Btlia de la Verdun

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Btlia de la Verdun (1916)

Parte a Primului Rzboi Mondial

Btlia de la Verdun

Informaii generale
Perioad

21 februarie 21 iulie
1916

Loc

Verdun-sur-Meuse,
Frana

Rezultat

Victorie francez
Combatani

Frana

Imperiul German
Conductori
Philippe Ptain
Erich von
Robert Nivelle
Falkenhayn
Prinul William
Efective
aproximativ 30 000 de aproximativ 150 000 de
soldai pe 21 februarie soldai pe 21 februarie
1916
1916
Pierderi
378 000; din care
330 000; din care
163 000 mori.
143 000 mori.
modific

Btlia de la Verdun (21 februarie 1916 - 21 iulie 1916), din timpul Primului Rzboi Mondial, a mai fost
numit i Abatorul deoarece numrul de mori, rnii i disprui se ridic la 700 000 de persoane.[1]
Dac la Marna n 1914 a fost o btlie n stil clasic, care s-a clarificat n cteva zile, la Verdun a fost prima
btlie care a avut toate caracteristicile rzboiului de tip nou. Btlia de la Verdun a fost cunoscut dup
remarca Ils ne passeront pas (Ei NU vor trece) atribuit lui Robert Nivelle.

Pentru francezi btlia de la Verdun a fost, dup cea de la Marna, al doilea moment culminant al Primului
Rzboi Mondial.

Cuprins
[ascunde]

1 Desfurarea

2 Rezultatul

3 Bibliografie

4 Note

5 Legturi externe

Desfurarea
n iarna 1914-1915 combatanii trecuser de la rzboiul de micare, ofensiv, la cel de poziii, defensiv, un
rzboi de tranee, un rzboi al rezistenei. Germanii erau convini c armata francez era la limita
posibilitilor sale i doreau s i provoace mari pagube, urmnd ca ei s ias nvingtori. Tunurile germane sau dovedit mai bune n btlia care a durat 6 luni, au murit 271 de mii de francezi, dar tot atia germani.
Btlia i-a justificat renumele de abator, de toctor a sute de mii de viei.

Rezultatul

Cmpul de lupt astzi

Verdunul, cel mai puternic sector fortificat al frontului Franei, a rezistat ofensivei germane, iar efectul moral
pentru francezi a fost enorm. Aprat de generalul Philippe Ptain, apoi de generalul Robert Nivelle, oraul
Verdun a rezistat tuturor asalturilor germane.

Bibliografie
Cri

Afflerbach, H. (1994) (n German). Falkenhayn, Politisches Denken und Handeln im Kaiserreich.

Mnchen: Verlag Oldenburg. ISBN 3-486-55972-9

Chickering, R.; Frster, S. (2000). Great War, Total War, Combat and Mobilization on the Western
Front 19141918 (ed. Cambridge University Press 2006). London: Publications of the German
Historical Institute. ISBN 0-521-02637-7

Churchill, W. S. C. (19231931). The World Crisis (ed. Odhams 1938). London: Thornton
Butterworth. OCLC 4945014

Clayton, A. (2003). Paths of Glory: The French Army 191418. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-359491

Denizot, A. (1996) (n French). Verdun, 19141918. Paris: Nouvelles ditions Latines. ISBN 2-72330514-7

Doughty, R. A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operation in the Great War. Cambridge,
MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University. ISBN 0-67401-880-X

Dupuy, E. R.; Dupuy, T. N. (1993). The Harper's Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3,500 BC
to the Present (ed. 4th). New York: Harper Reference. ISBN 0-06270-056-1

Falkenhayn, E. (1919). Die Oberste Heeresleitung 19141916 in ihren wichtigsten Entschliessungen

(ed. N & M Press 2004 facsimile of Hutchinson 1919: General Headquarters and its Critical
Decisions 19141916). Berlin: Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-1-84574-139-6

Foley, R. T. (2005). German Strategy and the Path to Verdun : Erich von Falkenhayn and the
Development of Attrition, 18701916. Cambridge: CUP. ISBN 978-0-521-04436-3

Grant, R. G. (2005). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat. London: Dorling
Kindersley Publishers. ISBN 1-40531-100-2

Le Hall, G. (1998) (n French). Verdun, les Forts de la Victoire. Paris: Citdis. ISBN 2-91192-010-4

Heer, H.; Naumann, K. (2000). War of Extermination: The German Military in World War II, 1941
44. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-232-6

Holstein, C. (2002). Fort Douaumont (ed. 2010). Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-84884-345-5

Horne, A. (1962). The Price of Glory. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-33308-300-8

Jackson, J. (2001). France: The Dark Years, 19401944. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19820706-9

Mason, D. (2000). Verdun. Moreton-in-Marsh: Wiindrush Press. ISBN 1-900624-41-9

Michelin (1919). Verdun and the Battles for its Possession. Clermont Ferrand: Michelin and Cie.
OCLC 654957066.
http://ia700409.us.archive.org/33/items/cu31924027945991/cu31924027945991.pdf. Accesat la 16
august 2013

Murase, T. (2002). An Asian Zone of Monetary Stability. Asia Pacafic Press. ISBN 0-73153-664-9.
http://books.google.co.uk/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=vj7ZtPqyhNsC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Battle+of+Verdun&ots=bZXvyNWLAv&sig=
U16lMMQl7WGamUqPlOnnGPRAAbc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Verdun&f=false. Accesat la 14
august 2013

Ousby, I. (2002). The Road to Verdun: France, Nationalism and the First World War. London:
Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-22405-990-4

Pedroncini, G. (1989) (n French). Petain: Le Soldat 19141940. Paris: Perrin. ISBN 2-262-01386-1

Samuels, Martin (1995). Command or Control? Command, Training and Tactics in the British and
German Armies 18881918. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4214-2

Terraine, J. (1980). The Smoke and the Fire, Myths and Anti-myths of War 18611945 (ed. Leo
Cooper 1992). London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-85052-330-3

Windrow, M. (2004). The Last Valley: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu. London: Weidenfeld and
Nicholson. ISBN 0-29784-671-X

Williams, C. (1998). A Life of General De Gaulle: The Last Great Frenchman. Hoboken NJ: Jossey
Bass. ISBN 0-47111-711-0

Wynne, G. C. (1939). If Germany Attacks : The Battle in Depth in the West (ed. Greenwood Press
1976). London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-8371-5029-9

Brown, M. (1999). Verdun 1916. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1774-6

Holstein, C. (2009). Walking Verdun. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-84415-867-6

Keegan, J. (1998). The First World War. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09180-178-8

MacKenzie, D. A. (1920). The Story of the Great War. Glasgow: Blackie & Son. OCLC 179279677

McDannald, A. H. (1920). The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol XXVIII. New York: J. B. Lyon. OCLC
506108219

Martin, W. (2001). Verdun 1916. London: Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-993-X

Mosier, J. (2001). The Myth of the Great War. London: Profile Books. ISBN 1-86197-276-8

Ptain, H. P. (1929). Verdun (ed. 1930). London: Elkin Mathews & Marrot. OCLC 1890922

Romains, J. (1938). Prlude Verdun and Verdun (ed. (as Verdun) Prion Lost Treasures 1999). Paris:
Flammarion. ISBN 1-85375-358-0

Rouquerol, J. J. (1931) (n French). Le Drame de Douaumont. Paris: Payot. OCLC 248000026

Sandler, S. (Ed) (2002). Ground Warfare: an International Encyclopedia Vol I (ed. 2002). Santa
Barbara Ca.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-344-0

Serrigny, B. (1959) (n French). Trente Ans avec Petain. Paris: Librairie Plon. OCLC 469408701

Zweig, A. (1935). Erziehung vor Verdun (ed. Education before Verdun, Viking Press 1936).
Amsterdam: Querido Verlag N.V.. OCLC 829150704

Reviste

Barcellini, S. (1996). Memoire et Memoires de Verdun 19161996. Guerres Mondiales et Conflits

Contemporains 46 (182).

Foerster, W (1937). Falkenhayns Plan fr 1916 ein Beitrag zur Frage: Wie gelangt man aus dem
Stellungskrieg zu Entscheid ungsuchender Operation?. Militrwissenschaftliche Rundschau (Berlin:
Mittler). ISSN 0935-3623.

Krumeich, G. (1996). Saigner la France? Mythes et Realite de la Strategie Allemande de la Bataille

de Verdun. Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains 46 (182).

Note[modificare | modificare surs]

1.

^ The French offensive (21 October - 19 December)

Legturi externe[modificare | modificare surs]

Wikimedia Commons conine materiale multimedia legate de Btlia de la Verdun

Map of the Verdun battlefield

Underground at Verdun

The battle of Verdun

Info from firstworldwar.com

Verdun book excerpt

Dutch/Flemish World War I Forum

Verdun, A Battle of the Great War

Douaumont Bataille Ossuaire virtual tour 3 panorama images

Map of Europe during the Battle of Verdun

Fotografii ca la Verdun, 30 martie 2007, Sonia Cristina Stan, Ziarul de Duminic

[ascunde]

vdm

Primul Rzboi Mondial

Fronturile
principale de lupt
Preludiu:

Cauze

Asasinatul din
Sarajevo

Evenimente
principale

Articole specifice

1914
Btlia de la
Lige
Btlia de la
Krasnik
Btlia de la
Tannenberg
Prima btlie de

Participani

Vezi i

Puterile Antantei

Imperiul Rus
Frana
Rzboiul aerian Imperiul
Britanic
Lista btliilor

Rzboiul naval

Australia
Canada
India

Rzboiul
menit s pun
capt oricrui
rzboi
Rolul femeilor
Literatura
rzboiului

pe Marna
Criptografia
Btlia de la
Fronturile principale de Tsingtao
Oamenii
1915:
lupt:
Btlia de la
Gazele
Frontul de vest Gallipoli
otrvitoare
Campania din
Italia
Frontul de est
Cile ferate
1916:
Btlia de la
Balcanii
Tehnologia
Verdun
Btlia de pe
Caucazul
Rzboiul de
Somme
tranee
Btlia Iutlandei
Persia
Ofensiva
Influena asupra
Brusilov
civililor i atrocitile:
Sinai i Palestina 1917:
Btlia de la
Genocidul
Passchendaele
Mesopotamia
Revoluia din
armenilor
Rusia
Africa
1918:
Urmri:

Ofensiva
de
100
Pacific
de zile
Urmrile
Ofensiva Meuse Rzboiul naval Argonne
Pierderile
omeneti
Campania U Armistiiul cu
boot
Germania
Tratatul de la

Newfoundland
Noua Zeeland
Africa de Sud
Regatul Unit

Criza din iulie

Atlantic

Marea
Mediteran

Marea Neagr

Rzboi total
Gripa spaniol

Alte conflicte
din epoc:
Primul rzboi
balcanic
Al doilea
rzboi balcanic
Rebeliunea
burilor
Rscoala de
Pate
Revoluia rus
Rzboiul civil
Puterile Centrale
rus

Imperiul
Campania din
German
nordul Rusiei

Austro Rzboiul
Ungaria
polono-sovietic

Imperiul
Rzboiul
Otoman
greco-turc

Italia

Romnia

SUA

Serbia

Portugalia

Japonia

Belgia

Muntenegru

Grecia
Alii...

Bulgaria

Brest-Litovsk

Conferina de la
Paris

Tratatul de la
Versailles

Societatea
Naiunilor

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