UNIVERSITATEA DIN ORADEA

FACULTATEA DE ARHITECTURĂ ŞI CONSTRUCŢII

Proiect
Constructii din beton armat

Coordonator proiect: Prof.univ.dr.ing. Bob Corneliu

Student :David Cun

1
 BORDEROU

A. PIESE SCRISE:

1. Schite. Sectiune orizontala si verticala transversala. Predimensionare elemente;

2. Calculul incarcarilor pe un cadru transversal curent;

3. Calculul static al cadrului transversal curent la incarcari orizontale cu o metoda simplificata de

calcul;

4. Calculul static al cadrului transversal curent cu un program de calcul;

5. Dimensionarea unei pane de beton precomprimat;

6. Dimensionarea unei grinzi principale de beton precomprimat;

7. Dimensionarea unui stalp curent.

B. PIESE DESENATE:

1. Sectiune transversala si orizontala(scara 1:50, respectiv 1:100, 1:200);

2. Plan cofraj si armare grinda / pana(scara 1:20);

3. Plan cofraj si armare stalp( scara 1:20).

2
 Tema proiect

Sa se proicteze structura din beton armat cu schema statica a structurii de rezistenta si

caracteristicile de mai jos:

• Schema statica tip: A

• Tip de nod: articulat

• Inaltime: H=8m

• Deschideri: L1 = 18m L2 = 18m L1 = 18m

• Travee: B = 16 m

• Nr. de travei: n = 4

• Localitate: Buzau

3
 1. Schite. Sectiune orizontala si verticala transversala. Predimensionare elemente:

• Predimensionare elemente

L = 18m ⇒ l = 3.00m ⇒ 6 pane

f adm > f

5 q ⋅l4
f = ⋅ = 4.17
384 E ⋅ I

l
f adm = = 6.4 ⇒ 6.40 > 4.17
250

• Predimensionare grinda principala

1 1 L 18
H max =  ⋅ ⋅ ⋅  L = = = 1.20m
 9 15  15 15

H r = (0.5 − 0.75)H max = 0.75 ⋅ H max = 0.75 ⋅ 1.20 = 0.90m

 1 1  L 18
bp =  ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ L = = = 0.51m
 25 35  35 35

1 1 b p 0.51
h p =  ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ b p = = = 0.129 m
 4 5 4 4

1 1  b p − hp 1 0.51 − 0.129
hf =  ⋅⋅⋅  ⋅ = ⋅ = 0.191m
 5 15  2 15 2

br = (1.5...2.5)b = 1.5b = 0.77m

 1 1  L 18
fc =  ... L = = = 0.12m
 100 200  150 150

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 • Predimensionarea grinzii secundare

1 1 
h =  ... l = 1.45m
 9 11 

1 1
b p =  ... h = 0.70m
 2 3

• Predimensionarea stalpilor

l f = β ⋅ L = 2 ⋅ 8 = 16 m

lf
hmin (bmin ) = = 0.64 m
25

5
2. Calculul incarcarilor pe un cadru transversal curent:

• Incarcari permanente:

Acoperisul sandwich este alcatuit din urmatoarele straturi:

Nr. ctr. Straturi

1 Tabla profilata:tabla din otel

grosime

2 Spuma rigida de poliuretan

3 Tabla din otel

q n = 0.121kN / m 2

• Incarcari din zapada

Valoarea caracteristica a incarcarii din zapada pe acoperis s k se determina astfel:

s = µi ⋅ ce ⋅ ct ⋅ s0,k , unde
k

µi - coeficient de forma pentru incarcarea din zapada pe acoperis;

s0,k - valoarea caracteristica a incarcarii din zapada pe sol (kN/m2), in amplasament;

ce - coeficient de expunere al amplasamentului constructiei;

ct - coeficient termic.

Coeficientul de expunere ce al amplasamentului constructiei este in functie de conditiile de

expunere ale constructiei, valoarea lui fiind de ce = 1.0 .

Pentru acoperisuri cu termorizolatii uzuale coeficientul termic ct este considerat 1.0.

6
Distributia coeficientului de forma µ pentru incarcarea din zapada este:

Panta acoperisului 0 0 ≤ α ≤ 300 α = 20

µ 0.8 + 0.8 ⋅ α / 30 µ = 0.85

Valoarea caracteristica a incarcarii din zapada pe sol s0 ,k este recomandata in harta de zonare:
s 0, k = 2.00 kN / m 2 .

s kn = µ ⋅ c e ⋅ c t ⋅ s 0 ,k = 0.85 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 2.00 = 1.70 kN / m 2

• Incarcari din vant

Presiunea vantului la inaltimea z deasupra terenului, pe suprafetele rigide exterioare sau

interioare ale structurii se determina cu relatia:

w( z ) = q ref ⋅ ce ( z ) ⋅ c p ,unde

qref - presiunea de referinta a vantului;

ce ( z ) - factor de expunere la inaltimea z deasupra terenului;

c p - coeficient aerodinamic de presiune.

Factorul de rugozitate cr(z) defineste variatia presiunii medii a vantului cu inaltiea deasupra
terenului pentru diferite categorii de teren in functie de presiunea de referinta:
q(z )
2 2
 z   10 
cr ( z ) = = k r2 ( z 0 ) ln  = 0.22 ln  = 2.71
qref  z0   0.3 

Factorul kr(z0) pentru diferite categorii de teren

Categoria Mare,lacuri. Camp deschis Zone cu densitate Zone urbane

terenului Teren plat redusa a ctiilor dens construite.

kr(z0) 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.24

7
 Intensitatea turbulentei este coeficientul de variatoe al fluctuatiilor vitezei in jurul vitezei medii.
Intensitatea turbulentei la inaltimea z deasupra terenului se calculeaza din raportul intre radacina
patrata din valoarea media patratica a fluctuatiilor fata de medie ale vitezei pe directia vantului
u(z,t) si viteza medie a vantului la inaltimea z, U(z):

β
I (z ) =
2.35
= = 0.04
z 10
2.5 ln 2.5 ln
z0 0.3

Valorile lui β:

Categoria Mare, Camp deschis Zone cu densitate Zone urbane

terenului lacuri.Teren plat redusa a ctiilor dens construite

β 2.73 2.65 0.35 2.12

Factorul de rafala este raportu dintre presiunea de varf (produsa de rafalele vantului) si presiunea
medie(produsa de viteza medie a vantului):

q g (z ) Q(z ) + g ⋅ σ q
c g (z ) = = = 1 + g ⋅ Vq = 1 + g [2 I ( z )] = 1 + 3.2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 0.04 = 1.26 , unde
Q(z ) Q(z )

Q(z ) - valoarea medie a presiunii produsa de viteza medie a vantului

σ q = q( z , t )2
1/ 2
- radacina patrata din valoarea medie patratica a fluctuatiilor fata de medie ale
presiunii pe directia vantului

Vq - coeficientul de variatie al fluctuatiilor presiunii, aproximativ egal cu dublul coeficientului de

variatie al fluctuatiilor vitezei Vq ≅ 2 I (z )

g = 3.2 - factor de varf

Factorul de expunere sau combinat ce(z) este produsul dintre factorul de rafala si factorul de
rugozitate:

ce ( z ) = c g ( z ) ⋅ cr ( z ) = 1.26 ⋅ 2.71 = 3.41

8
Coeficientul de presiune aerodinamic este:

c p = 0.80

Presiune de referinta a vantului este:

qref = 0.7

Presiunea vantului este:

w( z ) = qref ⋅ ce ( z ) ⋅ c p = 0.7 ⋅ 3.41 ⋅ 0.80 = 1.91kPa

Fv = w( z ) ⋅
H 8
⋅ b = 1.91 ⋅ ⋅ 10 = 76.40kN
2 2

Fv ⋅ H 95.5 ⋅ 8
M A, D = = = 152.80kN ⋅ m
4 4

• Forta taietoare de baza

Fb = γ 1 ⋅ S d (T1 ) ⋅ n ⋅ λ , unde

S d (T1 ) - ordonata spectrului de raspuns de proiectare corespunzatoare perioadei fundamentale T1 ;

T1 - perioada proprie fundamentala de vibratie a cladirii;

n= ∑n ;
i

γ 1 - factor de importanta-expunere a cladirii (clasa II => y = 1.2 );

λ - factor de corectie λ - 0.85 pt. Tc ≥ T1 cu n ≥ 2niveluri ;

λ - 1.00 pt restul constructiilor.

T ≥ TB

β (T )
S d (T ) = a g ⋅
q

ag=0.35g – pentru loc. Buzau , conform normativului P100-1-2013.

a g = 0.35 g = 0.35 ⋅ 9.81 = 3.43

9
Tc = 1.6s

T1 = C t ⋅ H 3 / 4 = 0.075 ⋅ 8 3 / 4 = 0.36 s ;

Ct = 0.075 cadre spatiale din b.a

H - inaltimea cladirii

β (T ) ≅ β 0 = 2.75

αu
q = 3.5
α1
αu
= 1.15 ⇒ q = 4.025
α1

2.75
S d (T ) = 3.43 ⋅ = 2.34
4.025

N1transv = (q nperm ⋅ 1 + q zap

n
⋅ 0.4) ⋅ B ⋅ 3L = (0.121 ⋅ 1 + 1.70 ⋅ 0.4) ⋅ 8 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 18 =
= 346.032kN
Fbtrans = γ 1 ⋅ S d (T1 ) ⋅ n ⋅ λ = γ 1 ⋅ S d (T1 ) ⋅ λ ⋅ N 1,transv = 1.2 ⋅ 1.004 ⋅ 1.00 ⋅ 496.62 = 598.33kN

8
∑ n = 0.121⋅ 8 ⋅18 ⋅ 3 + 0.255 ⋅18 ⋅ 8 ⋅16 + 0.354 ⋅ 25 ⋅18 ⋅ 3 + 0.65 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅18 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 4 = 1239.372kN
a g ⋅ β (T ) n 0.35 g ⋅ 2.75 1239.372
Fb = γ 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ λ = 1 .2 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 1 = 355.65 kN
4.025 g 4.025 g

Fb 355.65
Fb1, stalp = = = 88.91kN
4 4

M A = M D = Fb1, stalp ⋅ H = 88.91 ⋅ 8 = 711.29 kN ⋅ m

• Incarcarea proprie a grinzii secundare

q gs = Ags ⋅ γ b = 0.255 ⋅ 25 = 6.375kN / m

• Incarcarea proprie a grinzii principale

q gp = Agp ⋅ γ b = 0.354 ⋅ 25 = 8.85kN / m

10
3. Calculul static al cadrului transversal curent la incarcari orizontale cu o metoda
simplificata de calcul:

• Momentului incovoietor pentru grinda secundara

tot
g gs = q n ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.35 + q zap ⋅ l ⋅ 1.5 + Ags ⋅ γ b ⋅ 1.35 =
= 0.121 ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.35 + 1.7 ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.5 + 0.255 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 1.35 = 16.75kN / m
tot
q gs ⋅ l 2 16.75 ⋅ 16 2
M gs = = = 536 kN ⋅ m
8 8

• Momentului incovoietor pentru grinda principala

q gp ⋅ nrpane 267.94 ⋅ 6
q gp = = = 89.31kN / m
L 18

tot
q gp = q gp + Agp ⋅ γ b ⋅ 1.35 = 89.31 + 0.354 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 1.35 = 101.26kN / m

q gp = q n ⋅ l ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.35 + q zap ⋅ l ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.5 + l ⋅ Ags ⋅ γ b ⋅ 1.35 = 0.121 ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 16 ⋅ 1.35 + 1.7 ⋅ 16 ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.5 + 0.255 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 16 ⋅ 1.35 =
= 267.94kN
tot
q gp ⋅l2 101.26 ⋅ 18 2
M gp = = = 4101.03kN ⋅ m
8 8

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4. Calculul static al cadrului transversal curent cu un program de calcul:

Diagrama de moment incovoietor pentru grinda secundara My(daN*m):

Diagrama de momente incovoietoare pentru cadrul transversal My(daN*m):

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5. Dimensionarea unei pane de beton precomprimat:

5.1. Calculul numarului de toroane:

Aria armaturii pretensionate poate fi predimensionata pornind de la starea limita de

rezistenta a sectiunilor normale:

M 536 ⋅ 10 6
Ap = = = 893.38mm 2
m ⋅ m p ⋅ ζ ⋅ h0 ⋅ R p 0.85 ⋅ 0.936 ⋅ 0.9 ⋅ 630 ⋅ 1330

m = 0.95(1 − 0.3 ⋅ ξ ) ≥ 0.85 ⇒ 0.95(1 − 0.3 ⋅ 0.9) ≥ 0.85 ⇒ 0.6935 ≤ 0.85 ⇒ m = 0.85

ξ = 0.9

Apk Rp
mp = 1 − k ⋅ ⇒ m p = 0.936
b ⋅ h0 Rc

h0 = 0.9 ⋅ h = 0.9 ⋅ 700 = 6300 ⇒ h0 = 630

1TBP12→ A p1 = 0.885cm 2

0.885 ⋅ 13300
Aobisnuita = = 3.92 (armatura PC52 corespunzatoare unui toron TBP12, considerata
3000
2φ16 cu Aa = 4.02cm 2 )

4.02
= 1.03cm2 (transformarea armaturii obisnuite in armatura pretensionata)
3.92

Aria necesara a armaturii pretensionate(se scade aria echivalenta a armaturii obisnuite):

A p = 893.38 − 103 = 790.38mm 2

Numarul de toroane rezulta:

790.38
nTBP12 = = 8.93 ≅ 9 bucati TBP12
88.5

9 TBP12→ A p = 9 ⋅ 88.5 = 796.5 mm 2

13
Amplasarea armaturilor in sectiunea grinzii:

5.2.Caracteristicile geometrice ale sectiunii ideale:

Aria ideala:

 5 ⋅ 50 
Ai = A1 + A2 + 2 ⋅ A3 = 20 ⋅ 40 + 30 ⋅ 50 + 2 ⋅   = 2550cm = 25.50 ⋅ 10 mm
2 4 2

 2 

Centrul de greutate:

 5 ⋅ 50 
20 ⋅ 40 ⋅ 10 + 25 ⋅ 40 ⋅ 40 + 2 ⋅  ⋅ 36.7 
∑ Ai ⋅ yi  2  = 2.55cm
yG = =
∑ Ai 2550
14
Armatura:

Aa (2φ16 ) = 4.02cm 2

Aa' (4φ12 ) = 4.52cm 2

A p' = 0

A p (4TBP12 ) = 354 mm 2

Coeficientii de echivalenta:

Ep 180000
np = = = 4.74
Eb 38000

E a 210000
na = = = 5.53
Eb 38000

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Momentul de inertie al sectiunii ideale:

40 ⋅ 20 3 30 ⋅ 503  5 ⋅ 50 3 
Ii = + 40 ⋅ 20 ⋅15.50 2 + + 30 ⋅ 50 ⋅14.50 2 + 2 ⋅  + 5 ⋅ 50 ⋅11.2 2  = 0.96 ⋅10 6 cm 4 = 9.60 ⋅10 9 mm 2
12 12  24 
Modulul de rezistenta:

I i 9.6 ⋅ 109
Wii = = = 21.57 ⋅ 10 6 mm 3
zi 445

I i 9.6 ⋅ 109
Wis = = = 37.65 ⋅ 10 6 mm 3
zs 255

W ii 21.57 ⋅ 10 6 W is 37.65 ⋅ 10 6
rs = = = 84.59mm ri = = = 147.65mm
Ai 25.50 ⋅ 10 4 Ai 25.50 ⋅ 10 4

5.3.Eforturile unitare in beton in fibra superioara ( τ bs ) si inferioara ( τ bi ):

Cunoscand armatura A p si excentricitatea e0 p , se verifica eforturile unitare in beton, la

transfer, considerand forta de precomprimare P0 redusa cu 15% (coeficient 0.85), fata de cea de
control (datorita pierderilor de tensiune tehnologice):

P0 = 0.85 ⋅ σ pk ⋅ Ap

q ⋅l2
M gsmin = = 275.4 kNm (momentul incovoietor din greutatea proprie a grinzii secundare)
8

P0 P0 ⋅ e0 p M gs 0.85 ⋅ 1330 ⋅ 796.5 0.85 ⋅ 1330 ⋅ 796.5 ⋅ 385 275.4 ⋅ 10 6

min

τ bs =− + − =− + − = 3.42 N / mm 2
Ab Wbs Wbs 25.50 ⋅ 10 4 37.65 ⋅ 10 6 37.65 ⋅ 10 6
σ bs = 3.42 N / mm 2 ≤ 1.5 Rtk = 1.5 ⋅ 2.51 = 3.76 N / mm 2

P0 P0 ⋅ e0 p M gs
min
0.85 ⋅ 1330 ⋅ 354 0.85 ⋅ 1330 ⋅ 354 ⋅ 385 275.4 ⋅ 10 6
τ bi = − − − =− − + = 7.19 N / mm 2
Ab Wbi Wbi 25.50 ⋅ 10 4
21.57 ⋅ 10 6
21.57 ⋅ 10 6

σ bi = 7.19 N / mm 2 ≤ σ blim0 = 28 N / mm 2 ( τ blim0 -efort unitar de compresiune la transfer)

16
5.4.Eforturi unitare in armatura preintinsa ( τ p 0 ) si in beton ( τ b ), in faza initiala:

Calculul pierderilor de tensiune:

In cazul grinzii ce se calculeaza, se vor lua in considerare - in faza initiala - urmatoarele

pierderi de tensiune:

a) Lunecari locale la blocare (in ancoraj):

λ + λ2 4+0
∆τ λ = 1 ⋅ Ep = ⋅ 180000 = 45.71N / mm 2
Lp 15750
b) Tratament termic: pentru tipare portante incalzitoare
∆τ t ≅ 20 N / mm 2
c) Pretensionare succesiva:
n −1 3 −1
∆τ s = ⋅ nt ⋅ τ tp = ⋅ 0.875 ⋅ 155 = 45.21N / mm 2
2n 2⋅3

Et 180000
nt = = = 0.875 , Et - modul elestic al tiparului
Et 210000

τ tp = 155 N / mm 2 – efortul unitar in elementele longitudinale ale tiparului, la nivelul centrului

de greutate al armaturii pretensionate.

d) Relaxarea armaturii:

τ *po = τ pk − ∆τ λ − ∆τ s = 1330 − 45.71 − 45.21 = 1239.08 N / mm 2

τ *p 0 1239.08
= = 0.75
R pk 1660

Prin interpolare rezulta:

τ *p 0
∆τ r∞
ρ= = 13.50% (in functie de R pk ), astfel obtinandu-se:
τ *p 0

13.5
∆τ r∞ = ⋅ 1239.08 = 167.28N / mm 2
100

17
Se presupune ca transferul se face dupa 24 ore:

K rt 0 = 0.4

∆τ ri = K rt ⋅ ∆τ r∞ = 0.4 ⋅ 167.28 = 66.912 N / mm 2

Suma pierderilor de tensiune – considerate la valoarea lor maxima – corespunzatoare fazei

initiale va fi:

∑ ∆ τ = ∆τ λ + ∆τ s + ∆τ t + ∆τ ri = 45.71 + 45.21 + 20 + 66.912 = 177.832 N / mm 2

5.5.Eforturi unitare minime ( τ min

po ) si maxime ( τ po )in armatura preintinsa:
max

τ pmin
0 = τ pk − ∑ ∆τ = 1330 − 177.832 = 1152 .17 N / mm
2

τ pmax
0 = τ pk − 0.65 ⋅ ∑ ∆τ = 1330 − 0.65 ⋅ 177.832 = 1214.41 N / mm
2

5.6.Eforturi unitare in beton la transfer ( τ b ):

Se calculeaza sub actiunea:

- fortei maxime de precomprimare:

Ppmax
0 = Ap ⋅ τ max
p 0 = 354 ⋅ 1197 .11 = 423776 .94 = 423 .78 KN

- momentul incovoietor de calcul minim produs de greutatea proprie a grinzii M gsmin :

P0max P0 ⋅ e0 p M gs
max min
423.78 ⋅ 10 3 423.78 ⋅ 10 3 ⋅ 385 275.40 ⋅ 10 6
τ bi = − − + =− − + = 14.41N / mm 2
Ai Wii Wii 25.5 ⋅ 10 4
21.57 ⋅ 10 6
21.57 ⋅ 10 6

τ bi = 14.41N / mm 2 ≤ τ blim0 = 28 N / mm 2

P0max P0 ⋅ eop M gs
max min
423.78 ⋅ 10 3 423.78 ⋅ 10 3 ⋅ 385 275.40 ⋅ 10 6
τ bs = − + − =− + − = −3.42 N / mm 2
Ai Wis Wis 25.5 ⋅ 10 4
37.65 ⋅ 10 6
37.65 ⋅ 10 6

τ bs = −3.32 N / mm 2 ≤ 1.5 ⋅ Rtk 0 = 3.76 N / mm 2

18
5.7.Pierderi de tensiune reologice ∆τ ϕ :

Pentru calculul pierderii de tensiune cauzata de deformatiile de durata ale betonului, se

considera sectiunea critica solicitata in urmatoarele etape:

a) La 24 ore, sub actiunea P0max = 423.78kN , M gsmin = 275.40kN ⋅ m , astfel:

P0max P0 ⋅ e0 p M gs ⋅ e0 p 423.78 ⋅ 10 3 423.78 ⋅ 10 3 ⋅ 385 2 275.40 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 385

max 2 min

τ bp1 = − − + =− − + = 2.83 N / mm 2
Ai I ii I ii 25.5 ⋅ 10 4 9.6 ⋅ 10 9 9.6 ⋅ 10 9
Din tabele se scot:

t1= 24 ore (< 28 zile ),cand Rb 0 = Rbmin

0 → K1= 1.3

τ bp1 5.00
= = 0.1 ≤ 0.5 → K2 = 1.0
Rb 50

U = 60% → K3 = 1.0

C40/50(BC50) → φo = 2.50
−
ϕ1 = K1 ⋅ K 2 ⋅ K 3 ⋅ ϕ 0 = 1.3 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 2.50 = 3.25

19
 b) La 90 zile, sub actiunea suplimentara a momentului incovoietor de calcul minim din
incarcarile permanente, diferite de greutatea a grinzii, M gmin = 168kN ⋅ m (greutatea
suprabetonarii, pardoselii si instalatiei fixe):

M gmin ⋅ e0 p 168 ⋅ 106 ⋅ 385

τ bp 2 = = = 6.74 N / mm 2
Ii 9.6 ⋅ 10 9

Din tabele se scot:

t2= 90 zile → K1= 0.6

τ bp 2 6.74
= = 0.13 < 0.5 → K2 = 1.0
Rb 50

U = 60% → K3 = 1.0

C40/50(BC50) → φo = 2.50
−
ϕ 2 = K1 ⋅ K 2 ⋅ K 3 ⋅ ϕ 0 = 0.6 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 2.50 = 1.50

Datorita faptului ca eforturile unitare in beton, in cele 2 etape de solicitare, sunt de semne
contrare si ca, pentru Aa > 0.25·AP se considera K ' = 0.9 , rezulta:
∆τ ϕ = n p ⋅ ∑ ϕ i ⋅ τ bpi ⋅ K ' = 4.74 ⋅ (3.25 ⋅ 5.00 + 1.50 ⋅ 6.74 ) ⋅ 1.0 = 124.95 N / mm 2

Ep 180000
np = = = 4.74
Eb 38000

Pierderea de tensiune produsa de relaxarea finala a armaturii ( ∆τ r ) se determina astfel:

(τ *p 0 − ∆τ t − n p ⋅ τ bp1 ) − 0.5 ⋅ R pk (1239.08 − 20 − 4.74 ⋅ 5.00) − 0.5 ⋅ 1660

ηr = = = 0.89
τ *
p0 − 0.5 ⋅ R pk 1239.08 − 0.5 ⋅ 1660
 ∆τ 
∆τ r = ∆τ ri + η r ⋅ (∆τ r∞ − ∆τ ri ) ⋅ 1 − minϕ  = 65.39 + 0.89 ⋅ (163.48 − 65.39) ⋅ 1 − 124.95  = 143.00N / mm2
 τ   1125.55 
 p0 
5.8.Eforturi unitare minime ( τ min
p 0 ) si maxime ( τ p 0 ) in armatura preintinsa in faza finala:
max

τ pmin min
[ ]
0 = τ p 0 − ( ∆τ r − ∆τ r i ) + ∆τ ϕ = 1125.55 − [(153.00 − 65.39) + 124.95] = 912.99 N / mm
2

20
τ pmax max
[ ]
0 = τ p 0 − 0.65 ⋅ ( ∆τ r − ∆τ r i ) + ∆τ ϕ = 1210.94 − 0.65 ⋅ [(153.00 − 65.39) + 124.95] = 1072.78 N / mm
2

5.9.Eforturi unitare in beton faza finala:

Se calculeaza sub actiunea:

-fortei minime de precomprimare

P0min = Ap ⋅ τ min
po = 354 ⋅ 912 .99 = 323.20 kN

-momentul incovoietor produs de incarcarile de exploatare de lunga durata M eld

∑ P + ∑C + ∑n
i i i ⋅ Vi - gruparea speciala de actiuni

Valori de calcul:

g gsc = q n ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.35 + Ags ⋅ γ b ⋅ 1.35 = 0.121 ⋅ 3.00 ⋅ 1.35 + 0.255 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 1.35 = 9.09 kN / m

q gsc ⋅ B 2 9.09 ⋅ 16 2
M eld = = = 291.08 kN ⋅ m
8 8

Valori normate:

g gsn = q n ⋅ 3.00 + Ags ⋅ γ b ⋅ = 0.121 ⋅ 3.00 + 0.255 ⋅ 25 = 6.74 kN / m

q gsn ⋅ B 2 6.74 ⋅ 16 2
M eld = = = 215.68 kN ⋅ m
8 8

P0min P0 ⋅ e0 p M eld 323.20 ⋅ 103 323.20 ⋅ 103 ⋅ 385 215.68 ⋅ 10 6

min

τ bi = − − + =− − + = 1.16 N / mm 2
Ai Wii Wii 25.5 ⋅ 10 4
37.65 ⋅ 10 6
37.65 ⋅ 10 6

τ bi ≥ 1N / mm 2

P0min P0 ⋅ e0 p M eld 323.20 ⋅ 10 3 323.20 ⋅ 103 ⋅ 385 215.68 ⋅ 10 6

min

τ bs =− + − =− + − = -11.25N / mm 2
Ai Wis Wis 25.5 ⋅ 10 4 21.57 ⋅ 10 6 21.57 ⋅ 10 6
τ bs ≥ 1N / mm 2

21
5.10.Calculul in starea limita de rezistenta in sectiunile normale:

a) Transfer

In armatura pretensionata se considera ( STAS 10107/0-90 : rel.125-pg.54) un efort unitar:

τ 'pl = 1.1 ⋅ τ max

p 0 − 300 = 1.1 ⋅ 1197 .117 − 300 = 1035.851 N / mm
2

cu care se calculeaza forta precomprimata limita (STAS 10107/0-90 : rel.123):

N 1 = A p ⋅ τ 'pl = 768 .5 ⋅ 1035.851 = 796.05kN

N1 ⋅ e0 p − M gsmin 796.05 ⋅ 10 3 ⋅ 385 − 275.40 ⋅ 10 6

eo = = = 39.04mm
N1 796.05 ⋅ 10 3

1.2 ⋅ ri = 1.2 ⋅ 147.65 = 177.18mm

eo = 39.04mm ≤ 1.2 ⋅ ri = 177.18mm → compresiune cu mica excentricitate.

x = 445 − 385 = 60 mm

Abn = 300 ⋅ 230 + (60 + 60) ⋅ 300 − 354 = 10.46 ⋅ 10 4 mm

N 1 = 796.05kN ≤ Abn ⋅ mbc ⋅ Rc 0 = 10.46 ⋅ 10 4 ⋅ 1.2 ⋅ 26.5 = 3326.28kN

mbc = 1.2 ( obs. la pg.53)

b) Sub actiunea solicitarilor exterioare

M ≤ m ⋅ Rc ⋅ b p ⋅h p ⋅(h0 − 0.5 ⋅ h p ) + 0.85 ⋅ Aa` ⋅ Ra ⋅ (h0 − a`) =

= 0.85 ⋅ 26.5 ⋅ 10 3 ⋅ 400 ⋅ 200 ⋅ (630 − 0.5 ⋅ 200) + 0.85 ⋅ 768.5 ⋅ 300 ⋅ (630 − 30) = 9555.17 kN ⋅ m
M = 275 .40 kN ⋅ m < 9555 .17 kN ⋅ m

Sectiunea se trateaza ca una dreptunghiulara de latime bp.

Se calculeaza ( conform STAS 10107/0-90-rel.114 pg.50) marimile:

Apk Rp 768.50 1330

mp = 1− K ⋅ ⋅ = 1 − 0.3 ⋅ ⋅ = 0.97
b p ⋅ h0 Rc 700 ⋅ 630 26.5

K = 0.3 , pentru armatura preintinsa

22
 Pentru sectiuni dreptunghiulare si T se considera Apk = Ap

τ pl = m p ⋅ R p = 0.97 ⋅ 1330 = 1295.10 N / mm 2

τ pl ⋅ Ap 1295.10 ⋅ 768.5
x= = = 125.19mm < xlim = 0.4 ⋅ h = 280mm
b p ⋅ Rc 300 ⋅ 26.5

x –multimea zonei comprimate sub actiunea solicitarilor exterioare si este diferit de cel
calculat la transfer

Momentul incovoietor rezistent al sectiuni critice se calculeaza cu relatia:

M R = m ⋅b p ⋅ x ⋅ Rc ⋅ (h0 − 0.5 ⋅ x) + m ⋅ Aa` ⋅ Ra ⋅ (h0 − a ` ) =
= 0.85 ⋅ 300 ⋅ 58.63 ⋅ 26.5 ⋅ (630 − 0.5 ⋅ 125.19) + 0.85 ⋅ 768.5 ⋅ 300 ⋅ (630 − 30) = 342.38kN ⋅ m

si rezulta mai mare decat momentul solicitat M s = 275.40kN ⋅ m

5.11.Calculul la starea limita de rezistenta in sectiuni inclinate fisurate:

Elementele se dimensioneaza astfel incat sa se respecte conditia

Q ≤ 0.25 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ Rc – la armatura preintinsa (STAS formula 135)

4M 4 ⋅ 275.40
Q= = = 68.85kN
l 16

0.25 ⋅ b ⋅ h ⋅ Rc = 0.25 ⋅ 30 ⋅ 70 ⋅ 265 = 139.13kN > Q = 68.85kN

Forta taietoare minima care poate fi preluatade beton si de etrieri se determina cu relatia 132
din STAS 10107/0-90 :

Qeb = 8 ⋅ b ⋅ h02 ⋅ Rt ⋅ qe

Ae ⋅ n at ⋅ Ra 2 ⋅ 0.283 ⋅ 0.8 ⋅ 2100

In care q e = = = 47.54daN / cm
ae 20

Se folosesc etrieri φ 8 / 20(OB37) ; nat = 0.8

Qeb = 8 ⋅ b ⋅ h02 ⋅ Rt ⋅ qe = 8 ⋅ 30 ⋅ 630 2 ⋅ 16.5 ⋅ 47.54 = 273.35kN ≥ Q = 68.85kN

23
6. Dimensionarea unei grinzi principale de beton precomprimat:

6.1. Calculul numarului de toroane:

Aria armaturii pretensionate poate fi predimensionata pornind de la starea limita de

rezistenta a sectiunilor normale:

M 4101.03⋅ 10 6
Ap = = = 3417.69mm 2
m ⋅ m p ⋅ ζ ⋅ h0 ⋅ R p 0.85 ⋅ 0.936 ⋅ 0.9 ⋅ 1260 ⋅ 1330

m = 0.95(1 − 0.3 ⋅ ξ ) ≥ 0.85 ⇒ 0.95(1 − 0.3 ⋅ 0.9) ≥ 0.85 ⇒ 0.6935 ≤ 0.85 ⇒ m = 0.85

ξ = 0.9

Apk Rp
mp = 1 − k ⋅ ⇒ m p = 0.936
b ⋅ h0 Rc

h0 = 0.9 ⋅ h = 0.9 ⋅ 1400 = 1260 ⇒ h0 = 1260

1TBP12→ A p1 = 0.885cm 2

0.885 ⋅ 13300
Aobisnuita = = 3.92 (armatura PC52 corespunzatoare unui toron TBP12, considerata
3000
4Ф25 cu Aa=19.60 cm2)

19.60
= 5.00cm2 (transformarea armaturii obisnuite in armatura pretensionata)
3.92

Aria necesara a armaturii pretensionate(se scade aria echivalenta a armaturii obisnuite):

A p = 3417 .69 − 500 = 2917.69 mm 2

Numarul de toroane rezulta:

2917.69
nTBP12 = = 32 bucati TBP12
88.5

32 TBP12→ A p = 32 ⋅ 88.5 = 2832 mm 2

24
7. Dimensionarea unui stalp curent:

M max, x = 176.59 kN ⋅ m M max, y = 0 N = 1905.574kN

(
M * = η ⋅ M max + ea ⋅ N )
h / 30
ea =  = 21.67mm
20mm

1
η=
N
1−
N cr

π 2 ⋅ ( EI ) conv
N cr =
l 2f

(1 + p)
( EI ) conv = 0.15 ⋅ ⋅ Eb ⋅ I b
M
1 + ed
M

M ed
= 0.6
M

b ⋅ h 3 0.65 × 0.65 3
Ib = = = 1.48 × 10 6 cm 4
12 12

Eb = 380000 daN / cm 2

(1 + 2 )
( EI ) conv = 0.15 ⋅ 380000 ⋅ 1.48 ⋅ 10 6 = 1.27 × 1011 daNcm 2
1 + 0.6

π 2 ⋅ ( EI ) conv 3.1416 2 ⋅ 1.27 ⋅ 1011

N cr = = = 4896.25kN
l 2f 256000

l 2f = β ⋅ l = (2 ⋅ 8m ) = 256m 2 = 256000mm 2
2

1
η= = 1.64
1905.574
1−
4896.25

M * = η ( M max + ea ⋅ N ) = 1.64(176.59 + 0.022 ⋅ 1905.574) = 358.361kNm

25
Armare simetrica

Verificarea sectiunii:

N 1905.574 ⋅ 10 3
x= = = 110.63mm
b ⋅ RC 650 ⋅ 26.5

x ≤ 2a '

pt .12φ 25 ⇒ Aef = 58.92cm 2

M cap = N ⋅ (0.5 ⋅ h − a ' ) + Aa ⋅ Ra ⋅ h0 = 1905.574 ⋅ (0.5 ⋅ 65 − 4 ) + 58.92 ⋅ 3000 ⋅ (65 − 8) = 1012 .97 kNm

Sectiunea satisface conditia de rezistenta daca:

M * ≤ M cap ⇒ 358.361kNm ≤ 1012.97 kNm

Pentru dimensionare:

Aa = Aa' =
(
M * − N 0.5h − a ')=
358.361 − 1905.574(0.5 ⋅ 0.65 − 0.04)
= 14.41cm 2
Ra ⋅ ha 30000 ⋅ 0.08

Aleg 6Ø20 cu Aeff=18.84cm2

M capx , y = N ⋅ (0.5 ⋅ h − a ' ) + Aa ⋅ Ra ⋅ h0 = 991.81 ⋅ (0.5 ⋅ 65 − 4 ) + 18.84 ⋅ 3000 ⋅ (65 − 8) = 325.20 kNm

Compresiune excentrica oblica:

β β
 M x*   M* 
 x  +  yy  ≤ 1
M  M 
 cap   cap 
2
 358.361 
  = 0.12 < 1
 1012.97 

- armatura aleasa verifica relatia.

26