is a persuasive speaker.
10. Jack is a dilligent student.
6. Write these sentences again. Put the words in brackets in the right place. (Citii
83
12. I have not been to the theatre lately.
13. This is just what I wanted.
14. Just listen to him.
15. He may be justly proud of his succes.
16. Do not go far away; stay somewere near.
17. We have nearly run out of potatoes.
18. The gate was wide opened.
19. The two parties differ widely in opinion.
20. The carstopped short only some inches from the pedestrian.
21. I met him shortly.
22. His lecture will begin at ten oclock sharp.
23. The road turns sharp(ly) to the right.
24. He drove his car clear of the blazing petrol.
25.It is clearly impossible to talk him out of his plans.
26. She was sleeping sound(ly) on the couch.
27. Last week Dinamo were soundly beaten by Steaua.
8. Supply the correct forms of the adverbs in brackets. (Spunei care sunt formele
corecte ale adverbelor din parantez):
84
5. Then they (careful) placed cushions behind their heads to make them more
(confortable).
6. Then they search the house (thorough).
7. (Sad) Mrs. Brown watched her jewel box being emptied.
8. When she was asked if anything in the box was of a sentimental value to her, she
UNIT VI
PART I
17
Monica Visan, Metoda rapida de invatare a gramaticii limbii engleze, Ed. Viitorul Romanesc, Bucuresti, pag. 115-116
85
FOCUS: 1.3. VERBELE MODALE
1.3.1: TEXTE CU VERBELE MODALE
1.3.2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.3.2.1 INTRODUCERE
1.3.2.2 CAN, MUST, MAY
1.3.2.3 ALTE VERBE MODALE
1.3.3: EXERCIII
86
To mind v. = A da atenie la; To strike v. = A bate
a-i psa de
Mine pron. = Al meu, a mea, Time s. = Timp
pos. ai mei,
ale mele
Must v. = A trebui; Tomorrow adv. = Mine
a fi necesar
Nephew s. = Nepot To want v. = A vrea
(de unchi /
mtu)
Next adj. = Urmtor; Without prep = Fr
urmtoare
Non- s. = Nefumtor The other adj. Cellalt, cealalt,
smoker nehot = Ceilali, celelalte
Permission s. = Permisiune
PHRASES:
87
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
88
EVA: Now, friends, I think we must have a dictation today. You cannot only speak here.
From time to time you must also write. All of you may not like it but we must do this too.
Our teacher wants us to do it.
ADRIAN: Cant we leave it for the next time? I feel I cant dictation today.
LIZA: You mustnt say that Adrian. I am sure you can do a very good dictation, as usual.
You may be a little tired today because we know you work very hard, but we are sure you
can do it all right.
EVA: All right then. Let us begin. Dictation.
(Everybody begins to write.)18
1.3.2.1 INTRODUCERE
18
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti,
pag. 142-143
89
WILL / WOULD = a vrea, a dori
OUGHT (TO) = a trebui
USED TO = obinuia s
Spre deosebire de alte categorii de verbe din limba englez, verbele modale nu apar
niciodat nsoite de aceasta.
90
Ex.: I cannot watch this film. It is too violent for me.
ATENIE!
n limba romn pot exista mai multe negaii n aceeai propoziie, n schimb, n
limba englez, nu se poate folosi dect o singur negaie n propoziie: I tell you
nothing, They cant say anything.
5. verbele modale sunt defective. Acest lucru presupune lipsa anumitor forme
pentru timpuri trecute sau viitoare.
n general, forma de baz a verbelor modale: can, must sau may este folosit
numai pentru timpul prezent. Atunci cnd aceste forme trebuie folosite la alte timpuri
verbale cum ar fi trecut sau viitor, ele sunt nlocuite de anumite construcii verbale care
prin alctuirea lor permit aceast trecere. Aceste construcii verbale poart numele de
echivaleni modali i ei sunt:
CAN TO BE ABLE TO
MUST HAVE TO
MAY BE ALLOWED TO / BE PERMITTED TO
ATENIE!
91
Formele could, might, would, should sugereaz o atitudine mai reinut din partea
vorbitorului, o form politicoas de a exprima ceva, fiindc sunt mai puin directe n
propoziiile interogative i atunci cnd adresm invitaii.
A. CAN COULD:
Acest verb modal este unul dintre cele mai des folosite n limba englez i se
traduce prin: a putea, a fi n stare de, a ti, a se pricepe la.
n limba englez verbul modal can este asociat cu verbul modal may, amndou
indicnd acelai lucruri. Difer numai exprimarea i gradul de incertitudine. De exemplu:
92
- Exist i situaiile n care may l poate nlocui pe can pentru a exprima
permisiunea. n aceast situaie trebuie reinut faptul c may este mai formal, mai
politicos n timp ce can este des folosit n limbajul familiar.
EXCEPIE!
CAN exprim capacitatea fizic sau intelectual de efectuare a unei aciuni prin
urmare este nsoit mereu de verbe de percepie fizic cum ar fi: feel, hear, notice,
perceive, see, smell, taste and touch sau mintal: believe, forget, imagine, recall,
remember, think etc.
93
Ex.: Tom can speak French.
I can lift the heavy box.
I can feel the cold.
I can only imagine her joy.
Can mai poate fi folosit i cu verbe de tipul guess, tell, see sau know
sau de verbele get, become sau seem folosite mai ales n avertismente.
Aa cum am mai spus forma can este folosit numai la timpul Prezent. Atunci cand
aciunea a avut loc n trecut sau va avea loc n viitor aceasta form nu mai poate fi
folosit deoarece nu arat aceste transformri. n aceast situaie, can trebuie nlocuit cu o
construcie care s reflecte acest lucru.
Dac aciunea a avut loc n trecut exist dou moduri de a exprima acest lucru:
Aciunea a avut loc ntr-un trecut foarte aproape de momentul vorbirii. n
acest caz, este folosit forma COULD.
94
Ex.: Tom could go to a party last week.
Aciunea a avut loc ntr-un trecut mai ndeprtat. Prin urmare, se folosete
echivalentul modal al lui can to be able to. Trebuie reinut faptul c folosirea acestui
echivalent modal este determinat de existena unor intervale de timp concrete cum ar fi:
yesterday, for an hour, at 8 oclock etc.
Dac aciunea va avea loc n viitor can va fi nlocuit cu will able to.
- verbul CAN este adeseori folosit n locul verbului MAY, n vorbirea familiar, pentru a
exprima cerea, refuzul sau acordarea permisiunii sau pentru idea de a-i fi permis ceva
cuiva.
- exprim o posibilitate, mai precis realizarea unei aciuni care depinde de anumite
nprejurri concrete.
2. COULD este forma de trecut a lui can i are aceeai form pentru toate persoanele
la Indicativ i Condiional. Cnd este urmat de Infinitivul simplu se traduce prin: putea,
tia, era n stare de.
96
Eg.: His brother could learn everything very fast.
She was able to earn to skate last year.
- Formulele CAN i COULD sunt mai uzuale n vorbire n timp ce BE ABLE TO sun
formal.
I can guess what you want to say.
I can tell from this moment that the plan will not work.
1.3.3 EXERCIII
97
7. to type; to do shorthand.
8. to do easy exercises at English; to do hard exercises at English.
9. to help ones friend today; to help ones friend tomorrow.
10. to do the work now; to do the work next week.
98
3. Completai urmtoarele propoziii cu CAN sau CANT apoi traducei-le n
limba romn. (Fill up the following sentences with CAN or CANT and then
translate them in Romanian):
1. .you read an English book? Yes, I
2. .you read all the English books? No, I.
3. Granny..read without glasses.
4. .Bob lift the box? Yes, he.. No, he
5. If you have money, you.. buy things.
6. If you have only little money, you..buy things.
7. What.you buy if you have no money? You.buy anything.
8. ..you see her face? No, I ..see her face.
9. . you see the clock? Its over the door. What time is it?
10. Everybody..fall ill.
11. John.write because he has ink, paper and pen.
12. ..we send a letter without a stamp on the envelope? No, we..
13. This man..see; hes blind.
14. It was a long time ago; I.remember it now.
15. Blind men.see. They..see anything.
16. Deaf men..hear. They..hear anything.
17. Ido all the exercises as theyre quite easy.
18. Iforget our walking along the river on that wonderful evening.
19. you taste anything particular in the soup? No, I
20. I..smell something burning.
4. n propoziiile care urmeaz, folosii CAN sau CANT mpreun cu unul dintre
aceste verbe: hear, look, read, see, understand, walk. (In the following sentences use
CAN or CANT with one of these verbs: hear, look, read, see, understand, walk):
99
1. Im afraid my grandfather is deaf. He..what you want.
2. I have to wear glasses. Ivery well.
3. The manager likes books with large print. He.them more easily.
4. David uses a wheelchair. Hevery far.
5. Aunt Betty is quite happy living alone. She..after herself.
6. Its too noisy in here. I.. what you are saying.
7. David is very tired. He.any more.
8. Turn on the light please. Iread.
9. Im sorry but Ihim. He speaks so quickly.
10. My father has marvelous eyes; he.the tiniest details.
a. Must cu aceeai form la toate persoanele, are valoare de Indicativ prezent i viitor
n funcie de adverbul de timp care l nsoete.
- Must exprim o obligaie sau o concluzie logic i se traduce prin a trebui s.
19
Ion Vladoiu, Verbele modale englezesti, ed. AN-DA, Bucuresti, pag. 83-84
100
- Antonimul lui MUST este NEEDNT des folosit n engleza britanic sau DONT
NEED TO care este caracteristic englezei americane. Ambele exprim absena
obligaiei i se traduc prin: nu trebuie s, nu este nevoie/necesar s. Cu ajutorul acestor
forme se formuleaz deducii negative.
3. verbul must este des utilizat n articole de lege, regulamente etc. pentru a exprima
obligativitatea respectrii lor. Forma negativ exprim interdicia.
Eg.: All the citizens of Romania must comply with the laws as derived from the
ratified Constitution.
Pedestrians must not cross the street when the traffic light is red.
101
4. Must exprim probabilitatea i este ntrebuinat pentru a exprima concluzii logice,
fiind tradus prin: cred (c), n mod sigur, de bun seam, precis (c), probabil (c)..
5. Must mai exprim reproul fa de o aciune din prezent, exprimat prin forma
interogativ:
7. exprim invitaii cu caracter formal sau oferte n situaia de gazd sau musafir:
Must puternic accentuat este folosit n engleza britanic pentru a exprima ceea ce
trebuie neaprat fcut i se regsete sub forma unei recomandri sau a unui sfat ferm
adresat subiectului propoziiei.
102
2. NEED
Need are un regim mai special n limba englez deoarece este doar un verb semi-
modal. Aceast denumire se refer la faptul c exist dou aspecte ale acestui verb: unul
de verb obinuit to need (a avea nevoie de, a-i fi necesar, a-i trebui) i unul modal,
des ntlnit n engleza britanic, folosit numai n propoziiile negative i interogative.
ATENIE!
- Forma negativ, neednt poate fi urmat doar de un verb la infinitiv: NEEDNT DO. Ea
exprim absena necesitii i reflect doar opinia vorbitorului.
- NEED este folosit pentru a exprima absena necesitii efecturii unei aciuni mai ales
la forma negativ i se traduce prin nu e nevoie, nu e cazul:
103
Eg.: Yes, you must.
1.3.3 EXRCIII
104
2. Completai propoziiile urmtoare folosind forma corect a lui HAVE TO i a
cuvintelor din parantez. (Complete these sentences using the correct form of
HAVE TO and the words in brackets):
105
6. I must get up early tomorrow.
7. The children must play in the street.
8. They have to go to school every day.
9. We must begin work before ten.
10. They have to be very punctual.
UNIT VI (CONTINUARE)
PART II
FOCUS: 1.3. VERBELE MODALE
1.3.1: TEXTE CU VERBELE MODALE
1.3.2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.3.2.2 CONTINUARE: MAY
1.3.2.3 ALTE VERBE MODALE
1.3.3: EXERCIII
20
Ion Vladoiu, Verbele modale englezesti, ed. AN-DA, Bucuresti, pag. 152-158
106
1.3.1. TEXT CUPRINZND EXEMPLE DE VERBE MODALE
107
(de unchi /
mtu)
Next adj. = Urmtor; Without prep = Fr
urmtoare
Non- s. = Nefumtor The other adj. Cellalt,
smoker nehot = cealalt,
Ceilali,
celelalte
Permission s. = Permisiune
PHRASES:
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
109
EVA: All right then. Let us begin. Dictation.
(Everybody begins to write.) 21
MAY/MIGHT exprim:
MAY
1. cererea sau acordarea permisiunii ntr-o form mai oficial dect CAN:
21
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti,
pag. 142-143
110
Eg.: May I use your phone?
- folosirea lui might cu acelai sens indic un grad mai mare de nesiguran:
3. exprim posibilitatea:
MIGHT
2. exprimarea unei cereri insistente sau atunci cnd vorbitorul este iritat de
nendeplinirea unei aciuni trecute:
EXERCIII:
111
1. Completai spaiile libere cu may sau can. (Fill in the blanks with may or can):
2. Completai spaiile goale folosind might sau might not i verbele din parantez.
(Complete these sentences, using might or might not and the verbs in brackets):
1. I (buy) her this doll for her birthday party. She likes dolls.
112
2. Take the jersey with you. It.(be) cold tonight.
3. We..(go) to Switzerland this winter, but we havent booked yet.
4. I..(go) by car because there will be a lot of traffic.
5. They(come) to the party this evening. Theyre very busy. They have a lot of
things at home.
6. What are you going to do tonight? Im not sure. I..(stay) at home. Im tired.
7. I know Helen is at school today. But I dont know where she is at the moment. She..
(be) at the gym, or she ..(be) in the chemistry lab.
8. Dont worry to much about that mistake. It(be) important.
9. Ill try to change the time of my flight, but it ..(be) possible. The planes are often full
at this time of the year.
10. You .(find) a good hotel if you go to the main street there are lots of hotels
there.
113
4. Completai urmtoarele propoziii cu may sau (not) be allowed to, folosind eu
sau noi, sau alte pronume personale. (Complete these sentences with may or (not) be
allowed to, using I or we, or other personal pronoun):
114
8. S-ar putea s nu fie acas la ora aceea.
9. Nu intra nc s-ar putea s fie altcineva nuntru.
10. De ce nu o asculi? S-ar putea s spun adevrul.22
Atunci cnd este folosit ca verb modal, shall este caracteristic englezei britanice
mai ales la forma interogativ. Engleza american prefer forma should I la toate
persoanele.
n general, atunci cnd se folosete forma shall I... se solicit sfaturi, dispoziii
sau instruciuni etc.
Forma SHOULD este o form de trecut i este folosit de regul cu verbe ca: like,
prefer, love, care, hate, prefer i wish etc. Ea arat absena sau prezena necesitii sau
obligaiei. Ea este folosit n stilul formal al englezei britanice, n emisiunile postului
BBC, sau n sus-estul Angliei.
SHOULD poate aprea n construcii de tipul: IF..SHOULD (DO) artnd un
grad mai mare de improbabilitate.
O alt forma a lui SHOULD este aceea de verb modal i arat necesitatea i
obligaia n form de sfat sau recomandare.
Eg.: You should go there; you may actually have some fun.
If I should do this it might not came out as we planed.
116
WILL, WOULD
WILL este des folosit i ca verb modal i exprim voin, refuz, hotrre, comenzi,
promisiuni i ameninri, rugmini, invitaii, obiceiuri etc.
WOULD este i el folosit ca verb modal pentru a arta dorina sau preferina cuiva
pentru ceva sau varinta pliticoas de a solicita ceva.
117
Eg.: In the old days people would behave more politely then today.
2. The boy (..not) reach the sweets because they were on a top shelf.
5. You (.) easily recognize her; she has got blonde hair and blue eyes.
8. It was so cold outside I (.not) walk the dog for more than 20 minutes.
118
9. Mozart (.) play the piano when he was 5 years old.
to go now.
to open the window.
to use Eurocard.
to get a travelers check.
to spend all the money on books.
to phone her.
119
To sell the week-end earlier last Monday
To look the old watch in the mountains
To use at the picture to get some money
5. Folosii forma could pentru a exprima o cerere politicoas. (Use the form
could to ask something politely):
2. You/carry/the bag.
3. You/bring/some tea.
7. Folosii verbul modal may pentru a cere permisiunea. (Use the modal verb
1. You enter a crowded cafeteria and see a vacant seat. Ask for permission to sit down.
2. You are late at a class and you want to come in. Ask for permission to come in.
3. You want to see a TV show and it is off. Ask for permission to see it again.
4. You want to take off your coat because it is too hot in that room. Ask for permission
120
5. You want too see a sweater that you intend to buy. Ask for permission to see a
sweater.
prezent, trecut sau viitor. (Use may or his similar construction to express
permission in present, past or future):
121
12. Wed better be early; there (be) a crowd.
13. Dont loose the dog it.(bite) your guests.
14. His map.. (be) out of date.
15. I hope you..(be) right.
16. She has refused, but she..(change) her mind if you asked her again.
17. We..(have) to stay here all night.
18. I saw them in the street but they didnt stop to talk with me. They(be) in a hurry.
19. Why did you swim in that river? Its very dangerous (drown).
20. Dont tease that dog. It..(bite) you.
21. If you hurried, you ..(catch) the train.
22. If you had hurried indeed, you.(catch) the train.
122
10. Alctuii propoziii cu fiecare form a verbului modal may. (Build up
sentences with each form of the modal verb may).
must sau mustnt. (Change the following instructions into sentences containing
the modal verbs must or mustnt).
12. Cu urmtoarea list de activiti alctuii propoziii astfel nct ele s exprime
ceea ce trebuie s facem, ceea ce trebuie s nu facem sau pe care alii nu sunt nevoii
s le fac. (Following is a list of activities. Some of them we MUST DO, some we
MUST NOT DO, and others we DONT HAVE TO DO. Make appropriate
sentences for each of them):
123
2. enter the classroom after the lesson begins
We mustnt enter the classroom after the lesson begins
3. leave the classroom during the breaks
We dont have to leave the classroom during the breaks.
17. n fiecare din urmtoarele propoziii cineva va face ceva. ntrebai dac
124
2. Lucy is going to telephone. Lily is expecting her.
3. Dan is going to eat pilaf. He doesnt like rice.
4. Susan is going to invite Julia to a party although she doesnt like her.
5. Barbara is going to wear an evening dress. All the other girls are wearing casual
dresses.
6. George is standing. There are enough chairs for everybody.
7. The boys are going to finish the exercise. They can finish it tomorrow, if they like.
8. Mother is going to wash the dishes. Alice can wash them later.
14. Alctuii propoziii folosind forma HAD TO. (Build up sentences using the
form HAD TO)
2. chop firewood.
3. fetch water
4. clean rooms
5. wash clothes
6. cook meals
7. make beds
125
4. Pot s vin i eu cu dumneavoastr? Da, ne poi nsoi.
5. Am putut iei n grdin dup ce a stat ploaia.
6. Anul acesta am ore dup amiaz. n fiecare zi trebuie s fiu la coal la ora 12 fix.
7. Trebuie s merg la Braov sptmna viitoare.23
UNIT VII
FOCUS: TIMPURILE VERBALE
1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (PREZENTUL SIMPLU)
1.1: TEXT CU PREZENTUL SIMPLU
1.2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.2.1 FOLOSIRE
1.2.2 FORMARE
1.3: EXERCIII
PHRASES:
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
INDIANS OR AMERICANS
127
America is not just another country. It is a superpower but, in the same time, we
can speak about it in terms of its population centers, economic statistics, educational
systems, arts and crafts, politics and problems etc. Most readers, like most tourists, set
out in search of America wanting to find what they are looking for and are very
displeased with their guides if they dont find it. We all know and feel that America that
dream and that promise, those myths, legends and hopes is somewhat different. The
very subject of America attracts opinions and judgments as no other country does.
The United States is one of the few countries that have no official language or
languages. English is the common language by use but it is not the national language by
law. About 30 million Americans speak a language other than English at home. It is
estimated that some 20 million people in the United States may have some Indian blood.
However, only about 1,4 million people identify themselves as Indian (American
Indian, Eskimo, etc) in the 1980 census. Just over half of these live on or near federal
reservations. The rest is scattered throughout the population. No Indian has to stay in a
reservation. Less than 30 Indians were city residents in 1940 and today are over 700, 000.
Nineteen metropolitan areas have 5,000 or more Indians; the Los Angeles urban complex
has about 82,000.
Over 10 percent of the more than 200 Indian reservations have 5000 or more
Indians, the largest being the Navajo with some 166,000 Indians. Most of the 500 or so
tribes and groups recognized by US Government have few members. In only five states
(Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and South Dakota) Indians make more than
5% of the population.
All American Indians are citizens of the US.24
24
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 78
128
EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.2.1 FOLOSIRE
Timpul Prezentul Simplu (The Simple Present Tense) este unul dintre cele mai
importante noiuni de gramatic din limba englez i, prin urmare, va fi primul studiat n
acest suport de seminar.
n ceea ce privete timpurile verbale exist o deosebire important ntre timpurile
verbale romneti i cele englezeti: aspectul. Spre deosebire de timpurile verbale
romneti, cele englezeti au aspectul simplu i continuu.
n limba englez exist urmtoarele timpuri verbale:
129
Timpul Present Tense Simple exprim o aciune general (mai precis obiceiuri,
evenimente sau fapte care se repet urmnd un anumit model) sau adevruri general
valabile cum ar fi proverbe sau lucruri de necontestat. Adverbele care nsoesc de obicei
acest tip de prezent sunt: every day/month/year, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,
ever, never, once a day etc.
- comentarii sportive:
Eg.: The goal-keeper misses the ball and one more goal is scored.
- declaraii:
- titluri de ziare:
130
1.2.2 FORMARE
Din punct de vedere al formei, Prezentul Simplu este identic cu infinitivul scurt.
Ceea ce l difereniaz de alte timpuri verbale este terminaia s sau es care se adaug la
persoana a-III-a, nr. singular. Aceast terminaie implic anumite schimbri n
structura verbului cum ar fi:
1. Verbele care se termin n ss; -ch; -sh; -x adaug terminaia es care se pronun
[iz]
Eg.: I go he goes
I do he does
131
n schimb, cele care se termin n y dar este precedat de o vocal adaug numai un s
i se pronun [z]:
Acest timp verbal are trei forme: afirmativ, negativ i interogativ. Formele
interogativ i negativ au nevoie de verbul auxiliar to do pentru a se forma.
De exemplu, pentru a forma negativul se adaug forma do sau does ntre subiect
i forma de infinitiv scurt a verbului de conjugat i negaia not.
O alt subdiviziune a timpului Prezentul Simplu este Prezentul Istoric mai rar
folosit n limbajul de zi cu zi dar foarte des ntlnit n povestiri, prezentri istorice,
naraiuni sau pentru a dramatiza o situaie sau un eveniment:
Eg.: To make England more prosperous, Elisabeth Tudor wants to find a peaceful
answer to the English Reformation. The Queen also encourages merchant expansion. She
recognizes Spain as her rival and enemy.
132
Eg.: The lord tells his butler to call him a taxi. The butler, who never contradicts his
master, says: Yes sir, you are a taxi.
Activiti programate oficial sau aciuni care fac parte dintr-un program
stabilit pentru viitorul apropiat.
Eg.: The train for Liverpool leaves in five minutes. On July the 1st our school
organizes a trip to the Old Valley. The students who go on this trip have been told that
the coach leaves at 7 a.m. sharp.
ATENIE!
n limba englez exist anumite categorii de verbe care folosesc numai aspectul
simplu precum:
133
Eg.: I think he did not do any mistakes. .
134
a atepta: They are expecting the concert unpatiently.
6. to taste stare permanent: I tasted his food and it is always too salty.
3 EXERCISES (EXERCISES):
25
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006
135
Model: I always watch TV after dinner. (never during dinner)
I never watch TV during dinner.
1. Our children dont play in the street. (usually in the park not far from our house)
2. Mrs. Jones goes shopping on Tuesdays and Fridays. (seldom at weekends)
3. As a rule, my parents leave for work at 7.30 a.m. (never so early on Saturday or
Sunday)
4. How often do you go on trips? (once a month)
5. Romanian families spend a lot of money on heating their homes in winter. (in
summer any money)
6. People who live in the country keep their doors locked by night. (never by day)
7. Do you ever go to work by taxi? (sometimes when Im late)
8. Children usually have a cup of milk for breakfast. (not for lunch as a rule)
9. Bill often rides his bike on his way to work in fine weather. (never in rainy
weather)
10.Professor Johnson delivers a course on Public Health every Wednesday. (not on
any other day)
1. I am an engineer.
2. I am a graduate in Automatics.
3. I can speck two foreign languages, German and French.
4. This is the first job I am applying from.
136
5. I live in this town.
6. No, I am not married yet.
7. I have a driving license but I dont have my own car.
8. I enjoy traveling so I am eager to represent the companys interests wherever I
3. Put in the correct form of the Present Progressive. (Completai spaiile libere
cu forma corect a structurii Prezent Simplu):
4. Turn the following sentences into the question form and then into the negative
26
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006
137
1. We write our homework.
2. It snows every week.
3. She feels better.
4. Nobody listen him.
27
5. Her cousin plays the violin.
5. Put in the correct form of the Present Tense Simple. (Completai spaiile
libere cu forma corect a timpului Prezentul Simplu):
7. Turn the following sentences into the negative form. (Trecei urmtoarele
propoziii la negative.)
8. Put the time expressions between the brackets in the right place. (Introducei
adverbele din paranteze la locul corespunztor):
139
1. We visit him. (often)
2. I speak to him. (hardly ever)
3. They go to the theatre. (rarely)
140
13. Ce se vede prin fereastra pe care v uitai?
10. Read the following in the third person singular. Do not change the object if it
is plural. (Citii urmtoarele propoziii la persoana a-III-a singular. Nu schimbai
subiectul propoziiei dac este la plural):
141
15.She carries a sleeping bad.
16.He usually believes you.
17.She dances in competitions.
18.You remember the address.
19. She plays chess very well.
UNIT VIII
FOCUS: TIMPURILE VERBALE (CONTINUARE)
28
A.J. Thomson, A.V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, Exercises 1, Ed. Oxford University Press, Bucureti, 2008,
pag. 49-51.
142
1. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (PREZENTUL CONTINUU)
1.1: TEXT CU PREZENTUL CONTINUU
1.2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.2.1 FORMARE
1.2.2 FOLOSIRE
1.3: EXERCIII
PHRASES:
143
To rain cats and dogs = a ploua torenial
As far as Im concerned = n ceea ce m privete
TEXT:
Read and translate the following text. (Citii i traducei urmtorul text):
144
large snowflackes falling from the sky is absolutely wonderful. But I am not the
only one who loves winter. Many people do, people who enjoy skating, skiing,
not to mention the children whose joy of making snowmen, sliding and throwing
snowballs to one another cant be described. As you see, for me the winter is not
just cold and frost.
Ann: Well, I guess youre right. Anyway, Im sure Ill always like the summer best.29
1.2.1 FORMARE
Eg.: He is coming.
29
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tanasescu, Curs de Engleza Generala, Ed. Teora, Bucuresti, 1998, pag. 88
145
Eg.: Is Susan a pleasant girl?
146
5. Verbele terminate in y adaug sufixul ing n toate cazurile:
To buy buying
To cry crying
To obey obeying
To play playing
To say saying
To try trying30
1.2.2 FOLOSIRE
1. Aciuni care se desfoar fie n prezent, fie n momentul vorbirii, fie n general:
2. Exist i situaia n care timpul Prezentul Continuu este folosit pentru a arta
30
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006, pag.341
147
Not: Dac ntr-o fraz exist dou aciuni care au loc n acelai timp, la timpul Prezentul
Continuu, numai o singur form de participiu se adaug aceasta fcnd parte din cel de-
al doilea verb:
Eg.: John was planting and watering a flower in the same time.
3. Prezentul Continuu este folosit n aciuni care au loc n prezent i care includ
Eg.: We are having an exam today. We have just handed the written papers
and now we are waiting for the results.
4. Acest timp mai poate indica o aciune care se desfoar ntr-un viitor apropiat
fiind folosit n general cu verbe de micare ca: tomorrow, next Monday, next week,
these days, soon.
148
Exist n limba englez o categorie de verbe care nu pot fi folosite cu timpul
Prezent Continuu ci numai cu timpul Prezent Simplu. Ele pot fi grupate dup cum
urmeaz:
n schimb verbe ca: gaze, listen, look at, observe (watch), stare i watch implic o
folosire deliberat a simurilor i pot fi folosite cu timpul continuu:
Eg.: Watch!
Im watching but I dont see anything unusual.
He is listening to a tape, but he is wearing earphones so nobody else hears
it.
adore, apreciate (value), care for (like), desire, detest, dislike, fear, hate, like, love,
mind (care), respect, value, want, wish.
Eg.: Hes enjoying his holiday in the Artic zone. He hates turistic places and
he doesnt mind the cold.
(understand), assume, believe, expect (think), feel (think), feel sure/certain, forget,
149
know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, recollect, remember, see
(understand), see through someone (panatrate his attempt to deceive), suppose,
think (have an oppinion), trust (believe/have confidence in), understand.
E. VERBE AUXILIARE
1.3. EXERCIII:
1. Our children dont play in the street. (usually in the park not far from our home)
2. Mrs. Jones goes shopping on Tuesdays and Fridays. (seldom at weekends )
3. As a rule, my parents leave for work at 7.30 a.m. (never so early on Saturday
and Sunday)
4. How often do you go on trips? (once a month)
5. Romanian families spend a lot of money on heating their houses in winter. (in
150
9. Bill often rides his bike on his way to work in fine weather. (never in rainy
weather)
10. Professor Johnson delivers a course on Public Health every Wednesday. (not on
2. Situation. (Situaie):
Bob White has been accepted for an interview with the manager of a big
company. He has to answer the managers questions. Here are Bobs answers. Tell
which were the questions he was asked and then give the answers. (Bob White a fost
acceptat la un interviu cu directorul unei companii mari. El trebuie s rspund la
ntrebrile directorului. Spunei ce ntrebri i s-au pus i apoi relatai rspunsurile):
1. I am an engineer.
2. I am a graduate in Automatics.
3. I cand speak two foreign languages, German and French.
1. Does the scientist know how much his invention would cost/how much costs his
inventions?
151
2. Do you know where Janes purse is/where is Janes purse?
5. We happen to meet quite often when we come/are coming out from work.
6. Tim never sleeps/is never sleeping more than six hours a night.
7. Drivers must never speak on thir mobile phone while they drive/are driving.
8. Mind the traffic lights before you cross/are crossing the road.
9. Ill find out the truth as soon as I get/am getting his letter.
4. Fill up the following sentences according to the model, using the words in
brackets. (Completai propoziiile de mai jos potrivit modelului folosind cuvintele
din parantez):
Model: a. Children enjoy staying in the open when spring comes. (so the
grown-ups)
Children enjoy staying in the open when spring comes, and so
do the grown-ups.
b. Taking too many pills doesnt make you good. (neither thinking
about your illness all the time)
Taking too many pills doesnt make you good and neither
thinking about your illness all the time)
1. Teachers hold on to the idea that young people should be adviced what to do
152
4. Tom pretends he doesnt know who has eaten the cookies. (so his sister)
5. The Smiths dont put out with loud music. (neither their neighbours)
6. My fellow workers dont take to our new boss. (neither - I)
7. The building of the new Townhall involves a huge sum of money. (so the
renovation of an old one)
8. Harry cant stand by his promise. (neither - I)
9. This document doesnt set out any firm clausses. (neither the previuos one)
10. I assure you the manager doesnt intend to turn down your proposal.
(neither any of us)
5. Build up questions derived from the sentences bellow, using the words in
brackets and the Present Continuous Tense. (Construii ntrebri derivate din
propoziiile de mai jos, folosind cuvintele din parantez i prezentul continuu.)
153
6. The children are playing in the street. (why, not call in)
..
7. Dinner is ready. (you, come, have it)
..
8. I want to read the todays newspaper. (still, read, you)
..
9. Jim is beating his little brother. (why, behave, badly)
..
10.Mary is talking with a young boy in the corner of the street. (who, boy, with)
...
1. The Archers have deceided to plant some trees in their garden this week-end.
2. Sheila has planned to change her job for a better one this year.
3. The Government has in view to allot a considerable sum of money for the
modernization of schools this year.
4. The students have deceided to start a course on computers next week.
5. Jims parents have saved money to send him to a summer camp.
6. The greengrocer has just unloaded a hundred pounds of fruit to sell today.
7. As Dick hasnt enough money to buy a new car, he intends to buy a second hand
one.
154
8. Mrs Wood, our history teacher, is ready to begin the first class of the day in a few
minutes.
9. I hope that the pop star is willing to give autographs at the end of the show.
10. As I have taken my car to be repaired, I have deceided to walk for a day or two.31
7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous Tense. (Punei verbele
din parantez la timpul Prezentul Continuu)
14.Someone (knock) at the door. Shall I answer it? I (come) in a minute. I just (wash)
my hands.
15.She always (ring) up and (ask) questions.
16.Why you (make) a cake? Someone (come) to tea?
31
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006, pag. 343 -346
155
17.Where is Tom? He (lie) under the car.
18.Can I borrow your pen or you (use) it at the moment?
19.You (do) anything this evening? No, Im not. Well, I (go) to the cinema. Would
you like to come with me?
20.We (have) breakfast at 8.00 tomorrow as Tom (catch) an early train.
21.Ann usually does shopping, but I (do) it today as she is not well.
22.Why do you (type) so fast? You (make) a lot of mistakes.
23.Mother (rest) now. She always rests after lunch.
24. They (dig) an enormous hole just outside my gate. What they (do) that for? I dont
notes.
27.What you (wait) for? I (wait) for my change; the boy just (get) it.
28.I cant hear what you (say); the traffic (make) too much noise.
29. She always (lose) her glasses and (ask) me to look for them.
30. Mother: What are you (look) at? Something (happen) in the street?
31. Child: Yes. The house opposite is on fire! Come and look!
156
UNIT IX
FOCUS: REVISION UNIT
THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE VS. THE PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE (EXERCISES)
TIMPUL PREZENTUL SIMPLU VS. TIMPUL PREZENTUL
CONTINUU (EXERCIII)
157
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple Present or the Present Continuous
Tense. (Punei verbele din parantez la timpul prezentul simplu sau
continuu):
1. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
8. Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes.
12. Tom cannot have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it.
158
20. Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) able to learn
modern Greek.
21. I always (buy) lottery tickets but I never (win) anything.
22. You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday.
23. I will not tell you my secret unless you (promise) not to tell anyone. I (promise).
24. You always (write) with your left hand?
25. You (love) him? No, I (like) him very much but I (not love) him.
26. You (dream) at night? Yes, I always (dream) and because I (eat) too much
(build) a nest in the chimney. Why you (not put) wire across the tops of your
chimney? Tom (do) that sometimes but it (not seem) to make any difference.
159
2. Put the verbs in the brackets into the Simple Prezent Tense or Prezent
1. What Tom (think) of the Budget? He (think) it is most unfair.I (agree) with
him.
2. What this one (cost)? It (cost) forty pence.
3. You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight.
4. You (see) my car keys anywhere? No, I (look) for them but I (not see) them.
5. He never (listen) to what you say. He always (think) about something else.
6. This book is about a man who (desert) his family and (go) to live on a Pacific
Island.
7. You (understand) what the lecturer is saying? No, I (not understand) him at all.
8. What you (have) for breakfast usually? I usually (eat) a carrot and (drink) a glass
of cold water.
9. When the curtain (rise) we (see) a group of workers. They (picket) a gate factory.
10.Why you (walk) so fast today? You usually (walk) quite slowly. I (hurry) because I
(meet) my mother at 4 oclock and she (not like) to be kept waiting.
11. I (wish) that dog would lie down. He (keep) jumping up in my lap. I (think) he
160
18. It (save) time if you (take) the path through the woods? No, it (not matter) which
161
34. Why you (smoke) a cigar Mrs. Pitt? You (not smoke) cigars as a rule. I (smoke) it
because I (want) the ash. This book (say) the cigar ash mixed with oil (remove)
heat stains from wood.
35. Who (own) this umbrella. I (not know). Everybody (use) it but nobody (know)
who (own) it.
36. You (mind) if I (ask) you a question? That (depend) on the question. It (concern)
your brother. I (refuse) to answer any question about my brother.32
3. Make questions at Present Tense using the verbs below and the noun answer.
4. Put the verbs in italics in the Simple or Continuous Present Tense to practice
the contrast between habitual actions and actions in progress now or planned for
the near future. (Punei verbele din parantez la timpul prezentul simplu sau
continuu pentru a exersa contrastul dintre aciunile obinuite i aciunile n
desfurare n momentul vorbirii sau planificate pentru viitorul apropiat):
5. In pairs, ask and answer questions about television in your country. Use verbs in
the Simple and Continuous Present Tense. (n perechi, punei i rspundei la
ntrebri despre televiziunea din ara ta. Folosii verbe la Prezentul Simplu sau
Continuu):
163
11.Are you watching your favorite program this week? If yes, on what evening?
12.Do you buy the TV program? If yes, how often do you buy it?
13. What information does the Tv program contain?
14.Does the public ever participate as the audience at the tapings of the TV shows? If
yes, what kind of shows do they attend?
15.Are soap operas popular in your country?
16.Are they showing any this month? If yes, what are they about?
17. What do you think about television in general? Is it useful or harmful? Give
reasons for your answer.
6. Put the verbs in italics in the Simple or Continuous Present Tense. (Punei
verbele din parantez la timpul prezentul simplu sau continuu):
Dear Parents,
27. We (now, prepare) for our much-expected San Diego trip. Our big day will be
we (board) the train for the trip south. We (arrive) in Oceanside around 9.30 a.m.
Next, we (board) a bus for the trip to the San Diego Wild Animal Park.
28.We (spend) all the day there. Our train back to Los Angeles (leave) Oceanside at
6.30 and (arrive) at Union Station at 8.30 p.m.
29.We (know) you (read) our schedule carefully and (wonder) why we (not return) on
an earlier train.
30.Since the elementary students (study) plants and animals this term, we (think) it
best to spend as much time as we can in the Park.
31.The trip (cost) $35.00 for each elementary student and $50.000 for each parent
who (want) to join us.
164
32.We (look) forward to this exciting educational experience and (hope) you (share)
our enthusiasm.
Sincerely,
Elementary School Teacher
7. Put the verbs in italics in the Simple Present Tense to express sequences of
short (non-durative) actions. Note the use of the Continuous Present Tense for
actions of comparatively longer duration. (Punei verbele din parantez la timpul
prezentul simplu pentru a exprima aciuni scurte i care nu dureaz. Remarcai
folosirea prezentului continuu pentru actiuni de lung durata):
1. The musician are tuning up their violins. (conductor, come, bow the audience, start
conducting)
2. Two candles are burning on the mantlepiece. (The old lady come in, go to the
4. Someone is approaching the house. (Judy hurry down the steps, run to the gate,
34.Put the verbs in italics in the Simple or Continuous Present Tense. (Punei
verbele din parantez la prezentul simplu sau continuu):
165
I (think) it is going to rain now, but I (expect) it will clear up later.
Betty (see) the principal tomorrow. She (have) an interview with him.
I (not fear) what you (say); there is too much noise in the street.
'What are you doing?' 'I (taste) the soup.' 'What it (taste) like?' 'It (taste) delicious.'
I can not understand your behaviour, Alex. You (be) extremely rude today.
I (hear) that honey can be used as an antiseptic.
The Scotts (have) lunch in town next Sunday. They (not think) of going away for the
weekend.
I (expect) a telephone call from Cathy this afternoon.
I (see) you are impatient to leave.
The Smiths are very happy; they (have) two lovely daughters and now a son has been
born.33
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnase, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1998.
Georgiana Galateanu-Farnoaga, Deborah Parks, Execiii si Teste de Gramatic Englez,
Ed. Paralela 45, Bucureti, 2000.
Mihai M. Zdrenghea, Anca L. Greere, A Practical English Gramar with exercises, Ed.
Clusium, 1999.
33
Georgiana Galateanu-Farnoaga, Deborah Parks, Execitii si Teste de Gramatica Engleza, Ed. Paralela 45, Bucuresti, 2000,
pag. 77-84
166
Mariana ranu, Limba Englez, Sintez Gramatical complet prin enunuri i exerciii,
Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2002.
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs
Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti.
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, ed. Corint, Bucureti.
Ion Vldoiu, Verbele Modale Englezeti, Ed. AN-DA, Bucureti.
Jean Brossard, Sylvie Chevalier, Gramatica Alfabetic a Limbii Engleze, Ed. Teora,
Bucureti, 1998.
Dumitru Chioran, Irina Panovf, Ioana Poenaru, Exerciii de Gramatic Englez, Ed.
Teora, Bucureti,1955.
Constantin Paidos, English Grammar, Theory and Practice, Ed. Polirom, Bucureti,
2001.
Leon Levichi, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1994.
Leon Levichi, Ioan Preda, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, Ed. Mondero, Bucureti, 1992.
CONTENT
167
UNIT VI: MODAL VERBS..88
UNIT VII: THE SIMPLE PREZENT TENSE....129
UNIT VIII: THE PREZENT CONINUOUS TENSE..146
UNIT IX: REVISION UNIT: PREZENT TENSE SIMPLE VS. PREZENT TENSE
CONTINUOUS..161
BIBLIOGRAPHY....170
168