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Elementary
Alexandrina-Corina Andrei
Everyday English
Elementary
comunicare.ro
Table of contents
UNIT 1. Hello! / 11
A. Vocabular / 11
B. Gramatic / 14
Pronumele personal / 14
Adjectivul posesiv / 15
Pronumele posesiv / 15
Articolul nehotrt / 16
Articolul hotrt / 19
Verbul TO BE / 20
UNIT 2. My Family / 23
A. Vocabular / 23
B. Gramatic / 25
Verbul TO HAVE / 25
Pluralul substantivelor / 27
Genitivul substantivelor / 31
Numeralul cardinal / 33
UNIT 8. Revision / 79
UNIT 9. A Stranger in Town / 85
A. Vocabular / 86
B. Grammar / 88
Modal verbs / 88
C. Writing Skils / 94
The Narration Paragraph / 94
B. Grammar / 103
Demonstratives and quantifiers / 103
Modul imperativ / 107
Cuvnt introductiv
UNIT 1
Hello!
I am a student in Bucharest
and I am 19 years old. Maria is a
student, too. She is 20 years old. I
am from Bucharest and Maria is
from Constana. We are friends.
Tom and Mihai are friends. They
are students, too. Tom is from Britain and he is in Bucharest now.
Mihai is from Romania, from Iai.
Today is our first day at the faculty. We are happy to meet our
colleagues.
Hello! Im Helen. Whats your name?
My name is Maria. Where are you from?
I am from Bucharest, and you?
I am from Constana. Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you.
There are many students at the faculty today. They are happy to meet
new people and make new friends.
A. Vocabular
day = zi
first = primul, prima
friend = prieten
from = de la, din
happy = fericit
make = a face
to meet = a (se) ntlni
name = nume
new = nou, nou, noi
now = acum
people = oameni
that = aceea, acela
there are = sunt, se afl, exist
there is = este, se afl, exist
these = acestea, acetia
this = aceasta, acesta
those = acelea, aceia
today = astzi
11
Formule de prezentare
How do you do? = Ce mai facei?
Nice to meet you. = mi face plcere s te cunosc.
Nice meeting you. = ______, __________
Let me introduce ... to you. = D-mi voie s i-l prezint pe ...
This is ... (prenumele persoanei) = se folosete informal, ntre prieteni, colegi.
Exerciii
I. Completai spaiile goale cu cuvintele de mai jos:
friends
name
is
from
what
Italy
France
Britain
Russia
Germany
Holland
Switzerland
2. danez
3. japonez
4. spaniol
5. chinez
B. Gramatic
Pronumele personal
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Plural
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
I
you
he (masculin)
she (feminin)
it (neutru)
we
you
**
they
Exerciii
I. Completai spaiile goale cu pronumele personale de mai jos:
It
We
You
She
They
1. ... am a student.
2. ... are at home.
3. ... is a friend.
4. ... is a good architect.
5. ... is an interesting book.
6. are at the faculty.
7. are very glad to be here with us.
*
**
14
Ei sunt ingineri.
Ne pare bine s ne ntlnim cu voi.
Jos nu este italian, el este spaniol.
Frana i Germania sunt ri europene.
Nu sunt ocupat.
Maria i Ana sunt prietene.
Noi nu suntem profesori, suntem studeni.
Eti acas ast-sear?
mi pare ru.
Ele sunt prietene.
Adjectivul posesiv
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Plural
my = meu/mea/
mei/mele
your= tu/ta/ti/tale
Persoana 1
Pronumele posesiv
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Plural
mine = al/a/ai/ale
meu/mea/mei/mele
yours = al/a/ai/ale
tu/ta/ti/tale
his = al/a/ai/ale lui
hers = al/a/ai/ale ei
its = al/a/ai/ale ei
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
ours= al/a/ai/ale
noastre
yours= al/a/ai/ale lor
Persoana a 3-a
Exerciii
I. Completai spaiile goale cu pronumele personale sau adjectivele posesive de mai jos:
Our
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Their
We
Her
My
you
They
Articolul nehotrt
A = un, o (naintea substantivelor care ncep cu o consoan)
An = un, o (naintea substantivelor care ncep cu o vocal)
ntrebuinri:
a) Se folosete pentru a introduce un substantiv pentru prima dat n text.
b) Se folosete numai cu substantive care se pot numra. Substantivele
nume de materie (wine, sugar, meat, bread etc.), precum i substantivele
abstracte (time, weather, happiness etc.) nu se pot numra i deci nu pot
primi articolul nehotrt.
c) Se folosete naintea unor substantive care denumesc meserii i ocupaii.
16
Not!
W i y sunt semiconsoane i se comport asemenea unor consoane la
nceput de cuvnt, deci vor primi determinani de consoane: a; th
pronunat ca naintea unei consoane.
Litera h la nceputul unor cuvinte mprumutate din limba francez nu
se pronun. De exemplu: hour, heir, honour. Aadar cuvintele care
ncep cu aceste sunete vor primi articolul nehotrt an. Deci, atenie!
a sau an se pun n faa unei vocale sau consoane, aadar n faa unui
sunet care are aceste caracteristici.
Exemple:
This is a teacher.
He is a policeman.
This is an apple.
This is an orange.
Mike is a doctor.
Exerciii
I. Completai spaiile goale cu articolele nehotrte corespunztoare:
1. .... boy
2. ...... house
3. .... pineapple
4. .... pen
17
5..... horse
6. .... butterfly
7 .... eye
8. .... telephone
9. .... man
II. Dai ase exemple de substantive care nu primesc articolul nehotrt an.
III. Cinci dintre substantivele de mai jos nu pot fi precedate de articolul
nehotrt. Care sunt acestea?
wine; book; sugar; weather; apple; exercise; student; beer; flower; cat;
bread; teacher; road; train
18
Articolul hotrt
The se citete () n faa unui substantiv care ncepe cu o consoan;
(i) n faa unui substantiv care ncepe cu o vocal.
Cazuri de ntrebuinare:
1. nsoete un substantiv care a mai fost menionat n text.
2. Se pune n faa unor substantive unice, ca de exemplu: the earth, the
sun etc.
3. Se folosete atunci cnd substantivul este precedat de o prepoziie.
Exemplu: at the theatre, in the garden, to the cinema etc.
Excepii: at home, go home, in bed, go to bed.
Substantivele school, church, hospital, prison, university au un regim
puin mai special. Acestea nu vor primi articol hotrt dac ne referim la ele
ca la instituiile n care se desfoar activiti legate de specificul lor, iar cel
care face aciunea este implicat n aceste activiti.
Fr articolul the (articolul zero)
Cu articolul the
19
Verbul TO BE
Timpul prezent
Afirmativ
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Plural
I am = eu sunt
you are = tu eti
he is = el este
she is = ea este
it is = el/ea este
(neutru)
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Negativ
Singular
Plural
Persoana 1
I am not = eu nu sunt
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Persoana a 3-a
Interogativ
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
am I? = sunt eu?
are you? = eti tu?
is he? = este el?
is she? = este ea?
is it? = este el/ea?
Plural
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Exerciii
I. Trecei la forma negativ i la cea interogativ urmtoarele propoziii:
1. Jack is a pilot.
2. The students are in the library.
3. We are happy.
4. Maria is from Madrid.
5. We are at home.
20
UNIT 2
My Family
My name is Mark. I am 20
years old. I have a big family.
My mothers name is Anne. She
is a doctor. She is 42 years old.
She works in a hospital, near our
house. My fathers name is John.
He is 45 years old. He is an engineer. He works in a construction company. I have a sister
and a brother.
My sisters name is Susan. She is 17. She is a pupil. My brothers name
is Stuart. He is 19. He is a student. I have two uncles, who are my mothers
brothers and three aunts. One is mothers sister, and two are my fathers
sisters. I also have five cousins. All my grandparents live in the country. I
love to spend my holidays with them. I also have a dog, Spot, and a cat,
Whiskers. They are very good friends.
A. Vocabular
all = toi, toate
aunt = mtu
big = mare
brother = frate
cousin = vr, verioar
father = tat
grandparents = bunici
house = cas
to love = a iubi
pupil = elev, elev
sister = sor
to spend = a petrece
uncle = unchi
who = cine
23
Emily Frank
(66) (72)
Anne John
(42) (45)
Mark
(20)
Stuart
(19)
Tom Hellen
(39) (35)
Susan
(17)
Jim
( 33)
Louise Frank
(43) ( 46)
Emma
(14)
Exerciii
I. Citii propoziiile de mai jos i stabilii care sunt adevrate (T/TRUE) i
care sunt false (F/FALSE).
T
1. Mark is 19 years old.
2. Susan is his mother.
3. His grandparents live in the country.
4. He has a sister.
5. His sisters name is Anne.
6. Emma is Marks sister.
7. Billy and Lucas are brothers.
II. ncercuii cuvintele care nu aparin categoriei respective:
1. sister
2. my
3. am
4. father
5. teacher
brother
her
live
Romanian
architect
mother
I
is
French
name
24
student
their
are
British
engineer
B. Gramatic
Verbul TO HAVE = a avea
Face parte din categoria verbelor auxiliare i, alturi de verbul to be,
formeaz interogativul prin inversarea subiectului cu predicatul, iar negativul
prin simpla adugare a negaiei not.
Timpul prezent
Afirmativ
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
I have = eu am
you have = tu ai
he/she/it has = el/ea are
Plural
we have = noi avem
you have = voi avei
they have = ei/ele au
Negativ
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Plural
25
Interogativ
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Plural
have I? = am eu?
have you? = ai tu?
has he/she/it? = are el/ea?
Exerciii
I. Cu ajutorul unui dicionar gsii i alte expresii formate cu ajutorul verbului to have.
II. Completai spaiile goale cu cuvintele de mai jos:
has
Her
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
father
sisters
My
Its
have
Are
26
brothers
he
an
in
Is
Pluralul substantivelor
Plurale regulate
n aceast categorie intr substantivele care formeaz pluralul prin
adugarea terminaiei -s la forma de singular.
Reguli ortografice:
1. Substantivele terminate in y:
cnd y este precedat de o consoan, acesta se va transforma n ies:
lorry
lorries
fly
flies
secretary
secretaries
cnd y este precedat de o vocal va rmne neschimbat:
play
plays
toy
toys
boy
boys
2. Substantivele terminate n -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -z, -x, -th formeaz pluralul
prin adugarea vocalei e + s:
bus
buses
class
classses
bush
bushes
tax
taxes
3. Substantivele terminate in -f, -fe formeaz pluralul prin transformarea
lui f n v+es:
wolf
wolves
knife
knives
Excepii:
roof
roofs
handkerchief handkerchiefs
4. Substantivele terminate n -o formeaz pluralul prin adugarea
terminaiei -es:
tomato tomatoes
potato
potatoes
Excepii:
piano
pianos
photo
photos
5. Substantive de origine strin:
Cele teminate n -um primesc la plural terminaia -a:
datum
data (dat, informaie)
memorandum memoranda
27
Plural
men
women
children
teeth
geese
feet
mice
lice
oxen
Substantive compuse
1. Substantivele compuse scrise ntr-un singur cuvnt formeaz pluralul
n conformitate cu regulile generale privind numrul plural al substantivelor:
classroom
classrooms
blackboard
blackboards
2. Substantivele formate din pri de vorbire principale legate, sau nu,
prin linioar de unire formeaz pluralul urmnd regulile menionate mai sus.
Semnul de plural l primete cuvntul care d sensul cuvntului compus
(substantivul de baz):
school-mate
school-mates
3. Cnd substantivul compus este format i din prepoziii, adverbe etc.,
semnul de plural l va primi substantivul:
passer-by
passers-by
mother-in-law
mothers-in-law
4. Cnd primul element al substantivului compus este man sau woman,
ambele substantive primesc semnul pluralului:
man-servant
men-servants
woman-servant
women-servants
28
Plural
apartments = camere; locuine, apartamente
ashes = cenu
clothes = haine
colours = 1. culori. 2. pavilion, steag, drapel
customs = 1. obiceiuri. 2. vam
damages = despgubiri
glasses = pahare; ochelari
pains = dureri; osteneal
Substantive defective
Au aceeai form i la singular i la plural.
sheep (oaie)
sheep
deer (cerb)
deer
aircraft (aeronav)
aircraft
Substantive care au numai form de singular, dar nu se pot numra.
Pentru a le numra se folosete expresia:
a piece of
equipment
furniture (mobil)
Substantive cu form de plural i cu neles de singular. Ele se acord cu
verbul la singular.
news (tiri)
mathematics
physics
measles (pojar)
Substantive ca trousers, glasses, pyjamas, scissors au numai form de
plural i se acord cu verbul la pural. Pentru a le numra se folosete
expresia a pair of.
Exemplu: a pair of trousers = o pereche de pantaloni.
29
Substantive colective
Substantive ca: family, orchestra, team, crew, committee etc. sunt
substantive colective. Ele se acord cu verbul la singular, cnd sunt privite
ca un tot unitar i la plural, cnd ne referim la toi membrii componeni ai
colectivului respectiv. Substantivele police i cattle se acord numai la
plural.
Exerciiu
I. Punei la plural urmtoarele substantive:
1. child
11. rash
21. basis
2. potato
12. brother
22. cloth
3. half
13. memorandum
23. furniture
4. equipment
14. county
24. handkerchief
5. box
15. gulf
25. wolf
6. face
16. match
26. advice
7. mouse
17. life
27. foot
8. toy
18. cry
28. glass
9. man
19. mouth
29. window
10. town
20. cliff
30. datum
30
Genitivul substantivelor
Exist dou modaliti de exprimare a posesiei cu ajutorul cazului genitiv:
1. Genitivul sintetic (s sau ~s).
2. Genitivul analitic (cu prepoziia of).
1. Genitivul sintetic
a) Se adaug s la forma de singular i la forma de plural a substantivelor
neregulate.
boys, mens, childrens etc.
posesor+ s + obiect posedat the boys toy; the childrens dog
posesori+ obiect posedat
the boys toy
b) Cazuri de ntrebuinare:
dup nume de fiine.
n componena unor nume de magazine. Exemplu: bakers, grocers etc.;
cu nume de ri. Exemplu: Romanias population;
cu uniti de timp, greutate, distan, valoare, msuratori. Exemplu: a
five minutes conversation, a two miles distance;
substantivele nume proprii terminate n -s: se poate pune fie substantivul+s, fie substantivul +. Nu exist o regul.
Exemplu: Keats poems sau Keatss poems
2. Genitivul analitic
a) Se formeaz cu ajutorul prepoziiei of: the + obiectul posedat + of +
the + posesor.
Exemplu: the pages of the book
b) Cazuri de ntrebuinare:
cu nume de obiecte;
cu nume de fiine, n special atunci cnd avem o serie de genitive.
Exemple:
the doors of the room
He is the brother of my sisters cousin.
31
Exerciii
I. Traducei n limba englez:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
II. E. Collins scrie povestiri poliiste. Iat cteva dintre titlurile acestora.
Scriei-le folosind una din cele dou forme de genitiv.
1. the gun ...... Mr. Stevenson
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
32
Numeralul cardinal
one
nine
seventeen
17
sixty
60
two
ten
10
eighteen
18
seventy
70
three 3
eleven
11
nineteen
19
eighty
80
four 4
twelve
12
twenty
20
ninety
90
five
thirteen 13
twenty-one 21
six
fourteen 14
thirty
30
seven 7
fifteen
15
forty
40
one million
1.000.000
eight 8
sixteen
16
fifty
50
a/one billion
1.000.000.000
Citirea miilor se poate face fie citind numerele cifr cu cifr, fie astfel:
1964 = nineteen hundred and sixty four.
Cnd se scrie adresa, se va scrie nti numrul i apoi strada: 31,
Madison Avenue.
Exprimarea orei
n limba englez minutele se pun naintea orei.
Cuvinte i expresii folosite pentru exprimarea orei:
half = jumtate
quarter = sfert
past = i
to = fr
whats the time? sau what time is it? = ct este ceasul?
Its .. .
Exemple:
Este 9:20.
Este 9:20.
Este 5:58.
Exerciii
I. Scriei cu litere urmtoarele numere:
165; 14; 40; 55; 50; 25; 15; 1667; 888; 12; 89; 2001; 334; 3; 365; 878; 6;
607; 292; 08.
II. Scriei numerele de mai jos n ordinea corect:
six eleven two eight five nine three ten seven four six ten
III. Citii paragraful de mai jos. Identificai greelile de gramatic i de ortografie:
Her name Anne Porter.
Shes England.
His surname is Porter.
His address is Belgravia, 29, London.
She telephone number are 071 222 785.
She is an secretary.
IV. Scriei n litere urmtoarele ore:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
7:25
7:36
8:22
11:45
2:12
3:14
4:48
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
18:25
22:35
17:00
9:03
5:15
4:40
12:00
UNIT 3
A Day in My Life
A. Vocabular
a lot of = o mulime de
also = de asemenea (se pune dup
subiect)
another = altul, alta
bathroom = baie
breakfast = micul dejun
to brush = a spla, a peria
butter = unt
cereals = cereale, fulgi de cereale
to go = a merge
to go for a walk = a merge la (o)
plimbare
to go out = a iei n oras
to go to sleep = a merge la culcare
to have classes = a avea cursuri
jam = gem
kitchen = buctrie
to meet = a (se) ntlni
35
milk = lapte
such as = ca de exemplu, cum ar fi
to take a shower = a face (un) du
toast = pine prjit
too = de asemenea (se pune la
sfritul propoziiei, dup
virgul)
to wake up = a se trezi
summer
autumn
winter
36
Exerciii
I. Citii i potrivii jumtile de propoziii din coloana stng cu cele din
coloana din dreapta astfel nct s formai propoziii coerente i corecte
din punct de vedere gramatical:
1. I go to the bathroom
2. Every day my friend Ana goes to classes...
3. We sometimes
4. I go to the kitchen
5. I sometimes go for a walk
a. for breakfast.
b. in the park.
c. to take a shower.
d. at half past seven.
e. go to a caf.
Zilele sptmnii
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Zilele sptmnii se scriu ntotdeauna cu liter mare, indiferent de
locul ocupat n propoziie.
Se folosete prepoziia on cu zilele sptmnii. Exemplu: On Monday I
go to the theater.
Zilele sptmnii nu se articuleaz cu articolul hotrt.
Lunile anului
January
February
March
April
May
June
Jan.
Feb.
March
Apr.
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
B. Gramatic
Timpul prezent al verbelor noionale (Present Simple)
Prezentul simplu al verbelor noionale se folosete pentru a exprima:
o aciune care se petrece n mod obinuit;
o aciune repetat;
o situaie de rutin pe care o vedem ca permanent;
cu verbe care exprim sentimente, activiti mentale, percepii.
38
Exemple:
Formare
Afirmativ
Verbul are aceeai form la toate persoanele, cu excepia persoanei a
treia singular care primete terminaia -s.
Singular
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Plural
I go
you go
1
he/she/it goes
we go
you go
they go
Plural
I do
you do
he/she/it does
we do
you do
they do
La persoana a 3-a singular se aplic aceleai reguli ortografice care se aplic la pluralele
substantivelor.
39
Interogativ
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Singular
Plural
do I?
do you?
does he/she/it?
do we?
do you?
do they?
Singular
Plural
Negativ
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
I do not (dont)
you do not (dont)
he/she/it does not (doesnt)
we do not (dont)
you do not (dont)
they do not (dont)
Plural
Do I go?
Do you go?
Does/he/she/it go?
Do we go?
Do you go?
Do they go?
Negativ
Negativul verbelor noionale se formeaz astfel:
Subiect + do (conjugat la prezent) + not + verbul de conjugat pus la
infinitivul scurt.
Persoana 1
Persoana a 2-a
Persoana a 3-a
Singular
Plural
40
Numeralul ordinal
Numeralele ordinale exprim numeric locul pe care-l ocup ntr-o niruire diferite obiecte:
the first = primul
the twelfth
the twenty-third
the second = al doilea
the thirteenth
the thirtieth
the third = al treilea
the fourteenth
the fortieth
the fourth = al patrulea
the fifteenth
the fiftieth
the fifth = al cincilea
the sixteenth
the sixtieth
the sixth = al aselea
the seventeenth
the seventieth
the seventh = al aptelea
the eighteenth
the eightieth
the eighth = al optulea
the nineteenth
the ninetieth
the ninth = al noulea
the twentieth
the hundredth
the tenth = al zecelea
the twenty-first
the hundred and first
the eleventh
the twenty-second
Scrierea datei n limba englez
n limba englez data se exprim cu ajutorul numeralului ordinal.
Exist mai multe posibiliti de scriere a datei:
Luni 15 februarie 1989:
Monday, 15th February, 1989 (se citete the fifteenth of February)
Monday, February 15th, 1989 (se citete February the fifteenth)
Monday, February 15, 1989 (se citete February the fifteenth)
Exerciii
I. Traducei n limba englez:
1. De obicei iau micul dejun la ora 6:30.
2. Vrei s mergi la teatru cu noi ast-sear?
3. Uneori mi place s m plimb n parc.
4. La ce or te scoli dimineaa?
5. Maria se spal pe dini dup fiecare mas.
6. Vreau s beau un pahar cu ap.
7. John nu se ntlnete cu prietenii si.
8. Ce dat este astzi?
9. Astzi este 21 iulie 2002.
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II. Punei verbele din paranteze la forma corespunztore, fcnd modificrile necesare:
1. I (go) ...... to work by bus, but my brother (go) ...... by car.
2. Lucy (not, speak) ...... French. She (speak) ...... English.
3. (go, you) shopping on Friday?
4. I (read, often) ...... a book in the evening.
5. (she, write, always) to her parents once a week?
6. They (go, sometimes) ...... to the cinema with their friends.
7. What date (it, be) ...... today?
8. A: (always, you, have breakfast) ...... at nine oclock?
No, I (not, do). I (have) ...... breakfast so late only on weekends.
III. Fiecare propoziie conine cte o greeal. Gsii-o i corectai-o:
1. She like apples.
2. They doesnt understand what the teacher says.
3. I have usually breakfast before I go to school.
4. The children go at the zoo on Sunday morning.
5. Sarah goes sleep at ten.
6. When do he comes?
He comes in Monday 20 June, I think.
7. There is three books on the table.
IV. Aceasta este o pagin din agenda lui Susan. Citii-o cu atenie i apoi
completai propoziiile de mai jos:
Susans calendar
Monday
Go to the cinema with John
Tuesday
Play tennis with John
Wednesday
Write to Helen
Thursday
Go shopping for Helens birthday
Friday
Go to the theatre with John
Saturday
Go to Helens birthday party
Sunday
Walk in the park
1. On Monday ...... .
2. On Saturday . .
3. On Wednesday . .
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4. On Tuesday .. .
5. On Thursday .
6. On Friday . .
V. Gsii definiia corect a cuvintelor din coloana stng n coloana dreapt:
1. briefcase =
2. comb =
3. shower =
4. clothes =
5. soap =
6. hairbrush =
7. toothbrush =
8. newspaper =
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Principalele prepoziii
Above
Over
To
From
Under
Below
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Exerciii
I. An interview
Susan is an English journalist. She interviews Andrei about Romanian
eating habits. Here are her questions. Read them and try to give answers.
1. When do you have your main meal?
2. Do you often eat soup?
3. Do you ever drink wine with your meals?
4. What do you eat for breakfast?
5. What do you like to drink at breakfast: tea or coffee?
6. How many meals do you eat every day?
7. Do you eat a special meal on Sunday?
II. n aproximativ 30 de cuvinte descriei o zi din viaa dumneavoastr.
III. Completai poezia de mai jos cu numele lunilor care lipsesc:
Thirty days has ...... (September).
A ......, J ......, and N......
All the rest have ......,
Except for F ...... alone;
Which has but twenty-eight, in fine,
Till leap year gives it ......
IV. Scriei numele ntregi ale abrevierilor de mai jos:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mon.
Thurs.
Sat.
Aug.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Apr.
Feb.
Jan.
Tues.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Sept.
Wed.
Nov.
Oct.
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UNIT 4
A. Vocabular
between = ntre doi, dou
to blow, blew, blown = a sufla
cafeteria = bufet/restaurant cu autoservire
cheese = brnz
chicken = pui
cold = frig
to drink, drank, drunk = a bea
to eat, ate, eaten = a mnca
to go for a walk = a merge la plimbare
ham = unc
45
Exerciii
I. Punei propoziiile de mai jos n ordinea corect, astfel nct s realizai
un dialog:
a. No, small please. And a tuna fish sandwich and some crisps, please.
______
b. OK. Here you are. Is that it? So, that comes to $3.85 altoghether.
_____
c. Thank you. ___
d. Do you take sugar? ___
e. Hello. Can I help you?___
f. Yes, two please.___
g. No, a plain one.____
h. Yes, Id like a cup of coffee. ____
i. Cheese and onion crisps? ___
j. Small, or big coffee?___
II. V plac, displac, sau nu putei s suferii urmtoarele alimente. Folosii
verbele de mai jos pentru a forma propoziii:
like
dislike
hate
1. chocolate
7. salami
12. grapes
2. coffee
8. donuts
13. bananas
3. salads
9. hamburgers
14. milk
4. chicken soup
10. cakes
15. tomatoes
5. cheese
11. fish
16. carrots
6. apples
Exemplu: I like carrots, but I hate hamburgers.
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apples
apple pie
coffee
hot chocolate
tuna salad
orange juice
toast
biscuits
cheese cake
bacon
1. I sometimes have ...... and ...... for breakfast, but today Im having
only a cup of ...... and some ...... with butter.
2. I am eating a ......, chicken and mashed potatoes and a ...... for dessert.
3. Martha is having only a ...... and an ...... .
4. Some people like to eat ...... with various flavours.
5. I like to drink a cup of ...... or ...... when it is cold outside.
6. Sam is going to the supermarket to buy some ...... .
7. They are drinking ...... .
8. Children like ...... .
IV. Traducei n limba englez:
1. Cnd vremea este frumoas, ne place s mergem la plimbare n parc.
2. Mihai st ntre Maria i Silvia.
3. El nu pune zahr n cafea.
4. mi plac salatele, n special salata verde.
5. Copiilor le place ngheata.
V. Privii fotografiile alturate i scriei numele fructelor i legumelor:
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B. Gramatic
Prezentul continuu (Present Continuous)
Prezentul continuu exprim o aciune n desfurare n momentul vorbirii
sau o aciune n desfurare ntr-o perioad de timp mai ndelungat dar care
include i momentul vorbirii. Cuvintele care cer prezentul continuu sunt:
now, at the moment, today, this week, this month, this year.
Formare: verbul be conjugat la prezent + infinitivul scurt al verbului de
conjugat.
Exemplu: I am writing a letter.
Afirmativ
Singular
Plural
Interogativ
Singular
Plural
Negativ
Singular
Plural
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49
Exerciii
I. Punei verbele de mai jos la prezentul continuu:
1. do 2. write
3. think
4. think
5. go
6. not, go
50
C. Dezvoltarea deprinderilor
de comunicare n scris
Writing Informal Letters
(corespondena cu caracter neoficial)
Scrierea unei vederi, a unei scrisori ctre un prieten sau o persoan apropiat se face folosind un stil simplu, informal. n cazul unei astfel de scrisori,
de obicei se pot folosi forme contrase att pentru verbe la toate formele:
afirmativ, interogativ i negativ, ct i pentru celelalte pri de vorbire.
Scrierea unei vederi
Adresa pe vederi se scrie astfel:
Numele destinatarului*
Numrul strzii, numele strzii
Localitatea
Statul, comitatul, judeul
Codul potal
ara
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UNIT 5
A. Vocabular
bathroom = baie
beautiful = frumos
bed spread = cuvertur
bed = pat
bedroom = dormitor
big = mare
desk = birou, mas de scris
dining room = sufragerie
to enjoy = a se bucura
garden = grdin
guest = musafir
home = cas, cmin
house = cas
joy = bucurie
kitchen = buctrie
to lie, lay, lain = a sta ntins,
a se ntinde
Exerciii
architect
doctor
teacher
plate
student
house
hospital
window
school
theatre
view
nice
beautiful
pretty
lovely
radio
television
carpet
video
CD player
on
to
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wardrobe
bathroom
pillow
chest of drawers
blanket
shoes
suitcase
glasses
hat
belt
gloves
jeans
rain coat
socks
sun glasses
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
B. Gramatic
Comparaia adjectivelor
Comparaia regulat
Adjective monosilabice:
Gradul comparativ: adjectivul la gradul pozitiv + terminaia er
Gradul superlativ: the + adjectivul la gradul pozitiv + terminaia est
Reguli ortografice:
1. Adjectivele terminate n consoan precedat de o vocal scurt dubleaz consoana pentru a nu se modifica vocala.
2. n cazul adjectivelor terminate n -y precedat de o vocal, y va rmne
nemodificat.
n cazul adjectivelor terminate n -y precedat de o consoan, y se va
transforma n i+e.
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Pozitiv
big
hard
happy
hot
Comparativ
bigger
harder
happier
hotter
Superlativ
the biggest
the hardest
the happiest
the hottest
Adjectivele plurisilabice:
gradul comparativ se formeaz astfel: more + forma de pozitiv.
gradul superlativ: se formeaz astfel: the + most + forma de pozitiv.
Pozitiv
beautiful
interesting
terrible
Comparativ
more beautiful
more interesting
more terrible
Superlativ
the most beautiful
the most interesting
the most terrible
Exerciiu
Punei la gradele comparativ si superlativ urmtoarele adjective:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
happy .
pretty
.
charming.
big
.
warm
.
boring .
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
short
difficult
easy
great
correct
long
.
.
.
.
.
.
Comparaia neregulat
Pozitiv
good = bun/
bad/ill = ru/bolnav
much = mult/
many = muli/e
Comparativ
better = mai bun/
worse = mai ru/mai bolnav
more = mai mult/
more = mai muli/e
little = puin
far = departe
near = apropiat
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Superlativ
the best = cel/cea mai bun/
the worst = cel mai ru/bolnav
the most = cel/cea mai mult/
the most = cei/cele mai muli/
multe
the least = cel mai puin
the farthest = cel mai departe
the furthest = cel mai deprtat
the last = ultimul dintr-o serie
the latest = cel mai ntrziat;
cel mai recent
the oldest = cel mai vechi;
cel mai btrn
the eldest = cel mai n vrst
(despre persoane din aceeai
familie i numai atributiv)
the nearest = cel mai apropiat
the next = urmtorul
Comparativul de superioritate: adjectivul la comparativ + than + termenul de comparat (mai ......... dect).
Exemplu: Tom is taller than Mike. (Tom este mai nalt dect Mike.)
Mike is taller than me. (Mike este mai nalt dect mine.)
Comparativul de egalitate: as + adjectivul la gradul pozitiv + as (la fel
de ...... ca i).
Exemplu: Tom is as tall as his friend. (Tom este la fel de nalt ca i
prietenul su.)
Comparativul de inferioritate: not so + adjectivul la pozitiv + as (nu att
de ca i).
Exemplu: Mike is not so tall as Tom. (Mike nu este la fel de nalt ca i
Tom.)
Exerciii
I. Completai spaiile goale cu adjectivele care lipsesc:
happy
good
fresh
late
easy
better
hotter
more dangerous
later
.
the happiest
...
the hottest
the freshest
the most dangerous
the easiest
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III. Punei cuvintele de mai jos n ordinea corect pentru a forma propoziii:
Exemplu:
Jane/You/make/better/coffee/than
You make better coffee than Jane.
1. daughters/writing/mine/nicer/is/My/than
2. Last/nights/was/more/than/difficult/homework/this
3. Jane/your/aster/run/can/than/sister
4. than/Today/yesterday/hotter/was
5. is/than/hotel/bigger/Your/mine/room
IV. Corectai greelile din propoziiile de mai jos:
1. This was the goodest holiday of my life. ......
2. The exercise you gave me is difficulter than this exercise. ......
3. Louise is more older than me. ......
4. Maria is more young than Tom. ......
5. The food in the caf is good this week than last week. ......
6. I think English is easy to learn than Russian. ......
7. Hellen is happiest person I know. ......
8. Anne is better swimmer me. ......
9. 10th January was the cold day of this winter. ......
10. The Marriott hotel is most expensive than the Minerva hotel. ......
V. Traducei n limba englez:
1. Rio de Janeiro este mai vechi dect Brasil.
2. Regina Elisabeta a doua este cea mai bogat persoana din Marea Britanie.
3. Fratele meu este mai nalt dect mine.
4. Care este cea mai popular marc de main?
5. Crezi ca parautismul este cel mai periculos sport?
6. Vaticanul este cel mai mic stat din lume.
7. Nilul este cel mai lung fluviu din lume.
VI. Rspundei la urmtoarele ntrebri:
1. What is the funniest programme on TV?
2. What is the most dangerous sport?
3. What is your favourite food?
4. Whos the most famous actor in Romania?
5. What is the highest mountain in the world?
58
Exerciii
I. Ce formule folosii n situaiile de mai jos:
1. You want to order a sandwich. How do you address the waiter?
2. Someone says Good night to you.
3. You answer the phone. It is 10:30 a.m.
4. It is your best friends birthday.
5. You meet a friend in the street on January 1st.
6. Someone has taken the driving test.
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UNIT 6
A. Vocabular
about = cam, aproximativ; despre
accommodation = cazare
to arrive = a ajunge la....
~ in = a alunge ntr-o localitate
~ at = a ajunge la o destinaie
to be, was, been = a fi
Bed and Breakfast = pensiune
reservation = rezervare
ride = cltorie, plimbare cu un vehicul
to ski = a schia
sleigh = sanie
snow = zpad
to stay = a sta
to take, took, taken = a lua
61
Exerciii
I. Rspundei la urmtoarele ntrebri:
1. Where did Maria go last Saturday?
2. Why did she go by train?
3. Were there many people in Braov?
4. Whom did she go with?
5. Where did they stay?
6. Where did they go in the evening?
7. When did they return home?
II. Corectai greelile din propoziiile de mai jos:
1. I go to work with car.
2. Were going sightsee today.
3. We went at the mountains.
4. Tom went to home.
5. You come to school by bus yesterday.
6. Spring and summer is seasons.
7. We has many friends.
III. Completai spaiile goale cu verbul take/took plus unul din cuvintele sau
expresiile de mai jos:
a course
an exam
train
umbrella
B. Gramatic
Timpul Past Tense simplu (Past Tense Simple)
Timpul Past Tense simplu se traduce n limba romn cu perfectul
simplu. El reprezint o aciune care a nceput i s-a terminat n trecut. De
obicei, se marcheaz cu adverbe de timp, cum ar fi: yesterday, last
week/month/year etc.
Verbe regulate
Verbele regulate formeaz Past Tense prin adaugarea terminaiei -ed la
forma de infinitiv scurt.
Afirmativ
Singular
I arrived = am ajuns
You arrived = tu ai ajuns
He/she/it arrived = el/ea a ajuns
Plural
We arrived = noi am ajuns
You arrived = voi ati ajuns
They arrived = ei au ajuns
Interogativ
Se formeaz astfel: verbul do conjugat la Past Tense + subiect + infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat.
Singular
Did I arrive? = am ajuns eu?
Did you arrive? = ai ajuns tu?
Did he/she/it arrive? = a ajuns el/ea?
Plural
Did we arrive? = am ajuns noi?
Did you arrive? = ai ajuns voi?
Did they arrive? = au ajuns ei/ele?
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Negativ
Se formeaz astfel: Subiect + verbul do conjugat la Past Tense + not +
infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat.
Singular
I did not (didnt) arrive = eu nu am sosit
Plural
We did not (didnt) arrive = noi nu am
ajuns
You did not (didnt) arrive = voi nu ai
ajuns
They did not (didnt) arrive = ei/ele nu
au ajuns
Verbe neregulate
n cazul verbelor neregulate, timpul Past Tense este reprezentat de forma
a doua a acestora. Verbele neregulate au trei forme: infinitiv scurt Past
Tense Past Perfect (folosit la formarea timpurilor compuse Present
Perfect, Past Perfect etc.)
Formele interogativ i negativ se formeaz ca i n cazul verbelor
regulate. Excepie fac verbele be, have i verbele modale, care se comport
ca i la prezent (interogativul se formeaz prin inversarea subiectului cu
predicatul, iar negativul prin adugarea negaiei not). La pagina 133 vei gsi
o list cu principalele verbe neregulate.
Exerciii
I. Completai spaiile goale cu verbul was sau were:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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II. Care din verbele de mai jos este regulat? Completai lista de mai jos cu
forma de Past Tense a verbelor:
stay
help
work
enter
come
begin
understand
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
find
leave
live
lie
lay
borrow
lend
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
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Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
67
I hope you will have a nice holiday/a great time. = sper c vei avea o
vacan plcut/te vei
distra bine
Im looking forward to hearing from you.
= atept cu nerbdare
veti de la tine
Give my love to........
= transmite-i dragostea
mea lui....
Im waiting for your reply.
= atept rspunsul tu
All the best,
= toate cele bune
Best regards,
= complimentele mele
All good wishes etc.
= cele mai bune urri etc.
Formule de ncheiere
Cele mai uzuale formule de ncheiere sunt:
Yours,
= a ta, al tu
Your friend,
= a ta prieten/al tu prieten
Love,
= cu dragoste
All my love,
= toat dragostea mea
Modele de scrisori
22, Church Street
Saffron Walden
18th January
Dear Janet,
I want to apologize because I couldnt find time to answer your letter
sooner, but I was out of town for several weeks.
The photographs you sent me are beautiful. Im mostly impressed by
how much your daughter, Ann, has grown. She is already a young lady. I
think she takes after you a lot.
Looking at her I have the feeling that Im looking at you when you were
her age. I would like to know more about her. Im writing to you, in fact, to
invite you both to spend the weekend at my country house. If you want to
come, I would like to know in advance.
Im looking forward to hearing from you,
Love,
Mary
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Dear Tom,
We are here at last! Im happy we decided to come to this wonderful
place.
You know I always wanted to see Madrid, so at last I managed to see it
with my own eyes.
Its an exciting city. Theres no time to sleep. There are so many things
to see, and so little time. If you want to see everything, then you need at least
a month. I can hardly wait to get back home and tell you more about the
people and places.
Looking forward to seeing you,
Love,
Beatrice
Exerciii
1. Prietenul tu i-a mprumutat o carte pe care ai pierdut-o. Scrie-i o
scrisoare n care i ceri scuze i te oferi s remediezi acest lucru.
2. Ai petrecut o vacan minunat mpreun cu familia prietenei tale la
ar. Scrie-i o scrisoare mulumindu-i pentru timpul minunat petrecut mpreun.
3. Doreti s-i srbtoreti ziua de natere smbta viitoare la munte.
Scrie-le o scrisoare prietenilor ti Janet i Mike, invitndu-i la petrecere.
4. Colega ta Elizabeth te-a invitat la teatru, dar nu poi merge deoarece ai
cursuri la facultate. Scrie-i o scrisoare, mulumindu-i pentru invitaie i
scuzndu-te c nu poi merge.
UNIT 7
A. Vocabular
to arrive (v) = a sosi
beer (n) = bere
birthday (n) = zi de natere
cake (n) = tort, prjitur
to celebrate (v) = a srbtori, a celebra
cheese (n) = brnz
dawn (n) = zori
dress (n) = rochie
to drink, drank, drunk (v)= a bea
guest (n) = musafir
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Exerciii
I. Rspundei la urmtoarele ntrebri:
1. What did Maria celebrate?
2. What was Maria wearing?
3. Were there many people at the party?
4. What did they eat?
5. What kind of cake was it?
6. Until when did the guests stay?
II. Cnd s-au nscut i cnd au murit aceste persoane? Alctuii propoziii
pentru fiecare.
Exemplu:
1. Christophor Columbus (1451-1506)
Christophor Columbus was born in 1451 and died in 1506.
2. Diana, Princess of Wales (1961-1997)
3. Genghis Khan (1162-1227)
4. Elvis Presley (1935-1977)
5. Joan of Arc (1412-1431)
6. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
III. Rezolvai exerciiile de mai jos bazate pe textul despre Gingis Han:
Genghis Khan was a famous Mongol conqueror. He was born in 1167
and died in 1227. He is known as one of the greatest military leaders of all
times.
After uniting the Mongol tribes, he conquered (1213 1215) most of the
Chin empire of Northern China.
From 1218 to1224 he subdued Turkistan and Afghanistan and raided
Persia and Eastern Europe.
A brilliant military leader, he ruled one of the greatest land empires of
history from his capital Karakorum. After his death, his empire was divided
among his sons and grandsons.
72
B. Gramatic
Past Tense continuu
Past Tense continuu exprim o aciune n desfurare ntr-un anumit
moment n trecut.
Formare: Verbul be conjugat la Past Tense + verbul de conjugat terminat
n -ing.
Exemple:
I/he/she/it was going
I/he/she/it was not (wasnt) going
was I/he/she/it going
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Past simplu
1. Pentru a exprima o aciune de durat,
care s-a desfurat i s-a terminat n
trecut.
I walked across the field.
2. Pentru a nara o aciune desfurat n
trecut.
He went to shool at eight oclock.
3. Pentru a exprima o aciune de o
durat scurt care ntrerupe aciunea
n desfurare.
While I was driving on the motorway I
saw an accident.
Exerciii
I. Punei verbele din paranteze la Past Tense continuu:
1. What (do) ...... this time last night?
2. The children were frightened because it (get) ...... dark.
3. It was a fine winter day and the roads were crowded because a lot of
people (rush) ...... to the mountains.
4. A: What (do) ...... yesterday at 8 oclock?
B: I (have) ...... dinner with my family.
5. He usually wears shoes but when I saw him yesterday he (wear) ......
boots.
6. There was nobody in the car but the engine (run) ......
7. It (rain) ...... so heavily that I got soaked.
8. Susan (stand) ...... in the bus stop when it started to rain.
9. Where (you, live) ...... when you got married?
10. While (he, learning) ...... to drive he had three accidents.
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II. Punei verbele din paranteze la Past Tense simplu sau continuu, n funcie
de situaie:
1. I (make) ...... a cake when Sharon (come) ......
2. He (watch) ...... television when the phone (ring) ......
3. I (not want) ...... to meet Peter so when he (enter) ...... the room I
(leave) ......
4. I (open) ...... the door when the wind (start) ...... blowing and (close)
...... it.
5. As I (walk) ...... in the park I (step) ...... on a banana skin and (fall)
......
6. She said she (like) ...... the smell of the perfume.
7. I (taste) ...... the soup when my brother (enter) ...... the kitchen.
8. While Mary (knit) ...... her cat (want) ...... to play with the wool.
9. A: Why is Tony in hospital?
B: He (work, in the garage) ...... when the gas tank (explode)
10. Yesterday we (have) ...... a houseful of children for my sons sixth
birthday party.
11. In the middle of the party, the phone (ring) , so I had to leave
the children alone for a few minutes. When I (come) ...... into the
room, most of the children (still/play) ...... together nicely. But over
in one corner, Bobby (pull) ...... Annies hair. I quickly (run) ......
over and (tell) ...... Bobby to stop.
III. Traducei n limba englez propoziiile de mai jos:
1. n timp ce uda florile a nceput s plou.
2. n timp ce mergeau pe strad au auzit o main venind din spatele
lor.
3. De ce m-ai ntrerupt? Aveam o conversaie foarte interesant cu
profesorul meu.
4. n timp ce el se urca n autobuz, acesta a pornit brusc i el a czut de
pe scara autobuzului.
5. Cnd l-am auzit btnd la u m-am dus s-o deschid, dar nu l-am
recunoscut pentru c purta ochelari.
6. Cnd am ajuns la gar, Helen m atepta. De ndat ce m-a vzut,
mi-a fcut cu mna i a strigat ceva dar nu am auzit-o.
7. Copiii erau nspimntai deoarece se ntuneca (ncepea s se
ntunece).
8. Musafirii au venit la 8:30.
9. El se uita la televizor cnd a sunat telefonul.
10. Sheila i-a dat seama c mergea n direcia greit.
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76
Is Mike at home?
Exerciii
I. Punei punct, semnul ntrebrii, semnul exclamrii, virgul i apostrof
acolo unde este cazul:
1. He arrives on 21 Sept on Tarom flight Ro 321 He is going to stay in
Bucharest till next Monday.
2. Go Get out Its too dangerous to stay here
3. Where are you going
4. Be quiet Im trying to sleep
5. Look Anne the sun is setting
6. She lives at 25 Saint Andrew St Cambridge
UNIT 8
Revision
Exerciii
I. Completai spaiile goale cu a, an, some sau nu punei nici un articol, dup
cum este necesar.
1. My neighbour is ... photographer. I want to ask him for..
advice about colour films.
2. A: We had ...... chicken and... rice for... lunch.
B: That doesnt sound ...... very interesting lunch.
3. I had a very bad night; I had ... terrible nightmare.
4. person who suffers from claustrophobia has ...... of being
confined in ... small place, such as ...... lift.
5. Our lunch break is ... hour and ...... half.
6. I hope you have ... lovely time and ...... good weather.
7. I had ...... amazing dream last night. I saw ...... dinosaur eating ...
meat in ... Central Park in ... New York.
8. ... man is ...... reasoning animal.
9. He broke ... leg in ...... skiing accident.
10. She was paid ...... hundred ...... day for cleaning the house.
11. Would you like ...... apple?
12. Ive got ... cheese in the fridge.
13. Id like ... pot of tea, please.
14. Do you want ... sandwich?
15. Id like ...... grapes, please.
II. Completai spaiile goale cu articolul hotrt, nehotrt, sau zero:
1. A: Are Tom and Mary ...... cousins?
B: No, they are not ...... they are ... brother and ...... sister.
2. ... fog was so thick that we couldnt see too far in ... front of us.
3. Number ... hundred and twenty five is for sale. Its quite ...... nice
house with ... large rooms and ... wide windows.
4. Its ... pleasure to do business with you.
5. A: Is this... film that you videoed yesterday?
B: Yes, it is. I like it. Its... very good western.
79
go (2)
80
V. Scriei verbele de mai jos la toate cele trei forme, traducei-le cu ajutorul
dicionarului, iar apoi gsii-le antonime:
1.
2.
3.
4.
open
give
come
throw
5. sit
6. arrive
7. remember
8. rise
9. win
10. buy
2. .......... money
6. .......... air
10. .......... milk
3. .......... sugar
7. .......... work
11. .......... tea
4. .......... traffic
8. .......... spaghetti
12. .......... coffee
a. wonderful news
b. awful weather
c. nice weather
d. an excellent idea
e. the best hotel in town
f. an awful person
81
82
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
83
UNIT 9
A Stranger in Town
85
A. Vocabular
anxious (adj.) = nerbdtor
to be afraid (v.) = a se teme
even if (cons.) = chiar dac
excited (adv.) = emoionat
map (n.) = hart
might (v.) = ar putea s
to miss (v.) = a pierde, a rata; fr
scholarship (n.) = burs
search (n.) = cutare
should (v.) = ar trebui
stranger (n.) = strin
to thank (v.) = a mulumi
to think, thought, thought (v.) = a crede, a gndi
to have to (v.) = a trebui s; a fi necesar s
to waste (v.) = a risipi, a irosi
Expresii
alls well that ends well = totul e bine cnd se sfrete cu bine
to be late = a ntrzia
on ones own = pe cont propriu
to pay attention = a da atenie
Exercises
I. Find synonyms for the following words:
anxious (adj.)
stranger (n.)
scholarship (n.)
search (n.)
86
II. With the help of the dictionary, look up all the meanings of the verbs:
manage
miss
waste
III. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
traffic-lights
87
VII. Match the questions on the left side with the answers on the right side:
1. Where can I park?
2. Where can I get a train to Bacu?
3. Where can I get information about
hotels?
4. Where can I change money?
5. Where can I see paintings?
6. Where can I mail a letter?
7. Where can I buy a book?
8. Where can I read (or borrow) a
book without buying it?
A. at the bookshop
B. at the bank
C. at the post office
D. at the railway station.
E. at the library.
F. at the parking garage.
G. at the museum.
H. at the tourist informaion
office
B. Grammar
Modal verbs
Principalele verbe modale sunt:
can
must
may
should
ought to
Verbele modale fac parte din categoria verbelor auxiliare.
Caracteristicile verbelor modale sunt:
1. Nu au infinitiv lung.
Exemplu: Can nu to can
2. Verbele care urmeaz dup ele sunt puse la infinitivul scurt (fr
particula to)
Exemple: I can swim.
You must be there.
3. Nu primesc terminaia -s la persoana a III-a singular, timpul prezent.
Exemple: He can dance.
She may come.
4. Formeaz interogativul i negativul ca toate verbele auxiliare, fr
ajutorul lui do.
Exemple: Can you help me?
I cant speak Chinese.
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Must (a trebui)
CAN
Exprim:
1. Capacitatea, abilitatea de a face ceva.
Exemple: I can swim
Can you play the piano?
Can they drive?
Mary cannot (cant) speak French.
2. Rugminte la interogativ (sub form de permisiune).
Exemple: Can I borrow your book?
Can you open the window?
3. Permisiune.
Exemple: You can sit here.
She can come, too!
4. Ofert (n ntrebri politicoase).
Exemplu Can I help you?
5. Imposibilitate, interzicere (numai la negativ).
Exemple: You cant be hungry; youve just had lunch.
You cant sit here.
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COULD
Exprim:
1. Abilitate n trecut.
Exemplu: I could ride a bicycle when I was a child.
2. ntrebare politicoas, rugminte. Este mai politicos dect can.
Exemplu: Could I borrow your pen? A putea mprumuta pixul tu?
3. Sugestie.
Exemplu: I need help with my English.
You could talk to the teacher.
4. Probabilitate, certitudine mai mic de 50%.
Exemplu: Wheres John?
He could be at the library. Ar putea fi la bibliotec.
MAY
Exprim:
1. Rugminte, sub forma unei ntrebri politicoase. Este mai formal
dect can.
Exemplu: May I borrow your pen? Pot mprumuta pixul tu?
2. Permisiune formal.
Exemplu: You may leave the room. Poi (ai permisiunea) s
prseti ncperea.
3. Probabilitate (mai mic de 50%).
Exemplu: Wheres John? Unde este John?
He may be at the library. Poate s fie (este probabil) la
bibliotec.
MIGHT
Se folosete la Past Tense.
La prezent se traduce cu ar putea/s-ar putea s
Exprim:
Probabilitate (o certitudine mai mic de 50%).
Exemplu: Wheres John? Unde este John?
He might be at the library. S-ar putea s fie la bibliotec.
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MUST
Exprim:
1. Necesitate puternic, obligaie.
Exemplu: I must read the book until tomorrow, because I have an
exam tomorrow.
2. Interzicere cu desvrire (la negativ).
Exemplu: You must not open that door. Este interzis s deschizi ua
aceea.
3. Pentru exprimarea lipsei obligaiei la negativ se nlocuiete cu verbul
need.
Exemplu: You need not (neednt) come. Nu este necesar s vii.
4. Certitudine de 95%, aproape total.
Exemplu: Wheres Johnny?
He must be home at this hour. Trebuie s fie acas la ora
asta (sunt aproape 100% sigur).
HAVE TO
1. nlocuitorul lui must.
2. Formeaz interogativul i negativul cu ajutorul lui do.
Exemplu: Do you have to make so much noise? Trebuie (este
necesar) s faci aa mult zgomot?
3. Exprim necesitatea la afirmativ i interogativ i lipsa necesitii la
negativ.
Exemplu: I dont have to go to class today, its Saturday. Nu
trebuie s merg la ore astzi, este smbt.
SHOULD
Exprim:
1. O recomandare, un sfat, (exprim prerea vorbitorului).
Exemplu: You should go to the dentist. Ar trebui s mergi la dentist.
(este prerea mea).
2. Certitudine 90% (mai mic dect must, numai cu sens de viitor).
Exemplu: She should do well in her exam, because she studied a lot.
Ar trebui s fac bine la examen, pentru c a nvat mult.
91
OUGHT TO
Exprim:
1. Recomandare, condiii obiective cer acest lucru.
Exemplu: I ought to finish writing the essay. I need it tomorrow.
Ar trebui s termin de scris eseul. Am nevoie de el mine.
2. Certitudine 90% (mai mic dect must, numai cu sens de viitor).
Exemplu: She ought to do well on the test.
Exercises
I. Restate the following rules, using modal verbs:
1. NO SMOKING You must not smoke.
2. KEEP OFF THE GRASS
3. NO LITTERING
4. USE THE STAIRS IN CASE OF FIRE
5. NO TRESPASSING
II. Translate into English:
1. Trebuie s pori centura de siguran cnd conduci maina.
2. Ar trebui s pori centura de siguran cnd conduci maina.
3. A: mi este foarte somn!
B: Nu se poate s-i fie somn; ai dormit 5 ore!
4. A: Ce vrei s facem weekendul acesta?
B: Am putea merge ntr-o excursie la munte!
5. A: De ce nu este Maria cu voi?
B: Trebuie s fie acas, deoarece este bolnav!
III. Complete the sentences with can or cant and a verb from the box:
speak
cook
swim
see
go
drink
play
IV. Complete the sentences with you should or you shouldnt and one of the
verbs given below:
drink
work
eat
smoke
take
work
sleep
C. Writing Skils
The Narration Paragraph
To narrate means to tell a story or relate events in the order in which they
occur, to relate what happened in a time sequence minute by minute, year
by year, etc.
In narration you answer such questions as:
94
Formerly
Gradually
Immediately
In a day/week/month/year/morning
In the future
In the meantime
95
At last
At night
At noon
At present
At sunrise/sunset
At the same time
At the start
Before that
By the time
Briefly
Currently
During
Eventually
Finally
First
First of all
Following this for a minute
From the start
Initially
Last
Last of all
Lastly
Later
Meanwhile
Next
Now
On (day of week: Monday/Tuesday, etc.)
Recently
Since then
Subsequently
Suddenly
To begin with
To start with
When
While
96
Exercises
I. Read the following paragraph and supply appropriate time transitions in
the blanks:
Teds schedule was quite busy today. He got up ...... and put on his
sweatsuit. ...... he went down to the lake and jogged around the track ......
. ...... he showered, got dressed and drank a cup of coffee ...... driving to
work. , Ted got his mail out off the way ...... the division meeting.
...... the meeting, he had a business lunch with some perspective buyers
from Japan. ...... lunch, they discussed their proposals. ...... Ted dropped
them off at their hotel. ...... the afternoon he spent working out the details
of the FunSail account. ...... quitting time, Al suggested they catch a
quick dinner and movie, but Ted told him that he couldnt because he
had to go to his sisters birthday.
II. Read the following paragraphs and
a. identify the
UNIT 10
British Food
99
A. Exercises
I. State whether the following sentences are true or false. Mark T or F.
T
Extension
Places where you can eat.
Caf
It is a place where you can have coffee or tea and a snack (a sandwich or
a piece of cake). There are some cafs where you can serve a meal.
Restaurant
It is more expensive than a caf. You can get a full meal there.
Coffee Shop
It is a small restaurant that serves inexpensive meals, tea, coffee, etc.
Deli
It is a store where you can buy cooked meats, cheese, salads, sandwiches.
You can take them out to eat in a different place.
Fast-food restaurant
It is a place where you can get a quick hot meal (e.g. a hamburger and
french fries, a hotdog, a pizza, etc.). Some people call fast food junk food
100
because it is not always good for our health. Junk means anything that is
useless or of low quality.
In a restaurant
There are some restaurants that are so popular that you have to make
reservations in advance. In our country men enter first and then the women
who are with them. In Britain and the United States it is considered impolite
not to let the women enter the restaurant door first. So it is a matter of
culture.
After the waiter shows you to your table he/she brings the menu. It usually
contains appetizers (hot or cold), entres (which are the main courses) and
desserts. It also contains the list with drinks: juices, soft drinks and alcoholic
beverages.
The next step is to order food.
Here is an example of a conversation in a restaurant:
WAITER: Are you ready to order?
CUSTOMER: Yes, Id like the shrimp cocktail, tomato soup and steak.
WAITER: Mashed potatoes, baked potatoes or fries?
CUSTOMER: Baked with butter and sour cream.
WAITER: How would you like your steak rare, medium or well-done?
CUSTOMER: Medium, please.
WAITER: And what would you like to drink?
CUSTOMER: A bottle of red wine, please.
WAITER: Would you like something for dessert?
CUSTOMER: No, thank you. Just a cup of coffee.
WAITER: And how would you like your coffee black, white, with
sugar or with no sugar in it?
CUSTOMER: Black coffee, no sugar, please.
Some time later:
WAITER: Is everything all right?
CUSTOMER: Yes, everythings fine, thank you. Id like the bill, please.
WAITER: Here it is.
101
Exercises
III. Put the following words in three lists: meat, fruits and vegetables. Then
add five more items to each list (use a dictionary, if necessary):
strawberry, banana, leek, mushroom, beef, garlic, lettuce, orange, pork,
steak, onion, tomato, potato, lemon, pear, beans, orange, lamb, spinach,
veal, apple, cabbage.
IV. Which of the places mentioned below do you go if you .
a restaurant
a caf
a fast-food restaurant
a coffee shop
a deli
DESSERTS
Ice cream vanilla, strawberry, chocolate, peach
Fruit salad
Pie apple, cherry
SOUPS
Onion soup
Tomato soup
Chicken soup
BEVERAGES
Coffee, tea, milk
Iced tea
Soft drinks cola, diet cola, fanta, sprite
Wine: red, white
Beer
SALADS
Chicken salad
Spinach salad
Green salad
ENTRES
New York steak
Lemon chicken
Grilled fillet of salmon
Cheese, ham or plain omelet
Spaghetti Bolognese
102
omelet
potatoes
ice cream
soup
salad
B. Grammar
Demonstratives and quantifiers
some, any, no i compuii lor
103
SOME
Se pune
n faa unor substantive nenumrabile: some water, some tea, some
coffee;
n faa unor substantive la plural: some children, some people, some
students;
Se folosete
n propoziii afirmative, traducndu-se cu ceva, nite, n cazul
substantivelor nenumrabile some coffee, some time, unii, unele, n
cazul substantivelor la plural i n cel al substantivelor colective;
n propoziii interogative numai atunci cnd se ateapt un rspuns:
A: Did you buy some clothes?
B: Yes, I did.
ANY
Se pune
n faa unor substantive nenumrabile: any weather orice vreme;
n faa unor substantive numrabile, fie la singular, fie la plural:
Any person can do that.
Discuss any problems with your teacher.
Se folosete
n propoziii afirmative, avnd sensul de orice, oricine;
n propoziii interogative ceva, cineva;
n propoziii negative ceva, vreo, vreun:
Were there any children in the park?
There werent any children in the park.
NO
Se folosete n faa unui substantiv, atunci cnd verbul este la afirmativ.
n limba englez nu se admit dou negaii ntr-o propoziie; dac verbul este
la negativ, adjectivele i adverbele vor fi la afirmativ i invers.
We had no time to lose.
There are no shops opened after 8 oclock.
There arent any shops opened after 8 oclock.
104
Compui
somebody (cineva)
someone (cineva)
somewhere (undeva)
somehow (cumva)
anybody (oricine)
anyone (oricine)
anywhere (oriunde)
anyhow (oricum)
nobody (nimeni)
no one (nimeni)
nowhere (nicieri)
Se folosesc cu
substantive
numrabile
One apple
Each apple
Every apple
Two apples
Both apples
A couple of apples
Several apples
Many apples
A number of apples
Se folosesc cu
substantive
nenumrabile
A little rice
Little rice
A few apples
Few apples
Some apples
A lot of aples
No apple
Lots of apples
A lot of apples
Plenty of apples
Most apples
All apples
Exercises
I. Complete what the disc jockey is saying. Put in some or any:
That beautiful song was I cant find ...... love by Arlene Black. Now
Ive had letters asking for a record by Express. One listener says she
hasnt heard ...... records by Express on this program for months. Well,
Im going to put that right straight away. And this will be our last record
because there isnt ...... more time left. Weve had ...... great records
tonight, and Ill be here next week to play ...... more. Now, heres ......
music from Express, with I never have ...... luck. And this is Justin
Cooper saying goodbye and goodnight.
105
II. Complete the sentences with some, any, no and their compounds:
1. A: We havent got ...... bread.
B: Id better go to the supermarket and buy
A: We need ...... tomatoes, too!
2. A: Would you like cheese and biscuits?
B: Oh, no, thank you. I dont want else to eat.
3. A: Theres ...... at the door.
B: Oh, are we expecting ...... visitors?
4. A: Im looking for ...... matches, but I cant find ......
B: There may be ...... on the shelf.
5. Theres ...... interesting on television tonight.
6. A: Is going to help you move this furniture?
B: I dont know. Would you mind giving me ...... help, please?
III. Use much or many with the following words, changing the words to
plural when necessary.
Example: sentence
water
1. furniture
2. desk
3. branch
4. equipment
5. machine
6. woman
7. piece
8. mouse
9. advice
10. sheep
11. information
12. phenomenon
13. luck
14. tooth
15. knowledge
16. aircraft
17. mail
18. homework
19. child
20. prize
many sentences
much water
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
106
Modul imperativ
Modul imperativ este reprezentat n limba englez de persoana a II-a
singular i plural (forme ce sunt la fel ca infinitivul scurt). Forma verbului
este, de regul, nensoit de subiect:
Ask! ntreab (tu)!
ntrebai (voi)!
Afirmativ Ask!
Negativ Do not (dont) ask!
Se poate vorbi, ns, de modul imperativ i la celelalte persoane. El se
formeaz astfel:
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me speak!
him
her
it
us
them
(s ntreb)
(s ntrebe el
ea)
(s ntrebm)
(s ntrebai)
Intrebuinare
Modul imperativ se folosete foarte mult atunci cnd se dau indicaii,
instruciuni de utilizare, de preparare, ordine, ndemnuri.
Exemple: Go straight ahead.
Cut the onion into small pieces.
Exercises
VI. Read the instructions below and underline the imperative forms of the
verbs:
How to make English tea
Take the kettle to the cold water tap. Fill it with water. Put the kettle
on the gas-stove and lit the gas.
Wait until the water boils. Pour some boiling water into the teapot.
Put some tea in the teapot, then fill the teapot with boiling water and wait
three or four minutes. If you use tea bags then put the tea bag into a cup
and pour boiling water on it. Wait for about four minutes. Your tea is
ready.
VII. Put the sentences below in the correct order so as to have the order in
which the activities are done:
How to use a public telephone:
wait for the dialing tone;
lift the receiver;
dial the number;
introduce the telephone card into the slot;
wait for the phone to ring;
108
C. Writing skils
The Process Paragraph
There are two types of process paragraph:
1. the how-to/instructional paragraph
2. the explanation paragraph
1. The How-to/Instructional Paragraph
Purpose: to give the reader simple and clear instructions and directions
on how to do or make something. It follows a step-by-step order.
Topic sentence: should let the reader know what she/he will be able to do
or make.
Paragraph body: should include sequenced directions, or steps for doing
or making something. All the equipment, supplies and ingredients needed
must be included.
Tenses used: this type of paragraph is written in the present or future
tense. The imperative mood is also used for giving directions.
The rules that should be followed are the same as those for the narration
paragraph.
Transitional expressions:
After
After a while
After that
After this
As soon as
At first
At last
At the same time
At the start
Before
Before that
Before this
Briefly
Eventually
Finally
First
Following this
For an hour
Formerly
From the start
Gradually
In (the month/year/season)
In the beginning
In the future
In the meantime
Initially
109
Lastly
Later
Meanwhile
Next
Second
Subsequently
The rest (of)
Then
To begin with
To start with
Until
When
While
By the time
During
Last
Last of all
Exercises
110
___ First, the document is put into the sending machine, and the number
of the receiving machine is dialed.
III. Read the following paragraphs and label them according to the key
below:
A: How-to/Instructional
B: Explanation
1. Natural rubber comes from latex, a white milky liquid that comes
from a tree that grows about forty to fifty feet tall and is about six to
seven inches in diameter.
A rubber tree has dark green oval leaves, about eight inches long, and
its found mostly in South America and the Far East. A rubber tree is
not ready to be tapped until its about seven years old. At that time a
worker makes slash marks on the bark of the tree, just deep enough for
the latex to run out, but not deep enough to kill the tree. The latex is
gathered in a small cup which hangs at the base of each cut. Then it is
collected in large containers and taken to a factory where it is
concentrated for shipment or processed into dry rubber.
2. Setting up an aquarium can be easy and fun. First, you must make sure
that the aquarium is cleaned and rinsed thoroughly. Next, install an
under-gravel filter by laying the base down on the bottom and then
covering it with aquarium gravel about one inch thick. After that,
connect the tube from the air pump to the filter columns of the undergravel filter. At this time, install a heating element to maintain a
constant water temperature of about 180 Centigrade. A thermometer is
also necessary to monitor the temperature. You are now ready to fill
the aquarium with tap water. At this time turn on the air pump and
heating element. Allow about two days for the water temperature to
come up to 180. Also, you must allow the filter system to operate for
about one week. After a week you may want to add some water
conditioner. Finally, you are ready to put in the fish.
IV. Write an explanation paragraph on one of the following topics:
1. How a computer works.
2. How a particular event in your life occurred.
3. How a particular object is made.
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UNIT 11
113
A. Vocabulary exercises
I. Answer the following questions:
1. Where is Central Park?
2. Why do New Yorkers love it?
3. Why is New York an international city?
4. Why is Broadway called The Great White Way?
II. Find synonyms for the following words and make sentences with them:
1. famous
2. glittering
3. international
4. popular
III. Each of the group below contains a word that does not belong to that
category. Identify it.
city
town
village
room
opera house
cinema
bus
theatre
bicycle
bus
car
tube
river
ocean
mountain
sea
Extension
Types of films
Films can be classified in:
comedies
westerns
science fiction movies
action movies
cartoons
horror movies
crime/detective movies
love stories/romantic movies
114
watching TV;
going to the theater;
going to a restaurant;
skating.
115
B. Grammar
Timpul Present Perfect
Reprezint puntea dintre trecut i present.
Exprim:
1. O aciune nceput ntr-un anumit moment n trecut i continuat i n
prezent.
Exemplu: Ive lived here for 20 years.
2. O aciune nceput n trecut, terminat cu foarte puin timp naintea
prezentului, iar rezultatele se vd n prezent.
Exemplu: Ive just washed the dishes.
Formare: have (conjugat la prezent) + participiul trecut al verbului de
conjugat
Afirmativ
I you have walked.
Interogativ
Have I/you walked?
We/you/they have
walked.
Have we/you/they
walked?
Negativ
I/you have not (havent)
walked.
He/she/it has not (hasnt)
walked.
We/you/they have not
(havent) walked.
116
Exercises
117
118
119
Exercises
1.
2.
3.
4.
Example:
diamond
face
sparkling diamond
smiling face
grass
hair
mountain
eyes
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
120
5. beard
6. nose
7. mouth
8. voice
9. skin
10. lake
11. cat
12. dog
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
UNIT 12
123
A. Vocabulary exercices
I. Circle the correct answer:
1. The writer remembers his first flight because
a. it was very unusual and uncomfortable;
b. the pilot was dressed like the pilots in World War II;
c. the stewardess was very rude.
2. The world has become a global village because
a. of the development of international travel;
b. you can get from one part of the world to another in a very short time;
c. travelling is very pleasant.
3. Heathrow is among the greatest modern airports as
a. it has many problems;
b. the most important air routes that link Europe and all the other
continents meet here;
c. it tops the list of national flights.
II. Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right:
1. cockpit
2. shout
3. take-off
4. cabin
5. put up
III. Find all the meanings of the verb take-off and make sentences with them.
IV. Find the opposites of:
to land (v.)
to put up (v.)
to arrive (v.)
to approach (v.)
Extension
Travelling by plane is the fastest and safest way to travel. Nowadays
people use many kinds of transport, depending on the distance they have to
go, on the money they can spend and, last but not least, on the time. If you
travel a short distance in a village or town you can use the bicycle (bike). If
you go a longer distance and you can afford, you can have a car. People who
dont own a car can travel by bus, by the tube (subway) or by taxi (cab). If
you travel from one town to another you can go by train or by coach.
124
Exercises
V. Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right:
4. land
5. fare
6. dining car
7. ship
8. schedule
9. platform
10. luggage
125
wait
get
take (2)
pay
go
arrive
126
B. Grammar
The Present Perfect and the Simple Past
(Present Perfect i Past Tense simplu)
Aa cum am menionat anterior, timpul Past Tense Simple exprim o
aciune nceput i terminat n trecut, fr legtur cu prezentul. Timpul
Present Perfect Simple exprim o aciune nceput n trecut i continuat n
prezent, sau ale crei rezultate se vd n prezent.
Sa lum cteva cazuri pentru a lmuri mai bine diferenele dintre ele:
1. Timpul Present Perfect se folosete pentru a exprima un rezultat n
prezent al unei aciuni trecute.
Exemplu: Tom has repaired the door. (It works now.)
Past Tense nu are legtur cu prezentul.
Exemplu: Tom repaired the door last month and it doesnt work any
more.
2. Adesea comunicm informaii, veti folosind timpul Present Perfect,
dar detaliile le furnizm folosind timpul Past Pense.
Exemplu: A. The police have found out who the murderer was.
B. Yes? How did they do it?
3. Adesea folosim adverbele just, already i yet cu Present Perfect; n
limba englez american ns se folosete Past Tense Simple.
B.E. Ive just got here.
A.E. I just got here.**
**
Exercises
I. Fill in the blanks with either the Past Tense or the Present Perfect of the
verb given in parantheses:
1. I (do) ...... all the housework. The house is clean.
2. Our visitors (arrive) ...... late yesterday.
3. A: I (lose) ...... my glasses. I cant find them anymore.
B: Where (see) ...... them last?
A: I dont remember. I think they (be) ...... in the kitchen.
4. We (plant) ...... some fruit trees in our garden last autumn.
5. Someone (turn) ...... on the television. There is so much noise, I cant
sleep.
6. I (make) ...... a cake. Would you like a piece?
7. I (make) a cake two days ago.
8. We (work) ...... in the garden all morning. We (plant) ...... four trees so
far.
9. Business people travel a lot. Bernard (travel) ...... a lot since he (take
over) ...... from his father. His father (travel) ...... on business, too, but
not as much as his son.
128
C. Writing skills
The Comparison Paragraph
To compare means to determine similarities between two people, places,
ideas, etc.
In a comparison paragraph, you examine what is common, the
resemblance between two objects or topics that you compare.
In order to be able to compare them, the two topics must be of the same
general type. For example, you can compare a guitar and a piano because
they are both musical instruments, but you cannot compare a guitar and a
table, because they are of different classes.
We use the comparison paragraph only when we feel that we think that
the reader does not see the similarities between the two topics.
The structure of a comparison paragraph
The topic sentence
should let the reader know what two people, places, objects, ideas, etc.
the writer will compare;
should also include a word or phrase that will indicate the fact that the
writer will make a comparison;
Example: Although they are thousand of miles apart and on different
continents New York City, USA and Cairo, Egypt, are
remarkably similar.
130
132
Transitional expressions
In a comparison paragraph one can use certain transitional expressions,
such as:
alike
also
and
as well as
both
each
in addition
n(either)
similarly
too
Try to figure out which of the expressions above are used in the block
pattern paragraph and which are used in the point-by-point paragraph.
Exercises
I. Look at the following topics and write three similarities between each
pair. Write the names of the two topics compared and then list
underneath their similarities.
Example: two teachers youve had
Ms. Smith
a. taught English in high school;
b. taught a special English class of
very good students (pupils);
c. gave too much homework.
Professor Jones
a. taught English in the university;
b. taught the advanced English
courses;
c. gave too much homework.
............
a. ............
b. ............
c. ............
2. two friends
............
a. ............
............
a. ............
133
b. ............
c. ............
b. ............
c. ............
3. two cars
............
a. ............
b. ............
c. ............
............
a. ............
b. ............
c. ............
4. two TV channels
............
a. ............
b. ............
c. ............
............
a. ............
b. ............
c. ............
UNIT 13
Opening an Account
A. Vocabulary exercises
I. Match the words in column A with the definitions in column B:
A
1. deposit
2. queue
3. savings account
4. withdraw
5. interest
B
a. sum of money deposited in the bank for a longer
period of time
b. a take out money from your bank account
c. a sum of money placed in the bank
d. a percent from the money you have deposited in
the bank and which you get from the bank
e. a line in which you have to stand to get on a bus,
enter a shop etc.
135
II. Below is some information about a bank service. Decide whether the
statementabout it are True (T) or False (F).
Around the clock assistance around the world
Planning to travel abroad during the long vacation? You should
know that almost anywhere you choose to go in the world, immediate
assistance is only a phone call away with Barclay International Rescue.
This complimentary service operates 24 hours a day, every day of the
year. If your Barclay card is lost or stolen abroad, we can advance you a
cash sum in local currency normally within 24 hours of your call or if
appropriate arrange to send a replacement card to you by courier. If
required, we can also arrange emergency medical assistance and legal
advice. Barclay International Rescue is an advisory service and cannot
be responsible for any resultant costs that may arise.
____ 1. Barclay International Service is available only in Britain.
____ 2. They can send a replacement card by courier.
____ 3. The service operates 24 days.
____ 4. They can also provide medical assistance.
____ 5. They can help you only if you lose your credit card.
____ 6. Barclay International Service is a telephone company.
III. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you spend your money on?
2. Do you save money? How do you do that?
3. Do you like to borrow money?
4. Can you borrow money from a bank?
5. Have you ever lent money to a friend when he needed it?
IV. Fill the blanks below with one of the prepositions:
in
from
on
1. I spend a lot of money ...... food.
2. I live ...... a big house.
3. Ive put some money ...... my bank account.
4. I withdrew 200 ...... my bank account.
5. He has been working ...... this bank for twenty years.
V. Put a tick next to the activity you can do at the bank:
...... 1. You can buy stamps.
...... 2. You can change money.
...... 3. You can deposit money.
136
B. Grammar
Present Perfect Continuous
Timpul Present Perfect Continuous se folosete pentru a exprima o
aciune care a nceput n trecut i se desfoar i n prezent.
Formare: Have/has + been + verb de conjugat + infinitiv.
Exemplu: I have been waiting.
Cazuri de folosire a Present Perfect Continuous:
a. o aciune care se desfoar de ceva timp.
Exemplu: Weve been waiting all morning.
b. o aciune care se repet de ctva timp pn n momentul vorbirii.
Exemplu: She has been playing tennis for five years.
c. o aciune care tocmai s-a ncheiat cu foarte puin timp nainte de
momentul vorbirii.
Exemplu: Ive been painting. Thats why my hands are dirty.
137
since
recently
lately
how long
Exemple:
How long have you been waiting?
Ive been waiting for 2 hours, since five.
Tom hasnt been feeling well recently.
Present Perfect Continuous sau Present Perfect Simple?
Este o ntrebare pe care i-o pun toi cei care nva limba englez i nu-i
condamn pentru acest lucru.
Citind cazurile de folosire a fiecruia n parte ni se pare, pe bun
dreptate, c sunt identice.
Pentru a lmuri ct de ct lucrurile, vom ncerca s punem alturi cele
dou forme i s vedem care sunt diferenele dintre ele.
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Simple
1. O aciune care se desfoar de
1. O aciune care s-a ncheiat.
ceva timp.
Weve been touring France.
Weve finished our tour of France.
Forma care se va alege depinde de vorbitor, n funcie de cum vede aciunea,
nc n desfurare sau ncheiat de foarte puin timp.
2. O aciune care s-a desfurat un
anumit timp, s-a terminat cu
foarte puin timp nainte de
momentul vorbirii i se vd
rezultatele imediate.
Ive been studying the present
perfect continuous and Im tired
now.
Tim has been cutting the grass. His
shoes are green.
138
Exercises
I. Use either the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous of the given verbs:
1. The children are at the park. They (play) ...... football for the last two
hours.
2. Jim (play) ...... football only a couple of times, so hes not very good
at it. Hes much better at tennis.
3. Jane (sleep) ...... for almost twelve hours. Dont you think we should
wake her?
4. I (fly, not) ...... on a plane since last year when I was on a plane that
had problems with one engine.
5. A: How much longer until we arrive in Sinaia?
B: Let me see. Its about 9:15. We (drive) ...... for almost two hours.
We should be there soon.
II. Translate into English:
1. Virginia este student la drept. De cnd a intrat la facultate n-a lipsit
de la nici un curs.
2. Katie i-a crescut copiii singur. Acum sunt aduli i toi au servicii bune.
3. A: Mai caut echipa de salvare supravieuitori?
B: Da, ei caut nc. Lucreaz de trei zile.
4. A: Familia Brown i construiete o cas.
B: De ct timp lucreaz la ea?
A: Construiesc casa de 5 luni. Pn acum au construit 2 camere.
5. Sunt foarte fericit. In sfrit am ceea ce mi-am dorit de mult timp.
6. Sunt surprins c George i-a cerut scuze. El nu i-a cerut niciodat scuze.
7. Fiica fratelui meu a crescut aproximativ 20 cm de cnd am vzut-o
ultima dat.
III. Identify the mistakes in the sentences below and correct them:
1. He have never seen a camel before.
2. We have been done our homework for two hours.
3. My brother painted the outside of his house for two weeks and he
hasnt finished yet.
4. The rice has boiling for two hours.
5. I never have understood why they are friends.
6. The Smiths are on a safari. They have been drive through Africa for
the past two weeks.
139
C. Writing skills
The Contrast Paragraph
To contrast means to determine differences between two people, places,
objects, ideas etc. In a contrast paragraph you examine what is different
between the two topics. These two topics must be of the same general type
or class.
We write a contrast paragraph to show obvious differences between the
two topics, even though they sometimes may seem very similar.
Structure
Topic sentence
The topic sentence should lead the reader know what two people, places,
ideas, etc. will be contrasted. It should also contain a word or phrase that
should let the reader know that a contrast will be made.
Example: Even though both get you to your destination, travelling by car
and travelling by airplane are altogether different.
Paragraph body
It will show the characteristics, features that are different. One can use
the same patterns, block or point-by-point as for the comparison paragraph.
Tenses used Present or Past Tense.
Logical order the order of climax, that is you examine the least
important elements to the most important ones or vice versa.
Transitional expressions. In a contrast paragraph you can use the
following transitional expressions:
all the same
nevertheless
although
no matter what
be that as it may
nonetheless
140
but
despite
even if
even so
even though
however
in spite of
conversely
unlike
not only
notwithstanding
on the contrary
on the other hand
regardless (of)
still
though
yet
whereas
141
Exercises
I. Rewrite the paragraph above organizing it according to the point-bypoint pattern.
II. Look at the following topics and write three differences between each
pair. Write the names of the two topics and then list underneath their
differences.
Example: two teachers youve had
Mr. Johnson
a. taught English in high school;
b. taught the best English classes;
c gave too much homework.
Mr. Davis
a. taught physics in high school;
b. taught the remedial physics
classes;
c. gave very little homework.
.....................................................
a. .................................................
b. .................................................
c. .................................................
2. two friends
.....................................................
a. .................................................
b. .................................................
c. .................................................
.....................................................
a. .................................................
b. .................................................
c. .................................................
3. two restaurants
.....................................................
a. .................................................
b. .................................................
c. .................................................
.....................................................
a. .................................................
b. .................................................
c. .................................................
III. Write a contrast paragraph. Remember that the emphasis is on differences. Use either the block or point-by-point pattern of organization.
142
UNIT 14
A Trip to Chicago
A. Vocabulary exercises
I. Match the words from column A with the definitions in column B:
A
1. single room
2. double room
3. suite
B
a. to prove to be
b. an apartment in a hotel
c. a room for one person
143
4. turn out
5. upset
d. angry
e. a room for two persons
II. Complete the conversation below with words of your own so as to form
meaningful sentences:
reservations
room service
144
III. Fill the empty spaces with words belonging to the same category:
room
room
hotel
TV set
room
145
B
a. a bed
b. room service
c. a telephone
d. a kettle
e. the bill
f. the lift
g. a key
h. a TV set
i. a hair dryer
j. a suitcase
have/I/please/room service/can?
reverse charge/to/want/I/a/make/Berlin/to/call.
area code/know/you/or/the/do/Romania?
a/can/travellers/I/cash/cheque?
some/I/where/exchange/can/money?
VII. Write as many questions as you can, imagining that you are in a hotel.
The questions should begin with: Can I/you..?
Example: Can you tell me the area code for France?
VIII. Find the meanings of the words below with the help of a dictionary:
1. reverse charge
2. dial
3. lift
4. receiver
5. hang up
6. dialling tone
7. engaged tone
B. Grammar
Timpul Past Perfect
Exprim o aciune care a avut loc n trecut, naintea altei aciuni trecute.
Se formeaz: had + participiul trecut al verbului de conjugat.
Exemplu: He had lived in London before he moved to Manchester.
(El locuise n Londra nainte de a se muta la Manchester.)
Interogativul i negativul se formeaz dup aceleai reguli ca i verbul to
have; prin inversarea subiectului cu predicatul (interogativ) i prin adugarea
negaiei not la negativ.
Exemple: Had he lived in London before he moved to Manchester?
He hadnt lived in London before he moved to Manchester.
Exist un numr de conjuncii i adverbe care se folosesc pentru a marca
succesiunea evenimentelor (aciunilor) n trecut.
Acestea sunt: by the time that, when, after, as soon as, ever, never, just,
before, already, for (+ a period of time), since (+ point in time), never ......
before etc.
146
Exemple:
When I arrived Susan had already left.
(Cnd am sosit, Susan plecase deja.)
He had just come into the room when the telephone rang.
(Tocmai intrase n camer cnd a sunat telefonul.)
Uneori Past Perfect funcioneaz ca un echivalent n trecut al lui Present
Perfect.
Exemplu:
Julie was very excited because she had never been to a dance before.
(Julie era foarte emoionat pentru c nu mai fusese la dans nainte/pn
atunci.)
Timpul Past Perfect continuu
(Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive)
Se folosete pentru a se accentua faptul c aciunea a fost n curs de
desfurare pe o anumit perioad de timp naintea altei aciuni trecute.
Exprim o aciune nceput n trecut naintea altei aciuni trecute i care
are consecine n Past Tense.
Se formeaz: had + been + ~ing (forma n ~ing a verbului de conjugat).
Exemplu:
a. She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.
(Era foarte obosit. Dactilografiase scrisori toat ziua.)
Asta nseamn fie c ea nu mai dactilografia scrisori n momentul
marcat de Past Tense, fie c abia terminase aceast aciune.
b. When I first met Lucy she had been working as a receptionist.
(Cnd am ntalnit-o pe Lucy pentru prima oar, lucra ca recepionist.
Lucrase i nc mai lucra atunci cnd am cunoscut-o eu, sau tocmai
ncetase.)
Diferena dintre o aciune aflat nc n desfurare i una ale crei
consecine se vd n momentul marcat de Past Tense este dat de context.
Exercises
I. Put the verbs in brackets either in the Past Perfect Simple or Continuous,
according to the context:
1. Susan went into the kitchen. It was empty but the kettle was boiling.
Someone (want) ...... to make tea.
2. I (play) ...... tennis for two hours and I was very angry because (not
win) . a single game.
147
3. Mike and Sandra finally arrived at the hotel. They (drive) ...... all day
and they were very tired. They (drive) ...... 500 kilometres.
4. When I met Brian last month he said he (quit) ...... smoking.
5. Some children started a house fire. They (play) ...... with matches.
6. A young woman was hit by a car. She (walk) ...... in the middle of the
road.
7. John (read) ...... all afternoon. He (read) ...... four chapters by six
oclock.
8. It was midnight. I (study) ...... for five hours. No wonder I was tired.
9. Yesterday I met Frank, an old friend of mine. I (not see) ...... for two
years.
10. It (rain) ...... all night, so when we got up the streets were wet.
II. Translate into English:
1. Anul trecut am vizitat muzeul Prado. Am vzut multe tablouri de
pictori celebri. Nu mai vzusem niciodat att de multe tablouri
celebre.
2. Dinozaurii au trit pe pmnt cu milioane de ani n urm. Ei au
disprut, ns, cam pe timpul apariiei omului.
3. Nu am putut traversa rul. Podul fusese distrus de ploi.
4. Cine a ajuns acolo naintea ta?
5. Nu mai auzisem niciodat o poveste att de interesant.
6. Familia mea terminase cina cnd am ajuns acas.
III. Choose the correct answer:
When I first (travelled/had travelled) ...... abroad to study, I (had never
been living/I had never lived) ...... in a dormitory before. During the first
year, I (had/had had) ...... a room mate from France who (became/had
become) ...... a very good friend. I (had never lived/never lived) ...... with
someone from another country before I (had met/met) ...... her.
IV. Complete the following sentences with your own words:
1. I had never ...... before I V .
2. By the time ...... he had already ....... .
3. In 1998, I ...... . Prior to that time, I had ...... .
4. When I ......, someone else had .......
5. Last January, I ...... . Before that, I had never ........ .
6. The film had ...... by the time we ....... .
7. I had never ...... until I ....... .
148
C. Writing Skills
The Comparison And Contrast Paragraph
In the comparison and contrast paragraph we examine both the
similarities and the differences between two topics. The two topics must be
of the same general nature.
Paragraph structure
Topic sentence
It should let the reader know what two persons, objects, places etc. are
going to be compared and contrasted. The topic sentence should also include
a word or phrase so as to let the reader know that the two topics have both
differences and similarities and that the reader will be able to see them when
reading the paragraph.
Example:
My two dogs Maxi and Thor share quite a few common traits, yet they
differ in several important ways.
Paragraph body
It will present the characteristics, properties, features that are similar as
well as different between the two topics. The easiest way to do that is to use
the point-by-point pattern. In using this pattern it is best to examine all the
similarities first and then the differences. This way the reader will not
become confused with so many details.
The best order to follow is the order of climax.
Transitional expressions
In a comparison and contrast paragraph one should use the same
transitional expressions that are used for the comparison and for a contrast
paragraph.
Here is the whole paragraph:
My two dogs Maxi and Thor share a few common traits, yet they differ
in many ways. Naturally, being both dogs they both bark their heads off
when they see or smell a cat. They both love spending their time running
around, playing with a ball, basking in the sun and begging for food when
were eating. I think there is no better food for them than the one that is on
our table. So when we eat they come and sit next to the table and look at us
as if they had not eaten anything from the day they were born. They are very
good friends and they share their food and toys. Their friendship ends,
149
however, when they each get a bone. Maxi, who is a small, white and very
ferocious puddle who weighs six kilos usually wins the battle. Although
Thor is a big German Shepherd he always gives in. The only explanation we
could find was that Maxi is the older of the two and he was the one who
received Thor in the house, and probably Thor considers him older and
respects him.
So, even though they belong to the same species, and thus have many
traits in common, my dogs differ a lot. As Ive already said, Maxi is a small
puddle, not bigger that a tomcat, but he has a strong personality. He will
always be the first to do everything and to get everything. He walks very
proudly with his tail up in the air and barks at all the dogs he meets in the
street, especially bigger ones. On the other hand, Thor is much bigger and
much calmer. Whereas Maxi fidgets all the time, Thor is very calm and
barks only when a stranger comes near our door. He is overprotective with
the family, and when my grand daughter was born he considered it was his
duty to protect her. At first Maxi was very jealous but now he loves her very
much and plays with her. Thor has never been jealous of her and has always
loved her and taken care of her. In fact jealousy is a feeling that is not known
to Thor. So even if they are both dogs and have grown up in the same house,
therefore the same environment, their characters differ in many ways and it
is much fun to have them as your friends, because both of them love us
unconditionally.
Exercises
150
UNIT 15
151
A. Vocabulary exercises
I. Match the definitions from the right column with the words from the left
column:
_____ 1. dry
_____ 2. sunny
_____ 3. wind
_____ 4. rain
_____ 5. cloudy
_____ 6. snow
_____ 7. hill
_____ 8. drop
_____ 9. freezing
cloudy
sunny
windy
happy
nice
pleasant
fine
hill
______
______
______
______
______
______
152
gray
blue
moon
yellow
clear
153
B. Grammar
Exprimarea ideii de viitor n limba englez
Exprimarea ideii de viitor n limba englez se poate face astfel:
1. Cu ajutorul prezentului simplu, atunci cnd este vorba de orare oficiale,
progame stabilite dinainte. Se folosesc adverbe de timp pentru a marca
desfurarea aciunii n viitor.
Exemple: What time does your train leave tomorrow?
The plane leaves at 9:30 on Mondays and 14:25 on
Sundays.
2. Cu ajutorul prezentului continuu, atunci cnd este vorba despre aranjamente personale.
Exemple: Theyre not going anywhere tonight.
Im meeting Paul at eight tomorrow.
3. n propoziii condiionale (dup if, unless) i n propoziii de timp
marcate cu as soon as, till, until etc. ideea de viitor se exprim cu
ajutorul timpului prezent.
4. Timpul viitor simplu (Simple Future Tense)
Formare: shall/will + infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat
shall se folosete la persoana I singular i plural n limba englez
britanic. In limba englez american se folosete will la toate
persoanele, att la singular, ct i la plural. Exist tendina n limba
englez britanic de a se folosi will la toate persoanele, dup
modelul american.
Forma interogativ se formeaz astfel: shall/will + subiect + verbul
de conjugat la infinitivul scurt.
Exemplu: Will they come with us?
Forma negativ: subiect + shall/will + not + infinitivul scurt al
verbului de conjugat.
Exemplu: They will not (wont) come with us.
5. Viitorul de intenie (Going to Future)
Aa cum o indic i numele, acest timp exprim intenia de a realiza
ceva n viitor.
Exemplu: Im going to buy a new dictionary.
Formare: verbul be conjugat la prezent + going to + verbul de
conjugat pus la infinitivul scurt.
Interogativ: am/are/is + subiect + going to + verbul de conjugat pus
la infinitivul scurt.
Exemplu: Are they going to come with us?
154
Going to Future
a. Exprim intenia de face ceva n
viitor.
Exemplu: Im going to visit my
friends this week-end.
b. Exprim o previziune bazat pe o
prezen (ceea ce ne dm seama c
se va ntmpla).
Exemplu: The sky is covered with
clouds. Its going to rain in the
afternoon.
c. Adesea se folosete pentru
exprimarea unei intenii.
Exemplu: Im going to spend the
Easter holiday with my parents.
155
Formare:
Exist dou tipuri de ntrebri disjunctive:
1. propoziia principal este afirmativ;
2. propoziia principal este negativ.
1. Propoziie afirmativ + ntrebare disjunctiv interogativ-negativ
verb auxiliar + nt + pronume
Exemplu: You know Tom, dont you?
You have played before, havent you?
2. Propoziie negativ
Exercises
I. Put the verbs in brackets at the Simple Future or Going to Future,
depending on the context.
1. A: Theres someone at the door.
B: I (go) ...... and see.
2. A: Tea or coffee?
B: I (have) ...... some tea, please.
3. A: Im going to the supermarket. I (buy) ...... some milk, eggs, bread
and some oranges.
B: How long (stay) ......?
A: I dont know. I (call) ...... you when I get back.
4. I (know) ...... the results next week.
5. Do you think that he (recognise) ...... me?
6. I (remember) ...... this day all my life.
156
7. I see that you have bought a newspaper. (you, really, read) ...... it?
8. (you ride) ...... that horse? It looks wild to me.
9. (you do) ...... something for me?
10. I (paint) ...... the room by myself.
II. Use either the Present Simple or Present Continuous to express the idea
of future:
1. My uncle (make) .. speech on Tuesday.
2. The train (arrive) .. at platform number 9 in ten minutes.
3. I (have) .. lunch with my best friend on Monday.
4. A: We (go) ..to the theatre tonight.
B: Where (leave) .. your car, because theres no car
park near the theatre.
A: We (not take) . the car. We (take) ..
a taxi.
III. Read the text below and underline the future forms:
There has been an alert on TV. A tornado is about to strike the city of
San Antonio. On its way its moving quickly to hit a farm. The people on
the farm have taken all the necessary steps to protect themselves and the
animals. When the tornado hits theyll be sitting in the storm cellar and
wait for the storm to end. Theyll be hiding in the safest place on the
farm. They will be listening to the sounds of the storm and will be asking
questions about the farm. They will want to know what the farm will be
like after the storm. They know that when the storm is over they will
have a lot of work to do.
IV. Each of the sentences below contains a mistake. Identify and correct it:
1. The tornado will moving very quickly.
......
2. The family will seen the tornado in time.
......
3. The train is arriving at 10 according to the schedule.
......
4. He are going to listen to some music.
......
5. It will going to rain tonight.
......
6. We are go to go to a concert on Friday.
......
157
C. Writing skills
The Persuasion Paragraph
To persuade is to convince someone to have a certain point of view or
opinion. If you do it in writing you have to strongly believe in what you
present and have to be able to convince the readers to do the same by using
different methods of logical reasoning or arguing. If the reader has a
different opinion from that of yours, then you will have a more difficult job.
In a persuasion paragraph there are three things that you want to do:
Change someones point of view.
Convince someone to give up a habit.
Persuade someone to do something.
Persuasive writing is mostly used in:
TV commercials;
newspaper and magazine advertisements;
letters to the editor;
sermons;
critiques;
political speeches;
letters of recommendation.
159
When writing persuasive paragraphs you have to keep in mind what kind
of audience you are addressing and use the proper style.
Paragraph structure
Topic sentence
It should let the reader know what issue will be examined. It is the most
important sentence of the whole paragraph because it shows whether the you
are for or against something.
You may use words such as: should/shouldnt, ought to/ought not to,
must/must not to show your opinion and to strenghthen your point of view.
Paragraph body
The body of a persuasive paragraph should present the arguments to
support your opinion. You should present your arguments in such a manner
as to show respect for the opinion of the reader and try to convince the
reader to adopt the your opinion or point of view.
There are three methods of reasoning:
referring to an authority;
facts and statistics;
examples;
predicting the consequences;
answering the opposition.
Referring to an Authority
If you write using this technique you should refer to an expert who is a
very reliable source and who can give very objective information. For
example, if you want to persuade the reader to give up smoking because it is
bad for the health, you should quote the words of doctors of medicine
experts in respiratory diseases. If you want to present a product that is
excellent for protecting the washing machine against limestone deposits you
should use the opinion of a specialist in repairing washing machines.
Facts and Statistics
You present the truth based on facts and statistics. In order to do so you
have to use facts and figures that are very accurate, recent and can be easily
checked. You should avoid using such phrases as: everyone knows,
people say, its widely known that etc., because you will lose credibility.
160
Exercises
162
UNIT 16
Revision
B
a. to prepare for our trip to Africa
next year.
b. youll have health problems.
c. until Jane comes.
d. before he came to live in London.
e. the flowers will look wonderful.
II. Choose the word that best fits the context. Only one answer is correct.
Example: you can catch the 53 bus at the on the corner
A. board
B. stop
C. pole
D. sign
When you are driving abroad you should make sure that you have all
your documents with you. These (1) your passport, your
driving license and insurance papers. It (2) very inconvenient
if you cannot find (4) quickly. You must also make sure that
your car has a nationality plate which shows the country where the car is
registered; for (5) , GB for Great Britain, F for France, N for
Norway and so on. In some (6) you have to pay if you dont
(7) motoring laws and this can sometimes cost you a lot of
money. For instance, you may have to pay immediately if you are
stopped by a police officer for taking no notice of traffic lights, speed (8)
or if you allow children (9) the age of twelve to
(10) in the front seat of a vehicle.
1. A. include
2. A. should
3. A. miss
B. make
B. can
B. hide
C. mean
C. is
C. lose
165
D. contain
D. has
D. pass
4. A. that
5. A. once
6. A. countries
7. A. do
8. A. marks
9. A. under
10. A. follow
B. those
B. example
B. positions
B. allow
B. spots
B. lower
B. pass
C. their
C. general
C. ways
C. obey
C. limits
C. over
C. travel
D. them
D. fact
D. routes
D. continue
D. numbers
D. behind
D. wait
III. Identify the word, which does not belong to the respective category:
Example: car
bus
van
helicopter
lorry
apple
pear
chicken
grape
cherry
rain
snow
cloud
shower
slush
restaurant
opera
caf
cafeteria
fast food
166
167
any two of
these each day
chicken
fish
beans
cheese
a little
of these
pasta
bread
eggs
oil
not at all
all
butter
sugar
coffee
Dear ,
Thank you for your postcard. Im glad everythings well with you. I
myself am feeling ..
168
Verb
Past Tense
Past Participle
be = a fi
bear = a purta
beat = a bate
become = a deveni
begin = a ncepe
bend = a ndoi
bet = a paria
bind = a lega
bite = a muca
bleed = a sngera
blow = a sufla
break = a sparge
breed = a crete; a educa
bring = a aduce
broadcast = a radiodifuza
build = a construi
burn = a arde
burst = a izbucni; a exploda
buy = a cumpra
catch = a prinde
choose = a alege
come = a veni
cost = a costa
creep = a se tr; a se furia
cut = a tia
do = a face
dream = a visa
drink = a bea
drive = a conduce
eat = a mnca
fall = a cdea
feed = a hrni
feel = a simi
fight = a lupta
find = a gsi
fly = a zbura
forget = a uita
forgive = a ierta
freeze = a nghea
get = a obine
was/were
bore
beat
became
began
bent
bet
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burnt/burned
burst
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
crept
cut
did
dreamt/dreamed
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
forgave
froze
got
been
born
beaten
become
begun
bent
bet
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burnt/burned
burst
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
crept
cut
done
dreamt/dreamed
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got/gotten (usa)
171
Verb
Past Tense
Past Participle
give = a da
go = merge
grow = a crete
hang = a atrna; a spnzura
have = a avea
hear = a auzi
hide = a ascunde
hit = a lovi; a izbi
hold = a ine
hurt = a rni
keep = a ine; a pstra
kneel = a ngenunchea
know = a ti; a cunoate
lay = a ntinde; a culca
lead = a conduce
lean = a (se) sprijini
leap = a sri
learn = a nva
leave = a pleca
lend = a da cu mprumut
let = a permite, a lsa
lie = a se ntinde
light = a aprinde
lose = a pierde
make = a face; a fabrica
mean = a nsemna
meet = a ntlni
pay = a plti
put = a pune
read = a citi
ride = a clri
ring = a suna
rise = a rsri; a se ridica
run = a alerga
say = a spune; a zice
see = a vedea
seek = a cuta
sell = a vinde
send = a trimite
set = a apune; a pune
sew = a coase
shake = a scutura
shine = a strluci
shoot = a mpuca
show = a arta
shrink = a se micora
shut = a (se) nchide
sing = a cnta
gave
went
grew
hung/hanged
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knew
laid
led
leant/leaned
leapt
learnt/learned
left
lent
let
lay
lit/lighted
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
given
gone
grown
hung/hanged
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
known
laid
led
leant/leaned
leapt
learnt/learned
left
lent
let
lain
lit/lighted
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn/sewed
shaken
shone
shot
showed/shown
shrunk
shut
sung
172
Verb
sink = a (se) scufunda
sit = a edea; a sta jos
sleep = a dormi
slide = a aluneca
smell = a mirosi
speak = a vorbi
speed = a (se) grbi
spell = a scrie liter cu liter; a silabisi
spend = a petrece
spill = a vrsa
spin = a roti; a rsuci
spit = a scuipa
split = a despica
spoil = a strica; a rsfa
spread = a rspndi
spring = a izvor; a ni
stand = a sta n picioare
steal = a fura
stick = a (se) lipi
sting = a nepa
stink = a mirosi urt
strike = a lovi
swear = a jura; a njura
sweep = a mtura
swim = a nota
take = a lua
teach = a preda; a nva pe cineva
tear = a rupe
tell = a spune; a povesti
think = a crede; a se gndi
throw = a arunca
understand = a nelege
wake = a (se) scula
wear = a purta
weave = a ese
weep = a plnge
win = a ctiga
wind = a (se) rsuci
write = a scrie
Past Tense
Past Participle
sank
sat
slept
slid
smelt/smelled
spoke
sped
spelt
spent
spilt/spilled
spun
spat
split
spoilt/spoiled
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank
struck
swore
swept
swam
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
understood
woke/waked
wore
wove
wept
won
wound
wrote
sunk
sat
slept
slid
smelt/smelled
spoken
sped
spelt
spent
spilt/spilled
spun
spat
split
spoilt/spoiled
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
struck
sworn
swept
swum
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
woken/waked
worn
woven
wept
won
wound
written
Key to Exercises
Unit 1
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. is
2. from
3. a
4. friends
5. name
6. what
Exercise II 1. My name is Maria and I am 20 years old. 2. Today is the first day at the
university. 3. Im glad to meet you. 4. Let me introduce my friends to you.
5. They are students. 6. Tom is 23 years old.
Exercise III (suggested answers) First names: Frank, James, William, Roger, Harry;
Surnames: Johnson, Richardson, Williams, Smith, Brown.
Exercise IV students; are; surname; from; are; in; friends.
Exercise V 1. Portuguese
2. Danish/Dane
3. Japanese
4. Spanish
5. Chinese.
Exercise 1 1. I
2. We
3. She
4. She
5. It
6. You
7. They
Exercise II 1. They are engineers. 2. We are glad to meet you. 3. Jose is not
Italian, he is Spanish. 4. France and Germany are European countries.
5. There are many countries in Africa. 6. Maria and Anna are friends.
7. We arent teachers, we are students. 8. Are you at home this evening?
9. Im sorry. 10. They are friends.
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
Exercise I 1. Our
Exercise II 1. a
2. their
2. b
3. c
3. I
4. You
4. a
175
5. My
6. Her
7. They
Exercise I 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. an 8. a
12. a 13. a 14. an 15. a 16. a 17. a 18. a 19. a
23. an 24. a 25. an 26. a
9. a 10. a 11. an
20. a 21. a 22. a
2. a
3. a
4. an
5. an
6. a
7. an
8. a
9. a
10.
The Verb TO BE
Unit 2
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. F
2. F
Exercise II 1. student
3. T
4. T
2. I
3. live
5. F
6. F
4. father
7. T.
5. name.
Exercise III 1. You are at school now, you arent in the garden. 2. What is his name?
3. Toms nationality isnt American, it is British. 4. His grandparents live near the
school. 5. There are two dogs in the garden.
B. Grammar
The Verb TO HAVE
4. in
5. a
6. Is; an
7. Are
176
The Genitive
2. weeks
3. five months
4. two hours.
Exercise I one hundred and sixty-five; fourteen; forty; fifty-five; fifty; twenty-five;
fifteen; one thousand six hundred and sixty-seven/sixteen hundred and sixtyseven/sixteen sixty-seven; eight hundred and eighty-eight; twelve; eighty-nine; two
thousand and one; three hundred and thirty-four; three million three hundred (and)
sixty-five thousand eight hundred (and) seventy-eight; six; six hundred and seven;
two hundred and ninety- two; zero eight.
Exercise II two
Exercise III 1. is
three
four five
2. from
six
3. correct
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven.
5. Her; is
6. a.
177
Unit 3
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. c
2. d
3. e
Exercise II 1. a 2. She
7. goes 8. work; she
4. a
5. b.
3. works 4. wakes up
9. sometimes 10. go.
5. has; goes
6. stops; lunch
Exercise I 1. I usually have breakfast at half past six. 2. Do you want to go to the
theatre with us tonight. 3. I sometimes like to walk in the park. 4. At what time
do you get up in the morning? 5. Maria brushes her teeth after every meal.
6. I want to drink a glass of water. 7. John does not meet with his friends.
8. What date is it today? 9. Today is the twenty-ninth of July two thousand and two.
Exercise II 1. go; goes 2. doesnt speak; speaks 3. Do you go 4. I often read
5. Does she always write.. 6. They sometimes go 7. is it 8. Do you always
have ...; No, I dont; have.
Exercise III 1. like = likes 2. doesnt = dont 3. I have usually = I usually have
4. go at = go to 5. goes sleep = goes to sleep 6. do he comes = does he come; in
Monday = on Monday 7. there is = there are.
Exercise IV 1. she goes to the cinema with John. 2. she goes to Helens
birthday party. 3. she writes to Helen. 4. she plays tennis with John.
5. she goes shopping for Helens birthday. 6. she goes to the theatre with John.
Exercise V 1. d
2. h
3. e
4. b
5. g
6. c
7. f
8. a.
178
3. wants = wants
4. on the
Unit 4
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I e
c.
Exercise III 1. scrambled eggs; bacon; coffee; toast 2. soup of the day; cheese cake
3. tuna salad; apple pie 4. yogurt 5. tea; hot chocolate 6. apples 7. orange
juice 8. biscuits.
Exercise IV 1. When the weather is fine we like to go for a walk in the park.
2. Michael sits between Maria and Silvia. 3. He doesnt take sugar in his coffee.
4. I like salads, especially lettuce. 5. Children like ice cream.
B. Grammar
The Present Continuous
Unit 5
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I car; plate; window; view; carpet.
Exercise III 1. on
2. on
Exercise IV 1. wardrobe
5. blanket 6. soap.
Exercise V 1. d
2. f
3. to
4. on
5. in.
2. chest of drawers
3. i
4. g
5. h
179
6. a
3. pillow
7. c
4. bathroom
8. e
9. j
10. b.
B. Grammar
The Regular Comparison
Exercise 1. happier, the happiest 2. prettier, the prettiest 3. more charming, the
most charming 4. bigger, the biggest 5. warmer, the warmest 6. more boring,
the most boring 7. shorter, the shortest 8. more difficulty, the most difficulty
9. easier, the easiest 10. greater, the greatest 11. more correct, the most correct
12. longer, the longest.
Exercise I 1. happier
2. the best
3. hot
4. fresher
5. the latest
6. easier.
Unit 6
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. Maria went to the mountains last Saturday. 2. She didnt go by train,
she went by car, because she thought the train was too crowded. 3. Yes, there
were. 4. She went with her friends. 5. They stayed at a Bed and Breakfast place.
6. They went to a disco. 7. They returned on Sunday.
180
3. at = to 4. to =
3. took my umbrella
5. come =
4. take the
4. Was
5. was
6. was
7. was
found
left
lived
lied
laid
borrowed
lent
4. smoked
5. loved
6. were
7. hung up
Unit 7
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. Maria celebrated her birthday. 2. She was wearing a red dress.
3. Yes, there were. 4. They ate salads, roast turkey, sandwiches, cheese and fruit.
5. It was a chocolate cake. 6. The guests stayed until dawn.
Exercise II 2. Diana, princess of Wales was born in 1961. and died in 1997.
3. Genghis khan was born in 1162. and died in 1227. 4. Elvis Presley was born in
1935. and died in 1977. 5. Joan of arc was born in 1412. and died in 1431.
6. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in 1929. and died in 1969.
Exercise III 1. c
2. a F
bF
3. T
4. T 5. T
6. T.
B. Grammar
Past Tense Continuous
Exercise I 1. were you doing 2. was getting 3. were rushing 4. were you doing;
was having 5. was wearing 6. was running 7. was raining 8. was standing
9. were you living 10. was learning.
Exercise II 1. was making; came 2. was watching; rang 3. didnt want; entered;
left 4. was opening; started; closed 5. was walking; stepped; fell 6. liked
7. was tasting; entered 8. was knitting; wanted 9. was working; exploded
10. had; rang; came; were still playing; was pulling; ran; told.
Exercise III 1. While she was watering the flowers it started to rain. 2. While they
were walking down the street they heard a car coming from behind. 3. Why did
you interrupt me? I was having a very interesting conversation with my teacher.
4. While he was getting on the bus it started suddenly and he fell from the step of the
bus. 5. When I heard him knocking at the door I went to open it, but I didnt
recognize him because he was wearing glasses. 6. When I arrived at the station
Helen was waiting for me. As soon as she saw me, she waved to me and shouted
something but I couldnt hear her/I didnt hear her. 7. The children were
frightened because it was getting dark. 8. The guests came at 8:30. 9. He was
watching the television when the phone rang.10. Sheila realized that she was going
in the wrong direction.
C. Writing Skills
Exercise 1 1. He arrives on 21 Sept, on Tarom flight Ro 321. He is going to stay in
Bucharest till next Monday. 2. Go! Get out! Its too dangerous to stay here!
3. Where are you going? 4. Be quiet! Im trying to sleep! 5. Look, Anne! The
sun is setting! 6. She lives at 25 St Andrew St, Cambridge.
Unit 8
Exercise I 1. a; some 2; ; ; a 3. a 4. A; ; a; a 5. an; a
7. an; a; ; ; 8; a 9. a; a 10. a; a 11. an 12. some
14. a 15. some.
Exercise II 1. ; ; ; 2. The;
7. an; ; a; a; ; ; ; ; a; the.
3. a; a; ;
4. a;
6. a;
13. a
5. the; a
6. a; the; a
182
Exercise V 1. open, opened, opened 2. give, gave, given 3. come, came, come
4. throw, threw, thrown 5. sit, sat, sat 6. arrive, arrived, arrived 7. remember,
remembered, remembered 8. rise, rose, risen 9. win, won, won 10. buy,
bought, bought.
Exercise VI (suggested answers) 1. fine 2. much 3. brown 4. heavy 5. good
6. fresh 7. much 8. Italian 9. fat 10. hot 11. green 12. black.
Exercise VII (suggested answers) 1. annoying/irritating
4. hectic 5. excellent idea.
Exercise VIII 1c
2. e
3. f
4. a
5. b
2. milder
3. better; well
6. d.
2. for them
3. to the news
Exercise X 1. phoned; were 2. went; was; cooked 3. Did she have 4. took; liked
5. did you do 6. sat; talked; wanted; didnt want; listened 6. Did you sleep; did
you come 7. didnt sleep; came; did you do.
Exercise XI 1. F
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
Exercise XII 1. a
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. c
6. d.
7. F
8. T
9. T
10. T.
Unit 9
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. agitated/concerned/nervous
Exercise III 1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
2. foreigner
3. corner
Exercise V 1. at
5. on.
Exercise VI 1. on a bus
Exercise VII 1. f
2. d
3. in
2. in a shop
3. h
4. b
4. look for
4. posters
5. litter-bin
5. T.
3. grant
4. -
3. in a library
5. g
6. c
4. police station
7. a
5. in a bank
8. e.
B. Grammar
Modal Verbs
Exercise I 2. You must not walk on the grass 3. you must not litter
use the stairs in case of fire 5. you must not enter the property.
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4. you should
Exercise II 1. You must wear the safety belt when you drive a car. 2. You should
wear your safety belt when you drive the car. 3. I am very sleepy. You cant be
sleepy; you slept five hours! 4. What do we want to do this weekend? We could
go on a trip to the mountains. 5. Why isnt Maria with you? She must be at home
because she is ill.
Exercise III 2. Can cook 3. cant drink
swim 7. Can go; cant.
4. Can play
5. can see
6. cant
Exercise IV 1. You should eat 2. You shouldnt eat 3. You shouldnt eat 4. You
should take 5. You shouldnt smoke 6. You shouldnt drink 7. You should
sleep 8. You shouldnt work.
Exercise V 1. can 2. should 3. should; might 4. could; can
mustnt 7. may 8. must 9. shouldnt 10. couldnt.
Exercise VI 1. B
2. B
Exercise VII 1. A
3. C
2. C
4. A
3. B
5. May/can
6.
5. B.
4. B
5. C.
C. Writing skills
Exercise I Early; Then; for a while; after that; before; first of all; before; after;
afterwards; The rest of the; at
Unit 10
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T.
Exercise III
meat
beef
pork
steak
lamb
veal
chicken
turkey
duck
fruits
strawberries
banana
orange
lemon
pear
apple
cherry
cranberry
vegetables
leek
mushroom
garlic
lettuce
onion
tomato
potato
beans
spinach
cabbage
Exercise IV 1. a deli
2. a restaurant
3. a fast-food restaurant
4. a caf.
Exercise V 1. I would like to eat a shrimp cocktail. 2. A vegetarian can eat fried
mushrooms.
3. Chicken wings/chicken soup/lemon chicken 4. They offer three
kinds of desserts. 5. Coca-cola is a soft drink. 6. Yes, they are.
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Exercise VI 1. soup
2. omelet
3. salad
4. potatoes
5. ice cream
6. steak
Exercise VII for = to; I like = Id like; done good = well done; ice tea = iced tea.
B. Grammar
Some, Any, No and their Compounds
Exercise I 1. any
2. some
3. any
4. any
5. some
6. some
3. someone; any
7. some
8. any
Exercise III 1. much furniture 2. many desks 3. many branches 4. much equipment
5. many machines 6. many women 6. many pieces 7. many pieces 8. many
mice 9. much advice 10. many sheep 11. much information 12. many
phenomena 13. much luck 14. many teeth 15. much knowledge 16. many
aircraft 17. much mail 18. much homework 19. many children 20. many
prizes.
Exercise IV 1. a little 2. little 3. a little
8. a few 9. few 10. a few.
4. a few
5. little
6. few
7. A few
Exercise V 1. I have few friends. 2. most books have an index. 3. The Chinese eat
much rice. 4. Most people sleep between 6. 8. hours every night. 5. Many of
these chairs are uncomfortable. 6. Most of the furniture is uncomfortable.
7. I have very little money. 8. Tom is very happy because he spared some/ a little
money. 9. Let me give you some advice/ a piece of advice.
Exercise VI Take; fill; put; lit; wait; pour; put; fill; wait; put; pour; wait.
Exercise VII 1. lift the receiver 2. introduce the telephone card into the slot 3. wait
for the dialing tone 4. dial the number 5. wait for the phone to ring 6. if the
line is busy, try again 7. when you finish, hang down the receiver.
Unit 11
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. Central Park is in New York. 2. New Yorkers love it because they can
walk, jog, play and ride horses there and also skate in winter. 3. New York is an
international city because it is the capital of international art and it is famous for its
international restaurants. 4. Broadway is called the Great White Way because of
the glitter and glamour of its theatres.
Exercise II 1. notorious, popular, well-known
3. worldwide 4. famous.
Exercise III room; bus; bicycle; mountain.
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2. a science fiction
2. talk
3. thriller
2. saw/watched
3. invite
4. take
4. a cartoon
3. played
5. play
5. a musical.
4. stars
6. watch
7. watch.
B. Grammar
The Present Tense Simple
Exercise I 1. has never flown 2. have waited; hasnt arrived yet 3. have never met
4. has always visited 5. have planned 6. has been 7. have seen.
Exercise II 1. Helens neighbours have lived in their new house for three years.
2. The plane has landed. 3. I have just phone Ben. 4. We havent sold our house
yet. 5. Have you opened the letter? Not yet. I want to wait for my sister.
6. Maria has just finished writing a letter. 7. john has learned Romanian for three
months. 8. How long have you waited for me? 9. What are the most important
things that you have done in your life? !0. I have already finished my homework.
Exercise III 1. Have you ever driven a car? 2. Have you ever read that book?
3. Have ever broken a window? 4. Have you ever held a snake? 5. Have you
ever ridden a horse. 6. Have you ever taught English? 7. Have you ever made a
cake? 8. Have you ever slept in a tent?
Exercise IV 1. for; since
2. for;
3. for; since
4. for
5. since.
Exercise V 1. has = have 2. plaid = played 3. have eaten already = have already
eaten 4. have live = have lived 5. since = for 6. have = has 7. has beeen
married = have been married.
Exercise VI 1. c
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. c.
Unit 12
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. a
Exercise II 1. e
2. a
2. d
3. b.
3. b
4. a
2. lower
Exercise V 1. e
3. a
2. d
4. f
5. c.
4. leave
5. c
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5. depart.
6. g
7. b.
Exercise VI 1. A one-way ticket is a ticket for a trip to a destination and a round trip
ticket is a ticket to a destination and back to the place of departure. 2. You get at
the baggage claim area after the plane has landed and you enter the terminal.
3. No, it doesnt. 4. A coach is a vehicle that links towns, cities and a bus is a
vehicle that travels inside a town, city.
Exercise VII 1. go 2. take
8. get 9. takes.
3. wait
4. gets
5. get
6. pay
7. arrives at
Exercise VIII
1. At the railway station: Can I help you? A one-way or a round-trip ticket. A
one-way ticket; what platform does the train leave from? When does the train
arrive in Newcastle?
2. At the airport: Can I see you passport and your ticket? Is there any delay? Do
I have to get off the plane in Frankfurt?
Exercise IX Id like a ticket to Edinborough, please. Do you want a one-way
ticket or a round-ticket? A one-way ticket, please. How much is the ticket?
it is 25. how would you like to pay? I like to pay by credit card. All
right. Sign here, please. Here is your ticket.
Exercise X 1. How much luggage have you got/do you have? 2. Here is the boarding
card. 3. Your plane leaves from gate number 42. 4. What platform does it leave
from? 5. there is a five minutes delay due to fog.
B. Grammar
The Present Perfect Simple and the Past Tense Simple
Exercise I 1. have done 2. arrived 3. Ive lost; did you see 4. planted
5. has turned 6. have made 7. made 8. have worked; weve planted
9. has traveled; took over; travelled.
Exercise II 1. this 2. last 3. today
7. today; last 8. this; last.
4. yesterday
5. last
6. last; this
Exercise III 1. Have you heard the news about Cathy? 2. No, what has happened
to her? 3. She had an accident. She was running after a bus when she fell and
broke a leg. 4. oh, Im sorry. When did it happen? 5. yesterday morning.
Susan told me about it last night. 6. Last night? You heard about it last night
and you havent told me until now? 7. Well, I didnt see you last night. I knew
we were going to meet today, therefore Ive waited to meet you.
Exercise IV 1. have you lived; Ive lived 2. lived; moved 3. wrote 4. have you
been; spent; did you have; had; was 5. have you seen; saw 6. has been
7. Weve missed 8. have you seen; are; Ive just cleaned 9. Did you lock; didnt
10. has worked; has retired; has gone.
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Unit 13
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. c
2. e
Exercise II 1. F
3. a
2. T
4. b
3. F
5. d.
4. T
5. T
6. F.
2. in
Exercise V 1. No
2. Yes
3. in
4. from
3. Yes
2. Yes, I do.
5. in.
4. Yes
5. No
6. Yes.
4. have not
Exercise II 1. Virginia is a law student. She has never missed classes since she entered
the faculty. 2. Katie has raised her children alone/by herself. Now they are all
adults and they all have good jobs. 3. Are the rescue team still looking for
survivors? Yes, they are. Theyve been working for three days. 4. The Browns
are building a house. how long have they been working at it? Theyve been
building the house for five months. So far, theyve built two rooms. 5. Im very
happy. At last, I have what Ive wanted for a long time. 6. Im surprised that
George apologized. He has never apologized. 7. My brothers daughter has grown
about 20. centimetres since I last saw her.
Exercise III 1. have = has 2. have been done = have done 3. painted = has been
painting 4. has boiling = has been boiling 5. never have understood = have
never understood 6. have been drive = have been driving.
Exercise IV (suggested answers) 1. Ive been walking for three hours. 2. I
havent slept well last night. 3. he has seen it several times. 4. has caught
her friend lying to her. 5. theyve been playing all afternoon. 6. has been
playing the drum all day long. 7. has grown into a beautiful young lady.
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Unit 14
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. c
2. e
3. b
4. a
5. d.
2. f
room: bed/bar/telephone.
4. g
5. h
5. room service
6. a
7. c
8. j
9. b
5. kettle
6. TV
10. e.
Exercise VI 1. Can I have room service, please? 2. I want to make a reverse charge
call to Berlin. 3. Do you know the country code/ are code for Romania?
4. Can I cash a travellers cheque? 5. Where can I exchange some money?
B. Grammar
The Past Perfect Simple and Continuous
Exercise I 1. had wanted 2. had been playing ; had not won 3. had been driving;
had driven 4. had quitted 5. had been playing 6. had been walking
7. had been reading; had read 8. had been studying 9. Had not seen 10. had
been raining.
Exercise II 1. Last year I visited The Prado Museum. I saw many paintings by famous
painters. I had never seen so many famous paintings. 2. The dinosaurs lived on
earth millions of years ago. They disappeared by the time man appeared.
3. We couldnt cross the river because the bridge had been destroyed by the rains.
4. Who got there before you? 5. I had never heard such an interesting story.
6. My family had finished dinner by the time I arrived/got home.
Exercise III travelled; had never lived; had; became; had never lived; met.
Exercise IV (suggested answers) 1. sung 2. I arrived ; had already left 3. moved ;
had lived 4. wanted to buy that car; already done it 5. went skiing; had never
skied 6. ended; arrived 7. eaten salmon; was invited at Mikes party.
Unit 15
A. Vocabulary
Exercise I 1. c
2. f
3. g
4. a
5. i
6. h
7. b
8. e
9. d.
Exercise II 1. Maria watched the weather forecast because she wanted to go on a trip.
2. The weather will be mainly dry and sunny. 3. There will be no winds on the
East coast. 4. She changed her mind because of the weather.
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2. happy
Exercise IV 1. unpleasant
Exercise V 1. topics
8. hot 9. warm
3. hill
2. cloudy
4. moon.
3. wet
4. unhappy
5. rain
5. warm
6. weak.
6. clear
7. cloudy
2. d
3. b
4. a.
B. Grammar
The Idea of Future
Exercise I 1. Ill go 2. Ill have 3. Im going to buy; are you going to stay; Ill call
4. Ill know 5. hell recognize 6. Ill remember 7. Are you going to read
8. Are you going to ride 9. Will you do something 10. Im going to paint.
Exercise II 1. is making 2. arrives
are not taking; are taking.
3. am having
Exercise III Is about to; its moving; ll be sitting; ll be hiding; will be listening; will
be asking; will want; will be like; will have.
Exercise IV 1. will moving = will move 2. will seen = will see 3. is arriving =
arrives 4. are going is going 5. will going to = is going to 6. are go to = are
going to 7. m going to = ll help 8. will be play = will play 9. is rain = is
raining 10. will passes = will pass.
Exercise V Tom: What are you reading? Maria: A book about China. Im going
to go there next summer. Ill spend my holiday there. Tom: It sounds great.
Maria: Yes, it does, indeed. Im looking forward to it. We are going to make a tour
of the country. Well visit the Great Wall, Shanghai and, of course, Beijing.
Tom: I wish you a pleasant holiday.
Exercise VI 1. ll take 2. are going to; ll be delighted 3. ll find 4. are you
going; re going to 5. m going to 6. ll do 7. m going to 8. m going to;
ll lend.
Exercise VII 1. isnt it 2. can we 3. isnt he
there 7. didnt you 8. dont they.
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4. hasnt it
5. didnt you
6. are
Unit 16
Exercise I 1. c
2. e
Exercise II 1. A
3. d
2. C
4. a
3C
5. b.
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. A
10. C.
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D.
4. must to
8. a =
Exercise VII 1. I have never heard such a big lie. 2. You cant need money, youve
just received your salary 3. The plane is going faster than the train. 4. When the
weather is nice people enjoy walking.
Exercise VIII 1. B
Exercise IX 1. seems
will start.
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. B.
3. is not functioning; are working;
Bibliography