LIPIDE HIDROLIZABILE

Lipidele simple
(lipidele neutre)
 Acizii grai saturai:

1123 Acidul lauric,

1327 Acidul miristic,

1531 Acidul palmitic,

1735 Acidul stearic,

1939 Acidul arahic.

 Catenele radicalilor acizilor grai saturai au
conformaia cea mai stabil n form de zig-zag
(serpantin), de exemplu, la acidul palmitic: :

1
16 COOH
CH3
 Acizii grai nesaturai mai importani sunt:

1529 Acidul palmitooleic

9
CH3 COOH

1733 Acidul oleic

9
CH3 COOH

1731 Acidul linolic

9
COOH
CH3
 1729 Acidul linolenic
9
CH3 COOH

1931 Acidul arahidonic

5
COOH
CH3
 Formula general a triacilgliceridelor:

O
CH2 O C R'
O
Radicali de acil ai
Rest de CH O C R'' acizilor grai superiori
glicerin
O
CH2 O C R'''
 O CH2 OH C17H33COOH
H2O(H+)
CH2 O C C17H33 CH OH + C15H31COOH
O
CH2 OH C17H35COOH
CH O C C15H31
O
C17H33COONa
CH2 O C C17H35 CH2 OH
NaOH C15H31COONa
CH OH +
CH2 OH C17H35COONa
Palmitooleostearin
Glicerin
 O O
CH2 O C C17H33 CH2 O C C17H35
O O
6 H2 (Ni)
CH O C C17H31 CH O C C17H35
O O
CH2 O C C17H35 CH2 O C C17H35

Oleolinoleosterin Tristearin
 Lipide complexe
Acizii fosfatidici
O
R1 radical de acid
gras saturat
CH2 O C R1
O
CH O C R2
O R2 radical de acid
gras nesaturat
CH2 O P OH
OH
 O O
CH2 O C R1 CH2 O C R1
O O
CH O C R2 + HO CH2 CH2 CH O C R2
O O
NH2
CH2 O P OH CH2 O P O CH2
OH Colamina
-O CH2

Cefalin NH3
+
 O O
CH2 O C R1 CH2 O C R1
O O
CH O C R2 + HO CH2 CH2 CH O C R2
O O
N(CH3)3
CH2 O P OH + CH2 O P O CH2
OH Colina -O CH2
N(CH3)3
Lecitin +
 O CH2 OH R1 COOH
H2O(H+) CH2 CH2
CH2 O C R1 CH OH + R2 COOH +
O OH NH3
CH2 OH H3PO4 +
CH O C R2
O
CH2 O P O CH2 CH2 OH R1 COONa
NaOH CH2 CH2
CH OH R2 COONa +
-O CH2 +
OH NH2
NH CH2 OH Na3PO4
+ 3
 Oxidarea acidului oleic
KMnO4
H2SO4
CH3 (CH2)7 CH CH (CH2)7 COOH
KMnO4
Acidul oleic H2O

CH3 (CH2)7 COOH + HOOC (CH2)7 COOH

Acidul pelargonic Acidul azelaic

CH3 (CH2)7 CH CH (CH2)7 COOH

OH OH
Acidul 9,10-dihidroxistearic
 Oxidarea peroxidic a acizilor nesaturtai

3 (2)6 2 = 2 (2)6

3 (2)6 + (2)8 +

Acidul caprilic Acidul sebacic

3 (2)8 + (2)6

Acidul caprinic Acidul suberic

 O HSCoA O
R CH2 CH2 CH2 C R CH2 CH2 CH2 C
OH SCoA
FAD FADH2 O
-2H +H2O
R CH2 CH CH C
dehidrogenare SCoA
OH O
hidratare O
R CH2 CH CH2 C
SCoA
NAD+ NADH O O HSCoA
oxidare
R CH2 C CH2 C
SCoA
O
O
scindare + CH3 C
R CH2 C SCoA
tiolitica SCoA Acetil-SCoA
CH3 (CH2)14 COOH + 8 HSCoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7H2O

Acidul palmitic

8 CH3 COSCoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH.

Acetilcoenzima
 NH2
CH3 (CH2)12 CH CH CH CH CH2 OH
OH
Sfingozina

O
NH C R
CH3 (CH2)12 CH CH CH CH CH2 OH
OH
Ceramid, unde R - radicalul acidului gras.
 O
NH C R O
+
CH3 (CH2)12 CH CH CH CH CH2 O P O CH2 CH2 N(CH3)3
OH O-

Sfingomielin
 O
CH2OH NH C R
OH O O CH CH CH CH CH (CH2)12 CH3
2

OH H OH
H H
H OH Galactocerebrozid