EAlEMENTE

DE

ISTORIA A1>MI
n en t p"S

TPEmnNţ!A TlNEPlMEI tNqEII'bTOA.PE DIN AIIIEZ'bMlNTEll.E

DE 1NB'bţ!'bT"SP'b mI KPE1l!.EPE Il"SBAIlIE mI IIPIBATE;

de

.€!>. A APO N,

Dpo<}lesop de !stopi a q;enepaA'h a J\."SmJ�tn

KOAeq; FlS' ll. N au i'on ali. S<}l. S a Ba d in
E'SJnpeI,gl.

OpeY1fA este doI s.panyl.

E�K�PE1l!I.
1n tiuorpa<J>ia KOAeT,tHS'A"81 S<}l.--SaBa.

1847.
www.dacoromanica.ro
 EAEMENTE
I)E

ISTORIA AblVII
Hentps
TPEB1ilNI1A TINEPIMEI tNgErfibTOAPE DIN AIIIEVBMINTEAE
DE INIVI:abT1SP13 MI RPEIREPE IIIMAPIE IIII IIPIBATE ;

de
(D. A. A P 0 Ny

Ilpoilesop de Istopia venepae% a Alm?' tn

Koeetpwe Nauionae S43. Sana din
Bsicspeng.

Ilpeun este do/ scpanuT.

1111111111110,

BUKUPElig I.
In tinorpaVa Koneiplual S4).--SaBa.
3.347.
www.dacoromanica.ro
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X3X

IIPE(DATI1
Iat33 o Rapte mot), snin't nets atim en ttelak
st,t, xotlpteb supe a da tinepimet tnitenitdape
idee de Istopia mi, ui wipe a 0 npetbti irtintea
tnsa uentps n stsdit istopix mat tritins. Infp'd tee-
(Fee de Kapte ic ascFen de non ns epa K !Minus&
a rpsmsdi toate x'snowinueAe istopitte, 44p' a Au*
wimps o nrsnuime de esinemente, +ante mi nap&
irsAapitluI a Ae nonsAieop mi nauileop din Alimeet
Bette mi nsol. Ilentps gee d'intfiii stsdit istopitt
nig! RI mate +i notptinitb o istopie mat intinsl tui
dem:imam sistematige; nentps-nl desnper o napte
npin onsieemsrapea matepil ap trmexa uhiepaa de
minte a tinepimet engenstoape; iap desnpe al.4a
npin gaopma qua /wrath mi stprnss 'lap sAsai Late*
pea acsdittsuily ml o ap (tato m niapvb rsstze newt
tpt istopie.
In ageste enemente m'arn sinit a aiketle mi a stpte.
tie tot ge mi s'a nspst mat xpednix de tnsemnatt
mi mat Epednix de mist din tnttmnAspiAe nous/a-
/10p mi nauiinop xape a cFirspat mat msnt tn Ja-
me. Nz m'am onpit unfit Aa omenipsa din lama
BeRe Rape este 4)oapte densptats de noT ; i attt
mat msnt m'am tntins tn istopia mrosnop state mi
nauit a/Le aspopa tnttmunspl mi +ante at infAx-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 4 )(
inb assExpa soapteY noastpe. In gene din tpms
a ne istopit nso% , am tnsemnat mem din istopia
natpir, upend m'a eptat Radpse whpui/ mi nnansn
dun, Rape am exxpato. Sive a ns tnrpesia npea
mtnt uinepea de minte a tinepimd, am nss date
xpononagige ntmaT na exinementene mi clkantene ge-
ne mar tnsemnate. Astnd dopinul de a xonpinde
"route Esnorginue istopige u ntuine "copse , am
(lost sinit a tntpessinua tn stiA maY swspt, Rape tn-
ss soxotesw Wb ng tntsnewh InclYhtLimapea istopiwh.
Nt e de npisos a adsge arninte, Wb tinepimea Rape
mew a se snsmi jçg ageste enemente , tpeete Sb
4de nperitith ic Rsnotuinue vorpa+ige. Ins4)tp-
mit supe a fie stadia maT ic (Depigit% isnpass i se
penomand% desnsmipaa mi desxontapea institstopi-
n op nzestpa s Rtnormintle istopige sonide.
&mate ge'n am mit mainte .na nsRpapea age-
stop enemente de istopia n-smil a clost 410AOSIA ti-
nepimeY tncenitoape. De am +ost nopogit xa ST,
nimepesR sat nt, pimtne Ea nepEapea s'b doxedaa-
sx%. In toath tnttmnnapea et m mtnrat Kt mo-
tinn Rape m'a nowhusit a ntRpa o Eapte nentps Ra-
pe se simuea mape tpessinwh , mi 1:1113 BSKIp Ih
noate am dat antopa npigin% de a cl.age Leta ase-
menea mat desIntpmith.

ttops A.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X5X

1NTPOMKUIE

Ist opla Asmi este o nosestipe spedniwb de

uperst de eainementene sat Inttmnnlpine Liii +ante-
Ate gene mal mapt mi ma! Insemnate, Rape at 4:013-
nst sitiniwbpY assnpa omenipiT, mi assnpa nlmtnts-
nY.
Esinementene gene ma! spednige de tnsemnat ge
Ronpinde Istopia stnt: Ingenstsn omenipa mi sRim-
slpine rrbmtntsnsT ; naigepea souietwir nisine , a
tmnIpluiinop xiii a peratenop Rape at tng)nopit tn
nsme ; tntemeiepsa pe&iiii mi destinauiine sane ;
tnaintlpine ge at clemat oamenil tn Jaen% adiwb
ffl impamspl, rn nevisnauie, tn apte mi ; tn-
temeepsa mi rssepnse statenop din timnse de a-
RIM, mi tns(Ftpmit tnttmnelpine natpii noastpe.
Esinementene Me AC nosesteige istopia se mot
din issoapine istopige Rape stnt: Tp a di Ili! sat
snInepT npin rpaFii desnpe cFenspY de tnttmniapl
mi clante rani na Intpewsinuapsa sRpisopi; Ktnte-
e isto pi g e desnpe deosesite isuirbs/ ane epoinop
sat nauiinop; Mo nsm ente mste npeRsm: statse,
monete, dinnome mi ante aide nssnige ; Sicpiito p I
RontimnspanT natpioul sa stpeinil.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X6X
Sxpiitopil de istopie +ie natpiouT 4pie stpeinT, at
tnsemnat eainementene istopige tn: Etnorpa+il,
Rape desxpit nauiine Rea Ith n1101) &KM nimwb,
penigie, inntIsp% mi ante penauiT; tn IstopiT sne-
niane ane statenop, Rape twirbuimaarb desRontapea
mi mttnmempine +ie-RipsY stat mat saii not ; :a
Istopi/ de xx At Is pa nauiinop, Rape aparb tnainta-
pea ce at ciawst agestea tn wiinue, an apte mi m
mopanitate; tn Is to pil naptixxnape, Rape tn+l-
uime-azs tnttmanlpine znop souietbur, Ropnopauilt
sat xnase ane nil/ nomot; tn Biorpa+iT mi Ka-
paittepis fillet Rape tn4muimeam dessontapea wi
toate isnpinine snop indiRide sat snop E'bpsala
msemnaul.
Stzdisn istopil se tnnesneme +oapte mut xls
oape Rape kuiinue deoseRite Rape se nsmeswg ana-
toape ane istopii, mi smt alieste: !Jen ean ogia, Ica,
pe apat% tmmspuipaa mi. psdipea +aminiinop mat
xx seams agenop simepane; EpandiRa xape aparb
nmpvine mi ante semne de ninste npeasm mi dpen-
t-spine lie sent Aerate de dtnsene; Nzmismatixa,
Rape se tndenetninekue Rt monetene saii Rani nauii-
nop mi nonzeinop; Enirpa+ixa, Rape mBaut a
desnxmi insRpinuiine dena monsmente; Dian oma-
Him, Rape tumuli a Tied mi a 'nue/lege dinnome-
ne mi aRtene Reid; S+pagis tins, Rape se tndenet-
niqeme xx deosesipaa negeuinop; Istopi a KIA%-
topiiikop, Rape Amminanzi msnte eRinemente mi
41ante istopine.
Sive a tnwbua KS isnpawb istopia, este neanva-
t% tpeminu% de a +i qineRa nperltit RI Xp on o-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 7 )(
£o1Lia flu KS ijeorpatia. Xpononoctia apats mud
s'a tntanneat xstape sat xstape eninement tnsemuat
fn tame; tap ljeorpapa spats AOKIA snde s'a tn-
ttmnnat awn eninement ne Nape te noBesteme isto-
pia.
Eninementene istopiye se not nonesti mi tml;bui-
ma tn mule xinspY, mi atteste se nsmesx metoade-
.ne istopige, mi stnt de mal msete clenspT: I.j eo r pa-
claix, land eninementene se nonestesx dsns tnumpui-
pea rmmtntsnsT tn state, tnumpsuil mi perate ; X p o-
non o OK, land eninementene se nonestesx &us
mipsn mi itspvepaa aninop ; Sinxp onistix land
nonestindsse tte s'a tnamnnat tntp'sn AOK tEltp'1311
timu 7CONItt, se snsne ye s'a tnanmeat mi tntp'ant
LOX tot tntp'aiien timn ; E tn o rp apt, xtnd enine-
mentene se nonestem dstrb nauil mi nonsnl ; n p a r-
in atiuc, xtnd eninementene se tniauimeazs dsus
tam a xsps snsn dintp'antse; 1101 i t iic, land se
rn4muituriazs tqmopipea, nstepsa, sat sesnitmtnea
mi Bsdepea snsl stat &as ICKANYL, xonstitsuie, rs-
Bepn mi mopanitate, mu thus penauiine tn xape se
4ns Es ante state mi nauil stpeine.
lIentps maT mape tneesnipe na *nnsustspa eT,
istopia se tmnapte tn Bette mi ii ow 'b. Istopia nexe
se tntinde dena tngenstsn nsmi, ntns na ansn 476
thins Xpistos. Istopia nsos xonpinde toate enine-
mentene nsmi dena ansA 476 dsns Xpistos, tans,
tU zinene noastpe. Attt istopia Bette tat uti Ina mos
se mat ssnamnapte tn nepio a d e istopige, Rape stnt
snauil de timn ma/ minr sat sitspt, tte a lisps dens
sn eninement tnsemnat ntns na ant eninement ase-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 8 )(
menea mape. Istopia Bexe se suttmnapte tn mase
nepioade ; mi sea nos13 asemenea tn mase.
Istopia este de sn (Fonos neanipat nentps (Fie-
Nape om din opl-ne Haas% a souiemui. flpiniT ss-
Bepant din nindene Tie tn(phttimeazi istopia, }MOW
qe tpesse S73 (Fain) nentps adeimpata nop mbpipe,
mi nento (Fepinipea nonseinop Lop; RIM nimi 111
ne noate apita xa istopia, i a mat msnt de lot
nel-n-anty oament not si (Fie cFixitopir de Bine
sec' sigisn neamsnst omenesx. Swami mu netlueni
(Fie-xspsia stat, (Ne-impir irbpr, din istopie trmawb
a'int icsnoame mi a'inr Fusi natpia, Biztnd destine-
uiine sane, tnnenstsn xonstitsuieT sane de main, ne-
gine, tilanepine de sine tie a npiimit dena dtnsa mi
datopia nea s(Ftnts e ai's de a'/ snsa(i. Nersueto-
lost,. Bede tn istopie xa tntp'o orninds tn tie xin Ro-
inermin s, (Film ii nuenegepe mi ix dpentate,
.neari) ne oarnen/ tntpe dtrunil; tn ne idn tnaintea-
zi, mi snpiadnewe stapea tri(Fnopit) nil nstepea no-
nwninop mi iitte o dati, map mi eineptatea nop; nil
tnscFtpmit tot In istopie Bede ne e datop natpii sane
attt tn film' de nage Itt mi de pissot-t, mi ne int
noate s'er npininseasim attt A-81 itt mi a ;INA tn-
tpetg elicomia nea nesitspatb de xtmir. Ilentps
aptist, xape Nast% a imita natspa, a npodsne mode-
.ne desimpmite mi npintp'ancasta a uni.nea mi a in-
slue, istopia xonpinde o itomoapi nemuspat1 de
nepsoane mi de (Fante ne Nape en /le noate tn+i)-
uinia mi tmuodoni; ea ± d mi desnsmipine tpeBs-
innoase assripa atttop monsmente a ne aptet sane, tt
anpinde imavinauia ml i xpinewe venise. Aitepa..

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X9X
1,15k uti cult/atm din istopie acrin% opl ge nas tn.
semnat a 4ymcst divan omenesx tn xmtapea edeBb .
iransY, a 41pimssetii mi a (Ionossnx/; npin ea Kg,
noame tngen-stisn 4fle_Wbpi Iiinue, Binene ge ea a
clybazt, mi ne oameni/ agel mapY nape at' mcntiBato
mi a mEorluito. In s+tpmit minitapin 4As tn
istopie Rzm s'a sximBat mi itsm s'a deslotpmit apta
sa ; n ea Bede ne age/ epol Rape, neBIrtnd tn sea-
mi npimemdiine mi moaptaa, 'mY a Blpsat stniite-
tie nentpx npinuil ACT mi nento natpia Aop, Wi
npin Bitezia ml tnuenengiimea A013 a xottptt soap-
ta nonwidnop mi a tmalpluiinop; ef tY apati, imy a-
ttt tn jmseoF Ktt liii tn nage, aIapl de Bitezie Un
nopatnit, noate arbta nime Biptsur cFp.smoase, Rape
se mepite ginstea mi Hisipea tatspop oameninop.

SH)0111111

IL

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 10 )(

ISTOPIA BEK E.
IIEMOD
ijeAa Adam ninl, la MoYsi; sat deAa (Fa-
lepaa Atm, ntn Aa LevisAatoptA Ispae-
AiulA0p; opi deAa antA At mi 1 ntn% Aa
1. a

t431.

Oititepea Aimi mi a omvAlY.

ja tngenst A tot nstepnixsA Dlmnezeil a 4)1Tat
odin nimixa /omen, adiR% meptA uii nimtntwA, Rw
toatene se Ronpinde tntp'tnseAe. AtxplA agest mape
aA 4.aviepi 'Aa tnitoponat Es clatrepea Anr Adam mi
a Eni. Anew din tot oament npiimijm deAa Dmne-
ze onattps demtpmit1; el epa asemenca Ati Dsm-
nezet is nuenentnimea mis(Finunia, mi anon ton
mi szcimet nemnpitop. E dontndipl dena Dsmne-
zet dpent de a stlutni nlmtntse, mi de a se nt-
Rwpa de opli-ge npodsve eA.
ICBdepaa ointAtY din clepitzipe.
Dap oameniT xieT npin neasniAtapea de
nopsnica Aea (Fost dat Dzannezeil de a ns mtn-
xa dintp'sn nom onpit , nepdtp% nesimarbuia Aop,
alzsp% din npesnl xs tot neamse omenesx ge s'a
tpas dena danni din clepitlipaa In Rape se allAa,
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 11 X
mi +so, ostndiul u mtpli oroz1Qapea (Ilea WW1
aronissasits xpana sieui. Intp'attaast% stape neno-
poitit% Dstnnezet ass mitt% de dtnuri; ee tilis4Al2
nidestdaa, ic sa Beni a speme itn1 neami e. onto-
newt se sa imam, mi tot de odati1 ee dete ()apes-
nape idel desnpe Rsnominua esr Dsmnezet, mi da.
supe Rinse rsm tpessie s1.1 SAIDICaSK1? .

ImmsAuipaa mitminrbwiepaa
oamenieop.
Nenoui mi stpenenoui AzI Adam se tmnpa,..
p npin Asia, mi tntemekap% maT msAte souieta.ut
+aminiape. Hentpx aronisipta meeop jpeaxintwaso
na xpana Biei, tni se tndeeetnitua ig enonomia do-
sitoatteeop, aeui estcpa abratntse. ET 4Ixspi, oa-
pe-xape tnaintyl tn xsAtispa Wi desrbstptuipsa /Lop
mi acimarb mi oape-Raee apte, ripeRsin: msziRa Un
esupapsa metaneeop.

Stpixapea oamenieop tnl nirnirbdipea

eop npin noton.
Dap oameni, slitnd tts tots'. ne Dimnezei, se
detep% ea des(ppitn%pr, mi se stpiatarb attti de inset,.
mita Dsmnezei , ne ea anse 1656 dela (Fagepea
mi) a xotiptt npintp'sn nab= rpozas sg.'T nisprb
dsne (Faua rmmtntsest. Din ageasti, nenopottj.pe a
simnat munal Noe xs tpel cpeqopl Wi nepestone AoR,
mi mci nape-nttesa nepeR1 din toate 4nes2iee de ani-
mane.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 12 )(
Imnonseapea nlmtntzAzY dxn% noton.
Din lleAe out indiside swbnate de noton, oameni
tap at tnqeirst a se tnamsAui. Dentin xn oape-Ha-
pe mon, mtpenpinund HAIdipsa xnzT txpn *naAt,
Dzmnezet Ae amestewb AimsiAe, mi eY neustInd a
se mg tnueAeve tntpe sine, 4)1cps siAiuY a tngeta de.
La npoeHtTA Aop, mi a se tmnplmia ne d2aua rm-
mtntual Ha Sl'A imnonsAeze. Mal tnttt-ii s'a imuo.
nsAat Asia, ne limns A4)piHa, mi tn s4)tpmit Expo-
na, mi liene-AaAte impuT mi Aouspl aAe nlmtntx-
AIT.

tnaintlpiee oameninop din% noton.

Oamenil dim noton aucznsepl turpawb Aa sta.
pea de HsAtzps tn Rape s'ag a4)Aat tnainte de ne.
nopolipsa alisasta omeaswb, Uni se zimnsa KS AZ-
Hpapsa mmtntlAIY, age! Hz eHonomia animaAeeop,
mi anuil Hz indxstpia mi HomepvtwA. Aa a4)Alpi-
Ae Bela adlorap% aAteee /loth, mi tntp'atieste gene
mal zpednive de tnsemnat +sop: zsrplsia sat de-
semniA mi sHpisoapsa.

tntemeepaa souiet'buiAop shine mi a

irsHepneAop.
Dap oameniY n'ap 4)1 4ybwst nig? o dab mints-
pl map! supe denstpmipaa Aop, daxa nentpx sirs-
panua dina4)ap% a Aop nentps nacsa mi Ainimea
din AlIntpx, mi n s4)tpmit nentpx 4)epiliipsa A op
n'ap 4)i 4)opmat souierbut perxnate, n'ap 4)14)ondat
state, timrhpuir mi perate, Wm! ap 4)1 tntoRmit

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 13 )(
risepne mi ns 'ad ap 4)1 dat AevY. Statene na in-
menstsn :top epa migT mi neinsemnate; dap emind
plssonsA in Asme monapxil sat stsntnitopiT imop
state se s5aup im dinssA snpe a mime nonsa
ml nauiT, mi stye a 43opma state mapT.

Imiubp.buia BasiAonii mi a Asipii,

Ilene maT Bela state se rssesx in Asia , in xim-
niine de Atnri EscFpat mi Tirps, slide oamenil thi-
ns noton s'at amezat total's ic AIRtinua. Aigi in
AORTA inde nenouil mi stpenenouiT Ala Noe *ntpe.
npinseseps Rnsdipca tspn.sn-sT liens! inant, Nem.
pod RItpe aim. 1900 duke 4)avepsa esmil , 4)ondl.
Aims Escipat statiA Basieonii Rape 9 ne Ann, ge-
tataa BasieonsA, Ronpinde mi ante tpeT vetsur.
Inrpass dims ageasta Asti) -intemeie Atnrb Tirps
sn ant stat ntmit aA Asipi! Rm Isanitana Ninise, al
xspzia Alxsitopr Vind plsso/nig! tspszpaph Aini-
wax Basinonii, o ssnisep%, dm, Rim smsnarapl,
mal trpzit mi ante whpIr npexim Media, Apmenia,
BaRtpia mi Sordiana.

PeratsA EtitintsAsT.
Ile Rind in Asia se 43opma state, seminuiT din
alma% napte de Asme, ronite de peBonsuir sat de
Ainsa spand, tpexspl in A4)pixa mi detejm neste
Evint, sna din gene mg Borate ulpr aee ninnints-
AsT. Aim! Menes , ne na ante 1900, (Fonds in pe-
rat, arm nape se mar loopman mi aAteAe; dap
gene maT insemnate a 4)ost qui deAa Tesa mi gen

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 14 X
deLa Mem Vs, Rs RanitaneLe i alteLaml nsme. To.
ul pegii Egintsesi se nsmea klpapaonl. Nnil din.
tpe thnwii a (Fost Letlisnatopt inueneuul, wi npo.
teRtoplt ai apteLop mi al miinuenop.

Oinigiani/; Romepqn.L Lop.

Dap ne Linr aqemf nonsa se pidiRan in Asia
ftenigianii Rape, npin Homepqnn., naBirauia mi a-
4)L1pine nop, at intepesat Lsmea. Atnezat La tope
mil Meditepanil, dinnpotiBa qinpsnst , nil Lino,
mmteLe EBansLs1 gen Borat de qedpii nentps Ron-
stpsRuia de 'tonsil, aqest 110II3A dosindi sn, rsst
domnitop nentps Homepqt-t mi naBirauie. Oeniqia-
nil desRonepin stiRna mi Bbnseaoa nspnsn Rape
ne adsqaa sn Rtigir nembsspat, wi ei sint a+Li2topit
al ma! nantop imply/ nentps Rape ne este ome-
nipea datoape. Kiap mi sRpisoapsa KS eitepe se ziqe
HI) s'ap 4)1 a4mat de sn Romnatpiot an "top ammo
Tot sat Test, Rape se d% KS soHoteana Eli a tnit
ne ea alalt 1800,1900.
Fpeqil din Espona.
tn s4)tpmit Beni mi pindse. Esponil Ha Sb 4:11-

rspeze. gen d'inttfii norm., npin Rape s'a insem-

nat mast% napte de mime, at (lost rpeqir. Stn-
mowil aqemil nauii a cllost Ilenastitir, Rape din A-
sia ne La anse 2100 Benin in IleLcmones , qe se
nsmeme astlal Mopea; de aqi tpeRind in Enada
slist o RInetenie Limit% rpeRs, tot nonsesn npit-
mi nsmipaa de rpeqr. Unene qete se intinsen nt-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 15 X
im tn Tesania; antene tpexspl in Itania. Rs toate
K. seminuiine nenasgiane amezate in nenonones at
+ondat oape-Rape perate; dap de omge tot nons-
esn rpex n'asea negr , epa 4ipb apte mi miinue,
tplia o Maui nomadl, xpinindsse i epsr mi frb-
dlqinr, mi ns itsnowea nita intpessinuapea sto-
RIAIL

Ingenstsn aptenop mi wiinuenop.

Ilpe Kit se dessonta souietluine omenemr, npe
atit inainta mi aptene Wi wiinuene. ffli snene mi
antene sint datoape ingensusn nop tpessinuir mi in-
timnnlpir, deosesitenop nmpeaispi.pr a .ne whpani-
nop, annenbpr lie a oamenir nentps nei.gepine liii
Romoditluine BieUir, xspiozimuit ui aRtiBit1uL ds-
sins! omenesx. Sxsnntspa mi Apsitextspa, zn in-
*least de noezie, nsuintix% istopie natspan% mi me-
apitmetixa uti geometpia xs astponomia, at
(lost gene mar insemnate xsnotOnue a ne oameni-
nop din timusn agesta. Sxpisoapea lie se acFnase
a xontpissit msnt snpe ane rrbstpa mi snpe a ne
imnpmuia.

Inaintlpine Idonatpii.
Dap penigia a degenepat Aka. tour 110117fAir. In
nox.sn nexpedinuel mi an srti.pir de Dsmnezet in
xape esmea tnainte de noton lame, se detep i. a-
lma na ssnepstiuie. Ei spea In xsntse .nop peni-
gios onaiexte slzste. In %nuke nowspr nietpenex xo-
nagil mi animanene se Asap% de Dsnmezer ; in ante
nonspl soapene, esna mi stenene, nape adsirea alitea

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 16 )(
goonoase oameninop mi niponea mippaa nop, do..
sendips dena dtnmir qinste mi enuinsinwne dzmne.
zeaasns. Dm, aqeaa endsmnezeips mi oamenr, Ra-
pe 'rat indatopat us (1)aqepr de nine. tn ast+en
de win se rant mi upesHw idonatpia qaa mar wpt-
ts estpauaranus a dsxwnsi omenesx. Ea se nisKs
en Xandea, se entinse en irspine weqine, mi ne sp-
ms tpens en Eitint, nde a npiimit statse, temnne
nd antape.
Ilistpapaa peiittii adewspate npin Ewper
sair Ispaenii/T-
Ilentps Ea adenspata peeigie ss nt se niapys
dintpe oamenr Dsmnezet anese ne Aepaam , ua
npintp'enssA mi npin nauia qe'ml tpatie engenstsn
de na denswn, ss se nsstpeze (Imps sicimeape. Ki-
tpe anwn 2017, tpeuend din Xandea en wimentwn
Kanaan, se nimi Eepet, mi se xpsnea dena twpme-
ne sane. CIA SIA Isaac mi nenotwn ssit IaRow ,
uape s'a nsmit mi Ispain, 4)-sps upedingomr peAilpi
me/ adeaspate, mi nomadisips mi er npin Kanaan
mi Sipia. lawou aux 12 cIeqopr, xape clopmaps na-
ula Espeinop sa Ispaeniuinop. Iosi4, Iran din Tier
12 cleqopl al Awl Ialcon, Beni en Etdut, Slade npin
tnuenenqHmaa sa amsnse an dornaa that cl3apaon.
EA itiems A a sine ne mese sit us toms ckarninia
sa, mi ne dete sn non ita ss se xpsneasws. Thum
moaptaa Awr Iosi4, wpmstopir peg! at Evintwnwr, te-
mendis-se Ica Eepeir, Rape se emmilniLea cpoapte raw
ss in se Swans icw ermumamir nop, engenusps al
tipanisi, en Bet epa xotipets nyinidenia a toati na-
uia Eapeeasits.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 17 X

HEPIOD IlL
Deea Moisi ran% ea Pomtes; sat deea e-
mipaa ERpeieop din Evint, ntn% ea zidi-
pea Pomit; opt deea ante 2452 num ea3231
deea cFacepaa ezmil.

Mtntsipaa ERpeieop npin MoYsi; statte

eop tn Ikeestina.
Kind nauia eRpel-asrb npin tipaniieetImpaonieop
epa aupoane sl se uplArbdaasRi, se isi Molsi mtn-
tsitopse et. Agesta dun) ',re swim% ne Espet din
posia Egiattett, tt dtse tn ApaRia, lade ea mimteee
Sinai, ee dete peeivie, ANT mi impanspl. De aqi
Eapeit, SIR Romanda ela Iona sat Ists NaRi, tpeR--
ps,tn nimtntte Kanaan, sat ae. 4mrldsinui. tn
tima de stall:apt de intpe Rplamaml, se hip, e-
pot, sat msdiRltopt, ppm= Fedeon,.I4ta, Samson,
&main mi aeull, Rape :1 mtntsipi. DUI alicasta
domndipl pei, dintpe !Cape DaRid ea 2929, mi So-
eomon (lite slit ea 2969, lisp% get mat stimetmi-
lg. Dap nesnipaa tt 4nRs Ra s se tmaapirb in
do% perate, ae eat Isda, mi ae est Ispaie, lUi amtn-
dol 4sp npach pevieop Asipii miii al Basieonii.
IlL

www.dacoromanica.ro
 k Is x
Psina tmulfrbuii Asipii.
Asipianit, sys pegene Ninzr mi NeBastl-sa Semi-
pamida , ait" (1).Litst mapr Ronpindept, mi statsA Aop
epa geA mat nstepnia din Asia; dap AIRSTA mi des-
(Fpnibpine, ad monemit ne pegit spInItopt, mi al
clemopaAizat nauia tntpearb. In timnsA Asr Sapda-
nanan, ne Aa arrsA 310S, Rape epa attt de cIemehat,
In Rtt tnisplitat tn xene msepeint medea tn xapem
ini topgea K eIspRa, s'a golitst 0 pesonsuie, nape
a dIptmat monapxia Asipiatm.

PerattA EtlintsAsr.
In Egint, dun get d'Inttiii Tapaont, nape s'xii
tndenetnigit ic AsRplpine nImit, rope ansA 2920,
s'a pidiRat Sesostpe, nape a tntpenpins esnediuit
pbssolnige tn Acppitta, tn Asia mi In Espona. Pe-
-0 spmItopl dxrri) citrissA trybAuapl) nipamideee mi
cmenisuiT, Rape sipsipi atttaa peBonsuiT ane natspil
mi ane oameninop, mi sta.* uii ntni tn zioa de astl-
zt dcmach de posia Inst Hons.& pindltop, Rape na
nopsmta desnouinop, tnaAwb agene zidiplitnnosane,
mcc ssdoapea mal msetop ilenepautt.

Nasirauia, RoAoniine mi omepgi-ne Oeni-

gianinop.
doenigianit, dessoAttnd tot maT msnt Romeplmn
/lop mapitim, tntemefaps deosesite noeoniI, tn hiss-
nene nybpi Meditepane ntni tn Snania; dap gea maT
trasemnati Rononie a op a (Fost Kaptavena, ne !Lip-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 19 )(
mil AcFpiqi din npotiBa SiqinieT. A(Dapl de mapea
Naarp% mi qea Mediteparm, el apsnRat mi ne
s'al'i
mapea Atnantira, mi a Bizitat upmit Bpitanii mi
aT Danimapqi. Indsstpia nop npodsqfra tot mat mu-
te mi maT desImpmite ASKpspY nentps Romern4. Icl-,
tpe ansn 2800, et amp% mi sn istopiR mi (Dinoso(F,
nsmit Sanxsniaton, Rape sitpise istopia (Deniqii mi a
EgintsnsT, mi ante impuT assnpa tntienstvesT nsmi,
zui assnpa zeitwinop natpii sane ; dap din toate a-
vestaa HID% a not n'a aaans de Ea o Bsttatl ttn-
mmit% frit rpeqewe. Iletataa qaa mat mite mi mai
tnsemnata a Aop a (post Sidonse ; TipSA s'a zidit
mal ne spinit, dap a eiteinsit Sidonsn. Araindo%
metluine aqestc-a aRm pail! ; nenenante aaca rssepue
pewSseiRane.

Desaontapera rpeqii ripin EninT mi 1OA0-

nistl stpeinT.
Dap rpeqir, Rape ft) timniT dintft4 s'ait tnsemnat
(1)oapte nsuin, se cpopmaps main nauie mape, mi
apltap% Asmi ssnepiopitataa tanentenop mi a dsxs-
not nop. lIeste HenasviT, Tie! d'tntti-is nlitsitopl a
rpeqii, ne Aa ansn 2470, Beni Desitanion ic o Ro-
nonie dena lianas ; roni ne Ilenasig fn inssne saii
ante trapur, mi ne tie! framaml Y sini s% se arnesti-
qe Rs. Rononistil TO. Tour n'bitsitopiT rpenT se ns-
mipi EninT, dena Enen (Fisn nsT Desitanion. Ileste
agenzt nlitsitopT senira Rononit din Eyint, ssB tie-
Rpons 2426, mi Danag; din (1)eniqia ssa Kadms, mi
din Asia mho, sSa [knolls. Ks Benipea imestop
_

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 20 )(
stpeint, 'Tem nonseauia uspi , mi penigia, negine
mi oRigefispine rpeginop Asap. ants (13opml. In
cpeuia se tntememp1 maT unnte state, din Rape qe-
Ae mat tnsemnate ad (post Atena 1111 Snapta. Emind
epot npersm EpRse, Teset, Hepse mi ante; aqe-
ijia +maps Rine Fpegii tn mIrnte Rinspt. 13n npinu
dena TpoFa din Asia mirb, nsmit flapis, pni ne E-
nena nesasta AsT Menenat pegene din Snapta. Pes-
sznapea agestst acfpont a pidiRat toati rpeqia in
npotisa Tpoi, Rape dsni, sn plsBotiS de zege ant, na
2800; se plans Rs totse. Dsni, ageasti, inttmnea-
pe insemnam, EpaRnizi sat Ipnaltopil iX EpRzA, ad
tipszpat HeitononessA. Bpind m Ronpinzi mi Ate-
na, Kodps pegene et, na 2913, se aceptcli mi mspi
nentps natpia sa. Atingt se descliinuapl rsnepne-
Ae monapxiqe mar din toat% rpegia, mi se npe4m-
taps in pen'sRANT. Minos, sn pege an Rpeti, Rape
astIzt se- ziue Kandia, dldsse de mutt ulpi sane o
neOsnauie cfmrEtoape de sine. Dena agesta ns%
ninth. Airspr, mi na 3100, dete natpii sane Snaptel
o negisnauie Rape a dosindit mape cFarmi in Jame.

Aegine AIX AiRspr.

Aliapr a aRst de sxon Ra npin negisnauia sa
si) (Farb din Snaptant minitapt EznY, Hmitopl de nrb-
pipea mi de stlybestiipsa natpii nop. Supe a rbti
de timnspit ne tinepT nentps stapsa minitapl, Rape
sinrspl epa in qinste na SnaptanT, a pindsit o Rpe-
wepe asnpl, gen mar mape Rsmnit in mtnRape ml
in RIstspl, simnnitate in tmsplrbminte, mi msntl
esepgiuie nentlYS amtndoi seRsene; is sn Rsstnt a
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 21 )(
nopsnitit tisa ma stpannaiRb desqinnirrb. &ape a
(lege de o notpiwb ne tout netiuenit Snaptet, tm-
nbpui tot lmmtntsn tntpe chnuail tn nIput de o no-
tpiwb , mi supe a nu se ammi de RorbuiT, a de-
wbptat aloe mi apvintsn mi Ae a dat Ban! de (Dep.
ArpiRsespa, nsuina indsstpie mi ante oRsnauit, .ne
AIM) ne Hama posinop nop nsmiut Enout ; mi ne
Snaptant ri onignsi i eRsepinuit minitape. Snap-
tani tn frbssoFii tpensFa sa' Sb Bipsaaswb , saii s73
moapi, Kitt! grgrapir epa nevinstiuT. KFap ad pe-
eivia .nop ne tnsw4ma dsx psuoTniic, (Nind-wb zei-
tbuine nop epa tnapmate. Et ns nepea ant dena zei-
bite, deRtt Si, cFie oament qinstiut mi si'nd maid-
IMAM. datopiine.

Inaintbpine rpetainop tn Rsntsfrb.

He land se clYbirea atteste sRimsipT tn Ronstitt-
uia nonitiR1 a Fpoldi, dsxsn rpeginop +lima tn-
naintlpt map! to apte mi iine. Op(peit din Tpa-
Ilia, nue*, Aine Esmonnt tmuntnzirb rrEpauspine
rpeuinop, dtnds-ne idet de penigie, noezie nfl ante
apte, mi tndemntnchet Ra si 4fle uiptsoml. Dedan
a (lost gen mat mape apxiteRt mi meRanix an tim-
nsnsi sit. Medittina , mat Rs mama° xipspvia mi
BotaniRa, se Rsntivarb Rs isnpawb de Eswsnan, Xi-
pon mi anuir. Hanamed, snsn din RamitaniT Fpetit
dena plsRomn Tpoit, a adlorat nitepe nos% na an-
cpaRetsn de Kaqms iDenigiansn tn adssese de msnt
mi'n clymtsse Rtnosint Fpeginop. Dap gen mat ma-
pe noet an rpeginop a (lost Omep, Rape Rtnta, pm-
IUN-WA Tpoii to noema sa qua Bestir', manila) Iniada,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 22 X
liii tnttnnwLpine As! /3"A is tn alit% noenn vsmits
Odisea. KsAtiBtnds'int tn ast+en de itin &mut,.
rpegil snrpiasipl dna (1)age mi transA uaanln mi
Btptos, mi de a wbstpa na dtnina IispailFKA pnsnol-
niK. Snpe agest scptpulit, Intemei-apb tn deoseBite
/twat)! atossp1 nssAitte mi sonemne nentps anepra-
pe, santspT, /ante liii antene. (Tule ma! nestite am-
itspr a (Dost agene nsmite Onimniqe.

Penitlia adeBbpat% nbstpatl. de Espel se

(1)age Esnositstil mi antop nonsAL
Intpe atttaa ssims1p1 mi npe(PagepT, Aa Rape at
o s t ssnrsse nauiine ml statene din lute tpene nv-
laine Asmi, penivia tiaa adeirbpatb se rubstpb dium
1301-a Asf Dsmneze-g de nonsnse Eva, ita its tn-
tietse s se (Daiwb jtsnositsti iui antop nonsAr ido-
Aatpi. InttmnAlpine gene deosenite ane agestsi
norisn, Aimna sa Rape epa tot Ica a Sipianinop , a,
(Penitnaninop, a Xandeinop mi antop nonsAr din A-
sia, mi Insgitpmit noziuia whpi sane, to IlliiHAOK54
a sttop tpene nIpuiee Asmi tanositste, mi a nor's-
Ainop tienop maltnsemnauf al Belcirni, toate atieste-a
aS Kontpiusit snpe a (page icsnosicutb alma penii,iie
mi A a anut nonsAT. Ks toate ich EPpeir epa onpi-
ul de a aBea met arnestiR itS ants( nonse; dap Ko-
mern-sn. Aop mi anianuene nop o 4Ybicspi, n'snosits-
ti tui Aa Begini nop.
Peninia, trbpasspiee mi oBigel-spine Egin-
teniAop.
Dana nonsnsn Eapei a (Dost denozitap ae ade-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 25 X
tipateT peiittiT, dena Rape mi ante nai si, tninp-r-
rnste xsnokuinue saarbtoase desnpe Dsmneze-g, Eiiu-
tenil a tnnuuat ne anut nonsAT msm S1'1111 oprani-
zeze statene nop, mi qe neig tpense sa) ne dea. Din-
tpe touT nonsni, rpetiil se (Fonosipb maT inset de
tnuenenqamea egintianl. PeqiT EgintsnsI epa ss-
min/ its stpmuniqie na datopiine nop. Dsna) moap-
tea nop, clie-icape aBaa dpent de al ntpt ; mi met
*nrpona j qinste claim se donedaa xa, a rsrepnat
int Ilpo+esiine epa morgenitoape tn Egint: clnIsn
sin/ norm, sat an Ins/ nIstop ii nstaa dexeni ant,
de tot hap non% sag nistop. Aa osneuene nop, E-
gintenil adstiaa de msnte opt sn Romtn-Isr de om
mopt , snpe a'int adstie aminte wi stnt mspitopY.
lipeztnd wb ss(pnetsn &Ha, moapte tpeqe din tps-
nu, sit' gen stpixat tn tpsiasn ants! om sag ani-
man, tinxinslmera tpsnspine moapte, snpe a ne 4)e-
pi de nstpenome. Penitlia nop epa (Doapte ssnepsti-
uioasa3. A(Dap..b de Osipis (soapene) mi Isis (Jana),
zeiLluine nop gene ma! map!, area mi ante zeitiury
mi se Inrina mi 'nap ea animaAe; (laid tnsa, mu
aqaastb penigie tmnua nemspipc-a ss(pnetsnsT, mi
epa stptns nerati s negt Inuenente un nizite sine,
n'a anst incIesinurb BitInaltoape asznpa mopanitl-
;Li! nonsial.

PeAitia rpeqinop.
rpeqi! tmnpsmstap1 ideT de penigie mi de uep-
moniT penigioase mal mt.* dena EvintenT, mi
ne spnrb dena toenitnianT mi Tpata. Aa aneste a-
&wrap, deosesite tpadiuiT mi in,pept de a ne nop.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 24
Din amesteRstspa atiaasta a pezsetat mitoemlia rpe-
neasKI, Rape Ronpindaa ide1 desnpe o mseuime de
zeitsti1 ea Rape se tnRina. tlaa mat mape zeitate
a /Lop epa iNsuittp sat }Hoe, dims Rape spina
Nentsn, Heston, Anoeon, Maps, MepRspie, ?Km%
Benepaa, tlepes Lid aegit. Omep tn noeziiee saee, a
dessntpmit mi a tmnodonit mitoeogia aqsasta, ne
nape Esiod, aet noet, o pedsse mat ne wpm% tn side-
Anui noeut mat ttpzif o smnpRaps ics tn-
Einsipt nAmate mi tntp'sn Kin cloAositop nentps
mopanl. cninosocFil rpeliT de mi mmosmips de-
meptlImmaa aqestil peeigit; dap n'aRsps Rspatp-ii-
de a o desclAinua mi de a mule tn eoRS'1 aeta ma/
pattionaRies.

IlEPICED ilL
Deea POTTITAZ ntns ea gips Ilepsianse; sat
deea zidipaa Pomi, ntns ea tntemeiepaa
monapxii tlepsiane; opt deea ans.& 3231 nt-
ns ea 3446 delta (patzepaa ASIlli.

Zidipza Pomi; 4lopmapaa statses/ Poman.

Iltns tn titnnse agesta mina! rpexii! sinrsp! s'at
deosesit tntpe nonseil Esponil; de aRsm tnainte
tnss tugene a se pidiRa tn Itania sn nonse, a Rs-
psf-a nstepe mi mspipe a uinst ma! mset de Rtt a
antopa. Atiest nonse 9 nape ics IngetsA a nonpins
nismea mi a domnit neste dtnsa mai msete Rcansp1
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 25 )(
a* (lost Pomanit. Et s'a nsmit atm dena metatea
Poma , ne Rape o at zidit Ponrans mi Pems, dot
4)paut vement, na ansn. 3231. POITISAS a (post nen
d'tntat pege an Pomi. En a nsptat mgAte plssoae,
mi a psnit nexeste mi (Fete Sasinenge nentps pis-
Iiolnjqi! ss! , Rape ns epa tnsspaut. Nsma Ilornainie
an dotnea petie &Hs Pornses, a tinsntnzit sseRsts-
tnrsnaa Pomaninop npin penivia liii nevine Re Ike a
dat. Dap slim spmstopit pegt ; Tyns Ostinie, Anws
Mapuie mi Tapainie IlpisRs Pomanit map nsptapb
pssBoae npin xape tint mspips statse. . AA mase-
AEA pege Sepnie neje dete Pomi o pe4)opms, npin
Rape Pomanit deaenips mapt mi nstepnivt. Ast-
4)en et tn timn de dos Baaxspt tfaxsps insete Ro-
npdept , mi tuft tntememps nstepaa nop assnpa
mat msntop Houser din Itania npeRsm: Aatinr, Sa-
sin!, Estpsstit mi anuil. litnd 1115 mcpta plsmat,
se tndenetnigea Rs arpiwantspa mi Rs. nsuin Romep-
mt. Neaatnd apte miii mantle, ania Rsnowea apte
de a supi, mi statse .nop alma nsuine /IRV.
Peratsn Asipii nots, an Baxinonii nos% mi
an Medii.
Din psinine Bemis/at perat an Asipii din Asia,
Rape Rszs ssx deschitnatsn Sapdananan, se clopma-
ps tper perate: an Asipii num, an Baninonii nos%
mi an Medii.Pellit din Asipia nom se tnsemna-
ps mat msnt npin neRazspine no npiginsips met's-
uinop din Sipia mi peratenop eapeeml. Sanmana-
sap, IA 3263, a stpiRat KS tots). peratsn not Ispailip
ly.
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 26 X
mi ne IMICSitopl 'oa (Ns p0131 tn Asipia. Inrpass
thus aqsasta Asipia nom a nszst s Media.Ba-
siwonia nom se pidins Aa o nstepe tnsemnats ssm
pegi/ ssv XaAdel, dintpe nape Nessnadnezap a 4tost
an psssolnin ssAnatix. Aqesta, ne Aa 3377, a aps
lepssaAimsA a stpinat peratsA .A.s/ hda, mi ne E-
Eper 'Ea ds posT *n Basinon, snde 'tul at nAtns ne-
nopoqipine tn timn de 70 de ant. Nensnadnezap a
stpinat Tipse metatsa qsa Bora% a (benigianieop.
Basieonia mal ttpziii a tpemrt sa domnia Ilepsiani-
Aop.--PeratsA Medii s'a stpsAsqit mar inset dentt
stqeste dos npin norzpindepiAe qe a timicst tn Asia
desnpe miazs noante. UnsA din peilit s'bT nsmit
Riansap, ne Aa 3351, a psinat statse Asipii mi'A a
*nit Hs Media. Dap sant Astiar, momsA Ast gips
liepsiansA, isms nil aqest perat ssn domnia IIepsia-
niAop.

Psinapsa perateeop Eapeinop.

Evil, se psssoips tntpe sine din npiqina spa
tie se enazIsase tntpe demon, dena tmnspuipea Aop
*n do% state. listpe aqsasta el xszsps mi Aa ido-
Aatpie mi se stpinaps cf,oapte msAt. Atimql at e-
mit tntpe dttunil upopoq/ nape tl dommea nentpi
41anteee eop , ml ci tndemna ss se tntoaps Aa
bumnezet; dap e/ ns'l asasAtaps, ntns land Beni-
ps petit stpeinl nape ee stpiaap% stateee mi tl ds-
seps pont . itntpe npopoqi aqestia, qe/ mar tnsem-
an/ at (lost Isaia, Mina, Nam, IezeniiA mi aAuir.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 27 )(
Peratsn EgintSnst Rade ssu liepsiant.
In Egint, dsn'h Oapaonit Rape unldip% cFanniqi-
ne dap zadapniqine nipamide, irbmnip% Etionienil
Rape domnip% *n sinniqie 50 ant. Dot-snpe-zeqe
upintit egintent npin natpioti'smsn nop sinriap1 0,-
pa de domnia stpein% , mi 4ondarb 12 state tn. E-
mint. Unsn din aget 12 peig nsmit Ilsametix AO
ea 3313, upin uixnenia sa Ripsi ne ton! toaaponsil
sil mi se 4YbRs sinrsp monapx. Ks Ilsametix se tn-
germ o nom &lox]. nentps Egint. ttapa aqsasta
epa isonatl mi tnRim ntus alum nentps stpeinli
Ilsametix o desRise mi o nsse tn penauit Romepa-
ne Rs ante ulpt ane ulmtntsest . UpmItopit LSI
IIsametix A'Sicpap% drn niAda upedeqesopsnst nop
nentps lantspa qaa nom a ulpit nop. Dap (Fiind
irb In timnse auesta monapxia Depsiairt se Into-
meiese tn Asia, insn din monapxii sid Wpictse th
Egint, mi'n clyhRs npoRinuie 11epsian.b.

PeRonsuiine Sqiuinop, Ilenuinop sat tlime-

pieop to Asia nui EIpona.
to timnyn aqesta doT nonsnl nsmepong num-
dirb o msnuime de ulpl m Asia mi Espona : a-
gag! norrant at (Fost SqiuiI mi getliziT saic 'lime-
pit. Sqiuit n'bRsi-a tn uipine Rape astle se ns-
mesic Tatapia mape mi Pssia asiathil. De aqi et
tpeit-spl tn Espona, mi se amezapl tn ulpine Ra-
pe se nsmesR Esnrapia, Pomtnia, Mondosa, Tpan-
sinnania, 13nrapia , flononia Hai Pssia esponaiRl.
Tot tn timnsn aqesta nip mi tn Media mi tn.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 28 )(
ulpine eT; dap pegene IliaRsap tT roni de agi. A-
naxapsis, (Fisn Ins! piffle Sgit, a 431)Rst o Rhiato.-
pie tn Fpegia, mi a trumuat dena Fpegt penirjie mi
zEiinue. Dun, dtnssn a mar Befit Asapis, Zamon-
Rsis ml anuir. Kc toate agestaa SgiuiT a 431R-st
mien% tnaintape fn zantspa mal mann,. ET epa
pssornigr, idonatpiT, dap Biptsomr. IT:minter dintp'
:ma se tndenetnigea x arpimintspa; gel maT 111101-
UT nomadism Rs tspmene nop de animane dintp'sn
Arm tntp'antse.-11enuir sait IlimepiT, Rape se mim-
Rap, tot tntp'sn timrz ics SqhiY, nitpsnzInd tn Es-
pour% imnonseapl o napte din Ilononia mi din Un-
rapia, mi gene mar mute nip! din Espona dem. a-
nss ml miazi-zi. Dap amezemintene /top gene mar
de Rinetenie a (lost tn (Dpanua de astia, snde
&air' ,nsmit FanT. De agi er tpeRsps mi tn Itania ,
ml neste pin tn gepmania. getnit tram epa sn no-
flA ; Ins% se tndenetnigaa mi it eRono-
mia animanenop mi its Etnatsn. Anaa oape Rape
zeitiuT, mi Rpedea nemspipea ss(FnetInsT. Bona
Aop, nsmiur Dpsizr, Rsetim oape Rape wiinue mi
Bapzil, noeuiT .nop ne tnssiina Rispayvii fassoIniR
npin Rtntegene nop.

Atena mi Snapta tn Tpegia amsnr na o stpl-

nsgipe mape.
Fpegit, dsrm ge sztimnapl rsBepnene monapxige
rg gene permniRane, se pi,dircap i. na o stimnsgi-
pe mape . Mena mi Snapta dontndip33 nstepe mi
astopitate tot mat msnti, tntpe statene rpegezur.
Dparron, IDISA din dperstopir ger maT tnanuY a! Ate..

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 29 X
ni, Aa 3361, dete natpii saAe o AeIisAaie, Rape
1.13S1 +iind +oapte amp) nz s'a nstst uinaa . Se
zitua Rs ageast% AevisAauie este stspis% ic smile,
nentps 10, attt nentps o BHb mape Rtt mi nentps
Ina miwi, sotva ostnda de moapte. Mat ttpziii So-
Aon, Aa 3390, dete Ateni o anti, AellisAauie mat tn-
ueneant73, mat omenit% mi Rape s'a uinst want
timir. K toate ic Atena epa penssAiwb , dap Hi-
sistpat, sn Atenian sorat mi enoRtent, npin sneAti-
piee saAe se 43.1)xx tipan ae Ateni. EA rseeptm
statze Rs msets tnueeengizne, irbzi Aegine Ala So-
Aon, npotette wiinuene, mi tntemeie Elea dintai Bi-
sAioteRl. Iii s9)/ ns se nstscri, uinea In atmeam/
uttepe; isBSlcnmd o peeoesu,ie, +zo, roniUl, mi A-
tena kap plume penssnift, Snaptani/ se deseoe.-
ta tn timnse agesta aim Awl...Le AzI AiRspr. Hen-
tps a nybpilini nstepea pegieop , tntemeFap% sn E-
olopat de 5 Elpsault. EY wisp, do plsBoae isinnte
jçg Mesenianil Begini/ Aop, tn Rape Tiptet, zn noet
Atenian, tT tnwspage npin Rtntettene saAe ; Mesinia-
nil se sipsipb nil amsnsepi tn stapea EAoainop.

KoAoniiAe FpeltiAop.
Ilpin desaoAtapaa RomeplmsAll mi a naBirauii,
Tpetril se .Asap% ne -spmene (Deniqianinop, mi tnte-
mei-ap% Rononil tn msAte AoRspl. Ileee mat tnsem-
nate epa twee dun) nybpginiAe Asii miql mi dena
mapea Naarpl. Et clondap% Kononit tn Acipiica ,
on Siginia, tn Itania de atos, n Snania, tn FaAia,
tn Tpauia mi tntp'aete ubpur. Aa AoRpi, o mono-
nie din Itania, Zanenc dete o Aegiseauie +oapte en,
ileAsantl.
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 30 )(
lisAtspa aptistileb mi kuiinui+iwb
a rpevieop.
In timnSA aqesta rpeqi! clutspi, tnaintlpt ma-
p! tn apte mi 1iinue. Tanes della Minet a cl)ost
nen d'tnttli's 4MZIK, veometps mi astponom Aa rpe-
lg. EA dinnpen K Sonon mi is anu/ ming?' se
nsmesx Axel 7 tnueeenill a! rpeqii. Dintpe apte
noezia a nsnmpat mat mull! RsAtiaatopT, tntpe ica-
pe ma! tnsemnaul stnt: Sac Fo, ApxiAox mi aAuiT. E-
son din Opivia a cinmst ciaassee.

AegisAauia lI Soeon.
Aevine AST So Aon mepitl o deosexit% Atape a-
minte. Snpe a Rznoame npeusA op, e destsA a a-
&tie de niAd% pe o Rtteaa din gene qiniAe. 13n
+hi nx epa datop a spini ne tale swis, dam) aye-
sta nen a trunuat Bpe o mesepie Ks Rape sib se
xpineasx.b. Avena tns% Rape, de mi a npiimit e-
dsRallie deAa Irbpinr, ns Rpm vet uie, epa sotto-
tit de incIam. Agena Rape tml pisinaa aRepaa se
soRotaa de nettinstit. Aetna se nedensea xa o Bpi-
Konii agenop getluenr, Rape micpea ffl SEM-.
Rene natpii, se Rpeinea Ks Rentsi-ana static/is!. Zes-
tpaa cletenop a pedsso na oape Rape sane mi mo-
Eine, nentps Ka s% se noat% mnita mi 43eteee sa-
pane.

PeAivia Medieop; Zopoastps.

Ks tntindepaa peratsma Medinop penivia Aop
se 4aRt itsnosRst% mi Aa anu,T nonsAT. Zopoastps,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 31 )(
sn om tnueeent, a pe+opmat peeivia anaasta, xape
xsnoizaa o 43iinut Bennix% din Rape at emit ante
do% 4)iinue: Opmszd, Innenitse mi isBopse a tot
sineee, mi Apiman, isBopse a tot pise. Peeigia a-
naasta se tntinse tn Asia npin monapxia nepsianl.
Honi Medieop, Rape tnrpima de peen* mi uepemo-
niiee el, se nsmaa Mai 11.

Peeigia Pomanieop.
Pomanit aii npiimit naa mat mape napte din pe-
A ivia Atop ilea sznepstiuioas% deea EstpssnY.Intpe
noni nop epa snit nsmiut Amp! mi Apssnint. Ile!
d'tnttrii npooponsa din sBopse, din RtnteRse mi din
xntincapaa nasepieop; net de ae doteaa npesestaa
Iiitopse mi minixwiee animaesest lie se adsnaa
iftepulm mi din npiBipaa maueeop est. Anaast% peei-
vie simnel s'a dessoetat xs timnse. Ks tnaintl-
pine mi Rs Ronpindepiee eop tn Espona , Acipixa
mi Asia, dzin, Rsm tmnpsmsta dana deoseBite na-
uit deoseBite osigesspl mi rmpaatpl , ast+eA ripii-
Elsa In peeivia eop peeiviine nonseieop Bipsiut.
Mitoeogia rpenaasx% mal ics seam, a tpewst intpaa-
rb ea dtnmit: /Itsnitep sec ?Hoe, Nentsn, Heston,
Anoeon, Maps, Mepxspie , Hisna, MinepBa, Bene-
pea , tiepes, mi aete zeirbut rpenewt, se clamp%
zeitlut pomane. Aa zeimuine stpeine Pomanit mat
adlorapi aeteee deea dinmit, in RA mumps). zei-
twieop tn tinanse A 1 / Bapon tpenca neste tpet-zent
de mil. Toate zeitluiee aBaa tenmeeee flop, noni
nop, uepemoniiee mi acept+eee Aop. Pomses de-
te nvinuieop o nstepe nenrbp5Einitu am-11)a xonii-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 32 )(
/top /Lop, in RA nsta-a sil ninvb tui sl'I otnoape
4 1431 pisnsndepe. Ageaseb eege de mi s'a mat
nmpvinit in spnm, dap tot se itins mim in timni
tipziy.

Illstpapea adenlpatel peeivil ea EB per.

De mi nonsnse ape*" mzind pon tua nepds
natpia , eineptataa mi nonstitsuia penigioasi, ; dap
peeivia lie a npiimit dena Dsmnezeii, s'a rmstpat mi
s'a intins map in miateowsn nenopoqipinop sane .
tninninipea npopoqii npopoqinop 'Fa tImIdsit
de idonatpie, mi 'ta intops ea Rsnominua adesipa-
nes/ Dsmnezet. ImupwAiepaa nop n'intpe nois-
e! idoeatpi a xontpissit inset snpe a se cl)aqe its-
Immo) peeigia eop.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 33 X

HEIPIOD IVii
Dena gipw Ilepsianwit, nin", na mapene A.
newsandps; sat dena +ondapaa monapxii
nepsiane, 'lin% na intemeiepaa monapxii
magedoniane Bite tpene niquine nwmi;
opl demi abse 3446 ntn% na 3648 dena +a .
gepaa awmil.

Monapxia Ilepsianinop; gips.

Kind statsn Medii mi an Basinonii din Asia
nentpan, mi an Aida din Asia milt", se a+na sn",-
Bite de etws mi impede de monignme, se pidiwapb
Ilepsiani, mi =Rap% pone insemnate. inmast", na-
uie +lc swats', ma intitt Asipii, ne wpm, 'an owl'
Media. gips, +iwn RIM rmepnatop nepsian, o in-
wwpave Ica s", swwtspe Ham mi Sla (Fie &wood.
Intp'o BItleie Bipzi ne MedT, mi ne psinine statw.
AST nop, na 3425, +on& monapxia Ilepsianinop.
Inwspaviat ws atmasti, isupaol nopogits, 4a 3440,
Bits ne Kpesw, pegene nen Borat an Aidii, mi wo-
npinse Asia mum. Dsns atmasta swnwse netluine
+enigiane mi Sipia, moan, BaBinonsn, mi +opm%
goo d'intiFt monapxie mape in Jame. Eopeinop
din BaBinon mi din ante ulpf wnde se a+na, ne
dete snoBozenie de a se tntoaptie in natpia top,
mi de a pezidi Iepwsanimik mi temuntn; dap "IN-
V.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 34 )(
ma! gel mat svatil dintp'tilluiT se +onosipl de
npine)1ran aqest. Kamnis spinItopta as/ gips, In
monapx slanatin Wi plsnolnix, aa 3458, nonpinse
Egintsa, mi'a adlorb na monapxia nepsiatm. Egin-
teni se penoatapl atm atiaasta de msate op/ tm-
npotina flepsianinop , Inn (lap, nig/ Sn 410A0S
Mat msat de tat Ramis s'a tnsemnat Dapie Istas-
ma. Fiesta aa 3476, tntpenpinse o esneditlie ne-
nopoqin, ueste thampe tinnpotina Sqiuinop; dap
aa tntoapqepaa sa ssnsse Tpatiia mi Matiedonia. Ea
clymos naan de a smusra mi rpettia; asemenea uti
lisepics 0.4 s, aa 3504, a nenit ns nstep/ nens-
invate xa sh o Konpinrb. rpeqi mem mtntsip%
Duna/ natpia, ronind ne riepsian/ din Espona ; qi
se nItspb ic dmini niap to &ulna Asii. Deaa phs
noaene aqeste nenopoqite its J2pevi, flepsiani mep-
seri) tot supe salnititime mi rbdepe . Astissa a
inoneluit ne petp mi descppurbpine at demopani-
zat pauia tntpaarl. Statsa se itiataa din toate
irbpgine. Biind mapene Aaeusandps m Asia, n
tinmsa land donnula Dapie Kodomans, iT dete o
nonipe mi'a psinl JCS tOtIA.

rpegi; plsBoaene nop its rlepsiani.

Ks Eft epa mal inape upimeindia qe se amepin-
ija rpegii din naptaa flepsianiaop, Es eft amopsa
de natpie mi entssiasmsa ainepttuil 4ns4aeuaa ne
I'peqt, mi XI atrt ma/ stplastiite at (Fost nd ni-
psinuene tie at pensptat desupe npvismaini aop,
iin desnpe apiniiee /top twee mrpozitoape. Ktnd
Dapie Istasnsa a npst s ssmnsge rpettia flu s o

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 35 X
adamle na monapxia nepsiarrb , fpeqi sss Roman-
da est Mintiad, ea 3494, pertsptapb ea Mapaton o
sipsintrb din gene mat stplestrite. KsepRs , sptnd
Tr, sneee psminua aquasta mi si, nedenscam, ne
rpeqt , Beni Rs apmit nensumpate tmnpotisa Aop;
dap Aeonida pegeee Snaptet onpi Rs Rtte-sa mit
de oament tog% nstepaa aqua mape , ea stpimtoa-
paa deea Tepmoniee, mi ne spun, nepi mi en Rs
tout Snaptiaui sil. Temistorces npirrbdi ea Sana..
mis toatb cpeota nepsiarm; mi Ilassania Snaptansn
mi Apistid Ateniansn ea Unatea sipsirb xs desb-
stpuripe, ea 3504, rie flepsiant , Dii mtntsipb rpe-
qia. rpeqi din Espona , tnRsparliaut ic atttaa is-
nfrbst nopoqite, Epp% SI) simile de ssR depsiant liii
ne 49paui eop din Asia mho,. flassania, tfirnon A-
vesieat mi anui dssepl snatma apmenop rpeqemt
tn inima monapxid nepsiane. Zeqe mit de rpeqt,
ea 3583, tpimiret awstop na gips (len ttrrbp tm-
npotin cppateest s.ht AptaRsepRs monapxsn llepsii,
se tntoapsepb nerrbtianaut dena Escppat rani tn A-
sia miwb. Biztnd Ilepsiani, Wb rpeqi ns se not
mama ics nstepaa, sembnapl nesnipaa tntpe &cr-
ud 1111 tt amstapb Ra sis se pbssolasra sni tmnpo-
tura aetopa.
PISBORf A. neeononesialc.
0 nisml Rem, qe domnea tntpe Atena mi Snap.
ta, a rpinit, na 3553, desRidepea Ins! rbssor-ii nt-
mit nenononesiax, ea Rape air es at napte mat toate
stateee rpeqemt tin xape tn speme de 27 ant a
nenopoqit tog% rpeqia. Aqest fassotil s'a nsptat

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 36 X
nentpi dpentlA de Eomanu-b a tpsneeop rpeqeraY.
In timnsA Rend rpeqia epa amepinuati, de IIep-
siani, aqest dpent tA aszse entett Snapta, dena Na-
pe te inni Atena mar tepzit. Snapta IIAiln de
pummape, sipsind ne Atena en inssone alien (1)a-
tan o nedensi stpaumix mi tt dete n rssepn de 30
tipanT. Tpasis.sA mmHg, natpia de nenopoqipiee a-
nestsr rssepn; dap n'a nictxt s o mentse mi de a-
tepnapaa de Snapta. Snapta semaawb a sinmpat xic
tp-sclia sa ne toate stateAe rpeqeml. Tem, sn stat
mix mi netnsemnat rims en timrrsA aqesta, smug-
tepniqinds-se npin administpauia a do/ natpiout
mapT al slt, Ilenonida mi Enaminonda, Aa 3621,
plsssn% rpetria en do% slthAit Aa Amapa mi
Mantinea. Dap en scFtpmit veAozia mi nesnipaa, qe
domnaa tntpe statene rpeeeng, a sAlnit ne rpetil,
mi AiussicA mi descppenapea 't-a demopanizat attt de
taut, en rat (Nein perleee Maqedonii realm rpexta-
te mape de a'T szn-line ics deslatinnipe maT tie tp-
Drb.

Stapaa xsAtxpel Aa rpeql en timni* mo-

napxiel nepsiane.
rpeqi, 'cape at slAtpmit isrIpBT attt de mins-
nate, assvb oament mapi. Intp'agernia se mtnnim:
Apistid, TemistoRAI, IlepirtAis uii Angisiad. It%tpe
aqestaa sromotsA plssoaeAop Irs'l a emniedircat ni-
mix de a denstpmi apteAe Wi wiinueee. Intpe ap-
tistt se tnsemnearb : Zemcsis, IIapxasie Wi Aneees
zsrpast, mi (Didias sxzentopwA. Tot entp'agest timn
a tntAopit noezia npin Anaxpeon, flirdap, ExiA

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 37 X
So +owns, Espinid mi Apisto(Fan. Dap in statene
pensseiwane rpevetal s'a wsntinat KS deosesipe liii
enoxwenua. tntpe opatopT se insemnearb Isowpat,
Demosten mi Eswin. He etnrs apte se desswipmi-
ps mi miinuene. (13inoso4da a inaintat npin Ilita-
ropa, npin Sompat mi npin Hnaton mi anui , }tape
emips din mwoana sT Sowpat. Istopia s'a wsetinat
de Epodot, Tsgidid icc Ksenoilon ; tap medigina
s'a clawst wiinwb npin Inowpat.

PenssAiwa Pomel; Diwtatspa; Tpissnatwn;

gene 12 tasne de ne111; notpisipaa nonitiwb
na dpentspr.
Pomani n'awea inwb npeporatisine &mull rpe-
nest" ws atita ma matt ttiss se rpssaa, npin des-
sontapea wonstitsuii nop mi npin psssoae, ge epa e-
nementsn Atop, ica ss se (Jass domnT 0 nsmi. An
mantenea petie an /Lop dena Pomsnw, nwmit Tap-
xsinie Ssnepss, na 3451, Is ronit din Poma wx
toats 41aminia sa, nentps ws sn Vic an sst a wsts-
mat qinstaa inel dame pomans nsmits Mwpeuia.
Pomani desVinuaps rwsepnsn monapxix, mi na
3475, intemeiaps penssnixs. DoT wonswnT, tie se
anetlea ne tot antn, epa *nsspginauT its adminis-
tpauia, mi Senatsn wonssnta mi denisepa toate tpe-
sine statwal. gel dintipt wonssa at 4)ost Isnie
Bpsts mi Konatintn sspsatsn Aswpeuii. Aa speme
de npimendie se anew-a mi sn Dixtatop ws nwtepe
nemptiinits nins se dewbpta npimeadia. nen d'in-
tft-isc Diwtatop s'a anes ea 3486. Cind ws natpi-
nil, Rape epa masa nosininop mi asc-Et toate dpen-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 38 X
tvpiee mi nstepaa tn mtna nop, assnpea tn msAte
Rump/ ne nnesel, Rape epa 110113AZA agemia, na
3491, dostndips dpent de a alma Tpissn, -sn dpers-
top naptiRsnap an nop, Rape sb'T anepe de nedpen-
tsuipine natpigiinop. Kx toate agestea natpigii tot
rssea npinemspr mi misieoage de a ssirbpa ne nne-
se!, mos iond agelzia gepsps Aeig sxpise Rape, Aa
3533, se adsseps din rpegia. Dobsapezege tasne
de neill epa toats negisnauia pomarrb. K pedaRuia
agestop Aegr, napte tnnpsinstats din gene rpegmar,
napte Asate din osigei-spine pomane, +Tips tnssp-
ginauT zege slpsaur, nsmiuT DegenisipT ; dap (Find
Rs agewia asszarb de nstepsa nop, nonsexe. pes-
Bleat geps ss se descpiinueze Degemsipatsn Wi lap
ss se npiimsasics (Dopmene sea 0 gsapts liii Asir-
ts Asnrs tntpe natpigir mi neesel a cpost, na 3717,
nentpx Konssnat , Aa Rape nnesei n'assa dpent .
HeBei npM stspsipe dostudips n Irma/ Konsw-
natsn, gi mi toate dperstopiine gene tnante a/Le
stabs/is!, npeitsm: Ilpetspa , Dixtatspa, Llensspa ,
Ilonti+ixatse Wi antene; Wi npintp'o /Lege limits
arpapie msnul dintp'tntni dostndips nponpietsui
din dominiine statxAs/ din nape se iponossa nsmai
natpigii.

Psssoaene Pomaninop Rs nonsniI din

Itania.
tri timmin tn xape se 4)sgsa ageste mimitsp/ Wi
sicimEmpT tn Amntpse statIENT , Pomani nsptarb
muite plzsoae ic nOni Betrinf x Sasini , ic
tatini, Rs Bonsgi y ic Etpssgi mi Rs anui. Ks-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 39 X
pawe nil epoismse a 4:vbx8t ne PomanI RipsitopY
ma! tot-d'asna. Epoi eop se incFluima in mseui-
me. Nsmeee AI! Raw Sgeimea, Xopauie Koicees,
Kopionan ea 3493 , ginginats ea 3530, mi aeui
imilodosesic (poi/Le istopii pomane. Ilisma ge epa
intpe natpir ini neeser, (Flgea liii ne sni nil ne
aeui Ica si se plssofasica, ne intpeRste. Xotapeee
statses! eop se intinsepi, mi getataa Poma Rpeizaa
npin adsgepaa de icononit din getwiee Ripsite, in
eolcse Ripopa se dsgaa aeteee din Poma. Pe Roe-
Wee nonseieop sat opr.ge aet ripeteRst iT imapica
in pissoae neicontenite. Ki-ap mi Senatse xiSta
npiqinr de pbssoae nentps a oRsna rindipaa iui
esitpapea neeseieop snpe a ns gepe dpentspr. In
pissowe ge'e nsptapi Rs getataa Bei, ea 3588 ,
eeuioaneee pomane, aeRitsite din metwenly npii
mipi atsnla nentps inttFainT dati neat% din Rasa
statzesf , snde mar nainte sesacsa RS Reetseeiee
eop. Dap pisuott mat insemnat a (Post gen icz qe-
tatua Bei ne Rape re isnpiii (Inpie Ramies, mi gee
us rani Senon! din Itaeia de sss. De agemia tn.-
timinds1 Pomani , lipens de Rmetenia raeieop ,
was apmia pomani, apse Poma ; dap Kauitoese ,
Rape epa getiusi-a gaa mar tape a Pomo, nVe mr-
ts sznIne. Kamims, ronit ne nedpentate din Po-
ma, aeepri din elisiese sit ic tpsne pomane, Ri-
tz ne Epens, roni ne FaeI, mi stipsi Ra si se pe.
zidaasai Poma.

India, Rina mi lanonia.

Aa pisipitse monapxid nepsiane epa India, Ki.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 40 )(
na mi Ianonia, Rape n'ai stitst num tepzit tri Bpe
o Au1t-41 de anpoane IcS ante state. Beximea In-
dianinop , a Kinezinop mi a Ianonezinop o dosede-
nge nsmIpse nop inn mape, mi Ryntspa Ina enain-
tat's, Lie s'a risit na el Rend nauiine Esponi, in
timn/ mal dinRoaql, s'at ins en penauil de anpoa.
ne ics dimui . Penigia Indian's rsnome o (pinto:.
enant's Hapaspama, din Rape at emit 3 cliinue Bpa-
ma, Biwa mi ffliBe. Mal este mi ants penigie ns-
mit% Bsdaism. In India Ica nri in Egintse seRt-is
nporFesiine sent morzenitoape.In Kina este peni-
ilia eV (Do, ue Rape a pecilopmato Kompsge, n 491-
AOSO4) mi nerp-sitop mape an Kinezinop. Kind at
intpat Esponei in Kina at rtsit mrsona , tinorpa-
clia, npairtin de nsancs mi ante insenuir 4/Ate de
Kinezr ii mut mal nainte de me ne ap 4)1 acFnat
Esponei. tn Ianonia penigie mal intins% este tot
Bidaismsn. 0 Aeve a statInsl onpenie ne Iano-
nezl de a Rieltopi mi a icsnoame ante u.spl mi na.
WI ; dap mi stpeini os sent ripiimiul nisi intp'sn
Rin a intpa in Ianonia.

Aegine menop 12 Tasee ane Pomaninop.

Aegine Pomane din tzene 12 Tasne, de mi Ram
sapsape, dsus timnsn ins% in Rape s'ai 4vbfat mi
arm Rsntspa en Rape se arDna Pornani atsnql, me-
pit% toati nazda. Adsrand spe o Rite-sa de ninth),
se noate Rsnoame npeusn tstseop. Hisderstopsn
Rape neinrpiacame upiginine de ursdeRati, , s's se
nedenscasxl. Hisdewsuine s% se isnplseasRl in-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 41 X
tp'o zi. Ilpieinege nos% s ns se mtpodus. He
sous& de noante epa snonod a'e omopt. Moini
ss ns se tnrpoane tnieblutps to opaule. lientsea
ea tnrporwmad si ns se +ass, in. q A.
Penigia; nIpmpine mi osiqempine
Hepsianinop.
llepsiani din sesime se tnsina na soape, ea AN.
irb pu a Stene. Intps qinstea soapenil apdea sn
cIos seqnis tn temune. Iloni Lop se lames Mayr,
Ka at Medinop. In penigia IIepsianinop intpap%
mime tnslightspl de ane est Zopoastps, dans qe
llepsiani ssmisepi, ne MedY. NIpasspine nop ea
*ngenst a +ost +oapte simnee. Ilea maY mape
rpineb a ACT epa edssauia iconiinop, nape ana de
mon ane +opma inima supe eiptste npin ninde. Ki
tntindepea Bipsinuenop tmspluimarb nlpaesp1stpe-
ine; somuiine nauiinop sansse tY osiqnsip% its
ANIMA, W xi tnqetsn se monemipl mi se stpisapb.

IIIstpapea ades.bpatel peniqit ea EspeT.

Kbdepea Basinonsnsl, tntoapqepaa Eupeinop in
natpia nop mi ante esinemente, s'at nttinneat in-
tome! dans upesestipea npopoqinop. Nenopoqipi-
ne tatmnnate air +lam asimpa apeinop o ast+en
de imupesie, n tot ng s'a maT issit La dtnmi
nita o spin% de idonatpie. l'n ast+en de sin Imo-
winua de Dzmnezet s'a mstpat newbtlmats na no-
nirnin &pet.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 42 )(

IHERIOD \VQ1
Deea mapeee AeeRsandps, nen% ea Isss
Xpistos; sac deea itsondapaa monapxii Ma-
nedoniene, nen% ea fmn.bpbuia es! Asrsst
Resapse Pomi; opY deea anse 3648, nen%
ea 3983 deea 43aqepsa esmi.

Monaplia Matiedonianl; mapeee

Aeeasandps.
In AORTA monapxii rIepsiane, mapeee AAexsan-
ilps 43opms en smipt limn a doa monapxie mape
en Jame nsmit% Mattedoniani.Maqedonia en timni
Bela a (lost its tate nessnosx-st%. Aa entoapqe-
paa est Dapie lstastrsA din esnediuia tinnpotisaSqi-
uieop, se 4Ems nposinuie llepsiani. Dun. iipin-
ua rpeqieop deea Ileatea, se missy], de eiseptatsa
sa; dap 4)s tspsspat1 de pesoesua din evsntpx,
Inns land se ssi ne tpon V,arn, tat'LA mapema A-
ceasandps. Aqesta pestatopniqi einimaa In imrn-
tps, uli ne spnri, ssnsse Tpaqia mi Ieipia. Amend
apmi! disqineinate mi sormuit destsee, qmws Dean
51, ssnse mi rpetna, qeca ve me/ 4)x its rpeik ea
desrimpiee mi demopanizauia rn Rape se a(Fea rpe-
vi. In nitmeia deea Xeponea, tie ea 3646, pe-
myth asinpa tpsneeop rpetzeizY, enrpon% eiseptataa
Tpevii, lid ea Kopint se aeese de venepanisim aA
tpinecop rpeneval, nentps ,esaedinia 40 ppm s'13 in-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 43 )(
tpenpinvb tinnpotiaa Hepsii. Kind (Imgea nperbti-
pine tpenzingoase nentps ageasta, se omopt. Moap-
tea AV (Nein a pidinat in nigoape ne rpegr, TpagI
mi hip!, na si snane de narzn Magedonii; dap A-
nensandps, nape na 3648, zpurb n-st Oinin in tpon,
IT sipzi in sitzpt timn, mi ne Ipm.b nue in esnpa-
pe manse tatInzt sbt de a &pima ICOLOSSA gen
nztped an Ilepsii. Aa 3650, tpenind in Asia miwb,
nivel ne HepsianT na Fpanins mi nonpinse Asia mi-
RI). Dims avaasta ii Eipti ea Iss mi nstpsnse in
Sipia. Airtt sisnlse metsuiee toeniviane, psins Ti-
pan, npiimi Icanitseauia Eepeinop din Hanestina, mi
irbtpinse in Egint. De aita, chns se nsse temeeie
Aa netatea Anensandpii, se intoapse lebtpe Escrpat,
mi ea Apseea usts nentps tic-a &us spun oar',
ne Dapie Kodomanx, nape in rpawb chin ageasta
se omopi de zn satpan ae sst. Monapxia rlépsia-
ns inqets de a maT 4i. Anensandps, inrim4mt de
atitsa nipsinue, ssnipmi pe o xite-Ba Epime rpoza-
Be ; omopi ne Ceota, ne Hapmenie mi ne Knits ve-
nepael insemnauT, mi ne Kaeisten. Ka slAuT late
de ageste +ante, a impopa achgepe aminte in ro-
ma upetztindenr, se npezmnnb npin 'wee ma de-
imptate nponinui/ ane monapxii Ilepsiane; nitpxn-
se in Sgitia mi intpenpinse o esnediiiie in India;
dap peaonta apmii in siAl wb se intoapwb na Basi-
non. Kind 4013118a nnanwp1 nentps nom Konpindepl
liii nentps opranizatlia monapxii sane, mspi na 3660.

lildepea monapxii Magedoniane.

Monapxia gaa mape, me a clondat mapene Anen-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 44 )(
sandpit, max npin sitemiepe. Dims nimie psssoae
Indemmrate, venepani 671 o tmaspuips en mg
mute perate, din Rape gene ma ensemnate at cl,ost:
peratse Egintiem7, Rape at tn4mopit Sas Monomer,
mi ma! tepziii se Ronpinse de Poman1; an Sipii in-
de at domnit Senewqizio rui Rape kapsuri se 4mws
mal ttpzit nposinuie Pomans; an Maqedonii nots,
Rape se Ronpinse de Pomani. A4aps de aqeste pe.
rate map! , s'at mat clopmat mi ante mai mild ,
opewsm: 2A Tpaqii, an Bepramsma, an Bitinii, an
Ilontwa, Rape toate se 4mRsps iit flaunt. npads
Pomaninop.

4 ott+edepauliee rpeqinop.
rpeci , a Rspop apte, miinue mi Aims,. Ate di-
se AneRsandps en Asia mi AcppiRa , mi venepani
ssl ne emnpswiaps en peratene nop , de Rend at
Rszit sin domnia Maqedonii, at clybRzt minte en-
nepRsp! supe a'ml domndi niBeptataa, mi se nspaa
iremi at domndit sRornin. Supe a se anspa ma!
xi isnpaBs, attt de Rstpe Maqedonia non), Rtt mi
de Rstpe anul Bpsatmamr, intemeFaps dos Roncle-
depauil: qaa Etoniws mi Ina Arains. Dap nesni-
paa qe domnea intpe dfnsene, Rip a dat npinew
Maqedonii Ica ss se amesteqe en tpenine rpeqii. In
timnin aqesta Biind Pomani trunpotiBa Maqedonii,
3778, deRnapaps ne rpeqf Limp!, mi ti Azaim sin
npoteRuia /lop ; dap mat ne xpms tY sinzseps Rs
apmene. rpeqia se +1101 npoBinuie Pomans ; la-
ma! Ateni i se nisi oape-Rape limps de nineptate.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 45 )(
Stapaa xsetspi ea rpegY tn timnse deea
mapeee Aeexsandpi inns ea Almrst.
Tspnxpspiee din lebirutpx mi nepdepaa eiseptb .
ui n'at tmnedixat ne rpetir de a sHoate tints oa-
men! map/ nape at exminat esmaa. Dintpe toate
miinueee, clieoso(Fia s'a xsetixat mat met. In tim-
irse ex/ (Nein a tpsit 4ieos4te Apistotee Vie..
niRIA .nst HAMM mi tnnsustopse Ica Aeexsadps.
&paps de agesta a tmFeopit Teo4past, Zeno Stoi-
Eye, EIIiRsp, Antisten, Diogen mi aAul cpeosop
)3esti10. Teoxpit, Apats mi KaAima a xsetixat
noezia ; Dimitpie Oaeepet s'a tnsemnat upin eeo-
xlenus, mi Hoeisie npin istopie ; kap matematexa
s'a dessatpmit de Esseid mi de Apximed. fitoeo-
mei din Egint a cFost map! upotextopY a/ apteeop
mi at miinueeop . El a adsnat tn Anexsandpia
vaa mat mape xiseiotexs a esmi de arum!. Elie-
da avestopa a spmato mi pegir ileprannes!.

Konpindepiee Pomanieop
tn Itaeia.
In timnse tn Nape Aeexsandps se npesmBea din
sipsinus tn Bipsinwb npin Asia, Pomani se rpsEaa
a xonpinde toats Ruda. thins lie notoeips o pe-
lmets a Aatinieop, Bipsijm ne Kamnaniany, ne Taet
nil ne SamniuY, mi Aoaips no Tapentinf din ItaAia
de mos. Ca atieste pssBoae se tnsemnaps xa tene-
paiJ mapt: Degie Maneie Topxsats, Ilanipie Kap.
sop, (14axpivie mi Kspie Dentats. Tapentini, ea
3704, stpimtopaul de Pomani, aiemap% tntp'amstop

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 46 )(
ne Mps pegene EnipsesT, Rape in dol RItleil At
EpaRnea mi na Bandosia snepie de o Ram darn AC--
gioanene Pomane; dap mg ne zpms, siptit Rs de-
smtpmipe .na BeneRent, se intoapse ic psmine in
stats s. Pomani Ronpinsep% toate Rononiine rpe-
gewr din Itania de mos; iip Ronpindepl mi in
Itania de sss , mi se nstea mwspa alma mi Rs ant
nonsn mat mape.
PIM:a-WA I IIsnix.
Dswb qe Pomani se (Ilan% stunt:a neste Ita-
Ala, 3720, se initspRap% in bSBOF it Kaptagene-
zi, Rononie Reim 43enigianl, in AsppiRa, dinupoti-
Ern Siginii, mi Rape Rs Rit snizise 010enigia, Rs at:-
ta ea se inmorluise mi se imnstepnigise, owsninds/
Rononiine mi inssminds'mr nerown nsmi Ks a-
gest nonsn AcipiRan mape mi nstepnix aRspl Po-
mani tpeT plsBoae incIpiRomate , ntmite Hznige.
Dpigina gees! d'intthi plsRoPic at 4:Jost Siginia, ne
Rape mi Kaptagenezi mi Pomani Roi-a s o Ronpin-
Th. In gene d'intilis' nosipl ne mape, Pomani, ne-
aRind (13.note mi neRsnosiond taRtixa mapirrn, ns
clmgea isnpIRT mapl.PiRdapea, stIpsinua mi na-
tpiotismse imnninea idnsa apteT; Dsinie Elt1 ne
Raptagenea ne mape, mi Pemns, sn genepan Restit,
tpeRs mapta Meditepanl in 44piRa , Rh inrpozi
Kaptagena, Rape, +iind Eipitb mi in ante noRspl 9
Imps mat ne Spam nage Rs nepdepT insemnate.
PISBOFWA II IIInin; Anisan.
Be Rind Kaptagenezi Reim sl se desnizisca-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 47 X
SH73 tn Snania de nepdepine din pusohicn tntaii, Po-
mani B13tea ne rant tn Itania de sss, mi se entin-
dea RI Ronpindepiee. Anisan Kaptagenezse, sIISA
din get maY tnsemnau/ venepanY a/ neximi, acIntn-
dsse ic apmia natpii sane tn Snania, rbeR1 nagaa
snxemt1 i Pomani mil na 3756, tpent neste flu-
pene! mi Ann/ tn Itania, Ica sa, pmssne smepenia
natpii sane din fassolse tntttg. 4n tpet Ra,ta,nit
map! ea Tigimc, Tpesea mi Tpasimene a tnrpozit ne
Pomant, 4n,p' at 4i sna,sit. DiRtatopse CoaRie Max-
sims, ea 3767, nexmci mset timn ne Anisan; dap
agesta tn R1t1bnia dena Kane, ea 3768, adsse Poma
tn npimeadia gea mat mape. NopoRsn thS1 ne a
tntoimplmit ne Anisan ntna, alum, a tpeRst Aa Po-
man!. Itonssnse Mapgees a troluat ne Pomant ss
(tie Ripsitopt tn toate nipuine tmnpotisa est Ani-
Ran. Kopneeie Sginion, nsmit mi A4piRansn
7118A din gel mat nestiul venepael Pomani, tpeRtnd
tn AcIpiRa, ea 3783, a sinit ne Anisan sa, nimsea-
sit Itania; Aa Zama te. Ripsi Rs denstpinipe, mi
Kaptatienezi nepspa, nage Rs nepdept (Doapte tn-
semnate. Dsni pusonce agesta, Pomani clmitsps
Snania, Siginia, Sapdinia, Kopsixa nposinuft Poma-
ne, an impopa minim) ss sinips tn tot KW-SA a'n
tmmseui.

PlsRoaeee Pomanieop Rs Magedonia; ic

Sipia; i Tpegi; pa,ssonsn 111 Minix.
'ha rpm, dun prissolim IIsniR an dotesa, ne-
vioaneee Pomane, Aa 3784, tpeRsph tn Magedonia,
imnpotisa est (Nein pegenst elo ne Rape itt. BipSipb
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 48 )(
ea Iiinosite+ane, npeRsm at niplit ma ttpzit mi ne
(PIA Mai Ilepset ea Ilidna. Magedonia mi hipia
se 4mirsin npoRinuit Pomane. In timase aqesta
Pomani , ea 3792 , tpeimpl tn Asia, -lade ea Mar-
nesia Rasp, ne Antiox III nsmit nee mape, pew-
ee Sipii , mi t1 pinip% um!. ARsm Beni mi ptn-
dim rpeqieop xa m se clawb manna pomant. ilpo-
teRuia qsa rpea, sm Rape rpenia ilemea anwatl, a
adzs ne rpeq! ea desnulmaisipe Ra s% ia apmeee
*n mtn1; dap spemiee gene cIpsmoase a ee rpeqii
tpeRsseim de met. rpeqi se sipsipl, mi natpia
A op ita mi aete ILIA ea 3938, se Om; npoRinuie
pomans. Tot tn timnse aqesta, mild mspi eisep-
tatsa rpeqii, Pomani tn insnotRe ae BT-esa miniit
psinapl Kaptavena npin Sqinion Emieianse, limit
AltpiRanze II-eaa, mi 4mRsiy1 . mi tn AchiRa o npo-
ninuie Pomatm . Asemensa intpsnsepl mi fn ra-
eia sat Opanua de astmt, mi em! tntemempi. nx-
Wpm Aop mi axoAo ; notoeipl pesoeta AI! Bipiat
din Azzitania , mi fmnimicip% Snania RI plinapaa
Dismantlii.

RopInuia nIpasspiAop pomane.

Dap xs zat Pomani at sznosxst tr1p1', nate! mi
()slump! stpeine, Rs attt tinspluimapi impaRspl
nom mi se stpiRaps. Ks tmmxnuipaa uposinuitAop
mi xs 33 Ipsapaa sorbuiieop Asmi tn Poma, se NI-
tpothise AIRSZA mi stpimmisnea , mi Pomani =ma!
minia xx stimmomi eop get simnel. Automia
de nonpindep! nom se 4mitsse natiml Aa &nun;
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 49 )(
nentps R1 opT-tte ton Ronpins% epa sn ispop de
norluie. Stpeini , mat xs seam% rpetri smnnsp.
Poma; eY sletpura toate tpeeine Pomaninop. Ka
ssnsmil rnc nstea s% Hmeasx% ne smutni .nop, clop
nig! ns nstaa s'b ne 43a1c% Bpe tn : se ansaaps
dap Sb stpige tinepimea pomarm a impst-a Rpetzepe
ne epa tnapedinuatb. Inzadap E%tptrisn Katon,
ilensopsn gen mat stpaumix an PomeT, miacnoqi AR
Senat ica s% se roneastm nedarovi mi meditri rpeta;
Pomani attt se oeignsisep% xs dtruni, tn rot In
nstea tpli. 4)%p% aptene nop. Ns e mipape K'b Po-
mani din timn sn. atiesta a* devenepat; mi x% nea-
Rtnd RfehattnamY Aa tridemtn% Rs Rape s% se inseo-
laSK13, at tine= a se plssoi el tntpe sine.
Pe+opmene lipaxinop; p'bSBOE-KA I EliBiA ;
p%ssonn rts Isrspta; plsRomn Rs tIimspi
tui Testoni.
tn Potna se (Fopmasein do% Rnase, sna a Bora-
uinop, Rape tplia tn toat% tmeinmsrapea, mi aMa
a swattinop Rape se acka tn Irea mat mape tirmeo-
mie. Dot (Fpaut rpaxt, Tieepie mi Kanr, se anima-
pa, na 3850, Ra s% tmusnIthueasx% soapta s%paqi-
nop npin negea arpapie, nil npin ante nponsnepr de
n etp (ponositoape. Dap spa sorauinop tmnpotiea a-
uestop perpopme epa attt de mape, tn xtt an apme-
n e tn mtn% omoptp% ne rpaxt uli ne naptizaninop.
PIM:MCA giBiA IntieMS ; Poma se stponi as smile de
an IteMueninop s%T. rporbeiine actestsT p%ssoti se
npeRspinap% ninnat din npirtina a do% plsBoae din
VII.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 50 X
a+aplp iinsA Aa 3873, Rs hrspta, n petje an N-s-
midii din iqpiria, Rape Hs sang a RSmn1pat Aeui-
oanene pomane tn Bpe o Rtte-sa ptndspr; mi ants),
mat rpozae, tot Kam Intp'agee timn, ics tinnspil tui
Testonii, dor nousAT vepmant , 'cape tncFpncomapi,
Poma. Anlindoi plssoaene agestaa .ne isnpbBi Rs
nopottipe Mapie, n venepan sestit, xpa nentps
sipsinua 1-Iimspinop uii Testoninop i se dete tans
de impinte an natpii.

PliSBOHCA Pomaninop ifli aAiawilf Aop; p1s-

E01-15A BS Mitpidat; plssown II itisin tntpe
Mapie iui Sina.
Dap fassoal mar rpozas amyl, Pomani , na 3892,
tn Itania its nonsni de aigt, Rape epa aniaur aY
hop, mi Rape Itepsa dpentspr de getiuenie poman-b.
Ktnd epa inswpsaur in pi)semwe agesta, .na 3896,
se pidisl assnpa nop sn Bpi:amain nstepnix Lui in-
d.splAniic intosmar Ica Anisan. A.gesta a (Fost Mi-
tpidat pegene Ilontsntr, Rape mph, tper plssoae RIC
Pomani, ntn% Hind se sipsi, se destmdlmdsi mi
se omopt sinrsp. Ageste pbssoae n'ait (lost atit de
KostVoape nentpt Pomanr, tat a (Fost plssons e. an
doresa Insin, ha 3796, intpe Mapie penpezentantsh.
neeseinop sai an svaitinop, mi Sina penpezentan-
tsn natpiqiinop sat an sorauinop. Ks npineis's h. a-
nests? vbssofii, Poma se staindl, in stnttene a sste
tie mil ttetluenl, mi mar m-snte u-bpr simuirb ne-
popogipea Ranitanel.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 51 )(
Tpismsipatsn I tntpe llomnei, Itpass tui
Isnie gesap.
tndat dsrm ninitui pea Pomel de rponaiine pls-
sofsns! xiisin, se isip-b tpet slpsaul map!: nom-
neFt, Kpass mi Isnie gesap, Rape tpasepl na sine
tog% frstepsa statsns!, mi (Poptnap% sn tpismsipat,
sat o snipe de tpet Blpsavr. flomnebt s'a tnsem-
nat tn pISECOFRA ni 131A tntpe Mapie mi Sina; tn pea-
sown xs Septopie tn Snania, snde se tntemeiese o
penssnitc'b deoseuiti; tn pssown its Ilipaui, ma.
pe neodixnc-a toate mpiJe, mi isnrbsi Ns nopotlipe
liii plssofsn din spin'', Mitpidat. lipass s'a tnsem-
nat tn plssmisn Tos aniaui!, tui tn plISBOFISA RI po-
si din Itania; dap nsme ma! mape 'in! at 4:vbxst
Rs Bormeine sane . Isnie Ilesap Aa (popmapaa
tpiSmsipatInsT, n'asea nig! mepitene SflEO, nig! so-
rtuiine qensFanant: irs toate agestsa en a eaninsit
its trigetse mi ne lns& mi ne antsn.
KornaspaQia As! Katinina.
In timirsn land Homnett se a(pna In Asia , tn
an tpeTnea pl,ssoki trEmpotisa &s1 Mitpidat, Katini-
na, sn natpigit ineeepat, Nape tin1 pisinise tog% a-
sepea tn des4)ptirbp!, na 3935, 4mas dinnpestrb
ics ante tosaimail asemensa sI sn icomnnot Ica SI
d&a (Fox Pomet , n omoape ne Ronson!, sb pis-
toapne penssniaa mi si ce(Dsiaswb. De aqsastb
npimemdie mape whim Poma upin npiserepaa Kon-
sin-sns! mi mapens! opatop gittepo, Rape .A113 ms-
slipl atit snpe a onpi issaitnipea icoumnotsns!, Rtt

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 52 X
mi sups a nedensi stpamnix ne tole Honnapaui.
Icatinina Lui apinia sa se npinidi na flistom.
Konsinatsn nsl /side tIesap; moaptaa /1st
Itpass in plssoHn xi Hapti.
Isnie tlesap, aaystat de Homnept mi de Kpasi,
se clmxi Konsse , mi atm imnninipaa ansest ad-
ministpauii sane, se dise in rania sat Opanua de
astir; ne Rape o snise, mi na 3934, o 431101 npo-
Binuie poman73. De aiid tpexs de do% opT Pinsn
in ljepmania, mi odati in Ansion sat' Anrnia de
astizr, snpe a simme nitepi pomane mi ageste
Ippr. tlesap Beni aigt xi nearyspT, xa npin Biptin-
ue nem! (limb mine , si stpinrb BorluiT, mi Weal
clopmeze negioane rata nentps toate sicontipiAe sa-
Ae. flomneg in timnin agesta ns se denlpt% din
Poma; kap Iipasi se dsse in Sipia, inde mecIrsi opT-
tnttmninb; mi ne ipm.b tngenind plssott xi
Hapti, o nauie siteam, xape intemeiese o tmnIpb-
uie nstepnirb dena Es+pat nin% ea India, (j)s
npins mi omopit.

Dsimsipatse I tntpe flomneg nil Isnie ge.

sap; plssobin III gisin; Dixtatspa mi moap.
taa Ala tlesap.
Mspind Kpass, Tpismaipatse se npeciews in
Dsimxipat, Bnipaa intpe HomneFt- mi tlesap n'a
uinst mint, xt toatl pidipaa qe epa intpe dtruni.
Amsiuia a :mains ne tlesap xa xi tpsnene sane din
Tania s me irnupotisa nsz Homnegs, s stpitle pe.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 53 X
nsneixa mi sl se (Farb domn ae Pomet. tngentn.
ds-se ae tpelLaa bSBOF qisin , ails% 4n,p1 rporh-
iiiine liens! dintpe Mapie mi Siea, Ilesap, ea 3936,
zipsi Aa troapsaea ne fIcennet-ii , mi sotlpt soapta
pensbnigi pomane. Dun, agsasta tpews tn Erkint,
dsn% Homnea, Rape cFs omoptt aiql; sipsi ne Ilto-
Aomet Dionisie peveee Evint-sAll an fasson-A ns-
mit aneicsandpin , mi pestatopniqi an dpentspine el
ne 4rmoasa Keeonatpa sopa est Iltoeomet Dioni-
sie. De aim! gesap se dzse tu Asia ea llont, snide.
sipsi ne peveee (Dapnax, nape se pidixase Rs o rb-
nnanius de nomneFanT, mi ne spnyb se antoapse Aa,
poma. Mmt ns ZIBOBI mset, Wi clas sinit a tpeqe
an AcDpiical %tide nime natpioult Rad, an1p1topl al
peussniqi, 4A)qaa nperitipl amnpotisa domnii ox
1lesap. tlesap Y Midi, mi Kato, snse din aget pe.
nsneixant, nensttnd tpli de xtt tn eineptate, se o-
mopt sinrsp. DPI% tntoaptiepaa ea Porna, tlesap
se thise tn Snania, slide se adsnasepl nomneleni
szx nomanda a dot 4it at mapenst Homnebi. D's-
ni me ±T sipsi mi ne aqeinia, se antoapse ea Poma,
mi se nsmi Dixtatop ne iau1. EA epa mama domn
desIxtpmit an Pomet; mi tntp'adeirbp, claim pens-
neixa ns se mat nstea uinaa mi Pomaninop AO tpe-
nom sn monapx, atsngt tlesap epa gen mat .
Dap gesap ns se mseusmi ici ape toati nstepaa Lui
domneize ica sn monapx; mi Etna mi titese de pe-
ve mi Ropoana. 1n timuse agesta se cilopm.b t m-
npotixa est sn Romnnot, an Hipn-a siscleet epa Ka,
sie mi Bpsts, mi gesap, na 3940, cIs omoptt tn Se-
nat xx 23 pane de iinitene iconmspailiAop.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 54 )(
Tpismeipatse II tntpe Antonie, Aenids mi
ORtaRian; pssRokse ae IV Cele.
gesap se omopt, dap soapta Pomi ns se trims-
nstsul; pensseiRa ns se Ina/ nttea uinea : Pomel
*I tpeesia n domn. Dsns moaptaa ell gesap se
pidiRaps tpeT amsiuiotuf xape clopmap% ae 2-Asa
tpismaipat snpe a timrspui nstepea Pome/ mtpe si-
ne. Atimia at (lost Antonie, Aenids mi ORtaRian,
nenot de sop ae Es1 tIesap. Ks ttopmapc-a tpism-
mipatse-s1 wrests-Fa se tnnoips toate rpozsBilee pss-
sm-sel1 gisie. 0 mseuime de getsuenY Bud se c-
moptpb. Porna tnnota tn stnge. Hasie mi Bpsts ,
4/Ands-se ea pssspit, stptnseps apmiT map/ xa
si pssnsne Poma mi ss mtntsfasxs pensanixa.
Dap ea Iijini, a 3942, se eipsips penseeiRani.
Kasie mi Bpsts tmer mar din wpm, Poman/ se omo-
ptps, mi Tpismeipi nstsps aRsm tn nage Si m-
napus tutpe sine toate npoRinuiiee pomane.
Dssmaipatze II tntpe Antonie iiii
ORtaRian.
ORtasian ma! BilfAeall de Rtt toRapsini1 , de-,
mos ne Aenids din tpismeipat,mi tmnspui nsmal
mcs Antonie togs Asmaa pomairs. EA Ali antste
Dal etr Antonie a dete pisspitse. Kind Antonie
netpetma tn moeitawne Rs Keeonatpa tn Egint, OR-
taRian rabiCAOtli Aa Senat Ra se't deReape psssogi.
Antonie mi Reeonatpa, ea 3953, se Ripsips ea AR-
mi se tntoapseps tn Egint. ORtaeian */ roni
mi sewn, AneRsandpia. Antonie se omopt sinrsp,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 55 X
asemenoa (1131it mi Kneonatpa. AtThriT ORtanian
npeclarand Ellintse tri npooinuie pomani, se tn-
toapse na Poma, de snde nstea axsrn sinrsp 5% dom-
noastm neste tog% nsmaa pomanl ; Rig/ mina/ epa
nig/ sn pioan nape sl'1 disn-ste nstepaa monapxiim..
EA npiimi nsmene de Asrsst, mi ssa titns de Ile-
sap ird Imnepatop, tmaiplui neste toati ttnnipi-
ilia pomani.
Stapaa Rzetspi na PomanT tn timnsn
pensEnigi.
tn timran exinementenop tlittmnnate arm pis-
BMA irsnix an doTnea, se 4mxs o mape sximRape
tn xsnorginuene Pomaninop. Dena I'pela tmnps-
mstapi apte mi raiinue, din Rape snene se Rsetioa-
im ris msnm nopogipe, tu rat e/ n'air' closost mina/
sipsitop/ a/ A81111, III IIII nsminitopt al eT. Ns n--
mat msnuime de tmaluatit rpeta smunspi Poma,
tri mi tinepl pomanT din claminiine gene ma/ tn-
semnate Bizita Fpetria, mi se tntoptraa nnint de idel
mi xsnorainue. Ainma , xsetiotnds-se xs tntretsn
de xltpe deosexite sispiitopT, a aaans na gaa mat
tnanti desiotpmipe. Dsrm 500 aril' dena zidipaa
Pomi, Aithe Andponixs sapise traa d'tnttrii Romedie
sn ninma pomanb, xape epa yea natini. (Danie
Ilixtop sRpise gene d'tnttrii anane a ne istopii poma-
ne. Enie a nisat msnte sxpiepl de noezie. Bitpt-
nsn Kato gensopse, Rape epa Bpmanaiu netmnixat
an Fpeginop, Romnsse sxpiept istopige mi o Rapte
assnpa arpiRsntspe/. Ilnastt mi Tepenuie air des-
d2itat Poma npin Komediine 'top; lap Asapegie tn-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 36 X
tp'er nOtrill 4rmoas% a +inoso(Dat desnpe nahipst
.tompspinop. Dap ger mar map! nitepauT at truFno-
pit mar ttpzilt In timusn AI/ &nut. Tutpd agenlia
se nsmIps: Biptiie, Opauie mi Oniclie, (lepsntaa
noeuinop pomant, den% Rape Bin Katsns, TiEgJ mi
ilponepuie. Enorisenua s'a RsAtiBat de mutt; dap
Aa tpeanta gea ma! tnants a desiotpmipi s'a pidi-
Rat de Iligepo, Demosten an Pomaninop, mi gen
mar trunuat om an Pomer, dena Rape at plmas
msnte cIenspr de sxpiepT . Istopia tnas a awst
sapiitopi s'br. UnIn din ger mar tnsenmaur a (I)ost
&nude . Ernie Ilesap ne a nuat sxpiepr desnpe
puBoaene sane; Kopnenie Nenos a sapis siorpap,
mi Tits Aisie a Romnss o istopie poman% derrninl,.
ripe xtt Pomanit at domndit rsst mi s'at tndenet-
nigit KS Aitepatspa, upe attt a seaotit 0 mosopape
nentps dtnmi de a se (Noma wg aptene, npexsni
xs apsitextspa, sxsAntspa m. tr. A. ne Rape ne a Al-
sat s% ne RsntiBe rpegi nentps a In+psmsseua Po-
ma in gene mar Iclannige nanate mi gene mar (Fps-
moase nodoaBe de sRsnntsp%. Dap Rs Agrsi. xpes-
ic mi demopanizauia. Ilaptaa traa mar mape a no-
mien, mar xs scam% ger .noraur, se tmlnea In ge-
ne mar map! des(Fpnmpr mi se tntina xs tot +elan
de Rpime. Aeuine ns 4)onosea nimix snpe a onpi
stpiwbgnmaa ge tnainta Rs nasspr spiame. ilons-
nIn de ptnd epa slpaR , Aenem, mi tptfa mar xx.
seam% din Banit Rs Rape Swan mi anttA ristea si'n
icsmnepe. Ns e dap mipape xi, tn astcpen de tm-
npeassppl, pensanhca a tpensit s% wavx, uji tn AO-
KO SI, se trupiinueze monapxia; RIM Pomani ne

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 57 X
mal 44ind tn stape de a se ropmsi el ne sine, Ae
tpenta neanvat sn stlutn, In trinmpat.
DeoseBite eBinemente ane Espeinop ntn%
ea wt,depea /Lop sin Pomani.
Enpei dsna, ye tpeuspi, de On domnia IIepsia-
nieop stst a mapensl Aneusandps, durb moaptea
ayeststa izim ssri Pegi Egintsmil. lien d'tnttig
Btoiome pdiwb Ba ripe o 30,000 din Ilanestina
mi tX dsse ra S'b imuonseeze Aneusandpia. Mono-
m6" tDinadeAlirsA a stIpsit Ki; rapuine nop gene
s(linte, adirm EiBeia, sl se tlAmlyeaswb tn niuma
rpeyeasim. Maim peAigia nop nstaa SI se (Faul,
nii mat usnostist1. De rim IltoAomel Espei tpe-
zap% S7513 pegi Sipii. UDIA din ayeizia, Antios Eni-
(Ian, a Bpst sn't sineasus Ica st se neuede de penigia
stplmowasul mi si3 se timine Aa idoel; dap el
sss nime epol din criaminia MaBaBeinop, se anpa-
pee jçg attta nopoyipe, In tut tml dostudipl Ainepta.
tea mi rap iTiondapi3 n perat. Nesnipea ins% tle
/I slitwia 'm dat tn meneee Pomaninop. Atzelzia
run% Aa n timn It Alsap1 s OBI peg!, din nape
yen mal tusemnat a (Fost Ipod Yen mape; dap mat
no spun, adlorapl Ilanestina Aa nponinuia Sipia.

VIII.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 58 X

I1EIPIOD 171.
Delia nanlepea es1 Isis Xpistos, ntn1 ea
Ri.depaa tmEtepesii pomane de ants; sair
deAa monapxia esr Asrsst, ntn1 Aa nene-
dipea napsapieop, mi tntemeiepea nosleop
state ne psiniee tnarrEpluii pomane; op/ de-
ea alive. 1 ntn% ea 476 chin% Xpistos.

Naizepna Asi Isss Xpistos; penigia

'yen 2iirn.
75nsA din eninementeee Irene ma1 inmoptante,
Rape a sitimnat rna mi a xotIpptt soapta omenipi,
a +ost tnterneielma peAiTii Rpemine, ne Rape Isss
Xpistos (Diu es1 Dsmnezet, Ronoptuds-se din gep,
o tmnimmie to Asme snpe mtnts1pea oameninop.
Ilpenestit de mut de npopoin UI1 an2entat de tom%
AS111E-a, Xpistos se ubsRs tn zineee As1 Asrsst le-
sap, *12 13iteeem, tnt Iluestina. Agest traluitop
dmunezeesR, tn tinmsA Rtt a npononeds:t tn Asme,
a dat oamenieop Rsnotninua tina ma/ desIntpmitl
desupe Dsmnezeii. Des(Diinutnd R-sAtse s mnoeiR
aA Enpeieop Liii uepemoniiee de npisos, a nopIngit
oamenieop xa Sb se-sin-amt.]) es1 DInmeLeir EN Mi-
me Rspatl, Rs (Fante ssne un ici maul 4tnti).
(Iiridj RI) na tmnixa mam-se omenesR WI( Dsm-
nezeii, mi t1 Ea dontridi dapu dirmnezeesit tie'e nep-
dsse. Xpiistos (Di Rs mute minsnr, npin Rape do-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 59 X
nedi tpimitepea sa din gep, mi neste tot npedims
mopana gea mal notpinitl de a dsge ne oamenr
na siptste mi (pepigipe. Dap Eapei Rape, tn AORSA
nal, amenta n npinu nstepniR, tn npinipl de nplm-
mam an penivii nop ; tA ronipi, tn plstirnipi ne
Rpsge, mi en mspind Ica n om, tmnAini xotiptpea
AS/ Dsmnezeii, Rape npea Ra moaplea (Fisns/ si si
(tie miasnoRsn de tmnbRape tntpe dtnssn mi tntpe
Asme. Dni tpeT zine Xpistos tnnie din mopuT, mi
se tninui Aa gep , de Inde nenise , tri nedepea A-
nostoninop sai a sgeniginop sit, Ge Rape t/ tpimise
Ra si meapri tn toati. Atmea mi si upedige peni-
via sa gea s(Ftnti. Ageasti peniuie ge s'a nsrnit
Rpetuiwb, jg toate ici a (Fost ronits de nonsni i-
donatpii mi de Enpel, de tmrnpaui Pomel mi de
dperitopi el; dap tn timn de 300 anY, se tntinse
tn toati tnumpluiaa pomani, tn lute tpene nIpui-
ne Asmi, mi ne spill se 4rbxs penivie domni-
toape a tmiripbuii . Hpiginine de rbuetenie ane
rpanniger tntindepl stnt: isnopsn el gen dunneze-
esR, Biaua gea Rspatb mi scttntb a genop d'tnttfii
RpeminY, Rape tplia notpinit Kg tnnluitspine tn-
temeietopsAst e/, moaptea a minioane de msgenigr,
opranizauia Bisepigi Rpemine, mi puma Rs Rape get
d'tnttii npeout mi EnisRon/ se stpidna sripe ims-
tpapua adenipatel mono:Asp/ a AsT Xpistos. Dap
oameni , dgrii wsm auszezt de toate, clybRspi aesz
mi ic ageasti penigie dsmnezei-aswL. Epetigi s'at
ansRat si o Ropum, mi anui aii Dim si cflawb mal
mset de fat nopsugsa ea. Ic-s timusn a upiimit o
mseuime de adaose mi npisoase. He spnrb /and

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 60 )(
s'a cliwyst peAkde a statsAsI, se inalpal de (Popme
mi de uepemonil, mi mopaea el nea sclInth ns se
Elm. In saanm. 1n siltpmit sni din nimultopi
el, dintpe nape ge/ mat tnsemnaul efid Enissoni,
smitniut de anziuie, o scBtmiap% ci.oapte rpozan ,
mi dsxsA a gee de Hrsipe tui de nage se nepds.
Imnzpluia pomanrb ssnt Asrsst.
tanrbpluia pomanl sEnt Asmst, in timn de 44
ant, s'a Esnapat de nage mi Ainitue. Epunsine mi
tspEsplpiee din Alsntps tngetapl. Eoraui anaa 0-
diane, mi npagi npiimaa ntInsa mi assa npineniml.
Aunt a Alsat tu (pow) toate +opmene peassAiRa-
De; en s'a msAusmit nai ape toam nstepaa mi Wb
domneme sinrsp. EA a (lost sn tabpe upotentop
ae aptenop mi at. iziihuenop. Oameni Aitepaut,
penomendauz de ministptn 81 Megenas mm cIano-
pizaut de dtnssA, It tpimsiva AasdeAe rain Aa map-
cdniee tinummuii. Pomani (PIA mseusmiut las
se mat rtndaa Aa pensneirb. th timnsA A-ai As-
rsst, Pomani nonpinsep% lIanonia sat Unrapia de
,asturp mi Mesia sa% Eserapia mi Sepsia; dap ci-
lia's-0 jmsioi Ijepmani., nomandatg de Apmenie
I
sat Xepman, se thpsica. rpozan.

I'mnzpaui din clamieia AEI Asrsst.

Dun moaptaa Ask Lima , tmirbpluia pomana,
ass a ss(Fepi msAte nenopogipl dena Begisnigi SIX
ssugesopl. Tinepie 4i svit adontin, Aa anse 14
dun) Xpistos, a ("lost En descIptuat 4api, mapvinr,
-an ttlaap nepsudiaat mi n sgiram neminostia .

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 61 )(
Iianirsna smesopsn est Tisepie, na 37 d s., a eFost
sn nessn, Rape npin (pante stopnase a ntnripit
tponsn tmnipbuii mi a nenopogit ne Pomanr.
Reasdie an tpernaa tmnipat, ea 41, (Pind sn om
snas, se EMI si se noapte dsni som-a a doi msepl
des+pmate, Mesanina Wi Arpinina, Rape rssepna
tnumpiuia tn nom, KO. In tininse agesta Epita-
nia se 43iRs nposinuie pomani. Dap an natpsnaa
smrripat dsni Asrsst, mi gen mat din span din
claminia Aar, na 54, a (Fost Nepon, n tipan dem-
Btpmit. Desfiltnipine, ttnxipiine mi sAndepine est
gene rpozane a akians .na nempepipe. Aegioanene
din nposinuir se pesontapi nfl nopnipi Ra s'b suane
Hi:m.1)04a de dtnssn; dap en se omopt.
tranipaui din Iliaminia (Dnasia supiminesR
fmnipiuia.
Dsrm Nepon, In timn mar nsuin de In an, deo-
sesitene apmir din nposinuir anesepi tpel tmnlpaut:
l'aena, Oto mi Bitenie, Rape nepipi tn pissoae gi-
sine. Imnipluia, Rape npin tspsspipine atrestaa
se RnItaa din temeniine sane, (Fs snpiannith de Bes-
nasian, na 69, tmiripat tnuenent, sitsaz mi mapi-
nim. Tits (Fisn s, na 79, o (Flicw asemenca (Fe-
piitb tn timn de dor anT aT rItnepnvill slit; mi din
npigina nitii mi a ssner Boinui sane se nsmi
descFitapc-a naamsnsr omenesR. Ssugesop an Al!
Tins a (Fost Domiuian cppatene sit, .na 81, Rape se-
mina mar m-sAt ics Nepon deRtt ics dtnsse. Dsni,
tie omopt destsr oamenT I +s omoptt nii en npin-
tp'sn Romnnot.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 62 )(
Timnse de asp a mu1pLuii pomane.
An811.1 tnlimpluia poman% se nopoqi de ming!
inumpauf BpedniqT. tleA d'intn-ii a (Post Nepna ,
na 96, Nape Bs toati BsnItatea sa, (Piind seas mi.
Wpm, clams' ems in tpon ASV Tpai-an, na 98. A-
vesta nentps minostinipea sa s'a nsmit gen ma! Elm
dintpe inumpaul. En a Konpins Daqia, 4vmand'o
Bponinuie pomanl; a Bonpins mi ApaBia, a Bitstne
IlaptT, mi a suns Dui ante noRspf in Asia dinBono
de Tirps. Adpian ssnqesopse si,t, ea 117, maa
dpentatsa mi se sini a mepita mipsa sznsminop.
En +1148 Bi,eltopie in toat tmirbp1Iia snpe al its-
noeize stapea, liii snpe a 4)aqe indpentmal snde se
Rsninc-a. Antonin Hi, a 138, a (Fost -sn tapinte
Bsn ui dpent an ssnsminop s11, mi a cpost omse
gen mat mape din mu/ a rsBepnat imrmpluia .
Ssimesopse Fht Mapws Aspenie, na 161, s'a nsmit
ui (Dinosocp nentps inuenenqumaa ui ianowinuene
sane; dap en airs mi ante tanente ui Biptsul ane
rniT Bsn npinti mi mape tlenepan. 1u timnse rs-
BepnsesT si o msnuime de nonsa IlepmanT isBi-
lTh notapene anyinprouii ; en it Bipsi ic popoqipe.

SelBipea amnbpanii pomane.

Ka attelaT ging! imrnpaut se isninnipL upemi-
ne gene (J)psmoase ane imrrhpbUii pomane. Ilea
mat mape napte din smarbpalli sparbtopr Jpi nime
mime! mi nenpedniqf de a rsBepna. Aegioanene ,
an wbpopa (Daaop se itsmnIpa de msnt Rs Ban!, at
ingenst a +age inumpauI dsurb Bow nop; rui a-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 63 X
mop:p1 ne upe o Rtul-ua din gel ntrnl, nape a Bpst
91) pestatopnigeze disginnina minitapi) tntpe dtnse-
se. Dol nonsnl stpeinl, na miarb noante gepma-
ni, wsnonsul sss ninnipsa de EapRapl, rui na fast-.
pit flepsiani , Rape stpiRapl) trrintpluia Ilaptisop flu
tritemempl ne a sop, issaa ne Pomanl neRontenit,
mi et stpiNaul mi degenepaul n epa tn stape de
a se tmnpotisi. Ki)tpe agestaa se tnttmnna tn .ta-
Intpse tmummuii peuonte dese, nape o SA.33E8ii
cloapte mut. In finnan negisniRsma rasien, sa
239, tperzegl de venepaa mi rtRepnatopl de npo-
uinui/ tug tnssmipl) astopitate imnepiael: genenan-
te input ane tmEmpluii epa tnneRate de Ijepmant
mi de Ilepsiani.

Inmpluia poman% se pidix% ssut tine-

sian, DioRnetian mimapese Konstantin.
Inumpluia pomani) swum din Rpiza rbdepi sa-
ee npin tanentene a tpel tmnIpaul: Aspenian, Dio-
Rnetian mi mapese Konstantin. Aspenian, na 270,
pen:win) toate npouintliine *pi) de Dagia, ne Ra-
pe o iisi npach napnapinop, mi se nsmi pestatop-
nigitop an tmnIpbuii. Dioluetian, na 284, 11.813 tpeY
tosapianY , Un tmrnpui ics dtnmi tminpluia snpe a
o nstaa ang)pa ma/ Rine. Sxxgesopi sg)/ o apt].
Haim tn tspsxml norb, ntn% Htnd Konstantin, mc- .
mit gen mape, doutndi tponsn ea 323. Agesta Ai-
nimi tinrmpluia din Awantps, ntS ne sprimsmaml
dena xotapene el, npiirni xpeminismsn, mi (Fx gen
tnnybpat xpewin ; zidi lionstantinonossn
snde mut) pezidinua din Poma, mi tndatopm ne

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 64 )(
Pomatir mi ante (parrepr de Bine. Su 43ii at!
ITV

ger nespednivr tnumpluia nepds mrtepaa ye o dete

tatIn nop. hnian, na 360, o tmnstepnivi din noii.
Avest tnumpat area tanente map/ iiii Rtanit1U1
deosexite; narssa, Lamar in s'a intat npirl Aern-
dapsa sa de xpetuinism, din xape npiqin s'a zis
mi Anostat.
NIuldipsa vaa mape a nauiinop sapnape tn
tmnlpluia pomanl.
Inrpam, thin Iian, stxt tmnIpattn 13anens
na 375, s'a tnttinnnat nIrrildipaa vsa mape a nauii-
.nop sapsape, Rape ',mind tmulpluia pomatm sal-
sal, 0 s(Ftniiap% liii o Rotponipl J totsn. Avea-
st% nInlidipe at' npivinsito Xtni, nonsnMonran
din Asia, nape tpeRtnd ne Aa Don, Bonra mi Dun,
pe rn Espona, a tmnins wEtpe anss mi miaVE-zi na-
uiine uepmane ve se a+na na Dsnlpe mi Pin, mi
avestaa neastnd trniltp'o amma , a zmnidit tn
na,sntps tn tinimpluia pomanl. Din aveste nauil
Eapsape roti a tpeRst mar tnttiii Dsrrbpsa,
plalpsat neste tot pulpitse tmnIpluii.
TmnIpuipsa tmnpuii pomane de mape-
Ae Teodosie.
Ittnd nismItate tninIpluia pomanl epa xotpx-
nit], de rot!, na 378, se (Irma tnanvat Teodosie,
nen mape. Avesta Bits ne rot!, As7, mar msnte
mir dintp'tnuii mi tr amestexl tn apmiine pomane,
mi tn asupen de xin iiiniii rmlmpuia. Teodosie
a dontndit mepite mi nentps penigia xpeutinl; en a

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 65 X
dat Yea mat din spins nositsp idonatpii sat nirt-
nismses1; dap +IR% o rpemans mape Wb tmnipui
tmnipluia tntpe me/ dol VT at nt, Onopie mi
ApRadie , nii nspuine el ns se snip. Aa 395 g

ApRadie Arb tmnipiuia pomans de pssipit, mi

Onopie ne gee dena ants. Amtndol d2iind nestpst-
niql, Teodosie ne dete enitponr nime sipEaut, Rape
epa BpaanamT nepsonann iI ApRadie tl dete ne
Pulin de nauie ran, mi iI Onopie ne StiniRon ,
Rape epa de nauie Bandan.
Ksdepsa smnnpna.ii pomane de arils.
Ne-snipaa qe domnaa tntpe ApRadie mi Onopie,
mi mat Rs seams tntpe Enitponi nop, a dat npiqi-
ns Ea Eapnapi si Fa dipeRuie Ritpe miss , mi ss
rpincesits Ridepaa tmnipuii pomane de axono.
Onopie BLZ la Old KIII11 roti npdaps mi aseclisips
Poma, mi lam anuT sepal)/ t! pinips mi tf Ro.
npinsep nponinuiine inn dsni. ante, 4)13ps sg, noa-
ts a ne sta tmnpotins. SsE Banentinian Ill, .na 423,
Xsni epa sg, Ronpinzs toats tmnipluia 9 delta ns o
sRsna Aeuie venepanin poman. Ks toate agestaa ,
Poma tot ns nits sitina de ma+spine ne't (Film
IlensepiR pecjene Bendaninop, Rape clys Riemat din
A4Ipixa de EsdoRsia tmniptaasa ENT Banentinian
tmnpotina szspnatopsns! Mani= Iletponie, warn-
nan Bipsatuar si. mnipluia mipvinits nsmar
tn ItaAia tipirii tmo, nsuinten , ntng, Rtnd Odoa-
Bps , sn venepan napnap , de Rape se acima mule
n apmia pomans, na 476, detpong, ne Pomsns Mo.
Ix.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 66 )(
mina sat Organs, gen mat din spm% tmnIpat,
deo fmirbpluii gaa mat du% spna noeitspl uti
47 palm xx totsn,
Stapse K;Atspi A a Pomant tn timnse
tmnIrbuii.
In timusn tn Rape tnurbpaui, sondaui nil nonsni
stpeint nsupa snpe a dIptma xonosse gen mape an
trnulpLuii pomane, se mat acima sni din tmnlpaut,
Rape npoteljea ASHimpine dsxsntt; mi tn gene dol
asaxspl din tti-t s'at a+nat msnui sxpiitopt pomant,
"cape, sxtpsiut de tpexine nssnige , se tndenetnigea
:la aiaua upisat% as nitepatspa . n noezie s'at tn-
semnat: Aincan, 'bedp ic cFassne, Ilepsie mi ?Ks-
senan i satipe, Mapuian R enirpame, mi anut.
Ksiutinian a sxpis persnt assnpa enoitsenui. 114i-
me gen eltpt4 a Allsat o istopie natspani). ELtinie
net. ttimp a sapis naneviphisn nst Tpat-an , mi ne a
nbsat mi sicpisopt 4mminiape. In Istopie Tagit a
Aoatpwit ne tout istopicii. Ssetonie a svis Biorpa-
4iine genop din ttlt ilesapt . Ksints Kspuie a sxpis
isLopia mapenst Inexsandps, (F.op nil Isstin at
klYbast estpaxte 4e istopie. Ilomnonie Mena a stspis
as;npa ueorpacbii, ilenss assnpa Mediginel, mi Se-
oaexa asxupa clinosocFii mopane. Dap mpasspine
PomaniAop SC stpixapl i tam tn epemea allarap,
SUL Asessn ns mat xinoinea mapt,tint; deapptna-
pea a amsns a 4i de modl; o xpiml tpIctea an%
sine lin nanu de ante xpime, mi na toate agestea
SOMnee de min& au tmtspatliape mimeniine teinl-
pauinop genop nespednixt. Attta xopsnuie mi de-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 67 )(
mopanizauie at stins din inimine nop tot 4)ense de
simtiment de natpiotism mi de niseptate, mi SAIN-
BindisAe mi nstepine (Fizitie, kat (len:Lei-at rtt totsn,
tn xtt apta ininitapt tipirf Rape onpinsesept As-
mea, a aacsns a ne (Di nosapt nil ptseol-te o ghat-
nru ; de atieaa an apmiine nop trpiimeal sapsOp1 kape
se snail (Foopte nesne Es cppatri Acipl speradtni
Pomaninop. Nsmal *n ascpen de Kin se dstaiikt
segisnixtia nop, i at nstst stivpi e tpon nitge
monstpspl Ka Tieepie, Kanirsna, Nepali int ante;
mi Faptuir nsmat tn ast(ten de Bin' Se npigeni, Rath
at nstst nauiine sapsape i dtptme Aida de neine
xonosse timitptuii nop, nentpc a ictral-a xpetAepd
Wi tintistepnittipe stptmomi AOj di nixpat that
msnte teaxtpl.

Stapea xtetspi Tpeginop tn tinlirSA

tmutptiiii Pomane.
rpetti, de mi stitstnl Pomahinv, aespt int el
sispiitopl *n timnsn tninpuii. Enixtet CIAACISOCIMA
AIM) In mansan de maxsime mopane. -Mapts As-
penie 31)inoso4rsn, de mi Poman sepise *n nimsh
rpexteaset 0 icapte 4)i1oso4)ixt. IlEstapx ne .101g1,
siorpatfil mi ante sxpiept npeizioase. Panen a sepis
assnpa mediginei. Dena Milian at pttnas sadpe.
Th istopie a sepis Dion Rasie, Apian ui biodop
din Siginia. Stpaeon a slyis assnpa tleorpa(til, int
Iltonomet, a(lapt de georpacIie a sepis asznpa
xpononogii ml astponotnii.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 68 )(
Aitepatspa peeivii xpemine.
Indati, ge s'a isit xpeminismie a lost mi ee
eitepatspa sa. Dna. Anostoel Joan mi Mate!, As-
xa mi Maps, Rape at sxpis wee natps ExanreeiI,
mi dui% Iletps Ibsen mi aeui xape at adpesat
deosexite sxpiepl xltpe Romsnitbuiee xpewine , e-
ntity], hstin , Atenaropa nfl Teptseian, nape npin
sEpiepl aimpap% xpedinua mi mopaeitatea xpeutini-
flop. Opigen a *newat ne xpeizinI a ttexsi Bine
sxpintspa . Essexie EnisxonNe gesapii a sxpis o
istopie Bisepitmasith. Dap peeitlia xpeimitrb a axst
mi opatopI stplesqiul. Tntpe agemia se nsmIlyb
S S. Basieie gee mape , Fpiropie Nanzianzense mi
mal xs mama, Ioan Xpisostomse . In naptea ans..
axes! at incjmopit tn timnse avesta S S. Asrsstin
mi Ieponirn.

Psinapea Iepssaeimiesl, mi rmnploziepea

Expeieop *n-esme.
Expei , SIM tie/ din tti-t tmrrtpaul pomanI, at
+ost npldau/ mi xse+siul HI mete Kinn,/ de xltpe
dperttopi pomanl din Ilaeestina. Ss+epinueee eop
*xi timmse fmnIpattes/ Nepon ananseps ea Blume.
Er Asap, apmeee n mtn% Ha sat ss'tut doBtndaa-
SWb eiseptatea , sat s1 moap.b. Besnasian venepa-
Axe poman *I Bipsi npetstindenea Jill EAOR1 Iepssa-
A11118A; dap cliind xiemat ea Poma xa Sb m *num-
pluia , dete Romanda +NAST slt Tits. Mesta Aa
anse 70, dsm. iie plssi *n Ieptsaeim, apse tem.
DENA , &pun netatea, mi ne Expel */ annpuzie

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 69 )(
tntp'o napte mi tntp'aAta. Mat ttpzit, land *mni2.
palm Adpian a epst sI zideasim In temnAs ido-
Aesx, tn AORTA slide a (Fost tenmAIA eepeiAop, a-
neulia, ssst im Mesia minqinos /limit BapRoiceea ,
se adsnapI din toate ImpuiAe mi Bpifyb sI se tin-
npotiseasics. IstenepaAi Ai! Adpian ti WbtspI mi :I
tamplimiapi, din not. De atsnqt mi ntnl, mann
ageastl nauie mice se a4ms plsntnditl tn toate
nIpuiee mi IcoAuspine nInantwAst, nutptnd :ma,
ns statopniqie peeivia mi osiqmpiee Bear , el xtt
nentps ea se noate ziqe wi, este o msmie Beim a
Asmi non,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 70 )(

ISTOPIA NOZ1
%ow

HEPIOD I.
Deea irbdepea mn1pLuii pomane de anss,
ntn1 ea Maxomet; sat deea nlaysdipea na-
uiieop napaape mi (Fondapea no-s%nop sta-
te ne psineee tmnroptnii pomne de anss,
ntng, ea Intemeiepea peeirkii mi a tmn.bp%-
uii est Maxomet tn tpel nIpui ane esmi;
opt deea anse 476 n*n% A a 622 dsnl
Xpistos.

Klatnd tmnwbuia pomanl de arrss, nauiine Bap-

nape nape o a stkimiat, thtemempl fn npoBinuii-
ee et deosenite state, din nape snene a nepit, lap
aeteee stat inwb an (Ninui mi ntn n zioa de
astia.
Peratse Bestrotieop *n Snania.
0 napte din nonsnin leA nsmIpos an Fotinop
nsmiut Disirott sat Bestrott, (Fonosindsse de nesni-
psa ge domnsa sn timrbpluia pomani, npidapi,
intfli Magedonia mi rpegia, mi ne spml) din nano-.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 71 )(
nia sat Unrapia de astsa tpelaps Ka s npade liii
in Itania, in amuse annspats/al Onopie. Anapix
pevene Aop se incimuiurs de tpeY opt inaintea Po-
met mi ins+ipmit o Ats K asant; o npsds, o )xe-
cpsi, apse o napte dintp'insa, dsns lam mi ea o
dats npsdase, me(Psise mi apsese Asmea. Mspind
AAapix, ssimesopse sst AdoAft tpews ic Bestroti
in FaAia desupe miazi zi , mi de aita in Snania,
snde intemeie lsn perat , xape uins nins Aa Beni-
pea Apasinop.

PeratsA BandaAieop in AcIpixa.

He Kind imnspluia pomans epa sAseits, Ban-
da/1i, AAani mi Steei, tpet nonsAt vepmant, intpa-
ps in rania, mi de ailiT tpewsps in Snania main-
tea BestrotiAop. AAani mi.Sseei se eipsips de Best-
rot!, xmnd allergia at xonpins Snania ; lap Bandaei
tpexsps in AcT)pixa ic pegeAe Aop istensepix, mi aigt
Inde a. (Fost Kaptagena, cl)ondaps peratse Bandaei-
Aop, xape in ma! o szts de anY, wind atsnla se
stpixs de Beeisapie venepanse. Y hstinian tmrm-
patA din Konstantinonon.
PerarsA AnrAo-SaxsoniAop in
Bpitania.
ln timnsA. imimpatsAtt Onopie petpsrinds.se
din Bpitania AegipaneAe pomane supe anspapea L.
tanii, 1E14 mi Sxoui se Roeopmps din Sxouia xa ss
szuepe ne Bpitant. Atiejzia Items amstop dena
AnrAo-SaxsonT, aAt nonsA vernan, xope Dellind de,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 72 )(
/la mapea tlopdansI, woupinsepl Bpitania mi :lite-
ramp% ayi mante perate miyI, MU% iond mal tip-
zit se inuderap% toate intp'snsn.

Ilsstiipine est Atina pegene Xsninop.

X-sni, Rape epa nonsnle yen mal napnap ye a
!twat Espona, mi Nape intemelasep% lin perat dena
xotaplee Asii num ea thompe, cliind RI a at dat
npiyin% na minnmpine nauiinop vepmane, as Bpst
si, se 4)onoseasim mi er de npineasse ayesta cilaeo-
pasin de a wonpinde nd a stInini wEpT. Atina, s-
ine din xiel mal pssnolniqI pevl al eop , se pidiwb
din Banonia, mi in 43pintea a 700,000 pssnolnitcr
tpelcs npin ljepmania ntns in Copanue. Mill cics Bi-
pit de Aeuie venepanin poman. Aa intoapyepe
nup-snse in Itania, mi tpews tot ye intimnin% npin
smile mi (Fox. MAIO din nawsitopi opamenop nz-
stiite , tprtnds-se in smipwspine impi AcIpiatiqe,
mssepb temekt .na yetatea Beneuia. Xsni snmipi,
dln% moaptea eV Mina, mi nun! de nauiine Belli..
ne 2 se intoapseps tap in Asia de -made Benisepl.

Peratzn OpanYinop in rania.

Opanqi , ant nontn ttepman , intpind in rania
sini petlene nop KA0Bis sag-. RnodoRir, rbt-spl naui.
ine Ye se amezasep% ayi, Bipsipi mi ne Siarpie Tie.
nepanse poman, mi intemei-arb In stat mape. be
atsnql raeia a ingenst a se nzmi Opanua. Knozis
sat Knodoeir pevene Opanqinop a imspi,uimat pe.
niyia wpevliwb. Peratin ayesta de nil s'a tnurbpuit

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 73 X
de mute opr ssn sugesopi nsr Knoths, din Rape
ni epa ntmal Imepe de perjr; dap land se peimaa
toate impuine sane, mi se xtpmxia de Rtte n pe-
ve Rs tanente, epa gen mar nstepnix stat din lute
at tntemeiat eapeapi ne psinene tmnpii poma-
ne, mi, alma tpinstapt mull/ nonsa din ljepmania.
Peratvn Ostrotinop tn Itania.
agrm tpegepaa mi amezapaa Bestrotinop tn Sna-
nia, se pidiKapi mi Ostroti sat Ostporoti din Ila-
nonia mi tpewsps tn ItaAia. Pegene nop TeodopiK
RUN ne OdoaRp-s, Rape domnea in Poma, mi tnte-
meie tn toarb Ruda peratu Ostrotinop. litt a tplit
Teoclopix avast perat a clost tmleopit; dap a-
n% moaptea AzT sn.Lni attt de mut, tn Jut Benisa-
pie, genepanin tmnipatu-sr hstinian din Konstantino-
non, dim% ge a stpiKat peratu Bandaninop din A-
(Fpiica 9 a tpeKst tn Ranh mi a plinat mi ne aw
Ostrotinop. Itania se 4Thla uponinuie a tniwbpluji
Konstantinononitane ws n-smipe de ensapxt.

Peratsn Aonronapzinop tn Itania.

Ostroti se pemeapl, de mute opr tmnpotina
rseepnvar Konstantinononitanin.op; dap Napses, ant
venepan an Esr hstinian, tr Rongeni ic totSA. Kind
agesta administpa Itania, wg titn-s de eRsapx, o ica-
EAb a Rzpui din Konstantinonon tn cliRs remit
niapvb nostu. Kstn emi Napses din hula, .Aom-
aapzi sat Aonrosapzi, ant 110118A vepman, ge se a-
X.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( U )(
4Aa sting! in Tlanonia, Beni Rs periese si Aesoin,
Ni)ta ne KonstantinormAitant, nil in ilea mat mape
napte a Itanii *ntemeie peratse Aonrosapzieop.

flousAi Nape se amezapl. in Vepmania.

A+603 de atreknY nonsAt, nape in deosesite npo-
sinuit aAe iminpuii pomane de auss, cpondapl sta-
te norb, se mat afka in ljepmania nponpie mi an-
ti, dintpe nape me! mat insemnaul epa Bsprzndi,
sape eat atnezat in EAteuia nfl o napte a (tpanui
rhs%pitene ; AAemani epa intpe PinsA de sls, Mat..
tr.1, Nenap, itex mi Dtrive; Tnpinui a* icoupins 103-
*Spike intpe Xapm Pin, Mena mi Boernia; Fpizi
sia a4i a tnapea NopdsAst, Ude este astizt Ben-
lie wI Wanda; Basapi s'air amezat in Basapia de
:taut; Sassoni se statopnigip1 in Sansonia. Sn
geAtAaAte Aoaspl ma! epa pinatuitte nmAte de
Opantti, nape se amezasepl in topanua. To Dani-
knapia bier anent Dani, in Sceuia Ssioni mi in
Noperlia Nopironi.

SAaei sat nauia season%.

Dam Tie Eauiiee wpmanel unninse dee& plsb-
pit, se tpaseps stye sass mi miarb-zi a Esponi, Ao-
isspiAe ioDp se Ronpinserb de o ant% nauie nsme-
poass miVb Silas! sat' SAason! , nape asementa
ka nti ljepmani epa trantotiut in deosesite nsmipt.
&Erni se tutinsep% in toate wbpiAe dena Don nitrb
we Elam, ani dela inapea BaAtint utn% Aa Adpiati-
sta, mi clondarb ic timnsA in snene din wbpine a-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 75 X
neste deosecite state, npeRsm n Eoemia, tiantna-
uia, Kpoauia, Snasonia, Sepsia, liononia, Pssia. 73-
ni din nonani SAM; Rape epa anpoane de Ilep-4
man!, se tjepmanizap% ins timnse, npinnind Aimett
mi osittewpiee llepmaninop.

llonai deosesiul Rape se atnezarg,

in Espona.
A(Faceb de Ilepmanl tui maul, Rape at dat Emo-
ni nlacsitopl Tao!, mal snarl, KS tiligISA W ante
nauil din Asia ne dpgangn gen dessisesep% Xgni.
Tntp'aqestsa se ngnmpg, Asapi. linrgpi sat Mariapi,
Esnrapi Kazapi, Ileqenegi, zi, Kgmani, 110Aoeui
mi rspyi Osman!. Dintp'acteste nazi! se ma K414t$
ashal tn Vino, Irma Mariapi Banrapi wi Tgpigi
Osman!. geee-eaete, op! s'at upwsdit tn inseose,
opT s'at tatops ea sexiee /top AlaRaatspl

Stapea Rsntzpi in Espona in timnsn

n%ng,dipi capnapinop.
Atttaa srgdzipl sinniqe, Rape at Rstpemspat Eg-
pona mat Inset timn, at elt-tmat mi peenlia WI 121-
inueee el. Bapsapi, liepmanl, &last, sat de antb
Opinint, 4)iind idonatpi, at ssimpat (I)oapte msnt
Re xpentin/ . Ks toate wbatgekttl napsapl se icpenzi-
nap% ma! ttpzit; dap penigia Rpewing, ni mal epa
in Itspluenia el npinitigb. Kopsnuia el Xs atita
mat mant a tpesRat, as att s'a intins stmepstiuin, lul
ssnepstiuia s attla mat tape s'a AlUit 9 az Lot epa
ma! rpoasg, nemiinua, gape a domnit KS VIR,Htin de

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 76 X
ilep ma/ tante saaRspr in Espana. Bapsapi ne-
utiind s% npeusiasm BisAiotetriAe, unwanene, arue-
vsmintene de inslustsps mi opl-ne npodsRuie a
&mar, Ae inrponaps in pine mi n Imams. In
timma agesta de 4)0a , Rind (Fie-Rape epa inrpisiat
nentps sirspanua Dieu"! , Rind ns se trinstaa nig/ o
sets ossnauie de Bit a apmeeop nsmal RIA-srspi
din mumstipT mi noni chne Aa sisepita se tndeAet-
nitre-a Rs inssultspa ; dap atmasta epa atit de nsui-
Irb wi nmpilinits , in rat ania epa de mans nentpt
sAsn(seAe Aop . In fimnu atiesta atha se rssesR in
tot ausszA doT sspsaut (FaTmomT, Kasiodop mi Boe-
uie, Rape upin sRpiepine Aop se siAips a insscisAa nfl
a xpini rsstsA Buie Aitepatspr. Boeuie cloc innino-
ssuit mi denanitat de TeodopiR pegene Ostrothop ,
Assindime 0 sispiepe (Fpsmoas% desnpe minrtiepaa
tie cFiAosocFia npoirsps in nenopotripT. Kasiodop ,
sRipsit de nestatopnitria timninop atreeopa de cFep ,
(131(ji din Asme mi se stutise intp'o minsstipe. MAT
se siAi inzadap a indemna ne RIAsripl Ica s% land-
Be yaiinue mi (Fpxmoasa Aitepatsps. Stapaa atmasta
tpist% a Aitepatspi Aa RperzinT deAa arm mepits a
se nsmi sapsapia timninop sat a sipstex de miateott.
Osigewpf mi Aims! nos% in Espana.
Ks senipaa mi amezapaa atitop norrsAT deoseniuv,
Espana n'a dosindit nsmaT A%RsitopT nsoY, tri a npi-
imit nil osilleRrpT mi impasspf nsoi newsnosicstent-
ns atznqT.In timnsA agesta s'at clopmat mi Aims1
nos% in Espana. Ks -statopnitripaa nonsAinop sap-
sapT in nponinuiine train:Tsuji pomane, Aimna Aati-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 77 X
13 sat pomanl a Ingetat de a mat 4i eimsa nons-,
.Din amesteRapea eimBeY pomane its a nonsei-
Atop sapsapt se clopmaps Aims! deosesite. Ast(Dee
se cl)opurb eimsa itaniaim din sapsapismi rotieop
mi at Aonrosapzieop; eimsa pomtwb din sapsapismi
Seasonieop mi at antop Inuit Rape netperaps nth-
tpe Pomtnr; Aimsa (Dpanuezi din sapsapismi Taei-
eop , Oparmieop mi Nopmanieop; ima Snanioe%
mi floptsgez% din sapsapismi Suanionieop mi at A-
pasieop. Aa nonsei din ljepmania nponpie, npe-
Rim mi ea Seas!, Inxl se (popmaps dianeRte deo-
sesite , dine eoRspiee tn Rape s'at amezat.
tninIpluia Poman l. de pls%pit, sa
Bizantinl, opt rpegeasx%.
tmrrbpluia Pomarrb de pulpit, Rape firreue Rs
ApRadie , a uinst 1000 ant , dine IcIdepaa tienit de
arms. Ea s'a nsmit miii firmlimuia Konstantinono.-
eitan% mi Bizantinl, mi mat ttpzit s'a zis mi :rpm-
pluia rpetreasRl, din npitrin l. i ne de o napte 4)a-
mieit rpegerat at mans upin aeegepe ea tpon; tap
ne de aeta, RIgt Rs timnse s'a tntpodss idmsa rpe-
ireaswb n toate tpesiee statsAIT.. Ameast% tmn1-
pluie ma% a (lost stntiitl de 11011ZAT sapsapt: de
Xint , de rott , de Seas!, Asap! mi BiArapt. Tm-
nbpaui vaa mat mape napte nespednigt ne.btaa ade-
se-opt atrestopa in tpisst ansae . Bplacmamt nem-
nlicaul at aliemit *mimpluil at (lost flepsiani ea pl-
rEpit. Dap nenopouipaa maa mat mape epa pesoe-
teee mi twpssimpiee din essntps, mat KS seam) din
npigina disusteeop peeivioase. tnimpaui mi mini-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 78 X
stpi Atop epa oamenY sAasY, Rape nx epa in stape de
a frni einimaa in Altntpx, nig! de a asimpa sta-
tle de spvxmami din aclaps. Asia sist inumpa-
tsA hstinian, Aa 527, s'a pidiRat Al o nstepe insem-
natl. get do! venepaa aY stt, Beeisapie mi Nap-
ses , Nbtiffa. ne IlepsianY mi stpiRaps peratIA Ban-
daniAop din AcropiRa mi ae OstrotiAop din ItaAia .
Tpesonian t KanmeAapsA slip a Romnas o Rondira
de Aetp, Rape a nut mape astopitate in mat manta
state Rpernine din Espona. Ssst Isstinian, lion-
stantinonoAsA mi ante opame aAe emnIfebuii se in-
clipsmsseopl, Rs Reldipl 413xmoase; mi tot in time
mut Ast s'at adss in Espona mi rindaqi de muase.
Stapaa Aitepatspi in imn1,p1,uia Po-
man% de pEsEpit.
Ks toate i in imnEpEuia sizantini, Aitepattpa
epa in mat BEITh stape, de RA Aa xpemini dena a-
tlas ; dap ssnepstiaia n4i nekuiinua a cirmtst mi ea
Ispeq1 inaintEpt insemnate. Disnstene ACT twee sett-
bine asxnpa teoitovii , aii dat npiint Ica s ese ci
msAuime de epesspl, xape at sstrbpat mwAt peAi-
ijia xpekuirEt. Intpe immuni timtrstitY agestna s'a
deosexit mat msAt Teoclopet EnisRonsA Sipii , ReA
mat Esn trAxsitop aK Scp: sRpintipt, ml flpoRon, Ra-
pe ne'a Alsat sRpiept istopige assnpa intimniapieop
timulAst SEC

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 79 X

IlEPIOID IL
DeAa Maxomet, ntwb Aa mapeAe liapoA;
sat deAa tntemeiepsa penivii mi tninlp.b-
U.ii As! Maxomet, urns Aa pe'noipaa tmnl-
rbuii Pomane de anis npin Opangli opY
demi anse 622 um% na 768 dIns Xpistos.

MAX qMET.
tn timrd tpemcul o msAuime de nagit asiatige,
a+pisane mi esponene at +irspat ne teatple Asmi;
arum a Befit rid ptndse ApaRinop , Rape epa mat
newsnowsul mum tn timrrsn agesta , Ica Ft. ?image
mi el pone map! upin Maxomet. Mesta, deodat%
Es o penigie nso.b, +ondl mi o Inumpl,uie tn tpel
mpg! de Asme, nape se noate zige a natpa monap.
xie mape dun, a Pomaninop. Maxomet se Irtssx lia
Mesa tn Apasia dintp'o +aminie stpl4stritl. Alma
tanente mat msAt de rat de miacAos 9 o enosseno,
anpoane de noeziee epa szpagios mi Antpenpinn,
top. Dsne me se Alsi :. de someptikt , ss sape se
feasortuise, se dete Aa meditauir adorn assnpa pe-
lateli p mi se aonsinse, IVA eA este tpimis deAa Dim.
Reza Ica 8* pe+opmeze penivia idoAatp% a Apasi-
Aop somnatpiouiAop 612. trprentnd a mpedisa pe.
Aigia sal Mesani tat ronirb, mi eA Aa 622, tiquji Aa
Medina. A.Imesti, Om o Asap. Maxometani de e-
p% , Intuit% Xevipa, wipe a inumpa ani nop. Aa
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 80 )(
Medina !wind naptizanr, Alrb Mesa ss mstepea ; mi
-snde n nstaa K szstntse , axoeo sz sasia 4:Itqsa
st se npiimeasst peeigia nea nost . Aa moaptea
sa Wel Apasia npiimise peeivia Rea nost , mi ii
epa ssnsst est.
Peeivia Maxometant,
Tememsn Peeivii est Maxomet este agesta: nsmat
sn Dsmnezei este, mi Maxomet npoposse es/. (Die
sape vs se tnidne est asmnezet de qingt opt ne zi;
ssi dea mieostenie a zegea napte din senitse stt ; in
cilie-sape an 61 uie a noa esnt nost, nsmit Pama-
zan ; ss meaprt odatt tn siaua sa ea Mesa &ape tn-
sinape , mi aeteee. Peeivia masometant s'a zis mi
!seam; 'let tie o mtptspissa si nsmsa Moseemint
din Nape s'a 4:Itszt MwssemanY. Toate tnstuttspi-
ee peihii s'at stptns tntp'o sapte nimitt Kopan sat
Aesopan . Peeivia maxometant n'a plmas mset
timn sna ; emipt mi dintp'tnsa epesspt Ka din toate
peeigiiee, Rape at dat npigint ea msete desrintpr
mi 131psle de stmie.

Kaei+atze sat *nintpluia Apasieop.

Sssvesopi asT Maxomet s'at nunit Rae*, mi
epa tot de o dab, mi stnetenit aee peAlifli mi aT tm-
irspluii sape tn nsuint speme se tntinse (Foapte
rpozas. Apasi, Nape se nsmipt mi Sapaginr, spe-
zspt Kt esmaa nsmat npin peeigia eop se noate
mmtsi; ama dap xottptpt RS apmeee fn mmt si
0 ttunpikuie rn toate mpuiee., Szs Kanicilse Omap
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 81 X
Noupinsepl Sipia Ilanestina icx Ieptsaninrsn mi Ea
vintsn, inde apsep% EiEnioteRa 'Ma Bestit% a Ilto-
nomeinop. TpeRtnd Esclipatsn nil Tirpsn Nonpin-
seri, Ilepsia , nvonsep% HI India tui tn ante ;rut
a lie Asii de mini, noante. Din Evint se tntinse-
pl supe atm He mapilinine A4pii ntn% na mapEa
AteantiRi; mi de aiqy, a 711, tpeRtnd tn Suania
Nonpinsepl peratsn Bestrotinop. ET 4vbxspl Nonpin
depT tui tn SiqiAia, tn Sapdinia nil In Itania de mos,
mi isip uii 'clap Konstantinononse. Pezidenua
RaniVnop a (post nisei Bpeme DamasRsn , ntirb
land s'a zidit Bardatsn, tn AORSA snde se tmupesnb
Tirpsn K Exclapatsn .
Peratx A (Dpanui.
Apasi din Snania amepinua npimemdie nentps
tog% Espona , claim ns s'ap (1)i onpit de (Dpangt.
Peratui agestopa a sn%Eit ci)oapte nrsnt ssE nime
peqr segisniql ; dap se tmnstepniqi npin Manwpdoint
Nape tnttfil epa nsmal nime tnrpiatilopl al atipui pe-
raee ; dap ma! ttpzis tpasep Aa sine toatli astopi-
tatEa , mi nostsn agesta tnant tn (Fittspb monaeni-
top tn (parnieia nop. Ktnd Kapon Mapten, na 714,
se acima Manwpdom an (Dpanui, Apasi din Snania
tpeRnm flipenei dinRoagy, Ka de aRono SI se tntin-
zN tn tomb Espona. Kapon Mapten ti Eipsi ic att-
ta desimpinipe , tn Rtt, de mi ai domnit eT tn Sna-
nia uant timn, n'ail ma! tndfasnit a tpelie tn (Dpan-
ua . As! Kapon Mapten tn nostsn de Mamopdom °Fa
spmat +isn si ilinin gee suspt. Agesta dopind
XI.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 82 )(
me Atnrs natepe s'h Om, mi titATA Wi semnene pe4
rue, mimoqi xa s se detponeze imspa de perm
Ire epa, mi &I. se annarl en. (Diind trb na attest /a-
sps AS amstat mut Enissonin din Poma ; de agesa
mi Ilium, siemat +iind de chnsin in Itania imnpo-
tisa Aonrosapzinop Bape /A sinIpa, chin, tie WI;
ne Aonrosapzt, tutl arbtl petcsnowinua RI3tpe Eni-
SX0fIZA Pomo, mi tr chpli o napte din ltania de
miisnox, in Nape a(Facrb de Poma mi Pasena, se mat
a+na 20 ttetiut mi sate . Peratan (lapanlyinop se pi-
diwb na o nstepe insemnatt hpin mapene liapon ,
(pin Ail hinin men ssipt.
trnu%rbuia sizantins.
tninlybuia sizantirrb a asst a sickpi mint dena
ApasT in timnsn al:testa. Dine me :1 pinips Nene
mat cppsmoase npoxinuit din Asia mi din A4pisa ,
IA 669, issip% Konstantinononin in mat mute ptn-
ail, in mit sinarb nsmat npin CP:MIA rpettesic KS
Rape s'a aps cFnotene Apasinop. Tot in timirgn age-
sta mi Bserapi se inwhuapl, a ninth nposinuiine
din Expona ; mi de mute opT at ths rpoaza Aop
mins na zidspine KonstantinonontniT. tmnpai
ilea mat mape maple epa mimel; mi ministpi Aop
inns us epa mat Bsnt. In Avsntps epa tzpsaptp!
mi pesonte nexontenite, mi intp'in sisint togs im-
mmybuia epa atit de clybpi, nstepe , :LIRA nitnat Ica
mpintp'o minine se uinsa. Una din npiqinine xape
a npodas map! tspxsplp! in toatb sinfrbmia, epa
ini disnita nentps insinapaa .na isoane. ismnipa-
tin Aeon Isaipisin na 716, thud nopinxi, ka at
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 83 X
se nanede iRoanene chnpin sisepica mi opT chaps
slide se acFna, at pidittat ttaa mat trope napte din
tnurspluie tmnpotiaa sa , wi a dat npigirrs 13% se
Eepse mEAt stmje attt tn Asia Rd wi tn Espona. Ks
npineatan agesta Enisiconwn Pomel, Rape ntni tn
titnnwe de main epa miss tnurspatsnst din Iionstan-
tinonon , rssi miasnoR de a se sIstpage , nu de a se
da sss npoteRuia Opanginop .

Sistema 43eitdan's.
Statene gene now's, ve nauiine sapsape , Isiep-
mani uti Snasi (Fondap's tn Espona , tntrs nx tnge-
mo, a se dessonta ntns tn timnsA agesta. Mat
tome ageste state epa tntemeiete ne o Ronstitsulie
num, newsnositst% ntn% atsnia Esponi, nstnit's
(De d an ism sat sistema cFesdaes. Ktnd nauiins
Ronpindea o nap's, ageast% Ronpindepe ns epa mi-
me ne mama petlenst nop; ei pegene tmwspilaa npin
soput immtntsn LINA Ks nosini irst , uti ic indige-
ni Safi AIRwitopi n'smtntsnsT. 11aptaa de nponpie-
tate motzenitoape, adirs nuntntin. no wspani tie se
npiimea na Itaa din tthi tmtrspuipe , se nsmaa a "Lo-
di t . 111spimaa sopuinop epa &tie nwnrspsn tin-
n'ipuitopiJop; sopusn Petienst tits% epa ics deosesi-
pe mat mape. Dime avaasts dinttFit tmirspuipe wp-
ma a doa miii a tpeka . Petji mi nosini din anodit Ra
din nitne nponpietlio segnige ane nop da wspiLY
de wsmtnt Rs 'Ivant na toaapswi nop, nentps snsat-
Rene xte agemia Ae a cirsicst. Ast+eA de nponpie-
Nit s'at nsmit Rene(Fittif wi ne spmi esde
dena Rape ma tplAtaa trigenstwn (tesdanismsn. tIeA

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 84 X
ye npiimea o +esda, se nsmea sasan; mi gen ge da
Bene(Figise sat clgesda s'a zis Domn cpesdan, sat
nosesop 4elicia/4 opr szzepan. Indatopipea Basanz-
nzt whtpe Domnzn sit epa ssl acipe Rpedingi, mi
ail (PRI oape Rape sesame. Aa tngenst (Fesdene
se da ne Blau% , sat ne o Bpeme xotiptti; dap Rs
tngetsn se 43vbitspi momenitoape Ra mi anodiine.
Mat ttpzit ns se da cpesde nsmat niratnt mi ga3-
pant; gi mi panrspt , uii snsacee andexitopmni mi
administpatiRe; mi 'map mi dperitopit sisepigeng
npeRstn enisiconate mi erzmenate, na Rape tnttni-
nnape agestopa ni se da ine uti icpwb, nentps ni-
zrantzpine sat AoRspine qe stintnea , mi ageasti
cloopurb se nzmea ina es titx p 1. Tout nasani 41%-
pl osesipe snui01.1. apinia nauionan%; ui nentps
ivb et tpeesia si anepe natpia Rs Rentsent de na si-
ne, Irma da anti daacdie. 43iind in, el tnitinzi-a
nosnega , asea mi toate dpentspine, ui nsmat eI
nstea si noapte apme. Tbpani ns tnsemna nimiR:
eT epa neragt de nimtnt, epa tpaRtagt Ea nstipspl,
mi nz Ica nepsoane; n'aRea nig/ zn dpent, mi se
sindea sat se da din npesni its nimtntsn slide :tut
alma Alxsinua.Dsgi, Boeeozi, Knezi tn nsmene
pegenla administpa ginstipt mapr, acsdeRa , adzna
damdiine, flu stptngea mi nomanda apmia tn timn
de pissoi-i. lilkpangirpacpi, Romti-nanatini, Haste-
.nani, Dsopnigi epa alsdeccitopt perant at nanatsnIT
mi at ttetluinop. Mapnrpacp, Bani epa anipitopi
nposingiinop, sat at ginstenop nmplinatue.cloop-
ma acsdigiapi epa Iloapte simui. Intpe dot de o
notpiss Rape nspta apme, dpentatea se xotlpa npin

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 85 X
due. Tn ante tnttmulapt se tntpeRsinua mptspir
mi acsrmninte. Supe a oRoei adfaminteee stptm-
Re , s'aii tntpodss opdaniiee, Rape ostndea ne
uiee upironitoape si use mtna ne (Fog tui Welke
Ra attestea , snpe a'tut doRedi dpentatea.

Stapea peiWjii tit naptea ausssesT.

Tn timnse al:testa peeigia Rpetuirrb de mi Roplu-
trb mi torbpRat% de 43opme mi de ssnepstiuir a cleb.
list map! tnaintlpf ea nousei napsapt. In+esinua
et [tea clawLtoape de nine s'a simit In rpm);
Intif se tmsetnzirb Imparspiee 'gene (Dspioase aAe
aitestop nonset. Mepit nentps tntindepea petkigii
ea attel /1011SA1 idoeatpi a dontndit Bin+pid , sa
imen-bp Anres , Tamil mi Boni(Fagie, Rape s'a zis
mi Anostoese Istepmanieop. Dun, dtnsse mat es-
Rpapi mi aeuT misionapt tot ISS 131111 isupawb. Ka
npieentse atiesta, Keepte, adiwb noni mi Imeu-Lpi
din naptea ausssesT dontndipl o ustepe 43oapte ma-
pe , mi stptnsep% Borouil tnsemnate, 4mm-smite WS
eneaRia xlea pi tnueeeas% a ntoieop Rpetnint. Dap
dintpe tout enisRonse Pomet dontndi o astopitate
41oapte tnaetb; wi,x1Y tont get Intopmt ea Rpedinwb
npin puma misionapieop ne dtnsse te upiRea de
imnetenie a peeivii. Cind ii tn timnse agena de
napsapie, Tama! Heepse sinrsp se tndeeitnittea Rs
nnintiRi eitepatsp1, Enistioni mi noni aumserb
SI cpie sexpetapt uñ ministpi ne etnrb peig mi no..
Biel.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 66 X
6tapea eitepatspi ea plsrbpit
ml ea ants.
Wiinueee IIJI 'nava eitepap% a wbzst tot mat
mset, attt tn naptea anuses/ Rtt mi a p%slpitsell.
Sxplitopi BeRT rpeql iui pomanl epa eenIdaut Rs to-
tse; nentpt xi trartirbtopi peLiTii xpemine npe-
tindea, w citipea aneeopa tatims upedinua. In-
vitiate epa maT namaT nonl nil imesrlpT. Agemia
zyt xsetiaa nigl o iinp sepioasi, , de 'at sispia
sieut de ane s+inuieop, Wi xponoqt 4.1p% anevepe,
cpitiwi mi rut. Asia se msesx mi tn timuse age.
sta doT impsauT K tnimultspla mat tntinss, ea in)-
slpit s+. loan DamasKin mi ea anss xlmepnixze
Beda Aurese. Apteee xape n epa sup seinsa
peektii, ns acpea nig/ o tnitspaviape; mi map mi
ageee de 'cape se sesma peeigia npexwm msziRa, zs-
rpltia mi noezia, se 4)opma &ma tpessinueee
sepiqeml. rEstze apsitextspi rotige, Rape se nir-
sxs rn fmnwbuia Bizanawb, se tntinse mi tn ante
rubpui aee Esponi.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 87 )(
HEVIOD Ince
De na mapene Kapon utn a Kpsgiade;
sat de na pe'nnnoipea tmnpluitPomne de
anws, nn na pidiRapea Exponi nentps- de-
spoBipea nottspinop scFinte de Aka Maxome-
tanr; opf de A a ansn 768 ntirbna 1096 &gni,
Xpistos.

Mapene 14apbn; pe'nnoipea arrinaps-

uii pomane de anss.
Ktnd ttnimpnia KaniVnop de A a pulpits', Agii
epa :Memel-at% tn tpet nvul de lame, tn Espona
desnpe anss tnxi, se clopm% sn stat mape mi ns-
tepnia, tn ictt se nstea zige wi, s'a pestatopnigit am-
narmaia poman% de anss. Kpeatop an agestst stat
a (lost mapene Kapon, na 768. Mowenind de ea
tarbn rbt [Ruin peratse Opanginop, (Fs Remat de
Enissonin Pomet tmnpotiBa AonroBapzinop. Kapon
Hbts ne AomroBape, sonpinse Itania ntni, na Be-
neBent , nil, ssBt nsmipe de perat an Itanii, o a-
&orb na Opanua. Ks npineacsn agesta tnrbpi E-
nissonsnsf Pomet dania 413,Kst% de tamn stir, mi
mat achom mi en ante noxspt. Dsne ageasta, tpe-
land Hipenei, pbni de na ApaBt o napte din Sna-
nia rum, A a Espo. Dap psBown gen maT tnde-
Aunt mi mat tnfhpbtnix, ge a nsptat Kapon, a
(lost gen din Vepmania rzponpie tmnpotiBa idona..
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X SS X
tpieop Smola, mi sell! nonset Begin!. In timnsn
auesta Bits ne Sena Begin! al Tjepmaninop, mi ne
Anal)/ Rape se a4ma tn Ilanonia; mi tn astclee de
Rin clopms gn stat mape 'tomtits din (Dpanua, En-
Beuia, Ruda , uipiee de mos , Tjepmania mi o nap-
te din Hanonia mi din Suania. Meprtnd odati ea
Poma, EnisRonte Pomet tn BisepiRi tt nsse tn Rau
xopoana tainnpuinii Pomane; IIMISA entssiasmat stpi-
ri: si tpikasiti tumipatze Pomaninop! Kapon n'a
cFost nsmat pissotniR Biteaz , qi liii iBinisatop an
statzest sit En sini ne ssnsmi sit idoeatpi Ha si
se cl,aRi Hpetaint ; tninui Bisepiqt, zidi mRoet, tn-
datopi ministipiee mi ne Hiesript si tnrpiasasrb
de edsHauia mi tninuitspa tinepimi , mi ea snsac-
se npecFepa ne uipani tnBluaut tnaiutea qeeop mat
map! nosint netnaluaut. flentps Romeppii a Bpst
si tmnpesne npintp'sn Ranae Pinin ics Dsnipea ,
mapea Nearpi Rs mapea Nopdsell, mi pisipityn
RV anasse.

tmnbuipea tmnipiuii mapeest

Ka po A.

Simesop ae mapeest Kapoe a (lost (Fite sit

AsdoBiR; dap aqesta n'aBea taeente de a administpa
sn stat attt de tntins. tnRi tpiind ee din seisi-
xusne te tmnipui tntpe net tper 4ii sil. Aqemia
se pisBoipi tntpe sine inset timu , ntm land ea
tn Ronrpes !lima ea Bepdsn , tn 843 se tnnoipi
si tmnapui tot statze tn tpel input: (Ppanua,
ItaAia uzi ljepmania, Rape, de mi s'a InaT tnttinneat
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X"X
gb se mar sneasivb odatl; dap in s@pmit at pl.
mas desrinate nentps tot d'asna. Aa agea *mum),
uipe 4aImoas1 Asdonitt II, a npiimit Tjepmania
Kapoe neemsnsA Opanua mi Aotap a npiimit Ita
Aia din ppm,. Rs tht se. de imulpat.
Perats-A Tjepmanii.
PeAatsA Tlepmanii Aa ingenst ans a s4epi de-
se imnidipt deAa NopmanY desnpe miam noante
mi deAa SAant desnpe pispit. Dsne stimicepea
+arnieii mapeAsr RapoA , Ijepmania se 43gais perat
eAelctis. Dqi mi nonini lte/ nstepnitg anevea pe-
ite dintpe dtnmi. 4n timnsA attesta nime np13)R-
main/ ma! sapnapl de xit Nopmani nintsipi Ainivaea
uspi: agemia a 4)ost Unrspi sat Mariapi , Nape in
msAte pindspr npidayb mi nsstiipl jepmania , ru-
m land pellene Oto I, ea 955, ix Blts. Aa AexcIeed
Ainri Asrsnspr i atita desmipmipe , in Rit n'ag
mai indpunit a pennoi esnediuiine Aop ceee tin-
x1peigt Oto a snit mi Ruda i Tjepmania, ml npi-
imind Ropoana dela EnisiconsA PomeT, se nsmi um-
nipat. IliAda Asr a spmato mi ssictiesopi sit U-
nipea Itanii in Aox de a (FoAosi ljepmania a whtimato
4)oapte met. MsAllime de apmil tlepmane s'aic npi-
nidit in Ruda tpimise (Nind in deoseniut timnl sive
a imuwasi typszpipine gene nexontenite tie se inea
aKono. Dap nvimapea nea mat mape a Befit ljep-
mani! de Aa EnisaontA Pomet Amesta , unssutin-
ds'mt dpentsA. de a da petlinop Tjepmanii titAtA de
umnipat , mi quid mat ne spun) a intemeka o ie.
XIL

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 90 X
papxie niseplueasni, in tog% Asmea xpeminl , se a-
mestewb tn tpexiee el, mi sr npiqinsi nenopoqipl
mar mSAte 13earspl. Imirbpatla Xenpix IV, (Find
Rb n'a asicsAtat de nopsnqiiie AV, ea 1076, (Fs issit
ics anatema , nepdx tponsA yeprnanii mi mspind
tn tiniAomie, tpsnse As! na at. Ins! anatematizat
zica nethrponat ging! ant.

Imnl,pbuia ItaAii.
On ItaAia, chin, Aotap a tngenit neopindsea
mi tspssppI. Ssimesopi attest-gm epa seas! mi ne-
clestornigr de a nIzi nagea mi Ainiwea. ItaAiani,
dsne niAda yepmanii , denlptap% de Aa tpon (Fa-
miAia mapeAst KapoA, mi se soxotip tn dpent de
a'tur aiet,te er sinrspr pep. Dap (Iiind mat mxAut
npetendentg de odat% 9 ns se nstea snsoil mi tsp.
Esrbpine se pe'nnoio, ics mat mape (13spie. Atsntd
Beni Oto petlene yepmanii, nape Astnd Ropona mi
titAsA. de tmrubpat, Aa 961, sni Itania i yepmania.
Dap Enisxoni Pomo', nensttndsse flBOi Ka S'b arm,
sthatnr, clopmapl smnpotisa nStepi smn1pauieop o
onoziuie, Rape a clost 4)ataivh nentps yepmania.

Peratwn Opanui.
Peratm tDpanui sAlsi cFoapte msAt sxn Kapon H
nAemssze mi ssx swiesopi sat. Aqemia 4)iind ne-
spednig/ de a administpa statiA , Nopmani de Aa
miazi noante 4vbgea mslAipt dese snpe a npda
tui a )ne4)si. Dap nenopogipea nea mat mape 'ta
seta Opanui niap din 41111AtplA s, din naptea
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 91 X
Basaninop , nape (Fonosindisse de snIniynnta pegi.
/top , tna Asap% attta astopitate, fp tat mime pe-
snexta astopitatea peran% . Atsny! 'sn nasal, nstep.
nit{ , manit Xsro Kanet, na 988, roni din tpon (1)a. ,
minia mapensT Kapon , mi tntemeie en o dinastie ;
Rape tn Anna sipwbteastm domni mset timn .
Penonsuiine Nopmaninop.
Nopmani a (Fost sn nonsn gepman pisnolnix. M.
xsinua nop epa tn Sseuia , Nopnegia mi DanimapRa.
Ka nipauT, ne mape mi. ne ptspine gene map!, SIMI-
pap, ITISAtI3 speme Ijepmania , Opanua , uipine de
n(os mi Anrnia. Sxonsn nop /La tnyeast epa nsmar
Ka si npade ml si meiyge ; dap tnwspagiaul xi us.
uina tmnpotinipe ye risea, xonpinsepi liii whig, nil
clondapb mi perate. Ast(Den , ea 912, xonpinsepi
tn lopanua o mape napte de Am; ye s'a nsinit Nop.
mandia . Kinetenia nop Pono , npiimind titns de
Dszte, se peicsnostis de nasan an peginop cDpanui.
In Anrnia 4rhaspi isnpinT mi mal map!. Ks toate
Rb aiyr pegene An+ped yen mape a snit toate sta-
tene tntp'snse sinrsp , mi a nsat misspl sinitoase
nentps yininizauia mi desnontapea nsf ; dap Nopma-
ni , ssn nsmipe de Dan!, xonpinsepi peratsn aye.
sta ; mi mal ttpziS Binxenm, Ihryene Nopmandii din
Opanua , na 1066, tntemeie aqi o dinastie xape a
domnit Inset tima. Nitze Yete din Nopmani Open-
Ilea se sxonoptpi tn Itania de mos ; Enisiconsn Pd-
me!, na 1053, ne dete nox-sn ayesta Ica sl'e stint-
neaswb Ea nasal,/ al siT, tndatoptnds1 Ica so't dea a.
.natop tmnpotina tnumpauinop ljepmanii ; de aiyr
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 92 X
tpensp.b tn Siqieia , de snde ronip% ne Apast Dli
clopmaps n perat nsmit aA Neanoesest mi ae a.
mtndspopa SiqieiieoP .

tmn%pbuia Apasieop sA73Beine

mi se psinb.
itinrrtpluia qaa tntins% a Apasieop s'a atimat *n
timnie mapeell Kapoe In nsntse gee mal tnant de
nstepe mi tn+eopipe sits liaei+se Xapsn AA-Painid,
Aa 786, mi Ae-Mamsn cFise slik, ea 813; dap dsne
aqesta a tnyenst a imdaa. Upm1topi Itaei(Ft +iind
sAaBY mi moeemile, mweviT ruepnatopt dsnpin npo.
EinuiY se peaoetap mi se 4Altsph neattpnaur . Snpe
a oripi tntindepsa avestET fr , liazi(Fi ui1 clopma-
pas o apmie din Dior, nowise din Tspaestan deea
mapaa liasnie. Dap aqmia , tn AOK de a snpiatini
imdepta Imimpiii, o scItmiapb mai' [mt. Tspqi
razni sat Kosapesmt Ronpinseceb Ilepsia ; mi Tztpqi
Sendwril strtssep mat micAte ulpY dinitoaqt de Es-
("pat , mi In Asia miwb, Ende (I)ondarb ssetanate
deosesite. fmn%pluia Rani+ieop se mlptlinea ma/
nsmat tmnpetp-wpse Bardatsest . Apath din Sna-
pia at criost lie din tut itape se 03itsprb neattpnaur;
dap tning,puind peratse tn mat msAte state mat mi.
nt, npinui itpekuint din Bethee clamieit aee Bestro.
tieop , Rape epa petpamt ea msnui de/a mapint,
Esayb irspauti de a't eoBi ins attta nopoqipe 2 tn ittt
ltonpinsepb msAte AmospY, mi (bondayb perate itpe-
wine etnrb ane Apasieop. Egint se tntemeie
ssetanatse cIatimiteeop , de sumesopi (Datimi, (Feti
4,EY Maxomet . trape ssetani de aiqf se Insemn13,
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 93 X
tn timnse Epttliadenop , Sanadin Rape a (lost ati
epog mape an Beams/ slyg. Mat ttpzit Evintsn na-
zs SIR Mamens4.Asemenea se 43opmapl'npinui-
nate apaRige neattpnate Aa Tpinonis, Tsnis mi AA-
vip , lui -sn ssAtanat Aa 41)eu mi MapoRo

Ininlfrhuia Rizantin%.
Snlnipaa mrrmpii RanitIinop a 4lost de mape
iiclonos nentps tning,pluia Bizantinl; Ri toate aqe-
stea ea n'a mtimit ma! irsuin din npivina tspBspl-
pinop din A.Lsntps , a desenop peRonsuit, a omops-
pinop, disnstenop penivioase mi a antop nenopoqipt.
Inartplteasa Ipimia, a 781, Rptnd si a de RIpsat
ne mapene Rapon nentps a -sni tmntpluia plslpi-
tsest Rs a ansssnst, a sRos oici pisnst slit. Ea clYS
detponat% mi sinitl a tnispIRa pasa tntp'o nmnisti-
pe. get mai npednita trornpauT, ssimesopT a/ eT
mipipl, tout de moput sinnige npin otpavb asasi-
nate mi antene. Dap dswi) snlRipsa Apaninop, Tsp-
ni SeAdwat se clvi,Rwp1 megint mi Rplatmamt tnrpo.
zitopt at agewit tamIpluit, dena Rape pluipl MICA-
te upoainuit In Asia mini,.

upinuinati ulpi Pomtnewl.

Pomtni din uapa PomtneasR1, Mondona, Basapa-
via , BIRoaina , TpansinBania, Banat mi Mapmauia
din 13-nrapia, nut tpar tngeirstse dena Pomant. 41-
piAe tn Rape Alitlesit el astizt, In Badme (Iopma
nsmat o pp% nsmit1) Daqia, a/ impia AIRsitopt epa
(loapte Bitezt. Tpakan fnumpatm Paine!, sipwind

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 94 )(
ne Daqt in dol puBoae Rpsnte, Aa 105 dsrm Xpi-
stos , adsse *n Dagia msAuime nensnmpatt de 'co-
Aonit din toatl tame pommy]) , deAa xape se tpar
Pommi din zioa de astIzt . tn RR timn tnurbpluia
pommy]) a illost In nstepe , Dagia Ka nponinuie,a et
se administpa de drnsa dims opranizawia mi xonsti-
tnia ge'T dldsse Tpaan. Dap Rind nauline sap.
nape dena Nopd numAaa des in sAana imImpluie
pommy'', taumpatsA Aspenian, desnidmidsit de a
mat nstsa uinsa Dagia , ea 274, pidi'm dintp'snsa
Aegioanene ne epa nento anIpapsa et, mi Ae tpexs
neste Dsnve. Plmtind Dallia npadl napnapieop,
rod, Xsni, Ijenizi, Anapi, SAani. mi EsArapit, st3".
ptip% in Dagia sni dsn% anui mat mute Beaxspi .
Atmasti innlAmmael de nauit, in timnu netpe-
nepi Aop Rs Ponnni, a clYbRst oape-Rape sRimnape
*ntp'inmi ; dap et immasepl eAement poman Rs In-
melte, Rs Ainma, Rs onigeFspine mi tpadiuiiee po-
mane. Dsrm stpeRspapria age/lop nauit din Dagia ,
Aa 889, Beni pi, 13-nrspi in Ilanonia, mi Ronpinsep%
Mapmauia , Banatu mi TpansiAnania, -snde Pomini
se acima adtnaut in state milli SIB npinut nauio-
nant ; tap uapa pomineamm, MoAdona Rs Basapa-
nia mi EsRosina pimuind snonode, se intemel-ap,
mtp'inseee deosenite npinuinate mita, nentps naza
Ainimi din Altntps mi arnpapea de npuRmami din
wimp.
Stapc-a Aitepattpi Aa anss.
Amerbmintene de tinnultspb mi Rpewepe, iie a
intemesat mapene KapoA in tinimpluia sa mi AA-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 93 )(
clped gen mape tn Anrnia , aii adss niize peztntate
nopogite, xape s'at simuit met timn In naptea a-
nsssesT. Intpe tnnsuaui timusesT agestsia se ns-
msps Amain Rape se a(pna ea Rsptea mapeesT Ka-
pon. Eginxapd a clost seRpetap an agestla t111117a..
pat . In Anrnia, ea mRoana dena Onstpopd, se a-
gma Joan Snots Epigena , Emmet Rs xsnonzinue en-
tinse. tn Tjepmania mi Itaeia tniil se rise-a oamenl
mg Rs seams RIAImpl, Rape se tndenetnigaa mcs
nsuintiRs eitepatsps; dap desnpe iinie sepioase
ns se nomenea nimii. Ainma In Rape sxpiitopi
stspia, epa npetstindenaa gea eatins, stpiRats rst
npin napsapismT. gee ma! tnesuat om ae limos-
AST agestska. a 'lost ljepsept, Rape se cl)sRS EnisRorl
an Pomel, Sim nsmipe de Sienestps an doieea. Ben-
tps papule ell wiinue se Rpede Rs este nplacitop .
Stapea eitepatspi ea pssspit.
Tn tmospluia Bizantins .nitepatspa s'a Rsetinat
Et maT Mtn, isupaws. 15ni din tmospauT n'air" +ost
nsmal npotextopl aT eT map sRpiitopT. Ast(Fee
tmovatze Aeon clinosocIse pe+opms atspisopsdin-
tia tmospsuii , mi adsntnd supiepine ne Rape epa
tntememats 2 a isopsnit geea ge tatsn sit Basinie tn-
gensse. Konstantio Ilop+ipogenitsn (Fise sit tnit'b
ne a essat msnte sapiepT intepesante. Dap onrse.
gen ma/ tuwbuat to togs tmnspsuia a +cast (Dotie
Ilatpiapxsn Konstantinonoesma.
Stapea eitepatspi ea Apanl.
Apani, desnputtodsse ics dsxue nop gen pssnoT-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 90 X
tilt, a mepitat tentps vginue ma! Milt de RA IP
asseni mi pulpiteni. 'gni din Ranip, npeRsm Xa-
psn Ae-Pamid mi AA-Memtn, intemeEap% moll ma-
pt in toate nIpuiee tmrrLpbuii. tIeee mat Restite
mnoAt ane Apaninop epa gene din Snania , slide Bi-
nea de thirbila Imp Eperaint din Opanual Itania ,
Vepmania , mi aide input. Apani Ingenspl a tte-
tumid ne sRpiitopi Reasiql din BeRime, rpegi mi Po-
man! 2 mi ne -spmb tmBpluimap% mi Ruth:tap% The-
ee iine ig Eisen, nopogipe. get mar tnBluatO
aZ Aop alt (lost: ABigena Ae-Pazi mi ABepoes . A-
!lap% de miinue, eT 4nitma mi Romeptawn gee. ma!
intins Rs India, mi Rs Rite tpeAe rapuine mi.

Stapea peeivii.
Ks Bit ns se nsetima iniinueee, is atit xpemaa
ssnepstiWa , Rape a BuAlmat 4mapte mset peeigia
mal ig seam% in naptea anssual. tn AoK de a o
maasta in RIptLiee gene s4dnte, o inBlua din rbpui-
ee n1pinuieop Bisepiqi mi din xotiptpiee soBoape-
eop. Toe], peeiiAa se Rpedea Rs se Ronpinde in
nIzipea anop 42sopme mi uepemonif Rape se tot im-
mew-a . Melia Rape ap 4i indpIsnit a se imnpoti-
El ea ageste oBigekispl, epa Dpironit mi soRotit de
epetiR.

Sistema iepapxiel Lisepigerat A a ants.

Bulmape nesnss% a npiginsit atft miinueeop mit
miii peeivii in naptea anuses! nstepea qsa mape a

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 97 X
RAepiniT, Rape ni epta s %man, sat si zini qinem
Ea Amy-apt tmnpotiiitoape oniniinop sat* intepess.
Alt sit. Attest Isnep, npin diniine petrinop din (la-
minia mapentst Kapan mi a ne Imnipatinst Oton
npexim tui npin minosteniine xpetzininop, s'a *Imo-
riuit mi a domndit o nstepe cloapte mape In Rtt
*n inene sap! nepsoanene Bisepittetat alma dpentipt
sinepane . Dap dintpe tour Enisitoni Pomet , Rape
am! tnsimipi nimipe de Ilan!, se pidiRapi mat mint
de RA tour tn panr mi n nstepe nil }Tsp.]) a *Me-
meta o iepapxie, xape m domnaasxi neste toati xpe-
minitataa . gen: ye a nixpat its mat Met% isxssin-
ul ElpwEuie
, mi statopnigie supe agest s+tpmit a
41ost Ilana cpiropie VII, limit Xindenpand . Ave-
sta s'a sinit Ra ne tout siRepani Esponi (Farb
Basant at sit, mi gepaa Ra si Rie si se msdige na
tpininanin sit . Daxa se tmnpotinaa , ±T anatema-
tisaa mi tt detpona . tlepaa dela toate statene mi
wbpine xa wet nnitaasRi tpixst ; mi ne tout xpetai-
ni tt soxotaa de sinimi at sit. A tndatopat ne toa-
te nepsoanene Eisepittemt Ka si nts se tnsoape, nen-
tpx xa atft nepsoanene tat mi aBepine nop si (Die
snpe snsatha sa; mi a npetins .141 Hani ns not rpewi
tn xotiptpine mi nopingine nop. ?mast% sistemi
de iepapxie sisepilmasiti des'bstpmiti de Xindespand
a 4,ost snpiminiti mi de qeinanut Haul ipmitopt.
Dap xpenlini din tmnipiuia pisipitAT n'at Elsa
si pexinoasxi ne attest not monapx , Rape sis ma-
sica peAilpi p6a si domnaasxi neste toati Aimaa .
Er se deosenipi mat de mint de sisepixa Pomet,
XI1L

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 98 X
din upiqina imop dorme, a snop disnste assnpa pi-
tSits!, dap mat Rs seam lewd ns xpea s (tie stl-
ntniu,t de liana.

illEPII[0113 TV.
Dena Kpsqiade ntni na desxonepipsa A-
mepiqi; sat dena pidixapea Esponi nentp-s
desposipsa noxspinop s4inte dena Maxo-
metanT, ntns A a pecFopmauia -8! Astep;
opt dena ans.', 1095 urn% na 1492 dsn%
X pis to s .

Kplqiadene.
'hum dena tnmenstsn RpewinismusT, Ierssani-
mut itx tmnpeasspipine sane, snde Xpistos 'Int a ne-
tpexst Biaua, a (post sn AOK s(ptnt, snde xpetnini
nento exnaBie mepilea sl se tnxine. IIttVb Aa lion-
stantin gen mape, xieltopiine Aa aueste noRspr,
din npiqina mane! Epewininop, ns epa sirspe. Dap
thni qe Enena msma est Ronstantin a Inrpiaiit a
xspmui mi a tncppsnusseua Iepssanimsn, xpetaini din
toate trbpuine Binea nexontenit xa s'b se tnxine.
Riap mi dsni qe Apaxi, na 637, a* xonpins Ilane-
stina uii Iepssanimsn, Rlichtopiine BperniniAop ns
se npewspmapl, mat Dtptos inAT KaniOn Xap-sn
An-Pamid amnia ne mapene Kapon npotextop an

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 99 X
st.tntsnsI Moputtut, Dsn% ye a skssit tmrapluia
Rani(Pinop nti tn deosesite nponinuit s'at amezat
TspYI, ayelzia (Diind mal sapwapt , ns sstrbpa nsmal
ne spemini din impuine nossnsI, N mi ne aye! ye
din Expona meppa na Iepssanim Ka s% se tnsine.
AtsnYI se aszi rn Espona sn rnas, Kb tpetise aic-
tan! spetnini din Asia, RI tpesse s% se desposeass%
nosspine s+inte ane speigininop dena Maxometant.
!len Ye a tmpelimpat dsrspine spemininop din Es-
pona nentpw ayeasts idee, a (post sn slesubp (Ppan-
uez , nsmit Hetps dena Amien Rape, na 1095, ws-
latopise na Iepssanim. Ilani sosotind a se ttonosi
de ayeast% idee nentps spenlepaa nstepi nop, (f)h-
icspl sosoape tui Indernnap% spemitntatsa din Es-
pona ica S'b an apmene In mtnl, mi Sb utwapr% tn A-
sia snpe a plsroma penigia fat Xpistos. Dena arm
1096 tnainte, tn timn ma! de do% sste anT, apmiI
nensnmpate tpessp% din Asia In Espona tampotina
Maxometaninop; mi iind wi toil/ nspta RpsuY no
waTnene,nop, de ayeaa sait nsmit Iipsyiaur mi esne-
diniine sat zis lipsyiade. tIaa din ttt-ii apmie, sits
somanda m-ap a sInsrspwnsI fletps, n'a (Fonosit ni-
mitt ; ywa de a doa Ins% slcs somanda As! FoteOpid
de Bwinon, Dsyene de Aotapinvia, a ronit ne Tspla
mi Apasi dintp'o napte a Asii mild, din Sipia , mi
Ilanestina, mi na 1099, a nsat Iepssaeimse snde se
(1)ond% sn perat spenlin, an slpst-a yen din tri4 pe-
ne a (lost cotcppid de Bsinon. Isupana aywasta no-
poyit% s'a slpsat de toat% Espona. De mi ttne-
nwtsn spsyiadenop se rrbpaa a +1 nopoyit; as toate
ayestea n'ait anst scptpmit ssn gene ma! mute
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 100 )(
apmil qe mepsep% in Asia epa ammtsite de qepnr}...
top! mi de oament clap% nig! o disqinAin.b. Dap
mi apmiiAe gene mal sine perSeate n'at cpbrst is-
riplsY maY mapY; Rita s'at intimneat tlepte mi des-
rinlo intpe rbneteniiee Aop; alio/ mi trnmppaui din
KonstantinonoA, slzind Kt el ns not tpave nig! sn
iloAos , n-ssepb iFeAxpI de niediql Aa inaint%pine
xpstiriauinop. Mal msAulf min:pate al Ilepmanii mi
peul al Opanui , al AnrAii mi dintp'ante Wbpl, tn.
demnau/ sat tnrpoziuY de Elan!, sap napte Aa a-
meste minnsa,pr din toatg, ESpona; dap sni tnit niep_
dsgb siaua, aAtii apmiiAe, mi mal niql tnsA ns tfto-
x8 isnpbe map!. tn s+tpmit prima nentps aqeste
esnediuil :rigors a se imni; npinui ltpeminr clAps
roniu1 trg tnyetsA din Asia, mi svpe sg)fpmitsA
max/AV 13, toate ulpine mi Aosspine soupinse de
iipeizinY in Asia din npestrb irs Iepssanim-se punase-
pl. Hip lin stbutnipea Masometaninop.
PessAtateAe KpirgiadeAop.
Ks toate R1 Espona npin aqeste esnediuil, in
speme de do% sste de an!, a nepdst miAioane de
oamenl ml . sorluil nensmIpate 431:p'a 4ii dostndit
SW:01TM ; dap s'a (FoAosit intp'aet sin cloapte msAt.
NauiiAe Esponi qe epa mal 'nainte izoeate assm se
snip, , mi se plssoipb imnpesn% sss staarspiAe
spsqi . tntpe posT mi nosia se ciopmi sAasa me-
titienieop; desnpe o napte sly! nosini slplcisepl
in timusA esnediuiinop; desnpe anta KIM in tim.
nsA aqesta se 43opnrb in Espona 'sn somepag, Ra-
pe a imsorluit opamene mi ne lietluenY . In soltp..

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 101 X
mit se +ntinse scIepa dsxsAsT omenesx , mi o nrsA.
uime de wsnotuinue mi apte se adtsepl din Asia tn
Espona.

40opmapaa a tper opdine de xaBanepl.

Its npinemse esnediteino icomiate se cilopmapl
tpel opdine de xanaAepT. tIen d'sntt.tt opdin a (lost
an Ioaniuinop, sat an Osnitaniapinop, opT BA Rata-
Aepinop de Podos sat an Mantezinop. &gest opdin
aiaa tndatopipe de a tnrpiad de xln.btopT na noxs-
pine s(linte, mi de a Bate plsnobt xi; neapedingo-
mi. EBnania xpetuininop din Espona tn tmBormii
xs mond! mi Bening)! map!. fonindtse upemini
din Asia, Ioaniui se amezapl tn tIinp, ne wpm%
tn Podos mi tn s(ltpmit tn Manta, ntn% tn timniaA
xtnd agaasta, insxn% s'a xonpins de Nanoneon 13s-
mnapte, mi xtnd nil opdinte 'ml a nepdtt Benitt-
pine. AA dolseca opdin a (lost 2A Temnniapinop
xomuss de gannet)r cPpanuezT. rui anemia se BI-
tsp.], xs Maxometani, mi dostndipl Benitspr mapTtn
Opanua. CliAin IV gen clpsmos, pegene dopanui,
nsicomind na Borbuiine opdinsnsT, mimeogi ea lia-
na xa S'L'A despnueze, tnainowLuind ne xaBanepT
ii ap Fi idonatpi, mi sursinds'Y na gene ma/ rpo-
zaBe ming!. AA tpeTnea opdin a (lost an xaBane-
ninop Testonr sat tlepmanY opT an Mapianinop Tonit
(ld din Hanestina, agest opdin Beni a Beneuia ,
mi aiql a stItst mut timn tn sesaisa IIaninop na
deosenite emediuir. 4)iind-wb, tn timnsn Btpstel
de mimnox sat an BapEapii, nosinitataa nt se ns-
taa dordndi de xtt upin wspatpi
.
pusondff ad aite-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 102 X
zie nepsonani; de ageaa de omze nonini, netnde-
netniginchse RI ant de but Rs pissmisn epa Rpsz1
nri (piepona. Ks tntemeiepaa Rasanepii liii maT stp-
tos a agenop tpef opdine din noninr, s'aii tmmanzit
'ipoapte msnt nipanspine gene pisnornige ane no-
Ennui. liananepsn , Rape se npiimsa tn spe snsn
din opdine, se thdatopa na tntpenpindepine gene
ma! map! tui tndpisneue, na arrbpapaa nesinoui! a-
irssate, na rjenepozitate, na birsipsa de dpentate, na
noniteui mi na ante niptsur.
Tmuipluia ljepmanii.
tn timnsn esnedianop Rpsgiate mi dsne &rise-
ne , ilepmania a sz(pepit msnt din naptaa Daninop .
Anemia nentps Ra ma! nesne si noati a se amestim
*n tpesine statsn-sl, tnrpozca ne tmnipaul ic anate-
me , bra si maapri na nobispine srpinte tmnpotina
Maxometaninop. De tnanipatsn. XenpiR V, na 1107,
CA desnol-apl de dpentsn. insestitsper, lie a asst
npedegesopi siT Cr] anevepaa EnisRoninop mi a Erg-
meninop. Dap OpedepiR I Bapnaposa din rpaminia
Xoxenstaikpinop , .na 1152, mi (DpedepiR II nenotse
si, na 1218, Cm! anipaps Rs sipnbuie dpentspine
.nop imnepiane tmnpotisa Haninop attt tI3 ljepruania
Rtt uii tn Itania. In timnsn rbnepnenop flop se tn-
temebapi msnte institsui! rponositoape mi amen,
minte mtntsitoape nentps (Pepigipaa ljepmanii. Dpin
peRsnoargepsa snop opame de imnepiane se rase te-
mer--g na pidiRapaa Rnasel getiueninop. Tot tn tim-
nsn agesta, nentps anipapaa uli tmpnopipsa Romep-
gb-wnst, se cpopms Rompedepauia nsmit's Ansa , tn

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 103 )(
Rape intpapl Ka Aa 80 opame imnepiane, rai Rape
inset limn a (Fost doamna Rome!) InwelY tn Ina ma!
mape napte a Esponi. Harr nsmaY x13, tn ziee-
Ae aqestop dol monapxY westite, se deswoetapl IJIi
aqeee doi, naptide a Fee(Fieop, qe epa supbuinit%
de Han!, mi a ilineninieop , nape epa a imnepialii-
Aop , mi Rape tn timia de dol waaxspl wmuespm de
imsnoae xpwnte attt ijepmania xtt mi Itaeia. Dap
its stingepea cpamieii Xoxensta4Leop nepi stples-
qipea tunmpluii uii awtopitataa imnepiael, mi Ilep-
mania maw tntp'o anapxie rpozaim. Basaei get mita
nw Rznowea domnY nil stlutnY; }Tap npinui *let mat
nstepniql dewenipl neattpnaut tn qewa qe npiwaa ea
rwwepnwe din Awsntps ae state/lop eop. Mzete din
cetluiee ItaAii n wpwpa, a mar peRsnoame astopi-
tataa imnepiaea.. Din aqwasta. 'yin. OVUM gepma-
nia npin anegepc-a de tmnIpat, Aa 1272, a Ala Ps-
doe+ Xansuprwe, a wbpwl-a 43amiAie mi astla dom-
newe tn Ainia 4emeEasx1 tn tponwe Awstpii. Ps-
domP dsirb qe pestatopniqi Ainiwa tnrpimi liii
nentpw (Faminia sa, adlortnd Aa dInsa thmatwe A--
stpii, Stipia mi Itapintia. (I)iwe s Aesept , Aa
1298, wptnd sa, adaoge mi Enweilia p aqsasta se des-
rim, de ijepmania. Asdowix de Banapia, ea 1330,
se timspRi in mepte lor Dana , mi aqesta isni toga,
Ilepmania xl intepdixt. Harm, ins], ma! simuita,
nentps IsIeprnania a (lost nepdepaa a mwAtop netiut
din Itania , impopa tmrapatwe Kapoe IV, Aa 1347,
Ae wtndw Aineptatna ne Ban!. n mepit 'Ha a Alsat
Itapoe nentps Ilepmania dtnthei wsea de a-sp. flpin-
tp'eqw-astb Aege 4)sndarnentael a tinalpluii, dpenl
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 104 X
Use de a 43ane tminpaul s'a dat ea ntante npinig
nsmiul EeeKtopl, din Rape tpel Bisepineml DII na-
tps esmeml; tot npintp'tnsa s'a xotiptt Rinse aee-
topi tmuspattsesl , xiii s'ait snenicliat npeporatiseee
EAeRtoplACIp. SIM SigismSrld CIAIA Ala Kapoe y ea
1411, isasktni pi,ssowe XIssitiK tn Boemia , ne Eape
Sigismsnd dinnpezni KS npinui Tjepmanii awe te.
notoei. Dsrm Sitlismsnd dirnitatsa imnepiae% tpe-
Rs kap ea (Famieia de XassEspr sa Asstpiawb, ea
Rape famase 300 anl nenpettspmale. Ki)tpe anse
1439, Ilepmania din npiqina tnunpattell Opedepitt
III, kap kozic tntp'o anapxie stramtntltoape. (I)pe-
depikt (Fs darns, ea 1493, mi tu eotts'l se ssi ne
tpon Mattsimieian VIA .

PeratzeOpanui.
In tbpanua, peili din toate dinastiiiee ronipb
its statopoinie manse de a tntemeka o nstepe as-
soest%, miKinoptnd nstepaa semeuleop Kasael, 43a-
Boptnd Keepse mi sieindsse a pidiKa kteasa qetlue-
nieop. Dintpe toxj Basaei, qe/ ma! nstepniql epa
Dbqi de Nopmandia, Nape tot de odatl epa iui peg/
al Atwell. Pepee (Nein Asrsst, ea 1180, a pinit
dee& dtrunil Nopmandia. Asdonitc ae IX. nsmit nee
scItnt , ea 1226, a snit xts ktopoana mal mute
npoupieta.ul aee Kasaeieop, mi dmd lopanui earl!
Inueeente, a mlpvinit opdaeiiee mi a Rontenit Ft's-
soaeee napthtseape tntpe Basalt!. Dap (Nein Ilr gee
clpsmos, Aa 1285 , a clYmat mi mat mset nentps
desnoetapsa din emmtps a statsion . Aqesta miac-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 105 )(
Abgi ta !Tani ss'EuT stpsmste pezidenuia din Poma tn
Opanua, Tilde a ststst mutt timu; a Asat dena nasa-
AT dpentse de a Bate moneds, mi en a (lost gen
d'Inttiii nape ea statsn lienepan sa adimapaa oua
vlaasns, acFaps de nosinT mi Keep, a niemat dens-
tale mi din masa getsueninop. Isupsnincisse dinas-
tia AsT Xsro Kanet, nonpinse tpontn ants dinastie
nsmits Banoa. Atsng/ se desnise tntpe Opanua rui
AnrAia In pssum4 nape uins msnt timu. Inness.
nind Kapon. VI peljent Opanui , Aa 1380, Anrni tn
animus ics. Dsgi de Esprsndia, noupinseps Hapism
liii maT toats (Dpanua ; dap genepani AET Kapon VII
snlnaps peratsn de domnia agestop stpeinr, inpopa
nx A e psmase tn 4:Inuit de RR netataa Kane. Opan-
uezi tn Bitsniine agestaa a cliost anistaut de Bite-
zia (Fanatixs a (Feqoaper de Opneans, nape tuff tn-
ninsise ns este tpimiss de Dsmnezei na ss ronaas-
RI) ne Anrei din Opanual ml, a 1429, tnss4)As
npin ninda sa sondauinop Opanuezt sn nspatpi e-
stpaopdinap .Ksztnd ne spms tn meniee Anrei-
Aop cirs uadenats de Bpsudtoape mi se apse in
clmt. Asdonin XI, a 1461, sni Es nopoana clopan-
ui Duatsn Bsprsndii mi ante nponpietlut; smepi
nstepaa nasaninop stptnse daadiT apsitpape, tuff
clmws o apmie a sa, tnsnus astopitate perms ; dap
ALSI sn mime de desuot.
Peratsn AnrAii.
In Anrnia, A4ped gee mape , A a 871, snise de
nisnt tntp'sn perat gene mante state anrno-sanso.
XIV.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 106 )(
ne ; dap desnontapaa nsi se tmniedixs npin nbirh.
eipaa Danieop. Binxenm , Dstiene Noprnandii din
(I)panua, tntp'o esnediuie, ea 1066, roni ne Dan!,
xonpinse Anrnia mi tn tponsn eI amezs clinastia
nopmans. EA tntpodsse sistema +esdans In toats
stpsiunigia , liii domni Ica n clesnot . Nemsnusmi-
paa Anrninop icx nsoa dinastie o tmantnzi +isA si
BiAxcATII II, na 1087, maT snsBind penauiine +esda-
ne amezate de tatbn s. Xenpix II, momeni dena
msmssa , ire epa npinuess Opanuezs , o msnuime
de nponpietsut tn (1)panua; }rape agaasta ma! Ho-
upinse Wi Ipnandia. (1)im sit Pixapd , nsmit ini-
ms de net, Aa 1189, tntpenpinse o esnediuie rcpsiria-
ts; dap din npivina trepteT sane iIiAirI Asrsst pe-
Ilene Opanui ns +sits isnpsBY map! . Aa tntoaptre-
paa sa, tieptat +iind de +sptsna mspi, xszs tn mtT-
pule As! Xenpix VI tmuspatsn Islepmanii dena Ha-
pe se psswsmnsps Rs BanT . Opatene Wi sIxtreso-
pse sst Ioan n-smit +sps uaps , na 1199, Bps ss
adswb xnepsn xa ss attpne de dtnssn ; liana tn ana-
tematizs, mi peratsn Anrnii tn dete +esds perlensT
(1)panuiT . loan snpe auiI pedostndi statsn se pews-
nosx-s deBasan an nand.; dap ws atmasta ssErbps no-
Eneua uspi, ne nape nB o nsts tmEntnzi, de Rtt
dtnd mapta VCR mape, Rape este temenn dpentspi-
nop wi niseptsuinop Anrninop. Sin (PIA SIT{ Xen-
pix III, na 1216, se dete o +opms persnatb napna-
mentsnsT de Bios sat xamepi Romsninop , nape, din
npesns xs napnamentsn de sss sat xarnepa Aopzi-
nop adiwb a nonneui mi a KnepsnsT, ape si tnrpi-
wasits de netil, de dwatdil mi ante tpeBT ane statx-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 107 )(
Ala . In timnsn nsT Edsapd iir, na 1327, plsuotim
awn tndensnrat tntpe Anrnia liii (I'panua se tngetnt
us attta nopogipe, tn tat Xenpix V, na 1415, se in-
titxn% pege an Anrnii nil an cDpanui; dap s-sn Xen-
piu VI, Anrni nepdspi toate uonpindepine /top din
(1)panua . turpael thin age-asta isesuni tn Anrnia
sn SBOF giein tntpe dob ()aminil Iopit Ltd Aan-
uastep, nsmite xiii tpandatpipsn a AB wi tpandafpipsn
pouts , Rape npetinde-a tponse, uxi nenopottipine Ala
uin-spi 30 ant.
It a ni a; statene 'le se +opmapb aig1.
Itania din disnstene tmnIpauinop ilepmanii xci
Dant se 4)onosi snpe a'inT doutndi neattpnapea. In
getItline e indxstpia, itomeptmn mi o lantspb mai
tual.1.1) se dessonta ic mape nopogipe. Dopitoape
de .niseptate se ssetpaseps de stet astopitataa ljep-
liana , mi tntemetapb maT inside pernsBnigete. trt
snene din ageste pensuniql se pidittapi nime 4)arni-
ni1 tnsemnate npin Bortuiine sat dsxsn nop, tui tpa-
sept Watt, nstepea ea sine. 1Ipin Ban! sat ante
tniacnoatte doetndipb mournipe xiii titiorpi de DsqT.
Ast(Pen s'a tnttmanat K'S SaBoya wi ic Minansn. !En-
da agestopa s'at spmat mi tn ante penssnigete ane
Itanii, npettsm tn Mantsa Ilisa, Alma Siena mi
Onopenua , slide tFaminia de Medigis, aucsnrtnd na
nstepe , a (lost mape npoteutpiui a aptenop mit a
kuiinuenop. Dap mat msnt de tat toate statene age-
stea s'a tmnstepnigit pensenixa Beneuii mi Ijenoea
npin indsstpia, npin nasirallia xiii NomeptutrA nop.
In ("Fplintaa atiestop pcinunitiT era o apistolipatic mo-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 108 )(
menitoape ic n Dove . Ageste state at tr4Aopit
ma! gs seam, tn timnse esneditgiAop gpstiiate, land
n'at tpas ea sine nsmaY tot gomepinge Aesantin,
at gonpins mi Arany! Aa mapaa Naarpl, in Apxi-
neAar , Mopea mi anteAe .

Statge IIanieop; nstepea eop xxea

tnrpozitoape.
4.n timnge esnediniiAop gpstiiate Ilani tntemeia .
pe, statse gisepivesit ae !lop. Aa dlniiAc AV Ilinin,
aee mapeAlsl Kapoe, ane Otonieop mi ane antop pe-
ip adlorare npoupietluiAe liontesi Matiedel mi aM
te dtnit, mi (popmapi, o ratepe Almeasim tnsem-
natl. . Dap nstepaa eop tiaa tnrpozitoape epa %ma
snipitsael, Rind &list masga peeivii soi-a SI dom.
=awl, neste tom, esmaa. IIpin stIpsipsa de a se
*ntpenpinde esnediuil isptgiate am) lapopa el se so.
gotaa monetenil, tml tntinsepl ampisdiguia op nt-
ma tn Asia. Ilpin rasAigapaa dpentsAV ganonig,
n gape se gonpindaa toate dpentspiee lie el tinl tn.
ssma , mi toate npiseAevene geepSAIT Intlpite de
dtnmi , tntpodssepi o AevisAauie nosl. El tlepaa
deAa toate stateee ssme map! de Ban! SIB cIeespl
de npetegste; stptnvaa Borluir npin dlpsipe de pan-
rsp/ sisepivemr, dpentsp/ , disnenzil, sat npin in-
thAvenuil, opl eptapea irmiateeop ne Ban!. Aub-
pltopl al aqemil nstepl asea tleteee tieee msete de
mesrlpl tntpe gape ma! tnsemnaul epa Opanvis-
rani mi Dominigani ; npin Dominiganl Intemei-ap%
ingsisiuia, sa tpissnaese aloe snipitsaA nape alma
dperit de a gIsta, de a nadiga mi de a nedensi ne

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 109 X
epetiL mnpotiBa aqestst desnotism an Baninop
se pidixaps mirnut wipBaut; dap sndpssnaana nop o
nestips ic nepdepea Bieui . Katapi, Bandensi, A-
EiiCflSi souietsul tntpetit +vs mimenspiut rpo.
zaB, nentp IVb ng Bpea si xsnoasxl domnia Ba-
ninop ; mi nentps xs npetindaa Ra Rpernini ss'ml at.
Rs eineptatsa Beice, mu penigia ss se pecFopmeze ds.
ne scItnta sxpintsps. Mat ttpzit, 4a 1387, loan
Bixnecp, Dostop dena Oxs(Fopd din Anrnia , se ps.
diRs xs mat nrsnts enepr,de mmpotisa Hariinop ui
a xsnsrspinop , tmnpotiBa Borsuiinop qe a stptns
mi tmnpotiBa tnnoipinop qe s'at tntpodss ni penivie
mi tn Bisepixs; am-a tnss tad was mtntsi Biaua de
npironipine ge'l tntinsepi. Dgni, aqesta, loan kss,
npocpesop Aa sniBepsitatea dena Ilpara din Boemia,
a pe'nnoit tromultIpiAe ANT Bixne+ ; dap Riemat i.
ind Aa sosopsn delta Konstanua Ra s dea smote-a-
Ai3 de tnBsustspine sane, ea 1415, (fes aps de Bit ;
asemenaa soapy], ass dsne dtnsse mi npietinse sit
Ieponim . Komnatpioui nop anepraps na apme Ea
ss ne puBsne moaptaa, mi, SIB Romanda iY Zis-
Ea mi Hpotton, (friatspl inset de siqr 1 Si1j1S+
msnd tmnspatsest ilepmanii mi npinuinop et. Dom-
nia qe-a tnrpozitoape a Ilaninop tui asszspine gene
mute , no s'at 4,ost tntpochss ic timnsn tn pelagic:
mi BisepiRs , at cpsxst ss se simus tpessinua de a
se peslopma Bisepixa . Atmasta o stpira irs nsmaT
ni oamenT tnsluauT, si mi map sni din ssBepani
Esponi. Snpe aqest s(Ftpmit s'at ad-snat niwe so.
soape; dap aqestaa a closixst nsuins isnpaBs. Siim.
na nImal nepsoane4e, dap impspine mi amzspine
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 110 )(
eimtnaa tot Ka mal nainte. Ilinstaa a1en81 mape
nsicps a peclopmauii s'a nistpat nentps nepiodst,
ispnritop.

Peratsn amtndspopa Siginiinop.

Peratsn. anttnchpopa Siginiinop, tnterneFat de
Nopmani din (1)panua, a tpeRst npin tmcssispipe ea
tmnipaui ljepmanii din (Faminia Xoxenstas+inop.
Konpadin gen din pm din agaasti claminie clas
deBanitat, mi npin intpigine flarnAop, Kapon d'An-
ncs, npinu 4.panuez, Beni mi se 43.11{1 pege. Dap
tmnpothca Opanuezinop se cllopmi sn Romianot rpo-
zaB, Rape izmcni , .na 1282 , npintp'o migenipie
Bpsnti, nsmiti Besnepa Siginiani. (1)panuezi se
ronipi din Siginia mi ne spmi mi din Neanon.
Dsni ageasta peratze. Neanonans1 tui an Siginii se
sni ic Suania.

EABeUia.

Enne0a tn Bexime uinaa de ljeprnania. Oape-

Bape cparnini/ noBine mi ()ape-tope opame de aiqr a-
annsep% na o nstepe tnsemnati. Psdon4 XaBes-
Bsprsn tmnipatsn Ippmanii aBaa mapT nponpietiul
tn EnBeuia. loisn sit Annept a Bpst toati uapa a-
gaasta s'o (Facci nponpietate a sa. Ilpin npecl)elcui
sir gel tipanT a adss ne nixsitopi de aig1 na ne-
sscl)epipe. Binxenm Ten, omoptnd ne Ilesnep, gen
mal Bpsd npecFecct a dat semn EnBeuii Ica si se
pidige tmnpotisa As/ AnBept. Mal mutt' [per Ban-
toane, ne spin% Wi antene se snipi nentps ampa-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X III X
prra Aiseptsui, mi Aa 1308, (Popmaps o mauled&
pauie de Rantoane, Bs Ronstitsuir mi rsRepne perm-
RAiRane. D841 de Asstpia nepdsps msAte apmiT
Rpind a ssnsne ne EtReuianT ; Rvir avemia npintp'sn
natpiotism tmloRat Wi npintp'o Ritezie paps mat tot
d'asna (1)Ip13 Ripsitopt , ruins Rind mar tipziii npin
naxisa Best+aeiRs Ai se asirsps neattpnapc-a nentps
tot d'asna.
Perateee Rpeigine din Suania.
Peratete Rpenline din Snania se acFna in psssoae
neRontenite icg Apasi, Rape epa tinrmpuiut mi des-,
rinaur. Apasi nepdsps ics tntretsA toate peratene
Aop, in Rit in scpipmit Ae psmase nsmaT peratIA
Fpenader . Din peratene xpewine npin snipe se 4)op-
maps dos perate insemnate at. Aparonii mi aA lia-
stiAii; dap uii atiestea, Aa 1479, se snips intp'snsA
npin Rssstopia pelletal elepdinand KatoAiRsA KS
IsaReAa pegina KastiAii. Atsntir Apasi, Aa 1491,
nepdsps mi peratsA Fpenadet , uii toats Snania epa
sn stat Rpeizin .

PeratsA IloptsraAii.
IloptsraAia, Vind din ReRime Snit% Rs Snania 9.
aus tot atiecatur soapts Ra WI dinsa. 1n psscoae-
Ae gene nopogite ate npinuitop xpekuira din Sna-
nia ics Apasi, Xenpirt sn upinu de Bsprsndia, npin
mitezia sa imnpotin ApaRiAop mepits floptsrania
Ica o slesds. Anclions (1)isA aqestsia, inspinds-o
npin Ronpindepi dena ApaRT, As% titAsti de pegef

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 112 )(
tui IToptsraela, ea 1138, se clmit-s perat. Attest mitt
Stat n'a ilirspat nimix in Espona Inset timn, num
Rind npin nasiraula mi Romeptn-se s1 amnse ea o
nstepe ensemnatl; iui npin a+napaa dpsmIcesr na
lndir ne ea Rause de Rona snepanua, dete npittins
ea desRonepipaa Amepitti.

Peratte Danimaptii, Sseuii mi Nopsevii.

Nopdse sRandinasiR snde este DanimapRa, Ss.
euia wi Nopsegia, n'a (lost IssnosRst Inset timn,
de tat npin nipatepiine Nopmaninop. lii intemeiepaa
mi eluipsa Rpetainisnrsell in nIpuiee attests-a npin
Rlesrlpiin Ansrap, se acpel ri aitit se intemet-a-
sepl de mut tper perate: ae Danimaptti, Sseuir
mi Nop Recta, din Rape ae Danimapyi s'a insemnat
mar mset. Aa 1397, Sseuia mi Nopsevia s'ait snit
Ri DanimapRa npin insoipsa deea Kaemap in tim-
USA peviney Maprapiter; dap mar tipziit tap se des-
rinapl mi (lopmaps perate deoseRite.

Peratse gnrapii.
13'nrspi sai't Mariapi enip din Asia Rltpe scIip-
mitse esaittesr 9-eaa, sut o RInetenk nsmitl AA.*
ins; mi szst Apnad Ronpinsepl Hanonia, Rape de-
ea dinmi npiimi nsmipe de Unrapia ; tot atsntir Ro.
npinsepl mi Tpansiesania. SleRatitir Ra mi Xsni
mi Aeapi, at impopa se zittaa ici sint stpinenour ,
neodixnipl ulpine Bettine, dap mar Rs saaral ljep-
mania, nth% Rind se Ripiipl ic s. desIsipmipe ea Aex-
clend ninri iisrssspr. Dun awash, nenopotzipe

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 113 X
Ingenspl a se statopnigi na n AOR, a se tndenet-
nigi Rs esRplpine trbgi , mi a se desspvta de trb-
passpine gene sapsape. reiza, trbnetenia nop se-
mint Rpetzinismsn tntpe dtnmi!, mi 4ii slit Ige-
(Ian tr. manse tn ton]) uapa. Igectan , na 997,
npiimi titnsn de pege , sni mi Tpansinsania its 'Un-
rapia , mi npin amerbmintene sane nyse temett ea
gisinizauia eT. Ssst spmvopi pegi se achorl na
dtnsa Kpoauia mi Danmauia. reiza II, na 1155, a-
line din Ilepmania msnte mil de Rononistt, Rs Rape
imnonses Unrapia mi Tpansinsania. tn timmtn Ai
Bena IV, Monroni sat Tatapi mistiip% toate vcbpine
Unrapii; dap adstandsse Rononit nos% din ljepma-
nia mi Itania , se pbditcapb tn rpas% npin indsstpie ,
arpiRsntspb tui nstcpapsa. minenop. Stinrtndsse di-
nastia Apnadiatrb peg! din deosesite 4amiAiT oxna-
pi tponsn Unrapii , dintpe Rape gen ma! tnsemnat
a (Fost Asdositt gen mape Aa 1342, Rape tot de o-
dam epa mi pege an Uononii. 1n timnsn agesta se
isip% Tspvi Osman/ Aa nmpginine Unrapii. Sigis-
msnd tmnipatse Ilepmanii mi pegene 5nrapii, na
1396, cFs sltst de dtnmi Aa NiRonon. Asemenea
mi peueee Bnadiseat, Rape epa mi petie an Ilononii,
na 1444, se sipsi de dtnmi mi se omopt na Bapna ;
dap Pomtnse loan Kopsins sat Xsniadi, nrnepnato-
pn linrapii , Rape Ra Boesod tint% an Tpansinsanii
tn msnte wafted! sprite sitSse mat nainte ne Tspia,
Ea sn zid neRnintit a onpit Rs nopogipe wbsInipine
nop. (Me agestsia Matias Kopoins, npiu tanente-
ne sane minitape, a adss Znrapia na mlpipaa ba (Ida
XV.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 114 )(
rim; Wi npin npoteRuia qe dete aptenop mi fljin-
ueop, a Indirsaeo na xn nsnt de tnclmopipe trisem-
natl.. Dxrrb dtrisse. tntrensp% trepte nentps tpon;
Tiptri se +mop% tap tndrbsneul. 4n nenopotrita
Ettbnie dena Moxatr, na 1526, sipsindsse nrpi
no denstpmipe de Ss /Annul Soneiman II, mi omo-
ptridsse mi pegene nop Mdosix H, Unrapia tngeti,
de a ma! (Di stat neattpnat, inn tpews Aa Rasa As-
stpii.

Peratsn Ilononii.
Seminuiine snasige, amezate tn Ilononia , tnte-
mer-aps sn stat ne na mini/km(1re seaRRAIT an 6-nea.
gen d'tnttrir Dstre an nop a (Post Aex. Ihne mal
nrsnte ssirrimpl se anese Dstre, ne A.a tinenstin
seaRsAs1 9-Aea, sn u.bpan siptsos nsmit fliast, Ra-
pe (Fond% o dinastie tie a uinst mut timm Dstre-
ne Miegreseat tntpodsse Rperginisnran tntpe riononl,
ml Bonesnaii gen sits-az, Aa 1025, An titian de pe-
w,. Bonesnat III-nea tmni,pui peratsn tntpe natps
+1/ al sbl, uii nene din nIpuine All ns se mal s-
nipi ici dtnssn Mut odats. Ihstiipine MonroAinop
a sAit uapa ; dap n'at npodss anti, sRirnsape to
niantpse status/. Ks Kazimip gen mape, Aa 1370,
se ismipiBi dinastia niastiwb. En .isi n nsme As-
Sdat Denys nsoa opranizauie mi Aegisnauie tre de-
te peratsma; wi nenp ic airbpa ne whpanT de
wbtpe nosier, s'a nsmit mi pegene wtpaninop. Ds-
trb dinastia niastiwb se totemeie dinastia Earenoni-
wb. Ssst peili din dinastia atreasta, llononia dostn-
di Aitsania L.ui o napte din Ilpssia; dap nosini tua

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 115 X
Inssunprn nime dpentispr atit de nemptlinite, th Rd
(Imp, dinan us se nstea xotlpt mi mine in Astipa-
pe nimiR. Er sinrso (Dopma natia desnpe a tpeta
Rnas% a yetlueninop n epa nopsl, till ulpansn a
Rizst in Itsa mat adtinrn posie.
Peratsn Boemii.
Kupe mimeo Ian neaxstalt 6-nea, ninie seminuit
seaaige nsmite gest neuipl ml Ronpinsep% Samna.
Mapene Kapon o sznsse , nil ne Dsai et st (Ivsits a-
tipnaut de tinnIpluia Ilepmanii. ntpodsgepea
Rpenlinismsesi athse Boemia na o stape mar BEng..
Otoicap I, Aa 1200, dosindi dena (Dinin de Ssania
peuene Istepmanii titnsn de peae nentps sine mi op-
urntopi sin. OtoRap II sni i peratsn si Asstpia,
Stipia mi Kapintia; dap i 4e Ali'b untunpats4 Psdo4
Xassxsprsn. JSx moaptea As/ Otonap stiprinthse
cFaminia nauionan% nape a domnit rani, 4a 1306,
Boemia OBI peip stpeint , dintpe Rape ge4 mat tn.
semnat a (lost Ioan Je Astmemespr, nape adnorb
Boemii 11,10 num; tui i oate ic epa opn, dete tb-
mcstop Opanuezinop tinnpotin Anrnie,op tint
nepds Riaua tii nulnia dena Kpesi, dsn.b nape An-
rid Ronpinsepn mai toat$ cl)panaa. Kaplan 1V, (pis*
si nai itrampatsn t1epmanii, truppsnisseurn Ilpara
Wi o imsormui Rs sniaelpsitate. SIR Benges4ai nti
Sivismsnd 4ii si nil tot de odat% mi ruumpaut al
Ijepmanii, isnsnni pusomn XssitiR. gen din sp-
nrb pege manintaan a (Post reoprie Flodiespad, na
1457, Rape (In anatematizat de liana , KIM upote-
iia ne Xssiut. Tn s+tputit Boemia npin monzenipe
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 116 )(
se Romp: na Mdosin II pewee Unrapii, mi dims
moaptea agestsia , ppm= Unrapia ama mi ea tpe-
xw na xasa Asstpii.

ImnIsp1uia Pssii.
Seminuiine seaeige, Nape se ainezap% tn Pssia ,
tntemeFapl NoBropodse mi Kieesn. . Ile na aarn%-
tatea Beawsest 9-nea Benip% nime gete de Nopmant,
ntmiut Bapegt, ssx Romanda est Pspix mi a dot
(1)pa) at sl.t, mi se amezap% tntpe seminuiine sna-
mige. Pispix zidi Aadora , xonpinse Noeropodsn,
mi nsse temei a n stat, nape dsne nsmene si
se zise Pwsia . Nopmani Bapegt se amestexapl Rs
snag mi ripiimip Aimsa Aop . SSKtlesopi est Pwpix
xonpinsep% Kiessn, mi se tntinsep% xs macFspine mi
nimdlpine nfn na Konstantinonon. Beadimip gen
mape, na 988, tom de nexast% ne Ana , o npinues%
rpeam, din Konstantinonon, *ntpodsse xpelminismsn
liii pitsn Eisepigi ims%pitsest, mi domni neste toa-
VI" Pssia dena Nistp llfflb na Aadora. Inumpui-
pea stases? tntpe 12 cFit at slt aes wpmnt pule.
Ileptene mi pusoaene dintpe dmmi si1nip1 npinui-
natene gene mild, *n zat niind Monroni, .na 1238,
mi Bipsind ne Psna Aa Don , domnip% neste Pssia
200 ant. Dap tri timnse agesta sn'bnind nstepaa Mon-
roninop, Than Basinieing , npinusn dena Mosima, na
1462, ssnwse mat tilt:FR npinuinatene psseint, ne
spm% Bipsi Noeropodsn , Nape &sue npinuse Anex-
sandps Nensxot tint dthEse cr.opmb penInnixan% ,
mi tn s(Ftpmit se arisrL si roneasim ne Monront miii
sm sxane Pssia de Hann nop. Dsne ge xonpinseph
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 117 X
Kazamn, IA 1485, amepinus SiRepii, mi ea o die-
ts mape 431xs nersttps xa Pssia ss ns se ma/ trn-
napus. ban Basiniexitt domni m Pssia Ica desnot;
dap tY dete neuRsipt Bsne.

Psinapea tmnIpsuii Eizantine.

Esnediaiine xpstliate ad snleit cloapte tape tm-
nspsuia eizantins, Rape epa srsdsits de attul Bpbm-
mint din aclaps, mi Rstpemspats de neopmdseni-
n e din nwsntps. Apmiiie Ilene nensmwate Rape
ad tpeRst npin wspine el 'kat sneit nstepea. In
scFrpmit o apmie de Rpsviaut Opanuezt nfl Bene-
Want a Eva s pestatopniveze n tponse Konstan-
tinononsnst ne sn tmuspat denss. Ks npineasse
attesta cIstandsse txpEspITT mapT, KaBaeepi nine-
nY, ea 1204, se cilanosips sive a Asa Konstantino-
nonse Rs asant, mi sive a cl.onda o tmwspluie
nsmits Lathy], , mi Rape uins nms na 1261. gen
d'tnttg tmnspat Latin a cIost Bandsins, Kontene de
clonandpia. ilelatiaMe Kpiviaul Bipsitopt Ronpinse-
pl deosesite wspl ane fmnspluii; dintpe tout mss
Beneuiani se cfonosips mat msnt. In timnsn age-
sta Teodop Aasicapi, snsn din cIaminia imnepians
rpeyeasxs, a isestit snpe a tntemeia ea Nigeta en
Asia o mnspuie rpelleasRs deosesits. Mixain Ila-
n eonorm, Isnse din swiesopi agestsia, ics am-slo-
pe TlenoRezinop, a stpixat minspsuia natininop Ra-
pe epa sioLsitl de Bsnrapt mi Potnmt, mi a stin-
nrstat slialrae mnbpbUii rpevelat kap La Konstan-
tinonon. A(Faps de tmnspluia dena Niveka, 1'peqi
4)ondaps mat mute npinuinate ±n Expona ml *n
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 118 X
Asia, mi aqaasta a Rontpixsit mutt supe a sAssi
tnanspluia . In timuse aqesta se ciopms HI Asia
mitts statse Tspqieop Osmanl, Rape Ronpinseps Its
tmetwe mal mete wbpl ane tnurbpsuii, mi amepin-
uaps map mi Konstantinononse. Snepiaul de mspi-
maa npimemdii mi (laps miaceoaqe de a nstaa swbna
de dinsaysnil din tninspaui rpeq/ Epps si smaaswb
sisepiRa rpeqaasics Rs Bisepixa pomans; xs sRou
de a tndsneeRa ne liana Ra si tndemne ne sue-
pani Esponi snpe ane da aantop tmnpotixa Tspqi-
/lop ; dap qaa maY mape napte din rpeql n'at xpst
ss npiimaams Rondiuliee trmoipi nentps snipe.
AstcIee tinwbpsuia rpeqaasRs, Rape dun:. qe Tspqi
iT Ronpinseps toate uspiee se mspuinaa nsmal
maT tn qetataa Konstantinonoese, a pumas Ica ss'iul
aigente soapta. Tn scptpmit IT xsts qaasse dun,
spms : Tspqi, ea 1453, Ronpinseps KS asaet Eon-
stantinonoese, nil Konstantin XIII 1Iaeeoeorse, gee
din spms tmnspat, mspi RI npieeasse aqesta KS ap-
mete tn mtwb.

PeE0AlcUlliie MonroitiA0p.
listpe tivrenstse naaRsesl 13-eaa, Monroei, ET-
nonsur tn Espoua stx nsmeee de TatapT, srsdsips
Asia rui o napte a Esponi. Asicsinua Aop opigina-
ps a cFost Monroeia ea miarb-noante deea zidspiee
Kinel , Tatapia mape nil Enapia. Temtgin sa
ilinris-Ran, o Rsnetenie a sue serninuiT, snind toa-
te seminuiiee monroeiqe, ne Aa 1206, Ronpinse o
mape napte din Kina, Btxapia, uspine deba mapaa
Kasnie, mi stpiRs ssetanatse Kompesmipieop din
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 119 )(
Ilepsia. Dsni moaptaa e81 tinuipluia Monroeieop
se tmnipui in 5 xanate. Xiears in nenot at. sit
psini tmnipluia Kaei(Dieop deea Bardat. Dap nss-
tiipt mat rpozaxe a laxst Bats, Karlin mi KanatSe
nsmit Kangas. Aqesta xonpinse Pssia, nii ne npin-
ui pun! at 4)131(1; tpisstapt; nsstii Iloeonia, Znrapia,
Mopaxia liii Sieezia, mi ne ipmi, ea 1242, se tn-
toapse tn Asia mini . Ns tpess inset mi tmnipi-
uia Monroeieop &nisi npin tmnipuipt mi nesnipi.
Timip sat Tamepean, npinu mix de Bisapia, mtpe-
upinse a o pestatopniqi din not. Aa 1369, nopnind
deea SamapRand, xonpinse flepsia, Apmenia, Plsia
ntni ea Mosxsa, nitpsnse In India, mi tn Asia mi-
xi sits Lui npinse ne Balazet Ssetanse tspqesx .
Bptnd a cFaqe o esnediuie tn Kina, mspi. Dine
moaptaa Asr tminpitiia Monroeieop lap xizs. IC-
me din nenoui sit nsmit Basic) tntemeie, ea 1498,
NI India o tmnipluie a mapeest Moron, nape uins
ntni ea Honpindepiee Anreieop tntp'aticasti uapi.
/Dana:T.1.0a Otomani sat Tspqaasxi.
Dsni qe at' seixit Monroei din xanatse Kan-
max mi a nipisit Asia mixi, Tspqi de aiqt tnteme-
kapi mat miete state mita. 15n Emip Otoman sat
Osman, ea 1320, tntemeie in Ssetanat tra Bitinia
mi nsse 43sndament xnrIipiuii Otomane sat Tsp-
merar, nape sti mi assm tn tpet niput aee esmi, m
Espona , Asia mi AcFpixa . (Pite si Opxan tntin-
ztndsse xi xonpindepiee ea 1355, As% raAionoAi
mu tpeRs n Esporta. Sietanse Mspat I xonpinse
Tpagia sat PSmeei mi 11a 1358, amezi pezidenua,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 120 )(
Aa Adpianonon. EA a tntotanit mi miAiuia qaa nosl
nsmitb Ieniqept . SsAtanse. Baiazet xonpinse BIA-
rapia, mi Aa 1396, Bltx apmiine xpewine Aa Nixo-
II0A; dap Aa 1403, inzi tn mtlnine As! Tamepnan .
(1)ii 611 se qeptapl tntpe sine nentps tpon; Maxomet
I tnn pestatopniqi inipaa mi nstepea tnurbpluii tsp.
win!. Mspat II nonpinse Sepia mi Maqedonia, nii
ISBI mi Unrapia . Aa 1444, sipti. Aa Bapna ne ii-
rip! nape rbiatasepb Haw-a qe o )Bxpaseps. Inain-
topine AsI s'at tmuiedinat npin Bitezia AST Joan Kop-
Bins mi a Ast Teoprie Kastpiota intuit SBandepse! ,
npintpA Enipvcsl. Maxomet Ii, Aa 1453, &same
Nonstantinonoese , im Mopea dena Beneuianr, iw-
npinse Bosna , liptmsA , mi ante ulpT mi insine tn
ApxineAar. Intindepine As! s'at ()ETA de xspawirn
Pomtninop , de tmnpotiBipea Unrspinop mi de Bite-
zia Beneuianinop.

fipinuinatIA ipi pomtnetzt.

Pomtni din uapa pomtnaaswb mi din Mondona
mi wbpuine el , dani tie se 'autos de rpextatea na-
ulinop %le stIpsipb tn wine Aop , nx. se Bxxspapt.
mserb Bpeme de AiEeptataa qe dontndisepb . gete
de Tspqt sat Tatapt sin nsmipe de Ilegenegt , Kw-
man! Uzt, IIonoBut, tntpe ani 915 mi 1186, Binaa
mi slump adese-opl naqaa mi Ainimea .nop. Neno-
poqipine aqestea tnqetapb, land e! se snipb its (Ppa-
ui Aop Pomtn/ dsneste Dstrbpe nd, na 1186, (Fon-
dap% o tmnIpluie nitepnixl, xape mint timn a (Fost
sualml tmammuii sizantine. Dap dint qe Tpeqi
tn anianwb its BiArapi snmipb avam tmIrbpbuie,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 121 )(
Pomtni din uapa Pomtneasxs se deosesips de cIpa-
iii nop , mi cIondaps dos npinuinate, swan dinRoa-
vr de Ont, mi antsn dinRono de Ont. Aveste npin-
uinate clasps slinspate land de Tatapl Rtnd de En-
rspl, ntns na senipea Ala Pads Nerps. Avesta Ra
Dime an Osrspamsma nti an Amnamtnst tn Tpan-
sinsania , na 1290, tpeRs Rapnaui ma o Rononie, nil
snind amtndos npinuinatene , din toats uapa clop-
m, sn upinuinat . Rend attest stat a tnvenst a se
dessonta tn essntps chns Ronstitsuia gel dete (Fon-
datopsn s, Ynrspi cfaatsps tn msnte ptndsp/ vep-
imp! Ripe a'n Ronpinde mi a'n sni Rs Ropoana Un-
rapii. Pomtni sss npinuse nop Mixe I, Bnad I,
suptnse Mipvea , Dan III mi anui tna anspaps Ai-
septatea mi penigia nop ut mape wepagtii mi natpio-
tism. Bpsaimant/ tnss maT npimemdiom! nentps ua-
pa pomtneasRs a clost Tspvi Osman!. Dap Pomt-
ni mi tmnpotisa avestopa des4amspaps o enepgie
iui sn epoism nauionan attt de pap, tn Rtt Tspvi, Rs
toate 'iKhLA liii sininuene nop, ns nstsp% +axle
din uapa pomtneasrb sn namantx tspven, chne tam
clstaps din Bsnrapia, Sepia, rpevia mi ante uspr.
ln notntene aveste stngepoase nentps antapene dsm-
nezeemT liii nentps Rsminene stpsmomena se tnsem-
naps npinui Bead I, Dan II, sstptnsn Mipvea, Dan
III, Bnad II, DpaRse, stngeposse Bnad IV Ilenem
mi anui . Dap tn scItpmit Pomtni ostenips clAp' a
snssi , mi nentps a ns satnta nstepea uspi tn pss-
soae neRontenite , tmiet-api Rs Tspvi o Ranitsnauie
vinstits , Ra s te unsteasRb sn tpisst ansan , wi
XVL

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 122 )(
n'ta Mt% administpailia nauionanl neattpnat7). E-
poismsfr attesta estpaopdinap an Pomtninop a (lost
rn mape zid de arrtpape nentpr toati Espona ; R.LtrT
Indenernitripi ne Ttptit tottma! tn clinoapaa nstepi
nap, mi t mniediRapb de a tnainta Eipsitopt tn Al-
sntpsn Statenbp Rpetzine snpe ants.
Stapea-Rsnitspi mi a nitepatspi.
La tniterrsoin nepiodsnst attestti-a a triknopit In
<Irmo uoezia Tpssadspinop, liii tn Ilepmania noe-
zia Minesenrepinop, Ripopa esneditliine Rpstnade .ne
da, matepie. destseb. In Itania noezia a anans Aa
demitetuipe npin tpet noeut mapt: Dante, Iletpap-
Ra ui EaRattio. Din cliintle se wsntisa mat Rs de-
oseMpe (Dinosogiia wi Teonovia unconastiwb , dpen-
tA xationix ru nsuintitcb istopie. n Itania a time-
ust a se tturbua Rapisnpsdenua ttisin% npin ostene-
nine ASI fpnepiel sat Bepnep. Apasi dostndipb me-
pIte nentpx matematitti ,Rh 4HziWb. Dintpe Rpetnin!
ntuini ge tndeneinittaa RI asemema tuiinue.
xi mi temita se Rpedea tma. de Brbadtopt mi (1)ep-
metti,topt . Vap esnedidiine Resgiate at adts o ti-
mini nos% asinpa BiAtipi Exponi npin tntindepaa
scpepi Rinotginuenop. Din% modenin sniRepsimui
din IlapisP se (Fondapi iniRepsitaut tn mal msAte
ulpT . Aitepatspa uii miinuene ns epa atinid npo-
npietate nsma! a KneplAST. Inmpeasspapea *EIS% Ra-
pe a dat wiinuenop tiondsn gen mat nitepniR a giost
autezapaa Tipttinop tn nIpuine pumaitsnit mi Asa-
paa Konstantinononintt. AtInql mar InsAill t11131-
'Put rpeta , npeRim; Etnanoin Xpisonopa , Feoprie
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X ,113 X
lietnigtie Iheto, BesapiQny uii Teodop rami Renip%
sn Itania, slide Aa 4)ainiAia Medigee rbsiim gen pat
_raw, npiiinipe. Ago "'peg/ dementarb math Ai-
-tepatsper xAasige, *cape din ataAia le*ntiuse neste
Expona dinnpesn% i idel mu nsnoillinue sonide.
Maw' nil qiimpon, Omep iii Bipijieie, se ivbsta-
p% mi se stsdiapl. êisnuT tntienspi, toate ujiine-
iIe a tnnia, uji enoxa ameasta s'a ustnit pestaspauia
miinueftop. 0 nkinuime de slipea u! map! iAfTlipapb
nentps ageasts cFepitaiti, apecFariepe npelnim. Aas-
penuie Baha , Epasms ,Potepodamts, PaixAiu ani
Ui msAul. A4mapea tinorwpii de fstemeepr, ille-
(tep mi Oasst a wilt incipAsinua luta ma! xotetpet%
assnpa nitindepi mu iuipi ittiop.. IDAnnie
klioia a a4mat Essona sat.' Romnassh 5iithi Beptohd
Seapu a acjihat npa(14A de nsuncb;-nna din bit a-
+nape a ,tntins naninauia mi nemulA:wiratt ide4 don
a suimnat maaniepa pleSBOVKAST mif a 'thAesliitiodesico-
nepipiee mi Honpindepine de niantnt liii ulpt nos%
tie s'at efrutst *n ne_piodsh -sTmItop. Toate agestea
at nontpie-sit Aa tndsAgipea de omue a impaespinop,
Aa denlptapea ae-szeeop dena nauiine Esponi, Rb-
popa s'a nperbtit dpsmsA Aa ma! *nant% IcsAtxpi.
lui Meieizauie.

Sta pea peAivii.

Tnainte de pestaspauia iineJop, peAiiia, mal
its seam% sn naptea ausssma, npin ssnepstiuid mi
neiniinu% tot mai msAt nepds cpopma gel o dete
mtemeetopsA s'bt. Se timinsipi dome novi, , se
tr1sKotiip1 o msAuime de ttopme yin uepemonil na.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 124 X
pe tnnenapb iz totsn mopaesiit nantienii mi denpin-
depea i tFante Esne. Nime doatopl tnaluaut sni-
ps (Ideosoclia ns teoeovia snpe a asima maY ns tn-
Aesnipe adeElpsA peeivii. Din atiaastl .snipe emi
teoAovia mnonastiwb. Eni din teoAovi miconastita,
npewsm Bestitsat AneAapd , lletp Aonmapdvi, Toma
Awsinatv% mi anui, se sinipl, a nIstpa wspluenia
npedinui npin sEpiept clonositoape mi dontndip%
mepite nentpa peeigie ; dap mast]) teonolAe nnco-
eastin% derjenep mat ttpzit tntp'o wiinus de di-
suste demapte. Imupotim miconastittismsest se iii
mistittismsn, nape n AOR de wiinurb achnwl, wpm
nentp-s peeivie o BontemnAauie natmhci . Mistiqi,
tntpe nape mat msemnaut a (lost Bepnapd de IcAep.
so 9 loan Taviep mi Toma a Remnis , a nupsns
mat sine &cm npewinism-sA-st ; dap mi eT eat' a-
EVIL maT ne tpm% din dpsmaA adeEbpsAsT mi ad
dat upigini, de mai mull nopsnuie a peAhjii.

.4004

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 125 X

IIIEPIOD 17(4
Deea desxonepipm Amepivi mi pe(1)op-
mauia eV Aztep, ntn% ea peBoetuia Opan-
laez1.; sat deea anse 1492 ntnl. ea 1789 dB..
n3. Xpistos.

Desxonepipiee Hoptsuezieop..
Desxonepipea Amepild sat a elmi no r]. s'a npe-
ri.tit npin desxonepipiee Hoptwvezieop. Intp'aina.
stl nauie s'a dementat de timntpit simute de a tn-
tpenpinde me1topir denapte ne mape nii de a de.
sHorrepi nip! nexlmosmte. Dzirb Ile ea 1415, de-
sxonepipl inszea tlesta mi Madeipa, mi se tndze-
qip% de cIoeoaseee qe tpl.ve-a dintp'alreste eorspY,
se tndemnapi a naBira ma denapte mi desxonepip%
inneeee Azope, Line xansesT Bepde, SeneramBia mi
[Inca. Borwiiee lie ruip% aigT InKtpaviap% mtpe-
npindepiee sop, mi Baptoeomet Diau, ea 1486,
noti Rants As Ipivi, nape s'a zis Kanse wand n1-
demdi, mi desxonepi dpsnme ea Inane pg.slpite-
ne. Aet naBiratop Liam di rama, ea 1497, clmrs
Ina din tag imel.topie ea India, znde noptsgezi tn-
temetaps peeauit Komeptiiaee, cli.lorpl. oape-Rape
Ronpindept, mi tntienspl a npoBiziona Eirpona xs
npodsxteee aileY wbp! clepigite.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 126 )(
Desnonepipaa Amepiqi.
Dm], qe se desitonepi dpsmse ea Indil ne ea Ka-
LISA A4pii, Ven0BeZIA Itpisto41 KOASIBIB 4n)Rs sn
mean de a demonepi aet dpsm ea Indil ne oqsanse
Ateantix , sat de a rlsi lu-ap mi a natpa napte a es-
mi. Nenpiimindsise 'manse aqesta de wbtpe natpia
sa , Koesnm se dsse tn Snania , ea IzaReea pevina
liastieii , mi , arm insets stl,psipe , asia doRtndi
oape-Rape amstop nentps agent% tntpenpindepe ma-
pe . IleeRtnd ne sn oqean neRsnosRst ntrri) atsnql,
ass a se Alinta i map! nenopogipT , mai ic s. seam%
no nitue toRaplad peReer Rape , desnuilaidsiut de
a mauve ea Uinta eop , Bpaa sa'n apsnqe n mape .
Dap dsnl) o wbeltopie de 25 ziee nein% de tot ite-
ASA de npimemdit lioesms, ea 1492, ,,mpi ramtnt,
iui aqesta epa AmepiRa lioesms m tea RIeltopil
me mat tntpenpinse aim/ desRonepi inssee mi o napte
de Ronuinst. 'Tot Ram In tinmse aqesta Xaspae ,
In naRiratop lloptsvez, peeRtnd ea 1ndir (Fs tmnins
de Optsnr Rupe anss ni desRonepi Bpazieia. Dap
RoesmR, Rape tneesni Snanii Rorbuil nensmvate
mi Rape tndatopl eimaa Bane Ina desRonepipsa zoo
elcznY nos73, 4s (Foapte piplsnestit nrspi svax,
mi a ,natpa napte cle esme desacwepit$ de dtrasti
voapth =mum es1 Amepir Besnsuie. In Amepiaa
s'ait rIsit nwmal do% state mar miniAizate: Meusiao
mi ileps, ne Rape /le Ronpinse Snania ; ne neeaeaet
mmtnt ae Amepiqi se a(Dea nsmai seminui1 Eafma-
pe , stnuatiqe, dun, Kula se mat a+Al mi xhip a..
Rtm. Acimpb de Snanioel iui Iloptsvez1 (Filar], Ro.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 127 )(
npindepl aiql mi ante nauit . Dena desaonepips4
Amepiqi enioaqt s'at tntpenins xlebtopit ne toate
oveanene ; s'at desRonepit Asstpania sat Onanda
nor], opr Iloninezia , Rape cIaqe a qinqsa napte a
irbmtntsnsI mi o msnuime nensnrbpatl de inssne .
/monlfrbuia Ijepmanii; pecIopmauia
As/ Astep.
hi Ijepmania sss MaRsiminian I, se tntpodsse na-
nsa nssnixi , szs Rondiuie de a se nedensi stpaul-
nix gen qe ap tndpbsni a o TanRa; asemenea se Asa-
p% mIsspl wi nentps ante institsuit iid amezIminte
npisitoape ea dessontapsa din nisntps a tmimpluii.
Dap esinementse gen mat imnoptant din limns', a-
Resta a 'lost ingenstsn peciopmauii sisepiqi , Rape
se :tarn:awl, tn ani din spurt. at As! MaRsiminian .
Elpsatse Rape a 4mxst anaasti mape pesonsuie a
(Fost Maptin Astep an RInsrlp tusluat mi xsqep-
nix , dap mi cFspios late o data.. Cind-R% TeeA,
sn imnsrlp Dominixan , (Inqaa din nopsnxa flani
En nerou sptt xs indsnvenuiine , AsteP trmens mat
rnttiii a npedixa nsmal tmnpotisa nop, mat Ile spnrb,.
na 1517, issi toate tnnbultspine Ilaninop , mi ass
Rspatpt de a aRde tn nssidx o Rapte de anateml
qe Harm tpilnesese tmnpotisa As!. 1n ast(Fen de Ida
Astep Rs tout naptizani Si)! se desrini nentps tot
d'asna de liana mi de sisepixa poman% . SaRsonia
a npiimit frati-t tnalubtspa Alt Astep; de aiql se
tritinse npin ljepmania mi npin ante state ane Espo-
ni. Bisepixa ausasta now') s'a nsmit Astepanb sat
Esantlenha. (1)i.ind-rh mat tot nitp'o Bpeme os As-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 128 )(
tep se pidixase mi Ueineni tn Enseuia tmnpotisa
*nesustSpel Haninop , mi (Fiind-Rs awash, doRtpi-
ns o tntinse Kanein tn deosesite uspt , BisepiRa a-
liaasta s'a zis Kanains sat peopmatb. Astepani
mi Kaneini s'at nsmit mi Hpotestanut. Dap pe-
(lopmauia ns s'a onpit agi. In Anrnia s'a tntemeiat
nisepiRa Mtepans nsmit% EnisRonans 1 nentpr Rs
a npiimit ss ales EnisRont, Rtnd qeinanut Astepant
ns aii . In sisepixa AnrniRans emipb mseut 4)ana-
tatit , tntpe Rape KsaRepi stnt mat spednita de tn-
semnat. In Risepixa Astepans 2171W13 at emit seRte
nos% a Xepnxstepinop, a memnoniuinop mi a Unita-
pinop . Rani ssztnd Rs Rs tntindepea pe4)opmauii
nepdspb state tntpevt mi minioane de slin'Sinl, at
nut mssspt snpe a onpi tntindepaa et. A tpimis
misionapt na India, Kina, Ianonia mi ne ea ante no-
MA/ idonatpi ; dap us Rtmirapea moinop szntml ns
s'at desmrssit de nepdepine din Espana. Jim mat
eneptiiwb muspb a (lost tntemeiepaa opdinsest Ie-
zseiuinop, Rape at nsRpat tmnpotisa pellopmauii Rs
map! isnplet ; dap tmorsuindsse ne spm% upaa
mutt 1 mi sptnd ss domnaams npetstindent, at tpas
assnps'ml spa de osme. El clsps roniut din mat
msnte ;DT!, um% Rtnd mi map liana a clost sinit
tn s+tpmit se descNinueze opdinse npin anatems .
Ants musps asemenea eneptliRs a (lost R% at tn-
demnat ne szsepani Hatonita , mat Rs seams ne tm-
nspaui ijepmanii , Ra Rs opt tie (Fen de miacnoage
ss onpeasxs tntindepaa pectopmauii.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 129 )(
Upmape a tmrpnpluii gepmanii;
plsnolse peeivios de 30 an!.
All MaRsimieian I, ea 1519, 'm spmat tn tpa-
Use ljepmanii Kapoe V, xape (Mind tot de odati
mi peve ae Snanii , mi monzenitop ae wt,pieop As-
stpiave , epa notentatse !ie.& ma mape din Espona .
Avesta es% nmsspY seploase snpe onpipea pelopma.
uii; dap ns isRsti. Desristat de rphniee tmalpi,
uii mi de Jame asdirx de slim. Boe. Sitht sxxveso.
pi slY spa tntpe Katoeivl mi rIpotestanuT, npin in-
tpitliee Iezsaiuieop, a xpesRst attt de inset , tn Htt
se snapse tn pissoRre peektios. Avest plssm-ii nape
uims 30 ant , mi nsstii ns nsmaT gepmania, vi mi
aete u.bpi, se tnvens ea 1618, tn Boemia, mi de a ,
ni se tntinse mi In ante input . Ilpotestanui axtcp%
amstoape tnmpotiaa ttnnwatsesI mi a Hatoeivieop ,
*nttliS ne Kpistian IV petleee Danimapvi, ne lipm%
ne rsstaa Adoect, petieee Szeuii, Ini ni scptpwit limp
ne Opanua, Rape, de mi epa RatoeiRI, dap amt.].
ne Ilpotestanut, nentps rz, anea de sicon sl &Amuse-
SR% Rasa AistpiaRi. Ostenind ubpuiee puRoitoape
se tnReie, lia 1648, navaa Bestqmeiwn npin nape
Ilpotestanui at' dostndit eiseptatea peeivioas1 mi
dpentspl de o notpial Rs Hatoeivi ; hap Sseuia mi
cDpanua dontndipl eoRspl tn gepmania .

lipmape a emnIpxuii gepmanii.

Aeonoed I tnunpatse gepmanii arts pisemii Rs
Tspqi ye tnwsntiBpasepl Biena, ea 1683, un isnrb.
XVII.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 130 X
Binds'', K nopoqipe npin venepatst Estlenie , sni
tn naqsa della KaptioBiu linrapia iui TpansitBania ic
Asstpia. Dap pissoft mat mape a +cost net Ks As-
&nix XIV petlete 43panui , nentps sswqesie tn tpo-
TINA Saanii. Imrnpattit Kapot VI, chni isnpini-
psa pissofstst aqestsi-a , Aa 1714, Elwin, Bettlia
Neanotst , Mitanst mi Sapdinia. Rapot maT rap-
t.", doi pissoae ic Tspqi: Ta get din ttFic npin na-
Ina cleta BasapoBiu Rtutiri Bosna, Sepia nfl uapa
Pomtneasiti dinKoto de Ott; clap tn atcloitea jms-
EOFc npin naqsa deta Betrpad pep& toate %opine
aqestea. Mt Itapot VI ti wpm, /la 1740 , +iesa
Mapia Tepezia , tmnpotiaa wipia se pidiKasepi mar
mstte nstepT ate Exponi , maT i saami flpssia, ne-
Bptnd sb o ease Ras], mokuens-asKi toate uipite An-
stpiatte; dap amstati de tnete nstept npietene, mat
ws scam. de Artia , etui Bipsitoape. Dsne Mapia
Tepezia , ta 1780, se ssi ne tponst Tjepmanii Iosi+
II, sn npinu xs tatente mapT, VAantpon, nfl i idel
de pe+opme picliqinate; narssi ic ssnsuii sit tn-
R'b epa Route nentps dtnsete Ica Si, te kuie npe-
usi. Iosi+ ri snipe ass Pssia desBise pistionst its

Tspqi , ne Rape tit isupiBi ssitqesopst sit Aeonotd

npin nags-a deta Sistos, Aa 1791. In timnst a-
vesta isasicni peBottuia +panuezi.
Perattt Ilpssii.
Ilp'ssia, nape +igea napte ta ljeptnania , se pi-
diwb n nepiodst aqesta ta o nstepe tnsemnati. Be
La }MARIA 10-tea, Bopssi, flpssi sat Iipssiani epa
idoeatpi, lui npin Bapsapia Aop ssnipa nonsti Be-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 131 X
mint . Snpe a'r Epeimina mi giainiza +3 tpimis
opdinsn Eaaanepinop Teistont , tope tn timn de 53
ant , npintp'sn pissoft xpimt tl ssnsse, sini Wb
npihneaswb Botezzn , mi Es indsstpia ml nerousn
s'air tntpodss ea dtnmi .nimsa mi oaigenspr gepma-
ne. Dap opdinsn SALBL R tinmsn, mi o mope nap-
te din Ilptsia Ems ssa Ilononia . Mat twanti sta-
topnigie dostndi flp8sia dsni ge se sni i EneEto-
patse BpandenEsprInsr. EeeNtopsn (Dpidepix Bin-
xenm gen mape, ea 1640, adiori wbp! mi atiairb
nil ssaepanitate. Cut sit OpidepiE nsi titnse de
pege, mi lIpssia a tnmenst a +irspa Ea perat de si-
ne . OpidepiE Binxenm I, a 1713, a +ost sn mape
elionom ; mlpi mi en Ilpssia Es tilp1 nosi , mi ds-
ni moaptc-a sa , ea 1740, AM% CIASAIT st Opede-
pit{ H Nan! msnut mi o apmie Eine disgineinati. A-
mest pege , tn timn-se rsEepnwest si-'8" de 24 ant,
npin pisBoae Its nstepine Esponi ntinse xotapiee
11pssiel, nfl npin neg.! tnuenente, npin indsstpie ,
nerou , apte mi niinue o ptdiwb ea o nstepe +oapte
tnsemnati. A +ost Espagios mi nopoRos tn pas-
Boae ; dap mape Ea pegent mi tati an ssnsminop
sit. SsE ssEgesopsn sit Opedepix Binxenm II is-
NwEni pesonsuia +panuerb .

Peratse (1)panui.
tn Opanua , dun desnotin AtdoEin XI, domni-
pl liapoA al.. VIII, ea 1483, mi Anima XII, Nape
s'a zis tab, an nonsestat na 1498. Amtndol age-
ksia se tnsemnaim npin nigze esnediuir nenopoqiie,
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 132 X
tie al *ntpenpins in Itania supe a doxindi oape-Rape
eoRtpl. Petree cDpangisns I, ea 1515, nsph, na-
tpt punoae zadapnige i Kapott. V tnurbpatte Ilep-
manii. Tisepnte esl se insemneazi, mar nyeet nen-
tps RI in timnte agesta a tngenxt rxstse clivxmoa-
sel eitepatxpl in topanua . Din tpel (Fil al wa Rape
domnip dm% thnste , Opanuisat II mi Kapoe IX,
epa upea tinepl snpe a rssepna peratte intim timn
Rind pe(topmauia Eisepigi a npodxs o clepsepe de
omze in dxxtp/. Domniiee eop ait cFost n mip de
plsBoae nexontenite , qe topanuezil Ratoeigl npta-
jm mnupotiRa Opanuezieop nape smxpluimasepi,
doRtpina isT liaexin , mi Rape in wbtae de ?BOK se
nsmaa Xxrnoul. Dap adewbpata npiin epa plea-
eitataa intpe qeee dab maY strteegite (Farnieil din
Opanua , a Expsonieop Rape epa innetenia naptide
Xxrnouieop mi a Aotapinvii Rape epa rbnetenia
naptideT Ratoeigieop. Dm% o nage nixes-am, ge s'a
(lost inReFat tntpe ageste do naptide, se clopm, de
Ratoeig/ tn Romneot imnpotixa Xxrnouieop, PA in
noantea s4intses/ Baptoeomekii , ea 1572, se mi,-
neelpipa, o nygeuime dintp'imui in Ilapis mi in aete
opame. liapoe mtpind de mitnipe mi rbipe, tt ip-
nr], ea 1574, Xenpix III, Rape ilssese mal intfF
petle in ITheonia. Agesta, lininthsse Rs Xsrnoui sive
a smepi semeuia Ratoeigieop cl)s omopit de sn EL-
9

rip cIanatix. Dgjm &Dm se tpxl ne tpon Xtr-

notte XenpiR IV, ea 1589, mi Ex dsnste ingens di-
nastia aspxonieop. EA imEpluilllind NatonigisnTsA,
mi npin edixtxe deea Nantes dind Xsrnouieop dpen-
tspl de 0 notpiwb Rs Ratoeigil 1 pestatopnigi nagaa

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 133 )(
iid Ainimca. l'snepnsA sit a +ost dpent mi stand,
lui na toate Alltimpiee sane nentpt clepigipaa Opan-
ui a clost =Mat de ministpsn sit Ssni. Kind Xen-
piR se indenetnigaa jçg neansn de a npe4lage Expo-
na intp'o penssnixi de state RoncIedepate , 4s asa-
sinat da 4)anatiRsn PanaTnaR . AsT IT ssRgedi , ea
1610, (lise sit MdoniR XIII, in npemaa Rips}a Be-
stash, Itapdinan Piumieo , nspti Ripma statsesT .
Agest Dive om de stat sdponi semegia Xsruouinop,
pni dena nosini dpentspl mi npininege , mi inte-
meie 11step-a assonsti in Opanua. lie ninri alite
intoRmipT (ponositoape Rs Rape a indatopat (I)panua,
a dat anatop npotestanuinop din trepmania imnpoti-
na Ratoniginop in pissonte de 30 anT , dsni Rape
npin nagaa Bes4aniwb Opanua dosindi nonspI din
Ilepmania . 1n timnte nenipsnigieT nsT AsdoniR
XIV, na 1643, nosini , npintp'sn plaSBOI-S ViBlA 115-
mit la (1)p on d , Bpspi si'mY pedonindaasiti dpen,
tspine nepdxte ; dap Rapdinansn Mazapin , mini-
stpun gen din tni 9 mi ma! tipzit AidoniR XIV, ne
apiti iti toati nstepa nop a tpewst na pegene. M-
doniR XIV domni 62 anT, mi in timnsn rsseprant1
sit mipi Opanua npin adiorape de WITT in pis-
soaene ge a nsptat its Axstpia , Snania , Anrnia mi
Onanda. IsfenepanT nestile , oamenT de stat insem-
nauT , nitepauT , noeuT iui aptistl nninT de tanente ,
claiRxpi maim As! 8118A din gene mat stpinzgite
tui maT nestite . Dap na sitpineue 'mind na Biro-
tepie nil penoRind ediRtse. de Nantes , a sinit sue
de miT 4)arainiT de upotestanuT Ra si a nsmea in
Ran ; Ritpe agaasta na moaptaa sa Aisi mi o dato-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 134 X
pie a stases! de 2500 mieioane elope. AsX tY spin%
strbnenotse s AsdoniR XV Aa 1715. In timinse.
rsEepnsesT atieststa Opanua a nepdst mset din Ra-
n noeitiRs lze aRsa tn Eipona. He de o napte ap-
zneee clpanueze tn pEssoaene snde at (lost tntpe-
Esinuate at (Imitst nsuirm impart, ; ne de aeta RIp-
taa peraei npin AsKSTA mi descFptinpiee sate s'a
demopaeizat ic totse. Mspind AsdoniR XV ea 1774,
els1 Opanua tn desRpeditse Exponi, mi mtpe a-
qaasta tmnoimpatl Rs o datopie a statses1 de 4000
mieioane Aupe. SsR stimesorge s Asclonix XVI
se tmens penoesuia cFpanuezl.
Itaeia; Stateee de ainl.
tn Itania , DisRatse SaBoi mi Iliemontse s'a pt-
diRat ea panr de perat sss n-smipe de Sapdinia.
Macaw Ilapma mi Iliagenua s'a dat (teaming (Dap-
neze. Dsicatse TosRana s'a ptdiRat Aa panr de
mape DsRat , mi s'a dat es/ (1Dpanqisits I tIpsatze
Mapii Tepezii Ks dpentse de seRsndovenitsps.
DsRatse Mieansesr ini Mantsa a imst In stmatnipaa
Asstpii. Hard tud mar nimpipl statse AO RI Ili.

qielleop se ezl deea Asstpia mi se dete Snanii

Pensmiqeee ljenona uii Beneuia nepdspi din bal.
.
nstse Bdeorna , Anliona , (Depapa , Panena mi Up-
Nratse Neanoeses/ mi ae anlindspopa Si-

noptanua nerousell eop, dsni qe se desitonepi dps.

mEL ita Indir ne Ala RansA A4pii. Beneuia a mar
nepdst mi mete Aompl dina49api) , ne Rape i Ae at
pipit Tspqi Osmanl .

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 135 X
Peratle Snanii.
Dun, tie tmnipatsn Rapon V a asdiRat a 1556,
Snania ics AmepiRa , KS uipine de mos mi Ks Nea-
nonse at pimas momenipe Ong sit dlinin II.
Desnotismsn mi illanatismsn sit nentps penigia Ra-
toniRi a dat fipitlini uipinop de MOS si se pawn-
teze , *a istt Dstiene de AnBa i toate tipaniine sane
n'a cFost tn stape de a ne ssnsne. (Dinin 43iRs o
+noti nsmepoasi nsmiti nesipsitb Ka si Ronpinzi
Anrnia . Esnediuia ageasta n'a issstit; statsn s'a
psinat, tn itt Snania , Rs toate Borbuiine sane din
MeRsiRo mi Heps, epa stpawb. Intper rssepmsn
.nsr (Dinin se tnsemneazi nsmar it o isnpaBi, RI
Ronpindepea peratsnsr Hoptsranir. Pegene Jiiiri
III, Rape fl spmi na 1598, Ea Rwm Snania n'ap 4)i
nepdst destsr niRsitopr tn pismane tatinsr sit nil
npin Rononizauia Amepitii , tmnins de (Fanatism pe-
nigios a ronit din statsn sit mar sn minion de Maw-
pr, pimimiui din BeRi Apanr. Swiesopse sit
(Nein IV, na 1621, nepds Iloptsrania, Rape full do-
stndi eiReptataa . Rayon II mvind na 1700 cFipi
momenitopr, AsdoaiR XIV pegene Copanui mAoqi
ita nenotse sit (Dinin V de aspnon si Ronpinzi
tponsn Snanii. flpin psdipea Rs Opanua mi npin
nopouipea lie a aast de oape-Rape ministpi destor-
nig!, Snania se mar ptdiRi nsuinten ; dap n'a mar
nstst mange nitir odati Aa itAoapea nii nstepea
Belie .

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 136 )(
Perats A Hoptsrati.
Peratst HoptraAii, npin Romeptust Rs Indiite,
npin nosesiite sate tn Asia mi AmepiRa , tui npin
rssepnst net tnuetent at pellets! Emansie net ma-
ye , Rape domni /la 1495, desenise sorat , nstepnix
mi tnsemnat. Dap maT tpzi sim, 1111 R'z s. tntp'o
tnimenytma.i% aht de mape , tn Rtt Coitin II pegete
Snanii tit Roupinse dinnpesni Rs toate uipite tie
attpna de &LISSA. In timnst Rend Ham suaniot
anisa ne floptsgezT tn natpia top , tn pisuoaene qe-
Ae nenopotiite ate As! (Mein II, mi ate ssictlesopi.
/lop sir, 43spi ataxau! Ica nime ssusua snanioa;
icomepthicei Ai s'a stpiRat , mi nosesiite din Asia mi
Amepixa Ai s'air Inuit lica ma! mape napte. 'In sclqp-
mit floptsgezi upintp'o peuommie sicinapi de lwsrst
Snanii , mi nssepl, ne tpon cFamitia Uparanua , Jka
1640. Dsni aueasti pesotsuie nopogiti Iloptsra-
tia tntiens a npinde nstepr ; dap tn npiaipsa Romep-
qmstsr attpna de Anrti. Ssa peljete Ios1(1) Etna-
mit , Aa 1750, tnclmopi mapete ministps Ilomsat
Agesta desposi Romernst Iloptsratii , tntinse mi
snpiudni dpentspite statstsr, pidiRi Aitepatspa rmp-
tsvezi pecpopm% statst mititap mi AIM) sn nsme
mape nentps toate tmstnitillipite Rs Rape a tnda-
topat natpia sa. DWI) flomsaA Iloptsratia tap tn.
mein a Stasi.
Pe ratst AflrAii, sai at mapi Bpitanil.
Xenpix VII pegete AnrAii, a 1489, sni npin
sitopie amtndoi naptidete Rape npetindsa tponst ,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 137 X
mi *mnIqnti pissomse qinin Rape a nenopoqit An.
rnia =Int timn. Xenpix VIII tpiwn , na 1509,
a (post itn npinu Banpiqios, 'tape 'n'T a sitimsat npin-
qinene nonitiqe mi mene Bisepiqmgt, npeitsm 'mt a
sitimBat mepine. Mat tntt'4" a (post n zenos aim-
jmtop an thsepiqi pomane; dap durb qe liana n'a
Boit an desimpui de o neBast% nentps Ka Sb *a He
anta liii ea mi anatematizat, a npiimii pecIopmauia,
s'a desrinat de Bisepilta pomarm, a desVinuat 10.
niampia, a nsat Benitspine mlnlstipinop, mi s'a de-
Reapat ne sine de whnetenie a sisepiqi anrniitane.
Sim 4i& si Edsapd VI, na 1547, Bisepina anrei-
Ran% npiimi o opranizauie statopnim" Ks tonepanuly
ititpe net de ante sisepign EA npin testament 1.1.-
sase tponsn nenoatel sane Ioana rpel; dap sopsa
Mapia , 'tape epa o Ratoni'm glanatim", npin intpitg
isssti snpe a se pewsnoame aa de petlirm na 1553.
Nothea Ioana I'pel KS toat% (Faminia sa 4)3 ostndim
na moapte mi npotestantismsn a (lost ronit Ks ma-
pe Sptlie. Dsni dtnsa se szi tn tpon, A a 1558, so-
pssa qaa Bitperi Enisaseta, 'tape KS toate semBigiR-
nine (temeeml, Hos toate Bwanit1uine indiBidxane ,
npin rsBepnIn ss.d gen tnuenent mi nopotlit, a n-ss
temetii na mbpipaa mmii ni.tepaa nFAii. Cind-Rb
Mapia Stsapd peqina Sicoii aBaa mull! naptizant
tntpe Ratoniqi Anreii land aqaasta ronit% de npo-
testanui Sito0ani , a (Inuit tn Aondon , EnisaBeta a
*Incise miii o ostndi na moapte. Dsn% EnisaBeta ne
tpoiran AnrAii se ssi ea 1603 Imam I peuene Sico
1Lii 'tape Inind Sitouia Rs Anrnia mi Ipnanda , ns-r
XVIIL

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 138 X
thi pEratsn agesta an Mapi-BpitaniT. falcon a tlost
In :nape auwstop an xatoAigistnsnst ssst a RIpSta
mastm fin! asitsndea desnotisrnvi ; uii de arma
nehtpt ill eA ni rptEaa a itnneini dopinua Ratoei-
nieop, atterkia tioalusiuy de Iezsaiut +mop% Ifi
RomnAot , immit au npacloses1 de nsums snpe a
snsisepa tn iltnt ne pellene mi ics icamepa de sss a
dapnatnntsist; stye nopotnpe ii011111/10t1A se de-
mi:kepi mat 'nainte. (Diu AEI Iaxos, Kapon I, na-
pe domni ua 1625, :ni a. epa annesat snpe natoni-
nism thi desnotism. EA tmciee napnamentse mi EIS'A
destlise 11 ant. Anrnia mi Snouia (Fepsaa de ne-
insAuttnipe . Rapoe. adsns napnamentan ; dap ds-
nS tie natouimi din Ipnanda npin wipea est Kapoe
a omoptt ne npotestanut , issssni o pesonsuie rpo.
kart,. Ijenepausu Rpoinseu se nsse tn +pvitea nap-
tidet rnnpotiaitoape perjeett . Kapon ii n Sico-
Ufa , dap cps ['pins mi dat napnamentsnst. Bptnd
rt Orb a tloa oar tn (13,panua , tarbuil ups npins,
siestietcat de napnanTent mi deicanitat. Atsnqt An-
nia e (Flits penssnint. Kpomsen domni ica npo-
telctop au permAigi, w nstepe nenmpvinit's , mi
in apemaa ilsepnsest si, npin aline de nasirauie,
Asse temel4 /la domnia spitanios ne mspt mi oaea-
he. *ist. sst Pixapd Rpotnaen domni nsuin tn a-
Toast], icsanitate. Sxoulani, npin venepanse Mona,
assep% tn tpon , ea 1660, ne Kapon II +isn deoani-
tatvist liapon I. Agesta ica mi tata,n s'bis a (Dost a-
nAeicit na satonigism mi desnotism. Ilapnamentsn
npin niule aide nasniste asirsrs niseptataa penivioa-
vb un tisa nepsonan.b. him II cppatene sit Aa

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 1 )(
1685. Klentnd maze Aiseetlui peeigioase, 44 sieit
m cpsrb tie (1)panua. Allred ea 1680 xiemapil 4%4
tpon ne vinepiee slii Biexeem III de Opania, Stets-
depze Onandi , szs Rape se pestatopnitti mom Fon.
stitzgie a Anreii mi se tntemee sanea Aondonsear.
DZI173 Anna cpilica ezt Iasos II, ea 1762, §TE Nape
Anrei din inssoBre nz Opanua Nonpinsep$ yippee-
tapse mi Minopica, se zpss tn Von Feoprie I Pex-
topze Xanospl ea 1715. SIM wit:1sta statze dostn-
di nztepe tn euntpz, mi in+elsinwb tn tpesiee no-
eitige a ee Ezponi. Feoprie II, ea 1727, se erne-
stilt% Rs nopouipe tn pssoaeee Ksponi , szmuania
anreo-indiawb dostndi dpent de a sneesca India, mi
venepalose et KAi1 3 tntemee domnia spitaniwb ea
Fanr. Feoprie III, ea 1763, tn p.bssm-xe es Open-
ua mi Snania dostndi Kaneda, kpeopida mi aete in-
szee tn Ameplea , tui Senerarnsia tn A(ppina. Szs
dtnsze stateee inite din Amepixa tint dostndipa.
neattpnapaa.

Stateee znite din A mepina.

In Amepisa sententpionael se tutememp% de tim-
nzpit mzete soeonil ; de Snanioet se tntemeie (1)eo.
pida, de (Dpanuezt K.anada, mi de Anrni Bipvinia,
Ilensiesania , Kapoeina mi aeteee. Armed lionpin-
sepl Ks timuse no.coniiee cppanuez,c wi 6nanioAq
mi administpa ea ne aee eop. Ageste Koeonit frf
sszpt time, npin indzstpie mi nerou, eamaserb ea
o sorbuie mi ratepe tosemnot.b. Anreia , sive a
se clonosi mat' sine de dtnseee, tntpodzse aqi o nom
sistem% de tassamie ini mononoese graamsezT . Ko-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 140 )(
noniine se pesontapl tninpotisa agestop nmstp1 ti-
panke; Anrnia fn AOK de ane asmita nntruppine
EAOR1 noptsn dena Boston. Anima 13 nposinuir
na 1776 se demapap% de neattpnate. 1n timnin
land venepanse nop Basinrton nspta n febssog de-
cilensis tnuenent , Opantinin wEsta tn Espona aniaur
nentps niseptatea natpii sane. Opanua mi Snania
se aniapi, lcs npoeinuiine amepixane mi Anreia se
inzs sinit% a peranoame neattpnapea ;top npin na-
Ina tre s'a tnxiel-at tn Hapis ea 1783. Ks atreast%
xon+edepauie de state penssnixane se snip:, ic tim-
Inn tui ante nposinuir amepixane .
.bpiAe de mos, sat Onanda mi Bengia.
Ulpine de mos , Rape astba se nsmesx Wanda
ml Benvia , air 43ost In sexime nponpietate a Dsui-
nop de Bsprsndia . Ageste to,p1 ics timnsn s'at a-
thorat na Rasa Asstpii. Kind Kapon V tmempatse.
Tjepmanii mi pevene Snanii a tmnipuit statene sane
entpe ckatene mi clise si, inpine de mos s'at dat
Snanii. Cind ici pe+opruauia s'a tntins mi tntp'-
ageste ulpT , cDinin II peuene Snanii , npin desno-
tismse st mi xpszimea DsgeneT de Ansa , pima S'b
ne pineasx% attt niseptatea penigioas% Rt mi Elea
nieinl. AtlingT mante nposinuiT mar desnpe miazi
noante *nicer-ap r. o snipe tntpe sine , Ica ics apmene
tn mthl wh'in! anepe Aseptatea . Ene cfrspi, amsta-
te mi de Anrnia mi de ante state npotestante. Sna-
nL 111118 ics dtnsene cn inssol-is de 80 an!, cimpiz. 573
Cloeoseasim qua , ntni xtnd natrea Best+anixi, ne
asirspi. neattpnapea . Aneste uposinuir xnitel Rape

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 141 )(
chrwb o uponinuie eat msmit Oeanda , xonstitsate
tn pernmeixl xi sn Statsdep, sat administpatop tn
Ramie tpexieop, se tnsemnapi mi se tnmorluips
npin naBirauia /top npin indxstpia , Bomeplinn mi
xonpindepiee Ise 4mrspl ea Inch? mi tn Amepitta.
nene-nante nponinuiT a.ne uipinop de osos, Rape us
se pexoetapi , plmasepl ispedingioase Snanii, rum,
land tpexsp% ea xasa Asstpii SIB msmipe de Emilia.

Peratsn Danimapyi mi NopBeuii.

In Espona sentemtpionanl peratene Danimapa,
Sseuia mi NopBellia aBea o disnoziuie natspani, de
a deBeni ne Isitat nil ne mape awa de nstepnime Ba
ml Anrnia ; dap desrinapa eop ee tmniedexl, mi
Ileeozia mi xpa,mmlniiiee Blubmapl (Fepigipaa slie-
xlpsi-a din ageste state. Dsni. =se Sseuia psnse s-
nipea dena Kaemap, Danimapica plmase mina Ex
Nopoevia. (Dpidepix I, A a 1523, dete peeiqii exan-
veeke denein% eineptate de a se tntinde tn amrn-
do peratene. Kpistian IV, ea 1588, ns clio nopo-
nit tn IA:SWF-WA de 30 anT tmnpotiBa Batoniminop ;
dap nnpi Trstepaa naBanl, mi Dani tnmenspl a Asa
napte ea Bowepmm. Indiinop opientane. ABT (Dpe-
deplit III, IA 1648, statene peratEnzT tT detep% es1
mi sIxtiesopieop AST wstopitate nenmpuinitl mi npo-
npietate mournitoape as-snpa Ropoani. Snpe nopo-
mipe nimY lane din petp n'a clvbitst axsz los aqsasts
nstepe mape. Opedepix IV, ea 1699, se tnsemns
npin amezlrnintene sane me a (I)mnit In Indiine opi-
entane , nentpx tntoapmepea na BpenlinItate a nons-
einop idoeatpi. Mar mw tnsi, dextt tour s'a stin.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 142 )(
asgit (Dpedepix V, ea 1746. Agesta 41z amtat en
rzsepnse s'xii de xonteee Bepnstopcp ministpse trbii ,
Rape itainr xa Danimapica s si pidige ea o ustepe
tnsemnat% upin naairauia mi Romeptnice sti , npin
apte Miinue mi npin eegiseauia sa.

Peratwe Sseuii.
Szeuia sastsptnd muse Danimapi, ea 1521 de-
te Ropoana Est csstas din +amieia Basa . Agest na-
pe npinu intpodsse tri Sseuia penigia eeangeniwx ,
4),)x1 peratze nstepnix , te auxin, tmnpotina xplac-
mamieop stpeinT, mi des.mtpuii xonstittuia din el-
sntps a status! . Dap gee mat 'nape pege an Sse-
Ili/ a ctost T-gstaa Adoe+, ea 1611. Aqesta tirbeux,
xpeditse Sseuii tn Espona . Dsnx ne isnlyssi Rs
nopogipe puBoHie its floeonia mi Pssia , wmpsnse
tn Ilepmania snpe a aimpa ne npotestanul icoppeei-
vionapi slt. Kz toate lux en. tin! nepds Biaua tu Eri-
tbnia dena Azuen ; dap sanueeapse Oxsentiepna ad-
ministp% statsn, mi genepaei sleul Ipmarb pissonce
EOM te isripleipx ai nopogipe. Kpistina (Finn es!
Distal] Adomp , ea 1632, a (post o npinues% +oapte
tosbuatx ; dap cpind de sn Rapastep nestatopnix ILA
xanpiuios , Abs% impoana , se clybx-s 1catoAiwI mi se
dsse ea Poma . Pegene gee mat estpaopdinap an
Szeuli a +ost Kapoe XII, ea 1697. Agesta tn Etp-
sti) de 18 an! BUS Danimapxa Wj o siei SI se tpa-
rx din aeianua sa Ks Pzsia mi Ilononia ; ea Napa
Ebts ne Iletpz meA mape tmimpatze Pssiet , intps
Eipzitop tn floeonia , mi mimeoqi Ica s se anearb
pole Stanisnail Aesuinsai. De aitir se tntoapse rap

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 143 X
in Pssia, ma! sits oda", ne Heys gen mape mi a%.
tpsnse nth% Aa Smonensx. Dap na Ihntata se Bi-
pi xs denstpwipe de Pstut, mi (Ingi Aa Bendep
sits upotenuie tspgaamm. Dn ging! an1 se tntoap-
se tn natpia da , slide na BeoRapaa tnet getlut din
Nopaegia 4i tmasuntat. toms dtnssn Sseuia tnge-
ns a snlni ; tn toate pbssoaene ge a amst zt Pisia
a nepdst tot d'azna wspl mi noRtpt .

Peratza IloAonii; psinapaa as/.

In saaRsn 16-naa stinrtndsse cpaminia Iarenoni-
nop , ge a domnit utni atzngt tn tionunia, peratsn
agesta deBeni eneatis . Apistoxpatia mbpginaa tot
mat mitt astopitatea perael, tui npintp'agaasta sic],
saa statse liii tmmsnwa tumepeaepine. Intpessin-
umd dpentsn amesta ea gen din tt npineas , anua
tn zege /ant a a/les ne Xenpia III npinion cppanuez,
Rape tno, els1 Ropoana Ilononii nentps a fl)panuiY.
In ',wise AST XenpiK se anese na 1575 lae(Dan Ba-
topi npinuse TpansinBanii Rape slts ne rsplit iui
ne Tamp/ 2 nu clytais invite trnsInvluipt nentps
4.epittipea Bononii. Dni 1Jean Batopi nig! lin
pole an agestst stat n s'a tusemnat mat n1E/it de-
iitt Joan Sobiesai na 1674 . Agesta slts tn dob
ptodspt ne TspyI mi aneprb snpe nuntsipea Bieni2
2

land epa Bnoaatb de dtmni. Dstrb Sosiesui do/ e-

neatopt at Sausonii at (post ne ptnd petit tn Bono-
nia . gen dintt ksrsst II, Aa 1697, a (Fast sinit
de Kapon X11 petiene Sleuii de a da aopoana ns1
Stanisnai Aesuinsai ; dap , 6111 ge Kapon se Bipsi
,na flutasa, o penpiimi. Stanisnat a itost sinit a se
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 144 X
MIAtilinli RtitASA de pege mi RS Ds Raze Lota-
pingii , ne Opanua tt dete ne BiaWb. Alt AIrzst II
e szaqeds Azrzst III, ea 1733, 4aA sit. Amen-
do/ pegi aqemia din clamieia eeeKtopael a SaBso-
nii ns nstspl twidinua tn peratsA eop cionositoa-
puke npoieRte ye 4YRRIsp% nentpS cFepiyipc-a AEl.
Astopitataa mi nstepaa eop epa 49oapte mho) mi
pinit. Dieteee ma! tot d'asna se pisinca 42.1-
Non/kelp , Rape din npes-
jYb S13 40i xotIptt gem.
n% R8 xeepse nee *met alma toats nstepaa , epa
nesnit% mi rata a ("age tEpBsimpr. Aiseptataa aqe-
ujil noRneue se lathe ziye RI este o sAmsozenie
xotap de a tspBspa mi de a nisstii natpia (laps
clpiwb de nedeans.b. Tn timu aqestop do% rz-
Bepne , disidenuieop adiin m1dxeapieop Bisepiqi
npotestante mi rpeyelal, LI s'at Inuit de Rltpe no-
Beeua mi Beepxe Ratoeiit , Bexiee dpentspl mu npi-
Bieegeee, mi npintp'aqBasta s'a dat npiiini a gene
malt map! desriimpt mi nenopoqipT. Sn StanisAait
IloniatoBsiti , ea 1764, twpmsplpiee ge ismcnipl a-
mepinuap% Ilononii o pini totaes. Se 4)1Asp1 ,
naptide Inil tmupotiBa antopa mi npetenuiiee Ae
snphuinea ics intim apmarb; nIstiipiee mi xplzimi-
ee se sIBtputa 4mpl Bpe o 4pixb. isn scptpmit tm-
rapitaasa Pssii, pegeee Ilpssii miii tmimpteasa As-
stpii , dEni qe qepRap g. tn zadap npin oape-Rape
sitimBipt tn Ronstitsuie a tImIzIsi tspBsplpiee flu
nenopoqipiee meee neupemipmate , A a 1772 xotipt-
ph St tmnapub Iloeonia , eltnd VeRape din npo-
Binuiiee el. NE tpeRE inset , fill dsns alicasta, tn-
ttia tinimpaipe se maY 4rbits tntpe nstepiAe agene

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 145 X
ml a doa , mi a tpeFa imwbpuipe, ta 1793 mi ta
1795, mi Hotonia 1F11 ineaps1 din nsmbpst state-
top Esponi.
tmulpluia Pssii.
In Posia , liasitet (Fist desnotusT han Basito-
BM , tenids nsmipea de mape Dstle at Pssii ea
1505, mi 4113 talcs de Qap. han Basitoaigt U, ns-
mit mi rpoznot, /la 1534, a mist Ina imssotii lams
xts tout Beilitli Pssii in Espona mi in Asia: Rs Ai-
tsania , Rs llotonia, Sseuia Rs Tatapi mi Rs Mon-
roti. Tot et a Ronpins Astpaxanst mi Sisepia, mi
te a tntpsnat Rs Pssia. ICA vaRgesopst slii (Deo-
dop se isnplai dinastia Alt PspiR. In timnst age.
sta a isminit in Pssia o anapxie de 15 ant. Steui,
flotoni mi atilt Begin! slimpap% Pssia xis mape
niepdepe de uipt. Stipa anototi tspEsplpite din
Aisntps mi a da statstst nstepe din acf.airb, Pmui
Aa 1613 ssip% in tpon ne Mixait clleodopoRiut Po-
manoa , (Fist Mitponotitstst de ta Postoa , Rs Ra-
pe se matter's o dinastie port,. get din tag uapt
din dinastia mea nos% ns se insemnapl Rs Iteaa deo-
seRit ; its atit mat mItt Pssia a tpas apiaipea Es.,
pcmi , Rind /la 1689 ne tponst et s'a ssit Eletp:a I
nzmit Reit mape 2 sn npinu inzestpat Rs tanente e-
stpaopdinape , mi dlpsit Rs o nstepe pap, , mi Ra-
pe Rs toe% dpentatea se nsmeine adeimpatzt Rpea.
top at monapxii psseint. Dsni tie nirailii ne Stpe,
tile , Rasta agea de mitiuie dtpan, Rape se imnpo.
tinea .ta toate pelopmete sate =late mintsitoape ,
XIX,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 146 X
anatat dd +asopiui si AecFopt mi Mentliaml), de-
te stat-aksl o +opal% nom npin ontspaxsapea inch-
stpii , a naBiranii mi a 1omeptnices1 npin npotex
uia apteeop mi a miinueeop, nii upin tot cleete de
institsui/ liii atherxminte clxmositoape. EA ns ns-
mat adsse mtenime de stpeinl nentps tnaintapea
xvitspel mi a liiMeisanii tn Pssia, mi sinrsp tn-
tpenpinse whel,topil tn Espona snpe a achna idel pu
ininominue mrmtoase mi a ee mdi tn slats", mi.
Zidi Iletepsxsprse mi liponstatse, ne eoxspiee 1{0.
npinsd de ea SBeia, an ne xape Ae a tntpsnat us
Ptsia ; de ea flepsianl xonpinse DepBentse mi de
ed Tsprir AV:415A ; mi dsni aueasta Senatte., Sino-
dte mi tot ncinsele tit npoicnatni timrbpat a toati
Pisia. AST tY ssdqedi ea 1725 nexasti-sa Exatepi-
ha, szst lope hientiidocp nspti xtpma tpexieop sta-
tsmil non, ea inoaptea el tot tn dsxse est Detps.
gpmitoapeee rixepne ae est Iletps II ea 1727,
Anna Aa 1730, limn 111 mi Eeisaseta ea 1740 ai
cFost mat ntnin tnsemnate: (Faxopinj /Lop at mist o
in+esinwb mtimibtoape assnpa tpesinop .
tini Eeisaxeta se ssi tn tpon fletps nI ea 1762.
Agesta Bps npin oape xape p4opme si tmifsnith-
gele Stale; dap misspiee xieee BJ1/I lie a esat tm-
npotha xeepsell mi a Marnaaieop Imin,p'buii, KL
fpe alkeasta mi liepteee tntpe dtnsse mum nexasti-sa,
at dat npii1m Ica s'b'n detponeze ; mi chin) moap-
tea est Aa 1762 em lig/ma statIAIT xidsna sa E-
zarepina U. 1:18X:SA 'lee nstepnid mu liliAlinat an tm-
n'hpitesi agemia , npin istitsuiiee mi amemrninteee
din hamitpl tui npin nitpsnzbtoapeee nrbsspl din

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 147 X
wimps , a adss 2ssia Aa agea ansiuitne wi a a-
gea in+Asintub an tpebine nonitige a Aft Esponi, ne
Rape a aaseo tnRoacti de Aa rsaepnsA el meA stim.
mita Ea mlpi statsA Rs nposinuiiAe meAe a Ho.
npins Aa Rate tpene ittumpuipiee Dotonii , nal Rs
gene tie ate a dosandit de Aa Boapta Otomans an dos
psssoae ge a aim as drnsa. 4n qe4 din tat ps-
ssoFt Rape s'a isnpssit Rs nagea de E.1-1018.1i Kat,.
napctiR Alt 1774, a Rantirat Ikpunte , AoRspiee n-
tpe nips uti Bor i Azo(PIA ml naairauie mow-
& ne Mapea Nearly,. AA doinea pisisoi R Tsp-
rd 'Aa nsptat th anianu% B Asstpiagi. trunspatlA
AeonoAd II a (Dost sinit ss HIRee nagea de IA Si-
stos , Aa 1701 , +sp a niepde sat a RtIniPa gem;
tap ERatepina maT npti sinrsp, plsnopst, num Aa
thReepea nitii de Aa lima , na 1792 , npin Rape a
Ramirat OgeaRoasA uii AoRspiee antpe Niaps wi
Nistps.

Imnspsuia Otomans sat tspvtastcs.

Inurbpsuia tspmeasta sws ssAtani Se/dm I, Aa 1512,
mi Sonetinan II, Aa 1519, a mans Aa yen mat tn-
nant mond de nybpipe liii nstepe. Tien din t)n-i sipsi ne
ilepsianT mi tntinse tmnIpluia sa an Asia nans na Ti-
rps ; stpias ssAtanatsA MarneAsvinop din Egint mi
din Sipia, Ronpinse nil Ilanestina, mi ne toate Ae 44:11.
RIC nposinuir tsptieml. Sonerman A insona Po-
dos , Ronpinse Apasia, AntlipsA ml TunissA; dap o-
ItFRA As! epa mat Rs seams assnpa Unrapil. Dsns
tie an sstsAia de Aa MCIxaq Eipsi ne UnrapTI mi pe-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 148 X
ee eop Asdosin 11 CIIRI se omopt 9 Ronpinse te.
tetea Bsda mi qea mai mape napte din Unrapia.
Sane !man tnnaints mi num ea Biena, dap cfelqb 1-
snpass. Sumesopi slY ea maY mape napte at (lost
oamenl seas!, RpesRsuY tn sapagi, Rtpmsiul de msepI
mi etnsxr. laniqepi, Rape at isost snaTma Exponi,
se ssesststlipl, is tnqetse , mi ii Rtt Rszs disqi-
neina , Rs attt sitszs mi nstepea eop. Ilami Rape
rssepna nposinuiiee se pesoeta addse opY, mi ns Rofa
ss ma! (lie slum!. Tn essntps in sapai4 s'ait tn-
ttmneat pesoeluil dese , tn ipma Rspopa se omopa
sletani , se ssrpma qopaui mi nrsepiee rpeee a ee
nop. De ea Soneman mi ntns ea sorptpmitse ne-
piodual aqestsia domnip% 17 sifetanY , nil tntpe a-
ttuea ns se risips doY pssRoTniql RspagiomI, ns se
aclies since Bipitop. NsmaY snit BezipY tnsenmauY,
npersm dol RtimpseY, mi dol IspaimY oupips stale
din Rsdepea sa. Zadapnirse ReoR Tie clybRspi, Bie-
ni , ea 1683, a (Fost semn de sessiqmcnea Tspqieop
mi a Inumpsuii atop. Imnspaui tlepmanii mi tot
de odats petp al Enrapii , esaps wspaw--ii de a se
110A0si. de tmnpearspapea aqeasta. tn tinmse es/
Aeonoed I, Dimeee de Aotapimjia All Bsda ws a-
saet , mi dsns Rstseia de Aa Moxaq, 1687, Tsp-
ii niepdsps qeee mai mete netsuI din Ynrapia.
IIpin namea de ea Kapeosiu , ea 1699, Rit niepdst
TpansieRania mi togs 15nrapia wimps de Banat.
Dpin naqea de ea nasaposiu , ea 1718, niepdsps
Banatse , Bosna , Sepia mi uapa Ponnineasits nt-
ns ea Get. Aa naqea de ea Beerpad , ea 1739,
peRtwiraps de ea Asstpiaql Bosna , Sepia mi uapa

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 149 X
Pornsneasits ; dap nS npin Bitezia eop, qi Konsia
depauil dineomatiqe at sieit ne tmnspatse Itapoe
VI Ica ss claws aqeste mept(Fe. Rend at tnyetat
A-sstpiaqi at tnqenst Psmi S'b 4ie BpsnimamY rpo-
zaBl aT tninlpsuii tspriewl. fipin naqea de ea Kw-
TISK Ranapiliic , ea 1774, Tspqi niepdsps Iiptmse
mi AOKSplAe tntpe Bor mi Ninps KS AZOCIAA. Bpin
natrea de ea Siston iAsstpiaqi , ea 1791, ns niep-
dsps nimiB; clap npin naqea de ea lam! tnBeI-ats
ic Psmi, Aa 1792, niepdips eolcspiee tntpe 1Ninps
mi Nistps mc OveaRoBse.

Ilpinuinatse uspi Pomenewl.

Ilpinuinatse mpi Pomtnezzl npin tnneepea Ba-
nitseauii ic Tspqi ns s'a asirspat nentps tot d'a-
Ina de itstpe dtnmiY. Swan Sonelinan II Bps npin
sieniqie S'b'A npecpaxs tn namaetx tspvesx ea 1521.
Pomtni, szst Romanda npinusAnr Aop PadirA de ea
AgamnauT, aeepraps ea apme mi clysiaps ne tspq1
ss pesneRteze icondiuiine BanitsAauii. Dap nenopo-
qipea de nape nvimea uapa mat msAt, epa n mint-
AOICSA eT. Snann-gA epa eeentin, mi amB Ia mBoe-
dea ne maT /mule de odats de a 'e ()Jana. Din
npigina tspEsplpieop qe se clmvea tntpe deoseniuf
npetendenu! , floapta denAapase de nasAt, wb ir na
pewsnoarze ne aAtsA de npinu ae uipi, de KA ne
agena nape Ea 4i Intlpit de dmsa. itn astclee de
nin npinui de mi se aAegea tn uapl , dap se tn-
tnea mi se snotea de Aa Konstantinonon. Thin%
;NOKIA intpigieop mi ae BaBaakeeop, sitimBapea npin.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 150 )(
uieop se cingea am de des , arm num tt nelgea
llopi xa s tparx (Do/Lone de ea nsoi npinuT.
Illipse agestop npinut cl)s mape, mi get mat mseut
at emsat mime nsmat npin domnit (Doapte swsp-
te, npin didit nor], , ml npin Bpszimt rui tipanit.
Kc ast(Dee de npinut , tntlpiut sat mi tpimiml da
dpentse din Konstantinonoe, se stpertspapb ics tn.
getse to uavb o naseuime de Tspgt , nape, Hs Btt
npinui epa mat seas! mi mat (Fpittoint, w attt et
se tingea mat semeut, to rot tn s()tpruit ns pe-
snerita anepea , ninstea mi Biaua lansitopieop, mi
nig! m-op geee scpinte ane peeigii eop. tn timnse
agesta de dspepe ml de ness+epipe nentps uapl,
se pidin% in suasn Mixaie Biteazse, ea 1593. A-
gesta nem% ne Poraint ea apme na sr, plsBrine ua-
pa tui peeivia. In BrAleiiee sane geee nopwrite
raipsi ne Tspta, rata& uapa de &nun mi mintsi
niBeptatea Pomtnieop. &we a asirspa wbpi nage Int
einiage, mi nperxti sn Biitop cpepigit, Bpi /m
mean mape de a Ian ne tout Pomtni din toate npo-
ninuiiee Datni Bent , mi de a cFopma sn stat Point-
nem mape mi rustepnix. Intp'adewbp ee 43s nopo-
git wi sni TpansieBania tni Mondona xs uapa Po-
rntneasrm, mi se tntitsea npinu a tpet wxpt. Dap
Bind epa si mat adamle ml ante wbp! a ee Davii
Bela, mi mud epa s dea sz+Aet avestslf stat Dori,
0 moapte xoueasnl te piui dintpe get Bit. Dsrm
raoaptea est Mixaie Biteazse, uapa 1-ap pbmase tpi-
nstapb flopui; mi asia dot upinut dsrux dtnsse ,
padsA Illepsan, na 1602, mi Mate! basapan, ea 1633,
0 uinspl in stape de pstepe din elsntps , Wi 0

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 151 )(
4).1)Nsi1 pesneNtatl din aclap. Ks foate atrestell
Ispqi se tnalnap% din timnir tpersur a ni mar ss-
mpa Aiseptatea mi neattpnapea PonitniAop. ET se
msAustnitym a saimBa des ne npinur, snpe a se 43o-
Aosi Rtt s'ap nstea mar mset. SAIsitnimea Aop mi
ptsroaeAe treAe nenopotrite 9 tle Ae nspta W IneAe
mi antene state, tr 4mitspl npetenniolur de a tm-
nowBpa napa ic qepepr tot mar rpene tinnpotiBa Ha-
nitsAanii. Mei) Ban KantaNszin, Nape domni Aa 1679,
mi Nape 4)rssese ic apmia Pomtneasim sive aaistop.
Tirptiieop Aa tmnpesspapea Bieni, smpBit de nelson-
tenitene Impel)! tre floapta 4:mgea i,pi mi trupe-
dinnat de sAg)Bitn-snea tn Nape se atAa Tspqi, a
4) bxst o xotIptpe tndimsneau% de a se sni K ks-
stpiaqi tmnpotiBa Aop, mi de a asirspa ipi o soap-
tb mar Bstrb. Dap simtimentse natpiotiN epa attt
de amopnit, tn Ntt mr se rbsip% insAur naptizani
nentps aqea idee nopoqim. Hoapta ne mar nsttncl
aBea icpedini rn npinur mem? de nap% 9 tmnpoti-
Ba inpopa opanapioui din Konstantinonon cimmea in-
[pint nexontenite, dopind s ansqe er domnia wopi,
se CPCIAOsi de Ainsa de enepilie nanionaAl a Po-
mtninop , deNanit% ne Konstantin Basapa8 Bptniso-
BeansA , Aa 1714 , mi ne JAe(pan KantaNszin, 1716,
mi limns a tpiinite npinur (f)anapionT. Pomtni //pi-
Biçvb RS intxnipe Aa pinipea atfeAsi dpent Rama ,
mi nenaiind ictt noate si Ae (pie de rpeit sss npinig
stpeinr, ns oirbinpi niqr o mimicape nentps snpimi-
nipea amens/ dpent. EY plmasep natiniqr mi plBdl-
top! mar mwAt de sn Beatc ssB rsBepneee atreAop stpe-
inT, Nape Asa sicasnsA wbpi Ica npintp'sn (kit de mezat

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 152 )(
iie sn tinm sotIptt, tn xape se sieea a stptmle tte
fru! Ban!, Btu! 4Ybliea tpenSinul snpe a misnumni
Boapta y ml MUT Ae tpemea snpe am! oirspa mi et
Biaua. n timnse land apmeee Psseigt epa Lip&
toape mnpotiBa Tspqieop , Exatepina II, miumayb
de soapta Pomtnieop Roppeeivionapieop wt./ a Ae
ItIpopa sql.epinue din naptea 1Iopui otomane mi a
npinuieop clanapioul at amsns ea xxeme , a tnrpi-
mit xa tn amtndol tpaxtateee de natie tnicet-atl xs
Tspqi ea Iiisqsx Kainapix, ea 1774, mi ea lam!,
ea 1792, SI, asirspeze bpi cfloeoase mapt. Point-
ni se mtnrtiairb inset Ks neea lie at domndit de .ea
mapinima tmimplteas%; dap 'snaps pea ulpi de
toate rpestluiee mi pedomndipea tstspop dpentspi,
eop et qeeop xlexate, sat nbstpat nentps aet timn
Wi nentps amp oamenl.

Stapea xsetspi mi a eitepatspi tn

Espona.
Apsnxtnd oxi assnpa xsetspi Esponi tn ameast%
nepiod% , se Bld pezsetateee =wee mat cIpsmoase.
Peopmauia Bisepiqi, asirsptnd dsxsest eiseptatea
de a rtndi mi a xneta seoBod , a dat miinueeop
-sn Bond nstepnix mi sn sEop tnaet. Aitepaui En-
poni xsetiBtod x snop xeasivitatea mset.timn, se
tnxpedinuapl tn scf.tpmit rt, niql oda]) ns not a-
Bantle modeeeee ageee desIBIpmite; ama dap se a-
waxapb' a xsetiBa eimBiee wee Bit. Asemenea mi
apteee 4)psmoase (Fixsp% o tnnaintape minsnab,
De mi ns se rbseige ea toate nauiiee Esponi ase-
menea Itsetsp% tnnaerb; dap dull tmupenisplpiee
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 153 )(
stateAop, se dessoAtapl ne aiq mi ne Roe() venil
estpaopdinape. Dintpe apte zsrpa,sia a mans .Aa o
desmtpuripe trinaAta, upin PacIaiA d'Upsino , Mixes
Anileno , Kopetlio, Tigian , 4eonapdo dad,Bintri ml
(-7
anui. In apxiteRtsa se tnsemnaa mal Rs deose-
sipe llaeadio, SRamoui, fiepont, Mansapcl W aeui.
In sicsAntsa clostridia lialna% netwidsit% MixaiA
AmleAo Bepnini Kanoua ma. In noezie imairapa,
nsme nemspitoape : n Anreia , IIIeRsnip., Minton
Bon. ma. In ItaAia3 Taso mi Apiost ; tn Snania mi.
lloptsrania , Kandepon Iui Ramoens ; tn Opanua
Kopnein , Pasin MoAi.ep AuFonten BoAtep, L B.
Paso, DeniA ma. Ijepnaania , KAonstox Binand
IIIinep , Fete , Xepclep , ma. In (I)pasua se stpl-
.Astripa3 In enowsinua sisepigeasim Bspdaits, Bosise,
MasiAon mi anui; tn Anrnia, napnamenteAe epa sn
Iftmn sAosod nentpx enoRsinua no)itirm, in Rape se
deosesipl BaAnon, Ilit gee mape mi INA miii, I)oRs
liii anui. Istopia s'a RsAtisat ic mape isnpawb de
Xsm , Tlison, Posepston , Ioan Mieep, IIhoeuep mi
Moezep. IjiinueAe matematige se ImAtisaa R me-
te isnpasa): in Astponomie KorrepniR a dat aclaps
o sisterly], nosl, xape s'a dessontat npin Tixo Bpaxe,
Reueep ml fanied, mi Rape s'a imsorbuit npin Nes-
ton , XepineA mi anai. IIentps Maternatim, ail do-
sindit mepite map! EAep, D'A.Aamsep mi Aarpanix.
OntiRa , MexaniRa mi Ijeometpia npaRtiwb tnica) clm-
acsa tnnaintipt mapl. Asemenea s'a RsAtisat Rs ma-
pe isnpasa3 Misikka mi Xemia. Topigeni a a(Fnat a-
insapea aepiAsi; Oto reface a aclAat mawina nne.g-
XX.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 154 )(
niatita; Temp a +mat esnepimente enextpige; XsT-
rens a 4mxst s snmne geasopnigene sui+opm: Boin
tin Xanes clybitsp.b gepimpt assnpa razenop. Ilpin
tnnaintbpine In (Disix% mi tn Ximie s'a a+nat aepo-
statinal nii dsnb xsnominua enextpigirbui s'at Omit
gepgetLpt assupa rnarnetismsnst. Istopia natspan%
*rum s'a xsntiaat Rs mape snop: Linet nn Bilitton
at dostndit mepite mapt nentps dtnsa . Sidenxam
a dat medigini o anti, dipexuie ; Xo(Fman Boepxax
tntemei-ap1 sisteme DOSIa de medigini . Xipsptlia,
Oxstetpixa friln s'at deslanpmit. Sxpiepine Est De.
snapt , Baxo Bepsnamit , Bain , ACM, Aataniu nil
Bon4 a aast o imFesinul esenuianl assnpa (Fino-
socini ; dap pexonsuia gea mat mape tntp'tnsa o (11-
Rs Emansin. Kant, din am:psi-a unioan% emipi (Dix.
te , Xeren, Illeninr Wi anut tlinoso0 map!, xape
at stpInsgit BsaicsA an 19-naa. Ilentps aispisnpi-
denwb at domndit mepite map!: Xsro Fpouie, To.
masie , Sanmasie, 114endop4), MontesKi nil anui.

Stapaa PeAiiii xpetaine.

Pestaspauia miinuenop de nepiodsn tpexst a a-
Est o inknsinwb 4vmmtoape de Line mi asunpa pe-
niuii xpemine . Teonotlia a (lost sna din gene din
tti Jaiinue ne nape xpewini o swbnap% de potha
nmonastigismwnst , 11.11 0 IiIintiBap% its 1118AVL parr").
In not{ de a se mat disnsta nentps nsxpspT demap-
te , ourbua nimaine xnasige Wi expanca, mi se sinaa
RIC mint% ostenewb a ttemIgi impuine s+inte;
rbsta xpedinua uii mopana xpenlineasal tn scptnta
sapintsp%; cligea gepgetvi snosode assnpa istopii
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 155 X
peAiitii mi a Bisepigi , mi tn npedixa-paa motntsnifl
nsf Dsmnezei nsnaa m1Atb sininu% mi Bpednigie .
Pe(popmauia &T Astep a dat In Bond not xsetspi
mi des%Btpuhipi teonotlii, npin niseptataa de a medi-
ta , de a ttnnua mi de a sxpi assrcpa pAiii xpergi-
ne. Perretatene agestir niseptvit a dsxwnsI at
(post, ea attt Bisepixa utt mi peninia s'at xspluit cie
mInte aBsze tie se intpodssesepl ict timnsn. Dap
npeitsm o napte din xpewinT, npin .niseptataa atleca
de a medita mu a sxpi assupa peii1Jii, a sxlnat de
ssnepstiuie , astcpen ant% napte a Jazst tntp'In in-
di+epentism penigios, xape a adIs mapr nenopovipl
assnpa Esponi . Haptaa tnsl tua ma mape a lye-
winimi a 'minas nonnins% Wb soapta omeneasx%
este attt de stptns /lent], de penigia icpeiijini, tn-
tat opT-Tie om ns noate a (Fi (Fepigit ktfrx alma pe-
nigie TINT tn B iaa npisatl pita m nsBnixl.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 156 X

ITEPIOD V
DeAa penoesuia 43panuez% n*n.h*n
ziAeAe noastpe; sat deAa anzA
1789 n 1.
PeBoAsuia 4)panuez% a (lost n eEinement imnop.
taut Rape a sximEat criaua Esponi 9 mi mat nentps
toats Asmaa a ant nime .spnmpr mapl.
Stapea cropanui tnaintea peBoAtuii.
SsE Asdoeilt XVI Opanua a simuit in aexaa Ron.
stitsuie ne sera ns se mat notpinea ET noziuia sa.
o datopie de 5000 miAioane AiEpe o anisa rpozan;
dladiiAe , Me ne tot ansA Epeizea SAeijTh nstepea
Enase/ tzetlueniAop mi a wEpaninop , mi decFillitsA
*13 ("Ammo snopea ne cpeRape an . In rIndipea mi
oninia 1711BAIRI) a topanuezinop se 4mEsse mape snim-
nape npin sEpiepine AsT Montesiat , I3oAtep , Psso ,
Didepot mi aeui. Ititpe ayeasta mi EopnsA de ap-
mie , nape s'a sint nentps Aiseptatea state/lop mi-
te din Amepixa, adsse idel norE. AleodiE, dopind
a tmEstrEtlui stapea cilinanuian% a 43panui , sEimEs
maT msAui ministpi , tntpe nape a (lost mi NeEep
zamdep din Istenesa 4,1p1 Ea avenlia s1 noatu. pe-
rsea exonomia statsAst Lui a Espui perane . NosA
ministo KaAon adsnl o Eomisie din noniAT mi din
seep; dap nil atieWa ns isnimeip% nimix deKAa-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 157 )(
ptnd wi, =mat sthtene venepane, ommeasxa adsna.
pe , not persna 4)inanuene "Hi not swum Opanua
din xpiza me i se amepinua Dsn demisia es! Ha-
'non , nose ministps Epien a Bpst s axonepe de4)i-
nits', din 4)inanue i ddi nosi ; napnamentsn
se tmnpotiai; Epien as desCillirab y ml n toats
Opanua se simui o 4)epnepe mape tn *imp, uli o
dopinwb de oxwe nentps adsnapaa statenop itene-
paAe.

Statene venepane.
Nesttnd ant mhxnox de a Imnsimi dsxspine, de
4 axonepi dectlicritse mi de a tntimnina xentsenine
statsma mi a lie xspui, Asdoxia 4)s sinit a pexema
ne Nexep, Nape am-a mape nonsnapitate tn Opanua;
uii dsns nponsnepaa AY xotipt ica sb Rime sta-
tene venepane, tie ns se stpthseseps mat mutt de In
max. Nexep xems Aa Bapsain nentpt armasti ads-
nape 300 denstaut din noxint, 300 din Julep HA
600 din RetiuenT. Dap Vind iri nosneua mi icAe-
psL n'a Pot ss se s431.tsFasxs tmnpesns ic dens-
taui lietiuent, agelgia deosexiut tint aneseps In
Ppezident mi se dexnapaps de adsnape nauionani.
`1\sdoxix xpind a o des4)iinua, tpimise ne In minis-
tps an sit ss urge denstauinop Ica SI se tmnps-
yzie ; Mipaxo Ins), din axle! denstaul tt pisnsnse
in nsmene adsnipi rs: derrstaui stnt adsnaut ix
zoinua nauii , mi ici nsmal nttepea saionetenop tt
Sa nstc-a tinupituia. Alxesta e nsntsn dena xape tn-
nene pexonsuia. Ks adimapsa denstaginop izetIlle-
nt se sni ne spms mamopitatea xnepsnsr, mat nu-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 158 )(
nopitatea nosneui. Asdosix, wiatnd dsxsn de sa-
pe epa tnss+neuiul den-staui adnpi nauionane mi
pe4)opmene me spa Si, tntpodsxt, se ii de mem
me a 4n)xst, mi tndemnat de sni din nosinl mi xnep,
roth ne Nexep xa ne sn npiminsitop an tstsnop ne-
nopomipinop, mi stpthse rmnpetp-spsn Hapissnsl sn
tamp de 50,000 so/Am!, Ka sl IncIpixomeze ads-
napea nauionanl. lions/an din clossprspine Ilapi-
mar /nclispiat &puns Bastina, me epa fnxisoape a
statsea 9 ui snmens a (Fame esqese. Dsnu, amcasti.
Inumnnape adsnapaa nauionani, se stplmsti. tn
llapis.

Adsnapea nauionang, xonstitsant.L.

Bland adsnapea naionaA x pwse de xape
mtimea 4)panua ns se noate thmidsi npin peclop-
me, se ansx% srb dea cDpanui o xonstitsuie no-s1 ,
mi npiimi nsmipe de adsnape xonstisantl. In
4)ptntea amestsI DOS% Konstitsuir sta dexnapate dpen-
tspine omenipi. Durt ameasta se desVinualm toa-
te rpestluine 42esdane, npexsm mi toate dpentspi-
ne mi npisinevene nosneui mi ane xnepsest. Ho-
man-a i se dete nstepsa .netlisnatim. 9 till pevens1
sn sot sssnensis . qiniAista pep/at s'a soti,ptt 25
minioane Alive ne an. Dominiine perane npexim
ui momiine xAepAE ui ane mlnIstipinop se de-
xnapapi, de dominil nmionane. A.meastl npecpamepe
mape a dat npimin1 xa mseul din npinui peraa liii
din nosint si 4)-srb din cFpanua ; xiap ui pegene
Awdosix a +-wit , dap (1)-s npins mi adss Indlpht;
mi dsim me adsnapea lionstitEanti isupiui xonstits-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 159 )(
uia , acspl Rb o na razi, mi se tmnIrrb ics nous-
AIA, dap ns nentps msnt timn.
Adsnapaa nauionan1 nevisnatinl.
than descDagepea adsmpi nonstitsante, Aa 1
Ontomnpie 1791 se stptnse adsnapaa nauionana, Ae-
visnatinl, nape npin npoente de Aeiu-cip SI desnon-
teze nonstitsuia. Aqaastt adwnape nsinapa entpe
nadsnapi si nanuime de Iaxonint, nape npetindaa
xi (I)panua n rzoate s 4)ie (1)epitzita, ssn monap-
xie, de rat SIB pensmina). Heste tot atzeasti, ads-
nape se napantepiza npintp'sn dsx de naptidi mi
tntp'o anAenape mape Intpe plsnoae . (Mind na,
Asstpia tnnezase tn timnsA aqesta o anianua, ic Tips-
sia, adsnapaa negisnatinI o Intpenb assnpa nsvete-
nop et nitpe lopantla, mi cpiind xi n'a dat plsrans
tndestsiatop, adsnapaa Aezjisnatiwb ti dexnapi pss-
rorie. Dsni qe Asstpiaqi mi 11psiani, intptnd an
(Dpanua, a nonpins xletluine Bepdsn mi Aonrth,
IlOBSAIA din 43ontprapine Hapissest dete 1:11BaA'b
Aa naAatse TAepi, mi'A Ji ns asant. Asdonix
Es 4)aminia sa tun` mtntsi thaua (Iszlind tn nanatsA
adsnipi nevisnatiae. Din tirmna. agesta Ingenspi
ntpene nsnAiqe mi menene struppoase nonwsite de
Ianonint, mi din IIapis se tntinsepi neste toati
(I)panua. Mdonix din npesna) Rs (Faminia sa 4)5
denAapat de Binonat mi (13s nss Aa tnxisoape.
lionnentsn nauionan.(1)panua
pensBnini.
Des(Ninutndsse adsnapaa Aqisnatinb, tn Aonsl

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 160 )(
ea 2 1 Senteraxpie 1792, se tnVinu% Romzentle naq
ionaA xs nstepe eeviseatix% liii esexstilm. Agesta
desVinul znonapxia , deReap% topanua pensBeizt%
vai In semeuia sa xotIpt si pexoesuioneze toate sta-
teee Esponi ad si tntemeeze npetstindent pens-
veint . Atsnlir se tmnetntap% steartpiee eixeptlui
tn Beiia, neste Pin tn Ilepmania mu neste AenZ
tn Ruda. 1n rpam, dsn% aneasta Ronnentse ;fade-
it% mi ostndi ea moapte ne peveee Asdoeht mi cl)a,
minia sa. Aa nestea desnpe (J)anta ageasta sirup-
Foam), Espona se Insliopl; tn Bandea se linens
sn plsnoz-i's nixie EpInt xonnentse Arb nasspt e-
neptlige snpe notonipea Asr, mi tot de odat% deRea-
p% puRozi Anreii, ulpieop de mos mi. Snanii. In
spma anestil deReapagir mat toate stateee Esponi
intpap% tn aeianul, tranpotisa clopanui; =mar Sse-
uia, Danimapa mi Iloapta otomarn, nIzip% nes-
tpaeitatea. n Romzentse nagionae se s+tuzia do%
naptide: a Ijipondinieop, Rape epa maT modepaut
mi a Montarnapzieop , Rape epa clanatigf In simti-
menteee eop pensBeiRane. llaptida nea clspioas%
a Montarnapzieop , sipsind tn s+tpuzit ne Ippon-
din!, tmpedinwb rssepnse sner xomisit nsmite a
mtnt-sinueT nsBeine, aeRltsite de 13 nrxdseapT.
Ageast% Bomisie, ea 24 Isnie 1793, dete lopanui a
doa xonstitsgie penseeiRanl; sRoase 13 apmil tm-
npotixa nstepieop a/date, mi tn eiantps (I)panui rs-
sepna its rpoaza rieotinel. Aeiaui se Ripsipa, ; Sna-
nia mi Bpssia Inicelap% nage, mi Oeanda mi Bee-
yia se deReapap% de pensneiRa Bataxim,. Poxesni-
ep snse din miamapi age! Komisit, amcnrtnd Aa

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 161 )(
sn ileA de diRtatspl, :maw. tepopismsA Aa risntst
'gen maY tnnaAt npin omopspiee saes. Dap (Iva niTa
tinens tn scirtpmit a se smpsi de attta slpsape de
singe. Posesniep mspi sss riAotitm,

DipeRtopisA.
Ks Ridepea Asr Pesesniep pesoAsuia *meat a da
endapit, mi Aa 27 ORtomspie 1795, (Dpanua npiimi
a tpera Ronstitsuie. 1Istepea Aegiseatis% se dete w-
nel adung:TY de 500 miclsAapT, Rape nponsnea Aeqine,
mi ante! adsrapT a sitptniAop de 250 mldseapr
Rape npiimia saS ns npiima atone nponmepr. Erste-
pea eseRstiR1 s'a dat Aa 5 dipeRtopl.FssepnsA a-
uesta tritpodsse mina ptndstael In Amintps, mi es-
aim i s. enepgie mi tn a(Faim. Asstpia, Pssia mi An-
rAia tnRet-apl o aniantrb. Dipextoprire tpirnise dos
apmir , sna neste Pin fir ljepmania, sss Romanda
All Mope, uii aAta neste Annt *n ItaAia, ssE Roman-
da AsT Nanoneon Bonanapte. Aqest om estpaopdi-
nap , nsuin tnsemnat ntni aqi, tngerm de warn a
tparle npisipea Asmi assnpa sa, liii manse Rs tim-
BSA Ra si uie tn mtna sa destinauia Opanui mi a
Esponi tntpeig. Tri timusA tn Rape Mopo +brie ns-
nine isnimst ta Ijepmania, Nanoneon HI o aprnie
Ainsitrb de nposiant liii de insnitrie pensptl Ripsin-
uT stplAsqite Aa Montenote mi Minesirno, Aa Kasti-
'done, Lodi mi. Apr:me; din Lomnapdia 4Yurs o pe-
nssAiwn gisaAninl ; Eosinb selica pensuAirm a Bene-
uii ; ne llenena o npegybros In perisnAiRi Airspim,
nil dsni radepaa qetbui Mantsa time Rs Asstpia
XXI,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 162 )(
naqaa dena Nampo (Dopmio . tnrpawb dsrit alma-
sta EnBeuia npiiini o not (Doprnt de penssnixt en-
Betiwb ; liana fliic VI (Fs npins ml adss in (Ivan-
ua Ende mi mspi ; 1-ap statEn stii se npeclybxs in
penssniwb Poinant . MaI ttpzi' mi Neanonsn npii-
mi cliopmt de penssniwb nsmitt naptenonaiwb. tn-
tpe ante nsiptpt a ne sane, dipextopfEn +IKE En
nnan indrbsneu de a xonpinde Egintsn. Nanone-
on, na 22 Mak"( 1798, Rs o +not% 'cape &atm 40,000
tpsne de Esse, nst Manta intpeaxit, mui amsnrind
na Anexsandpia o xonpinse . ItS toate 103 Nenson
admipapsn Anrnii nptirbdi na Asssip 41nota 4)pan-
uezt ; dap Nanoneon ssnsm Egintsn, tpews mi in
Sipia, mi de axono se intoapse innanor. Ilstepine
a...date tmnpotina (topanui se (Fonosipl de timnse Bind
Nanoneon se a4ma in Egint, un ingenspt its (I)pan-
ua n tssox-ii xs nopox saimsitop. Intpe dipex-
topti ml tntpe adsmpine neviseatiBe epa o mape ne-
snipe, mi in toatt cDpanua epa mape nepindsuant.
In timusn agesta Nanoneon dete apmia din Egint
uenepapsnsI Knesep mi en Beni na flapis ; snapse in
sinnigie minitapt adurbpine negisnatiBe, miii inuene-
uepe i ni din dipextopl na 13 DexemBpie 1799,
npoiteamt a natpa xonstitsuie.
K OrISZAatIA.
Despinuindsse dipextopmse npin siznigia Asi Na-
=neon, npin a natpa xonstitsuie me se dete (13pan-
Ili, Nanoneon se (Funs xonsse intais dinnpeEnt Inc
ante dot tonaptmT, mi se amevb En senat xonsep-
zatop , En tpissnat mi 0 adsnape negisnatiwb. vs-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 163 )(
epnsn agest not tail tngens AsRplpine Rs o enep-
vie minsnatl. Nanoneon stptnse tmuperrispsn slt
xanetene gene ma/ sinvoase, tntpodsse o adminis-
tpauie nosl npin 11pe4JeRuT, Ssu-npe(DeRut mi Me-
pI, tui tn stcspt tima dete (Dpanui o nosi Riatrb. Ds-
rrb ag&asta se nsse sn cFpsntaa apinii din Itania, Uri
tn timnsn tn Rape Mopo epa Ripsitop In !ppm-
nia, en AEI Mopenro Bits ne ksstpiagI attt de rpo-
zaa, twat se tniceie nagaa dena Asnesin. Inrpass
dun. agaasta mi lloptsratha, Pssia mi Iloapta oto-
mari se tmnigrisipi Rs cropanua , mi imap rui An-
rnia tnrceie nagea deAa Amiens, nape tnsl, uins (Poap-
te nsuin. 1sn pestimnsn agesta de nage (I)panuezi
nstnipi ne Nanoneon KOLISSA ne Riatrb , mi en se
tndenetnigi Rs tot (Fensn de new/rip!, institsuiT tui
ameziminte npin Rape si (Farb Opanua mape mi 111+.
tepnirn).
Nanoneon tmnIpat an (I)panui.
0 Romwspauie me s'a desRonepit tmnpotirra Rieui
AsT Nanoneon a dat npiini Ra (I)panuezi sa'n upo-
n/lame tmnipat momenitop an Opanui. Aa 2 De-
Rempie 1804 liana His an 7-nea, fA snse tmnipat;
dap Ropoana imnepians o nsse en sinrsp. flit-
da (I)panui spnandso mi pensBnixa Itathi , tA nsrni
pege an Itanii. Ks tnurbpluia (Dpanui se sni sta-
tse I,Ienonez 9 Rape HMI warn stitsse sts nsmipe
de pernoniwb AirspiRi . PensuniRa AsRa se sin)Rs
an ducat, ne :Rape Nanoneon tA dids sopssi Eniza.
Ageste mi ante sinnigi1 ane tmrrhpatslan (1)panui air
dat npiuiini Asstpii Ra din upesni Rs Anrnia uii Ps.

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 1" X
sia ss Innate o 110173 anianwb de psssoig tnnipott*
33a topanui. Nanoneon se nsse tn 4Ipsntaa apmii,
tpeRs npin Istepmania ntns .na Unin, snde ijenepas
ASA Asstpiax Max se dete upins xt 23,000, mi dt-
ns ante nosipT mat rniqT, na 13 Noemspie 1805 in.
tpl tn Biena mi Ronpinse mi Ilpesssprsn din 13nra-
pia . Aa Asstepniu se (Flits o sitsnie xotspttoape.
Atstpiatii mi Psmi se sipsips Rs dessmpLuipe. Ps-
mi se tpaseps In uapa nop, kap Asstpia InReie na-
me na Ilpesswpr. On nstepaa agemiT lista Asstpia
nepdt msnte uspi mi noitspT. Enextopsn. Bitem-
nepri mi an Basapii se (stamps Peg!, mi gen dena
Baden deseni szsepan. Tn timnsn agests1 psssopii,
Admipansn Nenson an Anrnii npsnidi is totse..na
Tpa4aerap cpnota (Ppanuezs, Rs toate Rb mi en tml
nepds siaua axon() .
Tn ans . spinstop, rims naqsa dena IfIpessspr,
Nanoneon nerouie Rs Ilpssia mi Rs npinui Ilepma-
nii. Dete Xanonpa flpssii, mi ante nox.sp! pegenst
Basapii. Ds Ram Bepr mi &nes le dete ilenepa-
JOUST Mspat ssmnatsnsT si, mi Neiimaten venepa-
AVIV Beptie. Ile (Fpatene si Iosi(J) tn +sits pe-
ie tn Neanon. lie BitpersA svg (Fit Estjenie Bo-
xapne tn113131C3 sige-peue an Itanii. Onanda pidi-
lands-0 na perat, o dete (Fpatensr si Asdosix.
Tot tntp'agest tium Indemns ne npinui Istepmanii Ra
sr], (Fopmeze o RomDedepauie Penans , an Rspia npo-
textop ss (Die en. In ast(Fen de sin Imnspluia qaa
melte a Ilepmanii Intiets de a ma! cili; trrinlpatsn
Opangisws densse Ropoana Vepmanii, mi se tntits-
ao tmnspat an Atstpii

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 165 X
ripssia actini xttpind zi Nanoneon ape de rind
Isa Xanonpa si o dna Anrnii. Ea nepiti
ueze o xoncIedepauie nopdium, mi Imps dena Opan-,
ua Ra si o peitsnoasiti , mi tot de o dati si'mY pe-
tpari toate tpsnene din Ijepmania. Nanoneon fi
pisnsnse ic o deRnapattie de pisso, mi apmiine
fivanueze n1tpsnseph In statsn Hpssii. Hpssiani se
nipsipi, Rs desbntpmipe ea Asepstet mi na Iena. TIe-
tUiAe Ranitsnagb , mi Nanoneon na 27 ORtomnpie
1806 intim. in Bepnin. Aqi 4rErs peve an SaRsonii
ne Enextopse er, mi tnniti ne Hononl Ra si se pes-
Roane. Din npiqina aqaasta se milieus pLsBot-i- mi
jçg Pssia. Dsni Bpe o Rttena nonipY nexotIpttoape,
se dmits. o Bitbnie .na cDpidnand tn Rape se Eipsips
Psmi. Atsnqy se tnneie nage-a dena Tinsit tntpe
Opanua mi tntpe Hpssia mi Pssia. Hpssia nepds
ncsmitate din uipine sane. Dena Pssia se foci o
napte din Hanonia , Rape, ssx nsmipe de Dsaat, se
dete peveAST SaRsonii. Din uipine qe a nepdst Hp-
sia se 4)opmi n perat noit an. Best(Fanii, in Rape
Nanoneon amen, ne 41patene si Ieponim. Tn
timirsA Rind Nanoneon se agma tn Bepnin a dat a-
4)apl cIamoasene aqene dexpete, npin Rape noc-a
si onpaasxi Romepqmsn Anrnii R Ronuinstsn Es-
poni, nen-a qe s'a nsmit sistema Rontinentan%.
Dsni qe s'a tntemel-at nitepea (Ipanuezi tn Ita-
n ia mi Ijepmania , Nanoneon tmY apsnwb npinipaa
assnpa neninssna nipenaiqe. 1-leps mar tntni dena
Hoptsrania Ra si intpe in sistema Rontinentani, mi
si tae penauiine sane Romepqiane KS Anrnia.
mild xi Ea 00 s'a apitat ssnssi na qepepine AST Na-

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 166 )(
noneon, o apmie clwanuen, sws Roman& nsr 11isnot
vein; npin Snania tn floptsrania. cloaminia perani,
:(1)sgi tn Bpazinia mi Opanuezi na 1807 oRsnaim
Aisasona. Dsni, aqsasta tn spma snop Rasane, tn-
ttmnntnds.se na Madpit to Snania oape-Rape tspss-
imp; Nanoneon Rem% na Baiona ne pegene Snanii
mi ne 4hi si, mi dui% ne sini ne amtndor Ra SI)
se nenede de Ropoairm, na 1808, amen, ne (Ipate-
.ne si Iosicp pege an Snanii. Neanonse tn dete
iismnatsnsr swg Mspat, ne Rape te (Imusse pege;
tap dssatsn Bepr mi Kees tn tntpurb Ca Opanua.
On timnsn land clsxse. nauionan an Snanioninop
se Eanta tmnpotisa disnoziuiinop apsitpape, se Na-
noneon (Imwsse its tponsn aliens/ perat, Asstpia our
mar stptnse odati, nstepine, ml na 1809 deRnaim
ptsso4 cDpanui. Thum nosipine gene nepopogite
nentps Asstpiaqr na Aandsxst mi ERmin, Nanoneon
intim nentps a doa oapl, tn Biena. KT toate ici a
Asnepn (Is sipsit de Asstpiaqr; dap npin sipsinua
Re a pensptat na 13arpam, a rimsit naqsa dena Bie-
na, npin Rape Asstpia tap a niepdst o msnuime de
unr. Dsni tntoapqepsa din Ramnania asstpiam, ,
Nanoneon se desimpui de nesastua Iose(Dina nen-
tps. RI, us (1)%qsa Ronir, ml a 1810 se wswsni, us
npinuesa asstpiam, Mapia Asiza. flpinusn , lie a-
qsasta nisRs neste an, npiimi titEsn de pege an
Pomi.
ant", naqsa de/A Biena eat seRsnapizat motuii-
%e opditrsnsr TestoniR din Ron(l)edepauia Penatn,
tui s'at tmirtpuit na npinui tntp'ane whpopa state
,se a4ma. (Nod ici, Dana n'a .noit a se ssrane snop

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 167 X
mIssp1 no/Lithe, qe Nanoneon esase tn npisinuia
snop nepsoane BisepiqemT , Nanoneon a despinuat
'a totsn statsn IIani, mi n'a snit its peratsn Itanii;
lap ne Liana '21 a dss tn (Dpanua mi'l nestea nen-
sie. Dun aqsasta sni peratse Onandi as Opanna;
asemensa +sus ics penssniKa Banes mi KS ante 11'L-
O din Islepmania. limp mi netsuine anseatiqe As-
ism Xamnspr, Bpema, se deisnapaps de nspuT ane
tmnspluii +panueze, mi ma! msnut npinur mita
din Ilepmania se +satin mediatizaa Sistema iron-
tinentans s'a wszit tntp'sn Ida anssstop tn toate
uspine aape attpna de Opanu,a.
Dap nopoasn, Rape a tntosspsmit ne Nanoneon
inns aiqT, a tnqenst a se denspta de dtnssn, mi a-
qsasta a icsnosicsto mi en tnssuit tn fassown. at Pt-
sia. Intpe aqsasts tmnspluie mi tntpe a (Dpanui
epa de mint sn +en de netnuenevepe ; mediatiza-
"dine din spms aii surspat ne monapxsn Plisii; sis-
tema Kontinentans s'a nsat de npeteRst, mi tntpe
amtndos tmnspsuiine at isssimit Bpsminsmiine .
Nanoneon trIK'b ma dinainte a +ost rmeiat RI Ass-
tpia mi as Ilpssia tpaRtate, Ea sl'A waste ior tpsne
na tnttmnnape de psssolii la Pssia. tnqentndsse
psssom na 1812, Besti npin npoicnamauiine sane ,
Ks en tntpenpinde agen pssnou4 nentps pestatopni-
mipsa Belo-wen perat an flononii. Dsus aqaasta Ks o
apmie neste 500,000 oamenT tpews icotapsne pssemr.
(1)iind xi Psmi +sps Erb amente sepios ne apsnonani
se tplusa tn nssntpin tmnspsuii, Nanoneon mepse
neste Smonensx dpent Hstpe Mosasa. Aa Bopodi-
no se +sits o Bstsnie stmlepoass, thus Rape Na..
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 168 )(
noneon int[Th Aa 14 NoemEpie *n Mos lam; dap arm-
sta na intpapea Opanuezinop Ass cIox mi apse. Na-
noneon Rpedaa Ks Ea ustaa dixta Rondiuiine rrsni
din Ben-a Ranitans a gapinop. AneRsandps monap.
XSA Pssii sl (Iva sznossst, it% en. npiEeme pss-
BORrA Ra am-a in nenst. Bsztnd 1{13 nt noate ps.
ininea in Mosxna, Nanoneon (Is sinit a se petpaue
din Pssia in 1311111AORITA es! ORtomEpie.In petpalle-
paa aqaasta mar toati) apmia Opanuezs se uphill:Ai
de vepsn 1nel epnr rpozase, rape in anicA avena tn.
nensse mai de timinspit. de xit ants dats, mi de op-
mia pssaasRs mix Romanda Es! KstssoE, Rape 0 ro,
nea ne spms ; nimaT nime mird jmmlmiue dintp'in-
sa axanseps in Saxsonia ssE Romanda sigepetpus1
de Itania. Nanoneon :nit% maT dinainte se rpsEise
a se dstie na !lapis. ANT stptnse o nsos apmie, is
Rape Beni in Ijepmania in npimmapa spnraoape a
ansnsT 1813. In timusn. aliesta lIpssia s'a petpas
din anianua cs Nanoneon mi s'a snit Rs Pssia. Ds-
us sn Ronrpes zadapnix, me s'a uinst na Hpara ne-
Eptnd Nanoneon a se A'bsa de nnanspine sane, Ass-
tpia mi Sseuia nuts intpaps in anianus xs Pssia mi
liptcsia tmnpotisa (Dpanui. Mar msnte EstsniT se
clswsps intpe Nanoneon mi atdiaul Ks nopox stdm-
Estop, mins na Estsnia itaa mape de tpet zine dena
Linsia in 16 18 mi 19 OxtomEpie, in Rape (I)pan-
uezi se sipsips xs dessEtpwipe. Nanoneon (1)s sinit
intpe Estseil neliontenite a se rpi)si tndlpst Jaye
Pin. Peiji mi npinui Ijepmanii Rite In se. ne ptnd
rispssips naptida All Nanoneon, mi tpexsps in nap-
tea nstepinop aniate. La gtpinitsn es! DexemEpie

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 169 X
1813, apmiiee aniate tpeRsps neste Pin in (Dpanua
ne mal mzete eoRspl. Dsns niwe nerouiaui! de na-
Ye zadapniqe, mi &rim ma! mete xstseil K nopox
sitimastop, aIiaui aaranseps ea Hapis, in Rape mi in-
tpap in 31 Maptie 1814. Senalse nsHeiRs sn de-
xpet de destponapaa Aid Nanoeeon, Dii e se BIZS
sieit a se eensda de tpon. Tr elsaps titese de tra-
m:pat, mi ir deteps sssepanliataa asznpa inssei EA..
Ea, snde 41s intoxsymnit de xomisapi nstepieop a.
elate. In nayaa ye s'a inReFat ea [lapis in 30 Magt
s'a xotlpit Ha (Dpanua ss ramie in xotapsee ye die
at axst ea 1792, mi in tponze eT ss se sue Fap 43a-
mieia EspHonieop.

Pestaspauia Espsonieop in tponze

clo pan ui.

Dzns Rulepaa tot Nanoneon, in nstepaa nsyi

inxeFate tntpe nstepiee a/date mi (Dpanua, 1:1QSA pe-
ie Azdoxix XVIII, cFpateee nenopoyitzes! Asdo Rix
XVI, a intpat ic nomns in flapis, mi dete nonzes-
eV sit o mph, RonstitzOonaes. Aa Biena s'a des-
His, in 2 Noemxpie In Honrpes tlenepae Ha ss pert-
eeze tpesiee stateeop Esponi nape s'at tspHspat de
pexoewia Opanui mi de Nanoneon ; dap inHeiepaa
imnoptanteeop tpaxtauir [tee ayests1 Honrpes s'a
rpsHit upintp'sn exinement neamentat , Rape a in-
rpozit Espona din not. Nanoeeon din EeHa Esra
de saams ea mianapiee ye se +sqaa in (Dpanua .
tnHpedinuindsse ich o mape napte din OpanuezT mi
ma! Hz seams apmia ns este nuteuzmits Hs rsHepl
XXII,

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 170 X
mu est Asdosix XVIII, indpuni, intowbpunit ns-
mat de 900 sondate, si Ors, mi na 1 Maptie 1815
Beni in orlIpanua. Tpsnene Ire se tpirnitsa imnpoti-
ma tar, se snaa xs dinsse. Pevene AwdoBirc (1)s si-
nit a Brbpbsi dipanua ; Nanoneon na 20 Maptie intp%
in flapis; dap nopoxsn si n'a Orin ma! mint de
100 zine. Aniaui din Biena Asap% mIsspl sepioase
tmnotpiBa. nsT, mu &sal tpeI n-snI se tagens 1)1.m-
m%. in Benvia. Tn 18 hnie 1815, Nanoneon se Bi-
psi xs desmtptnipe na Batepeo de wbtpe Beninrton
venepapin apmii anreiqe, mi de wbtpe Bni-ixep tje-
nepansn apmii npssiane. tn 1 Isnie, aniaui rap in-
tparb in flapis ; Nanoneon audiwb nentps adoa-oa-
pl, mi se dzse Aa Pon4opt snpe a se imybpita nen-
tps Amepixa ; dap 43iind w n epa ic nstinul din
npitrina itorbsiinop anrnitre de xape epa nnirrb ma-
paa , s'a dat in mitnine Anrnii nape in desnavb de
npins an aniauinop. S'a xotlpit Ka We dswb in In-
ssla S4). Enena mi s'b'n nizaaswb stpaumix , treaa
qe s'a wi nss in ASEpape limb na 5 Mat-if 1821, Rind
mi mspi. MdoBix XVIII se mntoapse rap in tponse
slt. 1n natraa tre s'a mnxet-at na 20 NoemBpie, s'a
xotwit xa Opanua si pinkie tot Ks xotapene de mat
nainte; dap rb neltaasx% aniauinop o desnirssipe
de 700 minioane cFpangt; latpe atleasta o apmie de
150,000, ssB Romanda est Beninrton , si, punte in
npoBinuiine mi tretbuine mlpiliname ane cDpanui ne
timn de 5 ant.
Konrpessn dena Biena.
Axtene xonrpesiel1 dena Biena a intemekat o

www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 171 X
nosa, ptnchFanl floItitiK n Espona. Aistpia a pe-
dostudit mal toate npoBinuiine nepdste; a(papa, de
agaasta a Rtizirat perat-sn Aornsapdo-Beneuian din
Itania , npetam mi peratsn Inipii. Ilpssia a Rtyli-
rat o napte din peratse SaRsonii mi ma/ msnte
npoBinuil din Ijepmania Liii ne ntnra3 Pin. Peratse
BaBapii tnlil a dobtndit oape-Rape AoRspr . Pssia a
npiimit dsRatiin BapsoBii SIB nsmipe de peratsn Ho-
nonii. BeAiLia s'a snit Rs Wanda, mi ssti msmipe de
peratsn ulpinop de mos s'a dat (Daminii de Opania.
Anrnii a nplimit Xanonpa ics nsmipe de perat. Pera-
tse Sapdinii Rs Rape s'a snit mi ljenoBa, s'a dat
de ma! nainte. Mapene DsRat TosRana s'a dat nsi
(Depdinand Apsidsgene de Asstpia. Disaatsn Mode-
na s'a dat dinastii de mat nainte. Dzmatsn Hapma,
Hiamenua is I'Est-sna s'a dat tmtmplaesi Mapii Mi-
m

za nenesti As! Nanoneon. Ks toate ici Neanotosn s'a

(Fost dat est IoaRim Mspat Rsmnatse isT Nanoneon;
dap mal ne wpm% s'a dat nst (Depdinand IV. Snania
a npiimit ne nevitinrsn s peve cDepdinand VII.
Hoptsrania s'a dat Fap (Faminii de Bparanua Rape se
acFna In Bpazinia . Hana s'a pestatopnigit In statsn
s'bi.=. ToRT upinui din ljepmania tntemeFain o Ron-
(Fedepauie de state , ane Rlpopa tpesl sa, se Haste
tn dieta dena (Dpan4opt sss npezidenuia Asstpii .
EBinementene tnttmneate tn .nsme tn
timnsn pesonsuii (Fpanueze ml ma/ ne
tpmi.
Tn timasn pesonsuii , an mapipi lui an nstepi
(Dpanui, se tnttmunapl tn mime nil ante eBinemen-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 172 X
te. Pssia dsn% sn pISBOlii din 1808 lie a nuns
,
Sseuia, a Rnzirat itinnanda. Dim, ant plsBolii de
6 an/ me a awn Rs noapta Otoman% dena 1806-1812,
npin nagea qe s'a InRelat na Blarapeml npiimindsse
Ilpstsn de xotap a Rtmirat BasapaBia mi o napte
9

din MondoBa pls.bpitean%. In Sseuia pegene Ra-

pon XIII, mspind 4ybp% monzenitop, dicta sseuixs
na 1810 a Riemat na tpon ne uenepansn (Ipanuez
Bepnadot, Dsgene de Ilonte Ropso, Rs nsmipe de
Kapon XIV loan. Aa nagaa dena Rien tie s'a m-
Reiat Aa 1814 tntpe DanimapRa mi Sseuia, mea d'tn-
tat a dat ger de a doa peratxn NopBetlii. In A-
sia Rsmnania anrno-indianl a 42aRst Ronpindepl (Foap-
te tntinse tn India, tn mit nsmIpse Indianinop 55-
Irma mapi Bpitanit s'a nit neste 100 minioane.
In Amepixa Rononiine Snanione desnpe miazs-zis'ag
peBontat imnpotiBa Snanii, mi, dni niwe rbssoae
Rpsnte mi nsnvl, 'mT aii dosindit neattpnapea. A-
neste npoainuiT intemempl ma! mute pensseigT de-
osesite sat RomFedepate.
Sqlsinta anianui.Ronrpessn demi
Axa.Konrpessn dena Tponaii,
AarBax Lui Bepona.
Rind tmimpatsn Asstpii, an Pssii mi petjene Ilps-
ea se aIna tn Ilapis na 26 SentemBpie 1815, ai in-
xekat Intpe drnmi mi at isxg)nit maw, suet anianue
Rape s'a nsmit *al), Rs Rondiuie Ica midsnapi a-
nemil anianue, atit in administpauia statenop nop,
icit mi tn penauiine nonitiqe Rs ante state, s% aTB
de temei-t persnene dpentiui, ane iicsipi xpewineJA1
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 173 )(
mi ane nvii, mi tole ss se npineasns snif ne Ewe! xt
naldseapr ar snsi-a mi aqesamT nauir xpelzine. Aa
aqaasts animus s'at noIdit xa sh intpe toate rate-
pine Epeizine, aslaps de Dana mi de Hoapta Oto-
mans.
Dun) qe Mdosix XVIII pelleee 43panui a intpe-
nsinuat toats nothtixa sa snpe a notoei axle pe-
moesuianieop, mi snpe a tutpodsqe naqea nfi eini-
maa intpe (IcopanuezT, nstepiee qeee map! ane Expo-
ni se adsnaps Aa sn Bourpes ea Axa in Oxtoxpie
1818. Aqi s'a xotsptt Ica ss se petpars tpsneee
stpeine din Copanua, mi s'a perseat xontpimmia qe
acaasts uaps epa datoape nstepieop athate.
thus dor an! deea Konrpesse din Axa, nstepiee
gene map/ aite Esponi at mar ;limit nii aete Bon-
rpese : wise }cape s'a inqenst ea Tponali in 20 Ox-
toxpie 1820 mi s'a stpsmstat ea Aarnax, mi aetse
ea Bepona in 14 Dexempie 1822. 1Ipiqina aqestop
xonrpese at' cFost penoesuiiee Rape issimnips in Sna-
nia, mi in Neanoe, in niemont mi in I'pegia. Pe-
zoesuia din Iliemont mi Neanoe s'a notoeit de ap-
meee asstpiaqe Rea din Snania s'a nsxstuit de apme-
ee cIpanueze; dap qea din rpegia tmnpotina Twp-
qieop a uinst mar mtet timn mi a asst spnasp/ im-
noptante.

Pexoesuia rpeqii.Insspexuia uspi Po-

minemr.Pssxone Pssii xt Hoapta Oto-
man%.Havea deea Adpianonoe.
End a ismmit
. penoenia rpeqleop, uapa Po-
batman') snits epa pidixats in niqioape de Teodop
www.dacoromanica.ro
 )( 174 )(
BeadimipesHs. rsrepnle (13anapiouinop tn timn ma
insnt de In Beals anansese a cid Rs tau nes4epit.
Nensnalpatene ansze tie se intpodssep1 tn timnsn
aqestst rsHepn stpein a dat npiin Ha dsxsn tim-
nsn-st mi oninia nsHniirb s stpige tmnpotiaa nop.
Mapine npolattept din Espona anssran% a tndem-
nat mi ne Pomtnt Ha sl se mimme nentps tmnsim-
tbuipea soaptet mi noziii nop. Intp'adeirbp Point-
nit na 1822 se tnnpednigip% a pedonmdi dena Hoap-
ta Otomans dpentsn atten sitsmn de a area kap npin-
uj nuntntenl; un maT ttpzit na 1826, npin Honnen-
uia tincelatl Aa Axepman tntpe Pssia mi Hoapta 0-
tomatrb, dontndipl dpentspt de a trnsurrtlui tiapa
npin op! tie cl)en. de peclopme, institsuit mi amezi-
minte (Fonositoape, de Hape se HIHspl wi ante nauit
mininizate.
Dap penonsuia rpeginop n s'a npinit KS old Hs-
nt na Honrpesse dena Aarnax; mi Htnd ea men de-
Aa Bepona nenirb denstaut din naptea fpevinop ns
43.sp% asusntaut. Ift toate ailestea Fpeqi ns se des-
rachmdsipl; et se Eltsp1 Hs sn epoism pap ntng,
.na 1826 land Beni Inpaim Hama din Egint tn Mo-
pea Hs o apmie nsnmpoas1 mi amepinua stingepe
town]. rpettii. Atsnlit Anrnia , Opanua iui Pssia ,
mimHate de iseipea de omenipe, xotIptirb a aarsta
ne rpetit, mi na 6 Isnie 1827 tnitekapb sn tputat
In Aondon.
eDiind-rb na 20 OHtonpie 1827 4motene Anreii,
irpanui mi Pssii, tn nstepea tpaatatsnst din Aon-
don, apsepb mi nplarbdip% /la Nanapin (Inota tspHo-
eginteanl, Floapta Otomairb 'dean) na apme 'le tout
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 175 )(
Msssnmani. Nsia na 2 Anpinie 1828 tI deRnapi;
plssoFt. Dsrrb ma! msnte nipsinue stplesqite nen-
tps apmene Pssii, se tnReie /la 2 Sentemnpie 1829
naqea dena Adpianonon. In nstepea agerziI wbql
Iloapta a peranositit neattpnapea rpeqii, Rape pidi-
Rtnchse de nstepine Esponi na panr de perat, 4)s
Riemat na tpon npinwan Aeonand de SaRsonia-Ko-
rtrpr ; dap thin, Tie aqesta se nermd% de Ropoa-
rm, se anese Oto 4incA pevensl de Eaeapia.
Ilpin nmpita nage dena Adpianonon uapa pomt-
neaswb s'a tropedniqit de dpentspt imnoptante. A.
domndit domnie ne Elam), administpauia nauiona-
n% neattpnatl, omeaswb adsnape, miniuie nauio-
nanl, Romepqr-ii snoRod, Rapantine ne einia Mum-
pi, mi o rnsnuime de ante institsua mi amen)min-
te mtntsitoape.
ORsnauia AntlipsnsI.PeBonsuia Opanui
din 1830.Peeonsuia Benvii, a Ilononii
mi ante ertinemente din Espona.
In ann. 1830 BeRre dena Angip a mantpaRtat
ne Konssesn 43.panuez qe epa aRpeditataliono. flIpan-
ua nentps a Imsegna aqeasts neqinste tntpenpinse
na 14 Isnie o esnediuie, liii IA 5 Isnie stearsn 4.pan-
lleZ clatn(Ftia trl I3tp0A nanatsell Ber-s-Est din AA-
%tip. Dsrm spe o tpel sIntimtnt dena wrest eel-
netnent, Rapon X petlene Opanui, spnrbtopsn fs
AsCIOnix XVIII, dete aclap% na 25 Isnie nikue op-.
donanue cpatane npin Rape sspna mapta Opanui.
Aa 27 ane ageeaml esnI isenni tn [lapis o peeons-
uie de tpel zine, Rape a ninsit ne 'Upon de Ropoa-
www.dacoromanica.ro
 X 176 X
mi a clit tn tpon rte Dsgeee de Opeeans i nv
mipe de AzdoRiR Cein. PeRoeguia topanui din
1830 a ant exoee deinptate. Beevia s'a peRoetat
tmnpotiRa Oeandi , mi doRtndindfm/ neattpnapea
s'a pidiRat ea panr de perat, Rierntnd ea tpon ne
npinulie Aeonoed Rape tasese aees mi nentpis tpo-
rite "'peva. Iloconia tnin a cpbrust nitze miunmpl
desnldintchite; dap cirs sdpositi3 de mapaa nstepe
a Pusii Asemenaa ismutnips miming)/ peRoesui-
onape HI mat mete rzlintspT aee Itanii, Rape tnsb
se einiizkyb Aa aplapaa tpsneeop atstpiaire.
Anreia se cjilmi peitopnal tn Ronstitnia napeamen-
twa. In mat mete state ane Vepmanii se pe(top-
main KonstitsuiiLe.

www.dacoromanica.ro
www.dacoromanica.ro