Carte cu poezii

O varietate de poezii romanești

23 MAI 2023
Milea cristian
O CARTE CU POEZII: FACUTĂ PENTRU COPII SI PARINȚII LOR
Cristian Milea
Tehnologia Informației si a comunicărilor, Colegiul Național Pedagogic „Spiru
Haret”, Focșani
Bratu Ionela-Dorina
1 Iunie, 2023
 Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Pollution......................................................................................................................................4
Definitions and types..................................................................................................................5
Pollutants..................................................................................................................................6
Natural causes............................................................................................................................7
Human generation.....................................................................................................................8
Greenhouse gas emissions........................................................................................................9
Effects........................................................................................................................................10
Human health.........................................................................................................................10
Environment...........................................................................................................................11
Regulation and monitoring.....................................................................................................13
Control......................................................................................................................................14
Practices.................................................................................................................................15
Devices...................................................................................................................................15
Cost............................................................................................................................................16
Dirtiest industries.....................................................................................................................17
Textile industry......................................................................................................................17
Fossil fuel related industries...................................................................................................18
Socially optimal level...............................................................................................................19
History.......................................................................................................................................20
Prior to 19th century...............................................................................................................20
19th century............................................................................................................................20
20th and 21st century.............................................................................................................21
Conclusion................................................................................................................................23
References.................................................................................................................................24
External links...........................................................................................................................30
Milea Cristian

Introduction
Am decis sa fac o carte de poezii deoarece când eram mic copil eram un mare entuziast a
poeziilor si fabulelor. Aș vrea ca si copii din zilele de azi să poată împărtăși în această bucurie,
împreuna cu părinții lor dragi.

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Furnicuța
O furnică duce-n spate
Un grăunte jumătate.
– Încotro fugi surioară?
– Ia, mă duc și eu la moară
Şi-s grăbită, şi-s grăbită,
Că m-i casa ne-ngrijită
Şi mi-s rufele la soare
Şi copiii-mi cer mâncare.
Că la noi în muşuroi
Nu e timp pentru zăbavă,
Că de n-am fi de ispravă
Ar fi vai ş-amar de noi.
-Elena Farago

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Cățelușul Șchiop
Eu am numai trei picioare,
Şi de-abia mă mişc: ţop, ţop,
Râd când mă-ntâlnesc copiii,
Şi mă cheamă „cuciu şchiop”.
Fraţii mei ceilalţi se joacă
Cu copiii toţi, dar eu
Nu pot alerga ca dânşii,
Că sunt şchiop şi cad mereu!
Şi stau singur toata ziua
Şi plâng mult când mă gândesc
Că tot şchiop voi fi de-acuma
Şi tot trist am să trăiesc.
Şi când mă gândesc ce bine
M-aş juca şi eu acum,
Şi-aş lătra şi eu din poartă
La copiii de pe drum!
Cât sunt de frumoşi copiii
Cei cuminţi, şi cât de mult
Mi-ar plăcea să stau cu dânşii,
Să mă joc şi să-i ascult!
Dar copiii răi la suflet
Sunt urâţi, precum e-acel
Care m-a şchiopat pe mine,
Şi nu-i pot iubi defel…
M-a lovit din răutate
Cu o piatră în picior,
Şi-am zăcut, şi-am plâns atâta,
De credeam că am să mor…
Acum vine şi-mi dă zahăr
Şi ar vrea să-mi fie bun,
Şi-aş putea să-l muşc odată
De picior, să mă răzbun,

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Dar îl las aşa, să vadă
Răul, că un biet căţel
Are inima mai bună
Decât a avut-o el.
-Elena Farago

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Cățelușul Azorel
Cățelușul Azorel
Face pozne, fel de fel.
E si foarte mâncăcios,
Ar roade oricând un os.

Avem si un motănel,
Nu e niciunul ca el.
Toată ziua bea lăptic
Si se spală pe botic.

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Cocosul, motanul si soricelul

Un şoricel ce lumea încă n-o ştia
Era să dea de o belea.
Dar iată ce poveste spuse mamei lui:
— De-abia trecusem munţii şi mă bucuram,
Ca un tânăr chiţoran
Plecat de-acasă şi umblând hai-hui,
Când două dobitoace-mi ieşiră înainte:
Blând era unul şi cuminte.
Iar altul zurbagiu şi fioros.
Cu glas urât şi arţăgos;
Un piepten roş pe cap avea
Şi-un soi de braţe-n aer înălţa
De parc-ar fi pornit-o-n zbor.
Iar coada-i flutura de zor.

Cocoş era, frumos şi pintenat,

Acela ce fusese-nfăţişat
De şoricel drept altă arătare.
—Făcea atâta zarvă — zise — şi-ncruntat
Bătea din aripi, ca un apucat,
Că eu, cu tot curajul ce-l am din născare,
Am fugit de spaimă cuprins.
—Ah, blestemat să fii! am zis.
Căci altfel aş fi izbutit
Să îl cunosc, cum îmi pusesem eu în gând.
Pe animalu-acela blând.
Cu blana mătăsoasă şi-atâta de smerit,
Şi-atâta de blajin, cu ochi mângâietori.
Eu cred că-i binevoitor
Cu neamul nostru, căci am văzut prea bine,
Avea urechi ca mine şi ca tine.
Şi voiam să-l salut, când acel guguman
Ţipă, iar eu fugii amarnic.

— Copile, zise mama, era un motan

Care, sub chipul lui făţarnic,
E cea mai cruntă fiară
Şi vai de cine-i cade-n gheară!
Cocoşul, dimpotrivă, fătul meu,
Nu-ţi poate face nici un rău
Şi n-ar fi de mirare să guşti din carnea sa;
Pe noi motanul însă ne vrea fripţi la frigare.
Ai grijă dar, nu judeca
Pe nimeni după-nfăţişare!

-Jean de la Fontaine

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Iepurașul de paște

Urechi lungi, codița mică,

Un năsuc, botic, mustăți,
Ţopăie ziua întreagă
Şi e tare şugubăţ.

Are o blăniţă moale,

Şi e tare frumuşel.
O dată pe an el vine,
Cu desaga după el.

Şi aduce-n a sa tolbă,
La copiii cuminţei,
Dulciuri, fructe, jocuri multe,
Şi tot ce îşi doresc ei.

Nici de ouă el nu uită

Şi, de cum soseşte-n tindă,
Lasă câte-un ouşor,
Să ciocnească toţi de zor.

Aţi ghicit cine o fi?

Iată, de un veţi ghici,
Răspunsul vi-l dau pe loc:
Este iepurașul Țop!

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Plouă
Da, plouă cum n-am mai văzut
Şi grele tălăngi adormite,
Cum sună sub şuri învechite!
Cum sună în sufletu-mi mut!

Oh, plânsul tălăngii când plouă!

Şi ce enervare pe gând!
Ce zi primitivă de tină!
O bolnavă faţă vecină
Răcneşte la ploaie, râzând

Oh, plânsul tălăngii când plouă!

Da, plouă şi sună umil

Ca tot ce-i iubire şi ură-
Cu-o muzică tristă, de gură,
Pe-aproape s-aude-un copil.

Oh, plânsul tălăngii când plouă!

Ce basme tălăngile spun!

Ce lume-aşa goală de vise!
Şi cum să nu plângi în abise,
Da, cum să nu mori şi nebun?

Oh, plânsul tălăngii când şi plouă!

-George Bacovia

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A făcut ce a promis
Murdărit pe bot cu mure,
Greierele dă de noi:
– Ştiţi voi, gâze de pădure,
Ce s-a petrecut pe câmp?
Vrând să-nghită
O omidă,
Un mierloi un pic cam tâmp,
A rămas cu gâtul strâmb.
Ea s-ar fi răstit la el:
– Dacă nu mă laşi în pace
Şi dacă te porţi urât,
Îţi promit să-ţi stau în gât!
N-a crezut-o.
Şi, pe câmp,
Zboară-colo şi încoace
Un mierloi cu gâtul strâmb.
O să-l vadă vreo surată,
Stând cu ciocul larg deschis,
Şi-o să-l scape, o s-o scoată
Pe omidă, care, ştiţi,
A făcut ce a promis.
-Constanța Buzea

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Cocon de vie
Se va trezi în prima zi cu soare
Primăvăratecul cocon de vie
Petrecerea-i va fi cu apă vie
Va fi beţia lui înfloritoare.
Într-un impuls rănit de poezie
Îi va sări pământul la picioare
Mireasma lui, de rugi şi sălcioare
În liniştea ce va părea pustie.
Dar viaţa ta de miere nemuritoare
Cu aurul plutind ca o stafie
Sub coastele a două mari ulcioare
Te va feri de gândul care ŞTIE?
Dacă se sparg, vei spune că te doare,
Dacă le cruţi n-ai nici o bucurie.
-Constanța Buzea

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Dirtiest industries
The Pure Earth, an international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-
threatening pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some of the world's most
polluting industries. Below is the list for 201

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Socially optimal level

See also: Right to a healthy environment
Society derives some indirect utility from pollution; otherwise, there would be no incentive to
pollute. This utility may come from the consumption of goods and services that inherently create
pollution (albeit the level can vary) or lower prices or lower required efforts (or inconvenience)
to abandon or substitute these goods and services. Therefore, it is important that policymakers
attempt to balance these indirect benefits with the costs of pollution in order to achieve an
efficient outcome.[83][additional citation(s) needed]

A visual comparison of the free market and socially optimal outcomes

It is possible to use environmental economics to determine which level of pollution is deemed
the social optimum. For economists, pollution is an "external cost and occurs only when one or
more individuals suffer a loss of welfare". There is a socially optimal level of pollution at
which welfare is maximized.[84] This is because consumers derive utility from the good or service
manufactured, which will outweigh the social cost of pollution until a certain point. At this point
the damage of one extra unit of pollution to society, the marginal cost of pollution, is exactly
equal to the marginal benefit of consuming one more unit of the good or service.[85]
Moreover, the feasibility of pollution reduction rates could also be a factor of calculating optimal
levels. While a study puts the global mean loss of life expectancy (LLE; similar to YPLL) from
air pollution in 2015 at 2.9 years (substantially more than, for example, 0.3 years from all forms
of direct violence), it also indicated that a significant fraction of the LLE is unavoidable in terms
of current economical-technological feasibility such as aeolian dust and wildfire emission
control.[86]
In markets with pollution, or other negative externalities in production, the free
market equilibrium will not account for the costs of pollution on society. If the social costs of
pollution are higher than the private costs incurred by the firm, then the true supply curve will be
higher. The point at which the social marginal cost and market demand intersect gives the
socially optimal level of pollution. At this point, the quantity will be lower and the price will be
higher in comparison to the free market equilibrium.[85] Therefore, the free market outcome could
be considered a market failure because it "does not maximize efficiency".[67]
This model can be used as a basis to evaluate different methods of internalizing the externality.
Some examples include tariffs, a carbon tax and cap and trade systems.

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History
Further information: History of environmental pollution and Legacy pollution
Prior to 19th century
Air pollution has always accompanied civilizations. Pollution started from prehistoric times,
when man created the first fires. According to a 1983 article in the journal Science, "soot" found
on ceilings of prehistoric caves provides ample evidence of the high levels of pollution that was
associated with inadequate ventilation of open fires."[87]
Metal forging appears to be a key turning point in the creation of significant air pollution levels
outside the home. Core samples of glaciers in Greenland indicate increases in pollution
associated with Greek, Roman, and Chinese metal production.[88]

Air pollution in the US, 1973

The burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the
cities the primary sources of pollution. King Edward I of England banned the burning of sea-
coal by proclamation in London in 1272, after its smoke became a problem;[89][90] the fuel was so
common in England that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted
away from some shores by the wheelbarrow.
19th century
It was the Industrial Revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today.
London also recorded one of the earlier extreme cases of water quality problems with the Great
Stink on the Thames of 1858, which led to construction of the London sewerage system soon
afterward. Pollution issues escalated as population growth far exceeded viability of
neighbourhoods to handle their waste problem. Reformers began to demand sewer systems and
clean water.[91]
In 1870, the sanitary conditions in Berlin were among the worst in Europe. August
Bebel recalled conditions before a modern sewer system was built in the late 1870s:
Wastewater from the houses collected in the gutters running alongside the curbs and emitted a
truly fearsome smell. There were no public toilets in the streets or squares. Visitors, especially
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women, often became desperate when nature called. In the public buildings the sanitary facilities
were unbelievably primitive....As a metropolis, Berlin did not emerge from a state of barbarism
into civilization until after 1870.[92]
20th and 21st century
The primitive conditions were intolerable for a world national capital, and the Imperial
German government brought in its scientists, engineers, and urban planners to not only solve the
deficiencies, but to forge Berlin as the world's model city. A British expert in 1906 concluded
that Berlin represented "the most complete application of science, order and method of public
life," adding "it is a marvel of civic administration, the most modern and most perfectly
organized city that there is."[93]
The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal gave rise to
unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the
growing load of untreated human waste. Chicago and Cincinnati were the first two American
cities to enact laws ensuring cleaner air in 1881. Pollution became a major issue in the United
States in the early twentieth century, as progressive reformers took issue with air pollution
caused by coal burning, water pollution caused by bad sanitation, and street pollution caused by
the three million horses who worked in American cities in 1900, generating large quantities of
urine and manure. As historian Martin Melosi notes, the generation that first saw automobiles
replacing the horses saw cars as "miracles of cleanliness".[94] By the 1940s, automobile-
caused smog was a major issue in Los Angeles.[95]
Other cities followed around the country until early in the 20th century, when the short lived
Office of Air Pollution was created under the Department of the Interior. Extreme smog events
were experienced by the cities of Los Angeles and Donora, Pennsylvania, in the late 1940s,
serving as another public reminder.[96]
Air pollution would continue to be a problem in England, especially later during the industrial
revolution, and extending into the recent past with the Great Smog of 1952. Awareness of
atmospheric pollution spread widely after World War II, with fears triggered by reports of
radioactive fallout from atomic warfare and testing.[97] Then a non-nuclear event – the Great
Smog of 1952 in London – killed at least 4000 people.[98] This prompted some of the first major
modern environmental legislation: the Clean Air Act of 1956.
Pollution began to draw major public attention in the United States between the mid-1950s and
early 1970s, when Congress passed the Noise Control Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water
Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act.[99]

Smog pollution in Taiwan

Severe incidents of pollution helped increase consciousness. PCB dumping in the Hudson
River resulted in a ban by the EPA on consumption of its fish in 1974. National news stories in
the late 1970s – especially the long-term dioxin contamination at Love Canal starting in 1947
and uncontrolled dumping in Valley of the Drums – led to the Superfund legislation of 1980.

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[100]
The pollution of industrial land gave rise to the name brownfield, a term now common in city
planning.
The development of nuclear science introduced radioactive contamination, which can remain
lethally radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years. Lake Karachay – named by the World
watch Institute as the "most polluted spot" on earth – served as a disposal site for the Soviet
Union throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Chelyabinsk, Russia, is considered the "Most polluted
place on the planet".[101]
Nuclear weapons continued to be tested in the Cold War, especially in the earlier stages of their
development. The toll on the worst-affected populations and the growth since then in
understanding about the critical threat to human health posed by radioactivity has also been a
prohibitive complication associated with nuclear power. Though extreme care is practiced in that
industry, the potential for disaster suggested by incidents such as those at Three Mile
Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima pose a lingering spectre of public mistrust. Worldwide
publicity has been intense on those disasters.[102] Widespread support for test ban treaties has
ended almost all nuclear testing in the atmosphere.[103]
International catastrophes such as the wreck of the Amoco Cadiz oil tanker off the coast
of Brittany in 1978 and the Bhopal disaster in 1984 have demonstrated the universality of such
events and the scale on which efforts to address them needed to engage. The borderless nature of
atmosphere and oceans inevitably resulted in the implication of pollution on a planetary level
with the issue of global warming. Most recently the term persistent organic pollutant (POP) has
come to describe a group of chemicals such as PBDEs and PFCs among others. Though their
effects remain somewhat less well understood owing to a lack of experimental data, they have
been detected in various ecological habitats far removed from industrial activity such as the
Arctic, demonstrating diffusion and bioaccumulation after only a relatively brief period of
widespread use.
A much more recently discovered problem is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a huge
concentration of plastics, chemical sludge and other debris which has been collected into a large
area of the Pacific Ocean by the North Pacific Gyre. This is a less well-known pollution problem
than the others described above, but nonetheless has multiple and serious consequences such as
increasing wildlife mortality, the spread of invasive species and human ingestion of toxic
chemicals. Organizations such as 5 Gyres have researched the pollution and, along with artists
like Marina DeBris, are working toward publicizing the issue.
Pollution introduced by light at night is becoming a global problem, more severe in urban
centres, but nonetheless contaminating also large territories, far away from towns. [104]
Growing evidence of local and global pollution and an increasingly informed public over time
have given rise to environmentalism and the environmental movement, which generally seek to
limit human impact on the environment.

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Conclusion
The health of the public, especially those who are the most vulnerable, such as children, the
elderly and the sick, is at risk from air pollution, but it is difficult to say how large the risk is. It
is possible that the problem has been over-stressed in relation to other challenges in the field of
public health.
As we have seen, there are considerable uncertainties in estimating both exposures and effects
and their relationships. It may be, for example, that the effects of long-term exposure to lower
concentrations of air pollutants could be more damaging to public health than short-term
exposure to higher concentrations. For this reason alone, local authorities could take action to
assess and improve local air quality. It is not sufficient to wait for an episode of severe air
pollution and then try to deal with its effects.
Another reason for action on air pollution is that we do not know the contribution which
exposure to air pollutants may make to deaths from, for example, heart disease. In many
countries heart disease is a leading cause of death and even a small contribution from air
pollution could mean a significant and important effect on public health.
On an individual level, the risk to health from air pollution is very much smaller than that posed
by active cigarette smoking or accidents. It is also true that healthy individuals are rather
unlikely to be affected by exposure to the concentrations of outdoor air pollutants in many
European countries on most days of the year. However, the old and the young, and especially
those suffering from respiratory or heart diseases, are the groups who are most vulnerable to the
effects of air pollution. It is only right that cost effective action should be taken to provide them
with clean air, which The Times of 1881 described as "the first necessity of our existence."

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External links
 OEHHA proposition 65 list
 National Toxicology Program – from US National Institutes of Health. Reports and
studies on how pollutants affect people
 TOXNET – NIH databases and reports on toxicology
 TOXMAP – Geographic Information System (GIS) that uses maps of the United
States to help users visually explore data from the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory and Superfund Basic Research
Programs
 EPA.gov – manages Superfund sites and the pollutants in them (CERCLA). Map the
EPA Superfund
 Toxic Release Inventory – tracks how much waste US companies release into the
water and air. Gives permits for releasing specific quantities of these pollutants each
year.
 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry – Top 20 pollutants, how they
affect people, what US industries use them and the products in which they are found
 Chelyabinsk: The Most Contaminated Spot on the Planet Documentary Film by
Slawomir Grünberg (1996)
 Nieman Reports | Tracking Toxics When the Data Are Polluted

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