Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
FORM:
Af. : S + VB + (E)S pers a IIIa singular
Neg. : S + DONT/DOESNT + VB
Int. : DO/DOES + S + VB ?
Ex.:
Af. : I work
You work
He works
She works
It works
We work
You work
They work
Int.: Do I work ?
Do you work ?
Does he work ?
Does she work ?
Does it work?
Do we work?
Do you work?
Do they work?
Terminaia (e)s :
1. Majoritatea verbelor adaug -s la persoana a IIIa singular;
Ex: run runs
drive drives
2. Verbele care se termin n o, x, s, z, ch, sh adaug -es la persoana a IIIa
singular;
Ex: do does
go goes
mix mixes
pass passes
buzz buzzes
watch watches
wash washes.
3. Verbele care se termin n y i au nainte o consoan, transform y-ul n i i
adaug terminaia es, dar dac nainte de y este o vocal , y rmne neschimbat i
se adaug doar s
Ex.: try tries
cry cries
buy buys
play plays
ntrebuinri:
1. Se folosete pentru a exprima adevruri generale , situaii de o valabilitate
generala.
Ex.: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
Birds fly.
2. Se folosete pentru a exprima aciuni obinuite, repetate , situaii permanente.
Este nsoit de obicei de adverbe de timp ca : every (day/ week/ month/ year etc.),
never, occasionally, often, sometimes, seldom, twice a week, usually etc. .
Ex.: We go to school every morning. (repetat)
Father smokes too much. (obicei)
Jane works in a bin factory. (situaie permanent)
3. n vorbirea direct, pentru a introduce citate.
Ex.: Shakespeare says:
Not marble, nor the gilded monuments
Ok princes shall
4. Uneori n redarea sumarului unei povestiri, fiind numit present istoric sau narativ.
Ex.: I went into the dark room and, suddenly, I hear a strange noise.
Uneori i prezentul simplu i continuu pot fi folosite pentru a reda rezumatul unei
povestiri ns exist o mic diferen ntre ele. n timp ce prezentul simplu se
folosete pentru o succesiune de aciuni scurte care au loc imediat una dup cealalt ,
prezentul continu se folosete pentru aciuni care erau deja n desfurare cnd
ncepe povestirea sau la un anumit moment din povestire.
Ex.: The Prince enters the cave and there he sees a witch. The witch is boiling
something and is talking to a huge black cat that is looking at itself in a mirror.
5. n intruciuni i demonstraii redate pas cu pas.
Ex.: First, I take the potatoes and slice them. Then, I slice the tomatoes, fry the
onion and parsley in a little fat until the onions are translucent.
6. n comentarii sportive. n acest caz prezentul simplu se refer la aciuni rapide ( care
sunt ncheiate nainte de propoziiile care le descriu. Prezentul continu este utilizat
pentru aciuni mai lungi.
Ex. : The goal keeper passes to Maradona, but Hagi ibtercepts. Hagi to Lctu
and he shoots and its a goal! The Romanians are leading by three goals to nil in the
second half.
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Aff: S+VB2
Neg: S+DIDNT+VB
Int: DID+S+VB1
aff:I worked
You worked
He/she/it worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
Verbe regulate:
neg:I didnt work
You didnt work
He/she/it didnt work
We didnt work
You didnt work
They didnt work
Int:
Did I work?
Did you work?
Did he/she/it work?
Did we work?
Did you work?
Did they work?
I.Verbele regulate sunt verbele care formeaza trecutul si participiul trecut prin adaugarea
terminatiei *ed* la forma de baza.
Particularitatile ortografice:
1.Verbele care se termina in *e* adauga doar *d*;
Ex:like-liked
2.Verbele care se termina in consoana +*y* transforma y-ul in *i* si adauga *ed*;
Ex:study-studied
Daca verbul se termina in:vocala+y, y-ul ramane neschimbat si se adauga *ed*;
ex: play-played
3.Verbele care se termina in consoana si au inainte o vocala scurta accentuata;dubleaza
consoana finala si apoi adauga *ed*;
Ex: stop-stopped.
II.Verbele neregulate sunt alte verbe care isi schimba forma de trecut si participiu:
Verbe neregulate
aff:I went
You went
She went
He went
It went
We went
You went
They went
int:Did I go?
Did you go?
Did she go?
Did he go?
Did it go?
Did we go?
Did you go?
Did they go?
Intrebuintari:
1.Trecutul simplu se foloseste pt. a exprima actiuni care s-au incheiat intr-un anume
moment,bine precizat,din trecut;
Ex: I went to the mountains last week.
*yesterday,last night,last,a week ago,.ago
2.Se foloseste pentru a exprima obiceiuri din trecut;
ex: My grandmother drank five cups of coffee a day.
In aceasta intrebuintare mai pot fi folosite inca 2 constructii:
a) used to+infinitiv:actiuni sau stari trecute in special atunci cand vrem sa facem un
contrast cu prezentul;
Ex: I used to ride my bike to school but now I drive.
He used to have a heard.
b) would to+infinitive: se foloseste pentru a exprima actiuni repetate in trecut;
Ex: When I was at my grandparents home I would wake up early and go for a walk.
3..Se foloseste pt. a exprima o succesiune de actiuni trecute, scurte,care au loc una dupa
cealalta.
Ex: She woke up, got out of bed and made a cup of coffee.
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INTREBUINTARI:
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1.se foloseste pentru a arata ca o actiune care a inceput in trecut continua pana in
prezent.
Ex:Mary has been watering the flowers.
-prin folosirea perfectului simplu se accentueaza repetitia sau incheierea actiunii
Ex.Mary has watered the flowers.(her job is done)
2.se foloseste pentru actiuni repetate pana in prezent,insa deoarece descrie o actiune
aparent neintrerupta nu se foloseste atunci cand se mentioneaza de cate ori o actiune a
fost realizata sau numarul de actiuni facute.
Ex:Ive been drinking tea since 5 oclock.
Dar: Ive drunk three cups of tea since 5 oclock.
Uneori totusi nu este o mare diferenta intre aspectul simplun si cel continuu si ambele
pot fi folosite:
Ex:Jack has lived in this house for two years.
Jack has been living in this house for two years.
Dar acest lucru nu este posibil cu acele verbe care nu pot fi folosite la aspectul continuu:
Ex: I have known Jim for five years.
She has loved you since that day.
INTREBUINTARI
1.se foloseste pentru a exprima o actiune trecuta care a avut loc inaintea altei actiuni
trecute sau a unui alt moment trecut: de fapt este echivalentul trecut al lui Present
Perfect.Se remarca folosirea lui when ,before, now that ,as soon as, after in unele
propozitii care contin un Past Perfect:
ex: The boy explained that he had seen somebody in the garden.
When father came home Dick had done his homework.
Father came home after Dick had done his homework.
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Dick has done his homework before his father came home
2.pentru a exprima durata pana la un anume moment din trecut:
ex:By the time the rain started,we had dug the whole garden.
3.cu just , already , hardly /barely /scarcely ,no sooner pentru a arata ca o actiune a
fost incheiata cu putin inaintea altei actiuni trecute
ex:Mary told us that her brother had just left.
We didnt know that he had already repaired his car .
I had hardly /scarcely /entered the room when somebody knocked at the door.
-in ultimul caz o alta forma poate aparea de asemenea, desi este considerata a fi
demodata:
ex:Hardly /scarcely had I entered the room when somebody knocked at the
door.
No sooner had she seen the photos than she remembered everything about the
accident.
4. In Vorbirea indirecta pentru a exprima un trecut sau un present perfect din vorbirea
directa:
ex:I saw this film last week.Nick said .
Nick said he had seen the film the previous week.
I have never visited New York,the boy explained.
The boy explained he had never visited New York .
5.Cu since si for cand punctul de referinta este trecutul:
ex:In 1980 I had been a teacher for ten years.
I knew she hadnt seen him since Christmas.
6.pentru a exprima un conditional trecut dintr-o propozitie trecuta:
ex: I would have given her the book if I had seen her.
If only you hadnt lied to her!
7.pentru a exprima o dorinta nerealizata :
ex: I wished I hadnt missed the train!
8.Dupa had/would rather (cand subiectele sunt diferite) sau as if /as though :
ex: Yesterday I d rather you had stayed her than gone there.
She spoke about the play as if / as though she had seen it.
9.Pentru a exprima o actiune viitoare care are loc inaintea altei actiuni viitoare exprimata
de un future in the past:
ex: I told my friend that I would lend him the book after I had read it.
10.Cu verbe ca to expect ,to hope, to intend, to mean, to think pentru a exprima
intentia ,speranta trecuta care nu a fost realizata:
ex: I had hoped /intended /meant to find tickets for that performance ,but I
wasnt able to.
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Intrebuintari:
1.se foloseste pentru a exprima o actiune viitoare neutra , ceva ce nu se poate
controla.exprima o prezicere o parere despre viitor. In acest caz se poate folosi adesea
Im sure,I expect,I think sau probably:
ex. I will go on an interesting trip next eek.
I think well have time for a coffee.
Therell probably be a lot of people at the disco.
2.se poate folosi si pentru a exprima o decizie luata exact in momentul vorbirii
ex. Its raining. Ill take an umbrella.
3.Will poate de asemenea exprima vointa sau la negative refuzul de a efectua o anumita
actiune.
Ex. Jim will translate it for you.He speaks Italian.
The doctor wont come at this time of night.
4.se poate folosi Ill/well ca si will/wont you in oferte ,promisiuni,etc.
ex,Ill hold the door for you.~ oh,thanks.
Ill do my best to help you.
Wont you sit down?
Will you do something for me?
5.cand nu ne putem hotari se foloseste shall I/we pentru a cere un sfat sau o sugestie
ex. Where shall I put these flowers?
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TO BE GOING TO
Constructia be+going to +infinitive se poate folosi pentru a exprima :
1.actiuni planuite in viitor
ex. My uncle is going to buy a boat next month.
2.intentia prezenta.
Ex. What is Jane going to tell us?
Exista o diferenta intre intentia exprimata de going to si cea exprimata de viitorul simplu.
In timp ce viitorul simplu se foloseste pentru a arata intentia luata in momentul
vorbirii ,going to se foloseste pentru actiuni care ne-am hotarat deja sa le facem:
Ex. Were going to eat out tonight .( We have decided to eat out tonight)
vs.
Its hot in here.~Ill open the window.
3.prezicerea-cand stim ca ceva va avea loc in viitor datorita unor cause sau circumstante
prezente:
ex. My sister is going to graduate from her faculty in May.
Its going to rain.Look at those big clouds.
INTREBUINTARI:
1. Se foloseste pentru a exprima o actiune in desfasurare intr-un anume moment din
viitor:
ex. Ill be having dinner at seven.
What will you be doing this time next week?
2.Se foloseste pentru a vorbi despre actiuni planuite din viitor sau care se petrec in mod
obisnuit :
ex.Ill be phoning my mother tonight .I always phone her on Fridays.
Well be spending our holiday in the mountains.
Adesea se foloseste ca o modalitate politicoasa de a intreba despre planurile cuiva mai
ales cand vrem ca cineva sa faca ceva pentru noi:
Ex.Will you be going out this morning ? Yes,why? Oh, could you get me a
newspaper?
Will you be using your camera this weekend? I wondered whether could borrow
it?
Aceasta intrebuintare sugereaza ca nu vrem sa schimbam planurile celeilate persoane.
FUTURE PERFECT
FORM:S+WILL+HAVE+PAST PARTCIPLE
S+ WONT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
WILL+S+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will have gone
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will not/wont have gone
Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they have gone ?
INTREBUINTARE:
1. Se foloseste pentru a arata ca o actiune va fi deja incheiata pana la un anume
moment sau pana inainte de o alta actiune viitoare. In acest caz este de obicei
asociat cu prepozitia by in contexte ca :by Monday ,by that time ,by the end of
Ex. It is nine oclock.im sure my sister will have written her composition by
eleven oclock.
2.se foloseste pentru a rata durata pana la un anume moment in viitor:
ex. Tomorrow we shall have been on holiday for one month.
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