UNITATEA 1 – PRESENT FORMS ( formele

prezente )

1) Present Simple
Afirmativ: S+V cu terminatia s/es
ex: I/You work.
ex: He/She/It works.
Negativ: S+do/does+NOT+V(base form)
Does este pentru persoana a 3a singular!
Interogativ: Do/Does + S+ V(base form)

Utilizări:
Prezentul Simplu este utilizat pentru:

1) Pt stări permanente, acțiuni repetate și rutine zilnice

Ex: He works at a hotel. ( El lucrează la hotel ) – permanent state
He lays the tables and serves dinner every day. ( El își pune masa și
ia cina în fiecare zi) - daily routine/ repeated actions
2) Pt adevăruri generale și legile naturii
Ex: It rarely rains in the desert. ( Plouă rar în deșert )
3)Pt orare ( trenuri, avioane, etc) și programe
Ex: The plane to London takes off at 6:50 am. ( Avionul spre Londra
decoleaza la 6:50 )
4)Pt comentarii sportive, recenzii și narațiune
Ex: a) Hill kicks the ball and passes it to Dawson ( Hill lovește mingea și i
o pasează lui Dawson ) – comentariu sportiv
b) Laura Hunt acts superbly in the film. ( Laura Hunt actionează
superb în film ) – recenzie
c) So, the prince tells her...(Astfel, așa îi spune prințul ) - narațiune
 Expresii
1) Always ( mereu, întotdeauna )
2) Usually ( de obicei )
3) Every day / week/ month/ year ( in fiecare zi, sapt, luna, an)
4) On Mondays/Tuesdays ( în zilele de luni, marți )
5) In the morning/ afternoon/ evening
6) At night ( noaptea )
7) At the weekend

EXERCIȚII:
3/7 Trebuie să punem doesn’t sau don’t unde este necesar!
1. Water boils at 100 grade C.
2. Rice doesn’t grow on trees. ( Orezul nu crește în copaci )
3. Chicks hatch from eggs.
4. Kangaroos don’t live in Spania.
5. Plants need water to grow.
6. Rain falls from clouds.
7. Astrounauts don’t travel in submarines.
8. Cows don’t lay eggs.
9. Pandas don’t live in Italy.
10.Elephants don’t eat meat.
11.Fish don’t walk on land.
12.The sun doesn’t set in the east.
13.Bees don’t give milk.
14.Caterpillars turn into butterflies.
15.Wool comes from sheep.

Nu punem nimic la persoana a 3a plural!

s punem la persoana a 3a singular
don’t daca e la plural
doesn’t daca e la singural

Adverbe de frecventa:
1) Always ( mereu, intotdeauna ) – 100%
2) Usually ( de obicei ) – 75%
3) Often ( adesea, deseori ) – 50%
4) Sometimes ( uneori, cateodata ) – 25%
5) Seldom/ rarely ( rareori ) – 10%
6) Never ( niciodata ) – 0%

2) Present Continuous
Afirmativ: S+be ( am/is/are ) + V ing
Ex: I am watching TV now.
She is doing her homework now.
Negativ: S+be( am/is/are ) + NOT + V ing
Ex: I am not watching TV now.
She is not doing her homework now.
Interogativ: Be ( Am/Is/Are) + S+ V ing ?
Ex: Are you watching TV now?
Is she doing her homework now?

Utilizări:
1) Pentru actiuni care au loc acum, in momentul vorbirii sau pentru
actiuni temporare; acestea sunt actiuni care au loc acum, dar nu in
momentul actual al vorbirii.
 Ex: Helen is working hard these days. Right now she’s reading a
newspaper. ( She is not working at the moment of speaking.) –
Helen lucreaza din greu in aceste zile. Chiara cum citeste un ziar.
( nu lucreaza in momentul vorbirii )
2) cu always ( intotdeauna ) cand vrem sa ne exprimam iritatia fata de
actiunile care se intampla prea des. ( too often –adesea,deseori )
Ex: You’re always forgetting to pay the bills. ( Mereu uiti sa
platesti facturile. )
3) pt actiuni care deja le am aranjat sa le facem in viitorul apropiat,
mai ales cand timpul si locul au fost decise.
Ex: Melanie is getting married at 3 this afternoon. ( The time and
the place for the wedding ceremony have been decided.) – Melanie
se marita la 3 in dupa amiaza asta. ( Timpul si locul pt nunta sunt
stabilite )
4)pt situatii in schimbare sau dezvoltare
Ex: More and more forests are disappearing because of fires.
( Din ce in ce mai multe paduri dispar din cauza incendiilor. )

Expresii:
1) now
2) at the moment
3) these days – zilele acestea
4) at present – in prezent
5) tonight – la noapte
6) nowadays – in zilele noastre
7) still – inca

EXERCIȚII:
5/7 PS sau PC
1. These days, it seems everything is changing. Cities are becoming bigger and
busier every year, technology is developing faster than ever before, and
scientist are learning more about the way things work. PC
Present Continuous- changing or developing situations
2. Water boils at 100 grade C and freezes when the temperature drops below 0
grade C. Salt water is different, however. PS
Present Simple – general truth and laws of nature
3. This film is great ! It has an all-star cast and the script is very funny. The
action begins when two young men tries to rob a bank.PS
Present Simple : review
4. Rogers kicks the ball and passes it to Jones. Jones runs down the pitch. He
passes the ball to Smith who shoots and scores!PS
Present Simple: sports commentary

9/8
PS/PC
Michael MCIntosh is a very busy man.
Every morning, he leaves home at 8 o’clock, and goes to his office. He
usually has meetings until lunchtime, and in the afternoon, he often visits
the people of Madewell. He really enjoys talking to people.
At the moment, he and his team are organizing his election campaign.
There are elections in June and hopes to persuade lots of people to vote for
him.
Next month, he is going to London to meet the Prime Minister. They are
having a meeting to discuss future plans for Madewell.

+ STATE VERBS PAGINA 9

3) Present Perfect Simple

Afirmativ: S+HAVE+ V ( past participle ) V3
Ex: I/You have left/arrived.
Negativ: S+HAVE+NOT+V(past participle)V3
Ex: You have not ( haven’t ) left/arrived.
 Ex: He/She/It has not ( hasn’t ) left/arrived.
Interogativ:HAVE+S+V(past participle) V3?
Ex: Have you left/arrived? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

4) Present Perfect Continuous

Afirmativ: S+HAVE+BEEN+Ving
Ex: I/You have been reading.
He/She/It has been reading.
Negativ: S+HAVE+NOT+BEEN+Ving
Ex: You have not ( haven’t ) been reading.
He/She/It has not ( hasn’t ) been reading.
Interogativ: HAVE+S+BEEN+Ving?
Ex: Have you been reading? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
Has he/she it been reading?

The PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE – NU SE PUNE ACCENT PE

DURATA
Utilizări:
1) Este folosit pentru a descrie o actiune care a inceput in trecut si
continua pana in prezent, in special cu verbe de stare: have, like,
know, be, etc. In acest caz, folosim adesea FOR si SINCE.
Ex: They have been friends for twenty years. ( They met each
other twenty years ago and they are still friends.) – Ei sunt prieteni
de 20 de ani. (S-au cunoscut acum 20 de ani si inca sunt prieteni. )
2) Este folosit si pt o actiune care s-a incheiat recent si al carei
rezultat este vizibil in prezent.
 Ex: She has picked a lot of apples. ( The apples are in the basket,
so the action has finished. ) – A cules o multime de mere. ( Merele
sunt in cos, actiunea estee terminate.)
3) Este folosit pentru o actiune care a avut loc la un moment
nedeclarat in trecut. Ora exacta nu este importanta, deci nu este
mentionata. Accentul se pune pe actiune.
Ex: a) He has broken his arm. (The exact time is not mentioned.
What is important is the fact that his arm is broken.) – El si-a rupt
bratul. ( Timpul nu este mentionat, ce e important este faptul ca
bratul sau e rupt.)
b) Peter has been to Paris four times. (The exact time of each
of his visits is not mentioned. What is important is the fact that he
has visited Paris four times.) – Peter a fost la Paris de 4 ori. ( Ora
exacta a fiecaruia dintre vizitele sale nu e mentionata. Important
este faptul ca a vizitat Parisul de 4 ori. )
4) Este folosit si pentru o actiune care s-a petrecut intr-o anumita
perioda de timp, care nu s-a incheiat in momentul vorbirii, cum ar fi astazi,
in aceasta dimineata/dupa-amiaza/saptamana/luna/an etc.
Ex: She has received three faxes this morning. ( The action has
been repeated three times up to now and may happen again because the time period
– this morning – is not over yet.) – A primit 3 faxuri in aceasta dimineata.
( Actiunea s-a repetat de trei ori pana acum si se poate intampla din nou deoarece
perioada de timp – azi dimineata – nu s a incheiat inca ).
Ex: She received three faxes this morning. (The time period – this
morning- is over. It is now afternoon or evening) . – A primit 3 faxuri in aceasta
dimineata ( Perioada de timp – azi dimineata s a incheiat. Acum este dupa amiaza
sau seara . ) PAST SIMPLE

The PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS –SE PUNE ACCENT PE DURATA

Utilizari:
1) Este folosit pentru a pune accent pe durata unei actiuni care a inceput in
trecut si continua pana in prezent, in special cu expresii de timp precum for,
since, all morning/day/week, etc.
 Ex: Sarah has been picking vegetables for two hours. ( She started picking
vegetables two hours ago and she is still picking them now. ) – Sarah culege
legume de doua ore. ( A inceput sa culeaga legume in urma cu doua ore si
inca le culege acum. )
2) Este folosit si pentru o actiune care a inceput si s-a terminat in trecut si a
durat ceva timp. Rezultatul actiunii este vizibil in prezent.
Ex: He is dirty. He has been playing football. ( He is no longer playing
football, but the fact that his clothes are dirty is visible now) – El este
murdar . A jucat fotbal. ( Nu mai joaca fotbal, dar faptul ca hainele lui sunt
murdare se vede acum. )
3) Este folosit pt a exprima o iritare, nervozitate
Ex: Who has been reading my business papers? (The speaker is irritated.)-
Cine mi-a citit documentele de afaceri? (Vorbitorul este iritat.)

Expresii ( PPS + PPC )

1) How long ( De cat timp )
2) For ( pentru / de )
3) Since ( de cand )
4) Lately/ recently ( in ultima perioada/recent )

Expresii ( PPS )
1) Already ( deja )
2) Yet ( inca )
3) Just ( tocmai )
4) Always ( mereu )
5) Ever ( vreodata )
6) Never ( niciodata )
7) So far ( pana acum )

EXERCIȚII:
20/13
Dear Connie,
I hope you are enjoying yourself at university. I’m sure you have
been studying hard. Everything is fine here at home. Billy has
just received his school report. It was bad, as usual. He has
decided to leave school next year and find a job. Fiona has been
going to the gym every day for the past two weeks. She has been
trying to get in shape for the summer. She has already planned
her holiday in the sun. Your father has sold the old car and he has
bought a new one. It’s lovely – much nicer than the old one.

23/15

1) have known
2) has been working
3) is doing
4) am leaving
5) has finished
6) looks
7) has washed
8) has been talking
9) arrives
10) have been reading
11) are you going?
12) Have been searching
13) Haven’t seen
14) Speaks
15) Are moving
 UNITATEA 2 – PAST FORMS
( FORMELE TRECUTE )

1) Past Simple
Afirmativ: S+ V- ed ( V2 )
Ex: I/He/She/We returnet/left.
Negativ: S+ DID + NOT + V ( base form )
Ex: He did not ( didn’t ) return/leave.
Interogativ : DID + S+ V ( base form ) ?
Ex: Did he return/leave? Yes , he did. / No, he didn’t.

Utilizări:
1) Pentru o actiune care s-a petrecut la un moment determinat din
trecut. Ora este decarata, deja cunoscuta sau cu subinteles.
Ex: They spent their holidays in Switzerland last winter. ( When did
they go to Switzerland? Last winter. The time is stated. ) – Si-au
petrecut vacantele in Elvetia iarna trecuta. ( Cand au plecat in
Elvetia? Iarna trecuta. Se precizeaza timpul. )

2) Pentru actiuni care s-au petrecut una dupa alta in trecut

Ex: First, he read the message. Then , he called his boss. – Mai
intai, el a citit mesajul, apoi il suna pe seful sau.

3)Pentru obiceiurile sau starile trecute care sunt acum terminate. In

astfel de cazuri putem sa folosim si expresia USED TO
 Ex: People travelled/used to travel by carriage in those days. –
Oamenii calatoreau cu trasura in acele vremuri.
4)Cand vorbim despre niste oameni care acum sunt decedati
Ex: Marilyn Monroe starred in a number of successful films. – Marilyn
Monroe a jucat intr-o serie de filme de succes.

Expresii:
1) Yesterday
2) Last night/week/month/year/Monday
3) Two days/weeks/months
4) Ago
5) Then
6) When
7) How long ago..?
8) In 1992/1845

2) Past Continuous
Afirmativ: S+was/were+Ving
Ex: I/He/She was
We/They were watching.
Negativ: S+was/were+NOT+Ving
Ex: He was not / They were not watching.
Interogativ: Was/Were+S+Ving?
Was he/ Were they watching? Yes, he was./No,they weren’t.

Utilizari:
1) Pentru o actiune care a fost in desfasurare la un moment stabilit in
trecut. Nu mentionam cand a inceput sau cand s-a terminat actiunea.
Ex: At three o’clock yesterday afternoon, they were sitting at an
outdoor café. (We do not know when they got to or when they left the
café.) - Ieri dupa amiaza, la ora trei, stateau la o cafenea in aer liber.
( Nu stim cand au ajuns sau cand au plecat de la cafenea. )

2) Pentru o actiune care era in desfasurare cand o alta actiune a interrupt-o.

Folosim trecutul continuu pentru actiunea in curs (actiunea mai lunga).
Folosim trecutul simplu pentru actiunea care a interrupt-o ( actiunea
mai scurta ).
Ex: He was walking when he slipped on a banana skin. – El mergea,
cand a alunecat pe o coaja de banana.

3) Pentru doua sau mai multe actiuni simultane

Ex: She was steering the boat while he was playing the guitar. – Ea
conducea barca in timp ce el canta la chitara.

4) Pentru a descrie atmosfera, decorul etc., in introducerea unei povesti

inainte de a descrie evenimentele principale.
Ex:Todd and Emily were riding through the forest. The sun was shining
and the birds were singing. – Todd si Emily calatoreau prin padure.
Soarele stralucea si pasarile cantau.

Expresii:
1) When
2) While
3) As
4) All day/night/morning etc.
EXERCIȚII:
4/19 PS/PC
1) Was lying
2) heard
3) opened
4) was opening
5) were trying
6) climbed
7) crept
8) was standing
9) saw
10) was moving
11) was holding
12) knew
13) were looking

3) Past Perfect Simple

Afirmativ: S+HAD+ V3
Ex.: She had arrived/gone.
Negativ: S+HAD+NOT+V3
Ex: She had not arrived/gone.
Interogativ: HAD+S+V3?
Ex: Had she arrived/gone? Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
Utilizări:

1) Pentru o actiune care s-a petrecut inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute sau
inaintea unui timp stabilit in trecut.
Ex: They had already reserved the table when they went to the
restaurant. (They made a reservation first and then they went to the
restaurant) – Rezervasera deja masa cand mergeau la restaurant. (au
facut mai intai o rezervare si apoi au mers la restaurant. )

2) Pentru o actiune care s-a incheiat in trecut si al carei rezultat a fost

vizibil in trecut
Ex: Bill had injured his legs in a car accident, so he had to use a
wheelchair for six months. (The action finished in the past and its result
was visible in the past, too.) – Bill si-a ranit picioarele intr-un accident
de masina, asa ca a trebuit sa foloseasca un scaun cu rotile timp de 6
luni. ( actiunea s-a incheiat in trecut si rezultatul ei a fost vizibil in
trecut.)

Note: PAST PERFECT ESTE ECHIVALENT CU PRESENT

PERFECT

Ex: a) He had broken his leg, so he couldn’t walk. (The action ‘had
broken’ happened in the past, and the result ‘couldn’t walk’ was visible
in the past, too.) – El si-a rupt piciorul, asa ca nu a putut sa mearga.
( Actiunea , si a rupt piciorul , s a intamplat in trecut, iar rezultatul , nu
a putut sa mearga , e vizibil tot in trecut.) – PAST PERFECT

b) He has broken his leg, so he can’t walk. (The action ‘ has broken
’ happened in the past, and the result ‘ can’t walk ‘ is still visible in the
present.) – Si-a rupt piciorul, asa ca nu mai poate merge.( Actiunea , si-
a rupt piciorul ‘ este vizibila in trecut, iar rezultatul , nu mai poate
merge, este vizibila in prezent. ) – PRESENT PERFECT
 Expresii:

1) Before
2) After
3) Already
4) For
5) Since
6) Just
7) Till/until
8) When
9) By
10) By the time
11) never

4) Past Perfect Continuous

Afirmativ:S+HAD+BEEN+ Ving
Ex: He had been crying.
Negativ: S+HAD+NOT+BEEN+Ving
Ex: He had not ( hadn’t ) been crying.
Interogativ: HAD+S+BEEN+Ving?
Ex: Had he been crying? Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.

Utilizari:
1) Pune accent pe durata actiunii care a inceput si s-a terminat in trecut inaintea
unei altei actiuni trecute sau a unui timp stabilit in trecut, de obicei cu
SINCE sau FOR.
Ex: They had been skating together for five years before they entered the
competition. –Au patinat impreuna timp de 5 ani inainte de a intra in
competitie.
2) Pentru o actiune care a durat ceva timp in trecut si al carei rezultat a fost
vizibil in trecut.
Ex: She had been working hard that day, so she was tired. (She spent all day
working hard and the result of the action was visible in the past, too.) – Ea
muncise din greu in acea zi, asa ca era obosita. (A petrecut toata ziua
muncind din greu si rezultatul actiunii a fost vizibil si in trecut.)

NOTE: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ESTE ECHIVALENT CU

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

a) He had been waiting for hours, so he was bored. (The action ‘had been
waiting’ lasted for some time in the past, and the result ‘was bored’ was
visible in the past.) – Asteptase ore intregi, asa ca se plictisise. ( Actiunea
, a asteptat , a durat ceva timp in trecut, iar rezultatul , s-a plictisit , a fost
vizibil in trecut. ) – PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
b) He has been waiting for hours, so he is bored. (The action ‘has been
waiting’ started in the past, and the result ‘is bored’ is still visible in the
present.) – A asteptat ore intregi, asa ca s-a plictisit. ( Actiunea , a
asteptat, a inceput in trecut, iar rezultatul este , s-a plictisit, este inca
vizibil in prezent.) – PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Expresii:
1) For
2) Since
3) How long
4) Before
5) until