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Probleme rezolvate.
Chimie. Clasa a-IX-a
1. Care este concentraţia procentuală a unei soluţii de H2SO4 de
Cm=7,12 moli/l şi densitatea ρ=1,395g/cm3?
R: similar problemei 28.
md
C m=
Vs⋅M
⇒ m d =C m ⋅ V s ⋅ M ; înlocuim md în formula concentraţiei
procentuale.
md C ⋅V ⋅ M ⋅100 m C m ⋅ M ⋅ 100
C %=
ms
⋅100= m s
ms
; dar ρ= V s ⇒ C %=
s ρ
7,12 ⋅98 ⋅ 100
⇒ C %= =50 %
1395
C %⋅m s
md ⇒C m= = C %⋅ ρ
C m= 100⋅V s⋅M
Vs⋅M 100⋅ M ; M KOH=56g/mol
ms
ρ=
Vs
; ρ = 1,08g/cm3 = 1080g/l
10 ⋅1080
⇒ C m= =1,92 moli/l
100 ⋅56
md ms
C %=
ms
⋅100 ; ρ 1=
Vs
1
⇒ m s =ρ1 ⋅V s
1 1
1 1
md m ⋅100 98 ⋅100
C %= ⋅100 ⇒ V s = d = =55,48 c m3 ≈ 55,5 ml
ρ1 ⋅V s 1
1
C % ⋅ ρ1 96 ⋅1,84
md md 73
R: C m=
Vs⋅M
⇒ V s= =
C m ⋅ M 2,86 ⋅ 36,5
=0,699 l ≈ 0,7 lsolHCl
M HCl=36,5g/mol
ms 3
ρ= ⇒ ms= ρ⋅V s=1,047 ⋅700 c m =732,9 g . solHCl
Vs
R: m s =m d +m H O =50+450=500g
2 sol.
ms m 500
ρ= ⇒ V s= s= =450,8 c m3 sol. ≈ 0,45 L sol. ;
Vs ρ 1,109
M NaOH = 40g/mol;
md 50
C m=
Vs⋅M
= 0,45⋅ 40
=2,77 moli/l
R: M H2SO4=98g/mol;
md md C % ⋅ ms
C m=
Vs⋅M
; C %=
ms
⋅100 ⇒ m d =
100
C %⋅m s
⇒C m= = C %⋅ ρ
100⋅V s⋅M 100⋅ M
96 ⋅1840
⇒ C m= =18,02 moli /l
100 ⋅98