Virgil Ierunca

VIRGIL IERUNCA
FENOMENUL PITETI
II U M ANITAS
BUCURETI, l*0
Coperta coleciei : DOINA ELISABETA TEFLEA Tehnoredactor : FLORIAN SAPUNARESCU Fer at! "#$%&'(! Col) *par I! Co anda +$"&&! Co ,inat-l Poli.ra/ic B-c-re0ti
RO(1NIA ISBN 234567/l589:#*5;
Problema de cpetenie este de a nvinge amnezia. Trebuie ca totul s se plteasc, altfel nu exist viitor. (...) Pierderea adevratei memorii echivaleaz cu a pierde sim ul realului. (...) Trecutul nu poate fi falsificat. (...) !iecare dintre cei care au fost extermina i are, mai departe, cuvntul lui de spus". Nadejda Mandelstam
o,
Ne aflm mere s ! semn l l " #e$r%e &r'ell, (are ) $ *t"m ( t$+"" ), n (artea sa, ,-./01, 2 nea 2r"ntre "nstr mentele3(4e"e ale stat l " ($m n"st, M"n"ster l Ade5r l ", men"t s re3s(r"e, n f"e(are 6", Ist$r"a7 n (remat$r""le a(est " M"n"ster d"s2rea , (l"2 d 2 (l"2, n n ma" d$( mentele ade5rate as 2ra tre( t l ", dar *" 5ers" n"le s ((es"5e ale 2 ter""7 8"s2rea *" d"s2ar7 Ceea (e se n me*te n Rsr"t disiden a se def"ne*te, n 2r"m l rnd, 2r"n a2el l la mem$r"e, 2r"n sm l%erea d$( mentel$r d"n (remat$r" l a(est " M"n"ster, 2r"n metam$rf$6area (en *"" n fa2t7 S$ljen"+n n *"3a re($nst"t "t altfel # la% l 9 a ( les mrt r"e d 2 mrt r"e, ( r"s( r"le 2e (are le *t"m, la m!ra n " M"n"ster al Ade5r l " (e ($nt"n s (earn tre( t l *" "st$r"a d 2 nrd("nate mete4ne7 T$at l mea ( n$a*te a6" Ar4"2ela% l # 3la%7 T$at l mea3ma" *t"e (, s ! den m"rea 2$s"!"l de Ar4"2ela% M7A7I7, el s3a nt"ns *" as 2ra R$m:n"e"7 Ceea (e n3a aj ns ns ) *" n( ) la ( n$*t"n+a t t r$r este ( n Ar4";32ela% l r$m:nes( a e<"stat $ "ns l a $r$r"" a!s$l te, ( m alta n3a ma" f$st n ntrea%a %e$3 %raf"e 2en"ten("ar ($m n"st = nchisoarea de la Pite#ti >l?7 A($l$ a n(e2 t la @ de(em!r"e -.0. $ e<2er"en+ de $ s m!r $r"%"nal"tate den m"t reeducare *" t"n6nd la d"str %erea 2s"4"( a "nd"5"d l "7 E<2er"en+a a(easta, (are a +"n t 2n n a % st -.AB, nt"n6nd 3se *" as 2ra alt$r n(4"s$r" d"n R$m:n"a, a f$st *" ma" a($2er"t de t(ere, *" ma" nf ndat n "tare de(t (elelalte (r"me s5:r*"te n n(4"s$r"le djn R$m:n"a, ma" ales d"n d$ m$t"5e7 Ma" nt", (en6 ra $f"("al a f n(+"$nat ( att ma" drast"( ( ("t 2r$(es l ( +a2" "s2*"t$r" ns(enat de ($m n"*t" n3a 2 t t s f"e dest l de !"ne 2 s la 2 n(t s2re a se desf* ra1la l m"na 6"le" *" a a(red"ta 5ers" nea d$r"t de 2art"d7 A2$" *" a"(" st, /<r< nd$"al (4e"a t(er"", 5"(t"mele reed (r"" a f$st ne5$"te s de5"n, la rnd l l$r, (l"7 &r7 (l l ) (4"ar m2$tr"5a 5$"n+e" *" f"r"" l " ) n se %r!e*te n"("$dat s3*" mrt r"seas( (r"mele7 8e3a l n% l 7e<2er"en+e" de la C"te*t", (ate%$r"a artor-l-i I "n$(ent a f$st 2 r *" s"m2l"" s 2r"mat7 T$t *", n fel de m rm r s !teran a ("r( lat n n(4"s$r"le d"n R$m:n"a as 2ra reed 3 (r"" de la C"te*t"7 Cartea l " 8 m"tr Ba( , 2r"m l d$( ment as 2ra C"te*t" l ", *" (are
rmne $ refer"n+, este al(t "t d"n a(este mrt r"s"r" "nd"5"d ale, /<r= iate> transm"se de la % r la % r, de la re(4e "a re(4e, 2r"n n(4"s$r", /<r< $ 5edere de ansam!l , "m2$s"!"l de a5 t at n(", dar (are are "mensa (al"tate a a tent"("t+"" >8 m"tr Ba( a f$st el ns *" de+"n t 2$l"t"(, "65$arele sale f""nd de 2r"m mn? *" a ! ne" (red"n+e7 N ma" ( ea a a23 D -0 r t n -.@E n ed"+"e r$m:neas( >*" ma" re(ent, n l"m!a en%le6, n Statele Un"te?, (nd f$arte 2 +"n" mart$r" d"re(t "m2l"(a+" se 4$t3rser s 5$r!eas(7 A*a net ne 2r$2 nem s3$ ($m2letm ) ($nt"n nd de altfel s ne refer"m la ea ) printr5-n d$sar as 2ra reed (r"" de la C"te*t" (are ne3a s$s"t, ma" re(ent, d"n +ar7 S3ar 2 tea (a as 2ra n$r detal"" s ma" e<"ste "n(ert"t d"n" sa a2r$<"ma+"" n a(est d$sar ) *" ( m ar 2 tea s f"e altfel, date f""nd ($nd"+""le n (are a f$st d s, n +ar, $ astfel de an(4et F ) dar el n" se 2are a ( 2r"nde t$t *" esen+"al l >B?7 na"nte de a "ntra n s !stan+a 5"e *" "nt$lera!"l a e<2er"en+e" de Ia C"teG*t", s sta!"l"m s(4ema e" 2reala!"l7 n fr nte ( Ni?ol@?i> %eneral, ($mandant s 2rem al Se( r"t+"" r$m:ne*t" t"m2 de -@ a,n" >f""nd la 2ens"e se 2ln%ea ( re%"m l n 3" re( n$a*te mer"tele?, Se( r"tatea a 2 s la 2 n(t n 2lan 2entr l"(4"darea re6"sten+e" m$rale a t"ner"l$r de+"n +" G2$l"t"(", sl j"nd 3se de n n (le de de+"n +", ($nd *" de E %en A-rcan-> (e rma s 2 n n a2l"(are, n d$men" l dre2t l " ($m n, ( n$s( tele te$r"" ale l " MaHa3renH$7 Infra(t$r l, ($n*t"ent ( e n element de(lasat (are n ma" are alt sal5are de(t s2r"3 $ j"n l 2art"d l ", *" "a sar("na de a3" reed (a I 2e al+"", (are a f$st n s"t a+"a l ", 2e dr m C (el ! n7 n fa2t, Poemul pedagogic al l " Ma3HarenH$ se trad (e 2r"n a2l"(area t$rt r"" nentrer 2te7 8e t$rt rat, la a(ea e2$(, se t$rt ra n t$ate n(4"s$r"le d"n R$m:n"a7 8ar, re5en"t de la an(4et, de+"n t l f"e se re%sea -s"n% r n (el l ) a5nd r%a6 l s3*" re5"n n f"re ) f"e era n%r"j"t, m!r!tat de (e"lal+" de+"n +"7 Reed (area ($nst, f$arte s"m2l , n a 2 ne 2e t$r+"$nar n a(eea*" (el l ( (el t$rt rat *" a n n%d " n"(" $ 2a 67 Malra < s2 nea nde5a ( n"men" n 2$ate re6"sta t$rt r"" nen(etate, dar n *t"a at n(" ( n R$m:n"a a5ea s f"e %s"t se(ret l re *"te" de2l"ne = era s f"("ent (a de+"n +"" s f"e 2 *" s se t$rt re6e n"" 2e al+""7 Cnd ,fen$men l C"te*t"1 a f$st $2r"t, n -.AB, a tre! "t s f"e %s"t, (t de (t, $ e<2l"(a+"e, s f"e sta!"l"t $ rs2 ndere7 A f$st ns(enat (las"( l 2r$(es ( +a2" "s2*"t$r"7 8e3a!"a n -.A07 " att de 2r$st 2 s la 2 n(t, n(t, n lt"ma (l"2, s3a ren n+at la 2 !l"("tatea 2re56 t "n"+"al7 n 2r$(es a f$st "m2l"(a+" d"ntre de+"n +""3 t$r+"$nar" n ma" (e" (e f seser le%"$nar" ) el"m"nnd 3se d$" s"$n"*t", n +rn"st et(, et(777 ) 2entr a se a(red"ta rmt$area 5ers" ne = s2re a l$5" n re%"m l ($m n"st, J$r"a S"ma ar f" transm"s n$r le%"$nar" d"n n(4"s$r" $rd"n l de a "ntr$d (e $ a(+" ne de ter$are7 Cr$f"tnd de l"2sa de 5"%"len+, des"% r re%reta!"l, a n$r $r%ane ale adm"n"stra+"e" n(4"s$r"" C"te*t", a(e*t" le%"$nar" a "nst"t "t n n(4"s$are $ ser"e de a(+" n" de t$rt r, "ar 2art"d l *" % 5ern l, ($n*t"ente de %ra5"tatea fa2tel$r, n m$ment l n (are a demas(at nelt"r"le mr*a5e ale a(est " %r 2 fas("st, le3a ad s n fa+a j st"+"e" *" Cr$( rat r"" %enerale a Re2 !l"(""7 -B
Kers" nea era att de a!erant ) ( m s ($n5"n%" 2e ("ne5a ( *ef l ne" m"*(r" d $rd"n s f"e l"(4"da+" mem!r"" e" F ) n(t se ren n+ la 2 !l"("tatea 2re56 t "n"+"al n 6"are7 Kers" nea n3a ma" f$st 2rel (rat de(t n n(4"s$r", fr 2rea m lt "ns"sten+, f""nd %re s e<2l"(" n " de+"n t (are ( n$a*te 2e 2r$2r"a l " 2"ele s 2ra5e%4erea ($nstant a %ard"en"l$r ( n (el lele de la C"te*t" se 2 tea t$rt ra nentrer 2t, fr (a adm"n"stra+"a n(4"s$r"" s f"e a5ert"6at7 n ,C"te*t"1, 8 m"tr Ba( relatea6 $ ($n5$r!"re a5 t n "arna l " -.A@, na"nte s f"e el"!erat, ( n d"re(t$r %eneral al M"n"ster l " de Interne (are3" s2 ne rmt$arele = ,Este $ (4est" ne dest l de s"m2l n def"n"t"57 Un %r 2 de st den+" aresta+", a%en+" a" "m2er"al"sm l " amer"(an, m"st"(", 4a!$tn"(" *" retr$%ra6" s3a a2 (at s s(4"n%" "as( *2e (e"lal+" ($le%" a" l$r, 2entr (a s ($m2r$m"t ($nd (erea n(4"s$r"l$r *", 2r"n ea, 2art"d l7 >777? Cr"m"ser d"s2$6"+"" d"n e<ter"$r, de la (e" (are snt n str"ntate *" ($nd ( e(4"2ele de s2"$n" *" sa!$t$r", 5r$"a (a la n m$ment 2$tr"5"t s a( 6e 2art"d l (a f""nd "n"+"at$r l *" de(" 5"n$5at l17 8at f""nd( n era 5$r!a de $ an(4eta 2r$2r" 36"s, (" ma" m lt de $ d"s( +"e, 8 m"tr Ba( *" 2$ate n%d " s re2l"(e = ,Care t$t *" de ne(re6 t7 n(4"s$r"le a n s"stem de 2a6 "nter"$ar f$arte str"(t7 C m a f$st 2$s"!"l s se 2etrea( $r$r"le de (are 2$men"+" fr (a M"n"ster l s "nter5"n "med"at %& -E Rs2 ns l 5"ne, (a *t" t 2e d"nafar 9 ,N$" n am *t" t n"m"( d"n (ele (e se 2etre(ea a($l$7 Cnd am aflat, am l at ms r"le ne(esare777 Ce" 5"n$5a+" a f$st 2ede2s"+" e<em2lar7771 8 m"tr Ba( n se st2ne*te *" "nter5"ne d"n n$ = ,E snt de+"n t de a2r$a2e LGan"7 Am tre( t 2r"n ma" t$ate 2en"ten("arele d"n +ar7 M"e "6$lat, f"e n (el le ($m ne7 N"("$dat n am 2 t t fa(e (el ma" m"( %est fr s f"m 56 +" de 2a6n"("" de 2e ($r"d$r7 S 2ra5e%4erea r"% r$as la (are eram s 2 *" f(ea "m2$s"!"l t"l"6area n " a( fr ($ns"m+mnt l %ard"an l "7 C m s3a 2 t t 2etre(e t$ate a(estea fr (a $f"+er"" 2$l"t"(" s f"e ses"6a+" "med"at de %ard"en" F &are n t$ate n(4"s$r"le n (are s3a 2etre( t a(te de %en l (el$r (are s2 nea+" n a+" a5 t n"(" $ 2ers$an de n(redere, (are s 5 2 n la ( rent ( (ele 2etre( te a($l$ F 5G Iar*" n rs2 ns d"na"nte n5+at = ,7C$nd (erea n(4"s$r"l$r era 2e m"na n$r $2$rt n"*t", d *man" a" 2$2$r l ", (are s3a stre( rat n rnd r"le l " t$(ma" ( "nten+"a de a fa(e r 7 A(e*t"a a ($nl (rat ( !and"+""7 8ar a f$st 2ede2s"+" *" e" ( m se ( 5"ne17 8e data a(easta, 8 m"tr Ba( taee *" ($mentea6 d$ar n %nd 9 ,7N "3am ma" s2 s t$ate (ele (e aflasem des2re e<2er"en+7 N"(" de fa2t l ( (e" d"n ($nd (erea n(4"s$r"l$r, ($ns"dera+" de dns l (a 3$2$rt n"*t", n n ma" ( n f seser san(+"$na+", dar 2r"m"ser a5ansr" n %rad *" f n(+""7 N"(" (, na"nte de a tre(e la #4erla, -0 N r(an na"ntase fa"m$s l mem$r" t$(ma" m"n"ster l " d"n (are f(ea 2arte7 N"(" de fa2t l ( 2e !a6a de(lara+""l$r sm lse n demas(r" se j de(aser 6e(" *" 6e(" de 2r$(ese *" ( a(este de(lara+"" tre( ser na"nte 2e la m"n"ster777 *" attea alte detal"" de (are t$+" a5 seser ( n$*t"n+ 2entr (a l" se ra2$rtaser n t"m2 t"l dar n l aser n"(" n fel de ms r17
Re%s"m a(east 5ers" ne n r$man l ,,Cal$3"an l1 al l " I$n On(rnjan, n (are n le%"$nar s2 ne rmt$arele 2ers$naj l " 2r"n("2al, s(r""t$r l #4e+ea = ,7" s2 sese d 2 a(eea ( m se mar"naser a" l ", f$*t"" s" (amara6", nde$se!" ntr3$ an m"t 2er"$ad, 2r"n -.0.)-.AE, (ea ma" %rea, d 2 ( m 6"(ea el7 N 3+" da n mele n(4"s$r"", n"(" amn nte 2rea m lte n 3+" da , dar a($l$, d$mn le #4e+ea *" " !"te 2r"eten, s3a ntm2lat *" tra%ed"" P777 8"re(t$r l ne" an m"te n(4"s$r" "n"+"ase *" nf""n+ase, ( a2r$!r" sa fr, n( n se *t"a ) (a6 l e3n an(4et, d"n (te3am aflat3 ) n fel de ($man3d$ , l 2 sese 2e n l de3a" l$r *ef 2este e", " !%ase la a t$%$s2$dr"re, ( m 6"(ea el7 Oa n(e2 t, l (r r"le era "nteresante, se (rease $ an m"t l"!ertate "nter"$ar, dar d 2 a(eea, d 2 d$ sa tre" l n", s3a 5d"t a f" strm!e t$ate, f""nd( n(e2 ser a t$j de(r"le 2entr fel de fel de 2r"("n", mr nte ma" nt", ma" mar" d 2 a(eea777 Intrase d"4$n"a ntre n$", d"4$n"a trdr"" *" a s s2"(" n""7 "3am n(e2 t s ne sfrmm, ( m se sfrm 2rnnt l (are a n%4e+at ( 2rea m lt a2 n el7 A*a a f$st ( n$"7 " e", st2n"" *" *ef"" n(4"s$r"",
-A
n 6"(ea n"m"(7 N se ameste(a d"re(t7 Ind"re(t se ameste(a , f$arte m lt (4"ar7 Oansa 65$n r" false, n (e3- 2r"5ea 2e (te n l de3al n$str , ne stre( ra (te n *ar2e n sn, s strneas( d"s($rd"e *" nen(redere *" ma" m lt ntre n$"7 " sttea *" se "ta 2e rm P " a*te2ta re6 ltatele, (are era %ra5e, d"n (e n (e ma" %ra5e7 M""nd( n$" aj nseserm de la a t$%$s2$dr"re la a t$e<term"nare17 I$n On(rnjan ren n+ de(" -Q $ 2arte d"n 5ers" nea $f"("al ( $rd"n l 5en"t d"n str"ntate, de la J$r"a S"ma, *" "n$(en+a a t$r"t+"l$r de res$rt (are n3ar f" *t" t n"m"(7 n s(4"m!, s ! "ns2"ra+"a ($nstant a 2art"d l " ($m n"st, men+"ne te6a fen$men l " t"2"( le%"$nar de la C"te*t"7 Un alt 2ers$naj d"n ,Cal$"an l1 " s2 ne l " #4e+ea = ,E", %ard"*t"", era n marea l$r maj$r"tate $ ad nt r de tr$%l$d"+"3a5ent r"er", $amen" fr (2t", s( rs r" *" (6t r" s$("ale7 8e a(eea s3a *" dedat n t"m2 l re!el" n"" la atr$("t+"7 Centr G ( n a5ea n"m"( sfnt, n3a5ea n"(" n (re6, n"(" n s 2$rt m$ral P "3n n(4"s$are, 2e rm, s3a r$s *" s3a m("nat d"n a(elea*" m$t"5e7 >777? E<term"nr"le de (are 5$r!ea K"(en+" , a t$e<term"nr"le, de fa2t, a e<"stat, s3a 2ra(t"(at7 8ar n3a f$st n ma" asta7 A ma" f$st *" alte l (r r", ma" (r nte *" 2$ate ma" (ara(ter"st"(e 2entr n an m"t t"2 de $r%an"6a+"e3e<trem"st, 2aram"l"tar (a d"s("2l"n7 Un l d"ntre ele se refer la dela+" ne, la 2r, n (a "n("dent ns, (" (a s"stem de l (r *" de e<"sten+, (a 2$s"!"l"tate de a te sal5a17 -@ &r, ,fen$men l C"te*t"1 n3a f$st n fen$men t"2"( le%"$nar7 N le%"$nar"" a f$st a(e"a (are s3a %$s2$dr"t *" a t$e<term"nat ntre e"7 ,,C"te*t" l1, n -.0., era $ n(4"s$are re6er5at t"neret l ", ma" 2re("s st den+"l$r (are n 3*" tre( ser n( d"2l$ma sa l"(en+a7 8"ntre e", $ ! n 2arte era le%"$nar", rest l a2ar+"nnd t t r$r f$rma+""l$r 2$l"t"(e7 N"H$lsH" este a(ela (are a "n"+"at a($l$ $ $2era+"e de d"str %ere 2s"4"( a de+"n +"l$r, sl j"nd 3se de am!"+"a nems rat *" de s2"r"t l dem$n"( al n " de+"n t, (are f( se $ 5reme 2arte d"n Mr+""le de Cr (e, dar (are tre( se re2ede la ($m n"*t" *" n(e2 se $ (ar"er strl ("t n 2art"d = N r3(an 7 A(esta *" 2 ne la 2 n(t $ e(4"2 de de+"n +", d"ntre (are n"" f( ser 2arte (nd5a d"ntr3$ $r%an"6a+"e de t"neret le%"$nar, al+"" n 7 Cr"ntre le%"$nar"" d"n %r 2 l l " N r(an se afla = C$2a Ale<andr , 6"s C$2a Nan , O"5"nsH", Mrt"n *, N +" Ctr*(an 7 8ar t$t att de "m2$rtan+", *" nele%"$nar", era T"t s Oe$n"da >d"ntr3$ $r%an"6a+"e na+"$nal3+r3
n"st?, M (4s *" Ste"er >sa Ste"ner?, e5re" aresta+" 2entr a(t"5"tate s"$n"st7 N"(" e", *" n"(" al+" t$r+"$nar" a" l " N r(an de ma" tr6" n3a f$st "m2l"(a+" n 2r$(es s2re a n se *t"r!" $m$%en"tatea le%ende"7 Astfel, n3a f$st j de(a+" n 2r$(es l reed (at$r"l$r B$%dnes( , >t$r+"$nar l de la Canal?, En(4es( (are *"3a t$rt rat 2r$2r" l s n(4" 2n (e a(esta a s( "2at sn%e, T"t s Oe$n"da, 8an 8"a(a, (are 2ra(t"(a $ (ele!r l$5"t r la f"(at (e te f(ea s3+" 2"er6" "med"at ( n$*t"n+a >" se s2 nea n n(4"s$r" ,l$5"t ra 8"a(a1?, C$r" #4erman, -L s$("al"st >5en"t 2r"n -.0A)-.0@ d"n str"ntate? *" n l d"ntre (e" ma" (r 6" reed (at$r"7 Alt r" de M (4s *" Ste"er, t$+" a(e*t"a a f$st el"m"na+" d"n 2r$(es 2entr a n sta n (alea 5ers" n"" $f"("ale7 S($2 l Se( r"t+"", "n"+""nd reed (area de la C"te*t", n era n ma" de a d$!$r f$r+ele 5"" ale ne" m"*(r" 2$l"t"(e ) $r"(are ar f" f$st ea ) (" *" de a an"4"la met$d"(, *" fr 2$s"!"l"tate de re( 2erare, f$r+a de $2$6"+"e a t$tal"t+"" t"neret l " de+"n t7 A5antajele "med"ate sa ma" nde2rtate era rmt$arele = Ma" nt", a ($m2leta an(4eta 2r"n den n+ r"le $!+"n te s ! t$rt ra nentrer 2t *" a n%d " arestarea at$r $2$6an+" rma*" n l"!ertate7 A2$", a le%a 2e de+"n +""3t$r+"$nar" ntre ("7 2r"n ($m2l"("tatea (r"me"7 Cr"n("2" l este s"m2l , l aflm n ,7C$seda+""1 l " 8$st$"e5sH", *", 2e ! n dre2tate, n"" d"ntre (e" (are l3a ( n$s( t 2e N r(an , l3a 2 t t ($m2ara ( KerH$5ensH"7 Sta5r$%4"n, %4"("nd 3" %nd l, " s2 ne l " KerH$5ensH", (are 2re%te*te asas"narea l " at$5 de (tre m"(a sa $r%an"6a+"e de re5$l +"$nar" = ,777aj n%e s m2"n%" 2e 2atr mem!r" d"n %r 2 l t s3- ("d 2e al ("n("lea, s ! 2re3 te<t l ( e n den n+t$r, 2entr (a $ dat (e m2re n a 5rsat sn%e, m2re n s f"e le%a+"7 E" +" 5$r de5en" s(la5", n 5$r ma" ndr6n" s se re5$lte *" s (ear s$($tel"17 In sfr*"t ) re2etm ) d"n (l"2a n (are (el t$rt rat t$rt rea6 la rnd l l ", (al"tatea l " -/ de 5"(t"m d"s2are7 N"men" n 5a ma" mrt r"s" 2entr ( t$+" a f$st le%a+" ntre e" 2r"n t$rt r7 N e<"st 5re n de+"n t d"n t"m2 l ,7 fen$men l " C"te*t"0G >n afar de (e" (are a m r"t s ! t$rt r? (are s n f" s5r*"t (eea (e " se (erea, altfel n 2 tea s(2a7 &r, n fa6a lt"m a reed (r"" " se (erea s3*" t$rt re6e (el ma" ! n 2r"eten7 E dre2t ( a e<"stat (a6 r", e<trem de rare, n (are, d"n ne(es"t+" de an(4et, n de+"n t sa alt l a f$st sm ls d"n reed (are, d s la B ( re*t" *" +"n t a($l$7 n an(4et, 2n (nd 2r$(es l de reed (are s3a n(4e"at7 8ar d"ntre (e" (are a rmas la C"te*t"? n"men" n3a 2 t t "e*" ( m"n"le ( rate7 8e a(eea e !"ne, na"nte (4"ar de a tre(e la des(r"erea (el$r 2etre( te la C"te*t", s se n+elea% ( de a(east e<2er"en+ ) na d"n (ee ma" ne$mene*t" d"n (te a f$st 5re$dat nre%"strate ntr3$ 2$s"!"l ant$l$%"e a sad"sm 3- " ) n 2$t f" a( 6a+" de(t (e" (are a "n"+"at3$ = a t$r"t+"le ($m n"ste, 2e de $ 2arte, n fr nte ( N"H$lsH"7 2r"m"" e<e( tan+", 2e de alta, %r 2 l de 5re$ d$ 6e(" de de+"n +", n fr nte ( E %en N r(an , (are a n(e2 t s t$rt re6e, fr a fi fost e" n*"*" t$rt ra+" ma" na"nte >E?7 Ce t$+" (e"lal+", de5en"+" (4"ar (l" d 2 (e a f$st 5"(t"me, ("ne 2$ate a5ea dre2t l s3" j de(e F Astfel, n st dent d"n T"m"*$ara (are era, d 2 s2 sele 2r$fes$r"l$r *" ($le%"l$r s", n n ma" n f$arte ! n 5"$l$n"st, n n ma" n f"n l"terat >2 tea s re("te 2e d"nafar d"n Sa"nt3R$4n Cerse?, dar *" $ nat r sens"!"l, a2r$a2e fem"n"n, de $ e<trem
( r+en"e
-.
s fleteas(, d 2 reed (area de la C"te*t" a aj ns 2r"ntre (e" ma" a2r"%" t$r+"$nar" *" a f$st ($ndamnat la m$arte n 2r$(es l N r(an 7 Mama l " a 6"se ( !"at l s3a 2 rtat adm"ra!"l n n(4"s$are ) *" (3ar f" f$st $m$rt t$(ma" d"n (a 6a dr6en"e" *" demn"t+"" l "7 n t$at s fer"n+a e", atta mn%"ere a5ea7 Cn (e, ntr3$ 6", ("ne5a "3a s2 s ade5r l, sa $ 2arte d"n el7 8e at n(" feme"a n ma" f(ea de(t s m!le d"n (as3n (as, ( tnd f$*t" 2 *(r"a*", s2ernd ne! ne*te ( ntr3$ 6" n $m " 5a s2 ne ( n e ade5rat7 " ar f" tre! "t s se %seas( ("ne5a, n s3$ m"nt, (" s3" arate (, $ dat de2*"te an m"te l"m"te ale s fer"n+e", $m l n ma" 2$ate ($nt"n a a f" n $m7 &r"(e ar de5en" at n(", t$t 5"(t"m rmne7 R de(ata se $2re*te 2e 2ra% l a(esta al "n man l " (are a f$st C"te*t" l reed (r"" (4"ar *" 2entr 5"(t"mele de5en"te (l"7 n s(4"m!, (e" (are a "n"+"at e<2er"en+a, a t$r"t+"le ($m n"ste *" 2r"m"" e<e( tan+", 2$art rs2 nderea 2entr t$+" (e"lal+"7 C2 t$+" a(e*t"a tre! "e s3" n m"m na"nte de a n(e2e des(r"erea reed (r"" de la C"te*t"7 8e 2artea a t$r"t+"l$r ($m n"ste7 Ma" nt" * N"H$lsH", ($mandant s 2rem al Se( r"t+"" 2n 2r"n -.@0)-.@B *", d 2 t$ate mrt r""le, (el ma" ( m2l"t t$r+"$nar al a(el$r 5rem"7 C (e" d$" adj n(+" a" s" = ($l$nel l 8 l%4er *" ($l$nel l Se2ean 7 A(esta d"n rm a f$st 2e fr$nt n R s"a *" ar f" f$st demas(at (3ar f" m2 *(at a($l$ ($m n"*t"7 C$ndamnat *" rea!"l"tat, el a f$st res2$nsa!"l de n(er(area
20
e<t"nder"" e<2er"en+e" de la C"te*t" la n(4"r3s$area3s2"tal de la Tr% 3&(na7 A(e*t"a la B ( re*t"7 Oa C"te*t", n 2r"m l rnd d"re(t$r l, (2"tan l 8 m"tres( 7 Cr"ntre ,("5"l""1 d"n $ra* a5ea re2 ta+"a n " $m f$arte f"n *" l mea se (4"ar m"ra ( n $m att de del"(at, ! n dansat$r, ele%ant, (4"2e*, j (nd !"ne !r"d%e, a5ea $ f n(+"e att de "n($m2at"!"l ( f"rea l "777 sens"!"l7 8 2 (e reed (area a l at (a2t la C"te*t", 8 m"tres( a f$st transferat la n(4"s$area Mr%"nen"7 As 2ra a (eea (e s3a ntm2lat lter"$r, ("r( la n n(4"s$r" 65$n r" nes"% re7 Astfel, d 2 n an sa d$" de la 2r$(es l l " N r(an , 2re6en+a l " 8 m"tres( ar f" f$st semnalat n n(4"s$area de la K(re*t"7 Un"" s2 n ( l3ar f" a 6"t +"2nd n (el l = ) S *t"+" (a t$ate se 2ltes( 2e l mea asta P A2$" n " s3a ma" aflat rma *" n"(" n s3a a 6"t de 5re$ sent"n+ de ($ndamnare 2r"5"nd 3-7 S f" f$st s 2r"mat (a n l (e *t"a 2rea m lte F Ma" era, t$t la n(4"s$area C"te*t", l$($tenent l 2$l"t"( Mar"na7 Centr el, *ed"n+ele de t$rt r ($nst"t "a $ ade5rat 4ran s fleteas(7 Sttea ( $rele la 5"6et *" se desfta ma" ales la *ed"n+ele de !lasfem"e ant"3(re*3t"n7 N"(" de el n se ma" *t"e n"m"(, d 2 transfer l l " la n(4"s$area d"n Bra*$57 Tr"m"s d"re(t de la M"n"ster l de Interne la C"te*t" s2re a re(r ta de+"n +" reed (a+" 2entr Canal, ($l$nel l Seller, d"n d"re(+"a %eneral a 2en"ten("arel$r, era m!r(at n n"f$rm de m"l"+"e de*" a2ar+"nea Se( r"t+""7 8 2 Bd"6%ra+"a Ane" Ca Her, s3ar f" s"n ("s, ale%nd n ("m"t"r s2re a3*" tra%e n %l$nte n (a27 8e 2artea de+"n +"l$r = E %en N r(an 7 Ce" 7 (are l3a ( n$s( t "" (ara(ter"6ea6 ma" ales 2r"n s2"r"t l dem$n"a(, $ "ntel"%en+ "e*"t d"n ($m n7*" d$r"n+a de af"rmare 2r"n t$ate m"jl$a(ele, n( d"n l"(e , N r(an (a t s3*" sat"sfa( 5$"n+a de 2 tere *"
%r 2r"le de t"neret le%"$nar " se 2ar (ele ma" a2te 2entr s($2 l 2e (are, ($n*t"ent sa n 7 l rmre*te7 Ma(e de(" 2arte, 2r"n -.00)-.0-7 d"n Mr+""le de Cr (e7 M$arte 2 +"n t"m2, de$are(e, "med"at e le%"$nar"" "ntr n "le%al"tate, r 2e $r"(e e%t r ( e" = n3 are n"(" $ 5$(a+"e de a nfr nta 2erse( +""le7 8"m2$tr"5, "med"at d 2 BE a % st, N r(an este 2r"ntre 2r"m"" (are se ns(r" n 2art"d l ($m n"st7 M$arte ! n st dent la 8re2t, el este n l d"ntre a%"tat$r"" de mase a" 2art"d l ", f$arte !"ne 56 t de $r%anele l$(ale, "ar n -.0/ de5"ne mem!r n !"r$ l j de+ean de 2art"d d"n Ia*"7 Tr"m"s la B ( re*t" la $ *($al de d"2l$ma+", se fa(e remar(at n n ma" 2r"n st d""le e<(elente, dar *" 2r"n r$l l de "nf$rmat$r 2e (are *"3- as m ( ent 6"asm7 Se 2are ( d$" st den+" de la 8re2t a f$st $!l"%a+" s 2rseas( Un"5ers"tatea d"n 2r"("na den n+ r"l$r sale = f"l$6$f l de ma" tr6" , T"t s M$(an *" s(r""t$r l A rel C"nt"l"e7 8ar (ar"era l " N r(an (e se an n+a strl ("t$are ) era 2r$%ramat s f"e tr"m"s la Berna ) este ( rmat !r s( 2r"ntr3$ ntm32lare (are n n ma" l " "" 5a s(4"m!a s$arta7 n Mr+""le de Cr (e, N r(an ( n$s( se 2e B$%dan$5"(", le%"$nar (e3* ($nt"n ase a(t"5"3 tatea 2$l"t"( *" n "le%al"tate, d"n (are 2r"("n n"(" n 3*" term"nase st d""le >n e s"% r n"(" m(ar (3*" tre( se !a(ala reat l, ( t$ate ( era ma" n 5rst?7 n -.0A, B$%dan$5"(", (are ($nd (ea Centr l st den+es( d"n Ia*", *" am"nte*te de n f$st frate de (r (e 2e (are3- ( n$*tea d"n l"(e = N r(an 7 C$n5$(at, a(esta " s2 ne (ate%$r"( (3 a "ntrat n 2art"d l ($m n"st *" n ma" 5rea s: *t"e de tre( t7 " ada % ( n 3" d 2e m"na 2$l"+"e" e ($nd"+"a (a le%"$nar"" s: n 2$meneas( de el7 n"("$dat7 C$n5en+"a este res2e(tat *" de B$%dan$5"(" *" de a(e"a d"n j r l l " (are *t"a de e<"sten+a " " N r(an 7 8 2 (e le%"$nar"" d"n (entrele st den+e*t" B ( re*t", Cl j, Ia*", T"m"*$ara snt aresta+" la -A ma" -.0/, ntr3 na d"n a(ele mar" n$2+" 2$l"+"ene*t" (nd d !ele ("r( la de3a l n% l R$m:n"e" 2n n 6$r", n l d"ntre t"ner"" de la Centr l St den+es( Ia*"G mrt r"se*te ns la Se( r"tate, s ! t$rt r, ( la $ "ntln"re ( B$%dan$5"(", 2r"n -.0A)-.0@, ar f" l at 2arte *" N r(an 7 " e de3aj ns (a a(esta s: f"e arestat *" n(4"s la S (ea5a, 2entr a f" "m2l"(at n 2r$(es l l$t l " B$%da3n$5"("7 N r(an n 5a "ta *" n 5a "erta = B$%dan$5"(" 5a m r", (4"n "t de el, n t"m2 l reed (r"" de la C"te*t"7 Oa S (ea5a, nde este ( n$s( t *" de 2art"d *" de Se( r"tate, se man"fest fa+ de N r(an $ de$se!"t ! n5$"n+7 N este 2 s ( (e"lal+" de+"n +", are (el l se2arat, este t"l"6at (a 2lant$n, " se 2r$m"te ( la 2r$(es se 5$r ("a ("r( mstan+e aten ante *" $ ($ndamnare *$ar, ( s s2endarea 2ede2se", n a*a le"
23
n(t s3*" 2$at rel a (t ma" re2ede, des"% r n (4"ar la a(ela*" n"5el, a(t"5"tatea de mem!r de 2art"d, n l"!ertate7 n a(est t"m2, n n(4"s$area de la S (ea5a se desf*$ar n fel de a(+" ne de reed (are, ns 2e (ale ( t$t l 2a*n"(7 B$%dan$5"(", (are3*" fa(e t$t fel l de 2r$(ese de ($n*t""n+ 2entr ( a "m2l"(at s meden"e de $amen", a((e2t 2r$2 nerea de a ("t" ($le%"l$r s" de deten+"e (r+" mar<"ste, de a fa(e n fel de nd$(tr"nare "de$l$%"( n (el l7 Un"" st den+" l rmea6, al+"" l de(lar trdt$r7 N r(an n "a 2arte la a(+" ne7 E 2lant$n 2e ( l$ar *" rmre*te de a($l$ (e se 2etre(e n (el l, "nf$rmnd 2r$!a!"l a t$r"t+"le as 2ra fel l " n (are se desf*$ar e<2er"en+a7 Cr$(es l l$t l " B$%dan$5"(" n este ns j de(at de ($m n"*t", (" de 5e(4" ma%"stra+" m"l"tar", a(e"a*" 2$ate (are3" j de(aser ma" na"nte 2e ($m n"*t" *" (are a( m se strd "a s d$!ndeas( state de ser5"(" (t ma" ! ne 2entr a f" men+"n +" de n$ l re%"m7 A*a n(t, da s"stemat"( ma<"m m de 2edea2s la art"($l l 2re56 t7 Astfel, B$%dan$5"(" este ($ndamnat la BA de an" m n( s"ln"(, "ar N r(an la L an"
n(4"s$are ($re(3+"$nal7 T$ate s2eran+ele l " de a se rea!"l"ta ra2"d se nr "e7 Intr$d s n (el l ( (e"lal+", N r(an se "nte%rea6 %r 2 l " l " B$%dan$5"(", de5en"nd (4"ar n fel de adj n(t al s n reed (are mar<"st, 2e (are a(esta $ ($nt"n , (a s n se s2 n ( f sese $2$rt n"st *" n(e2 se a(east a(+" ne d$ar 2entr a 2r"m" $ 2edea2s ma" *$ar7 N r(an n se 2$ate ns m l+ m" ( n r$l de adj n(t7 n d"s( +"" se d"st"n%e 2r"ntr3$ "ntrans"%en+ "nter2retat"5, de5en"nd (el ma" len"n"st d"n %r 2 *" ata(nd 3- n $ dat 2e B$%dan$5"(" 2entr "nter2retr"le sale $2$rt n"ste, Ha +H"ste7 Mer%e ma" de2arte *" 2 ne s ! semn l nd$"el"" s"n(er"tatea reed (r"" l " B$%dan$5"(", n(e2nd s3*" al(t "as( 2r$2r" l s %r 27 Oa S (ea5a era 2en"ten("ar n a*te2tarea j de(+"", sa n(4"s$are d"s("2l"nar ( (el le "nd"5"d ale 2entr (e" (are, n alte n(4"s$r", se d$5ed"ser "re( 2era!"l"7 >A"(" a m r"t (el ma" er$"( ,t rnt$r1 d"n R$m:n"a, O (a 8amas3(4"n7 8$" an" s"m lase a f" "nf$rmat$r l ($l$nel l " T$ller, 2entr a sal5a de la m$arte ) dnd 3le s 2l"mente de mn(are n (al"tatea l " de 2lant$n ), (t ma" m l+" de+"n +" de la A" d7 8es($2er"t, el a f$st transferat, d"s("2l"3 nar, la S (ea5a?7 8e la S (ea5a, t$t %r 2 l B$%dan$5"(" este de(" m!ar(at ntr3$ 6" 2entr a f" d s ntr3$ n(4"s$are de e<e( +"e *", n tran6"t, se $2re*te la R"la5a7 A"(", N r(an d"s2are 2e ma" m lte 6"le7 Oa nt$ar(ere, 2ret"nde (3a f$st la $ an(4et s 2l"mentar7 8e fa2t, f sese d s la M"n"ster l de Interne 2entr ntre5eder" d"re(te ( N"H$lsH", s2re a 2 ne la 2 n(t n alt st"l de reed (are7 N r(an a5ea, n( de la S (ea5a, 5re$ 6e(e st den+" ( t$t l de5$ta+" l " *" %ata s trea( la a(+" ne7 m2re n ( al+"", re(r ta+" la R"la5a, N r(an al(t "e*te $r%an"6a+"a &787C7U7 >&r%an"6a+"a de+"n +"l$r ( ($n5"n%er" ($m n"ste?, des2re (are n"(" n1 de+"n t, n afar de (e" (are $ al(t "a , n *t"a n"m"(7 8"n &787C7C7 f(ea 2arte 5re$ BA d$ 6e(" de t"ner"7 Iat n mele (el$r ma" ( n$s( +" d"ntre e" = C$2a Ale<andr , 6"s C$2a Nan , adj n(t l l " N r(an , st dent la a%r$n$m"e, la Ia*", a f$st na d"n (ele ma" f"$r$ase f"% r" ale reed (r"", *" a ($nd s, (t5a t"m2, reed (area la #4erla7 Cr"ntr3 n ($n( rs de ("r( mstan+e as 2ra (r$ra 5$m re5en", a s(2at de ($ndamnarea la m$arte *" tr"e*te n 2a(e n R$m:n"a7 Alii = O"5"nsH", Mrt"n *, T"t s Oe$n"da, N +" Ctr*(an , M (4s, Ste"er,G era le%"$nar", dar *" na+"$nal3+rn"*t" *" s"$n"*t"7 8e la R"la5a, a(est %r 2, m2re n ( al+" st den+" 5en"+" d"n T"m"*$ara *" d"n Cl j, este ndre2tat s2re C"te*t", nde snt re n"+" st den+"" ) 2r"ntre e" se ma" rt("ser c=iBa ele5" sa m n("t$r" ) (are n 3*" tre( ser n( d"2l$ma7 Ce" ( d"2l$m sa l"(en+ era tr"m"*" la A" d, s(2nd astfel de reed (are, n (l"2a a(eea ns, n"men" 2r"ntre de+"n +", r7 afara %r 2 l " l " N r(an , n *t"a (e se 2re%te*te la C"te*t" *" n"(" (e nseamn reed (area7 Cel m lt da( (e" s$s"+" de la S (ea5a 2$t s (read (3ar f" $ reed"tate a tentat"5e" l " B$%dan$5"("7 8e fa2t, 2n n 6" a de @ de(em!r"e -.0., n"(" n de+"n t de "a C"te*t" n *t"a (e3- a*tea2t7 8 m"tr Ba( e<2l"( astfel de (e a f$st aleas 2entr e<2er"en+ n(4"s$area de la C"te*t" =
26
,S"t at n afara $ra* l ", s2re 2artea de n$rd35est, n a2r$2"erea n " 2r *" de2arte de $r"(e all l$( "n+, $ferea n med" f$arte 2r"eln"( 2entr @chin.i-iri> n"(" n str"%t n$2 tnd f" a 6"t de ("ne5a7 n a(est (entr ; "deal 2entr e<2er"en+ a f$st ad na+" t$+" @t-denii aresta+" 2n n t$amna l " -.0/17
St den+"" ) relatea6 ma" de2arte 8 m"tr Ra( 7) era m2r+"+" n 2atr (ate%$r""7 n 2r"ma (ate%$r"e "ntra (e" re+"n +" fr sent"n+ j de(t$reas( >(eea (e n 3" m2"ed"(a s fa( *ase G2n la *a2te an" n(4"s$are?7 n a d$ a se afla (e" ($ndamna+" 2entr del"(te m"n$re = neden-nare> fa5$r"6are, s"m2l s s2"(" ne, 2ede2sele 5ar""nd "ntre tre" *" ("n(" an" n(4"s$are ($re(+"$nal7 A tre"a (ate%$r"e era f$rmat de elementele ($ndamnate ( $ $are(are j st"f"(are j r"d"(, n(adrate n del"(t l de , nelt"re m2$tr"5a $rd"n"" s$("ale1, ( 2ede2se de "a $2t la ("n("s2re6e(e an" temn"+ %rea7 Marea maj$r"tate a st den+"l$r de la C"te*t" f(ea 2arte d"n a(east (ate%$r"e7 n sfr*"t, n lt"ma "ntra (e" ($ndamna+" de "a 6e(e 2n la d$ 6e(" *" ("n(" de an" m n( s"ln"( = *ef" de %r 2 r", 2ers$nal"t+" d"n l mea st den+eas( ( $ "nfl en+ a(t"5 as 2ra (el$r d"n j r l l$r7 8 2 8 m"tr Ba( , m2r+"rea 2e (ate%$r"" a5ea dre2t s($2 s "6$le6e 2e *ef" de (ate%$r""le m"n$re, (are astfel era ma" s s(e2t"!"le de a (eda 2res" n"l$r7 I6$larea d"n "nter"$r tre,-ia sa f"e d !lat *" 2r"ntr3$ "6$lare t$tal fa+ de e<ter"$r7 Astfel, la n(e2 t l l " -.0., 2a(4etele ( al"mente *" ($res3 2$nden+a ( fam"l"a a f$st s 2r"mate7 n 2l s =
27
G,Ter$area %ard"en"l$r s3a a((ent at7 S(4"n3%" r"le n !e(" l n(4"s$r"" a de5en"t fre(3 5ente, 2entr m$t"5e dese$r" "n5entate7 Amen"n+r"le ( s !n+eles %re de %4"("t, 5"6"tele dese ale d"re(t$r l " *" ale $f"+er"l$r 2$l"t"(" 2r"n (el le, 2er(4e6"+""le "n$2"nate la $r"(e $r d"n 6" *" d"n n$a2te, "nter6"(erea a(t"5"t+"" de $r"(e nat r s ! 2ede2se stra*n"(e, a f$st "nd"(""le s(4"m!r"l$r (are tre! "a s "nter5"n n 2este m lt17 7 8e la (artea l " 8 m"tr Ba( s ne nt$ar(em s2re ,d$sar l1 s$s"t de la B ( re*t", (r "a " sntem mere tr"! tar"7 In n(4"s$area de la C"te*t", n (are ($nd (erea, n fr nte ( d"re(t$r l 8 m"tres( *" ( l$($tenent l 2$l"t"( Mar"na, a 2r"m"t $rd"ne str"(te de la B ( re*t", "ar %ard"en"" *t" ( 5$r a5ea a as( lta ( str"(te+e 2e N r(an , 2e la j mtatea l n"" n$"em!r"e -.0., se 2etre(e n transfer7 C"n("s2re6e(e de+"n +" d"ntre (e" ma" refra(tar" snt ( le*" d"n (el lele l$r *" ad na+" n Camera 0 S2"tal, dest"nat "n"+"al !$lna5"l$r *" aleas 2entr 2r"ma e<2er"en+ d"n (a 6a relat"5e" e" "6$lr" de (elelalte (el le7 Cr"ntre a(e*t" "red (t"!"l", m l+" le%"$nar" des"% r, dar *" elemente nea5nd n"m"( de a fa(e ( Oe%" nea, (a de 2"ld, Sand An%eles( , d"n T"m"*$ara, arestat 2entr a f" f( t 2arte d"ntr3$ $r%an"6a+"e re%al"st *" (are este ales *ef al Camere" 0 S2"tal7 Aj n*" a($l$, (e" ("n("s2re6e(e st den+" %ses(, "nstala+" de (te5a 6"le, s2 n e", 2e al+" ("n("s2re6e(e ) de fa2t, %r 2 l l " N r(an ) (are3" 2r"mes( (a 2e n"*te fra+"7 Cel la este al(t "t d"ntr3 n 2r"(" (are mer%e de la n
28
(a2t la (ellalt, d$ar ntr3 n s"n% r l$( e n 2at (are " se d l " Sand An%eles( , (a *ef al (amere"7 T"m2 de d$ s2tmn", f"e(are d"n %r 2 l N r(an se lea% n m$d s2e("al de n l d"ntre n$"" de+"n +"7 N r(an ns *" l ale%e 2e Sand An%eles( , n tnr de $ "ntrans"%en+ m$ral e<em2lar7 Camarader"a este %eneral, n"(" $ n$t fals, $ t$tal "dent"tate de 5eder", $ ne*t"r!"t $2$6"+"e fa+ de re%"m l ($m n"st7 ntr3$ astfel de atm$sfer, t"ner"" (are n3a n( $ *($al a 2r den+e" n n(4"s$are, *" des(4"d re2ede s fletele *" s2 n m lte l (r r" 2e (are re *"ser s le as( nd n t"m2 l an(4ete", *" man"fest n%r"j$rarea 2entr (e" lsa+" n l"!ertate, anal"6ea6, m2re n ( n$"" l$r 2r"eten", 2re(a +""le 2e (are (e" d"n afar 5$r tre! " s le "a 2entr a n f", la rnd l l$r, aresta+", *" ($m n"( %nd r"le (ele ma" "nt"me7 S3ar s2 ne ( a(east Camer 0 S2"tal e n fel de la!$rat$r al re6"sten+e" m$rale, al "nfle<"!"le" determ"nr"7 Cn n d"m"nea+a de @ de(em!r"e -.0., de Sfn* l N"( lae, (nd se des(4"de 2r$l$% l
e<2er"en+e" de la C"te*t"7 n d"m"nea+a a(eea, %ard"an l, S 2 (e ad (e mn(are, se adresea6 *ef l " (amere", l " Sand An%eles( = ) Ce3", m, ( 2 l$5er l sta 5erde F " a"(" fa(" 2e le%"$nar l F Sand An%eles( rs2 nde = ) N3am f$st n"("$dat le%"$nar *" n"(" m(ar n3am f$st a( 6at de a f" f$st a*a, (e5a7 Snt arestat (a mem!r al t"neret l " re%al"st *" a(esta este 2 l$5er l ( (are am f$st arestat7
29
#ard"an l "ns"st = ) S($+" "med"at 2 l$5er l Sand An%eles( n(ear( s 2arlamente6e, n(e2 se s f"e fr"%7 C6 se (4"ar 2 +"n n"ns$are7 Cel lele, !"nen+eles, n era n(l6"te7 8a( ddea 2 l$5er l, rmnea d$ar n (ma*7 Insens"!"l la $r"(e fel de ar% ment, %ard"an l 5$("ferea67 Cn la rm, Sand An%eles( (edea6, s($ate 2 l$5er l *" "3- nt"nde7 Iar n t"m2 (e a(esta tra%e, de 2e ( l$ar, 636$r l, Sand An%eles( l nj r7 n (l"2a a(eea, N r(an , (el ma" ! n 2r"eten al s d"n (el l, ($nf"dent l de d$ s2tmn" de 6"le, ma" m lt de(t n 2r"eten, n frate, se re2ede as 2ra l ", " tra%e $ 2alm ) a5ea $ 2alm n2ra6n"( *" $ (ar r f"6"( e<tra$rd"nar ) *" +"2 = ) C m ndr6ne*t", !and"t le, s nj r" n %ard"an P St 2$are n (el l7 In se( nda a(eea de t(ere "m"t, (a la n semnal, f"e(are d"ntre reed (at$r"" l " N r(an se ar n( as 2ra 2r"eten l " (el ma" ! n de 2n at n(" *" se n("n%e $ !ta"e %eneral, 7 Ce (el lar se a 6ea 5a(arm, +"2ete, de$dat n 6%$m$t de %eam s2art7 Un 65$r (are se tra%e ) ma" 2re("s n lan+ de f"er ( m era 2e at n(" la *"le (el lel$r7 & t(ere de m$rmnt7 A2$", d"n n$ , rlete n%r$6"t$are7 Ce se ntm2l nl ntr F Oa n m$ment dat, ( m (e" n$" 5en"+" 2rea ma" tar" de(t reed (at$r"" ) ( e<(e2+"a l " N r(an ) a(esta *" s($ate !$(an( l *"3- ar n( n %eam7 At n(" se des(4"d "med"at *"le *" "ntr 5re$ 6e(e %ar3
30
d"en" n fr nte ( (2"tan l 8 m"tres( *" ( l$($tenent l Mar"na7 C2"tan l 8 m"trese +"2 = ) Ce se ntm2l a"(", m F Unde 5 tre6"+" F Ce3" %l%"a asta F C"ne3" *ef l (amere" F Sand An%eles( na"ntea6 = ) m" da+" 5$"e s 5 ra2$rte6, 8$mn le C$mandant, stteam n a(east (amer l"n"*t"+" 2n (e n %r 2 de de+"n +", ($nd *" de N r(an , 2e (are "3am %s"t n a(east (amer a( m d$ s:2tmn", s3a n2 st"t as 2ra n$astr *" a n(e2 t s ne l$5eas(7 " (2"tan l 8 m"tres( , f(nd 3se ( e f r"$s = ) A*a F Care e*t" t la de te (4eam N r(an F Ia s te 5d e la fa+ F Ce (re6" t 7 m, ( a"(" e*t" a(as, 2e m$*"a l " tat3t F Iese d"n rnd N r(an = ) m" da+" 5$"e s 5 ra2$rte6, 8$mn le C$mandant, n$" sntem a"(" n %r 2 de t"ner" reed (a+" (are3am f( t $ $r%an"6a+"e, $r%an"6a+"a de+"n +"l$r ( ($n5"n%er" ($m n"ste, &787C7C, *" am 2r$2 s a(est$r !and"+" s ren n+e la at"t d"nea *" la a(t"5"t+"le l$r (r"m"nale *" s se alt re $r%an"6a+"e n$astre7 At n(" e" a sr"t as 2ra n$astr *" a n(e2 t s ne l$5eas(7 Iat ade5r l, 8$mn le C$mandant P
B"nen+eles t$t l f sese aranjat d"na"nte7 N n ma" la M"n"ster l de Interne nde N r3 (an f sese d s de la R"la5a, s2re a d"s( ta d"re(t ( N"H$lsH", dar *", 2entr sta!"l"rea desf* rr"" 2r"me" $2era+"", la C"te*t"7 N r(an f sese (4emat, ( $ 6" na"nte, la $ an(4et de Ende se nt$rsese f$arte tr"st *" s"m lase (3a f$st !t t7 n 6adar n(er(a a( m An%eles( s resta!"leas( ade5r l7 C2"tan l 8 m"3tres( n ma" 5$"a s a d de n"m"(7 ) Ia "e*"+" 2e ( l$ar, 5$" *t"a refra(tar" reed (r""7 8e6!r(a+"35 la 2"ele7 8e+"n +"", n 2"elea %$al, a f$st $!l"%a+" s se nt"nd 2e ( l$ar, d"re(t 2e ("ment *" t"m2 de 2este $ j mtate de $r a f$st !t +" a*a ( m se t$a( ! (+" de (arne, de (tre %ard"en" narma+" ( rn%" de f"er *" ( !te7 8 2 (are, tr 2 r"le l$r nsn%erate a f$st trte na2$" n (el l *" 2 se la d"s2$6"+"a re3ed (at$r"l$r (are as"staser la s2e(ta($l7 8e(alaj l de f$r+e astfel $!+"n t era 6dr$!"t$r7 Reed (area 2 tea s n(ea2,- U* D Reed (area a5ea 2atr fa6e7 8e3a l n% l 2r"me", den m"t demascarea extern, de+"3 n t l tre! "a s3*" arate leal"tatea fa+ de 2art"d *" de $r%an"6a+"a &787C7C, s2 nnd t$t (e as( nsese la an(4etele de la Se( r"tate, de3n n+nd t$ate le%t r"le 2e (are le 2stra n afara n(4"s$r"", (a *" ($m2l"("t+"le de (are !enef"("ase7 n ( rs l a(est$r demas(r" e<terne, ale (r$r re6 ltate era na"ntate M"n"ster l " de Interne, s3a aflat ma" m lt de(t n t$ate an(4etele de 2n at n(" de la Se( r"tate7 8e(lara+""le era f( te ma" nt" 5er!al, (4"ar s ! s(4"n%" "re, a2$" s(r"se 2e $ 2la( de s2 n, 5er"f"(ate de ("ne5a d"n ($m"tet l 7 de reed (are, dese$r" de N r(an ns *"3 n
32
sfr*"t, tre( te 2e 4rt"e, semnate de de(larant *" tr"m"se la Interne7 A d$ a fa6, demascarea intern, ddea B *" ea re6 ltate e<(e2+"$nale 2entr Se( r"tate7 St dent l s(4"n%" "t tre! "a s dema*te 2e a(e"a (are3- aj taser s re6"ste n "nter"$r l n(4"s$r"" = f"e 2r"ntre (e"lal+" de+"n +" >(e" (are3- m!r!taser sa l 2 seser n %ard s f"e 2r dent?, f"e d"n adm"n"stra+"a n(4"s$r"" = n an(4etat$r ma" !"ne5$"t$r, n m"l"+"an (are3" f( se 5re$ fa5$are n t"m2 l e<e( tr"" 2ede2se"7 Cr"mele d$ fa6e ad (ea de(" ser5"("" d"re(te, ($n(rete, Se( r"t+"", n%d "nd 3" s $2ere6e $ ser"e de arestr" n afara n(4"s$r"" " s el"m"ne d"n adm"n"stra+"a n(4"s$r"" elementele ma" !lnde7 Se( r"tate $!+"nea astfel n s 2l"ment de an(4et (are n3ar f" 2 t t n"("$dat f" d s la ! n sfr*"t 2r"n met$dele (las"(e de t$rt r7 Celelalte d$ fa6e ale reed (r"" rmrea n alt s($2 = an"4"larea m$ral a de+"n t l ", d"str %erea 2ers$nal"t+"" sale7 E<2er"ment l a2ar+"ne, de data a(easta, 2at$l$%"e" m"ntale7 Astfel se tre(e la fa6a a tre"a, demascarea moral public, n ( rs l (re"a de+"n t l e ne5$"t s (al(e n 2"("$are t$t (e are ma" sfnt *", n 2r"m l rnd, fam"l"a, 8 mne6e l ) da( / (red"n("$s, s$+"a sa " !"ta, 2r"eten"", 2e el ns *"7 Tre( t l f"e(r "a este anal"6at 2 n(t ( 2 n(t, 2e teme" l I " tre! "e "n5entat 5ers" nea (ea ma" m$nstr $as ( 2 t"n+7 Tatl9 s2re 2"ld, tre! "e s a2ar (a n es(r$(, n !and"t, n *2er+ar7 C m 2r"ntre de+"n +" se 33 afla m l+" !"e+" de la +ar ) *" de(" *" f"" de 2re$+" ) a(e*t"a d"n rm snt 2 *" s des(r"e ( l < de amn nte s(enele er$t"(e la (are n3ar f" dedat tatl l$r, (4"ar n altar, s s2 nem, 2e (nd 2re%tea ( m"ne(t ra7 Iar mama e artat (a $ 2r$st"t at,
de+"n t l f""nd 2 s s "n5ente6e, (t ma" detal"at, s(enele la (are ar f" as"stat (4"ar el7 8es2re el ns *", de+"n t l tre! "e, n sfr*"t, s n(4"2 "e (ele ma" raf"nate 2er5ers"t+"7 N"men" n s(a2 2n n a($2er ( n$r$", n 2 !l"(, "65$arele 5"" ale 5"e+"" l ", 2n (e d"n tre( t n3a d"s2r t lt"ma frm de (are s3ar 2 tea a%+a a2$" s2re a3*" re($nst"t " 2ers$nal"tatea7 " n ma" at n(" (nd drmarea " a2are l " N r(an (a def"n"t"5,9 (nd de+"n t l este ($ns"derat demn de a "ntra n &787C7C7, "nter5"ne a 2atra fa6 *" lt"ma ($nd"+"e 2entr a r2 ne $r"(e s2eran+ a ne" nt$ar(er" na2$"= reed (at l e 2 s s ($nd ( 2r$(es l de reed (are al (el " ma" ! n 2r"eten al s , s(4"n3%" "nd 3- ( m"n"le l " *" de5en"nd, astfel, la 6"d l l ", (l 7 T$rt ra este (4e"a re *"te"7 8e3a l n% l t t r$r a(est$r fa6e, ($nfes" n"le era re% lat ntrer 2te de t$rt r"7 &r"(e a" f" s2 s, $r"(t de m lte "nfam"" a" f" "n5entat, N r(an n era n"("$dat m l+ m"t7 8e t$rt r, n 2 tea" s(2a7 Era d$ar 2$s"!"l, a( 6nd 3te de (ele ma" mar" m:r*5"", s s( rte6" 2er"$ada s(4"n%" "r""7 A f$st st den+" t$rt ra+" d$ l n" de 6"le, al+"", ma" ($$2erat"5", d$ar $ s2t3rnn7 & s"n% r e<(e2+"e, 2$ate n"(" ea a!s$l t, de la a(east re% l = %r 2 l &787C7C7 (
34
(are 2$rn"se N r(an la dr m7 8ar s3a ntm32lat (a *" n$ra d"n a(e*t" ("n("s2re6e(e3 d$ 36e(" de ($la!$rat$r" de5$ta+" N r(an s le re2r$*e6e l"2sa de 5"%"len+, 2a(t"6area ( (e" n ( rs de reed (are *" s3" frea( 2r"n (V te5a 6"le de t$rt r7 Ce ms ra "6!n6"" sale, N r(an n 5$"a s m2art ( n"men" %l$r"a de a f" "n"+"at$r l e<2er"en+e" *" ar n(a, d"n (nd n (nd, s s2"(" n" as 2ra (el$r (are3- rmaser d"ntr n(e2 t, 2entr a rmne s"n% r l ne2tat, s"n% r l 2 tern"(7 8e fa2t, 2 terea l " era nel"m"tat *" (re*tea 2e ms r (e 2 tea ($ntem2la r l s5r*"t *" ne2 t"n+a 5"(t"mel$r7 T$+" de+"n +"" era $!l"%a+" s3" s2 n d$mn le N r(an *" s " se adrese6e ( 8 mnea5$astr7 El *" 2stra 2r"5"le%" l de a le s2 ne ,m17 In n(4"s$area de la C"te*t", d"s2 nea de 2 ter" d"s(re+"$nare7 C tea des(4"de *a de la (el l *" (ere %ard"an l " s3" ad ( ,2e !and"t l ( tare d"n (amera ( tare17 A5ea e5"den+a ntre%"" n(4"s$r" *" ( n$*tea (lementele (ele ma" refra(tare7 #ard"an l " s2 nea t$t 8$mn le N r(an *" " rs2 ndea res2e(t $s7 8 2 (t5a t"m2 de la n(e2 t l e<2er"en+e", N r(an *" al(t "se e(4"2e m"(" de reed (are, (e a(+"$na n d"fer"te (el le *" el se 2l"m!a n "ns2e(+"e7 C (t (re*tea n mr l reed (a+"l$r, ( att N r(an se s"m+ea na" tare, *" 2e ms r (e a(east 2 tere (re*3tea, nne! nea ma" m lt, s(4"n%" "a, dar *" ("dea ( m"n"le l "7 T$rt ra n ($nsta, !"nen+eles7 n !t"7 Bt" a f$st t$tdea na la Se( r"tate7 " n n ma" !t"7 A f$st 2 *" $amen" la r$tat"5 1: s-au rsucit minie, au fost btu i !a t!"i, "ura en# na mai "uteau "une "icioru! "e "-rnnt, #ar, to i cei care au trecut "rin aceste c$inuri s"un c erau f!oare !a urec$e "e n% ce!e ima%inate #e &urcanu' n "rimu! rn#, "entru c n cursa! ree#ucrii triai n ce!u! cu anc$etatoru!, care nu- i ##ea o c!i" r%a(' Noa"tea "uteai #ormi, e #re"t, #ar numai "e s"ate, com"!et %o!' cu mini!e ntinse #easu"ra "turii' Iar #ac' "rin somn' fceai o ' mi)care, sau ncercai s te ntorci "e o "arte, erai !o*it #irect n ca" cu bi!a #e un ree#ucator caro fcea #e "!anton' Una #in' torturi!e ce!e mai c!asice + a"arent sim"!, n fa"t bui: are + era ,)a-(isa ,'intrare )i ie)ire #in )er"rie in (ece secun#e-' Pentru ci!i. orii care nu cunosc/ /.m$a0u! nc$isori!or,- s1 re2 : i0 rnai rnt, ee snt
'')er"ria- si ''b ose1r!a3' 4i3tr-o #in ce!e mari se af!au #e obicei #ou "ricinii 5a#ic #ou "aturi #e /6 nm mer%ift# #e !a "erete !a a!tu! )i "e ca"e oamenii #orm ea sar#e!e!e7' 8e ic mai #eseori "riciuri!e a*eau #ou ni*e!uri + "ari5 r )i eta0 + )i erau simetrice, #eci era cu )i tvtrri ar fi fost "atru "riciuri ntr-o camer' 8um camere!e erau, n %enera!, su"raa%!omerate, unii #e inu i intrau sub "ric9 )i #ormeau #irect "e ciment' :e aici termenu! #e ;)er"rie-5 : te strecura/ sub "rici ca un )ar"e )i aco!o nu "uteai sta #ect ntins' Ir< s"a ii!e #intre "riciuri era broscria' =co!o au oamenii ca broa)te!e, n%$esui i "e ciment, #ar totu)i mai bine ca n )er"rie, ne-a*!n# #easu"ra ca"u!ui un "rici care sri
S8
m"ie#ice s fac orice mi)care' Un om "roas"t sosit ntr-o astfe! #e camer ticsit )i ne%sin# nici un !oc, intra mai nti !a )er"rie, trecea, cn# "utea, !a broscrie )i numai a"oi a0un%ea, ntr-o bun (i, "e "rici' n ce consta ;intrarea )i ie)irea #e !a )er"rie n (ece secun#e- > Te aruncai "e burt )i n (ece secun#e trebuia s fi ie)it #e aco!o )i s te "re(in i n "o(i ie #e #re" i n fa a !ui &urcanu' ="oi #in nou n )er"rie )i #in nou n fa a !ui &urcanu, tot n (ece secun#e, #e *reo sut #e ori' 8n# ie)eai #e sub )er"rie erai btut cu obiecte meta!ice sau cu cureaua "n !a s1n%e' i iar trebuia s "trun(i n )er"rie, #e #ata asta n cinci secun#e, #eoarece tim"u! se scurta "e msur ca #e inutu! obosea' =u fost "erioa#e cn# ;intrarea )i ie)irea #in )er"rie-, cu torturi!e interca!ate, #urau n mo# nentreru"t cte )ase ore n )ir' :ac *reunu! c#ea )i-)i "ier#ea cuno)tin a, se arunca "este e! o %!eat cu a" )i ime#iat ce-)i re*enea, o"era ia rence"ea, Unu! #intre "rimii ree#u-catori #in %ru"u! !ui &urcanu, Nu i Ptr canu, era aceia care atunci cn# un tnr c#ea ntr-o astfe! #e com, i !ua "u!su! "entru a *e#ea #ac e sau nu n "rime0#ie #e moarte )i coman#a re!uarea o"era iei' :ar c$iar #ac era cea mai e"ui(ant, ;intrarea )i ie)irea #in )er"rie- nu era )i cea mai %roa(nic #intre torturi' = fost "racticat toat %ama + "osibi! )i im"osibi! + a torturi!or : #iferite "r i a!e cor"u!ui erau arse cu i%ara, au fost #e inu i crora !i s-au necro(at fese!e )i !e-au c(ut cum ca#e carnea #e
37
"e !e"ro)i' =! ii au fost ob!i%a i s mnnce o %ame! #e feca!e )i #u" ce o ?omau !i se nfun#a *oma n %t' Ima%ina ia #e!irant a !ui urcanu se #e(-!n uia mai a!es atunci cn# a*ea #ea face cu stu#en i care cre#eau n :umne(eu )i se str#uiau s nu se rene%e' =stfe!, unii,, erau ;bote(a i- n fiecare #iminea : scufun#a i cu ca"u! n $r#u! cu urin )i materii feca!e, n tim ce cei!a! i n 0ur "sa!mo#iau formu!a bote(u!ui' =cesta #ura "n ce a"a fcea bu!buci' 8n# #e inutu! reca!citrant era "e "unctu! #e a se neca, era scos, i se ##ea un scurt r%a( s res"ire, a"oi era scufun#at #in nou' Unu! #intre ace)ti ;bote(a i- cruia i se a"!icase sistematic tortura, a0unsese !a un automatism care 1-a inut *reo #ou !uni #e (i!e : mer%ea n fiecare #iminea )i-)i b%a sin%ur ca"u! n $r#u, s"re $a(u! ree#ucatori!or' 8it #es"re stu#en ii n teo!o%ie, ei erau ob!i%a i #e &urcanu s oficie(e n s!u0be!e ne%re "e care !e re%i(a mai a!es n s"tmna Pa)-!e!ui )-n noa"tea
n*ierii' Unii fceau "e r-eo*nieii, a! ii "e "reo ii' Te@tu! !itur%$iei !ui &urcanu era, binen e!es, "orno%rafic, "arafra->in#, !a mo#u! #emonic, te@tu! ori%ina!' Prea Afnta Nsctoare #e :umne(eu era numit ;marea cur*-, Isus ;i#iotu! care a murit "e cruce-' Atu#entu! n teo!o%ie cruia i re*enea ro!u! "reotu!ui era #e(brcat n "ie!ea %oa!, a"oi aco"erit cu un cearceaf mn0it cu feca!i, #e %t i se atrna un fa!us fcut #in :':'T'' "!ine )i s"un' In noa"tea n*ierii #in 1BCD, #e inu ii n fa( #e ree#ucare #e !a Pite)ti au fost ob!i%a i s treac "rin fa a unui atare ''"reot- s srute fa!usu! )i s s"un ;Eristos a n*iat-' &urcanu obser*a mimica fiecruia, )! #ac unu! #intre cei care se #ec!araser ree#uca i, care-)i #enun aser to i "rietenii )i cunoscu ii, care #escriseser cum se cu!caser cu mame!e !or sau cum )i *io!aser surori!e, a*ea acum o c!i", totu)i, #e e(itare, #ac se sim ea c are o strn%ere #e inim n acest moment a! b!asfemiei, atunci i(bucnea : + =$, ban#itu!e, *a s (ic i se "are c "rofane(i, mai snt n tine rm)i e #in e#uca ia ta mr)a* / Ia s treci #in nou "rin toate fa(e!e' 8eea ce te-a fcut s tremuri acum, te-a m"ie#icat s faci )i #emascarea intern )i #emascarea e@tern cum ar fi trebuit' Fei re!ua #e !a ca"t ntrea%a ree#ucare' :e ce stu#en ii #e !a Pite)ti nu se !inuci"#eau #ect s su"orte acest infern coti#ian care #ucea, n orice ca(, !a #istru%erea !or "si$ic, !a anu!area statutu!ui !or #e oameni > Gs"unsu! e sim"!u : nu se sinuci#eau "entru c na*eau cum' n ce!u! nu #is"uneau #e nici un obiect meta!ic' :e nici un cu it, #e nici o furcu!i ' Mncarea #in %ame! erau ob!i%a i s-o a"uce cu %ura, ca "orcii n troac' Lin%uri!e, tacmu!' #e*eneau o fa*oare acor#at numai ree#uca i!or transforma i n tor ionari' E*i#ent c acest mo# #e a se a!imenta nu re"re(enta #oar o "recau ie m"otri*a si30
W n ("der"l$r, (" f(ea 2arte d"n s"stem l de de%radare %eneral7 8 m"tr Ba( d rmt$arele detal"" n (artea sa des2re C"te*t" = ,St den+"" era $!l"%a+" s mnn(e 2$r3(e*te, ad"( ser5"nd 3se n ma" de % r7 St 3 dent l tre! "a s se a*e6e n %en n(4", ( m"n"le la s2ate, sa d"re(t 2e !rn(", da( a(esta era $rd"n l *ef l " de reed (are7 8m 2$6"+"a a(easta, tre! "a s s$ar! l"(4"d l f"er!"nte d"n %amela 2 s n fa+a l "7 Band"+"" n a5ea 5$"e s s2ele %amela d 2 (e ($ns ma ($n+"n t l7 C r+at l se f(ea ( l"m!a, 2entr ( a2a dat n (el l era ($ns mat n ma" de (e" (are era deja reed (a+"7 >777? Se ad (ea de 2e ($r"d$r de (tre 2lanl$ane n (" !ere de lemn sa n alte 5ase, e5"tnd 3se !"nen+eles $r"(e 5as (asa!"l (are ar f" 2 t t da ( "5a n m"jl$( de s"n ("dere17 C astfel de met$de rmrea na"nte de t$ate m"l"rea 5"(t"me", ne ma" d $ d$5ad ) da( ar ma" f" ne5$"e ) t$t 8 m"tr Ba( , semnalnd (a6 l n " st dent n te$l$%"e >desemnat de "n"+"alele A7&7? $!l"%at s3*" fa( ne5$"le n %amel *" s 2r"meas( rnn(are n ea, fr a a5ea 5$"e s3$ ( re+e n 2reala!"l altfel de(t t$t ( l"m!a7 n(er(r" de s"n ("dere a f$st t$t *", *" nen mrate7 Un"" a n(er(at s3*" sf*"e ar"e3 rele ( d"n+"", al+"" s3*" str"5eas( (a2 l de 2erete7 n 6adar7 Era , n %eneral, s r2r"n*" la t"m2 de reed (at$r"" nsr("na+" ( s 2ra5e%4erea l$r 2ermanent7
T$t 8 m"tr Ba( d (a6 l st dent l " N7 K7 de la Ma( ltatea de Te$l$%"e d"n T"m"*
40
*$ara, (are, d 2 (e a n(er(at s3*" ta"e 5enele *" n3a re *"t, a 2r$f"tat de (l"2a n (are s3a ad s n 4rd f"er!"nte ( s 2 de fas$le d"n (are "e*ea a! r" *" a sr"t de 2e 2r"(" l de la etaj ( (a2 l d"re(t n 4rd 7 S2era s a"! ars r" de %rad l I7 N3a f$st de(t de %rad l III *", (a 2edea2s, a f$st sn$2"t n !t" 2n *"3a s( "2at 2lmn""7 Un alt st dent >C7S7? de la Ma( ltatea de 8re2t d"n Cl j a mn(at, 2entr a3*" 2 ne (a2t 6"lel$r, $ j mtate de H"l$%ram de s2 n7 8ar, de*" s2 n l era f( t d"n re6"d r" de 2etr$l, n3a a5 t n"m"(7 A e<"stat t$t *" n st dent (are a re *"t s se s"n ("d7 & dat la d$ s2tmn", n d"n ($ns"derente de man"tate (" (a s n se de(lare 5re$ m$l"m n n(4"s$are, de+"n +"" de Ia C"te*t" era d *" la !a"a (a"e se afla la etaj l K7 St dent l er!an #4e$r%4e, de Ia M rfatlar, arestat la B ( re*t" n -.0/, s3a ar n(at 2""n %$l l d"n s2"rala s(r"" *" a m r"t 2e l$(7 Cnd a 5en"t "ar rnd l la !a"e, 2este alte d$ s2tmn", $ 2las f sese nt"ns "ntre etaje7 S"n ("derea de5enea ( ne2 t"n+ *", de fa2t, de3at n(" n($l$, n se ma" *t"e de 5re n st dent (are s f" "6! t"t s3*" 2 n: (a2t 6"lel$r la C"te*t"7 8a( s"n ("der"le era e<(l se, de ("s, n s(4"m!, se ("dea la C"te*t"7 Cele ma" dese$r", N r(an era (el (are -cidea c- ina l " 2r"n t$rt r" nend rt$are7
l
K"(t"ma l " 2r"5"le%"at a f$st B$%dan$5"(", 2e (are3- ($ns"dera res2$nsa!"l de arestarea l " *" 2e (are s3a r6! nat ns t"t7 n Camera 0 S2"tal, N r(an s3a ,$( 2at1 s2e("al de B$%dan$5"(", (r "a "3a re6er5at (ele ma" ter"f"ante s(4"n%" "r"7 I3a 6dr$!"t d"n+"", n l (te n l >(nd a m r"t n ma" a5ea n"(" n l?, T"m2 de tre" 6"le, fr ntrer 2ere, a j (at 2e 2:nte(ele *" 2e 2"e2t l l ", a 6"nd ( m " tr$63nes( *" " se r 2 $asele7 K"(t"ma a5ea $ re6"sten+ nema"2$men"t7 N ma" d 2 5re$ s t de 4em$ra%"" "nterne a f$st d s la "nf"rmer"a n(4"s$r"" n ($m, ( r 2t ra 2an(reas l " *" ( "ntest"n l 2erf$rat7 A ma" tr"t n( d$ s2tmn" *" s3a st"ns n R$"a Mare -.A0, s2 nnd ( se ! ( r ( m$are, ( s fer"n+ele sale a re2re6entat $ drea2t "s2*"re a 2(at l " de a f" a((e2tat s stea de 5$r! ( ($m n"*t"" *" s n(er(e 2 nerea n a2l"(are a 2r"m l " 2lan de reed (are 2r"n ("t"rea de te<te mar<"ste la n(4"s$area d"n S (ea5a7 B$%dan$5"(" n3a a2 (at s f"e reed (at, s "ntre n &787C7C, s de5"n t$r+"$nar l alt$ra7 Setea de r6! nare a l " N r(an "3a ( rmat 6"lele ma" na"nte7 A(eea*" r6! nare $ 2r$"e(ta dealtm"nter as 2ra (el$rlal+" le%"$nar", ne"ertnd 3le de a f" f$st la $r"%"nea arestr"" l "7 Un "a d"ntre e" "3a s2 s $dat a2r$<"mat"5 a(este 5$r!e = ) ,8a( 53am f" s2 s = (are d"ntre 5$" 5rea s m$ar, s3ar f" %s"t dest " ne! n" ( ed (a+"a 5$astr e<altat (are ar f" rs2 ns = m$artea, n ma" m$artea le%"$nar, *" am f" dat na*tere alt$r N"(ad$r", alt$r 8e(em5"r",
42
( m a f( t 2art"dele "st$r"(e ("nd 53a ("s7 N$" fa(em alt(e5a, n$" fa(em ma" !"ne = 5 ("dem m$ral, s 5 f"e s(r! de 5$" n*"5, s n ma" 2 te+" a*te2ta n"m"(, s n ma" 2 te+" d$r" !"r "n+a le%"$nar7 C"ne d"ntre 5$" s d$reas( a*a (e5a F C$2 C$rnel F Ma" 2$ate el d$r" !"r "n+a le%"$nar F Ca s 5"n le%"$nar"" d"n str"ntate *" s3" s2 n, trdt$r le F N (nta+" 5$" (3a5em d$ar %l$an+e 2entr trdt$r" F A( m n ma" snte+" de(t n"*te e2a5e7 Iat (e am re *"t7 Ceea (e "d"$+"" de l"!eral" *" de +rn"*t" n3 a 2 t t7 8"m2$tr"5, e" a f( t d"n 5$" n"*te mart"r"7 Ia 2*e*te t a( m 2e ( lm" de
5ea(7 S3+" 5d 2as l I le%"$nar7 8 2 (e3a" tre( t 2r"n reed (are e* "m2$s"!"l s ma" 2*e*t" ( mndr"e7 N ma" 2$+" a5ea de(t n mers m"l, n mers (are s (ere "ertareGG7 C$2 C$rnel f sese d"ntre t"ner"" (e" ma" ( raj$*"7 &r%an"6ase f %a n str"ntate a 5re$ d$ 6e(" *" ("n(" de 2ers$ane, ref 6nd s 2le(e *" el7 n Camera 0 S2"tal re6"stase m lt 5reme la reed (are7 8 2 *ase s2tmn" de t$rt r n ma" era de(t $ mas de (arne t mef"at n (are n " se ma" 2 tea d"st"n%e nas l, $(4"", % ra7 8 m"tr Ba( "" ntlne*te ma" tr6" n n(4"s$area #4erla, mer%ndGla !a"e, *"3" 5ede 2e s2ate n"*te rme (" date, n fel de !ra6de 5ert"(ale de3a l n% l s2atel ", "ar n l$( de fese, n"*te s($!"t r"7 Era rmele (4"n r"l$r de la C"te*t"7 Cr! *"rea l " C$rnel C$2 a f$st s2e(ta( lar7 8e5en"se n l d"ntre (e" ma" tem +" t$r+"$nar"7 A f$st e<e( tat (a reed (:t$r7 Alt l, d"ntre (e" ma" s(4"n%" "+" de N r3(an ) *" 2r$!a!"l d"n a(elea*" m$t"5e ) a f$st C$sta(4e &2r"*an, *ef l Mr+""l$r de Cra(e 2e ntrea%a +ar7 M$st st dent n f"l$6$f"e la Cl j, ma" 5rstn"( >f sese n #erman"a, nde3- a d"ase 2e Je"de%%er?, &2r"*an f sese a2re("at de O ("an Bla%a *" de 87 87 R$*ea, (are, de*" n 3- a5 seser st dent de(t n an, l ($ns"deraser (a 2e n l d"ntre elementele (ele ma" d$tate7 A tre( t de ma" m lte $r" 2r"n t$ate fa6ele reed (r"", de f"e(are dat N r3(an de(larnd 3- nes"n(er7 n Camera 0 S2"tal se ma" 2 tea 5edea 2n n -.AB rmele sn%el " s , "ar N r(an , (4"n "nd $dat 2e n tnr d"n Mr+""le de Cr (e " s2 sese (4"ar = ) Krea s3+" +*neas( sn%ele 2n3n ta5an, s fa( a($l$ n" nea m"st"( ( s"n%ele l " &2r"*an7 B$lna5 de $ft"(, &2r"*an a f$st s($s d"n sala !$lna5"l$r *" d s ntr3$ (el l de temn"+ %rea, nde a f$st 2 s s !at ( m"na l " 2e n frate de (r (e eareVl ad$ra *"3- ($ns"3 dera (a 2e n fel de 6e 7 &2r"*an n ma" a5ea de(t tre"6e(" *" *a2te de H"l$%rame (nd a m r"t la S2"tal l n(4"s$r"" K(re*t", n -/AL, de t !er( l$6a ($ntra(tat at n("7 8ar "ar*" n tre! "e s se (read ( t$r3t r""e *" ("derea era re6er5ate le%"$nar"l$r, ( a5ea dre2t s($2 d$ar e<term"narea ne" m"*(r" 2$l"t"(e7 Un l d"ntre (e" ma" %r$a6n"( (4"n "+" a f$st, de 2"ld, Sand"" An%eles( , arestat (a re%al"st, *" 2r"n (are N r(an *"Va *" n(e2 t e<2er"en+a7
44
8e fa2t, N r(an se sl jea de (el ma" m"( 2r"lej 2entr a 2 ne n (a 6 s"n(er"tatea (el " (are tre(ea 2r"n reed (are *" a3- t$rt ra d"n n$ 7 Astfel, n l d"ntre (e" ma" "ntel"%en+" st den+" de la Ma( ltatea de f"l$6$f"e d"n B ( re*t", J "(, d 2 (e a re6"stat (t a 2 t t, *"3a dat seama ( n e n"m"( de f( t *" a tre( t 2r"n t$ate fa6ele reed (r""7 8e*" s ! t$rt r, n 3*" 2"erd se 2r$!a!"l s"m+ l 4 m$r l "7 Aj ns la demas(area m$ral *" n (" da fa2t l " ( "n5entase t$t fel l de m$nstr $6"t+", N r(an l s(4"n%" "a mere 7 At n(", d"n3tr3$ dat7 (a "l m"nat, a str"%at = ) 8$mn le N r(an , snt n (r"m"nal, n !and"t, n3am mrt r"s"t l (r r"le (ele ma" %r$a6n"(e = am re% lat (a2re, %*te, ( r(", ra+e777 *" en merarea de an"male n se ma" term"na7 8re2t 2edea2s, N r(an -3a 2 s s trea( d"n n$ 2r"n t$ate fa6ele reed (r"", s "a t$t l de la n(e2 t7 A(east "6! (n"re a l " J "( -3a ($stat alte 2atr s2tm:n" de t$rt r"7 N se *t"e (e s3a ma" ales d"n el7 Se *t"e n s(4"m! ( n ( rs l reed (r"" a 2"er"t (el 2 +"n ("n("s2re6e(e st den+", d"n3 tre (are = Nedel( a m r"t n 2$st ra de (r ("f"(at, s(4"n%" "t de N r(an , (are, ($nstatnd m$ar3
tea, a !t t n * *" a s2 s %ard"an l " m32"n%nd 4$"t l ( !$(an( l = ) Ia3- 2e !an3 d"t l sta = "3a (edat "n"ma7 #afen( , de la Ia*", t$rt rat ( 2at"m s2$r"t d"n 2r"("na ,m"st"("sm l "1 s 7 0A Cantem"tX de la Ma( ltatea de (4"m"e d"n Ia*", (are ref 6a ( ndrtn"("e s3*" den n+e 2r"eten""7 Ca l O"m!erea, d"n C"te*t" *" #4e$r%4es( (are a m r"t n ( rs l ,demas(r"" e<terne17 S ne ma" m"rm ( n astfel de ($nd"+"", n afar de (e" m$r+", reed (a+"" a de5en"t, la rnd l l$r, reed (at$r", ad"( s(4"n%" "t$r" F " dese$r" ( att ma" (r 6" ( (t f seser na"nte ma" re6"sten+" F Am 56 t (a6 l att de (lar, n tra%"sm l l ", al l " C$rnel C$27 Un alt s(4"n%" "t$r, d"n3 tre (e" ma" tem +", era Ca l Car 5"a, st dent n f"l$6$f"e de la B ( re*t", n l d"ntre re3ed (at$r"" n$t$r"" de la #4erla, (are n *"3a ma" 2 t t re5en" n"(" d 2 (e t$t l s3a term"nat *" a ($nt"n at *" n afara n(4"s$r"" meser"a de "nf$rmat$r7 As mnd 3*" 2n la (a2t n$ a *" "n mana sa ($nd"+"e, Cara5"a a a5 t, $ dat el"!erat d"n n(4"s$are, t"m2 l s $r%an"6e6e ( 5re$ d$ 6e(" de $amen" n %r 2 de $2$6"+"e, s3" t$arne 2e t$+", s "ntre ( e" n 2 *(r"e 2entr (a el s f"e el"!erat d 2 *ase l n" *" (e"lal+" s rmn 2n la amn"st"a %eneral7 A( m (+"5a an", Ca l Cara5"a era (er(ett$r n 2r$!leme de "st$r"a artel$r *" !"!l"$te(ar al Inst"t t l " de Ar4"te(t r7 N *t"m da( ma" este *" a6"7 Alt (a6, m lt ma" ($m2l"(at = st dent l la Med"("n, #4e$"G%4e Cal(" 7 8e2"nde (r"d l3 a" ( n$s( t = na"nte de reed (are, d 2 2r$2r"a 0@ sa reed (are, sa d 2 (e ntrea%a $2era+"e a R at sfr*"t7 Yna"nte de C"te*t", Cal(" f sese 2r"ntre (e" ma" "ntrans"%en+", d 2 reed (are, d"ntre t$r+"$nar"" (e" ma" nr"+", d 2 s"r*"t l e<2er"en+e", n (l"2a (nd se ns(ena 2r$(es l ( +a2" "s2*"t$r", rede5"ne 5e(4" l $m, ( raj$s *" leal7 Cal(" n3a 2 t t s f"e j de(at n l$t l l " T r(an , de$are(e a an n+at ( n 5a rs2 nde la n"(" $ ntre!are 2n (nd n 5a f" ad s (a mart$r la 2r$(es ade5rat l "n"+"at$r al e<2er"en+e", %eneral l N"H$lsH"7 8 m"tr Ba( -3a 56 t la #4erla n 2r$2r"a sa (el l = ,8"ntre reed (a+"" d"n (el l, (el ma" 2er"( l$s 2e 5remea a(eea era n f$st st dent n med"("n, Cal(" #4e$r%4e, 2$re(l"t ,em"nen+a (en *"e1 a d"re(t$r l " #$"(" 9 Cal(" era n l d"ntre (e" ma" de5$ta+" "nf$rmat$r" 2e (are "3a dat reed (area *" (are a l at $are( m l$( l l " N r(an 17 8ar t$t 8 m"tr Ba( , ad %a (te5a 2a%"n" ma" de2arte = ,A f$st r"d"(at de la #4erla *" d s la M"n"ster l de Interne 2entr an(4et7 Oa 2le(are era n( reed (at ($n5"ns7 N *t" (t a rmas a*a, dar 2este d$" an" e<a(t am a5 t $(a6"a ntr3ade5r n"( s afl des2re tre(erea l " 2r"n m"n"ster *" des2re (eea (e " se 2re%tea, d"re(t de la el7 In -.A@, ntr3$ (el l d"n arest l 2r"n("2al al m"n"ster l " de 2e Calea K"(t$r"e", ma" e<a(t n (el la (are se %se*te n fa+a (amere" $f"+er l " de ser5"(" sa **ef l arest l " ( m " se ma" s2 ne, am %s"t, tras ( a( l n l"tere M$rse, rmt$area fra6
47
(are m3a nf"$rat =fCal(" #4e$r%4e am f$st ad s a"(" 2entr (a s f" $m$rt, n snt 5"n$5at7
N3a f$st ($ndamnat la m$arte >sa " s3a ($m tat? *" a f$st tr"m"s d 2 2r$(es l s ) se2arat de al l " N r(an *" al l$t l " s ) "a se(+"a de e<term"nare de la R"la5a, fa"m$asa (amer AE, nde a d$5ed"t ( se s(4"m!ase "nte%ral7 S3a 2 rtat, a5ea s s2 n a2$" ($le%"" s" de (el l, (a n sfnt ( e", mer3%nd 2n la sa(r"f"(" 7 n ( rs l ne" e2"dem"" de de6"nter"e, *"3a t"at 5enele 2entr a da (el$r !$lna5" s !ea sn%e7 C"nd a "e*"t d"n n(4"s$are era 2r$f nd rel"%"$s, s3a ns(r"s la te$l$%"e *" a aj ns 2r$fes$r la Sem"nar l te$l$%"(7 Cred"("le 2e (are le +"nea era as( ltate n n ma" de st den+"" s", t" *" de st den+" de la *t""n+ele e<a(te7 n -.LL, a f$st dat afar d"n 2$st l s de 2r$fes$r, s 2ra5e%4eat, amen"n+at, *antajat (a s se l"n"*teas(7 N s3a l"n"*t"t7 Aj tat de n %r 2 de (red"n("$*" (e se re n"ser 2entr a3- a2ra *" a s(r"e Catr"ar4 l ", Cal(" n3a (edat7 A f$st d"n n$ arestat "a -0 mart"e -.L., ($ndamnat la 6e(e an" n(4"s$are, ($m ta+" n *a2te an" *" j mtate, *" s 2 s n " re%"m de e<term"nare n n(4"s$area de la A" d >0?7 C *"3a re5en"t, 2lt"nd 2n la mart"raj $ 5"n (e n f sese a l$r, a*a ( m a f( t3$ 2r"ntele Cal(" , sa ( n *"3a ma" 2 t t n"("$dat re($m2 ne 5e(4ea 2ers$nal"tate, f"e aj n%nd 2e 2ra% l ne! n"e", f"e 5e%etnd a2at"(, f"e n(2+nnd 3se n r (a Ca l Ca3ra5"a, $r"(are d"ntre se4"n%" "+""3s(4m%" "t$r",
48
d"ntre reed (a+""3reed (at$r", d"ntre 5"(t"mele3(l" ar f" 2 t t re2eta fra6a s(r"s n m$rse de Cal(" 2e n 6"d de n(4"s$are = nu snt vinovat". T$+", n afar de maj$r"tatea (el$r (e ($nst"t "ser 2r"m l %r 2 d"n j r l l " N r3(an 7 Ca s n ma" 5$r!"m de a t$r"t+"le ($m n"ste, la t$ate n"5el r"le, (r$ra le "n( m! t$at rs2 nderea ,reed (r""17 Se 2r$d sese, de fa2t, la C"te*t", $ m ta+"e a 2s"4"sm l " $menes(7 Se ns( se n n$ t"2 man ) da( se ma" 2 tea n m" astfel ) (are 5a de5en" $ en"%m *" $ ter$are 2entr de+"n +"" d"n n(4"s$r"le alese 2entr e<t"nderea e<2er"en+e"7 8e$are(e ,"ns la1 C"te*t" era men"t s de5"n ,ar4"2ela% l1 C"te*t"7 Cn la sfr*"t l l " -.A0, (nd N r(an l"2se*te $ s2tmn de la C"te*t" ) e d s la B ( re*t" s d"s( te ( N"H$lsH" m$dal"t+"le $2era+"e" ) n"men" n afara ,"ns le"1 ter$r"" a!s$l te (are era C"te*t" l n *t"a (e se 2etre( se a($l$7 8ar $ dat ( rs2nd"rea st den+"l$r reed (a+" la Canal, la #4erla, la Tr% 3&ena, la &(nele Mar", 65$n r"le n(e2 s ("r( le d"n n(4"s$are n n(4"s$are as 2ra a2ar"+"e" a(este" s2e+e n$"7 N"men" n n+ele%e ( m s3a 2 t t "5", dar t$at l mea se teme de ea7 8 m"tr Ba( 2$5este*te ( m, n -.A- ma" nt", a2$" n -.AB, de+"n +" 5en"+" de la Canal n n(4"s$area n (are se afla, *$2tes(, a5ert"6ea6 = ,) Mer"+"35 de st den+" (a de Satana P >777? (4"ar da( se 2re6"nt s ! mas(a 2r"eten"e"7 0. A f( t 2rea m lt r *" n"" ($nt"n s ma" fa(17 8 m"tr Ba( se m"r, se re5$lt = ,) 8e (e 5$r!e*te t$at l mea a*a de st den+" F Ce s3a 2etre( t ( e" (a s de5"n att de r" F 8$ar *t"" ( altfel a f$st na"nte17 " "nterl$( t$r l s " rs2 nde = ,) N *t" *" n"(" n 5rea s *t" (e a f$st ( e"7 +" s2 n d$ar ( m *( r 7 Ce f r"*7 Mere*te3te7771 A5ert"6at, $ dat, de d$ $r", de tre" $r", 8 m"tr Ba( t$t n n+ele%e, d 2 ( m, m lt 5reme, n"men" n3a "6! t"t s 2r"(ea2 (e se ntm2lase7
,ntrea%a st den+"me era 2 s n (a 6 >777? " t$t *" $amen"" a(e*t"a n 2 tea s m"nt7 Centr ( 5$r!ea de 2r$2r"a l$r 2ers$an, de 2r$2r"a l$r s fer"n+7 >777? St den+"" !at, den n+, snt "nf$rmat$r"" $f"+er"l$r 2$l"t"(", mres( n$rmele, (4"n "es( 2e (e" (are n le 2$t nde2l"n"7771 8ar, ntr3$ 6", la #4erla, l a5ert"6ea6 (4"ar n st dent = 7,) S 5 fer"+" de m"ne P E snt st dent7 " asta tre! "e s 5 s2 n m lt7 S 5 fer"+" n n ma" de m"ne, (" de t$+" st den+""7 Ma" ales de (e" (are 5 snt 2r"eten"17 Ma" m lt n 2 tea s s2 n n"(" n reed (at7 S"n% r l (are n(er(ase s3$ fa(, la #4erla, f sese 2r"ns *" 2ede2s"t n a*a fel n(t n"men" s n 3- ma" "m"te7 T$t 8 m"tr Ba( , 2$5este*te = ,Cr"ntre st den+"" s$s"+" de la C"te*t" *" s($*" ?a m n( n fa!r"(, se afla *" n l $r"%"nar A0 d"n Cl$"e*t", R$da*7 Oa "e*"rea d"n atel"er a mtln"t f$*t" 2r"eten" de a(t"5"tate, $amen" n Zare a5ea n(redere $ar!7 Cr$f"tnd de $ m"( (l"2 de l"!ertate, a mrt r"s"t n "a d"ntre e" t$at drama C"te*t" l ", n ( 5"nte s"m2le *" n(er(nd s3- fa( s 2r"(ea2 (t ma" re2ede7 N a5ea 2rea m lt t"m27 Cr"eten l -3a as( ltat ( aten+"e, a2$", s r2r"ns de (ele a 6"te, a n(er(at s 5er"f"(e a tent"("tatea ntre3!nd777 2e n alt st dent n (are a5ea a(eea*" n(redere P Ma" de%ra! (erea de la a(esta "nf"rmarea s2 sel$r 2entr ( de (re6 t n 2 tea (rede P " ntr3ade5r, st dent l -3a l"n"*t"t7 ,R$da* este "nf$rmat$r l se( r"t+"" *" (ele s2 se fa( 2arte d"ntr3 n 2r$%ram 5ast, 2 s la (ale de ($m n"*t" 2entr ($m2r$m"terea st den+"l$r17 M n("t$r l a 2le(at l"n"*t"t s se ( l(e7 I se l ase $ 2"atr %rea de 2e "n"m7 St dent l a 2le(at "med"at s ra2$rte6e l " N r(an 7 I se l ase *" l " $ 2"atr de 2e "n"m 2entr ( se 2are ( el era nsr("nat s3s 2ra5e%4e6e 2e R$da*7 S"m2l ($"n("den+ P M n("t$r l a s2 s *" alt$r 2r"eten" s se fereas( de R$da*7 8ar a(esta n a ma" a5 t 2r"lej l s se d ( n atel"er7 A d$ a 6", ntr3$ (el l de la etaj l tre" a a2r t N r(an 7 A $rd$nat t t r$r st den+"l$r s se n3 t$ar( ( fa+a la 2erete7 A2$" a f( t 2e ("ne5a s "ntre n (el l7 A $rd$nat d"n n$ st den+"l$r s re5"n ( fa+a s2re *7 C"ne5a sttea l"n% el, dar n se 2 tea *t" ("ne 2entr ( a5ea (a2 l a($2er"t ( n sa(17 Cnd e sm ls sa( l de 2e (a2 l de+"n +" n"men" n 3- 2$ate "dent"f"(a = A;&!ra6 l ntre% era n ma" $ ran t mef"at, 5r"tsO Cete mar" de sn%e a($2erea ntre% (4"2 l, 2rel n%"nd 3se n j$s 2e 4a"ne7 &m l se (lt"na 2e 2"("$are a!"a +"nnd 3 se dre2t7 Trem ra d"n t$t ($r2 l (a a2 (at de fr"% r"GG7 " at n(" N r(an s2 ne = ,7) R$da* a 5$r!"t7 >777? E am re(4" 2este t$t7 >777? Este 2r"m l (a6, alt l n 5a ma" 2 tea f" ad s n fa+a 5$astr, 2entr ( n 5a ma" tr"17 S(ena a f$st re2etat n t$ate (el lele ( st den+"7 Era n( $ met$d "n5entat de N r(an *" !"ne 2 s la 2 n(t la C"te*t"7 Se anea ,as"starea la s2e(ta($lGG7 N r(an $!3sf r5ase ( 2entr (e" (e tre( ser 2r"n (4"n r", fa2t l de a as"sta la s(4"n%" "rea alt$ra era dese$r" ma" "ns 2$rta!"l de(t a $ s 2$rta e" n*"*", ter$r"6a+" *" de 2ers2e(t"5a de a 2 tea de5en", la (el ma" m"( (a2r"(" al r(ed (at$3r l ", d"n s2e(tat$r, a(t$r7 Era de(" n$rmal, d"n 2 n(t l l " de 5edere, (a ,as"starea la s2e(ta($l1 s f"e "n(l s n met$dele de reed (are7 S ne nt$ar(em la C"te*t", nde se 2re%te*te e<t"nderea reed (r""7 C$l$nel l Seller >a(ela*" (are, d 2 d"6%ra+"a Ane" Ca Her *" a l " Te$4ar" #e$r%(s( , *" 5a tra%e n
%l$nte n (a2 ntr3 n ("m"t"r? sele(+"$nea6 2e st den+"" (e a5ea s f"e tr"m"*" la Canal, la !r"%6"le -E *" -0 d"n ($l$n"a Cen"ns la7 Un alt %r 2 de tre"6e("32atr 6e(" de reed (a+" este e<2ed"at la #4erla 2entr a e<2er"menta met$dele reed (r"" *" la $amen"" n 5rst7 Al+"" sl""t e<2ed"a+" la n(4"s$area de la &(nele Mar"7 &n sfr*"t, t !er( l$*"" a f$st transfera+" Ia n(4"s$area3sanat$r" Tr% 3 &(na, s ! d"re(+"a n " 5eteran al demas(r"l$r, N +" Ctr*(an , st dent n med"("n7 " 2entr ( a5em 2entr 2r"ma $ar 2r"lej l s ($nstatm n7 e*e( al reed (r"", s n n(e2em 2r"n Canal, sa 2r"n #4erla, nde e<2er"en+a a re *"t, la n(e2 t, t$t att de !"ne (a la C"te*t", (" s ne $2r"m ma" tat"" la (ele d$ (a6 r" de $2r"re f$r+at a demas3 (r"l$r7 Cr"m l sVa 2r$d s t$(ma" la n(4"s$area de t !er( l$*" de la Tr% 3&(na7 8at f""nd ( a"(" se afla d2ar !$lna5" n lt"m l %rad, sa "nf"rm", n s3a 2 t t re( r%e la t$rt ra nentrer 2t ) 2"atr de temel"e a e<2er"en+e"7 Ea a f$st nl$( "t 2r"n (amera nea%r ) fr aer Z) *" ma" ales 2r"n *antaj l ( med"(amentele (are n 2 tea f" $!+"n te de(t da( te s 32 nea" *"3+" f(ea" demas(area7 8 m"tr Ba( 2$5este*te ( m %re5a f$ame" s3a de(lan*atG n j r l n " st dent de la Ma( ltatea de 8re2t de la B ( re*t", K"r%"l I$nes( , (are tre( se 2ar+"al 2r"n demas(r" la C"te*t" *", nema"s 2$r3tnd re2etarea l$r, a n(er(at s se s"n ("d, t"nd 3*" 5enele ( $ lam7 Ce"lal+" st den+" a de(larat ( n(e2 %re5a f$ame" *" ( n3$ 5$r ntrer 2e 2n n 5a 5en" 2r$( r$r l s 2 n (a2t demas(r"l$r7 ntr3$ d m"n"( d"m"nea+a, (ad 2e teren l de s2$rt d"n 2reajma n(4"3
#3
s$r"" se d"s2 ta n me(" de f$t!al, st den+"", n%rmd"+" la ferestre, a n(e2 t s +"2e, (ernd aj t$r7 t"rea s3a rs2nd"t n $ra* *" a f$st an n+at 2r$( r$r l tr"! nal l " d"n Ba( 7 Cr$!a!"l d"n "n"+"at"5 2r$2r"e, ($mandant l Se( r"t+"" l$(ale a $rd$nat $ an(4et7 N"(" n reed (at$r n3a f$st 2ede2s"t, d"m2$tr"5, (e" de la C"te*t" a d$mn"t ma" de2arte 2este n(4"s$are, dar demas(r"le a f$st ntrer 2te7 T$t 8 m"tr Ba( d amn nte des2re ratarea e<2er"en+e" n n(4"s$area de la &(nele3 Mar"7 N"(" a"(" "6$larea n 2 tea f" att de de2l"n (a la C"te*t"7 8e+"n +"" m n(ea ntr3 n atel"er de m$!"l *" 2e l"n% 2$l"t"(" se afla *" de+"n +" de dre2t ($m n7 Reed (at$r"" 5en"+" de la C"te*t" le3a l at l$( l n m n("le de 2e ($r"d$r (e le n%d "a s ($ntr$le6e 5"a+a n(4"s$r"" *" s3*" alea% ma" lesne 2r"mele 5"(t"me7 Se(e la n(e2 t, "6$late n (el lele m"(" d"ntr3$ ar"2 a n(4"s$r"", la n$rd7 Cr"ntre ele = Atanase Ca2ana(e, a5$(at l Mate"a*, d"n M%ra*, a5$(at l N"($lae Mt * , f$st se(retar al 2art"d l " +rnes( d"n #re("a, ref %"at n R$m:n"a n t"m2 l r6!$" l ", m n("t$r l #4e$r%4e Caran"(a, de+"n t n( de 2e 5remea l " Ant$nes( 7 M seser ale*", n %eneral, $amen" ma" n 5rst (are se 2res 2 nea ( n 5$r $2 ne $ mare re6"sten+7 8ar n n ma" (3a f$st ma" tar" de(t m l+" t"ner", (" a %s"t *" m"jl$( l de a ($m n"(a (el$rlal+" de+"n +" (e se mtm2l7 n n mele t t r$r, per@onalit<i ma" de 5a6 2r"ntre (e" n(4"*", 2r$fes$r l Man$"les( , f$st m"n"str , S$l$m$n, C$2 #4e$r%4e, Cetre N +ea, K$jen ete7 a amen"n3 "at ( s"n ("derea n mas da( n n(etea6 s(4"n%" "r"le7 C m le%t r"le ( e<ter"$r l era as"% rate f"e 2r"n de+"n +"" de dre2t ($m n, (are " detesta 2e reed (at$r"" (e le r2"ser m n("le de 2e ($r"d$r, f"e 2r"n 5"6"te la 5$r!"t$r, r"s( l d"5 l%r"" era 2rea mare7 8emas(r"le a f$st de(", *" de data a(easta, $2r"te7
A a5ert"6a d"re(+"a n(4"s$r"" era 2r"ma rea(+"e a de+"n +"l$r (are n 2r"(e2 ser ( reed (area se desf*$ar d 2 n 2lan !"ne 2 s la 2 n(t d"re(t de M"n"ster l de Interne de la B ( re*t"7 N ma" ( n t$+" (e" (are a ndr6n"t s atra% aten+"a adm"n"stra+"e" s3a ! ( rat de a(ela*" s ((es (a la &(nele3Mar" sa Tr% 3&(na7 S l m n (a6 la #4erla, a*a ( m e relatat t$t de 8 m"tr Ba( = ,Cr"m l (are a n(er(at s a5ert"6e6e adm"n"stra+"a a f$st n m n("t$r ma(ed$nean d"n Banat, ($ndamnat la 6e(e an" temn"+ %rea, m" se 2are7 n 2l"n demas(are, (el la a f$st 5"6"tat de n d"re(t$r de la M"n"ster l de Interne, Cel 5en"t n "ns2e(+"e se 2are ( era ns *" N"H$lsH", nsr("nat ( d"re(+"a %eneral a an(4etel$r d"n t$at +ara7 >777? 8"n %r 2 l al"n"at, n 2$6"+"e de dre2+", 2e (nd n"men" n se a*te2ta, 2entr ( a5ert"sment l f sese dat n ma" ( 2 +"n na"nte, m n("t$r l se des2r"nde *" (ere s ra2$rte6eGP7 M n("t$r l ( "n"+"alele E7&7 des(r"e (4"n r"le s fer"te n demas(are7 AA G,8"re(t$r l #4e$r%4" , (are as"sta la s(en, a s"m lat att de 2erfe(t s r2r"nderea, n(t n*"*" (e" (4"n "+" 2 tea s (read ( n *t"e n"m"(7 I3a s2 s "ns2e(t$r l " (: n a a 6"t des2re a(este s(4"n%" "r", ( l " n " s3a ra2$rtat n"("$dat n"m"(, ( 5a (er(eta s 5ad (e este ade5rat *" ( 5a l a ms r"le ( 5en"te 2entr ndre2tare, da( 5a ($nstata ( (ele s2 se snt ade5rate, m(ar n 2arte7 >777? An(4et n s3a f( t *" n"(" ms r" n s3 a l at7 Ms r"le le3a l at n s(4"m! N r(an 9 a ($nstat n sm l%erea n%4""l$r de la 2"("$are ( (le*tele >777? n3tr3 na d"n (el lele m"(" n (are E7&7 a f$st "6$lat d 2 ra2$rt7 Cnd P3am ntln"t 2e E7&, n -.A0, Fe 4rnea ( (art$f" *" 2"ne 2entr ( d"n (el l a "e*"t ( Zf"(at l d"str s 2entr t$tdea na17 N *t"m da( %eneral l N"H$lsH" s3a de2lasat n 2ers$an la #4erla 2entr $ "ns2e(+"e7 8a( a*a s3a ntm2lat, ( m 2 tea s %4=(5,"s[ a !"et l E7 &7 ( (ere aj t$r t$(ma" "n"+"at$r l " s(4"n%" "r"l$r de (are se 2ln%ea F Oa #4erla, d(atm"nter", ameste( l ma" mar"l$r n(4"s$r"" n reed (are a f$st d"re(t, n (a la C"te*t", nde 8 m"tres( *" Mar"na se m l+ mea s ($ntem2le s(enele de t$rt r 2r"n 5"6et7 A"(", (2"tan l de Se( r"tate #4e$r%4" (a *" $f"+er l 2$l"t"( A5dane", amnd$" d$ $ (r 6"me 2r$5er!"al, *" 2n *" med"( l n(4"s$r"", Br!$s , ar f" l at 2arte la demas(r"7 Trad"+"a a f$st rmat *" d 2 n(4e"erea reed (r"", (nd l$( l l " #4e$r%4" a f$st l at de 5est"t l #$"(" , (are se s2 ne ( de2*ea n fer$("tate *" 2e Mar$met de la R"la5a7
A@
8ar s n ant"("2m7 &r$area are tre2tele e" *" 2e (ea de s s st, "n($ntesta!"l, reed (a33rea7 8e la C"te*t" 2lea( de(" s2re #4erla $ e(4"2 de tre"6e("32atr 6e(" de reed (a+", d"ntre (e" ( $ re2 ta+"e de (r 6"me !"ne sta!"l"t (a O"5"nsH", Mrt"n *, Ca l Cara5"a ( adj n(t l s 8an"" 8 m"treasa, C$2 C$rnel, M$r3res( , M%"res( 7 C$2a Nan , adj n(t l l " N r(an , are d"re(+"a $2era+""l$r7 M"( de stat r, ( $ 2r"5"re !lnd, "ntel"%ent, n 2rea ( lt"5at7 C$2a Nan se d$5ede*te la #4erla n demn rma* al l " N r(an , Ma" m lt (4"ar, se $!"*n "e*te att de !"ne s d$mneas( as 2ra t t r$r, n(t, at n(" (nd, n I.A"7 a t$r"t+"le de("d transf$rmarea n(4"s$r"" C"te*t" n l$( de deten+" ne 2entr (et+en" str"n" *" N r(an s$se*te ( rest l e(4"2e" sale "a #4erla, C$2a Nan n se arat d"s2 s s " st s !$rd$ne6e d"n n$ 7 8e nde $ r"5al"tate (r nta "ntre (ele d$ %r 2 r", e(4"2ele de t$r+"$nar" str:d "nd 3se s a"! n 2almares et ma" m l+" m$r+" *" s(4"n%" "+"7
O " C$2a Nan " se 2 n la d"s2$6"+"e (el lele (ele ma" "6$late, .@, .L, ./, (amera -0-, dar ma" ales (amera .. de la etaj l tre"7 Ma+ de C"te*t", d$ "n$5a+"" snt de semnalat la #4erla7 Ma" nt", reed (area este a2l"3 (at *" $amen"l$r n 5rst7 A2$", a((ent l n ma" este 2 s as 2ra demas(r"" ,"nterne1 *" ,e<terne1 2r"n (are M"n"ster l de Interne $!+"nea n s 2l"ment de an(4et7 Cr"n -.A($m2letarea d$sar l " de5en"se ma" 2 +"n "m2$rtant, "ar n$ a Se( r"tate, de6!rat de ele3
AL
I
m$ntele d"n 5e(4ea 2$l"+"e, *" 2 sese la 2 n(t Gmet$dele, de5en"se ( t$t l 77$2erat"51, " Oa #4erla se 5a t$rt ra de dra% l t$rt r"", W fr a se ma" rmr" n s($2 2ra(t"(7 8 m"tr Ba( , (are a f$st *" (" de+"n t la #4erla, dar d 2 n(4e"erea reed (r"", aj n%e la rmt$area ($n(l 6"e = 77A"(" s3a !t t n ma" de dra% l de a se !ate S3a !t t fr s($27 M n("t$r" *" st den+", ele5", "ntele(t al" sa analfa!e+", a f$st (4"n "+" de3a 5alma, (4"ar (nd n ma" a5ea n"m"( de s2 s, (4"ar (nd s2 seser ma" m lt deet f( ser1 S ale%em d$ar (te5a (a6 r"7 Oa #4erla a f$st ("s n (4"n r" fr nta* l s$("al"st Ml era* As 2ra t$r+"$nar"l$r s" str "e d$ 5ers" n" 8 2 n"", ar f" f$st ("s de R !er"an ) st dent la Ma( ltatea de M"l$6$f"e d"n Cl j7 d 2 G al+"", 2r"ntre (are 87 Ba( , R !er"an n3ar f" f( t de(t s as"ste n t"m2 (e Ml era* era !t t ( sa(" de n"s"2, 2n la m$arte, de O d$5"( ReH, n l d"ntre reed (at$r"" tem +" de la #4erla, f$st se(retar al t"neret l " ($m n"st d"n Ardeal, arestat a2$" (a a%ent al S"% ran+e" O3ar f" (4"n "t 2e Ml era*7 (are a5ea a2r$a2e L0 de an", ntr3$ (el l de la 2arter l n(4"s$r"" #4erla, aj tat de Jente*7 8a( n mele t$r+"$nar l " l " Ml era* este , ($ntr$5ersat7 n s(4"m! n e<"st nd$"al ( O"5"nsH" s3a ,$( 2at1 2ers$nal de A rel"an Can, f$st m"n"str 7ant$nes("an al a%r"( lt r""7 A rel"an Can, (are f sese f$arte %ras, de5en"se a2r$a2e d"str$f"( n n(4"s$are "3" atrna ma" m lte rnd r" de 2"e"7 O"5"nsH" l $!l"%a s se de6!ra(e *"3ntre!a 9 A/ ) S2 ne, m Can, d"n (e3a" f( t t ! r3+"le alea (are atrn F O"5"nsH" sta!"l"se *" rs2 ns l7 A rel"an Can era $!l"%at s s2 n de 6e(e, d$ 6e(", tre"6e(" de $r", (a n a t$mat = ) S tr"+", 8$mn le O"5"nsH", a(este ! r+" (are atrn, le3am f( t d"n s d$area *" sn3%ele 2$2$r l "7 A rel"an Can a m r"t s ! t$rt r"7 Un alt (a6 2e (are3- relatea6 de data a(easta 87 Ba( este a(ela al n " (2"tan nt$rs de 2e fr$nt l r ses( fr n 2"("$r, arestat la Ia*" *" ($ndamnat n -.0/ 2entr a(t"5"tate ant"($m n"st, n (amera .. de la #4erla, nde re6"sta la t$ate t$rt r"le *" n se lsa reed (at, a f$st !t t ( $ ($ad de mt r 2este ("(atr"(e 2n (e s3a redes(4"s rana *" a f$st ne5$"t s (ede6e7 Oa #4erla a f$st t$rt ra+" *" +ran"7 8es2re n l d"ntre e", aflm rmt$arele, t$t de la 87 Ba( =
G,Nran l Ball d"n re%" nea J ned$ara, a f$st +"n t n$2+" ntre%" atrnat de s !+"$r", ( $ ran"+ 2l"n de 2"etre 2e s2ate, ( 2"("$arele la a!"a d$ de%ete de 2ard$seal (a s n 2$at s se s2r"j"ne7 " 2entr ( se 2rea 2$5ara aj" (am m"(, (4"n "t$r"" " se a%+a de s2ate17 8$"3tre" +ran" d"n %r 2 l de 2art"6an" a" l " S2"r Blnar , aresta+" n -.0., n m n+"" Banat l ", a re *"t s se s2n6 re7 8ealtm"n3ter" la #4erla a f$st ma" m l+" m$r+" de(t la ' C"te*t"7 A. ns2re Canal, 2lea( de la C"te*t" d$ !r"%6" >-E *" -0? de reed (a+"3reed (at$r"7 Br"3 %ada -E era ($nd s de B$%dnes( , de la Ma( ltatea de Med"("n d"n Cl j, arestat (a mem!r al ne" $r%an"6a+"" re%al"ste, "ar !r"%ada -0 de En(4es( , l"!era"3ttres("an, de Ia Ma( ltatea de Med"("n B ( re*t"7 T$r+"$nar"" (e" ma" n$t$r"" a" a(est$r d$ !r"%6" a f$st Oa"t"n, fra+"" #rama >d"ntre (are n l 5a sfr*" 2r"n a se s2n6 ra?, C$j$(ar , Cl"mes( , St$"3(es( , O 2a*( , M$rres( 7 E" snt "nstala+" n !ar("le ( a(ela*" ("fr de la C$l$n"a de m n( Cen"ns la, nde n(ear( s se sl jeas( e<a(t de a(elea*" met$de (a la C"te*t" = "e*"nd d"n !ar("9 d 2 st"n%ere, (nd ("r( la+"a era "nter3 6"s *" d (nd 3se s3*" ( lea% 5"(t"ma d"n alte !ar("7 " 2 nea $ 2t r 2e (a2 *"3$ tra n !ar("le l$r7 As 2ra (el$r 2etre( te la Canal, t$ate 5ers" n"le ($n($rd de$are(e se(ret l n3a 2 t t f" 2stra" (a la C"te*t", sa (4"ar la #4erla7 C m 87 Ba( d (ele ma" m lte amn nte as 2ra (a6 l " d$(t$r l " S"m"$nes( , a (r " m$arte n3a f$st str"n ("e n(etarea reed (r"", ne 5$"a nteme"a ma" ales 2e relatarea sa7 Mr nta* a" %enera+"e" na+"$nal"ste de d 2 2r"m l r6!$" m$nd"al, $( 2nd n j I % 3 5ern l #$%a3C 6a d"n -.E/, d$(t$r l S"m"$nes( era ma" ales ( n$s( t 2e 2lan 2r$fes"$nal7 Cr$fes$r de (4"r r%"e *" (4"r r% (ele!r , el "6! t"se s sal5e6e 5"e+" $mene*t" 2n *" n n(4"s$are >de 2"ld, la R"la5a $2erase, sl j"n3N
60
d 3se de n %eam s2art, n fle%m$n ( se2t"(em"e %eneral"6at?7 8$(t$r l S"m"$nes( se 2are ( f sese arestat d"n 2r"("na n$r ($nta(te ( 2ers$nal"t+" ale 2art"d l " +rn"st7 >C le%"$nar"" n3a5ea 7n"m"( de3a fa(e, n( d"n -.B0 f sese, m2re n ( 8n les( , d"ntre (e" rma*" (red"n("$*" l " C 6a, (are n tre( ser de(" ( C$drean ?7 Transferat de la A" d, d 2 n s( rt 2$2as la C$arta3Al!, aj nsese, la A ma" -.A-, la C$l$n"a de m n( Cen"ns la, nde, (a n t$ate l$( r"le de deten+"e 2r"n (are tre( se, strnea adm"ra+"a t t r$r 2r"n f$r+a sa de (ara(ter "e*"t d"n ($m n7 B$%dnes( 5$"a s3- transf$rme n t rnt$r *"3*" ($n(entrea6 t$ate ef$rt r"le as 2ra l "3, n( d"n 2r"ma n$a2te n(e2e reed (area7 A d$ a 6", d$(t$r l S"m"$nes( se 2re6"nt la "nf"rmer"e ( tre" ($aste r 2te *", 2e t$t tr 2 l, rme ne%re *" sn%e n(4e%at7 nj rat d$ l$($tenent l #($r%es( 7 d"re(t$r l la%r l ", (are as"sta la ($ns lta+"e, d$(t$r l S"m"$nes( *" d seama ( n3are n"m"( de s2erat de la a t$r"t+"7 C4"n r"le a ($nt"n at n$a2te d 2 n$a2te n !ara(a -E7 M$r+at t$t de r(ed (at$""" s" s (ear a(as 2a(4ete ( al"mente, el a f$st s"l"t s3* m"nt s$+"a la 5$r!"t$r, s2 nn( 3" ( t$t l mer%e !"ne7 Ca(4et l ( al"mente a f$st des(4"s t$t n !ara(a -E, d"n el nfr 2tnd 3s( reed (at$r"" (are3- 5rser 2e d$(t$r l S"m"$nes( s ! mas *"3- "n5e(t"5a astfel >C"tm d"n 87 Ba( ? = ,,) 8est l a" s 2t s d$area 2$2$r l " m n("t$r, !and"t le7 Cnd t !en(4et "a", m nr"3 t$r"" era m2 *(a+" 2entr ( l 2ta 2entr $
6$
! (at de 2"ne7 N este a*a, m"n"str le F 8e3a( m +"3a 5en"t *" +"e rnd l s s fer" 2entr (a s 2lte*t" 2(atele tale de altdat17 Cnd d$(t$r l a s"m+"t ( aj n%e la (a2t l re6"sten+e" a 4$trt s se s"n ("d7 " s3$ fa( n 56 l t t r$r, ar n(nd 3se n srraa %4"m2at7 A(easta este 5ers" nea d"n (artea I 9 87 Ba( 7 Al+"" s2 n ( B$%dnes( , f r"$s ( n $!+"ne re6 ltate ( reed (area d$(t$r l " S"m"$nes( , *"3a 2"erd t ntr3$ 6" (a2 l *" -3a m2"ns n srma %4"m2at *" ( n ma" at n(" d$(t$r l ar f" str"%at sant"nele" = Tra%e P Cn la rm (ele d$ 5ers" n" n snt ant"n$m"(e, de$are(e, n $r"(e (a6, ("%a* l d$(t$r l " S"m"$nes( este t$r+"$nar l s , f"e ( -3a m2"ns ( mna l ", f"e ( l;a determ"nat s3$ fa( s"n% r7 Era "m2$s"!"l la Canal s se 2stre6e se(ret l ne" astfel de m$r+"7 S$+"a l " a aflat *" a f( t s(andal "a M"n"ster l de Interne7 Se 2are (3ar f" arestat3$ *" 2e ea, dar era t$t *" 2rea tr6" 2entr a n! *" *t"rea, ( att ma" m lt ( (t n 2$st de rad"$ $(("dental >K$(ea Ame3r"("", B7B7C7 sa E r$2a O"!er? ar f" ($nsa(rat $ em"s" ne (r"me" l " B$%dnes( 7 M$artea d$(t$r l " S"m"$nes( ar f" sal5at de(" 6e(" *" 6e(" de 5"e+", de$are(e n 2este m lt reed (area a n(etat7 8ar7 (4"ar fr a(est sa(r"f"(" , e<2er"en+a C"te*t" de5en"se 5 lnera!"l d"n (l"2a ns*" a e<t"nder"" e"7 Se(ret l a!s$l t 2 tea f" 2strat ntr3$ n(4"s$are ($m2let "6$lat, (a a(eea de la C"te*t", ma" 2 +"n la #4erla (are a5ea $ fa!r"(, *" defel ntr3 n l$( des(4"s (a @B Cen"ns la7 8e a $ !ara( la alta, +"2etele 2 tea f" a 6"te7 8e+"n +"" sfr*"ser 2r"n a afla (e se 2etre(ea n !ar("le -E *" -0 *" n"(" n " n ma" 2rsea !ara(a n (are l$( "a d 2 st"n%ere *" n se lsa ademen"t de n"(" n st dent, n 2l s, la Canal se 2 tea, d"n (nd n nd, 2r"m" 5"6"ta fam"l"e"7 C$nta(t l ( (e" de afar ma" era men+"n t *" 2r"n te4n"("en"" l"!er"7 E de(" 2r$!a!"l ( m$artea d$(t$r l " S"m"$nes( n3a f( t de(t s 2re("2"te n 2r$(es (are, n $r"(e (a6, s3ar f" 2etre( t, *" an me f"ltrarea *t"r"l$r des2re reed (are n l mea d"nafar7 M$artea d$(t$r l " S"m"$nes( a dat l$(9 n Cen"ns l, la $ an(4et7 Care e *" ea n $r3 d"nea s ("t a l (r r"l$r d"ntr3 n astfel de re%"m7 M"n"ster l de Interne ) "n"+"at$r l e<2er"en+e" ) (nd 5ede ( ea n 2$ate f" +"n t se(ret, $rd$n $ an(4et s2re a s(2a de rs2 ndere7 8e$(amdat, +a2"" "s2*"t$r" snt ( ta+" d$ar la n"5el l e<e( tan+"l$r de rnd7 C an(4eta a f$st nsr("na+" ($l$ne"" de Se( r"tate C$sm"(" *" Cr(" na*, *" dre2t rmare 5re$ 6e(e d"ntre st den+""3reed (at$r" a f$st transfera+" n alt 2arte7 8e$(amdat n"men" n *t"a nde7 8"re(t$r l ad"m"n"strat"5 #e$r%es( a f$st nl$( "t de n alt d"re(t$r de n(4"s$are, Oa6r, (eea (e n 2r se n 2r"m l m$ment n semn ! n, de$are(e Oa6r f sese ( m2l"t la n(4"s$area d"n M%ra*7 8ar a"(", la Cen"ns l, s3a s(4"m!at $m l sa se s(4"m!aser $rd"nele7 Ma" ( rnd $rd"nele7 Oa6r a de5en"t n alt l, *" 87 Ba( des(r"e n$"le ($nd"+"" "ntr$d se de d = !ar("le -E *" -0 a f$st desf""n+ate, reed 3
03
(al$r"" se( ndar" rs2nd"+", fr 2 ter" s2e("ale, n (ellalte !ar(", n$rmele de l (r a f$st s(6 te, ($nd"+""le de "%"en m! nt+"te7 Oa6r a mers 2n a ref 6a 5a%$ane ( al"mente alterate >m$r($5" *" m rt r"?, de(larnd ( n se 2$ate $!+"ne n"(" n randament de la de+"n +" ( astfel de 4ran7 Cel$r (are se afla la Cen"ns la n a(ea 2er"$ad n le 5enea s3*" (read $(4"l$r, n asemenea d"re(t$r n se ma" 56 se n
adm"n"stra+"a 2en"ten("arel$r7 S ! a(est semn nea*te2tat sVa n(4e"at reed (area la ($l$n"a Cen"ns la7 Keteran"" reed (r"" se afla ns la #4erla7 &r, ntr3$ ! n 6", 2e la m"jl$( l an l " -.AB, $f"+er l 2$l"t"( an n+ ( $ ser"e de de+"n +" rmea6 s3*" fa( !a%ajele7 Ce l"st, ma" mar"" d"n &787C7C7 = N r(an , C$2a Nan , Mrt"n *, O"5"nsH", M$rres( , et(, et(777 S r2r"6a n e 2rea mare, de$are(e reed (at$r"" *" a*te2ta rs2lata7 N r(an le s2 sese ntr3ade5r ( 2art"d l, (are le a2re("a de5$tament l, le 5a fa(e marea ("nste s3" "nte%re6e n (adrele M"n"ster l " de Interne (a $f"+er" de Se( r"tate, *" *" m2r+"ser ntre e" %radele7 N r(an se 5edea ($l$nel, C$2a Nan , l$e$tenent3($l$nel, O"5"nsH", Mrt"n * *" al+"" de tal"a l$r, ma"$r"7 n rma l$r, la #4erla, reed (at$r"" fa( *" ma" m lt 6el 2entr a mer"ta, *" e", a(ela*" tra3 tament de fa5$are7 Ceste 5re$ d$ 3tre" l n", n al d$"lea l$f; n fr nte ( R !er"an, d"s2are @0 de la #4erla7 8 2 a(east a d$ a 2le(are, s$se*te n sfr*"t, 2r$!a!"l 2r"n a % st, $ d"s2$6"+"e (lar 2entr n(etarea reed (r"" ( t$rt r"7 8e+"n +"" snt ndemna+" s3*" e<2r"me, de a( m na"nte, de5$tament l fa+ de 2art"d 2r"n m"jl$a(ele (las"(e ) t rnt$r"e ) *" n l" \ se ma" n%d "e der$%r" de la stat t l l$r de de+"n +"7 N"men" n 5a ma" 2 tea de(" m!la 2r"n n(4"s$are (a la el a(as, !enef"(""nd de a5antajele 2ers$nal l " adm"n"strat"5, ( m $ f( ser *ef"" reed (r""7 8e(" ,fen$men l C"te*t"1 se n(4e"e fr (a n"men" *3*" dea seama7 8emas(a+"" *" demas(at$r"", a(t$r"" *" 5"(t"mele (red ( e 5$r!a d$ar de $ 2a 6 2entr relansarea 2e s(ar *" ma" mare a $2era+"e"7 Transfera+" la B ( re*t", fr nta*"" reGed (at$r" n3a n"(" n fel de 2res"m+"re ]" t$t l, la n(e2 t, 2are s dea dre2tate $2t"m"sm l " l$r7 Snt 2 *" n (el le ( al+" de+"n +", d *" la an(4et d"m"nea+a, ad *", n %eneral, d$ar seara na2$", m"r$Gs"nd a t t n *" re3f 6nd s mnn(e d"n 4rana de+"n +"l$r7 Era de(" !"ne trata+" *" l" se f(ea 2r$m"s" n"le 2e (are le *" a*te2ta 7 C 5$r f" n Se( r"tate7 C (eea (e a f( t e att de e<tra$rd"nar, net tre! "e s sl jeas( dre2t m$del 2entr t$ate (adrele Se( r"t+""7 C e ne5$"e de(" (a e" s des(r"e e<2er"en+a *" met$dele 2r"n (are a d s3$ la (a2t 2n n (ele ma" m"(" amn nte7 Se 2res 2 nea ( N r(an ar f" s(r"s 5re$ d$ m"" de 2a%"n", anal"6nd t$rt r"le "n5en3 tate de el *" f(nd ($ns"dera+"" 2s"4$l$%"(e as 2ra 2 ter"" de re6"sten+ 2e (ate%$r"" de $amen", @A (a *" as 2ra m"jl$a(el$r de a frn%e a(east re6"sten+7 8a( l (r l e ade5rat, dat f""nd "n5ent"5"tatea dem$n"( *" 2r$5er!"al a l " N r(an n mater"e de t$rt r, (a *" de$se!"ta, n"" s2 n (4"ar l ("fer"(a sa "ntel"%en+, at n(" ar4"5ele Se( r"t+"" a 2$sedat $ a d$ a $2er a n " alt mar(4"6 de Sade, ( $ e<2er"en+ "nf"n"t ma" !$%at, ( m n 3" 2 tea $fer" de(t n re%"m t$tal"tar7 &2era a(easta, da( 5a f" e<"stat, a f$st a2r$a2e s"% r d"str s d 2 2r$(es7 8 2 (e *ef"" reed (r"" a s(r"s l n" de 6"le, d 2 (e s3a ad nat tean( r" de d$( mente, "" s3ar f" (er t s3*" d$5edeas( leal"tatea dnd $ de(lara+"e (3a s5r*"t t$t l fr *t"rea a t$r"t+"l$r de 2art"d *" de stat *" (4"ar a a t$r"t+"l$r d"n n(4"s$are7 & de(lara+"e de 2 r f$rm ) s3ar f" ad %at ) 2entr (a6 l (nd l (r r"le s3ar afla (nd5a7 D 8nd 3*", n sfr*"t, seama de ( rsa nt"ns, a ref 6at7 8e5enea e5"dent 2entr e" t$+" ( as mnd 3*" ntrea%a rs2 ndere 5$r f" transf$rma+" n +a2" "s2*"t$r",
n l$( l stat l ", 2art"d l ", se( r"t+"", ale (r$r $rd"ne, transm"se 2r"n N"H$lsH", le e<e( taser, n l$( l adm"n"stra+"e" 2en"ten("are, al d"re(t$r"l$r n(4"s$r"l$r, al $f"+er"l$r 2$l"t"(" (are le f seser ($m2l"("7 G M"e(are d"ntre e" a f$st at n(" "6$lat *" s 2 s (r$r 2res" n", (r$r t$rt r" F In $r"(e (a6, *t""nd la (e tre! "e s se a*te2te, a re6"stat rreme dest l de ndel n%at = 2re%t"rea 2r$(es l " a +"n t (am d$" an"7 8e altm"nter" n t$+" a (edat7 M%"res( *" Cal(" a ref 6at @@ 2n la (a2t s dea de(lara+""le (er te7 87 Ba( se fa(e e($ l 65$n r"l$r d 2 (are Cal(" ar f" re(lamat ( N"H$lsH", ade5rat l 5"n$5at, s f"e ("tat (a mart$r la 2r$(es7 8ar, ada % el, 2e !an(a a( 6r"" ar ma" f" tre! "t s se afle R"an *" Te$4ar" #e$r%es( , f$*t" m"n"*tr" de "nterne, 8r%4"(" *" B$r"l, m"n"*tr" a" Se( r"t+"", 8 l%4er , *ef l Br"%6"l$r m$!"le, T$ller, #$"(" , M"4al(ea, A5dane", #4e$r%4" , 8 m"3tres( , T"r$n, Ar(4"de, #al, %ard"an l C ( , N"H", Mndr +, C"$!an et(, et(777 N 5$r f" 2re6en+" n"(" e", !"nen+eles, dar n"(" (e" (are ar f" r"s(at s le re(lame 2re6en+a, ( m ar f" f$st Cal(" ) (are a f$st j de(at se2arat, (a *" M%"res( de altm"nter"7 8 2 ( m 5$r f" e<(l *" d"n 2r$(es t$+" a( 6a+"" a (r$r f$st a2artenen+ 2$l"t"( ar f" d"str s 2la 6"!"l"tatea te6e" $f"("ale d 2 (are reed 3(at$r"" n era de(t a%en+"" l " J$r"a S"ma7 N snt de(" "m2l"(a+" t$r+"$nar"" n$t$r"" d"n &787C7C7 (a T"t s Oe$n"da >+rn"st?, B$%d3 ( nes( >re%al"st? ) ("%a* l d$(t$r l " S"m"$3nes( , O d$5"( ReH >($m n"st?, En(4es( >l"!eral ttres("an? (are3*" t$rt rase la Canal 2r$2r" l s n(4" 2n (e a(esta s( "2ase sn%e, C$r" #4erman >s$("al"st?, M (4s *" Ste"ner >s"$n"*t"?, 8an 8"a(a ( (ele!ra sa l$5"3 I t r la f"(at7 N snt 2stra+" de(t a(e"a (are, ntr3 n fel sa alt l, a5 seser 5re$ le%t r ( #arda ( de M"er, $r"(t de 5remeln"( 5a f" f$st ea, ( m era (a6 l l " N r(an ns *", (e 2etre( se ma" m lt t"m2 n 2art"d l ($m n"st de(t n Mr+""le de Cr (e7
67
na"nte de a aj n%e la 5ers" nea a!erant a a( 6r"", n e 2r$!a!"l "n t"l s n(er(m n s( rt ) *" des"% r "n($m2let ) "st$r"( al 2$l"t"("" 2art"d l " ($m n"st fa+ de le%"$nar"7 8 2 BE a % st, (nd s3a "nst"t "t n j de+e ($m"s"" (are s alea% 2e le%"$nar"" ma" 2r"me j3d"$*" 2entr a f" tr"m"*" ntr3 n la%r 2r$as2t nf""n+at la Tr% 3R" , n ($m n"*t"" era (e" ma" rad"(al" (" re2re6entan+"" 2art"del$r "st$r"(e7 Cart"d l ($m n"st 5a n(er(a, 2r"n alte m"jl$a(e, $ (a2tare sa $ ne tral"6are a f$r+el$r le%"$nare7 In -.0A snt 2ara* ta+" $ ser"e de le%"$nar" d"n str"ntate, (e" ma" "m2$rtan+" f""nd N"($lae Ctra*( , K"(t$r Ne% les( *" N"st$r C4"$rean 7 Oa s( rt 5reme d 2 a(eea snt aresta+" *" s 2 *" n " *antaj 2$l"t"(7 Oe%t ra l " Ctra*( ( 2art"d l ($m n"st s3a f( t 2r"n K"(t$r Ne% les( , 2r"m l arestat de N"H$lsH"7 Era n 2reajma ale%er"l$r d"n -.0@7 C$m n"*t"" se temea (a le%"$nar"" s n 2art"("2e ( m5a la ale%er" "nte%rnd 3se n 2art"d l na+"$nal3+r3n"st, ma" ales (, 5re n an *" j mtate ma" na"nte, n le%"$nar, fr mandat n a(est sens, dd se $ ("r( lar "n5"tnd 2e (amara6"" s" s se ns(r"e ntr3 n " d"n (ele 2atr 2art"de 2$l"t"(e adm"se 2r"n le%e = +rn"st, l"!eral, s$("al"st sa ($m n"st, *" de6le%nd 3", n a(est s($2, de j rm:nt l dat7 Ana Ca Her f( se (4"ar nele a5ans r" le%"$nar"l$r, af"rmnd ( n"" d"atre (e" (e aj nseser 2e (" %re*"te 2$rn"ser des"% r ( ! ne "nten+"", nem l+ m"rea l$r s$("al
68
f""nd real *" j st"f"(at7 Ea "n5$(ase (4"ar te6a mar<"st a false" ($n*t""n+e, dnd
e<em2l 2e m n("t$r"" (are de5en"ser s s+"nt$r" a" 2$l"t"("" !"smareH"ene (nd ar f" tre! "t, n f$nd, s se alt re 2art"d l " s$("al3dem$(rat %erman d"n a(ea e2$(7 Tratat"5ele 2entr n fel de 2a(t de nea%res" ne a f$st d se, 2entr ($m n"*t", de N"3 H$lsH", Te$4ar" #e$r%es( *" Ana Ca Her, "ar 2entr le%"$nar" de Ctra*( , K"(t$r Ne% les( , N"st$r C4"$rean 7 C$nf$rm a(est " 2a(t, le%"$nar"" se an%aja s n 2art"("2e s ! n"(" $ f$rm la ale%er", ne3dnd ($n( rs l l$r 2art"del$r +rn"st *" l"!eral 9 s se a t$d"6$l5e (a $r%an"6a+"e 2$l"t"( 9 s ren n+e la $r"(e f$rm de a%"ta+"e ant"sem"t 9 s dea de2l"n l"!ertate mem!r"l$r #r6"" de M"er de a se ns(r"e n 2art"d l ($m n"st7 In s(4"m!, ($m n"*t"" 2r$m"tea s el"!ere6e 2e t$+" le%"$nar"" d"n la%r l de la Tr% 3R" , (a *" 2e (e" ($ndamna+" de Ant$nes( d 2 re!el" ne *" (are ma" era n( n n(4"s$r"9 s n areste6e 2e (e" 5en"+" d"n #erman"a, ( ($nd"+"a (a e" s se 2re6"nte, la s$s"rea n +ar, $r%anel$r de 2$l"+"e7 n a2l"(area 2a(t l ", f"e(are a n(er(at de fa2t s tr"*e6e7 Centr le%"$nar", Ctra*( a dat $ ("r( lar de d"6$l5are, e dre2t, dar 2este tre" l n" a ($ntramand;t3$ 2r"ntr3$ alt ("r( lar, (landest"n, de re$r%an"6are7 Rad M"3r$n$5"(", nteme"et$r al m"*(r"" le%"$nare, ref 6ase s re( n$as( le%"t"m"tatea 2a(t l "7 Ct des2re ($m n"*t", e" a d"6$l5at la%r l de la @. Tr% 3R" dar n3a el"!erat 2e de+"n +"" ($ndamna+" de Ant$nes( 7 ntre t"m2, $m l de le%t r al le%"$nar"l$r, (are se nt:lnea, d"n (nd n (nd, ( N"H$"sH" la Interne, era K"(t$r Ne% les( 7 n n$a2tea de -A ma" -.0/, (are ) m2re n ( n$a2tea de -A a % st -.AB ) f"% rea6 2r"ntre (ele ma" a(t"5e d"n "st$r"a 2$l"+"e" se(rete ($m n"ste, snt 1aresta+" ma" ales le%"$nar"", 2r"m l f""nd (4"ar K"(t$r Ne% les( , de (tre N"H$"sH" n 2ers$an *" n !"r$ l l " de la M"n"ster l de Interne7 D &r, n sta!"l"rea a(t l " de a( 6are de la 2r$(es l reed (at$r"l$r, d 2 (are ($manda3 ment l le%"$nar ar f" f$st le%at de e<2er"en+a de la C"te*t", s3a 2le(at de la n s"n% r fa2t real7 Un l d"ntre reed (at$r, N +" Ctr*3(an a stat la R"la5a n a(eea*" (amer t$(ma" ( K"(t$r Ne% les( *" -3a ntre!at (e tre! "e s fa( t"ner"" le%"$nar" n 2ers2e(t"5a (: 5$r f" t$rt ra+"7 S (ede6e $are( m, s se reed (e F K"(t$r Ne% les( ar f" rs2 ns a2r$a2e te<t al = ) N se 2$ate s2 ne de3a( m (e s fa(e+"7 Kede+" *" 5$" (e se 5a ntrn2la *" da(3$ s f"e (4"ar a*a, s 5 $m$are, n3$ s 5 2 ne+" n"(" I5$" de)a craca >a(easta se 2are (3a f$st e<2res"a e<a(t?, ad"( n 5 lsa+" ("*", fa(e+" m"(" ($m2r$m"s r"7 n (e3- 2r"5e*te 2e K"(t$r Ne% les( , (e" (are l3a ( n$s( t l: A" d s2 n ( n3a f( t n"(" (el ma" m"( ($m2r$m"s7 Mr nd$"al, n 3*" s"m+ea ns dre2t l de a ndemna n"*te
70
t"ner" s nd re (4"n r"le n n mele ne" "ntrans"%en+e 2e (are *"3$ "m2 nea s"e*"7 K"(t$r Ne% les( a f$st ad s mart$r la 2r$(es *" (nd " s3a am"nt"t 5$r!ele l ", *" e<3 2res"a ,n 5 2 ne+" de3a (ra(a1, arta, s2 n (e" 2re6en+", (a 2"(at d"n l n, nen+ele%nd del$( ( m se 2$ate fa(e $ asemenea ns(enare7 8 2 a(eea a f$st read s la A" d, nde a *" m r"t, era %ra5 !$lna5 de t !er( l$67 M sese ($n5$(at d$ar n (al"tate de mart$r, 2entr ( n s3a 2 t t strn%e elementele ne(esare 2entr "m2l"(area sa n 2r$(es7
Astfel se l m"nea6 ma" 2re("s 5ers" nea a( 6r""7 Cr"n -.0., J$r"a S"ma ar f" transm"s l " N r(an $rd"n l s "ntr$d ( n n(4"s$r" $ a(+" ne de ter$are, "ar la R"la5a $rd"n l l " ar f" f$st renn$"t de K"(t$r Ne% les( , (are "3ar f" s2 s l " N +" Ctr*(an s fa( t$t 2$s"!"l l s2re a ($m2r$m"te n n(4"s$r" 2art"d l *" % 5ern l 2r"n a(+" n" 5"$lente7 Cr$f"tnd de l"2sa de 5"%"len+, des"% r re%reta!"l, a n$r $r%ane ale n(4"s$r"" C"te*t", a(e*t" le%"$nar" a "n"+"at n n(4"s$are $ ser"e de a(+" n" de t$rt r7 >N se 2$mene*te, !"nen+eles, G n"m"( des2re &r%an"6a+"a de+"n +"l$r ( ($n35"n%er" ($m n"ste, &787C7C7?7 Cart"d l, at n(" (nd demas( a(este nelt"r" (r"m"nale, d 2e m"na j st"+"e" 2e res2$nsa!"l"" a(+" n"" fas("ste77F Kers" nea este att de a!s rd n(t n " se a($rd 2 !l"("tatea 2re56 t "n"+"al 9 2r$(es l are l$( n mare se(ret *" n"(" n n(4"s$r" 2re3
7%
l (rarea n e d s ( 2rea mare ($n5"n%ere7 S3ar 2 tea (a 2r"ma 5ers" ne la (are se %nd"3ser d 2 ("t se 2are a t$r"t+"le, *" an me de a 2 ne n le%t r ,fen$men l C"te*t"1 ( Ana Ca Her 7*" Kas"le O (a, s f" a5 t ma" m lte *anse de 5er$s"m"l"tate7 In $r"(e (a67 reed (a3t$r"", n fr nte ( N r(an , f seser ad *" s2re an(4etare la B ( re*t", (am n a(ela*" m$ment (nd a (6 t Ana Ca Her, Te$4ar" #e$r%es( *" Kas"le O (a7 N se *t"e da( "deea a e<"stat ( ade5rat, d 2 ( m n se *t"e de (e a f$st a!and$nat n fa5$area ne" ns(enr" att de "l$%"(e7 Ade5ra+"" "n"+"at$r" 5$r f" de(" a!sen+" la a(est 2r$(es, 2entr (a, n n"(" n fel, n"(" m(ar 2r"n *ef"" s" re2 d"a+", 2art"d l s n f"e "m2l"(at7 n !$<a a( 6a+"l$r se 5$r afla d$ (ate%$r"" de +a2" "s2*"t$r" = 5"n$5a+""3"nte%ral", ad"( (e" (are a n(e2 t, s ! $rd"nele l " N r(an 7 s t$rt re6e, fr a f" f$st n 2reala!"l t$rt ra+" e" n*"*" >C$2a Nan , O"5"nsH" et(?, *" 5"n$5a+""3ne5"n$5a+", (l""3 5"(t"me, s(4"n%" "3+""3s(4"n%" "t$r", (e" (are a f$st reed (a+" na"nte de a de5en", la rnd l l$r, reed (a t$r ", & (ate%$r"e 2e (are T4"errX Ma ln"er n3$ ( n$*tea at n(" (nd s(r"a, d 2 2r$(es l M"nds6entX, n ,Oa Ma(e de med se d ($m3m n"sme1 = ,n fa+a n " tr"! nal de dem$(ra+"e 2$2 lar, n"men" n ma" 2$ate f" s"% r de a f" Ant"%$na, de$are(e Ant"%$na ns*", da(3ar a2rea a6" n fa+a n " tr"! nal d"ntr3$ dem$3 (ra+"e 2$2 lar, ar s2 ne fr nd$"al= ) Eram 2lt"t17 C"ne ar f" 2 t t ( ade5rat 2re5edea ( 5a f" 2ar( rs $ n$ eta2 a de%radr"" a( 3 6at l " *" (, $ dat ( ,fen$men l C"te*t"1, Ant"%$na n n ma" ( n 3*" 5a 2 tea 2r$(lama "n$(en+a, n n ma" ( 5a f" de6$n$rat, dar, d"n 5"(t"m, 5a f" transf$rmat, la rnd l e", n (l F n fa+a n " M"nds6entX,7 a($2er"n3d 3se s"n% r de "nfam"e, a(ela*" T4"errX Ma ln"er e<(lama = ,S ne re( le%em n fa+a a(est " (ada5r , (ada5r l ($n*t""n+e" 6dr$!"te P1 8ar n d"str %erea $m l " s3a mers *" ma" de2arte = 5"(t"me" n n ma" ( " se ref 6 mart"r" l, ea 2$ate f" s"l"t s mart"r"6e6e la rnd l e"7 Ce ("ne s ma" j de(", ntr3$ asemenea e<trem"tate *" ( m F Tr"! nal l m"l"tar d"n 2r$(es l C"te*t" n *"3a 2 s astfel de ntre!r"7 8e altm"nter", n 2entr a3*" 2 ne 5re$ ntre!are era re n"t, (" 2entr a ($ndamna 2e (e" desemna+" de 2art"d7 " "3a ($ndamnat7 Oa m$arte7 8e e<e( +"a 2ede2se" a s(2at, 2r"ntr3 n n$r$( $r!, d$" ($ndamna+" = C$2a Ale<andr , 6"s C$2a Nan , (are era 2n ma" an"" tre( +" ) *" 2$ate ma" e n( ) se(retar al s$("et+"" de *t""n+e med"(ale d"n S"!" , *" n
t$r+"$nar n de 5$(a+"e, (a 2r"m l, (" de rnd, d"ntre (e" t$rt ra+" ma" na"nte de e" n*"*", K$"nea7 Amnd$" n3a 2 t t f" e<e( ta+" "med"at, rmnd s f"e an(4eta+" n le%t r ( n n$ l$t s$s"t n n(4"s$r"7 Cn, s3a term"nat an(4eta, a m r"t Stal"n, a "nter5en"t dest"nderea, 2ede2sele ( m$artea a f$st ($m tate n m n( s"ln"( 2e
73
5"a+ *", n sfr*"t, s3a 2r$d s amn"st"a %ene3* \ral d"n -./07 7 Ma" tre! "e s am"nt"m ( 2r$(es l (are a n(e2 t n l na $(t$m!r"e -.A0 >sent"n+a n3a f$st dat 2n n de(em!r"e?, a5ea dre2t 2re*ed"nte de j de(at 2e a(ela*" Ale<andr Cetres( de s"n"str mem$r"e, (are s3a sal5at de la e2 rare ($ndamnnd 3- 2e I l" Man" , *" (are ar7f" r$st"t, n afara 6e("l$r *" 6e("l$r de ($ndamnr" la m$arte, s te de m"" de an" de n(4"s$are, da+", ne s2 ne 87 Ba( , n ma" n 2r$(esele le%"$nare7 Un s2e("al"st, de("7 Un s"n% r "n( l2at ar f" f$st des"% r ($ndamnat de $r"(e tr"! nal d"n l me= N r(an 7 ntre KerH$5ensH" d"n ,C$seda+""1 *" n mar(4"6 de Sade (are *"3ar f" s(r"s $2era n 2e 4rt"e (" 2e tr 2 r" $mene*t", f"l d 2 f"l, tr 2 d 2 tr 2, N r(an re2re6enta, des"% r, n (a6 s2e("f"( de 2at$l$%"e m"ntal7 8ar n ma" ntr3 n astfel de re%"m sad"sm l 2 tea f" 2 s n sl j!a ne" a*a36"se j st"+"", "ar 2at$l$%"a "nd"5"d al, transf$rmat n 2at$l$%"e ($le(t"5, de 2art"d *" de stat7 Ce" (are a trem rat, a %em t, a rlat *" s3a rene%at s ! l$5"t r"le l " N r(an *" ad ( fr nd$"al am"nte de $ s(en d"n 6" a de Cr(" n -.0., "n n(4"s$area de la C"te*t", la (te5a s2tmn" de la n(e2 t l reed (r""7 n (amera 0 S2"tal, 2l"n, de d"m"nea+a 2n seara, de +"2etele (el$r t$rt ra+", d$mne*te $ l"n"*te ne$!"*n "t7 8e 5re$ d$ $re, N r(an st la fereastr, 2r"5"nd ( m n"n%e7 M"e(are *" +"ne rs flarea7 K"(t"mele l " N r(an ar tre! " s f"e (t de ("t m l+ m"te = $r"(e (l"2
74
n (are el este a!s$r!"t de n"ns$area de afar9 este $ (l"2 (*t"%at as 2ra (4"n l ", d rer"", fr"(""7 " t$+" d$rea (a a(east "m"t$are, m t ($ntem2lare s se 2rel n%eas(7 8ar, n a(ela*" t"m2, a*te2tarea de5enea "nt$lera!"l, am2l"f"(nd 2ar( n "ma%"na+"e t$rt r"le (e a5ea s 5"n7 A(este d$ $re, n (are N r(an a stat "m$!"l la fereastr, a a2r t t t r$r (el$r (e se afla at n(" n (amera 0 S2"tal, "nterm"na!"le7 " de$dat, "e*"nd d"n a(east 5"sare (e n 3" sta n f"re, d"n a(east stare n (are n"men" n3a5ea s3- ma" s r2r"nd 5re$dat, N r(an s3a nt$rs s2re de+"n +" *" a e<(lamat = ,) Band"+"l$r, d"n (a 6a 5$astr n 2$t f" e a6", de Cr(" n, ( ne5ast *" ( fet"+a77717 Ce ne5ast $ (4ema &ltea, 2e fet"+, la fel7 " N r(an , f"$r$s l N r(an , sad"( l N r(an , t$r+"$nar l N r(an , 2entr (are semen l n 2rea a f" de(t n teren de e<2er"en+e s2re a determ"na 2ra% r"le de re6"sten+ ntre 5"a+ *" m$arte ale ($r2 l ", 2ra% r"le ntre f""n+ *" nef""n+ ale s flet l ", N r(an era ) se 2are ) (el ma" d "$s tat de 2e l me, Snt t"ran" (are n 2$t 5edea ("%nd 3se $ m s(, (l" e<trem de sens"!"l"7 J"tler n s 2$rta 5ederea sn%el ", "ar n"" ($mandan+" de la%r na6"*t", d 2 (e tr"m"tea 2e de+"n +" la %a6are sa " n%r$2a de 5"", se nt$r(ea n !ara(a l$r *" (nta M$6art7 Cea ma" mare 2arte d"ntre (l" *" t"ran" snt s$+" e<em2lar" *" 2r"n+" " !"t$r"7 Alt r" de e", de(", alt r" de ($mandan+"", an(4etat$r"", s(4"n%" "t$r"" Ar4"2ela% l " # la% des(r"*" de S$ljen"+n, tre! "e 2 s, 2e a(eea*" l"st a a!je(+"e" *" dem$3
7#
n"e", *" N r(an 7 Mr a "ta ns $ (l"2 ( n3a f$st de(t n e<e( tant, *" (, de fa2t, $ dat ( ($ndamnarea l ", 2r$(es l ,fen$men l " C"te*t"1 n s3a n(4e"at7 8e fa2t, ade5rat l 2r$(es al reed (r"" de la C"te*t" n3a a5 t n( l$( *" n 5a a5ea atta 5reme
(t n 5a 2 tea f" "m2l"(at rs2 nderea 2art"d l " ($m n"st r$m:n, (t n 5a f" (4emat la !ara a( 6r"" ade5rat l 5"n$5at = re%"m l ($m n"st d"n R$m:n"a7 n Ar4"2ela% l # la%, d"n ste2ele r se*t" 2n n (entr l E r$2e", 2este t$t nde s3a nt"ns "m2er" l s$5"et"(, arsenal l (r 6"m"" s3a de65$ltat (a ntr3 n med" nat ral7 Ceste t$t a e<"stat (l" sad"(", t$rt r" de nen(4"2 "t, false mrt r"s"r", t$t att de false 2r$(ese, ("dere s"stemat"( 2r"n t$t fel l de met$de, de "a "nan"+"e la s(4"n%" "r"7 8ar n"("er" n re%s"m esen+a ,fen$men l " C"te*t"1 (are ($nst n transf$rmarea s"stemat"( a 5"(t"me" n (l *" de6a%re%area e" 2s"4"( 2r"n s(4"n%" "rea de+"n +"l$r de7 (tre al+" de+"n +"7 Tre! "e s ne m tm n alt ($nt"nent 2entr a da, n C4"na ($m n"st, 2este a(ela*" 2r"n("2" , (4"ar da( met$dele de a2l"(are era aten ate7 S3a 5$r!"t dest l de m lt des2re ,s2larea (re"er"l$r1, $2era+"e s2e("f"( (4"ne6, ma" ales d 2 r6!$" l d"n C$reea7 8ar, 2n n "2#&6 real"tatea pe care o a@c-ndea acea@t< /,r -lC rmsese dest l [Ee ($nf 6a7 n ^.M ns : a2r t, n 5re$ 6e(e l"m!", mrt r"a n " 2re$t (at$l"( !el%"an, 8r"es Kan C$"ll"e, ,S"n ("derea f ent 6"ast1, s(r"s n l"m!a flamand *" "nt"t 3 * lat n trad (erea fran(e6 ,RGa" s !" le la5a%e d (er5ea 17 Cre$t l 8r"es Kan C$"ll"e, ns( t n -.-B, n Bel%"a, f sese n m"t n -.E/ 2r$fes$r la n sem"nar d"n C4"na7 n t"m2 l r6!$" l " f sese +"n t de ja2$ne6" ntr3 n la%r de ($n(entrare, ntre -.0E *" -.0A7 Arestat n -.A-, la CeH"n, a s fer"t ,s2larea (re"er"l$r1 t"m2 de E0 de l n", na"nte de a f" el"!erat *" e<2 l6at n -.A0, ( 2r"lej l ($nfer"n+e" de la #ene5a7 S=nte $!l"%a+" s ne $( 2m de mrt r"a sa de$are(e ($m2ara+"a ( e<2er"en+a de la C"te*t" se "m2 ne de la s"ne, ( t$ate ( n 2 tem ded (e ( (ele d$ fen$mene, de*" ($n($m"tente, ar f" a5 t 5re$ rela+"e ntre ele7 S n "tm ( a2arat l re2res"5 d"n R$m:n"a de2"ndea d"re(t de M$s($5a >2re6en+a l " N"3H$lsH", n fr ntea l ", $ atest ndeaj ns? *" ( n CeH"n l d"(ta la n$" n a(est d$men" 7 n $r"(e (a6, an m"te 2 n(te de "nterferen+ snt 2rea t l! rt$are 2entr a n le am"nt" a"("7 n 2refa+a (r+"" l " Kan C$"ll"e, #a!r"el Mar(el, (are a s(r"s n st d" as 2ra ,te4n"("l$r de nj$s"re1 2ra(t"(ate de ($m n"*t" n n(4"s$r"le l$r, se de(lar "6!"t ma" ales de rmt$r l 2asaj d"n mrt r"a 2re$t l " !el%"an = ,8 2 el"!erarea sa, a t$r l a(este" l (rr" ntlne*te ntr3$ 6" 2e 2r"ntele Ulr"(4 Oe!r n (are a a5 t nefer"("rea s f"e n(4"s, rnd 2e rnd, n la%r l de la B (4en'ald *" n n(4"s$r"le de la CeH"n7 8r"es Kan C$"ll"e l n3
77
trea! = ) Unde a+" s fer"t (el ma" m lt F Oa B (4en'ald sa la CeH"n F Rs2 ns l este (lar = ) Crefer 6e(e an" de B (4en'ald n " s"n% r an de CeH"n7 " e<2l"(a+"a n ntr6"e7 Oa B (4en'ald, d 2 s fer"n+ele nd rate d"n 2artea (l"l$r, 2r"6$n"er l se re%sea n (alda *" 5"r"la 2r"eten"e a (el$rlal+" 2r"6$n"er"7 Ce (nd la CeH"n, fra+"" s" de s fer"n+ era a(e"a (are l rmrea ( ra *" ata( r"le l$r17 8e la n(e2 t, de(", n n m"t$r ($m n al (el$r d$ e<2er"en+e,3de la C"te*t" *" de la CeH"n7 Centr a 5edea 2 nerea l " n a2l"(are, s 2tr ndem ( Kan C$"ll"e n (el la ne" n(4"s$r" d"n CeH"n, nde este 2redat de %ard"an *ef l " de (el l, (are dd se attea d$5e6" de 2$("n+, 2r$%resase ntr3att n d$(tr"na ($m n"st n(t a t$r"t+"le n(4"s$r"" l ($ns"dera dre2t n ,element 2$6"t"51, n ,2r$%res"st17 N n ma" (3*" re( n$s( se t$ate (r"mele, dar f$r+a *" 2e (amara6"" s" de (el l s se dema*te7 Alt
termen 2e (are3- *t"m de la C"te*t"7 n (e 2r"5e*te reeducarea n st"l (4"ne6, "at (e " se s2 ne n " 2r"6$n"er la an(4et = ,N"men" n 2$ate "e*" d"n n(4"s$are fr a de5en" ($m n"st s t la s t7 Tre! "e de(" s te s(4"m!"7 S ren n+" la ($n5"n%er"le *" m$ra5 r"le rea(+"$nare7 8ar n e de aj ns s 2r$m"+", n3a5em ne5$"e de 5$r!e, (" de fa2te7 "At n(" (nd 5e" *t" s3+" re( n$*t" (r"mele, end 5e" n5+a s3" a( 6" 2e (e"lal+", (4"ar *" 2e 2r"eten"" t" (e" ma" ! n", (nd 5e" s2"$na n m$d ef"(a(e 2e t$5ar*"" de (el l *"3" 5e" s( "2a n fa+ 2e d *man"" 2$2$r l ", (nd 78 5e" 2art"("2a ( 5esel"e la s2larea (re"er"l$r, (nd +" 5e" sinucide cu entuziasm personalita)( tea (...), at n(" *" n ma" at n(" 5$m a5ea d$5ada ( fa(" 2arte "nte%rant d"n 2$2$rG7 & e<2res"e tre! "e ma" ales re+"n t = sinuciderea personalit ii. Kan C$"ll"e re5"ne, n3 tr3 n alt 2asaj, as 2ra e" = ,ntr3$ n(eat s"n ("dere a 2ers$nal"t+"", n(e2" s semen" ( (e"lal+", s %nde*t" (a e"7 Te 2"er6" n mas17 Centr a se $!+"ne n astfel de re6 ltat, a t$r"t+"le f"<ea6 (te5a re% l" str"(te, (are tre! "e res2e(tate de de+"n +", f"e(are a!atere f""nd as2r 2ede2s"t7 Ele snt men"te s (ree6e $ ($nt"n an"m$6"tate ntre de+"n +"7 S ("tm d"n a(est de(al$% al den n+ l " s"stemat"6at = ,N3a" 5$"e s la*" s se %4"(eas( 5re$ 2refer"n+ 2entr 5re n de+"n t sa alt l7 N tre3 ! "e s adrese6" n"("$dat, n"mn ", n s rs am"(al7 N3a" 5$"e s 5$r!e*t" n *$a2t ( n"men", (" n ma" ( 5$(e tare *" at n(" n des2re l (r r" 2ers$nale, n des2re tre( t l t , *" ma" ales n des2re 2lan r"le de 5""t$r7 S"n% r l s !"e(t adm"s este D f$rma+"a mar<"st7 N tre! "e s m2r m +" n"(" n $!"e(t = s2 n, 4rt"e, (re"$n, n"(" s 2r"me*t" (e5a de la n alt de+"n t7 N tre! "e s "e" n"("$dat a2rarea n " ($3de+"n t7 8"m2$tr"5, e*t" $!l"%at s3- (r"t"(", s3- ata(", s3- a($2er" ( "nj r""17 Este (eea (e n jar%$n l ($m n"st (4"ne6 se n me*te a a*uta. Un de+"n t ,aj t1 2e n L. alt l, ata(nd 3-, la ne5$"e !tnd 3-, t$tdea na den n+nd 3- = ,&r"(e, n at"t d"nea, n ( 5"ntele, n %est r"le, n 2r"5"rea, n fel l de a mn(a, de a m!la, de a d$rm" al n " 2r"6$n"er, n este ( t$t l ($nf$Tm fel l " de a se 2 rta al n " ! n ($m n"st, $r"(e +" se 2are rea(+"$nar, tre! "e "med"at den n+at7 A(ela (are n3$ fa(e este ($ns"derat ma" 5"n$5at de(t 5"n$5at l ns *" *" 2ede2s"t (a atare17 8ar n tre! "e s3" ,7aj +"1 d$ar 2e (e"lal+", (" *" 2e t"ne ns +" = ,n $r"(e (l"2, tre! "e s f"" %ata a mrt r"s" t$t (e3+" tre(e 2r"n (a2 = sent"mentele (ele ma" "nt"me, %re*el"le tre( t l ", rm*"+ele rea(+"$nare ale 2re6ent l "7 S n trea( $ 6" fr s mrt r"se*t" $ n$ (r"m *" s n da" 0 n$ d$5ad de 2$("n+17 " Kan C$"ll"e ($mentea61= ,9S2larea (re"er"l$r a5ea te4n"(a e"7 >777? M"e(are 2r"6$n"er 2r"m"se ($nsemn l de a s2 ne ($ntrar" l a (eea (e %ndea7 8"n (e n ee ma" des 2n se ($n5"n%e s"n% r7 A7stfel se s5r*e*te s"n ("derea m$ral17 Te4n"(a s2lr"" (re"er"l$r este asemnt$are (ele" de la C"te*t", dar ($ns"dera!"l ate3 n at7 Cnd de+"n t l se nt$ar(e de la an(4et, n lan+ r", 2entr ( a ref 6at s re( n$as( (r"me "ma%"nare, *ef l (el le" " $rd$n s:Tstea t$at n$a2tea n 2"("$are, s ! s 2ra5e%4erea n " alt de+"n t7 8a( n3a (edat, a d$ a 6" d"m"nea+ de+"n +"" l
n($nj$ar *", la $rd"nele *ef l ", n(e2 s3- a($2ere ( "nj r"", s3- s( "2e, s:3- !at7 8a(, 2r"ntre de+"ne+", 5re3
80
n l n 2 ne dest l s flet n t$ate a(este a(+" n", at n(" *ef l l tre(e *" 2e el 2e l"sta s s2e(+"l$r, n a(est t"m2, de+"n t l (are tre! "e ,aj tat1, *" (are are m"n"le n lan+ r" mnn(, t$t (a la C"te*t", l"n%nd ( l"m!a7 Este (4"ar amen"n+at ( " se 5$r da de mn(at e<(remente7 Este $!l"%at s stea 2e 5"ne, ntr3$ 2$6"+"e n (are lan+ r"le de la 2"("$are " "ntr n (arne7 T$rt ra e<"st de(", n ns nentrer 2t (a la C"te*t", n (a n s($2 n s"ne7 Cnd de+"3 n t l (edea6 *" mrt r"se*te (e " se (ere, t$rt ra n(etea6, " se s($t lan+ r"le, 2$ate d$rm", W 2$ate 2r"m" 5"6"te *" 4ran d"n afar, 2$ate studia... Cnd 2res" n"le f"6"(e n(etea6, reed (area ($nt"n 2r"ntr3 n studiu de n %en a2arte7 N e 5$r!a n ma" de ($mentar""le *" d"s( +""le as 2ra n$r art"($le de 6"ar sa as 2ra te<tel$r mar<"ste, (" de st d"erea 2r$2r" l " t (a6, de mrt r"s"r"le 2e (are tre! "e s ($nt"n " a le fa(e, de (r"mele 2e (are e*t" ne5$"t s le "n5ente6" ma" de2arte, n ($nfes" n" 2 !l"(e *" ,aj tat1 de ($3de+"n +"7 Se $r%an"6ea6 (4"ar *" ,(am2an"" de ntre(ere17 8e 2"ld, $ (am2an"e a mrt r"s"r"l$r, 2entr a 5edea (are e(4"2 5a a5ea ma" m lte (r"me de mrt r"s"t = ,M"e(are 2r"6$n"er n(er(a s3" de2*eas( 2e (e"lal+"7 8"fer"te ta(t"(" era t"l"6ate 9 2 3 tea", f"e s 2stre6" n re6er5 mrt r"s"r"le (ele ma" fr m$ase 2entr *ed"n+a rmt$are, f"e s lanse6" t$t l de$dat, 2enr (a am2l$area mrt r"s"r"" s te ad ( n 2r"m 2lan7 Ce" d$" *ef" de (el l n$ta ( fe!r"l"tate f"e(are SI amn nt al a(este" n$" an(4ete = 2art"("2are la $r%an"6a+"" de s2"$naj, 2r$2a%are de *t"r" false, f rt r" de arme, 5"$l r", sa!$taje 2e ("le ferate et(, et(7 >777? A(e"a d"ntre n$" (are a re *"t s "n5ente6e (ele ma" m lte (r"me a f$st a*e6a+" de $ 2arte a estrade", l$( l " " s3a s2 s ,m ntele1, de$are(e a(e" (are se afla a($l$ " d$m"na ) n 3" a*a F ) 2e (e"lal+"7 Ce" de 2e m nte 5$("fera 2entr a ne =nde na s3" rmm, se s"m+ea att de !"ne 2e a(este ( lm" de nde l" se 2rea ( ntre5d l"!ertatea7 Ken"+", ) ne str"%a e", ) r(a+" "s ! s$arele 2re*ed"ntel " Ma$ P N$" 5 des(4"3 Rdem !ra+ele P1 R$( l ( m ntele ren(e2ea n f"e(are 6"7 Mrt r"s"r"le era 2redate j de(t$r l " *" 2 se n d$sar l "n( l2at l "7 Iar a(esta n ma" *t"a (e s "n5ente6e 2entr a rmne 2e nl+"m", 2entr a n (dea n 5ale = ,,Un 2r"6$n"er d"n (el la -/ s3a 2r! *"t 2ln%nd *" a n(e2 t s3*" a( 6e tatl de (ele ma" n%r$6"t$are (r"me7 El a de5en"t astfel er$ l 6"le"7 A 2rs"t 5alea 2entr a r(a 2e m nte, a f$st a(lamat, dar a ($nt"n at s 2ln%17 " Kan C$ll"e re5"ne la ,s"n ("derea 2ers$nal"t+""1 = ,Se 2$ate, $are, "n5enta $ met$d ma" 2 st""t$are 2entr 2ers$nal"tate F Sfr*eam 2r"n a n ma" f"7 n stare s d"st"n%em (e era ade5rat de (eea (e era "n5entat, ade5r l de m"n(" n7 Un"" ma" 5 lnera!"l", n(e2 ser s !at (m32"", n 3*" ma" %sea ( 5"ntele7 Cert r!area m"ntal se a((ent a n f"e(are 6", Une$r", (e"
82
(are se s2$5edea ( att ent 6"asm "6! (nea n 2lns7 Cln%ea d"n 2r"("na rn"" (are se t$t adn(ea n e"7 A(este la(r"m" ne at"n%ea 2e t$+", de$are(e ( t$+"" eram rn"+"17 j" s2atele a(est$r (am2an"", a ($nfes" n"l$r 2 !l"(e, a *ed"n+el$r de st d" , se afl, at$tst2n"t$are, m!ra (ar(er"", a t$rt r"", a !t"" (are nter5enea la (ea ma" m"(
e6"tare7 8ar, la n(e2 t l l " -.AB, s$se*te $rd"n l (a de+"n +"" s n ma" re( r% la m"jl$a(e de 2res" ne f"6"( m2$tr"5a alt$r de+"n +"7 ,,8e a( m na"nte era "nter6"s 2r"6$n"er"l$r, s ! amen"n+are de7 san(+" n", s se ma" sl 3 jeas( de m"jl$a(e de ($nstrn%ere m2$tr"5a ($le%"l$r l$r7 A t$r"t+"le *" re6er5a dre2t l e<(l s"5 de a t$rt ra7 A5eam s afl ma" tr36" ( d$" fa(t$r" m$t"5aser a(east ref$rm7 Ma" nt", $ "nter5en+"e d"2l$mat"( a am!asadel$r str"ne 2e ln% C" 3En3Oa", d 2 5"6"ta n C4"na a dele%a+"e" "nd"ene ($nd s de s$ra l " Ne4r 9 a2$", l 2ta d s n naltele sfere m2$tr"5a (el$r tre" mar" 2(ate d"n adm"n"stra+"e *" 2art"d= !"r$(ra+"a, e$mand"sm l > 6 l 5"$len+e" s"stemat"(e *" ($nstrn%er"" $ar!e fa+ de mase?, 5"$larea le%"l$r *" a d"s("2l"ne"17 E5"dent, ($"n("den+ele de date snt t l! rt$are = la n(e2 t l l " -.AB, reed (area ( t$rt r" n(etea6 n C4"na 9 2e la m"jl$( l a(el "a*" an, n n(4"s$area de la #4erla, nde se afl reed (at$r"" 5en"+" de la C"te*t", s$se*te n $rd"n asemnt$r7 N 5$m str " ns 2entr (, re2etm, n3a5em a!s$l t n"(" n element (are s n%d "e "2$te6a ( B ( re*t" l
83
ar f" ($2"at CeH"n l ntr3$ 5reme n (are m$del l e<(l s"5 era M$s($5a7 N e ma" 2 +"n ade5rat ( *" la C"te*t" *" la CeH"n 2r"n("2" l era a(ela*" = a fa(e d"n de+"n +" (l"" fra+"l$r de s fer"n+, a n n%d " (a (el la s f"e n l$( al s$l"dar"t+"", al $d"4ne" "nter"$are, al refa(er"" m$rale7 A d"str %e f$r+ele 2s"4"(e ale 2r"6$n"er l ", $!l"%nd 3n n ma" s "n5ente6e (r"me, n n ma" s re2ete la nesfr*"t l (r r" n (are n (rede, dar *" s de5"n (l l (el$rlal+"7 8"feren+ele e<"st *" ele7 Oa C"te*t" e<2er"en+a a f$st m2"ns 2n la l"m"tele e" e<3 treme, t$rt ra nentrer 2t, (are d (ea la de6"nte%rarea 2s"4"( a de+"n t l "7 n C4"na, de 2"ld, n Kan C$"ll"e, d 2 (e a re( n$s( t t$ate (r"mele de s2"$naj 2$s"!"le, a 2 t t 2n la (a2t s de(lare ( n a2r$! mater"al"sm l ate 7 & astfel de re6"sten+ ar f" f$st de ne3%nd"t la C"te*t"7 Yntr3$ 2$s"!"l *" s"n"str em la+"e ntre (ele d$ s"steme de reed (are, C"te*t" l ar f" "e*"t n5"n%t$r7 Cnd 8r"es Kan C$"ll"e se r( 2e 5a2$r l eare3- nde2rtea6 de C4"na, se ntlne*+e ( n %r 2 de r *"7 Se a2r$2"e de e" *" le s2 ne n en%le6e*te = ,Ken"+" d"n Un" nea S$5"et"(7 Snte+" fra+"" n$*tr"7 Tre! "e s *t"+" ( e snt n (r"m"nal7 Altdat, 53am 5$r!"t de r 7 8ar, ntre t"m2, m" s3a des(4"s $(4""7 Am a5 t 2r"lej l s st d"e6 n n(4"s$are *" a( m *t" t$t (e a real"6at fra+"" n$*tr" s$5"et"("1,
84
N ma" ( r *"" de 2e 5a2$r era r *" al!"7 Kan C$"ll"e ($nt"n = ,Am n(e2 t s anal"6e6 (eea (e s2 sesem = Credeam ( ade5rat F n 2arte, da7 n 2arte, del$(7 K$r!eam s ! "m2 ls l ne" 2s"4$6e de an%$as *" d"n $!"*n "n+a de a re2eta (eea (e n se af"rmase de m"" de $r"7 81a( a2e*" 2e ! t$n l Un" nea S$5"et"(, r$!$t l *" desf*$ar a t$mat l"tan"a7 Ceste *ase s te de m"l"$ane de (4"ne6" ar f" f( t la fel, ($2""" de / an", !trn"" de .0 de an" *" (e" a2ar+"nnd t t r$r 5rstel$r "ntermed"are7 A(esta este re6 ltat l s2lr"" (re"er"l$r7 8ar 2e ms r (e 5$r!eam ( $amen" l"!er" *" ($nstatam ( n"men" n m s2"$na, n(e2eam s ar n( d 2 m"ne, ! (at ( ! (at, me(an"sm l ($nstrn3%er"" 4"2n$t"(e7 Rede5eneam l"!er17 n -.@0, (nd a2are (artea l " Kan C$"ll"e, este e<2 l6at d"n C4"na n al d$"lea mart$r, Rean Cas_ al"n", (are 2 !l"(, n -.LA7 mrt r"a sa as 2ra la%rel$r de ($n(entrare (4"ne6e, s(r"s n ($la!$rare ( %a6etar l amer"(an R d$lf C4elm"nsH" *" "nt"t lat, n trad (erea fran(e6, ,Cr"s$nn"er de Ma$17
Cn n -.AB, a*a ( m a s fer"t3$ Kan C$"ll"e, reed (area (4"ne6 2re6enta, ( m am 56 t, n mer$ase asemnr" ( (ea de la C"te*t"7 A*a ( m $ tr"e*te, d 2 a(eea, Cas_ al"n", fr n"(" $ t$rt r sa 5"$len+ f"6"(, s2larea (re"er"l$r, d, 2arad$<al, ma" m lte re6 ltate7 ,Cre"er l1 l " Kan C$"ll"e e ma" 2 +"n ,s2lat1 2r"n t$rt r", de(j" a(ela al l " Cas_ al"n", /<r< tort-ri!6 > +% Cnd le a2ar mrt r""le, a(eea a l " Kan C$"l""e e (a n +"2t de $r$are, de re2 ls"e, 2e (nd Cas_ al"n" s"mte mere ne5$"a s af"rme ( el n fa(e n"(" n fel de 2$lem"( *", ( t$ate ( (ele relatate de el 2ar e<trase d"re(t d"n (artea ,-./01 a l " #e$r%e &r'ell, *" ded"( 5$l m l ,7Cre*ed"ntel " Ma$ Tse 8 n *" %eneral l " de #a lle, (are, *" n l *" (ellalt, a f( t f$arte m lt 2entr m"ne, fr s3*" dea seama17 #eneral l de #a lle l l"!erase fr s *t"e, re( n$s(nd 2e 2lan d"2l$mat"( C4"na ($m n"st7 8ar Ma$ F S f"e d$ar $ d$5ad de 4 m$r ne%r la Cas_ al"n"F N ( t$t l, de$are(e el +"nea 3s a5ert"6e6e 2e %a6etar", la a2ar"+"a (r+"" = ,,n de( rs l deten+" n"" mele, am d$!n3d"t ( n$*t"n+e f$l$s"t$are *" (nd am f$st l"3 !erat,3n ma" eram $m l d"na"nte17 S3ar 2 tea 5$r!" a2r$a2e de $ 77s2lare a (re"er"l$r1 e<em2lar, da( mrt r"a l " Cas3 _ al"n" n *"3ar ($ntra6"(e, ( f"e(are rnd, a t$r l, de65l "nd $ ($nstant d !l %nd"re7 Ma2t l ( Cas_ al"n" a rmas, la 6e(e an" de la el"!erarea sa, 5"(t"ma, (4"ar *" 2ar+"al, a ne" astfel de ded !lr", 2 ne ser"$s 2e %nd r" n (eea (e 2r"5e*te ef"(a("tatea reed (r"" (4"ne6e, na"nte ns de a 5edea 2r"n (e met$de a $!+"n t (4"ne6"" n astfel de re6 ltat, tre! "e s"t at mart$r l7 8"n tat fran(e6 *" mam (4"ne6$a"(, Rean Cas_ al"n" s3a ns( t n C4"na *" a tr"t n ma" a($l$ 2n n -.AL, (nd a f$st arestat7 C $ d"2l$m de te4n"("an s2e("al"st n ma*"n"3 nelte, el l (rea6, "med"at d 2 r6!$",
88
la m"s" nea m"l"tar amer"(an ) de nde *" arestarea sa7 8e ndat (e este arestat, n are n n"(" n fel "nten+"a s re6"ste an(4etat$r"l$r s"7 E %ata s mrt r"seas( $r"(e, n ma" ( n *t"e (e7 An(4etat$r l s ar f" 2 t t s se d"s2ense6e s3- d ( ntr3$ sal ( a2arate de t$rt r = Cas_ al"n" era d"na"nte d"s2 s s re( n$as( (ele ma" "ma%"nare 2(ate7 8e fa2t, sala n era de(t n 77M 6e al t$rt r""1, *" an(4etat$r l n 3- d sese a($l$ de(t 2entr a3" 2 tea s2 ne = ,Ce" (are se sl jes( de t$rt r $ fa( 2entr ( s=nt3ma" sla!" de(t 5"(t"mele l$r7 N$", d"m2$tr"5, sntem ma" tar" ea 5$", "ar met$dele de (are ne sl j"m snt de $ s t de $r" ma" ef"(a(e17 Cr"n("2ala met$d 2r"n (are se $!+"n n n ma" mrt r"s"r"le 2r"6$n"er"l$r, (" *" la dele s"n(ere 2e (are e" tre! "e s le ad ( re%"m l " ($m n"st, se n me*te ,n(er(area1 sa ,2r$!a17 A(east "n5en+"e s2e("f"( (4"ne6, (are ($m!"na "nt"m"darea, m"l"rea *" e2 "6area, era 2ra(t"(at n n ma" n n(4"s$r"le (4"ne6e, (" *" n 5"a+a ($t"d"an7 N ma" ( "n n(4"s$are de+"n +"" era a(e"a (are *"3$ a2l"(a s"n% r"7 T$+" de+"n +"" d"ntr3$ (el l de6ln3+ "nd 3se as 2ra 5"(t"me" *" maltratnd3$ 2n (nd 5a (eda, 2r"n("2" l rmne a(ela de "a C"te*t"7 Mr t$rt r, ns7 &r, da( la C"te*t", t$rt ra e<2l"(a t$t l, a"(" s"m2la 2res" ne 2s"4"(, ( $ s"n% r ($nd"+"e = s: f"e ($nstant ) e de aj ns 2entr a se $!+"ne 2r! *"rea m$ral7 8e fa2t, ,n(er(area n este 2ra(t"(at mere 7 S 2ra5e%4erea *" den n+ l n ( n$s(
87
n( 2a 67 M"e(are de+"n t are 2r$2r" l s d$sar +"n t de (e"lal+" n (are t$t l este
n$tat, "ar 2ers2e(t"5a de a f" s 2 s ,n(er(r""1 " a2are t$t att de %r$a6n"( ) sa a2r$a2e ) (a a(eea a n " s 2l"ment de ($ndamnare7 n (e ($nst ,n(er(area F ,777& maltratare "ntele(t al e<ersat ($le(t"5 m2$tr"5a n " s"n% r $m fr a2rare, s(r"e Cas_nal"n"7 Te4n"(a e e<trem de s"m2l = n (res(end$ ne(r +t$r *" $r"!"l de rlete de6ln+ "nd 3se m2$tr"5a 5"(t"me" (a s mrt r"seas(, a2$", la f"e(are mrt r"s"re s$($t"t "ns f"("ent, alte rlete7 Ka(arm l (areG3" r 2e t"m2an l d rea6 ( $rele, "ar n(er(areaZ n3are l"m"t n t"m27 Oa n(e2 t, (4"ar da( 5"(t"ma s2 ne ade5r l, sa adm"te, 2r$ster3nnd 3se *" m"l"nd 3se, t$ate a( 6a+""le (are3" snt ad se, $r"(are d"ntre ( 5"ntele sale 5a f" 2r"m"t ( "ns lte *" ( 6!"erete de ($ntrad"(+"e7 B"et l 2r"6$n"er este n($nj rat de $amen" (a3re3- 2r"5es( ( r *" d"s2re+, rla *"3- s( "2 n fa+, amen"n+nd 3- ( 2 mn""7 Oa sfr*"t l 6"le", este d s ntr3$ (el l *" lsat a($l$ ( 2 +"n 4ran *" 2r$m"s" nea ( a d$ a 6" 5a f" *" ma" r 7 n (el l este s 2ra5e%4eat de (el 2 +"n n mem!r al !r"%6"" nsr("nat ( n(er(area l "7 8 2 tre" sa 2atr 6"le, 5"(t"ma n(e2e s "n5ente6e $r"(e fel de 5"n, n ma" s f"e dest l de m$nstr $as (a s " se dea 2a(e7 8 2 $ s2tmn, e %ata s s2 n *" s fa( $r"(e " se (ere7 n C4"na, %nd"rea are t$t atta "m2$rtan+ (a *" a(+" nea, "ar n(er(area este arma (ea ma" ef"(a(e 2entr ($ntr$larea %nd r"l$r17
88
,n(er(area1 este na d"n real"t+"le 5"e+"" ($t"d"ene *" n s$("etatea ("5"l (4"ne6, nde ( t""le de den n+ 2r$l"ferea6 n t$ate $ra*ele, asemnt$are ( t""l$r de s(r"s$r"7 A(elea*" ( t"" e<"st *" n n(4"s$r" *" la%re7 8en n+ l re2re6"nt, !"nen+eles, 2"atra de temel"e a ntre% l " s"stem7 8"re(t$r"" n(4"s$r"l$r lansea6 (am2an"" de den n+ r" 2entr a s2r"j"n"Galte (am2an"" de ref$rm "de$l$%"(7 Mr a ma" 2$men" nen(etatele e<amene "de$l$%"(e, !a6ate 2e (r"t"( *" a t$(r"t"(7 Cas_ al"r" re6 m astfel re% l"le esen+"ale ale e<amen l " "de$l$%"( = ,Ideal ar f" (a s2$5edan"a s f"e s2$ntan *" 5$l ntar, (a ea s se 2r$d ( a t$mat, (a $ rea(+"e f"6"(, n (l"2a (4"ar (nd a" nfrnf( $ re% l sa a" f( t $ %re*eal7 Cnd l (r r"le n se 2etre( astfel, at n(" (e"lal+" de+"n +" tre! "e s aj te ( r!dare 2e 5"n$5at (a s3*" re( n$as( %re*el"le sa (r"mele7 n (a6 l (nd aj t$r l n d re6 ltatele a*te2tate, 5"n$5at l tre! "e (r"t"(at, res2e`+nd 3se 2r"n("2" l = n a5em n"m"( ( 5"n$5at l, (" n ma" ( 5"na sa7 n sfr*"t, da( t$ate (elelalte met$de a e* at, 5"n$5at l tre! "e 2ede2s"t ( n(er(area sa (ar(era >777? Cr"ma $ar (nd am 56 t 2r"6$n"er" m l+ m"nd % 5ern l " *" %ard"en"l$r 2entr 2ede2sele 2r"m"te, "3am 2r"5"t ( "m"re *" d"s2re+7 Ma" tr6" , (nd, la rnd l me , am tre( t 2r"n e<amenele "de$l$%"(e, am de5en"t asemenea l$r, dar ( $ m"( re6er5 m"ntal 9 n a(+"$nam astfel de(t 2entr a3m" sal5a 2"elea7 8ar, 2n la sfr*"t aj nsesem s (red de3a !"nelea >777?] "ar at n("
/.
r
(nd 6el l me a f$st re($m2ensat 2r"n semne de a2r$!are, am rea(+"$nat fa5$ra!"l7 M3 am lansat d"n 7(e n (e ma" a5ntat n l n%" d"s( rs r" "n($erente m2$tr"5a "m2er"al"sm l ",3m2$tr"5a re5"6"$n"sm l " s$5"et"(, as 2ra (el " ma" ! n m$d de a sl j" 2$2$r l *" alte s !"e(te*j la $rd"nea 6"le"7 A($rdam d"n (e n (e ma" 2 +"n aten+"e fel l " me de altdat de a e5al a $!"e(t"5 5"a+a, 2n n m$ment l n (are= am de5en"t ( t$t l str"n de ra+"$nal"sm l re(eG 2e (are3- n5+asem n *($l"le de m"s"$nar" (at$l"(", 2e (nd eram ($2"l7 S fer"sem s2la3- rea (re"er"l$r7 Sa 2$ate m ada2tasem7 Era" ma" *$r a*a17
Rean Cas_ al"n" ($nd (e el ns *" ,n(er(r"le1 la (are s:nt s 2 *" (amara6"" s"7 Ma" m lt, el s"mte n %ard"en"" n(4"s$r"" t$t at+"a fra+" sa 2r"n+"7 n lt"mele l n" de n(4"s$are de5en"se n 2r"6$n"er m$del7 lini ad ( am"nte ( at n(" (nd %ard"an l Ten m"3a re2r$*at de a f" 5$r!"t n (el l, d 2 st"n%erea f$( l ", am a5 t rem *(r" s"n(ere7 M"3am 6"s ( 2$ate am m2"ed"(at 2e (amara6"" me" s d$arm, (eea (e ar a5ea ($nse("n+e as 2ra 2r$d (+"e", f(nd3$ s s(ad7 >777? Iar 5ara, am l at $!"(e" l s mer% des( l+ 2entr a fa(e e($n$m"" % 5ern l " = $ 2ere(4e de 2ant$f" n m"n s17 & reed (are t$tal "6! t"t n n ma" n (e3- 2r"5e*te 2e Cas_ al"n" 9 maj$r"tatea de+"n +"l$r j$a( j$( l, "ar s$l"dar"tatea este 6dr$!"t de den n+7 n n(4"s$r", n ns *" n la%re7 Mr s e<2l"(e ($ntrad"(+"a, Cas_ al"n" $ 5a des(r"e de3a l n% l 2a%"n"l$r d"n (arte ($nsa(rate la3 .0 %rel$r, n (are s$l"dar"tatea de+"n +"l$r 2are att de t$tal, net a d"s2r t 2n *" am"nt"rea den n+ l "7 Cre6en+a, de 2"ld, ntr3 n ($rt, a n " t rnt$r, re2re6"nt $ e<(e2+"e7 ntr3 n "nter5" a($rdat 6"ar l " ,Oe M"3%ar$1 ) d"n (are am ma" ("tat ) Cas_ al"n", ($m2arnd ,Ar4"2ela% l # la%1 ( la%rele (4"ne6e, fa(e n ta!l$ a2r$a2e "d"l"( al a(est$ra d"n rm = ,n Un" nea S$5"et"(, t$t l are dre2t s($2 s m"leas( 2e de+"n +", s3" d"str % f"6"(7 n la%rele7n$astre n e<"st !r tal"t+"7 8e3a l n% l deten+"e" mele, n3am 56 t de(t $ s"n% r e<e( +"e, a(eea a n " 4$m$se< al7 #ard"en"" (4"ne6" n snt !7r te sad"(e, (" ed (at$r", d 4$5n"("7 Centr e", $m l re2re6"nt $ !$%+"e (are n tre! "e *t"r!"t7 #ard"en"" snt "n($r 2t"!"l"7 E" mnn( ma" !"ne de(t de+"n +"", dar d"feren+a n este en$rm7 Iat de (e ntre %ard"en" *" 2r"6$n"er" se sta!"le*te $ ($e<"sten+ 2a*n"(7 n an"" (nd m aflam n la%r, s"t a+"a e($n$m"( era de6astr $as7 8ar, da( m n(eam, eram ma" !"ne 4rn"+" de(t +ran""7 Une$r", 5edeam f"lme n$" 2e (are l$( "t$r"" d"n CeH"n n le 56 ser n(17 N 5a f" 2r"ma $ar (nd Cas_ al"n" l 5a de6m"n+" 2e Cas_ al"n"7 N *t"m ( m 5$r f" f$st at n(" 4rn"+" +ran""7 8ar Cas_ al"n" ($nsa(r 2a%"n" mem$ra!"le f$amete" (are !nt "a 2r"ntre de+"n +"7 Un"" d"ntre e" (" % lea !$a!ele de 2$r m! ned"%erate d"n !ale%a (a"l$r, al+"" mn(a 5"erm"" d"n !ale%a 5a("l$r *" !$"l$r7 Adm"n"stra+"a "n5enta ,al"mente de nl$( "re1 *" le n(er(a 2e de+"n +", 2r"ntre (are .2asta de 4rt"e, (are d (ea la n"*te re6 ltate 2e (are ren n+m s le des(r"em a"("7 Cei ma" sla!" sa ma" !trn" d"ntre 2r"6$n"er" m rea 2e (a2ete7 E dre2t ( n la%rele (4"ne6e, ($ntrar (el$r s$5"et"(e ) sa r$m:ne*t" ), %ard"en"" n3a5ea dre2t l s !at 2e de+"n +"7 n s(4"m!, de+"n +"" n d"s2 nea de n"(" o s"n% r (l"2 de s"n% rtate7 Era mere $( 2a+", 1 (nd n m n(ea , ( ,*ed"n+e de st d" 17 ,A(este "nterm"na!"le *ed"n+e de st d" snt marea "n5en+"e (4jj"e6 n mater"e de te$r"e 2enal *" 2r"n("2ala d"feren+ ntre la%rele (4"ne6e*t" *" (ele s$5"et"(e7 Un 2r"6$n"er (4"ne6 n d"s2 ne n m$d 2ra(t"( de a!s$l t n"(" $ (l"2 2entr a %nd" de (a2 l l "17 Ar rmne e5"dent de *t" t (are e (el ma" r d"ntre rele, !r tal"tatea %ard"en"l$r sa s$3 l"("t d"nea l$r e<trem 2entr a te de6!ra de $r"(e rm de %nd"re 2ers$nal7 Ma" "nteresant ns de(t a(east "n t"l ale%ere ntre d$ rele ) (nd am:nd$ tre! "e
res2"nse (a f(nd 2arte d"n a(ela*" ar4"2ela% al "n man l " ) n" se 2are a f" ,d !la %nd"reGG a l " Cas_ al"n"7 Sa d !la l " ($n*t""n+7 Reed (at l Cas_ al"n", 2r"6$n"er l m$del, (are 5ede n %ard"en" d 4$5n"(" *" fra+" ma" mar", 5a f" a(ela (are l 5a 2r$teja 2e n 2re$t (at$l"(7 N n ma" ( n 3- 5a den n+a 2entr r %(" n"le s2 se 2e *$2t"te, dar l 5a an n+a de s2s"rea %ard"an l ", n (l"2a n (are $f"("a o sl j! de Cr(" n7 N n ma" Cas_ al"n" dar *" toi (e"lal+" 2r"6$n"er" d"n !r"%ad l 2r$tejea6 pe a(est 2re$t ) (r "a de alt interi -/tiD d"ntre ei i se 0i s2$5edes( ) = potriBa -nic-l-i t-r5
2E
nt$r al m"("" ($le(t"5"t+"7 Iar Cas_ al"n", 2e (ale s m$ar, ma" m lt de "nan"+"e de(t de !$al, este n%r"j"t de ($le%"" s" de deten+"e (are3*" r 2 de la % r 2entr a3- sal5a7 " (nd " ntrea! de (e, 2r"me*te rmt$r l rs2 ns = ,Centr ( e*t" fran(e6, de(" s"n% r l d"ntre n$" (are are $ *ans s "as ntr3$ 6" *" s 2$5esteas( (e se 2etre(e a"("17 S f"e rs2 ns l n$r reed (a+" m$del, sa fra6a t"2"( a n$r 2r"6$n"er", ($n*t"en+" de nefer"("t l l$r stat t de 2r"6$n"er" *" (are s2er (a ntr3$ 6" l mea s afle de s$arta l$r F Mrt r"a l " Cas_ al"n" este n d$( ment n"( 2entr ( des(r"e n sem"3e*e( sa $ sem"3re *"t = reed (are t$tal, s2larea ( ade5rat a (re"er"l$r, a*a ( m a f$st 5"sat de a t$r"t+"le (4"ne6e, n3a 2 t t f" real"6at7 8ar n a(ela*" t"m2, ($nd"+"$narea a f$st dest l de 2 tern"( 2entr (a, la 6e(e an" d 2 (e a s(2at d"n C4"na, Rean Cas_ al"n" s s(r"e $ (arte n (are e "n(a2a!"l s tra% ($n(l 6""le 2r$2r""l$r sale e<2er"en+e7 ,Men$men l C"te*t"1 n" se 2are a de2*" n $r$are, d"n fer"("re n *" n d rat, reed (area de t"2 (4"ne67 Caralela ntre a(este d$ e<2er"en+e de d"str %ere a 2s"4"sm l " se "m2 ne de la s"ne, $r"(are ar f" e<2l"(a+""le a(est " stran" 2aralel"sm 2e (are le 5$r %s" "st$r"("" de m"ne7 A6" ne re5enea n$ , ($ntem2$ran"" a(este" de%radr", a" a(est " 2r$"e(t dem$n"( >n .E sens l n (are Malra < *" Bernan$s d"s( ta" des2re rea2ar"+"a l " Satana, d$mn"t$r 2e a([ 2mnt, la l m"na la%rel$r de ($n(entrare?, s ( le%em 2entr mem$r"a de m"ne (ele (te5a elemente (e def"nes( ,fen$men l C"te*t"17 Centr ne(es"tatea a(este" mem$r"", n ne 5$m adresa, n n(4e"ere, d$ar l " S$ljen"3+n, e<2l$rat$r l 2r"n e<(elen+, des($2er"t$r l n$ l " ($nt"nent al a!je(+"e" t$tal"tare m$derne, # la% l, ale (r " d"mens" n" le3a "m2 s ne" ($n*t""n+e $(("dentale 2n la el s$mn$lent, (" *" Nadejde" Mandelstam, (are *"3a ($nsa(rat e<"sten+a ne" n"(e strdan"" = a sm l%e "tr"" dest"n l l " &ss"2 Mandelstam, m$rt ntr3 n la%r stal"n"st, *" $ dat ( el al ne" ntre%" e2$("7 ,N"men" n as( lta, %ata, ne3am st rat, t"ner"" n ma" snt "nteresa+" de a*a (e5a >777? 8ar e af"rm ( n e<"st l"m"t n t"m2, ( tre! "e mere re2etat a(ela*" l (r , ( tre! "e read se la s 2rafa+ t$ate nen$r$("r"le s fer"te *" t$ate la(r"m"le 5rsate, 2entr a fa(e 2e $amen" s n+elea% (a 6ele (el$r ntm2late *" ale (el$r (e se ma" ntm2l7n(7 >777? N m "nteresea6 n"m"( d"n a*a 6"sele real"6r",G m" str "e 2rea tare n nr" m"r$s l (amerel$r de %a6are, 2rea m lt n mem$r"e n(4"s$area, 2rea "ns"stent n m"nte "%n$!"la l"terat r (are *t"e (e tre! "e s arate *" (e an me s as( nd7 >777? A6" e d"n n$ "nter6"s s3+" am"nte*t" tre( t l *" ( att ma" m lt s 5$r!e*t" des2re a(est tre( t7 >777? S3a re( n$s( t ma" nt" (3a f$st ($m"se (te5a %re*el", dar a( m n se ma" des($2er n"(" $ %re*eal7 8ar 2$+" $are ($ns"dera dre2t er$r" n"*te a(+" n" (are fa( 2arte d"ntr3 n s"stem *" (are snt
($nse("n+ele te6el$r f ndamentale ale a(est " s"stem F1 N"mn " n 3" este n%d "t s "te ( ntre -.0. *" -.AB s3a desf* rat n R$m:n"a ,e<3 2er"en+a1 2e (are am n(er(at s3$ des(r"em, *" ( d"ntr3 n ar4"2ela% al $r$r"", na d"n (ele ma" $d"$ase "ns le s3a n m"t C"te*t"7 .0
+,T. /argi fragmente din aceste pagini au fost transmise n .012).013 la 4adio -uropa /iber. Prima edi ie a acestui text a aprut n colec ia /imite", Paris, .05.. 6) 7rturia lui 8. 9umitrescu, 8emas(area, aprut n limba rom:n n ,ccident n .015, deci cnd lucrarea de fa era ncheiat, nu ni se pare a modifica cele cuprinse aici. ;artea trebuie ns citit neaprat, deoarece, n acest domeniu n care mrturiile snt att de rare, din motivele pe care le) am analizat, descrierea unei experien e directe e de nenlocuit. <) =i chiar n grupul ini ial al primilor executan i circul versiuni dup care unii ar fi fost n prea) labil tortura i. >) Toate protestele interna ionale, de la Amn(stX Internat"$nal la C$m"te des Intelle(t els 2$ r ne E r$2e des O"!ertes (;&-/), de la 7ircea -?ade la -ugen &onescu, n)au ob inut, pn n clipa de fa liberarea lui.
FU(ANITAS
este o e#itur #e )tiin e umaniste care )i "ro"une s "ub!ice cr i fun#amenta!e #in #omenii!e: economie, socio!o%ie, "o!ito!o%ie, istorie, fi!o(ofie, re!i%ie' E#itura EUM=NIT=A !ansea( "entru nce"ut co!ec ii!e:
E!&u' o'itic R& &r& I(&i cont&m oran& )ota'itari!m *i 'it&ratura E!tu'ui Co'&c+ia jp , -&morii".urna'& -a&*tri ! iritua'i r/!/rit&ni 0tiin+/ *i 1i'o2o1i&
Printre "rime!e a"ari ii: F1c!a* Ea*e! Eseuri Pau! Homa Cutremurul oamenilor =u%ustin :e Dialectica 8onstantin Noica Jurnal filozofic Iitt%enstein Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Fir%i! Ierunca Fenomenul Piteti Ai!*iu Jrucan Dispariia puterii =rm1n# 81!inescu nsemn ri zilnice E' M'8ioran Pe culmile !isper rii Goi Me#*e#e* Despre "talin i stalinism T' Gobert, A' Fieru #iscul gn!irii
Lei %
IS3N 973"28"0$66"2

Virgil Ierunca - Fenomenul Pitesti

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Virgil Ierunca - Fenomenul Pitesti

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

S-ar putea să vă placă și