Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Project carried out during the Green Week in the period 27.02 – 03.03. 2023
București 2023
2
Referenți științifici:
Profesor dr. Ioan Mărculeț
Conferențiar univ. dr Nicoale Cruceru
ISBN: 978-973-0-38436-9
3
Liceul teoretic Alexandru Vlahuță - București
Profesori colaboratori:
• Cezar Mändle – profesor lb. Germană
• Cătălina Ioniță – profesor lb. Germană
• Radu Rotea – profesor TIC
Elevi participanți: 38
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Clasa Nume, Prenume 10 B Vasilescu Alexandru
6D Mureșan Maria- Theodora 10 B Istrate Eva
6d Ioniță Horia 10 B Ema Cioroba
6D Pelin Deea 10 C Mocanu Adriana Coralia
6D Malischitz Erwin 10 A Medrea Bianca
6D Iordache Alesia 10 A Crețu Alexandra
6D Sur Eva 10 A Luca Jacqueline
6D Bratosin Emma 9A Soproni Iris
6D Turcu Theodora 9A Ion Alexandra
6D Clara Chilian
6D Cîmpeanu Andrei
9C Predan Bianca
9C Radu Alexia
9C Sandu Maria
9C Antipa Mihaela
9C Angelescu Lidia Ștefania
9C Isuf Alexandru Ioan
9C Stîngulescu Alexandra
9C Ion Elena Vanesa
9C Luca Ștefan Rotariu
9C Țepuru Dragoș Sebastian
9C Brăguță Selina Nicoleta
9C Pașcalău Ema
9C Pantea Daria
9C Curcă Elena
10 A Craiu Anna Maria
10 A Popa Eliza Maria
10 B Maranda Octavia Maria
10 B Malama Anastasia
10 B Lascu Alen
10 B Flangea Andrei
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Obiectivele cercetării:
Argumentul cercetării:
Pentru înțelegerea și utilizarea noțiulor elementare referitoare la
poluarea și protecția mediului și la schimbările climatice provocate de
acestea, prin conștientiza faptului că schimbările climatice sunt o
problemă a omenirii, provocată de om, am ales ca arie de studiu
Municipiul București, deoarece este străbătut de numeroase mijloace
de transport de suprafață și subterane, ce folosec ca forță motrică
energia electrică. Prin metode de cercetare coplexe dorim să redăm
situația actuală a acestor mijloace de transport.
Aria de studiu:
Orașul București este situat în Câmpia Română în subunitate
Câmpia Vlăsiei în partea sudică a acesteia numită Câmpia Bucureștilor.
Această Câmpie este străbătută de văile Pasărea, Colentina,
Dâmbovița și Ciocovaliștea.
Metode de cercetare:
Pentru a realiza atât studiu cât și cercetarea am folosit metode de
cercetare de teren și de cabinet:
Metode de teren:
▪ Interviul, ca metodă de cercetare de teren, indică perceperea
subiectului analizat de către cei intervievați.
S-au folosit doua tipuri de interviuri:
- primul tip de interviu destinat persoanelor din cadrul școlii. Unde
s-au pus următoarele întrebări:
1. „Cu care din următoarele mijloace de transport ecologic vii la
școală?”
2. „La liceul Alexandru Vlahuță sunt:”
Metode de cabinet:
Rezultate:
Prin aplicarea metodelor de cercetare amintite am obținut
următoarele rezultate, care sunt prezentate încontinuare tematic.
Diversitatea și interdisciplinaritatea metodelor face ca acest studiu să
prezinte analiza subiectului dintr-o perspectivă științifică.
1. Caracteristicile rețelei de transport electric
Foto 14. Tramvai Imperio – Foto 15. Tramvai V3A – 93 în Foto 16. Tramvai Bucure
Metropolitan pe Șoseaua stația Pasaj Basarab LF pe Șoseaua Ștefan cel
Giurgiului. Mare
Foto 17. Troleibus Ikarus pe Foto 18. Troleibus Iveco - Foto 19. Autobuz Mercedes
calea Griviței Astrabus Citaro hibrid la Gara
Basarab
Foto 20. Tren Metrou Foto 21. Tren metrou IVA în Foto 22. Tren metrou C.A.F. în
BOMBARDIER, în stația stația Basarb stația Piața Unirii 2
Basarab
Foto 23. Tren de călători tractat Foto 24. Locomotivă Foto 25. Tren electric
de o locomotivă LE 41 a CFR electrică LE 41 în Gara de automotor Hyperion
Călători, În Gara de Nord. Nord, tractând un tren
2. Tipurile de energie electrică utilizată la transport în
București
Energia verde
CFR+METRO
REX
38% STB STB
62% CFR+METROREX
Etape de lucru
Concluzii:
Prin folosirea metodelor amintite am obținut rezultate pertinente
despre transportul ecologic din București. Cât și informații referitor la
frecvența utilizării lui aria pe care o ocupă extinderea aceștuia în oraș.
Bibliografie:
- Dumitrescu M. & all. 2009 București Harta didactică, ed. Noble
House, Brăila
- Mercan S. Oprișan Al. 1980 Îndrumătorl lucrătorului din
transportul urban și interurban de persoane. Ed. Tehnică,
București
- Mărculeț I, Dumitrescu M. 2022 Geografia Bucureștilui
- Szepesi Manuela & all 2011, Geografia orasului București. ed
CD Press, București
- **** Ghidul transportului 1982, ed. ITB
- **** Național report 2020 Romanian energy regulation
authority
- www.stbsa.ro
- www.cfr.ro
- https://www.electrificarecfr.ro/furnizare-energie-electrica/
- www.clubferoviar.ro
- https://www.xwords-generator.de/en
Moduri de diseminare:
În urma activității și realizării proiectului a fost realizată o
expoziție tematică de fotografii și materiale cartografice. Aceasta
este situată în cadrul Liceului Al. Vlahuță. Pe lângă acesta a fost
diseminat rezultat proiectului și pe paginile online ale Liceului.
Collaborating teachers:
• Cezar Mändle – German teacher
• Cătălina Ioniță – German teacher
• Radu Rotea – ICT teacher
Participating students: 38
Class Name\First Name 10 B Vasilescu Alexandru
6D Mureșan Maria- Theodora 10 B Istrate Eva
6d Ionita Horia 10 B Ema Cioroba
6D Pelin Deea 10 C Mocanu Adriana Coralia
6D Malischitz Erwin 10 A Medrea Bianca
6D Iordache Alesia 10 A Crețu Alexandra
6D Sur Eva 10 A Luca Jacqueline
6D Bratosin Emma 9A Soproni Iris
6D Turcu Theodora 9A Ion Alexandra
6D Clara Chilian
6D Cîmpeanu Andrei
9C Predan Bianca
9C Radu Alexia
9C Sandu Maria
9C Antipa Mihaela
9C Angelescu Lidia Ștefania
9C Isuf Alexandru Ioan
9C Stingulescu Alexandra
9C Ion Elena Vanesa
9C Luca Ștefan Rotariu
9C Țepuru Dragoș Sebastian
9C Braguta Selina Nicoleta
9C Pascalau Ema
9C Pantea Daria
9C Curcă Elena
10 A Craiu Anna Maria
10 A Popa Eliza Maria
10 B Maranda Octavia Maria
10 B Malama Anastasia
10 B Lascu Alen
10 B Flangea Andrei
Research objectives:
To understand the impact of means of transport on the quality of the
environment (air pollution) in the city of Bucharest. Students to identify
the share of means of public transport of people, with electric or
thermal engine.
To analyze the effects of using fuel-based means of transport - petrol,
diesel, gas. Students will interpret and analyze bibliographical and
webgraphic sources.
To identify the areas, in the city of Bucharest, mainly served by
ecological means of transport. Students will make digitizing
measurements on the working maps.
To use scientific research methods to determine cause-effect
relationships.
To learn the use of the opinion poll, by drawing up the questionnaire,
applying it and interpreting the results
To objectively analyze the situations in the field. Students will visually
appreciate the passenger traffic at the analyzed metro stations
To learn to use and apply cartographic-statistical methods. Students
will graph the information collected in the field and in the office.
Specific competences
Research argument:
In order to understand and use the elementary notions related to
pollution and environmental protection and to the climate changes
caused by them, by being aware of the fact that climate changes are a
problem of mankind, caused by man, I chose the City of Bucharest as a
study area, because it is crossed by numerous surface and underground
means of transport, which use electricity as a motive force. Through
complex research methods we want to reproduce the current situation
of these means of transport.
Study area:
The city of Bucharest is located in the Română Plain in the Vlăsia Plain
subunit in its southern part called the Bucharest Plain. This Plain is
crossed by the Pasărea, Colentina, Dâmbovița and Ciocovalistea valleys.
The administrative area of Bucharest has an area of 240 km2. Each
sector has the following area: sector 1 - 67.5 km2, sector 2 and 3 - 32
km2, sector 4 - 34 km2, sector 5 - 30 km2, sector 6 - 38 km2.
The relief of the plain and the specific geological substratum favored
the development of public transport over the entire surface of the city
Figure 1. Bucharest relief map, Dumitrescu M. 2022
Research methods:
To carry out both the study and the research, we used field
and office research methods:
Field methods:
The interview, as a field research method, indicates the
perception of the subject analyzed by those interviewed.
the second interview was intended for people met at the North
Station. The questions were addressed to them:
1. "In my trips to Bucharest I use electric transport."
2. "Through Bucharest I go more with"
3. "Age of interviewees"
4. “Completed studies”
Cabinet methods:
Mapping: - Using the Google Maps map and the Tabla Smart Flip
applications, we created the "Map of electric transport in Bucharest"
where we also showed the service areas.
Editing. With the help of Word, Coreldraw and Excel programs, I wrote
the research text.
photo 12 interpretation of data photo 13 Analysis of the graphs resulting
collected through interviews from the interviews
Results:
By applying the aforementioned research methods, we obtained the
following results, which are presented below thematically. The diversity
and interdisciplinarity of the methods makes this study present the
analysis of the subject from a scientific perspective.
photo 14. Tram Imperio – photo 15. Tram V3A – photo 16. Tram Bucure LF
Metropolitan on Giurgiu 93 in Pasaj Basarab on Ștefan cel Mare Road
Road station
photo 17. Ikarus trolleybus photo 18. Trolleybus photo 19. Mercedes
on Griviţa road Iveco - Astrabus Citaro hybrid bus at
Basarab Station
photo 20. BOMBARDIER photo 21. IVA subway photo 22. Metro train
Metro train, in Basarab train in Basarab station C.A.F. in Piața Unirii 2
station station
photo 23. Passenger train photo 24. Electric photo 25. Hyperion EMU
pulled by a LE 41a CFR Călători locomotive LE 41 in Main train
locomotive, in the North Station, hauling a train
Station.
The reason for choosing this place in Bucharest was the fact that all the
electric means of transport serving Bucharest meet here.
For this we investigated the 2 railway stations, the 3 metro stations and all 9
STB stations (see fig.12).
Table nr 2. Serving the Gara de Nord railway complex with urban public
transport
Table number 2 shows that most lines are trolleybuses and hybrid
buses, and the fewest are trams. Also, the maximum number of subway
lines are 4 at Basarab Station
Table nr 3 Metro traffic analysis on 27.02.2023 between 12.00 and
13.00
Station Bus Line Occupation Degree
Very little A little Medium Very
crowded crowded crowded crowded
Northern Railway 1 1; ×
Station 2 ×
Bessarabian 1; 4 1; ×
railway station 2; ×
3; ×
4 ×
Railway station 2 4 1; ×
2 ×
From Table number 3, it can be seen that the number of passengers
who were in the metro stations at the time of the investigation on the
2 highways, in Basarab Station, line 3 was the most crowded line in the
entire investigation.
From 4th tabel we understand that the largest share of trains departing
from the railway complex, the northern station, is with thermal engine
traction. It is noted that the number of trains departing and arriving
both in the northern station and in the Basarab station is approx. 30%.
5. Electric transport map
Work stages
To create the ecological/electrical transport map in Bucharest, we used
several stages in which we applied mapping techniques.
• We took additional information about trolleybuses from the official
page of S.T.B. Hybrid buses could not be taken into account because we
did not have any information about them, conclusive about them (not
all lines served by these buses use only hybrid buses, and during the
journey with them you can only hear the thermal engine, not the
electric one).
The steps taken to create the map of electric means of transport were:
➢ using Google Maps as a basis to draw the routes of the electric means
of transport.
➢ Drawing over the line indicating the route of the means of transport, a
wider line, one kilometre wide, according to the sacred map. This was
along all tram, trolleybus, metro routes. This wider line indicates the
area of attraction of the pilgrims towards of transport. It is known from
practice that a traveller is willing to walk about 500 m to the nearest
transport line.
• In this way we were able to represent which parts of the city have
direct access to ecological transport and which parts are not covered
by it, figures 13 and 14.
• Following this mapping, we identified the areas covered and the areas
not covered by electric transport. The attraction area of electric
transport is 98 km² representing 41% of the area of the city of
Bucharest. Electric transport districts: Tei, Colentina, Obor, Vatra
Luminoasa, Pantelimon, Baba Novac, Dristor, Giurgiului, Ferentari,
Progresului, Carol, 13 Septembrie, Gara de Nord, Victoriei, Dorobanți,
Ștefan cel Mare, Floreasca, Aviatorilor, Herăstrău, Băneasa, Damaroaia,
București-Noi, Chitila, Grivița, Giulești, Crângași, Militari, Drumul
Taberei, Aparătorii Patriei, Berceni, Văcărești, Rahova, Ghencea. Figure
13 shows that the largest area of electric transport coverage is in the
north-east and east of the city, followed in equal proportions by the
south and west, Băneasa. According to the figure 13.
Figure 13. Electric transport map
Conclusions:
Ways of dissemination:
Following the activity and realization of the project, a thematic
exhibition of photographs and cartographic materials was made. It is
located in Liceu Al. Vlahuta. In addition, the result of the project was
also published on the online pages of the High School.
The high school students present expressed their point of view on the
research topic through drawings and puzzles.
Liceul teoretic Alexandru Vlahuță - București
Ökologische Verkehrskarte in
Bukarest
Professor Projektkoordinator
Dr. Mihai Dumitrescu – Geografie Lehrer
Kooperierende Lehrkräfte:
• Cezar Mändle – Deutsch Lehrer
• Cătălina Ioniță – Deutsch Lehrer
• Radu Rotea – IKT Lehrer
Teilnehmende Schüler: 38
Klassen Name, Nachname 10 B Vasilescu Alexandru
6D Mureșan Maria- Theodora 10 B Istrate Eva
6d Ionita Horia 10 B Ema Cioroba
6D Pelin Deea 10 C Mocanu Adriana Coralia
6D Malischitz Erwin 10 A Medrea Bianca
6D Iordache Alesia 10 A Crețu Alexandra
6D Sur Eva 10 A Luca Jacqueline
6D Bratosin Emma 9A Soproni Iris
6D Turcu Theodora 9A Ion Alexandra
6D Clara Chilian
6D Cîmpeanu Andrei
9C Predan Bianca
9C Radu Alexia
9C Sandu Maria
9C Antipa Mihaela
9C Angelescu Lidia Ștefania
9C Isuf Alexandru Ioan
9C Stingulescu Alexandra
9C Ion Elena Vanesa
9C Luca Ștefan Rotariu
9C Țepuru Dragoș Sebastian
9C Braguta Selina Nicoleta
9C Pascalau Ema
9C Pantea Daria
9C Curcă Elena
10 A Craiu Anna Maria
10 A Popa Eliza Maria
10 B Maranda Octavia Maria
10 B Malama Anastasia
10 B Lascu Alen
10 B Flangea Andrei
Forschungsschwerpunkte:
1. Verständnis der Auswirkungen von Verkehrsmitteln auf die
Qualität der Umwelt (Luftverschmutzung) in der Stadt
Bukarest. Schüler ermitteln den Anteil öffentlicher
Personenverkehrsmittel mit Elektro- oder
Verbrennungsmotor.
2. Analyse der Auswirkungen der Nutzung kraftstoffbasierter
Transportmittel - Benzin, Diesel, Gas. Die Studierenden
interpretieren und analysieren bibliografische und
webgrafische Quellen.
3. Bestimmung der Gebiete in der Stadt Bukarest, die
hauptsächlich mit ökologischen Verkehrsmitteln bedient
werden. Die Studierenden führen Digitalisierungsmessungen
auf den Arbeitskarten durch
4. Anwendung wissenschaftlicher Forschungsmethoden zur
Ermittlung von Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen
5. Den Gebrauch der Meinungsumfrage erlernen, indem der
Fragebogen erstellt, angewendet und die Ergebnisse
interpretiert werden
6. Um die Situationen im Feld objektiv zu analysieren. Die
Schüler werden den Personenverkehr an den analysierten U-
Bahn-Stationen visuell einschätzen
7. Erlernen der Anwendung statistischer kartografischer
Methoden. Die Studierenden werden die auf dem Feld und im
Büro gesammelten Informationen grafisch darstellen.
Besondere Fähigkeiten
1. Korrekte Verwendung der spezifischen Terminologie zur
Erklärung der geographischen Umwelt unter Verwendung
verschiedener Sprachen (Rumänisch, Deutsch, Englisch).
2. bedeutende Elemente der Gesellschaft, der Wissenschaft und der
Technologie mit der Umwelt als Ganzes und ihren Teilsystemen in
Beziehung setzen.
3. Integration von Aspekten der Natur und der Gesellschaft in
eine objektive Struktur (Umwelt) und eine synthetische Disziplin
(Geographie).
4. die Elemente und Phänomene der Realität (Natur und Gesellschaft)
mit ihrer Darstellung auf Karten, Diagrammen, Satellitenbildern oder
Modellen in Beziehung setzen.
5. Aneignung von Fähigkeiten, Fertigkeiten, Methoden und
allgemeinen Lerntechniken (einschließlich IKT), um eine permanente
Ausbildung zu ermöglichen.
6. Erwerb sozialer, zwischenmenschlicher, interkultureller,
staatsbürgerlicher und unternehmerischer Kompetenzen auf der
Grundlage des Studiums der Geographie.
Zusammenfassung:
Die Oberfläche der Stadt Bukarest war schon immer förderlich für
die Nutzung neuer Transportmittel, von denen viele ökologisch sind.
Durch die Implementierung der Kabinett- und Feldmethoden haben
wir die Karte des Elektroverkehrs in Bukarest erstellt und die Bereiche
identifiziert, die davon abgedeckt sind und welche nicht.
Forschungsargument:
Um die elementaren Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit
Umweltverschmutzung und Umweltschutz und den dadurch
verursachten Klimaveränderungen zu verstehen und zu nutzen, haben
wir im Bewusstsein, dass Klimaveränderungen ein vom Menschen
verursachtes Problem der Menschheit sind, die Stadt Bukarest als
gewählt Untersuchungsgebiet, weil es von zahlreichen ober- und
unterirdischen Verkehrsmitteln durchquert wird, die Strom als
Antriebskraft nutzen. Durch aufwändige Forschungsmethoden
wollen wir die aktuelle Situation dieser Verkehrsmittel abbilden.
Studienbereich:
Die Stadt Bukarest liegt in der rumänischen Ebene in der Untereinheit
der Vlăsia-Ebene in ihrem südlichen Teil, der Bukarest-Ebene genannt
wird. Diese Ebene wird von den Tälern Pasărea, Colentina, Dâmbovița
und Ciocovalistea durchzogen.
Das Verwaltungsgebiet von Bukarest hat eine Fläche von 240 km 2.
Jeder Sektor hat den folgenden Bereich: Sektor 1 - 67,5 km2, Sektoren
2 und 3 - 32 km2, Sektor 4 - 34 km2, Sektor 5 - 30 km2, Sektor 6 - 38
km2. Das Relief der Ebene und der spezifische geologische Untergrund
Abbildung 1. Reliefkarte von Bukarest, Dumitrescu M. 2022
Forschungsmethoden:
Um sowohl die Studie als auch die Forschung durchzuführen, haben
wir Feld- und Büroforschungsmethoden verwendet:
Feldmethoden:
Das Interview als Feldforschungsmethode zeigt die Wahrnehmung
des analysierten Themas durch die Interviewten.
Es wurden zwei Arten von Interviews verwendet:
- die erste Art von Interview, die für Personen innerhalb der Schule
bestimmt ist. Wo die folgenden Fragen gestellt wurden:
1. “ Mit welchem der ökologischen Verkehrsmittel kommst Sie
zur Schule?”
2. “Bei der Alexandru Vlahuță Lyzeum bin...:”
Das zweite Interview war für Leute gedacht, die am Nordbahnhof
angetroffen wurden. Die Fragen wurden an sie gerichtet:
1. “ Auf meinen Reisen in Bukarest benutze ich elektrische
Verkehrsmittel.”
2. “ Durch Bukarest fahre ich eher mit ”
3. “ Alter der Befragten ”
4. “ Abgeschlossenes Studium ”
Kabinett Methoden:
Kartierung: - Mit der Google Maps-Karte und den Tafel Smart Flip-
Anwendungen haben wir die „Karte des Elektrotransports von
Bukarest“ erstellt, auf der wir auch die Servicebereiche angezeigt
haben.
Foto 6 Erklärung der Foto 7
Kartierungstechniken kartografieren auf dem Samsung
Flip Board
Foto 12 Interpretation der durch Foto 13 Analyse der aus den Interviews
Interviews erhobenen Daten resultierenden Graphen
Ergebnisse:
Foto 17. Ikarus- Foto 18. Oberleitungsbus Iveco Foto 19. Mercedes Citaro
Oberleitungsbus auf der - Astrabus Hybridbus am Bahnhof
Griviţa-Weg Basarab
Aus Tabelle Nr. 4 geht hervor, dass der größte Anteil der Züge, die vom
Eisenbahnkomplex, dem Nordbahnhof, abfahren, mit
Wärmekraftmaschinenantrieb ist. Es ist anzumerken, dass die Anzahl
der Züge, die sowohl im Nordbahnhof als auch im Bahnhof Basarab
abfahren und ankommen, etwa 30 % beträgt.
5. Elektrotransportkarteelectric
Arbeitsphasen
Um die ökologische/elektrische Verkehrskarte in Bukarest zu
erstellen, haben wir mehrere Phasen verwendet, in denen wir
Kartierungstechniken angewendet haben.
Schlussfolgerungen:
Durch die Anwendung der oben genannten Methoden haben wir
relevante Ergebnisse über den grünen Verkehr in Bukarest erhalten.
Außerdem haben wir Informationen über die Häufigkeit der Nutzung
und die Ausdehnung des grünen Verkehrs in der Stadt erhalten.
Literaturverzeichnis:
- Dumitrescu M. & all. 2009 București Harta didactică, ed. Noble House,
Brăila
- Mercan S. Oprișan Al. 1980 Îndrumătorl lucrătorului din transportul
urban și interurban de persoane. Ed. Tehnică, București
- Mărculeț I, Dumitrescu M. 2022 Geografia Bucureștilui
- Szepesi Manuela & all 2011, Geografia orasului București. ed CD Press,
București
- **** Ghidul transportului 1982, ed. ITB
- **** Național report 2020 Romanian energy regulation authority
- www.stbsa.ro
- www.cfr.ro
- https://www.electrificarecfr.ro/furnizare-energie-electrica/
- www.clubferoviar.ro
- https://www.xwords-generator.de/en
Verbreitungsarten:
Im Anschluss an die Aktivität und Umsetzung des Projekts wurde eine
thematische Ausstellung mit Fotografien und kartografischem
Material erstellt. Es befindet sich innerhalb der Al. Vlahuta. Lyzeum
Darüber hinaus wurde das Ergebnis des Projekts auch auf den Online-
Seiten des Lyzeums verbreitet.
Foto 26. Die Austellung Foto 27. Die Foto 28. Veröfenlichung
Austellung auf Facebook
Anhang: