Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Inginerie de proces
Oberhausen, 06/03/2015
Doc.-Nr.: A550345-BS-07-0299-999-MFE-0001
Cuprins
1.1 Scurta descriere a centralei ............................................................................................... 3
1.2 Scurta descriere a masurilor de modernizare ..................................................................... 4
1.3 Date tehnice ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Descriere generala a sistemului de control digital (DCS) ................................................... 5
1.5 Conceptul de operare si monitorizare ................................................................................ 6
1.6 Instrumentatie .................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Pornirea cazanului ............................................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 Curatarea cazanului ........................................................................................................ 7
2.1.2 Secventa de pornire a cazanului ..................................................................................... 9
2.1.3 Pornirea morilor de carbune ........................................................................................... 9
2.1.4 Secventa de oprire a cazanului ......................................................................................10
4.1 Grupuri functionale si cicluri de control combustibil-aer-gaze arse ....................................11
4.1.1 Control combustibil ........................................................................................................14
4.1.2 Control aer secundar la fiecare moara ...........................................................................14
4.1.3 Control O2 .....................................................................................................................15
4.1.4 Control de corectie NOx-CO ..........................................................................................16
4.1.5 Control de pozitie pentru aer superior, mijloc si inferior arzator ......................................16
4.1.6 Control OFA1.................................................................................................................17
4.1.7 Control de pozitie pentru clapete actionate electric la stuturi OFA .................................18
4.1.8 Control la OFA2 .............................................................................................................18
4.1.9 Controlul temperaturii la separator .................................................................................20
4.1.10 Controlul presiunii in sistemul VGR................................................................................22
5.1 Declansarea arderii pe carbune ........................................................................................22
5.1.1 Monitorizarea flacarii......................................................................................................24
5.2 Declansarea morii de carbune ..........................................................................................24
6.1 Masurarea O2 in convectivul cazanului .............................................................................24
6.2 Aer secundar ....................................................................................................................26
6.3 Clapetele de aer secundar (duze superioare, centrale si inferioare ale aerului secundar) .28
6.4 OFA ..................................................................................................................................29
6.4.1 OFA1 .............................................................................................................................29
6.4.2 Pozitiile de deschidere ale clapetelor OFA1 ...................................................................30
6.4.3 OFA2 .............................................................................................................................31
6.4.4 Controlul temperaturii la separator .................................................................................31
6.4.4.1 Gaze arse reci recirculate .........................................................................................32
6.4.4.2 Deschiderea clapetei de recirculare a gazelor arse de la moara ...............................33
6.4.4.3 Control prin intermediul aerului primar .......................................................................34
6.4.5 Controlul presiunii in sistemul VGR................................................................................36
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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1 Principii de baza
Toate punctele de comutare, setare si de curba ale prezentului raport vor fi reglate ca date
parametrice. Acestea vor fi modificate, la nevoie de mai multe ori, in functie de rezultatele obtinute
in timpul punerii in functiune. In caz ca apar date relevante obtinute de operator, reajustarile vor fi
facute prin consultare cu operatorul centralei si executate de personalul furnizorului sistemului
DCS.
Toate valorile analoage trebuie sa observe intotdeauna calitatea si nu vor fi luate in calcul daca
sunt de calitate slaba.
Prezentul raport se refera la modernizarea cazanului 7 din CET Govora / Ramnicu Valcea din
Romania.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
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for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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In addition to pulverizing, the mill system also dries coal with recirculated hot flue gas from the
combustion chamber. The hot air (primary air) supply at the head of the flue gas recirculation ducts
for regulating the temperatures in the mill is currently not in use. Cold air dampers are installed at
every mill for protection against excessive temperature.
The boiler has 12 ignition arzators in 3 levels. The arzators are arranged in the side walls adjacent
to the coal arzators. For ignition oil and natural gas are used as fuels.
The combustion air system is of a two-stranded design. The boiler is equipped with 2 forced draft
(FD) fans and 2 induced draft (ID) fans.
Steam-air preheater and regenerative air preheater follow the FD fans on the pressure side.
Downstream, hot air is transported through collecting ducts on both sides around the boiler and
supplies the ignition arzators and the PC arzators. The two traveling grates which are installed
below the combustion chamber are supplied with combustion air by a separate hot air duct. Flow
measurements and dampers for air distribution control are arranged in the hot air ducts.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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1.6 Instrumentatie
Instrumentatii multiple pentru sarcinile de masurare se vor pune la dispozitie doar acolo unde se
solicita acest lucru de regulamentele relevante sau ca alternativa permisa la masuratorile de tip
cerute.
Masuratorile care sunt relevante pentru protectia cazanului impotriva avariei vor fi proiectate
conform clasificarii “SIL” .
Toate masuratorile analoage si semnaele binare necesare pentru controlul si monitorizarea
obiectului furnizarii trebuie sa fie puse la dispozitie de furnizorul DCS.
P&ID-urile relevante in ultima variante:
13091.14/PT350-SC351-004 SCHEMA TEHNOLOGICA CU AUTOMATIZARI CIRCUITE
DE AER SI GAZE DE ARDERE
13091.14/PT350-SC351-006 SCHEMA TEHNOLOGICA CU AUTOMATIZARI
ALIMENTATOR-MOARA-ARZATOR PRAF CARBUNE
Va informam ca in continuare vor fi listate atat codurile AKS ale ICPET, cu negru, si ale BBS cu
albastru.
Codurile BBS se refera la P&ID-urile vechi ala BBS care acum nu mai sunt valabile (doc. no. A55-
0345-BS-07-0299-100-MFB-0001 PID AIR AND FLUE GAS SYSTEM si A55-0345-BS-07-0299-
100-MFB-0002÷0007 PID COAL FIRING SYSTEM MILL 1÷6).
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Se recomanda integrarea grupurilor functionale „recirculare gaze rse reci” dupa oprirea cazanului
in post-curatarea cazanului.
Aerul de baraj este necesar pentru prevenirea recircularii gazelor arse calde in coductele de
recirculare gaze arse reci cauzata de scaderea presiunii la ventilatoarele ID. In caz de reflux, ar
exista un risc crescut de avarii in sistemul de recirculare gaze arse reci incluzand injectia aer
primar / gaze arse recirculate reci. Clapetele de inchidere din aval de ventilatoarele de aer baraj
trebuie sa fie operate automat pentru a putea sa se deschida imediat atunci cand ventilatorul VGR
va fi inchis.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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O suflare obisnuita a liniilor de impuls este necesara si trebuie efectuata cel putin o data pe
saptamana.
Gamele de control ale clapelor, in special cele de pe aerul secundar, trebuie monitorizate continuu.
Clapele manuale dinainte de lancile OFA2 se vor seta dupa cum urmeaza:
Perete fata: clape manuale 100% deschise.
Perete spate: clape manuale 100% deschise.
Ajustarile exacte se fac in timpul punerii in functiune.
De vreme ce aerul fals/de scurgere este aspirat de cazan, se va asigura la fiecare schimb de tura
ca toate trapele de acces si clapele existente (in special in zona palniei de alimentare si a
gratarului) sunt inchise.
Toate morile trebuie, pe cat posibil, sa fie operate la aceeasi incarcare a palniei pentru a mentine
arderea uniforma.
Manuirea carbunelui trebuie facuta uniform la mori – nu trebuie sa existe valori calorice diferentiate
intre palniile de alimentare individuale. Amestecarea trebuie efectuata din stocul de carbune.
Valoarea punctului setat pentru aerul primar nu trebuie sa depaseasca 5,000 Nm³/h per moara, dar
cand acest lucru se intampla trebuie luate masuri.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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In modulul normal de operare temperatura la moara este controlata prin recircularea gazelor arse
reci (max. 25,000 Nm³/h per mill).
Cantitatile exacte ale debitelor de aer si gaze arse, respectiv, se seteaza in timpul punerii in
functiune.
Pentru variatiile de CO de > 80 mg / min. Debitul de aer (sau punctul setat pentru O2) trebuie
ridicat temporar cu 10%.
La cresterile de sarcina, cantitatea de aer trebuie sa fie marita inaintea celei de combustibil. Cand
sarcina creste, cantitatea de combustibil trebuie micsorata inaintea celei de aer.
Pentru a evita refluxul gazelor arse reci in timp ce ventilatorul VGR este inchis (ex. aprinderea se
face doar cu arzatoarele de start) design-ul clapetelor de inchidere si al ventilatoarelor de aer baraj
trebuie sa asigure o suprapresiune in sistemul VGR 1 mbar. Asadar, etanseitatea clapetelor de
control si inchidere, precum si presiunea la iesirea/intrarea in sistemul VGR trebuie luate in caldul
in mod corect la calculul capacitatii ventilatorului de aer de baraj.
4 Operarea cazanului
Controlul corectiei valorii calorice este necesar la operarea cu NOx redus; acest control corecteaza
aportul de caldura. Ajustarea preciziei intregului volum de aer alimentat se obtine prin controlul
corectiei O2 , care asigura ca rata de aer dorita a arderii este respectata.
Pentru controlul operarii cu NOx redus, ratade aer trebuie calculata pentru intreagacantitate de aer
alimentata pana deasupra curelei arzatorului si la iesirea din cuptor ca operanda in procesul de
control. Figura 1 arata rata aerului de la 100% pana la 60% sarcina cazan. Totusi, aceste
diagrame trebuie ajustate in timpul punerii in functiune.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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1,30
1,25 1,23
1,21
1,20 1,17
1,15
Air Excess Ratio [-]
1,15
1,10
1,10
1,10 1,06
1,05 1,01
1,00
0,93
0,95
0,90
0,85
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Thermal Heat Input [MW]
Figure 1: Rata de aer deasupra curelei arzatorului, in aval de OFA1 si OFA2 (final cos)
Figura 2 arata volumele de aer cumulate pentru 100% pana la 60% sarcina cazan.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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300.000
250.000
Volumetriec Air Flow (Cumulative) [Nm³/h] .
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
0
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
OFA2 OFA1
Secondary Air Burner Cooling Air
Ignition Burner Cooling Air Grate Air
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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INCHISE".
Module de operare: Comutarea controlului de la "MANUAL" la "AUTO" are loc atunci
etapele de pornire ale grupului de functii MOARA / ARZATOR PC sunt
incepute.
Comutarea controlului de la "AUTO" la"MANUAL" are loc in etapele de
inchidere ale grupului de sub-functii AER SECUNDAR si in timpul unei
erori.
Controller-ul poate fi comutat pe modulul de operare "MANUAL" sau
"AUTO" de catre operator.
La comutarea clapei de aer secundar pe "LOCAL" direct pe cursa,
controlul este setat pe "MANUAL" si o pozitie de presetare este blocata
din sistemul de control al procesului.
Cand calitatea semnalului este scazuta la masurarea volumului
NG01÷NG06F001/ NL01÷NL06F001 controlul este comutat pe
"MANUAL".
Cand calitatea semnalului este scazuta la raspunsul clapetei de control
NG01-06S001, controlul se comuta de pe "AUTO" pe "MANUAL".
4.1.3 Control O2
Punct setare: Controller-ul de O2 corecteaza volumul de aer secundar si OFA la
arzator pana cand valoarea efectiva masurata de O2 corespunde
punctului de setare din Fig. 3 Diagrama punctului de setare “Masurarea
O2 in convectivul cazanului”
Legenda:
Oxigen content in flue gas Downstreamn Continutul de oxigen din gazele de ardere in
ECO [Vol%, wet] aval ECOb [Vol%, umede]
pentru O2.
Punctul de setare al O2 este ajustat prin corectia controller-ului de NOx-
CO in limite (± 30%) pentru a lua in calcul conditiile de ardere existente.
In plus, punctul de setare O2 poate fi modificat printr-un punct de
reglare (± 20%).
Valoare: Valoarea medie a masuratorilor de oxigen (valoarea dusa la nivel mediu
in timp: 15 min.)
NR10Q004/ NR10A001
NR10Q005/ NR10A006
NR10Q006/ NR10A008
NR10A010
NR20Q004/ NR20A001
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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NR20Q005/ NR20A006
NR20Q006/ NR20A008
NR20A010
Element control: Capacitatea controller-ului de O2 modifica punctele de setare ale
aerului secundar, OFA1 si OFA2.
Valoare control: Puncte de setare ale aerului secundar, OFA1 si OFA2
Limitari: Corectia O2 nu este activa atunci cand:
Aportul de caldura < 40%, sau
Controlul este pe MANUAL, sau
Se modifica sarcina cazanului.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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*Pentru controlul de corectie al NOx-CO dupa clasificarea SIL, masuratorile CO din amonte de
APH trebuie sa fie instalate de client.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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NG72F001/ NG72F001
Element control: Clapeta de control
NG71S001/ NG71S001
NG72S001/ NG72S001
Valoare control: Grad de deschidere
Limitari: Prioritara "miscare de inchidere” cand controller-ul OFA 2 este setat pe
"AUTO" si ambele ventilatoare cu tiraj fortat sunt "OPRITE".
Module de operare: Comutarea controller-ului de pe "MANUAL" pe "AUTO" are loc in timpul
curatarii cazanului.
Controller-ul poate fi comutat pe modulul de operare "MANUAL" sau
"AUTO", respectiv.
La comutarea clapetelor de control OFA2 pe "LOCAL" direct de la
camera de control, controlul este comutat pe "MANUAL" si pozitia de
presetare din sistemul de control al procesului se blocheaza.
Cand calitatea semnalului masuratorii volumului este slaba
NG71÷NG72F001/ NG71÷NG72F001 controlul este comutat pe
"MANUAL".
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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moara
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Pentru a asigura o ardere de suport adecvata, la pornirea morilor de carbune trebuie analizat
aportul de caldura in functie de numarul de mori de carbune. Aceasta asigura ca morile de carbune
si arzatoarele in functionare au destula putere pentru arderea in siguranta a prafului de carbune
din moara de pornire. Totusi, aportul de caldura nu este disponibil in conformitate cu cerintele de
calitate ale SIL!
Unul din urmatoarele criterii trebuie indeplinit pentru declansarea arderii pe carbune: la un aport de
caldura > LOW3, 8 din 12 arzatoare trebuie sa fie in functiune. La un aport de caldura > LOW2 cel
putin 3 mori si 2 arzatoare, precum si 4 din 6 detectoare de flacara trebuie sa fie in functiune. La
un aport de caldura > LOW1 cel putin 4 mori trebuie sa fie in functiune si 4 din 6 detectoare de
flacara trebuie sa fie active. Daca apare vre-o defectiune la a 4-a moara de carbune (semnalul ca
a 4-a moara este in functiune nu functioneaza), declansarea arderii pe carbune fara suport pe gaz
se realizeaza timp de 2 minute, daca sunt indeplinite urmatoarele conditii: 4 din cele 6 detectoare
de flacara sunt active, cel putin 3 mori pe carbune sunt in functiune, aportul termic are o valoare
limita > LOW2.
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The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Semnalul FLACARA CARBUNE PORNITA este cuplat cu semnalul care verifica daca cel putin 4
din 6 detectoare de flacara sunt active.
Pentru punctul de comutare mai sus mentionat ar trebui sa existe o valoare limita secundara
>LOW1, cu LOW1=0,3 Vol %, in stare umeda si perioada pentru declansarea intarziata a
semnalului de 60 sec.. Daca nu este posibil sa se adauge o valoare limita secundara pentru acest
punct de comutare, atunci este doar valoarea limita LOW=0,5 vol%, in stare umeda, si perioada
pentru declansarea intarziata a semnalului este de 60 sec. Ar trebui sa fie integrata o alarma
suplimentara in DCS, daca valoarea lui O2 scade sub 1.0 vol %
Daca toate semnalele binare ale flacarii sunt INCHISE, intreaga ardere va fi inchisa (dupa maxim 5
secunde intreaga ardere trebuie sa fie inchisa, in conformitate cu EN 12952).
La formarea semnalului, pozitia finala “DESCHIS” a noilor robineti manuali cu sertar, in conductele
de praf carbune aval de morile de carbune NL01÷NL06G130/ NL01÷NL06G130 si
NL01÷NL06G131/ NL01÷NL06G131 trebuie sa fie integrata
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for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Daca mai putin de 3 din 4 temperaturi au o valoare > 110°C ar trebui sa fie un semnal de alarma.
Daca mai putin de 3 din 4 temperaturi au o valoare > 100°C ar trebui sa fie un semnal de alarma si
viteza alimentatorului ar trebui redula la minumim.
Masurile de modernizare al morii nu fac parte din contract si de aceea, nu vor fi modificari ale
protectiei morilor, peste ajustarile care privesc noile componente furnizate de BBS.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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3,50
3,14
3,00
Downstream ECO [Vol%, wet]
Oxygen Content in Flue Gas
2,42
2,50
2,21
2,00
1,50
1,00
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Thermal Heat Input [MW]
Legenda:
Oxigen content in flue gas Downstreamn ECO Continutul de oxigen din gazele de ardere in
[Vol%, wet] aval ECOb [Vol%, umede]
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Arzatoarele de carbune, atribuite morilor care nu sunt in functiune vor fi alimentate cu un flux de
aer de racire de 4 000 Nm³/h.
Pentru sistemul de control cantitatea minima a volumului de aer secundar pentru un arzator de
carbune este de 7500 Nm³/h.
30000
24.580
Secondary Air Flow Burner [Nm³/h]
25000 23.000
19.310
20000
15.330
15000
12.000
9.000
10000
5000
0
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Thermal Heat Input per Mill [MW]
Figura 3: Fluxul de aer secundar pentru arzator, calculat pentru carbunele de proiectare/ proba
Legenda:
Secondary air flow burner [Nm3/h] Fluxul de aer secundar per arzator [Nm3/h]
Thermal heat input per Mill [MW] Aport de caldura per moara [MW]
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Fluctuatiile calitatii carbunelui au o influenta rapida asupra necesarului de aer si prin urmare si
asupra fluxului de aer secundar. Pentru adaptarea fluxului de aer in functie de calitatea carbunelui,
va fi instalat un controller al corectiilor de O2 si CO. Controllerul pentru corectia CO va fi instalat,
dar nu va fi activat imediat. Decizia privind activarea corectiei de CO va fi luat in cadrul punerii in
functiune. Influenta fluctuatiilor calitatii carbunelui este compensata de controlul corectiei privind
puterea calorifica.
Cand controlul corectiei CO este activat se aplica figura 5.
250
200
200
CO [mg/Nm³, 6% O2] .
160
150
100
50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Thermal Heat Input [MW]
Legenda:
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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6.3 Clapetele de aer secundar (duze superioare, centrale si inferioare ale aerului
secundar)
Clapetele aferente aerului secundar pentru duzele superioare, centrale si inferioare de aer
secundar de pe arzatoarele de praf carbune trebuie sa fie operate dupa cum urmeaza:
Pozitia de racire: 15° DESCHIS
Pozitia de curatare: DESCHIS complet
Setarile vor fi ajustate in timpul punerii in functiune.
120
Opening Position of Over, Centre and Under Air
100
100
Flaps on Burner [% OPEN] .
80
60
40
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Figura 5: Diagrama punctului de setare pentru clapetele de aer ale arzatoarelor (aer inferior, central si
superior)
Legenda:
Opening position of over, centre and under air Pozitia de deschidere ale clapetelor de aer ale
flaps on burner [% OPEN] arzatoarelor - aer superior, central si inferior [%
DESCHIS]
Rpm coal Feeder [%] Rpm alimentator carbune [%]
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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6.4 OFA
Cazanul este echipat cu 2 nivele ale OFA. Fluxul total al OFA la diverse nivele este divizat in
functiile de specificatiile de proces.
6.4.1 OFA1
OFA1 va fi alimentat cu un flux de aer de racire de 2 250 Nm³/h pentru fiecare parte a cazanului.
30.000
OFA1 Air Flow for Each Boiler Side [Nm³/h] .
25.000
22.640
20.000
15.000
12.675
11.770
10.000
5.000
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Figura 6: Diagrama punctului de setare pentru OFA1 pentru fiecare parte a cazanului
Legenda:
OFA1 air flow for each boiler side [Nm3/h] OFA 1 fluxul de aer pentru fiecare parte a cazanului
[Nm3/h]
Thermal heat input [MW] Aport de caldura [MW]
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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120
Damper Position for OFA1 Nozzle [% OPEN] .
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Legenda:
Damper position for OFA1 nozzle [% Pozitia clapetei pentru duzele OFA1 [% DESCHIS]
OPEN]
Thermal heat input [MW] Aport de caldura [MW]
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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6.4.3 OFA2
OFA2 va fi alimentat cu un flux de aer de racire de 2 250 Nm³/h pentru fiecare parte a cazanului
18.000
OFA2 Air Flow for Each Boiler Side [Nm³/h] .
16.550
16.000
14.000
12.000
10.000 9.525
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.500
2.000
0
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Thermal Heat Input [MW]
Legenda:
OFA2 air flow for each boiler side [Nm3/h] Fluxul de aer OFA2 pentru fiecare parte a cazanului
[Nm3/h]
Thermal heat input [MW] Aport de caldura [MW]
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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120
OPEN
Recirculated Cold Flue Gas Volume Flow for
Opening Position of Control Damper for
100
80
each Mill [% OPEN] .
NORMAL
60 OPERATION
40
20
CLOSED
0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
Classifier Temperature [°C]
Figura 9: Diagrama punctului de setare pentru clapeta de control a gazelor de ardere reci recirculate
pentru fiecare moara
Legenda:
Opening position of control damper for Pozitia de deschidere ale clapetei de control pentru
recirculated cold flue gas volume flow for gazele de ardere reci recirculate pentru fiecare moara
each mill [%OPEN] [%DESCHIS]
Classifier temperature [°C] Temperatura separatorului [°C]
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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NS14S001/ NS05S001
NS15S001/ NS05S001
NS16S001/ NS06S001
Cantitatea minima a volumului de gaze de ardere reci recirculate pentru fiecare moara este
5000 Nm³/h.
Cantitatea maxima a volumului de gaze de ardere reci recirculate pentru fiecare moara este
25000 Nm³/h.
Pozitia de deschidere ale clapetei de recirculare a gazelor arse de la fiecare moara sunt date in
figura 11, in functie de temperatura la separatorul morii. Temperatura la separatorul morii este
tinuta sub control la 180°C, cu o abatere permisa de ± 5°C.
Clapeta de recirculare a gazelor arse de la fiecare moara este actionata de un motor.
Setarile vor fi ajustat in timpul punerii in functiune.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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120
OPEN
Opening Position of Mill’s Flue Gas
100
Recirculation Flap [% OPEN] .
80
NORMAL
OPERATION
60
40
20
CLOSED
0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
Classifier Temperature [°C]
Figura 10: Diagrama punctului de setare pentru pozitiile de deschidere ale clapetei de control a gazelor de
ardere recirculate de la moara
Legenda:
Opening position of mill flue gas Pozitia de deschidere ale clapetelor gazelor de ardere
recirculation flap [% OPEN] recirculate de la moara [% DESCHIS]
Classifier temperature [°C] Temperatura separatorului [°C]
Pozitia de deschidere a clapetei de control a fluxului de aer primar pentru fiecare moara este
controlata de temperatura separatorului morii aferente (Figurea 12). Temperatura la separator este
tinuta sub control la 205°C cu o abatere permisa de ±15°C.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Aerul primar nu este activat inainte de atingerea pozitiei externe maxime “DESCHIS” a clapetei
pentru recircularea gazelor arse la moara.
120
OPEN
Primary Air Volume Flow for each Mill [%
Opening Position of Control Damper for
100
80
NORMAL
OPEN] .
60 OPERATION
40
20
CLOSED
0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
Classifier Temperature [°C]
Figure 12: Diagrama punctului de setare – pozitia de deschidere a clapetei de control pentru fluxul de aer
primar per moara.
Legenda:
Opening position of control damper for Pozitia de deschidere a clapetei de control pentru
primary air volume flow for each mill [% fluxul de aer primar pentru fiecare moara [%
OPEN] DESCHIS]
Classifier temperature [°C] Temperatura separatorului [°C]
Cantitatea minima a volumului de aer primar pentru fiecare moara este 0 Nm³/h.
Cantitatea maxima a volumului de aer primar pentru fiecare moara este 5000 Nm³/h.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).
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Nu sunt masuratori interne ale fluxului in conductele de aer primar. De aceea, volumul fluxului de
aer primar pentru fiecare moara trebuie masurat cu un dispozitiv extern in timpul punerii
infunctiune pentru diferite pozitii ale clapetei. Din aceste masuratori, trebuie realizata o curba
“fluxul de aer vs pozitia clapetei” pentru fiecare moara, pentru determinarea cantitatii de aer primar
in functie de pozitia clapetei.
Documents are confidential and governed by German and international copyright and design law.
The documents and their contents remain sole intellectual property of the designer and may only be used as agreed and
for the intended purposes of the designer. Without explicit, written approval of the designer the documents may neither
be duplicated, amended or copied nor made accessible to third parties. Infringements will be prosecuted under the
application of §§ 1, 17, 18 of the Act Against Unfair Competition (UCA).