C H HO H H

* * * *

O H OH H OH OH

GLUCIDE

H2O

sau

nC6H12O6

Glucosum Glucos

CH2OH
C n (H2O) m C6(H2O)6

OBINERE:
(C6H10O5) n + n H2O n C6H12O6

nH2O + (C6H10O5 )n

PROPRIETI CHIMICE:
H C OH H OH O H HO H OH 5 H CH2OH -D-glucopiranoz (forma cic ic!) 6 CH2OH 5 O OH H H 4 1 OH H HO H 3 2 H H -D- !"-glucopiranoz 6 CH OH 2 CHOH O H H H 3 1 H H OH 2 OH -D- !"-gluco#uranoz
5 1

O C H H OH H HO H OH H 5 OH
1

HO C H H OH O H HO H OH H 5 CH2OH -D-glucopiranoza (forma cic ic!) CH2OH H O H H 4 1 OH H HO OH 3 2 H OH

5 6

CH2OH D-glucoza (forma "#sc$is!)

CH2OH OH O H H 4 OH H C 1 HO H 3 2 H OH
5

-D- !"-glucopiranoz 6 CH OH 2 CHOH O OH H H 3 1 H H H 2 OH -D- !"-gluco#uranoz

5

O4

O4

IDEN$I%IC&RE :
Determinarea puterii rotatorii :
-D- !"-glucoza -D- !"- glucoza D- !"- glucoza '( ) * D + !,,- * ' ( ) * D + !,. * ' ( ) * D + !/)01 * 1

 Reacii pentru hidroxilul alcoolic : Formarea compuilor compleci cu hidroxidul de cupru (II) Reacii de esterificare : Transformri n mediu

a!ic (tautomerie ceto"enolic):

CHOH

C OH H HO H OH H OH CH2OH O H OH H OH OH O H H H OH OH

%orma 2nolic

C H HO H H

C HO HO H H

CH2OH C HO H H O H OH OH CH2OH

CH2OH D- !"-glucoza

CH2OH D- !"-manoza

D- -"-#ruc3oza

Transformri su
O C H H OH H HO H OH H OH

aciunea oxidanilor :
O OH H OH HNO3 H HO H OH H OH C OH O D-aci4 glucaric C
C CH2OH O H H OH H HO H OH

CH2OH D-glucoza
C H HO H H O H OH H OH OH

CH2OH D-glucoza

O OH H OH Br2 ; H2O H HO H OH H OH CH2OH D-aci4 gluconic

D-gluconolac3on
O ONH4 OH H + 2 Ag + 3 NH + H O 3 2 OH OH CH2OH

O C H H OH H + Ag(NH ) OH HO 3 2 H OH H OH CH2OH

C H HO H H

D-glucoza

sar2 42 amoniu al aci4ului D-gluconic

Formarea o!a!onilor:
C H O OH H + H N - NH - C H 2 6 5 - H2O OH OH C H HO H H H N - NH - C6H5 OH H OH - C6H5NH2 OH CH2OH

H HO H H

H H

C C

NH O OH

CH2OH

2 H2N - NH - C6H5

H H

C C

N - NH - C6H5 N - NH - C6H5 OH

ozazon

Formarea furfurolei:
C H HO H H H O OH H OH OH 2 HCl conc. - 3 H2O HO - CH2 O C H O HO OH HO C OH HO
O

CH2OH

H2N - R H2N - R R - NH - HC OH CH = N - R

CH2OH

HO - CH2

CH = N - R

Reacia cu clorura de trifeniltetra!oliu :

H5C6 N N N C6H5 N C6H5 Cl HN - N = C - N = N C6H5 C6H5 C6H5

H2O + 2

+ Cl + OH

Reacia cu soluia de antron :

O + R-C O H2SO4 conc. H CH - R O + H2O

DO5&RE: iodometric:
O C H H OH H + " + 3 N!OH HO 2 H OH H OH CH2OH "2 + 2 N!2S2O4 H HO H H O C ON! OH H + 2 N!" + 2 H2O OH OH CH2OH

2 N!" + N!2S4O6

iodometric n urma reaciei cu reacti#ul Felin$ :

O O C O# COON! C COON! H H OH H OH HC - OH 2+ H HC - O HO + C$2O + 2 H + 2 HO C$ + #OH + H2O H OH HC OH HC - O H OH H OH COO# H OH COO# CH2OH CH2OH 2+ 2 C$" + "3 C$ + 5 " "2 + 2 N!2S2O4 2 N!" + N!2S4O6

polarimetric:
& ' () *(100((((( +), 2 0 - * l

refractometric: cromato$rafia de $a!e %erman$anatometric

Cu2O + .#2(/O0)% + H2/O0 1 2Cu/O0 + 2.#/O0 + H2O 10.#/O0 + 2H2/O0 + 23MnO0 1 5.#2(/O0)% + 32/O0 + 2Mn/O0 + 2H2O 6acc7arum lac3is &acto! CH2OH
H OH H O H H

CH2OH O HO H OH H H H H OH

H2O Hi"ro4i s#miac#5a ic

OH OH

-D-galac3opiranozil - ,89"--D-glucopiranoza 0